Bölüm Kültürel Farklılık 3

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Bölüm Kültürel Farklılık 3 Bölüm Kültürel Farklılık 3 Türk Kahvesi içtiniz mi? * M. Arif AKŞİT** *Eskişehir Starbucks personeli ile kahve sohbetleri ve M. Arif Akşit, Pınar Erdoğan. Prematürede Caffeine/Kahve ister. ESTUDAM 1(2): 386, 2016, kısmen alınmıştır. ***Uzman Dr. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları, Neonatoloji/Yenidoğan ve Pediatrik Genetik, Acıbadem Hastanesi, Eskişehir Dünya Bölgelere ayrılmışken, Osmanlı hakimiyetinde kahve, İngiliz hakimiyetinde ay ve Avrupa Afrika’dan getirdiği Cocao içmekteydi. Amerikalılar limandaki çay demetlerini/çuvallarını denize dökmeleri ile kahveye dönmüş oldular. Daha sonra Orta Amerika’daki Kokain yerine kahve fidanı ekmeleri ile kahvede söz sahibi olmuşlardır. Bu Makale kahve içilmesinin kültürel yapılara göre değişimini sunmaktadır. izin damak tadınıza göre hazırlanan kahve, gerçekte size bir kültürel değişim olarak sunulmaktadır. Belirli kahveyi içme bir ailesel boyut olmuştur. Kahve çekirdek halinde alınmakta, evde özel kavrulmakta, tek kavrulma ile çifte kavrulma farklı olup, hemen kullanılmaz ise koku faktörü zayıflamaktadır. Bunun gibi birçok özellikle bu çalışmanın temeli olmakta, yazarın ailesinden gördüğü Sözelliklerde eklenecektir Özet Türk Kahvesi içtiniz mi? Amaç: Kahve bir kültürel boyut olarak simgelenen bir içecek olması ile bu konuda geniş bilgi temelinde irdeleme yapılmaktadır. Türk kahvesi de konu edinilmektedir. Dayanaklar/Kaynaklar: Kahve konusunda Wikipedia kaynaklı bilgiler temelinde yorumlar yapılmaktadır. Genel Yaklaşım; Kahve ile ilgili genel yaklaşımın, kültürel boyut ile yapılandırılmaktadır. Yaklaşım: Kahvenin bitkisi, kahve meyvesi, hazırlanması, kavrulması, öğütülmesi, çeşitli maddeler ile birlikte kullanımı, değişik yapılanması ile birlikte genel kahve ile ilgili konular yorumlanmaktadır. Sonuç: Kahve konusunda yaklaşım yapılmaktadır. Yorum: Kahve bir kültürel boyuttur ve her birey ve aile kendine özgü bir seçenek oluşturabilmektedir. Türk kahvesi de burada özgün bir yeri olmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kahve, Türk kahvesi ve kültürel boyut Outline Have you ever try the Turkish Coffee? AIM: Coffee as a cultural symbol of plant. The information about at many perspectives is considered at this Unit. Grounding Aspects: Wikipedia is widely used concerning on coffee, from plant, cultivation, preparation etc., and discussion is indicated. Introduction: The coffee perspectives on general considerations. Notions: The coffee plant, cultivation, agricultural consideration, preparation, several coffee drinks etc. on subject to discussed. Conclusion: Cultural point of view on coffee, every people every family and nations have special considerations Key Words: Coffee, Turkish Coffee and cultural perspective Giriş Kahve ile çay sıklıkla karşılaştırılır, bunun anlamsız olduğu belirgindir. Birisine anneni mi, babanı mı daha çok seviyorsun gibi bir sorudur, ikisinin yeri, anlamı ve kültürel boyutu farklıdır. Çay sohbet için içilirken, kahve bir sır, bir dertleşme ve bir farklı boyuttur. Kahve bir statü belirtisidir. Bu nedenle kahve diye değil, genellikle Fransızca/Latince/İspanyolca olarak söylenerek istenir. Bu özellikler bilinmelidir. Kahve isterken, özel adı ile istenmesi beklenir, yanınızdaki de ben de şunu seviyorum diye söyler. Sakın onun neden yapıldığını sormayın, bilmeyebilir. Atatürk ile ilgili iki kahve hikayesi nakledilir. • Atatürk Kadife Kale’de İzmir ile ilgili ve Türkiye nasıl kalkındırabilir diye yakın arkadaşları ile konuşma yapıyorlarmış. Kahve istenmiş; birisi sade, birisi az şekerli, şekerli gibi çok farklı kahveler istenmiş. Kahveci çayda olduğu gibi fincanları getirmiş ve tek büyük bir cezve ile kahveleri koymuş. Hepsi bakmışlar, aynı kahve istenilenler farklı diyerek. Kahveleri tadınca, gerçekten de birisi şekerli, diğeri sade, orta şeklinde imiş. Nasıl olduğu sorulunca, eski sert taş gibi şekerden ezerek toz haline getirilmiş ve fincanlara önceden konulmuş. Dolayısıyla kahve konunca eridiği için ona göre uygun şekle gelmiş. Bunun üzerine Atatürk “Biz niye endişe ediyoruz, Türk Milletinin ferasetine güvenelim ve dayanalım” demiş, denilir. • Atatürk İzmir girişinde, Manisa tarafından girişte yukarıdan bakan bir “Bel kahve/zafer kahvehanesi” bulunmaktadır. Burada Zafer Heykeli de vardır. Atatürk kurmayları ile birlikte gelmiş ve tabii kahve içecekler. Atatürk Kahveyi şekerli isteyince, oranın yöneticisi “yapmayacaktın bunu bana Paşam demiş”. Soğuk hava esince, Atatürk durum bir dinleyelim demiş. Kahvehane sahibi; “Paşam, iri büyük yapılı birisini bekledim, orta boylu Paşa geldi, siyah pala bıyıklı birisi sandım, sarışın ve açık yüzlü Paşa geldi, şekersiz sade içer beklerken şekerli deyince dayanamadım” demiş. Atatürk “Savaş gönül ve inançla kazanılır, bunlar olmayınca diğerlerinin hiçbir anlamı olmaz” demiş. Kahvehanede büyük bir coşku oluşmuş derler. Bir anı paylaşayım. Bir kongrede oturmuş, sohbet ediyor ve çay içiyorduk. Uzmanlıktan arkadaşım geldi ve kahve içelim dedi. Özel Türk kahvesi istedi fala da bakılacaktır. Falda neler olduğunu sordu. Bir seyahat göründüğü, İngiltere’deki kızının piyano resitalinin iyi geçeceğini belirttim. Ayrıca gelini olacak kızın, oğlunun beğendiği sarışın ve “S” harfi ile başladığını ve yabancı olduğunu ilave ettim. Çok iyi geçineceklerini, onların İstanbul’a yakında geleceğini söyledim. Aynı zamanda kahvede de S harfi ile yolu ve paketler ile sarışın bir görüntüyü de gelini olduğunu söyledim. Bu arada arkadaşım huzursuzlandı. Gizliden bana sordu, bunun anlamını. Benim fala inanmadığımı, geleceğin kimse tarafından bilinmediğini biliyordu. Ben de akşam yemekte birlikte idik dedim, 3-4 saat arkadaşımı dinledim, şimdi onu yatıştırıyorum dedim. Kısaca bir psikoanaliz yapmaktaydım. Bu sohbet değildi, dertleşme idi ve kahve de bahanesi idi. Buna benzer yaklaşımlar kahve içerken yapılabilir. Başka bir anı paylaşmak Bir arkadaş beğendiği kıza üniversitede öğrenci iken açılmak istiyordu. Kahve içmeye çağırdı ve fal bakmayı istedi. Amerika’da kahve içmeye çağırmanın bizim gibi bir anlamı olmamaktadır. Bu ciddi tanışma anlamında ama sır gibi boyutu yoktur. Bu açıdan bir zaman diliminde bir kişi sizi kahve içmeye çağırıyor ve pahalı Türk kahvesi ısmarlıyor ve yanında ciddi bir arkadaşı var ise, acaba evlenme teklifi mi gelecek diye düşünülüyordu. Bu girişen sonra fala geçildi, birisini onu çok sevdiği hikayesi ile kahvede olan sık şekil “S” olduğundan bu harfi olduğunu söyledim. Arkadaşın adı Mustafa idi, S harfi vardı. Birden kalktı, ailem karşı ama ben Osman’ı seviyorum diyerek, nasıl biliyorsun dedi ve tabi toplantı sonlandı. Halen söz isterken kahve sunumu ve tuzlu kahve ile sesini çıkarmadan damadın kahveyi içmesi beklenir. Gelin adayı tuzu koymak istemez ama arkadaşları tuzu doldururlar. Kaynaklardan Kahve Bilgisi Bilgileri çeşitli açıdan irdelemek gerekli olup, temel alınması gereken olaya kültürel açıdan bakmak olmalıdır. Wikipedia kaynağında kahve konusunda birden fazla yazı bulunmaktadır. Bunların tümü bir arada değil, konuya göre farklı olarak incelendiği, bir araya getirilerek yorumlandığı da görülecektir. 1) Kahvenin Türkiye'deki macerası (http://www.haber7.com/yazarlar/erhan-afyoncu/749520-cay-ikinci-abdulhamid-zamaninda-turkiyeye-gelmisti, 1,06,2011) Kahve ilk olarak Habeşistan'da ortaya çıktı. Başlangıçta içecek olarak değil, yiyecek olarak kullanılıyordu. 15. yüzyılda Yemen'e geldi. 16. yüzyılın başlarında Arabistan Yarımadası'nda ve Mısır'da tanındı. Kahve Müslüman toplumlarda kahvehane isimli yeni bir toplanma mekânını da ortaya çıkardı. İlk kahvehane 1511'de Mekke'de bir caminin yanında kuruldu. İstanbul'a 16. yüzyılın ortalarında gelen kahve de kısa sürede benimsendi ve İstanbul'da birçok kahvehane açıldı. İstanbul'da tüketilen kahve Mısır üzerinden Yemen'den geliyordu. Kahvenin yoğun ilgi görmesi ticaretini de cazip kılıyordu. Bir süre sonra İstanbul'da 100 kadar kahve toptancısı 55 civarında dükkânda satış yapar hale geldi. 17. yüzyılın başlarında kahve Avrupa'da tanınmaya başladı. Kahve Avrupa'da ilk olarak Venedik'te tanındı. İkinci Viyana kuşatmasından sonra önce Viyana'da Mavi Şişe isimli kahvehane açıldı. Ardından bütün Avrupa'da kahvehaneler açılmaya başlandı. Kahve Avrupa'da Türk kahvesi adıyla tanındı. Yorum Kahve kavrulması ile çok acı olduğu için, şeker ve çikolata ile kaplanması ile çiğnenerek yenebilmektedir. Bu açıdan tatlandırarak veya tatlı olanla birlikte yenilebilmektedir. Herhalde incir ile birlikte çifte kavrulmuş kahve iyi bir tadımlık olmalıdır. Kahve-hane yerine kıraat-hane, okuma evleri olarak açılarak, insanların okuma yerleri oluşturulmuştur. Bu desteklenmesi amacı ötesinde, farklı amaçla toplanıldığının bir bulgusu ve kanıtıdır. 2) Coffee (Wikipedia) Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the Coffea plant. The genus Coffea is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean.[2] The plant was exported from Africa to countries around the world. Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, India, and Africa. The two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and hardier robusta. Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried. Dried coffee seeds (referred to as beans) are roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor. Roasted beans are ground and brewed with near-boiling water to produce coffee as a beverage. Yorum Dünyanın bir halka olarak kahve yetişme yeri vardır. Afrika’da SAHİL/SAHEL denilen
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