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Environmental Footprint of Coffee in Colombia. Guidance Document

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Environmental Footprint of Coffee in Colombia. Guidance Document ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINT OF COFFEE IN COLOMBIA GUIDANCE DOCUMENT Industria Colombiana de Café Version 1.0 Prepared by: Quantis Simon Gmünder Centro Nacional Para la Producción Más Limpia Carlos Toro Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria AGROSAVIA Juan Mauricio Rojas Acosta Federación Nacional de Cafeteros de Colombia Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café Cenicafé Nelson Rodriguez Valencia Contributing authors Centro Nacional Para la Producción Más Limpia CNPML Gloria Restrepo Quantis Juanita Barrera Sebastien Humbert Embassy of Switzerland in Colombia Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) Global Programme Water Diana Rojas Orjuela Maly Puerto López Federación Nacional de Cafeteros de Colombia Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café Cenicafé. Álvaro Gaitan B. PhD. CADIS Nydia Suppen Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria AGROSAVIA Felipe López-Hernández Photos provided by: Federación Nacional de Cafeteros de Colombia Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café Cenicafé y proyecto GIA - Manos al Agua. The information contained in this document is the result of the technical work of CNPMLTA, Quantis International, Colombia National Coffee Federation, Cenicafe, and partner companies. The contents and opinions do not reflect the official position of the Swiss Embassy in Colombia - Humanitarian Aid and Development (SDC), nor of ANDI. Additionally, this publication is not for commercial use. Printed by: Gráficas Pajon ABBREVIATIONS AF Allocation factor AGB Above-ground biomass BGB Below-ground biomass B2B Business to business B2C Business to consumer CAS Coffee agroforestry system CF Characterization factor CFF Circular footprint formula CTUe Comparative toxic unit for ecosystems CTUh Comparative toxic unit for humans DM Dead matter DPC Dried parchment coffee DQR Data quality rating EF Environmental footprint EI Environmental impact EoL End-of-life EPD Environmental product declaration FU Functional unit FNC National Coffee Growers Federation of Colombia GAP Good Agricultural Practice GHG Greenhouse gas GR Geographical representativeness GRI Global Reporting Initiative GWP Global warming potential HHSC Hydraulic hopper and screw conveyors ILCD International Reference Life Cycle Data System IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPM Integrated pest management ISO International Organization for Standardization JRC Joint Research Centre LCA Life cycle assessment LCI Life cycle inventory LCIA Life cycle impact assessment LUC Land use change OEF Organisation Environmental Footprint QWDB Quantis Water Database NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action NMVOC Non-methane volatile compounds PCR Product Category Rules PEF Product Environmental Footprint PEFCR Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules SMAT Septic tank SOC Soil organic matter TeR Technological representativeness TiR Time representativeness TS Technical secretariat UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UUID Universally unique identifier WFLDB World Food LCA Database TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................................. 8 1. BACKGROUND.......................................................................................................................................................... 8 2. OBJETIVES OF THIS GUIDE...................................................................................................................................... 10 3. WHO IS THIS GUIDE FOR?..................................................................................................................................... 10 2. SETTING THE GOAL AND SCOPE OF THE EF STUDY........................................................................................ 11 2.1 DEFINING THE GOAL OF THE STUDY................................................................................................................ 11 2.2 SPECIFICATION OF THE COFFEE PRODUCT..................................................................................................... 11 2.3 DEFINING THE FUNCTIONAL UNIT................................................................................................................... 12 2.4 SYSTEM BOUNDARIES - LIFE CYCLE STAGES AND PROCESSES UNIT...................................................... 12 2.5 GEOGRAPHICAL AND TEMPORAL BOUNDARIESAND PROCESSES UNIT.............................................. 14 2.6 CUT-OFF RULES..................................................................................................................................................... 14 2.7 DEALING WITH MULTI-OUTPUT PROCESSES — ALLOCATION RULES..................................................... 15 2.8 SELECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT CATEGORIES.................................................................... 16 2.9 CLIMATE CHANGE MODELING........................................................................................................................... 17 2.10 WARTER MODELING.......................................................................................................................................... 17 3. COLLECTING DATA.................................................................................................................................................. 19 3.1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................................... 19 3.2 DATA COLLECTION REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................... 20 3.2.1 Green coffee cultivation, post-harvest production, and manufacturing.............................................. 21 3.2.2 Packaging............................................................................................................................................................. 21 3.2.3 Use......................................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.2.4 End-of-life............................................................................................................................................................. 21 3.3 DATA SOURCES ..................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.3.1 Primary data — sampling................................................................................................................................ 21 3.3.1 Secundary data ................................................................................................................................................. 22 3.4 COFFEE CULTIVATION.......................................................................................................................................... 23 3.4.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 23 3.4.2 Coffee varieties................................................................................................................................................... 23 3.4.3 Classification of cultivation systems............................................................................................................... 23 3.4.4 Germination and nursery................................................................................................................................. 27 3.4.5 Fiel preparation.................................................................................................................................................. 27 3.4.6 Crop growth........................................................................................................................................................ 28 3.4.7 Productivity and yield......................................................................................................................................... 29 3.4.8 Fertilizer application.......................................................................................................................................... 29 3.4.9 Pesticide application and weed management............................................................................................ 31 3.4.10 Irrigation............................................................................................................................................................ 32 3,4.11 Machine Use..................................................................................................................................................... 33 3.4.12 Transport........................................................................................................................................................... 33 3.4.13 Pesticide emissions......................................................................................................................................... 34 3.4.14 Nitrogen-related emissions from fertilizer application........................................................................... 34 3.4.15 Phosphorus and phosphate ........................................................................................................................ 36 3.4.16 CO2 emissions from urea and lime applicationemissions
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