Synthetic Studies Towards Tricyclic Quinolizidine- Or Bicyclic Decahydroquinoline-Containing Alkaloids

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Synthetic Studies Towards Tricyclic Quinolizidine- Or Bicyclic Decahydroquinoline-Containing Alkaloids Synthetic studies towards tricyclic quinolizidine- or bicyclic decahydroquinoline-containing alkaloids. Vorgelegt von Gaël Le Goc Diplom-Ingenieur und Master of Science Aus Pau (Frankreich) Von der Fakultät II – Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften der Technische Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Naturwissenschaften Dr.rer.nat. Genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Bickermann Erster Berichter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Siegfried Blechert Zweiter Berichter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Constantin Czekelius Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 30. Juni 2014 Berlin 2014 D 83 The present research project was conducted under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Siegfried Blechert from October 2008 to April 2013 in the Institute of Chemistry, Faculty II of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Berlin Institute of Technology. 2 Abstract The present investigations deal with two different topics, both related to the total synthesis of natural compounds. In the first part of this work, two synthetic concepts towards cylindricines and related tricyclic natural compounds were investigated. The complex structures of these compounds combined with theirs interesting biological activities have made them highly attractive synthetic targets. Considering former group members’ results, a synthetic route to the tricyclic core of the examined alkaloids was studied using transannular Mannich reactions on a suitable macrocyclic diketone. Numerous studies were performed on the way to the requisite macrocycle. The first challenge of this synthetic path was the construction of the central ,’-chiral secondary amino group. An interesting two-step sequence, imine formation and Grignard addition, applied to the adequate amino alcohol was optimised and afforded the desired ,’-chiral amine in a highly diastereoselective fashion. Despite various attempts to continue this synthetic route, the required macrocycle could not be obtained. Moreover, in 2009, during the realisation of the present work, Tanner and co-workers published the synthesis of the nude desired tricyclic core employing a similar model. As a consequence, to conserve the novelty of our synthetic concept, a modified route was developed. A new concept was developed, including the achievement of the desired tricyclic core through consecutive hydroamination reaction and Mannich reaction on an adequate triple bond and ketone containing macrocycle. Various synthetic ways towards suitable amino alcohols were first examined and afforded the different desired substrates in moderate to high yields. The previously developed two-step sequence, imine formation and Grignard addition, applied on these different amino alcohols afforded the corresponding requisite ,’-chiral amines. Further studies on the following steps of the process led to traces of an interesting precursor which is expected to give the required macrocycle directly after an alkyne- alkyne ring closing metathesis, as it was demonstrated in another group member’s current work. In the second part of this work, a synthetic concept presented by a former group member for the total synthesis of pumiliotoxin CIII was taken into account and a generalisation to the synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted decahydroquinolines was investigated. Similarly to the previously reported studies, a synthetic route through a 2,5-disubstituted hexahydroquinoline obtained from a diastereoselective ring-rearrangement metathesis was developed. In the present work, the syntheses of the three required fragments for the achievement of the metathesis precursor were developed and optimised. 3 Zusammenfassung Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wurden zwei totalsynthetische Konzepte zum Zugang zur Naturstoffklasse der Cylindricine und verwandten tricyclischen Naturstoffen untersucht. Sowohl die interessante pharmakologische Aktivität als auch die Strukturelle Komplexität machen diese Naturstoffklasse zu einem sehr attraktiven Syntheseziel. Zum Aufbau des gewünschten tricyclischen Kerns wurde basierend auf Vorarbeiten aus dieser Gruppe eine Synthesestrategie über eine transannulare Mannich-Reaktionen geeigneter makrocyclischer Diketone verfolgt. Eine effiziente, zweistufigen Sequenz aus Iminbildung und anschließender diastereoselektiver Grignard-Addition lieferte unter optimierten Bedingungen das gewünschte ,‘-chirale Amin mit einer hohen Diastereoselektivität und einer guten Ausbeute. Verschiedene Experimente haben jedoch gezeigt, dass der erforderliche Makrozyclus auf diesem Syntheseweg nicht erhalten werden kann. Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen wurde ein modifiziertes Synthesekonzept entwickelt, welches den angestrebten Tricyclus in einer Reaktionsfolge aus Alkin-Alkin-Ringschlussmetathese entsprechender Dialkine, Hydroaminierung und transannularer Mannich-Reaktion zugänglich macht. Zur Darstellung entsprechend geeigneter ,‘- chiralen Amine wurde auch hier durch die zuvor erarbeitete zweistufigen Sequenz aus Iminbildung und Grignard-Addition anvisiert. Ersten Versuche zeigten, dass ein entsprechender Metathesevorläufer zur Bildung des Makrozyclusses zugänglich ist. Fortführende Untersuchungen auf dieser Syntheseroute sind Gegenstand aktueller Studien in dieser Gruppe. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wurde ein synthetisches Konzept aus diesem Arbeitskreis, welches zuvor im Rahmen der Totalsynthese von Pumiliotoxin CIII Anwendung fand, auf die flexible Synthese von 2,5-disubstituirten Decahydrochinolinen erweitert. Basierend auf den zuvor berichteten Studien wurde eine Syntheseroute anvisiert, die als Schlüsselschritt zum Aufbau eine 2,5-disubstituirte Hexahydrochinolins eine diastereoselektive Ringumlagerungsmetathese beinhaltet. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Synthesen der drei benötigten Fragmente zur Darstellung des entsprechenden Methatesevorläufers entwickelt und optimiert. 4 Résumé Deux sujets de recherche ont été abordés dans cette thèse, concernant tous deux la synthèse totale de composés naturels. Dans la première partie de ces travaux, deux concepts de synthèse des cylindricines, produits naturels, et d’alcaloïdes tricycliques apparentés ont été étudiés. Les structures complexes de ces composés ainsi que leur intérêt biologique en ont fait des cibles synthétiques attractives. Prenant en compte des résultats obtenus par d’anciens membres du groupe, une voie de synthèse du noyau tricyclique de ces alcaloïdes utilisant des réactions de Mannich transannulaires sur une dicétone macrocyclique appropriée a tout d’abord été examinée. De nombreuses approches ont été considérées pour la synthèse de ce macrocycle. Le premier défi était la création de l’amine secondaire ,’-chirale, au centre du squelette des molécules cibles. Une séquence en deux étapes, formation d’une imine puis addition d’un Grignard, appliquée à un amino-alcool approprié a été développée et optimisée, permettant l’obtention du composé souhaité avec une diastéréosélectivité importante. Cependant, malgré de nombreuses tentatives d’optimisation de cette voie de synthèse, le macrocycle requis n’a pu être obtenu. Par ailleurs, en 2009, durant la réalisation de ces travaux de recherche, le groupe du professeur Tanner a publié une synthèse du noyau tricyclique souhaité utilisant un modèle similaire. Par conséquent, pour préserver la nouveauté souhaitée de notre concept de synthèse, des modifications ont été apportées au modèle initialement développé. Un nouveau concept a été pensé, dans lequel le squelette tricyclique souhaité pourrait être obtenu par une hydroamination suivie d’une réaction de Mannich sur un macrocycle approprié contenant une triple liaison et une cétone. Dans un premier temps, des voies de synthèse variées des amino-alcools désirés ont été développées et ont permis leur obtention avec des rendements modérés à élevés. La séquence en deux étapes précédemment évoquée, formation d’une imine puis addition d’un Grignard, appliquée aux différents amino-alcools obtenus a conduit à l’obtention des amines ,’- chirales nécessaires correspondantes. Des études supplémentaires sur les étapes suivantes de la synthèse ont mené à des traces d’un intermédiaire clé. En effet, l’obtention de ce dernier pourrait mener au macrocycle souhaité simplement après une métathèse alcyne-alcyne, comme cela a été récemment démontré dans les travaux d’un autre membre de notre groupe. Dans la deuxième partie de ces travaux de recherche, la synthèse de décahydroquinoléines 2,5- disubstituées a été étudiée en utilisant le concept développé par un ancien membre du groupe pour la synthèse totale de la pumiliotoxine CIII. Une voie de synthèse comportant un intermédiaire hexahydroquinoléinique obtenu diastéréosélectivement par réarrangement de cycle par métathèse a été développée. Dans les travaux de recherche présentés ici, les synthèses des trois fragments nécessaires à l’obtention du précurseur de la réaction de métathèse ont été développées et optimisées. 5 A ma mère, “All that I am, or hope to be, I owe to my angel mother.” Abraham Lincoln 6 Acknowledgements First of all, I wish to thank my supervisor Prof. Dr. Siegfried Blechert who gave me the opportunity of doing my Ph.D. in his group. I also thank him for financial support, for the choice of interesting and challenging topics, for the constructive discussions we had, for the liberty he gave me throughout this work and for his constant support and understanding. I am grateful to Prof. Dr. Constantin Czekelius for agreeing to be my “zweiter Berichter” and to Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Bickermann for agreeing to be my “Vorsitzender”. I would
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