Beware Reef Marine Sanctuary Identification

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Beware Reef Marine Sanctuary Identification Booklet Third Edition MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS BEWARE REEF BEWARE REEF BEWARE REEF BEWARE REEF BEWARE REEF BEWARE REEF BEWARE REEF BEWARE REEF BEWARE REEF BEWARE REEF

Acknowledgements

Many people contributed their knowledge, time and passion to put this Identification Booklet together.

We are grateful for the help of:

• Friends of Beware Reef Marine Sanctuary

• Coastcare Victoria – Gippsland

• Graham J. Edgar

• Parks Victoria

Acknowledgment: Steffan Howe, Mike Irvine, Lisa Petrus, Rodolfo Maia, Don Love Alan Wilkins and John Ariens.

Disclaimer Lots of effort was put in to provide accurate information, unfortunately this Identification Booklet may not be perfect. It is proposed to be a simple guide only and should be considered as such.

Photography by: Friends of Beware Reef

1 Algae ...... 3

2 Poriferas (Sponges) ...... 7

3 Cnidarians (Jellyfish, Anemones, Corals and Hydroids) ...... 12

4 Arthropods (Crayfish, Sea Spiders and Shrimps) ...... 21

5 Molluscs (Snails, Cuttlefish, Octopus and Nudibranchs) ...... 23

6 Bryozoans (Lace Corals) ...... 28

7 Echinoderms (Seastars & Urchins) ...... 30

8 Ascidians ...... 35

9. Fish ...... 40

10 Out of Range Species ...... 50

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS1 ASCIDIANS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF BEWARE REEF BEWARE ALGAE ALGAE GAE ALGAE AGAE ALGAE ALGAE GAEBeware ALGAE Reef ALGAE Friends GAE ALGAEof ALGAE GAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAEMarine GAE ALGAEBeware ALGAE Reef GAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAEALGAE Sanctuary The beginnings of this group came out of a discussion on Australia Day Beware Reef Marine Sanctuary 2005, about the underwater heritage encompasses a series of pinnacles lying within the boundaries of the newly of granite rock rising 30 metres formed Beware Reef Marine Sanctuary. off the sea floor, with only a small This heritage was in the form of three section at its northern extremity shipwrecks: the S.S. Auckland wrecked in rising some two metres above sea 1871, the Ridge Park wrecked in 1881 level. This underwater mountain and the steam trawler Brolga (Albert San) range runs for just over one wrecked in 1926. kilometre to the south-east from the drying part of the reef, and Since it was formed, members of the marine sanctuary that protects the group have given countless talks this unique reef covers an area and presentations to a wide variety of 220 hectares. The reef lies five of interested groups from Flinders on kilometres to the south-east of Western Port Bay, to Mallacoota in East Cape Conran and about three Gippsland and everywhere in between. kilometres offshore from the beach In 2012 the group catalogued at Yeerung River. invertebrates on Beware Reef Marine Sanctuary. This identification booklet that The reefs that lie below the surface you have in your hand is the end result of are rich in marine life and habitat, this fabulous project. with a unique mix of both warmer and cooler temperate species, due to its location between the Eastern Australian current flowing from the north and a cooler westerly current flowing through Bass Strait.

To date approximately 100 fish species, 4 marine mammals, 1 marine reptile, 28 seaweeds, 40 sponges and more than 180 other invertebrates have been catalogued within the Beware Reef Marine Sanctuary.

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH BEWARE2 REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF BEWARE ALGAE ALGAE GAE ALGAE AGAE ALGAE ALGAE GAE ALGAE ALGAE GAE ALGAE ALGAE GAEAlgae ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE GAE ALGAE ALGAE GAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAEThe marine ALGAEALGAE plants are basically divided into three broad groups: Brown algae; Red algae and Green algae.

Green Algae are closely related to some terrestrial plants such as mosses, fern and conifers. This particular group is less common at Beware Reef due to the physical nature of the reef and dominance of deep water, but a number of species are represented in some of the shallower sections of the reef especially around the exposed Green Algae, section to the north.

Brown Algae & Brown Algae are the most common Red Algae seaweeds seen at Beware Reef. They include most of the larger sized species attached to the reef, which is why they seem to dominate the shallower waters.

Red Algae are very common in southern waters and make up the largest group of marine plants. Identification of this species however is very difficult because it relies on differences between plant structures rather than overall appearances.

BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS3 SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE GAE ALGAE ALGAE GAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE

Sawtooth Caulerpa

Caulerpa remotifolia

Phylum: Chlorophyta

Family: Caulerpaceae

Fern Caulerpa

Caulerpa flexilis

Phylum: Chlorophyta

Family: Caulerpaceae

Awled Cystophora

Cystophora cuspidata

Phylum: Heterokontophyta

Family: Cystoseiraceae

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH BEWARE4 REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE GAE ALGAE ALGAE GAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE

Fanweed

Zonaria turneriana

Phylum: Heterokontophyta

Family: Dictyotaceae

Southern Peacockweed

Distromium flabellatum

Phylum: Heterokontophyta

Family: Dictyotaceae

Common Kelp

Ecklonia radiata

Phylum: Heterokontophyta

Family: Alariaceae

BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS5 SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS GAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE GAE ALGA EORIFERAS PORIFERAS

Flat-branched Coralline

Amphiroa anceps

Phylum: Rhodophyta

Family: Corallinaceae

Rosy Coralline

Haliptilon roseum

Phylum: Rhodophyta

Family: Corallinaceae

Spongy Leafweed

Epiglossum smithiae

Phylum: Rhodophyta

Family: Rhodomelaceae

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH BEWARE6 REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY GAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE ALGAE GAE ALGA EORIFERAS PORIFERAS Poriferas

Sponges are the dominant species on the deeper sections of Beware Reef. They are a very diverse species, some colourful, some free-standing whilst others are encrusting.

Their bodies are perforated by numerous pores called ostia, through which water is drawn, and a few large openings, the oscules from which the water is expelled.

Large volumes of water are passed through these sponges as they filter food as it passes through them. Because they are filter feeders they Sponges do best where there is a strong current or wave action.

BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS7 SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS

Ball Sponge

Ancorina geodides

Phylum: Porifera

Apricot Tube Sponge

Siphonochalina sp.

Phylum: Porifera

Cream Honeycomb Sponge

Holopsamma Laminaefavosa

Phylum: Porifera

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH BEWARE8 REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS

Cup Sponge

Carteriospongia caliciformis

Phylum: Porifera

Prickly Rose Sponge

Dendrilla rosea

Phylum: Porifera

Sponge

Euryspongia sp.

Phylum: Porifera

BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS9 SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS

Orange Dimpled Sponge

Cliona sp.

Phylum: Porifera

Sponge

Pseudoceratina sp.

Phylum: Porifera

Papilate Encrusting Sponge

Strongylacidon sp.

Phylum: Porifera

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH BEWARE10 REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS PORIFERAS

Plate Sponge

Strepsichordaia caliciformis

Phylum: Porifera

Southern Golfball Sponge

Tethya bergquistae

Phylum: Porifera

Cream Columnar Sponge

Thorecta sp.

Phylum: Porifera

BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS11 SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS CNIDARIANS RIANS CNIDARIAN CNIDARIANS CNIDAR CNIDARIANSCnidarians CNIDARIANS

This group of invertebrates is very widely represented within the Beware Reef Marine Sanctuary. There are two basic types of cnidarians (Pronounced: nye – dare – ee – ans).

Polyps – that have a tubular body attached at one end to the seabed, either individually or as part of a colony, with tentacles surrounding the mouth at the other.

Jellyfish, Medusae – are free swimming hemispherical bodied animals, Sea Pens, with tentacles surrounding a Anemones, central mouth on the under surface. Corals & An interesting characteristic of Hydroids Cnidarians is that they have stinging cells in the tentacles and body wall, for either protection or capturing prey.

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH BEWARE12 REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY CNIDARIANS RIANS CNIDARIAN CNIDARIANS CNIDAR CNIDARIANS CNIDARIANS Umbrella Jelly

Aequorea eurhodina

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Hydrozoa

Order: Hydroida

Lion’s Mane Jelly

Cyanea annaskala

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Scyphozoa

Order: Semaeostomeae

Great Sea Pen

Sarcoptilus grandis

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Anthozoa

Order: Pennatulacea

BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS13 SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS CNIDARIANS RIANS CNIDARIAN CNIDARIANS CNIDAR CNIDARIANS CNIDARIANS Pink Jewell Anemone

Corynactis australis

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Anthozoa

Order: Corallimorpharia

Apricot Jewell Anemone

Corynactis australis

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Anthozoa

Order: Corallimorpharia

Anemone

Epiactis sp.

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Anthozoa

Order: Actiniaria

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH BEWARE14 REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY CNIDARIANS RIANS CNIDARIAN CNIDARIANS CNIDAR CNIDARIANS CNIDARIANS Swimming Anemone

Phlyctenactis tuberculosa

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Anthozoa

Order: Actiniaria

White-striped Anemone

Actiniid sp. 3

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Anthozoa

Order: Actiniaria

Southern Sea Anemone

Phlyctenanthus australis

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Anthozoa

Order: Actiniaria

BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS15 SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS CNIDARIANS CNIRIANS CNIDARIAN CNIDARIANS CNIDAR CNIDARIANS CNIDARIANS Eastern Red Sea Fan

Mopsella sp.

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Anthozoa

Order: Alcyonacea

Jetty Octocoral

Carijoa sp.

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Anthozoa

Order: Alcyonacea

Johnstone’s Soft Coral

Capnella johnstonei

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Anthozoa

Order: Alcyonacea

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH BEWARE16 REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY CNIDARIANS CNIRIANS CNIDARIAN CNIDARIANS CNIDAR CNIDARIANS CNIDARIANS Fragile Bramble Coral

Acabaria sp.

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Anthozoa

Order: Alcyonacea

Blue Green Soft Coral

Capnella sp.

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Anthozoa

Order: Alcyonacea

Delicate Soft Coral

Clavularia sp.

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Anthozoa

Order: Alcyonacea

BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS17 SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS CNIDARIANS RIANS CNIDARIAN CNIDARIANS CNIDAR CNIDARIANS CNIDARIANS Fishbone Sea Fan

Mopsea sp.

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Anthozoa

Order: Alcyonacea

Elongate Seagrass Hydroid

Stereotheca elongata

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Hydrozoa

Order: Hydroida

Yellow Feathery Hydroid

Halopteris campanula

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Hydrozoa

Order: Hydroida

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH BEWARE18 REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY CNIDARIANS RIANS CNIDARIAN CNIDARIANS CNIDAR CNIDARIANS CNIDARIANS Feather Hydroid

Gymnangium sp.

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Hydrozoa

Order: Hydroida

Wilson’s Hydroid

Clathrozoon wilsoni

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Hydrozoa

Order: Hydroida

Sea Fern

Sertularia macrocarpa

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Hydrozoa

Order: Hydroida

BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS19 SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS RIANS CNIDARIA ARTHROPODS ART CNIDARIANS& CNIDARIANS & & CNIDARIANSEncrusting Grey Zoanthid & CNIDARIANS & Epizoanthus sabulosus

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Anthozoa

Order: Zoanthiniaria

Yellow Zoanthid

Parazoanthus sp. 1

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Anthozoa

Order: Zoanthiniaria

Little Coral

Culicia tenella

Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Anthozoa

Order: Scleractinia

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH BEWARE20 REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY RIANS CNIDARIA ARTHROPODS ART CNIDARIANS&Arthropods CNIDARIANSThis is another & marine group & that Encrusting Grey Zoanthid has many related species in the CNIDARIANS & CNIDARIANSterrestrial world. & Epizoanthus sabulosus Crustaceans have two pairs of Phylum: Cnidaria antennae in front of the mouth. They occur in virtually all marine Class: Anthozoa environments and they all have jointed legs. Order: Zoanthiniaria The spiders have segmented bodies, with a hardened outer skeleton, and many jointed limbs.

Crayfish, Sea Spiders & Shrimps

Crayfish, Southern Rock Lobster

Jasus edwardsii

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

Class: Malacostraca

BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS21 SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS DS ARTHROPODS USCS MOLLUSCS ART

CNIDARIANS&Serrated Hinge-back Shrimp CNIDARIANS & &

Rhynchocinetes serratus

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

Class: Malacostraca

Evan’s Sea Spider

Anoplodactylus evansi

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Chelicerata

Class: Pycnogonida

Gippsland Sea Spider

Pallenopsis gippslandiae

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Chelicerata

Class: Pycnogonida

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH BEWARE22 REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY DS ARTHROPODS USCS MOLLUSCS Molluscs

CNIDARIANS&Serrated Hinge-back Shrimp CNIDARIANSMolluscs &are a very diverse & group making it difficult to generalise on features across the group. Rhynchocinetes serratus All molluscs have body structures Phylum: Arthropoda of the same basic pattern, they have a head and muscular foot Subphylum: Crustacea which may be modified to form tentacles. Class: Malacostraca Molluscs may have a single shell like snails, a pair of shells hinged Snails, together such as in mussels, have internal shells such as cuttlefish or Shells, sea hares, or can be completely Nudibranchs & absent shells such as nudibranchs and octopus. Octopus

BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS23 SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS USCS MOLLUSCS USCS MOLLUSCS ART

CNIDARIANS& CNIDARIANSElephant Snail & & CNIDARIANS &

Scutus antipodes

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda

Smooth Helmet Shell

Phalium pyrum

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda

Marine Snail

Caledoniella contusiformis

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH BEWARE24 REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY USCS MOLLUSCS USCS MOLLUSCS

CNIDARIANS& CNIDARIANS & Pink & Top Shell CNIDARIANS &

Calliostoma armillatum

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda

Patterned Chiton

Rhyssoplax calliozona

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Polyplacophora

Ridged File Shell

Limatula strangei

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Bivalvia

BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS25 SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS USCS MOLLUSCS USCS MOLLUSCS ART CNIDARIANS& CNIDARIANSBennett’s Hypselodoris & & CNIDARIANS &

Hypselodoris benetti

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda

Subclass: Opisthobranchia

Sweet Ceratosoma

Ceratosoma amoenum

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda

Subclass: Opisthobranchia

Tasmanian Chromodorid

Chromodoris tasmaniensis

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda

Subclass: Opisthobranchia

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH BEWARE26 REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY USCS MOLLUSCS USCS MOLLUSCS

CNIDARIANS& CNIDARIANS & Marigold & Dorid CNIDARIANS & Neodoris chrysoderma

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda

Subclass: Opisthobranchia

Gloomy Octopus

Octopus tetricus

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Cephalopoda

Tasmanian Chromodorid Cuttlefish Chromodoris tasmaniensis Sepia apama Phylum: Mollusca Phylum: Mollusca Class: Gastropoda Class: Cephalopoda Subclass: Opisthobranchia

BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS27 SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS BRYOZOANS BRYOZOANS BRYZOABRYOZOANS BRY0ZOANBryozoans BRYOZOA BRYZOA BRYOZOANS BRYZOA

BRYZO Bryozoans are minute animals that form colonies on top of each other to build coral like structures up to one metre across.

Each animal (zooids) builds a hard case around itself, but on dying a new animal builds next to the old case, thus, over time forming a structure.

Bryozoans & Lace Corals

Green Soft Bryozoan

Bugula dentata

Phylum: Bryozoa

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH BEWARE28 REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BRYOZOANS BRYOZOANS BRYZOABRYOZOANS BRY0ZOAN BRYOZOA BRYZOA BRYOZOANS BRYZOA

Folded-plate Bryozoan

Steginoporella chartacea

Phylum: Bryozoa

Lace Coral, Lace Bryozoan

Triphyllozoon muniliferum

Phylum: Bryozoa

Green Soft Bryozoan

Bugula dentata

Phylum: Bryozoa

BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS29 SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS RMS ECHINODERMS ECHINOIDS ECHINRMS ECHINODERMS ECHINODERSEchinoderms ECHINOI

All Echinoderms have a radially symmetrical body, a unique internal water transport system, and have tube feet which are used for movement and gas exchange.

Nevertheless, echinoids are animals that have an internal calcareous skeleton, like vertebrates.

They have a remarkable power of Feather Stars, regeneration. Many can grow new limbs and guts if damaged. And Sea Cucumbers, some deliberately shed arms as Brittle Stars, a reproduction process known as fission. Sea Urchins & Seastars

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH BEWARE30 REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY RMS ECHINODERMS ECHINOIDS ECHINRMS ECHINODERMS

Tasmanian Feather Star

Comanthus tasmaniae

Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Crinoidea

Feather Star

Cenolia trichoptera

Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Crinoidea

Southern Sea Cucumber

Australostichopus mollis

Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Holothuroidea

Family: Stichopodidae

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Southern Basket Star

Conocladus australis

Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Ophiuroidea

Family: Gorgonocephalidae

Schayer’s Brittle Star Ophionereis schayeri Phylum: Echinodermata Class: Ophiuroidea Family: Ophionereidae

Heart Urchin

Echinocardium cordatum

Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Echinoidea

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Inflated Egg Urchin

Holopneustes inflatus

Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Echinoidea

Family: Temnopleuridae

Hollow-spined Urchin, Black Urchin

Centrostephanus rodgersii

Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Echinoidea

Subclass: Opisthobranchia

Family: Diadematidae

Common Urchin

Heliocidaris erythrogramma

Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Echinoidea

Family: Echinometridae

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Eleven-armed Seastar

Coscinasterias muricata

Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Asteroidea

Family: Asteriidae

Many-spotted Seastar

Fromia Polypora

Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Asteroidea

Family: Ophidiasteridae

Spotted Seastar

Nectria ocellata

Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Asteroidea

Family: Oreasteridae

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH BEWARE34 REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ECHINOIDS ECHINOIDS ECHINOIDS ASCIDIANS ASCIDIA Ascidians

Ascidians have two widely different stages of development. When in the larval stage (juvenile), they have a tadpole like appearance so as to be easily dispersed by wind and currents. When a suitable place to settle is found they attach themselves to the reef and grow into a mature animal.

Ascidians are essentially filter feeders that rely on the currents and wave action to bring the food to it, as it is unable to move once it has secured itself to the reef.

Ascidians

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Magnificent ascidian

Botrylloides magnicoecum

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Ascidiacea

Family: Styelidae

Ascidian Cnemidocarpa radiocosa Phylum: Chordata Class: Ascidiacea Family: Styelidae

Deadman’s fingers

Botrylloides perspicuus

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Ascidiacea

Family: Styelidae

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH BEWARE36 REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ASCIDIANS ASCIDIA ECHINOIDS ASCIDIANS ASCIDIANS

Spongy Compound Ascidian

Didemnum lissoclinum

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Ascidiacea

Family: Didemnidae

Ascidian

Leptoclinides frustus

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Ascidiacea

Family: Didemnidae

Brain Ascidian

Sycozoa cerebriformis

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Ascidiacea

Family: Holozoidae

BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS37 SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ASCIDIANS ASCIDIA ECHINOIDS ASCIDIANS ASCIDIANS

Key-shape Ascidian

Pseudodiazona claviformis

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Ascidiacea

Family: Diazonidae

Grape Ascidian Clavelina cylindrica Phylum: Chordata Class: Ascidiacea Family: Clavelinidae

Blue Flask Ascidian

Prodoclavella sp.

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Ascidiacea

Family: Clavelinidae

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH BEWARE38 REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ASCIDIANS ASCIDIA ECHINOIDS ASCIDIANS ASCIDIANS

Giant Jelly Ascidian Polycitor giganteus Phylum: Chordata Class: Ascidian Family: Polycitoridae

Sluiter’s Compound Ascidian

Aplidium multiplicatum

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Ascidiacea

Family: Polyclinidae

Blue Flask Ascidian Southern Sea Tulip

Prodoclavella sp. Pyura australis

Phylum: Chordata Phylum: Chordata

Class: Ascidiacea Class: Ascidiacea

Family: Clavelinidae Family: Pyuridae

BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS39 SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS FISH FISH FISH FISH FISH FISH FISHFISH FISH FISH FISH FISHFish FISH

Fish are the most easily identifiable species that humans readily associate with the sea. Because they are a major food source they are of an economic value as well. Beware Reef, like the rest of the southern Australian coastline, is well represented with a wide variety of fish species. They are divided into a number of basic groups:

Cartilaginous fish – have a flexible skeleton made of cartilage, rigid fins, have bodies covered in fine Cartilaginous Fish & tooth like scales called denticles, and have more than one gill slit. Bony Fish Bony fish – have a bony skeleton, with a single gill opening on either side of the head, and most are covered in a scaly skin.

Draughtboard Shark, Swell Shark

Cephaloscyllium laticeps

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes

Family: Scyliorhinidae

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Banjo Ray, Fiddler Ray

Trygonorrhina fasciata

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes

Family: Rhinobatidae

Port Jackson Shark

Heterodontus portusjacksoni

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes

Family: Heterodontidae

Draughtboard Shark, Swell Shark

Cephaloscyllium laticeps

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes

Family: Scyliorhinidae

BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS41 SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS FISH FISH FISH FISH FISH FISH FISHFISH FISH FISH FISH

White Pointer Shark

Carcharodon carcharias

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes

Family: Lamnidae

Green Moray

Gymnothorax prasinus

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Osteichthyes

Family: Muraenidae

Largetooth Beardie

Lotella rhacinus

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Osteichthyes

Family: Moridae

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH BEWARE42 REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY FISH FISH FISH FISH FISH FISH FISHFISH FISH FISH FISH

Red Rock Cod

Scorpaena papillosa

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Osteichthyes

Family: Scorpaenidae

Barber Perch (female)

Caesioperca rasor

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Osteichthyes

Family: Serranidae

Largetooth Beardie Halfbanded Seaperch

Lotella rhacinus Hypoplectrodes maccullochi

Phylum: Chordata Phylum: Chordata

Class: Osteichthyes Class: Osteichthyes

Family: Moridae Family: Serranidae

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Hypoplectrodes nigroruber Parequula melbournensis

Phylum: Chordata Phylum: Chordata

Class: Osteichthyes Class: Osteichthyes

Family: Serranidae Family: Gerreidae

Yellow-banded Seaperch Hypoplectrodes annulatus Phylum: Chordata Class: Osteichthyes Family: Serranidae A/N: Yellow-banded Seaperch generally lives upside down in caves.

Red Gurnard Butterfly Perch Helicolenus alporti Caesioperca lepidoptera Phylum: Chordata Phylum: Chordata Class: Osteichthyes Class: Osteichthyes Family: Scorpaenidae Family: Serranidae

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH BEWARE44 REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY FISH FISH FISH FISH FISH FISH FISHFISH FISH FISH FISH

Melbourne Silverbelly, Lowfin

Parequula melbournensis

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Osteichthyes

Family: Gerreidae

Longsnout boarfish

Pentaceropsis recurvirostris

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Osteichthyes

Family: Pentacerotidae

Red Gurnard

Helicolenus alporti

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Osteichthyes

Family: Scorpaenidae

BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS45 SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS FISH FISH FISH FISH FISH FISH FISHFISH FISH FISH FISH FISH FISH Onespot Puller

Chromis hypsilepis

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Osteichthyes

Family: Pomacentridae

Jackass Morwong, Sea Bream, Silver Perch

Nemadactylus macropterus

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Osteichthyes

Family: Cheilodactylidae

Striped Seapike Southern Maori Wrasse

Sphyraena sp Ophthalmolepis lineolatus

Phylum: Chordata Phylum: Chordata

Class: Osteichthyes Class: Osteichthyes

Family: Shyraenidae Family: Labridae

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH BEWARE46 REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY FISH FISH FISH FISH FISH FISH FISHFISH FISH FISH FISH

Senator Wrasse (male)

Pictilabrus laticlavitus

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Osteichthyes

Family: Labridae

Blue-Throat Wrasse

Notolabrus tetricus

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Osteichthyes

Family: Labridae

Striped Seapike Southern Maori Wrasse

Sphyraena sp Ophthalmolepis lineolatus

Phylum: Chordata Phylum: Chordata

Class: Osteichthyes Class: Osteichthyes

Family: Shyraenidae Family: Labridae

BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS47 SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS FISH FISH FISH FISH FISH FISH FISHFISH FISH FISH FISH FISH FISH Sixspine Leatherjacket Crimsonband Wrasse Meuschenia freycineti Notolabrus gymnogenis Phylum: Chordata Phylum: Chordata Class: Osteichthyes Class: Osteichthyes Family: Monacanthida Family: Labridae

Rosy Weedfish

Heteroclinus roseus

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Osteichthyes

Family: Clinidae

Horseshoe Globefish, Porcupine Fish Leatherjacket Diodon nicthemerus Meuschenia hippocrepis Phylum: Chordata Phylum: Chordata Class: Osteichthyes Class: Osteichthyes Family: Diodontidae Family: Monacanthidae

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH BEWARE48 REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY FISH FISH FISH FISH FISH FISH FISHFISH FISH FISH FISH

Sixspine Leatherjacket

Meuschenia freycineti

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Osteichthyes

Family: Monacanthida

Bastard Trumpeter

latridopsis forsteri

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Osteichthyes

Family: Latrididae

Globefish, Porcupine Fish

Diodon nicthemerus

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Osteichthyes

Family: Diodontidae

BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS49 SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS FISH FISH FISH FISH FISH FISH FISHFISH FISH FISH FISH FISHOut FISHof Range Species Victorian Scalyfin Over recent times we have been recording more species of marine animals that have travelled from areas to the north or west to inhabit the Beware Reef Marine Parma vistoriae Sanctuary. It is believed that this is an early sign of the effects of ‘Global Warming’ on our East Gippsland Coast. Phylum: Chordata

Barred Leatherjacket Class: Osteichthyes

Cantherhines dumerilii Family: Pomacentridae Phylum: Chordata

Class: Osteichthyes

Family: Latrididae

Round Belly Cowfish

Lactoria diaphana

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Osteichthyes

Family: Ostraciidae

Seven-armed Seastar

Tasselled Kelpfish Astrostole scabra

Chironemus georgianus Phylum: Echinodermata Phylum: Chordata Class: Asteroidea Class: Osteichthyes Family: Asteriidae Family: Chironemidae

Victorian Scalyfin

Parma vistoriae

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Osteichthyes

Family: Pomacentridae

Thompsons Chromodoris

Chromodoris thompsoni

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda

Family: Opisthobranchia

Seven-armed Seastar

Astrostole scabra

Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Asteroidea

Family: Asteriidae

Acknowledgements

Many people contributed their knowledge, time and passion to put this Identification Booklet together.

We are grateful for the help of:

• Friends of Beware Reef Marine Sanctuary

• Coastcare Victoria – Gippsland

• Graham J. Edgar

• Parks Victoria

Acknowledgment: Steffan Howe, Mike Irvine, Lisa Petrus, Rodolfo Maia, Don Love Alan Wilkins and John Ariens.

Photography by: Friends of Beware Reef

MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH Beware Reef Marine Sanctuary Identification Booklet Third Edition MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS ASCIDIANS FISH MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF MARINE SANCTUARY BEWARE REEF ALGAE PORIFERAS CNIDARIANS ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOZOANS ECHINODERMS