DOCSLIB.ORG

United States Patent Ice Lsaten'ted Sept

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

2,999,016 ' ii i United States Patent ice lsaten'ted Sept. 5, 1961 1 2 possible to produce duplicate masters from an original 2,999,016 drawing or to make a reproduction from an ordinary DRAWING MATERIAL _ Allan R. A. Beeber, Elizabeth, N.J., and Daniel S. drawing on to the scribing material. The reproduced out~ Spechler, Brooklyn, N.Y., assignors to Keut‘r‘el & Esser line may then be followed by the scribing technique to Company, Hoboken, N .J., a corporation of New Jersey form a master which acts as a' photographic negative to No Drawing. Filed Mar. 24, 1955, Ser. No. 496,602 form further reproductions. The invention also contem; ' 29 ‘Claims. (Cl. 96-75) plates the use of metallic scribing layers which may be applied to the surface of the foil by evaporation in high This invention relates to drawing and highly accurate vacuum or by deposition from chemical solutions instead reproduction processes such as used ‘by draftsmen and for of the organic scribing layers. When the metallic scribing the production of templates suitable for factory operations layers are used, it is also possible to apply a photosensi and the production of precise maps and the like. ' tive resist over the metallic layer and after developing ‘Patent 2,718,476 to Eichorn describes dimensionally the resist image, the unprotected metal may be etched stable‘materials for these purposes which are based on away by means of a suitable chemical solution to form an ‘woven glass cloth material impregnated with a polyester 15 image which is readily photographically reproduced. _ resin. It has now been found that it is possible to obtain These photosensitive resists may also be applied over the same degree of dimensional stability without the need opaque organic layers which may be etched away by an for using glass-cloth by using a base material which is a organic solvent. For example, M. Hepher and E. E. transparent or translucent ?lm of polyester material‘. Leoning (Kodak Ltd., Harrow, England), published a. These ?lms may range in thickness from .001” to .010", 20 method for dissolving away an organic layer through a. but are usualy .003" to .007" thick. This material has photo ‘mechanical resist using polyethylene glycol to, additional advantages because it is more transparent than prevent undercutting. _ the glass cloth material, it is free from ?bers giving it a _ Besides the use in template work as described above,. smoother drawing surface and eliminating the ?ber pat the new materials and processes of the present invention tern from the background on reproductions made through 25 will ?nd considerable use in mapping work. The scribing; the material. It is more ?exible and therefore can be materials in particular will ?nd considerable use in this lhandled morefreely. It has better initial .tear strength ?eld. A high degree of precision is essential in this work. ‘and its cost is lower. because color separation plates are very often made. One of the most important uses for the new material Those portions of a complete compilation map which are: is in the production of templates, particularly for aircraft 30 to be reproduced in- anyone color ‘are scribed on one: construction. This is done bymaking full'scale drawings ‘ sheet of the dimensionally stable material. Each scribed; on the new material for the templates or. patterns and then sheet then becomes a negative from which the correspond- reproducing them on the actual construction materials ing color plate-is made for printing the map. Obviously, such as aluminum, magnesium, etc. .The usual drawing the different color plates must all register when the ?n materials such as tracing ‘paper and tracing cloth do not 35 ished maps are produced so a high degree of dimensional have su?icient dimensional stability for this purpose be stability is essential in the scribing material. The material cause they are hygroscopic and expand or contract with provided with a metallic scribing layer and a photo— changes of atmospheric moisture as well as with tempera, mechanical resist layer thereover is particularly suitable ture changes thus making it impossible to hold the min in this work since the photo-mechanical resist can be used ute tolerances and exact dimensions necessary for preci to print lettering and symbols which can then be produced: sion machining. _ . in negative form by etching away the metallic coating. 7 ' Prior to the development of the glass cloth material The polyester ?lm used in the present invention is: mentioned above, countless hours were expended in scrib formed from a dibasic acid and a glycol. In particular, ing production drawings on metal templates such as sheet the polyester resin formed from terephthalic acid and aluminum. Many attempts were made to drawn on some ethylene glycol forms a ?lm of excellent dimensional sta-v more stable material or to directly attach a less stable bility, particularly when the molecules are properly. sheet of paper or the like to the metal template. Thus orientated. This ?lm is marketed by the E. I. du Pont de" drawings have been made on metal foil, or ‘paper drawings Nemours Co. under the name of “Mylar.” The linear. made to scale have been attached to metal or other back polymers formed by the reaction of the‘ terephthalic a, d‘, ing by use of various plastic or adhesive compositions. and ethylene glycol are oriented along the ?ber axis in‘, Numerous attempts have also been made to transfer such the production of the ?lm in order to obtain the desired‘ drawings to templates by means of photosensitive mate characteristics. This type of ?lm , will be referred to rial, but because of the opaque nature of the backing hereinafter as a ?lm of oriented, polyester resins formed. material, these processes have generally relied on a re?ex principally from tere'phthalic acid and ethylene glycol. photographic process. The transparent nature of the present material offers a wide variety of reproduction Thisand dimensionalpolyester ?lm stability. has good Both light surfaces transmission, may be ?exibilit smooth processes for transferring the image drawn on the stable or one or the other surface may be provided with a dull polyester ?lm to the metal template. ' " " ' or matte ?nish formed in the polyester ?lm itself. The‘ In its simplest form, the polyester ‘?lm, is provided with matte surface may provide slightly better adhesion, for. a pencil and ink receptive surface suitable for‘ drawings 60 some of the coatings which are used although it is not made in the usual manner as on, tracing paper and tracing ~ essential for adhesion of these coatings. It'has been.‘ cloth. These drawings can be readily‘reproduced on to found that coatings including a substantialproportion metal templates or any other base where a high degree of of an alkyd resinhaveygood adhesion to the polyester dimensional stability is‘ essential. In another form, the ?lm. ‘However, the alkyd resin may be modi?ed'by the; 65 addition of other resins including nitro-cellulose, urea polyester foil is provided with a scribing layer which is formaldehyde ‘and melamine formaldehyderesins. As" opaque to actinic light. When using this‘ material, the ‘ examples of alkyd resins which may be used in these coat original drawing is made by scribing techniques which are ings, the “Rezyl” resins of the American Cyanarnide Co.‘ preferred in‘many cases where the highest accuracy is particularly numbers 387-5, 330-5, 435-1 and the “Glypt desired. The invention also contemplates photo-sensitive 70 a1” resins particularly No. 2522, of the General Electric, coatings applied over the pencil and ink receptive (surfaces . Co. may be used. vThese are basically glycerol phthalate, or over the scribing surface. These materials make it ' which is oil modi?ed for examP to with cast'or oil or so Y a 2,999,016 3 oil. Rezyl resin 387~5 is described in the National done by applying a thin coat of alkyd resin followed by Paint, Varnish and Lacquer Association, supplement 2 a thin coat of an emulsion of vinyl acetate and Ethocel to circular 738, dated September 1952 at page 61a and containing a small amount of pigment and then applying according to the above publication the solids content of two coats of the diazotype formulae of Example III. Rezyl 387-5 is 41% phthalic anhydride, 33% soy bean 01 A brownprint composition containing the usual light oil, and the resin has an acid number maximum of 12. sensitive ferric salt, silver nitrate and keeping salts in a In order to make these coatings receptive to pencil gelatin carrier may be applied on the pencil and ink and ink lines, considerable pigment is incorporated. Par receptive coating. ticularly, siliceous pigment materials may be used includ The scribe coatings which may be applied to the poly ing pure silica and silicates such as diatomaceous talc. 10 ester ?lm generally also require an alkyd or polyester However, the pigment should be transparent in order to resin in substantial proportion. The coating is loaded transmit light for photographic purposes and for this with pigments and/ or dyes to give it the required degree reason, pure silica is usually preferred as the pigment. of visual or actinic opacity as required. The addition Some typical examples of suitable coatings for pencil of nitrocellulose can be incorporated provided the other and ink acceptance are given below: ingredients are properly balanced and this may be desira ble in order to give the coatings suf?cient hardness. The Example I usual opaque pigments such as titanium dioxide are suita 10 lbs of pigment (SiO;) ble particularly for light colors. A high proportion of 5 lbs.
Recommended publications
  • Using Sig Glass Cloth and Glass Resin in Model Building

    Using Sig Glass Cloth and Glass Resin in Model Building

    USING SIG GLASS CLOTH AND GLASS RESIN IN MODEL BUILDING Both Fiberglass Cloth and Polyester Resin have found numerous, where the cloth will come. Place the cloth on the joint and work it into valuable uses in the model aircraft field. Fiberglass cloth is very fine the resin until it is saturated. Brush a coat of resin over the cloth and filaments of pure glass spun into yarn. This yarn is then woven into vary• feather it out into the wood. Allow to cure three or four hours and sand ing weights of cloth and is also available as bulk fiber for converting until smooth, finishing model in normal manner. resin to a casting material. When a wire landing gear is used on a profile model, use a strip of cloth As we are chiefly interested in its application to model aircraft, Sig Glass over the wire at all points where it contacts the fuselage and attach with Cloth is of very light weight, but several layers may be used to obtain any resin in the manner described above. desired strength. Sig Glass Resin was selected for us by an outstanding MOLDING WITH FIBERGLASS authority in the fiberglass industry to meet model builder's needs and Fuselages, cowlings, wheel pants, etc., can be molded with glass cloth has many special features. and resin. For example, let's mold an engine cowling, always a problem GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS on a scale model. Carve an exact pattern from balsa and sand. Apply two Glass Resin alone will not harden. An accurate amount of hardener must or three coats of Glass Resin to the mold, sanding between each coat.
  • Dry Self-Lubricating Composites

    Dry Self-Lubricating Composites

    Composites: Part B 27B (1996) 459-465 Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Limited Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved ELSEVIER PII: S1359-8368(96)00012-1 1359-8368/96/$15.00 Dry self-lubricating composites Shin Jen Shiao and Te Zei Wang National Chiao Tung University,/nstRute of Appfied Chemistry, 1001 Ta Hsue Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, ROC (Received 20 February 1995; accepted 19 February 1996) Chopped strand carbon fibers, glass fibers and their hybrids were used to reinforce an epoxy matrix to which additives of PTFE, graphite and molybdenum disulfide were used for producing a dry self-lubricating material. Their tribology properties were studied using testing machines of thrust and journal radial. Also, the PV value, friction coefficient, wear rate and the contact surface temperatures were determined. The com- pression strength of the bush ring and the impact strength of material were evaluated. The surfaces of wear were investigated. The mode of fracture mechanism is proposed according to the specimens morphology. The relationship between friction coefficient and loading correlated well with the Myoshis equation in the case of a backing material. This study provided an optimal approach of making dry wear bearings by glass fibers backing at low friction coefficient. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Limited (Keywords: epoxy/CF; dry self-lubrication) INTRODUCTION This study explored the use of chopped carbon fibers as the inner layer reinforcement, backed with glass cloth or The friction coefficient of a polymer has low tribology a glass mat in the outer layer in a high rate. Some properties that have been recently used as the parts of additives, such as PTFE and molybdenum disulfide, in bearing, gear and oil sealing.
  • Fabrics Hdbk Insidernd5.Indd

    Fabrics Hdbk Insidernd5.Indd

    Technical Fabrics Handbook Technical HexForce™ Reinforcements Woven Fabrics Unidirectional Fabrics Non-Woven Fabrics Glass Carbon Aramid Hybrids REINFORCEMENTS FOR COMPOSITES MANUFACTURING, SALES AND CUSTOMER SERVICE Seguin, Texas 1913 N. King St. Seguin, TX 78155 United States Telephone: (830) 379-1580 Fax: (830) 379-9544 Customer Service Toll Free (866) 601-5430 (830) 401-8180 Technical Service for Composite Reinforcement Fabrics MANUFACTURING For European sales offi ce numbers and a full address list, please go to: http://www.hexcel.com/contact/salesoffi ces Les Avenieres, France Z.I. Les Nappes 38630 Les Avenieres France www.hexcel.com INDUSTRIAL DISCLAIMER 2 For Industrial Use Only - In determining whether the material is suitable for a particular application, such factors as overall product design and the processing and environmental conditions to which it will be subjected should be considered by the User. The following is made in lieu of all warranties, expressed or implied: Seller’s only obligations shall be to replace such quantity of this product which has proven to not substantially comply with the data presented in this bulletin. In the event of the discovery of a nonconforming product, Seller shall not be liable for any commercial loss or damage, direct or consequential arising out of the use of or the inability to use the product. Before using, User shall determine the suitability of the product for their intended use and User assumes all risks and liability whatsoever in connection therein. Statements relating to possible use of our product are not guarantees that such use is free of patent infringement or that they are approved for such use by any government agency.
  • Choosing the Right Resin for the Job

    Choosing the Right Resin for the Job

    CHOOSING THE RIGHT RESIN FOR THE JOB Polyester and Epoxy resins have certain things in common, but each also has its own characteristics: POLYESTER IS IDEAL: EPOXY RESIN IS IDEAL: -As a repair for all kinds of surfaces, such as plaster, - When superior adhesion and strength is necessary. fiberglass, aluminum and wood (except redwood and Excellent adhesion to metals, woods, glass, rubber, and close-grained woods like oak or cedar. Do not use with fiberglass. Styrofoam.) - Provides excellent bond between non-porous surfaces, - For structural repairs using fiberglass cloth or mat like metals including aluminum. where high impact resistance is critical - As a tough coating or repaid material for most surfaces - As a protective, waterproof coating and sealer. including Styrofoam, redwood, cedar and oak. - The hardener for polyester resin can be increased or - Where a smooth glossy surface is important. Epoxy is decreased according to instructions, depending on however, more expensive than polyester resin and temperature. Cooler temperatures require more requires more care when mixing and applying. catalyst, warmer temperatures less. - Very low shrinkage. 100% reactive. Low VOC - Polyester is economical and easy to use. - Epoxy should be used at room temperature (70-90f); - High shrinkage factor otherwise rate of cure may be affected. The user should not attempt to adjust the ratio of hardener to resin. NOTE: Polyester resins cannot be used to repair thermoplastics; that is, the kind from which Tupperware - The hardener should be used as directed with the or molded toys like “Big Wheels” are made. epoxy resin. The two parts should be measured into a Thermoplastics include polyethylene, polypropylene, mixing container, not simply dumped together, even acrylic, PVC, and ABS.
  • Aluminized Glass Cloth

    Aluminized Glass Cloth

    1 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET – Foil / Glass Cloth GLT Products Date Prepared: 09/27/05 6810 Cochran Road Emergency Phone: Chem-Tel 800/255-3924 Solon, OH 44139 Information Phone: 440/914-1122 Section 1 – Material Identification Product Name: Foil / Glass Cloth Manufacturer: Great Lakes Textiles 7200 Northfield Road Walton Hills, OH 44146 Section 2 – Hazardous Ingredients Ingredients CAS No. TLV/PEL Aluminum Foil 7429-90-5 - Fiberglass Fabric 65997-17-3 15.0 mg/m 3 Polymeric Adhesive No information *Hazardous Ingredients CAS No. OSHA ACGIH Other Limits PEL TLV Recommended Glass Fiber 65997-17-3 150.0 mg/m 3 5.0 mg/m 3 * Substances listed in the hazardous ingredients section are those that have been determined to be health hazards and are present at the concentration of 1% or greater r 0.1% if the substance is on the list of potential carcinogens cited in the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard. Section 3 – Physical/Chemical Characteristics Boiling Point: N/A Melting Point: N/A Vapor Pressure: N/A Vapor Density: N/A Solubility (in water): Insoluble in Water Appearance: Aluminum Foil/Glass Fabric Lamination Odor: No Odor Specific Gravity: Not Determined Section 4 – Fire and Explosion Hazard Data 08/25/06 Great Lakes Textiles Foil/Glass Cloth 2 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET – Foil / Glass Cloth Flash Point: N/A Method used: N/A Flammability Limits: LEL – Not Applicable UEL – Not Applicable Auto Ignition Temperature: N/A Extinguishing Media: Foam, dry chemical, fog or water Special Fire Fighting Instructions: Fires involving this product should be fought while wearing self-contained breathing apparatus.
  • Manufacturing, Application and Development of PTFE/Teflon Coated Fiber Glass Fabric

    Manufacturing, Application and Development of PTFE/Teflon Coated Fiber Glass Fabric

    Manufacturing, application and development of PTFE/Teflon coated fiber glass fabric PTFE/Teflon coated fiber glass fabric is made of glass fiber cloth as the substrate, impregnated with PTFE dispersion. Impregnated fiberglass cloth surface, coated with a thin layer of fluororesin small particles, and then through the drying, baking, sintering and other processes, the dispersion of volatile and leaving F4 tiny particles, tightly attached to the surface and pores of the fiber glass cloth, intensive continuous as a whole, to achieve the purpose of fiberglass cloth and F4 firm bonding, it become a new material which not only has the characteristics of fiber glass, but also has many excellent properties of fluorine plastic. According to different needs, in the dispersion can also be added inorganic or organic filler, to further improve its electrical properties, anti-aging properties and wear resistance, add a different pigment and then increase its excellent decorative performance. Process Research Raw material A. PTFE commonly known as “plastic king”, it is one of the best performance varieties of plastic. It has excellent temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, excellent insulation properties, non-stick, non-toxic and odorless, harmless to the human body. B. Fiberglass fabric The substrate of the coated materials should have high temperature resistance and good tensile strength, glass fiber compared with natural fibers and chemical fiber, it has high strength, elongation is small, good chemical stability, etc., and it can make up for the lack of F4, to maintain the size of the stability. Production process and key technology A. Production process Treated fiberglass fabric and F4 dispersion liquid → Impregnation → Drying → Take-up → Sintering → Take-up → Checking → Finished product pakcaging → Storage B.
  • Shiny Glass Cloths

    Shiny Glass Cloths

    Shiny Glass Cloths Smooth texture of the glass cloth easily releases particles with rinsing. This cloth also reduces the amount of chemicals needed for cleaning. Studies by the EPA have found that microfiber cloths eliminated 94% of bacteria from surfaces (compared to the 68% reduction by regular mops.) Using Monarch Brands color coding system eliminates any guesswork from what product should be used when. Which means microfiber that is used to clean guestroom toilets will never be used to clean vanities. Our microfiber cloths are lint-free and can be laundered up to 500 times. Details Part Number GSM Grams/Piece Color Size/Inches Case Count M915160B 20 44 Blue 16 x 16 15 Dozen/Case M915160GLD 20 44 Gold 16 x 16 15 Dozen/Case M915160GRY 20 44 Grey 16 x 16 15 Dozen/Case Technical Specifications Pass Acceptable Fail Size Tolerance Weight Tolerance Dimensional Stability Dimensional Stability L +/- 1% +/- 1% to Washing - MD 6% to Washing - CD 2% 10+ 8+ 6+ 4+ 2+ 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 10+ 8+ 6+ 4+ 2+ 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 10+ 8+ 6+ 4+ 2+ 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 10+ 8+ 6+ 4+ 2+ 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 Breaking Strength Breaking Strength Color Shade Color Fastness to Washing length 790 N width 1070 N 4 2-3 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 200 600 1000 1040 1080 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Color Fastness to Rubbing Color Shade Variation Elongation - MD Elongation - CD 3 after 5 washes 4 127.00% 212.00% 0 50 100 150 0 50 100 150 200 250 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Absorption Speed Total Absorption 1 s 162% 0 1 2 3 4 5 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 11350 Norcom Road, Philadelphia, PA 19154 • (215) 458-5744 • www.monarchbrands.com The standards that we are measured by are globally-recognized.
  • Processing of Composite Laminates

    Processing of Composite Laminates

    3 Processing of Composite Laminates 3.1 IntroductionCopyrighted Material – Taylor & Francis The processing of polymer matrix composite laminates has been the subject of considerable research during the last several decades (see Lee et al. 1982, Loos and Springer 1983, Bogetti and Gillespie 1991, and Khoun et al. 2010). Multiple physical and chemical phenomena must occur simultaneously and in the proper sequence to achieve desired laminate properties. There are several routes to achieve full consolidation and minimize void content of a polymeric matrix with a reinforcing fiber in volume fractions (50–65%) appropriate for structural applications. The most widely accepted approach is by impregnation of unidirectional fibers, textile fabrics, or random fiber arrays to create a thin sheet or tape. If the polymer is a thermoset, it is often advanced in its curing state to the “B” stage (a state of cure of the matrix that is incomplete but provides high room temperature viscosity). Known as prepreg in this form, it may be stored at low temperature (below freezing) to greatly reduce the rate of cure and thus increase the storage life. After being warmed to room temperature, these prepreg sheets or tapes may then be assembled into a laminate and subjected to a cure cycle. It is also possible to assemble dry fibers into an appropriate geometric form and then impregnate the entire laminate in a single step. This approach is known as resin transfer molding (RTM) or resin infusion, and there are sev- eral variations, such as vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM). The weaving of a fabric from reinforcing fibers is a widely accepted approach to creating the fiber preform, although there are other techniques designed to avoid fiber crimp and develop microstructures typical of that achieved with prepreg tape.
  • Electrical Shorting Between the Carbon-Fiber Cloth Electrodes of Structural Capacitors with a Glass-Fiber Cloth Separator*

    Electrical Shorting Between the Carbon-Fiber Cloth Electrodes of Structural Capacitors with a Glass-Fiber Cloth Separator*

    Open Journal of Composite Materials, 2014, 4, 140-147 Published Online July 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojcm http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojcm.2014.43016 Electrical Shorting between the Carbon-Fiber Cloth Electrodes of Structural Capacitors with a Glass-Fiber * Cloth Separator Akira Todoroki1, Hiroko Shiomi2, Yoshihiro Mizutani1, Yoshiro Suzuki1 1Department of Mechanical Sciences of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan 2Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan Email: [email protected] Received 13 June 2014; revised 28 June 2014; accepted 7 July 2014 Copyright © 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Multifunctional composites that have the ability to store or generate energy have attracted huge attention recently. One type of multifunctional composite is a structural capacitor that uses car- bon fiber cloth as electrodes separated by glass-fiber cloth. However, such structural capacitors are difficult to fabricate reliably because electrical shorts sometimes form between the electrodes. In the present study, we investigate the mechanism of electrical shorting in such capacitors, which allows us to propose an improved fabrication process to prevent electrical shorting between the carbon-cloth electrodes. Infrared thermography reveals that electrical shorting between the elec- trodes is caused by contact between the carbon-fiber electrodes. Such contacts are formed by movement of the glass fibers of the separator during curing, which is induced by epoxy resin flow. Pre-curing of the glass-fiber cloth separator to a suitable degree ensures that the electrical insula- tion between carbon-fiber electrodes is reliable.
  • Dictionary of Textiles by Harmuth Louis

    Dictionary of Textiles by Harmuth Louis

    PICTIONI\RY GIFT OF J DICTIONARY OF TEXTILES B Y LOUIS HARMUTH FASHION EDITOR OF "WOMEN'S WEAR" 1915 FAIRCHILD PUBLISHING COMPANY NEW YORK FAIRCHILD PUBIISHING CO, Copyright 1915. PREFACE The tendency in modern books of a technical character undoubtedly in- clines very strongly toward encyclopedic and dictionary forms. The cry for the saving of lime calls for books in compact form with information handy at a moment's notice. The present DICTIONARY is the result of 7'/2 years of collecting and compiling information, gained to a large extent in connection with my work on the Daily Trade Record and Women's Wear. With over 6,600 terms and definitions contained in it, this DICTIONARY is as nearly com- plete, in number of terms strictly relating to textile fibres and fabrics, as it is possible for a work of this kind to be. It was my desire to present in the DICTIONARY and within as small compass as practical the largest number of terms and definitions possible, re- lating to textiles from the fibres to the finished fabrics and everything which goes into them in the course of the manufacture. An interesting part of the DIC- TIONARY contains names of fabrics, now obsolete, with as complete a de- scription of their character as it was possible to find in various old laws, wills, lists and in the technical literature. Owing to the fact that manufacturers con- stantly have recourse to some obsolete fabric in search of new effects, details of manufacturing and finishing of such materials ought to be interesting.
  • Glass Cloth / Phenolic Resin) This Material Is Produced from Woven Fiberglass Cloth and High-Temperature Phenolic Resin

    Glass Cloth / Phenolic Resin) This Material Is Produced from Woven Fiberglass Cloth and High-Temperature Phenolic Resin

    TECHNICAL DATA SHEET G-3 (Glass Cloth / Phenolic Resin) This material is produced from woven fiberglass cloth and high-temperature phenolic resin. It is flexible, compressible and has impact good strength. GENERAL DESCRIPTION Phenolic Laminates are produced by applying heat and pressure to layers of paper, canvas, linen or glass cloth impregnated with synthetic thermosetting resins. When heat and pressure are applied to the layers, a chemical reaction (polymerization) transforms the separate layers into a single laminated material with a “set” shape that cannot be softened again -- therefore, these materials are called “Thermosets”. A variety of resin types and cloth materials can be used to manufacture thermoset laminates with a range of mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. TYPICAL PROPERTIES of GLASS LAMINATES (SHEET FORM) Benefits ( mechanical properties of rod and tube forms may differ ) Heat Resistance Mechanical strength ASTM or UL G-5/G- Property G-3 G-7 G-10 G-11 test 9 Low thermal expansion PHYSICAL Density (lb/in³) 0.065 0.067 0.065 0.065 0.065 D792 Applications (g/cm³) 1.80 1.85 1.80 1.80 1.80 Slot insulator D570 Water Absorption, 24 hrs (%) 2.65 0.60 0.10 0.10 0.20 Seal MECHANICAL Tensile Strength (psi) Gasket D638 -lengthwise 42,000 61,600 20,000 45,000 43,000 Valve plate -crosswise 34,000 51,100 - 38,000 37,000 Flexural Strength (psi) D790 -lengthwise 40,500 61,600 30,000 75,000 80,000 -crosswise 34,000 51,100 - 65,000 70,000 Flexural Modulus (Kpsi) D790 -lengthwise 1,800 2,000 1,600 2,700 3,000 -crosswise 1,400

  • Cotton and Linen

    .r»'^- MERCHANDISE MANUAL SERIES : t 2XT. .2 C0TT0N5»mEN THOMPSON MMiMm rW LIBRARY School of Business MERCHANDISE MANUAL SERIES COTTON AND LINEN BY ELIZA B. THOMPSON Instructor in Salesmanship, High School, New Haven. Conn.; formerly Store Teacher, Stem Brothers, New York City, and A. I. Namm & Son, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Instructor of Textile Merchandise Courses, New York Univereity NEW YORK THE RONALD PRESS COMPANY 1922 INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE MERCHANDISE MANUAL SERIES COTTON AND LINEN BY ELIZA B. THOMPSON Instructor in Salesmanship, High School, New Haven, Conn.- formerly Store Teacher, Stern Brothers, New York City, and A. I. Namm & Son, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Instructor of Textile Merchandise Courses, New York University NEW YORK THE RONALD PRESS COMPANY 1922 Zfiii Attita in Sebitateb to Mrs. Henry Ollesheimer, Miss Copyright, 1917, by Virginia Potter, and Miss Anne The Ronald Press Company Morgan, who desiring to give greater opportunity for advance- ment to commercial Copyright, 1922, by employees and believing that all business The Ronald Press Company eflficiency must rest upon a solid foundation reserved AU rights of training and education gave years of enthusiastic service to the testing of this belief. 154-. 53 .y T3 7 EDITOR'S PREFACE As "Department Store Merchandise Manuals" these SERIES books were MERCHANDISE MANUAL originally written for salespeople and were designed to give them reliable information concerning EDITOR OF SERIES the sources and manufacturing processes of M.A. the mer- BEULAH ELFRETH KENNARD, chandise which they handle. When it was Department Store Courses. New York necessary Formerly Director of Courses to deal Clmirman of Committee on Merchandise with scientific or historical Un^ersity; Educational Director, material it was fo? nIw YOTk City Public Schools; Department Store Education Association treated as simply and concretely as possible and the pomt of view taken was that of CONSULTING EDITOR business rather than that of the school or laboratory.