The neotropical mailed of the genera

Lamontichthys P. de Miranda Ribeiro, 1939

and Pterosturios ma n. gen.,

including the description of stibaros n. sp. from

Ecuador (Pisces, Siluriformes, )

by

I.J. H. Isbrücker & H. Nijssen

Institute of Taxonomie Zoology, University of Amsterdam., The Netherlands

than Abstract of the characters given are rather specific

the Descriptions and illustrations are given of four of generic." However, re-examination of holotype mailed catfishes to the , tribe belonging subfamily of the of the Parasturisoma A. type-species Harttiini. Two species are assigned to Lamontichthys P. de de Miranda Ribeiro de- Miranda Ribeiro, 1939: Lamontichthys filamentosus (La (1911: 109), originally 1935) of which the Monte, (type-species, filamentissima scribed as Loricaria brevirostris (in subgenus C. H. Eigenmann & Allen, 1942, is provisionally considered Rineloricaria Bleeker, 1862) by C. H. Eigenmann based of a junior synonym), on a total thirteen specimens, & R. S. demonstratedthat including all type-specimens, from , Bolivia, Peru, and Eigenmann (1889: 35),

Ecuador from tributaries of the Rio Amazonas this is of the Sturi- (all system), species a representative genus and Lamontichthys stibaros n. sp., based on two specimens soma Swainson (1838: 337). from Ecuador, sympatric with the former species. Three species of the tribe Harttiini Boeseman Harttia microps C. H. Eigenmann & Allen, 1942, is

redescribed from three out of the five type-specimens, (1971: 10, originally proposed as a subfamily,

originating from Iquitos, Peru (Rio Amazonas system). It Harttiinae) share the peculiar shape of body, head, is designated as type-species of Pterosturisoma n. gen., which and caudal are somewhat inter- superficially resembles Lamontichthys. peduncle; they Sturisoma brevirostre (C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigen- mediate between species of Sturisoma and of Hart- of Miranda mann, 1889), type-species Parasturisoma A. de tia Steindachner (1876b: 110-111). Two of these Ribeiro, 1911 ( = Sturisoma Swainson, 1838), which was

are to Lamontich- poorly described previously, is redescribed from its unique species assigned Lamontichthys: holotype, primarily to indicate the generic distinction from thys filamentosus (La Monte, 1935), and Lamont- both Lamontichthys and Pterosturisoma, the species of which stibaros C. H. ichthys n. sp. Harttia filamentissima have been recently referred to Parasturisoma. Eigenmann & Allen (1942: 211) is included

INTRODUCTION in the of provisionally synonymy Lamontichthys

filamentosus. Lamontichthys differs from all other P. de Miranda Ribeiro (1939: 12) diagnosed the members of the Loricariinae "Forma subfamily Bonaparte, genus Lamontichthys as: menos deprimida in rather than six branched da dobro da 1831, having seven que Harttia; comprimento cabeça, o fin maior dentes pectoral rays. sua altura; setiformes; a segunda

Pterosturisoma is here established for the re- série de ventral escamas, carenadas; superficie of Pterosturisoma de- de até à do ception microps (originally recoberta escamas espiculadas margem scribed as Harttia C. H. & inferior. Maior altura do sete vezes microps by Eigenmann beiço corpo, no 1942: the Dorsal im- Allen, 211-212). Superficially, body comprimento total (sem a caudal). and fin of Pterosturisoma is remi- ventral acûleo shape microps plantada à frente da com o prolon- niscent of Lamontichthys species, but the former gado em filamento, o mesmo acontecendo com os has the "normal" number of six branched pectoral peitorais e os caudais. Espécie-tipo: Lamontichthys fin rays. filamentosa (La Monte, 1935) n. comb."

Subsequently, Lamontichthys was accepted by ABBREVIATIONS who all but one author, Boeseman (1971: 6), AMNH American Museum of Natural History, New York, stated: "In the original diagnosis I find no reasons N. Y. for this from Parasturisoma. Most separating genus BMNH British Museum (Natural History), London.

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rather CAS California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, of this seven only genus subfamily having Calif. branched fin with than six pectoral rays. Together FMNH Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, 111 Pterosturisoma it is intermediate in general body IU Indiana University, specimens in CAS Harttia. MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. and head shape between Sturisoma and National TJSNM former United States Museum, specimens Sturisoma Lamontichthys resembles the genus in National Museum of Natural History, Smith- more than Harttia, on account of the relatively sonian Institution, Washington D. C. ZMA Institute of Taxonomie Zoology (Zoölogisch Mu- deeper body and the larger fins. Like the other Amsterdam. seum), of has dorsal genera Harttiini, Lamontichthys 1,6 ZSM Zoologische Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates, fin last one to its base; 1,4 anal fin Munich. rays, split rays,

last its fin si standard length. one split to base; 1,5 pelvic rays; 1,12,1

caudal fin rays. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Lateral line weakly developed. Dorsum of Dick Dr. W. N. Eschmeyer (CAS), Mrs. M. M. (MCZ), cleithrum broad. Further characters are described Dr. E. J. Fittkau (ZSM), Mrs. L. M. Hirsch (AMNH), for the two below. Dr. E. A. Lachner (USNM), Dr. G. J. Nelson (AMNH), species

Mr. F. Scharl (ZSM), Miss P. Sonoda (CAS), and Dr. F.

Terofal in loans (ZSM) were helpful providing (and a gift) Lamontichthys filamentosus (La Monte, 1935) of the in this We wish thank specimens recorded paper. to (Figs. 1-7, lOa-c, 14; tables Ia-b, Ila-h, Ilia) them for their assistance.

der made the for Harttia La 4 Mr. L. A. van Laan (ZMA) photographs filamentosa Monte, 1935: 5-6, fig. (original this publication. description; type-locality: Brazil, Est. Amazonas, "Rio Jurua:

Mr. for collected in the of the mouth of Rio Embira, a We are grateful to G. J. Howes (BMNH) his vicinity valuable while draft of this of Rio in is of suggestions reading a paper. tributary Tarauaca, which, turn, a tributary also Rio Jurua (70°15' W 7°30'S)"; listed on p. 7).

METHODS Lamontichthys filamentosa; P. de Miranda Ribeiro, 1939: 12

of 108 (type-species new genus); Gosline, 1945: (listed; The methods of and meristic taking morphometric Rio Jurua). data are the same as those employed in our recent Lamontichthys filamentosus;r; Fowler, 1954: 90, fig. 690 (references; figure from Zizka, in La Monte; Alto Ama- studies on Loricariinae, see e.g. Isbriicker & Nijs- zonas); Ovchynnyk, 1968: 258 (listed; eastern Ecuador, sen We follow based (1978: 180-182). 0rvig (1977, upper Amazon basin; on personal communication with

Isbrücker also 1967) in adopting the term "odontode" for G. Orcés); & Nijssen, 1976: 121-122 (discussion; Harttia filamentissima presumed to be conspecific). teeth-like structures occurring on dermal ossifica- Parasturisoma filamentosa; Boeseman, 1971: 6, 9, table 1 tions head and and fin covering body, on spines Harttia of (cited as filamentosa, type-species Lamontichthys, and considered a of Parasturisoma; rays. junior generic synonym morphometric data listed in table).

Harttia filamentissima C. H. Eigenmann & Allen, 1942: 211, P. de Miranda Ribeiro, 1939 Lamontichthys pl. VIII figs. 1-2 (original description; type-locality: Peru,

"Rio from also Huallaga"; paratype "Lago Cashiboya"; listed Lamontichthys P. de Miranda Ribeiro, 1939: 12 (original and Rio on p. 47 49); Fowler, 1945b: 109 (listed; Peru, diagnosis; type-species, by original designation and monotypy, Huallaga, Lago Cashiboya); Gosline, 1945: 108 (listed; Lamontichthys filamentosus (La Monte, 1935) = Harttia 88 Alto Huallaga e Ucayali); Fowler, 1954: (references; filamentosa La Monte, 1935). Amazonas, Peru); Tovar Serpa, 1967: 222 (listed; after

Fowler, 1945b); Ovchynnyk, 1968: 258 (listed; Ecuador, Diagnosis. — Lamontichthys belongs to the tribe Chicherota near mouth of Rio Bobonaza, tributary of Rio Harttiini of the Loricariinae. It is the subfamily Pastaza, Prov. Napo-Pastaza; USNM 177215).

Fig. 1. Lamontichthys filamentosus (La Monte, 1935), holotype in lateral view.

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Fig. 2. Lamontichthys filamentosus (La Monte, 1935), paratype in dorsal view.

table Ecuador: Parasturisoma filamentissima; Boeseman, 1971: 9, 1

(listed). USNM 167913 (two), si 71.7 and 167.3 mm, largest a

male; USNM 177215 (one, recorded as Harttia filamentis- Specimens examined. — sima by Ovchynnyk, 1968), si 154 mm, Prov. Pastaza, Ri'o

Bobonaza 02°25' S Amazonas system, Rio at Chicherota, Brazil : altitude 260-280 Rio 76°38'W, approximately m, upper

AMNH AMNH 12616 (holotype), si 142 mm, 26941 Pastaza, coll. R. Olalla, 1-1954.

Amazonas (paratype), si 161 mm, Est. Amazonas, Rio

— the of Rio of Rio Description. system, near mouth Envira, a tributary and meristic data in tables Tarauacâ, which itself is a tributary of Rio Jurua, at Morphometric are given coll. A. 07°30' S 70°15'W, B. Krukoff, 1934. here. Ia-b, Ila-h, and Ilia and are not repeated

General shape of body, head, and fins are illus-

Bolivia: trated in figs. 1-7. of in ZMA ZSM 23876 (six, one which is deposited The following description of the various scutes 111.205), si 120.7 to 133.8 mm, all males, Prov. Cocha- is based the available coll. mainly on largest specimen bamba, Rio Amazonas system, R!o Chapare drainage,

O. Schindler, XI-1953. (in USNM 167913), but it is representative of

the other specimens since there is only slight

Peru: variation.

of Harttia — Mediodorsal There is series CAS 28541, ex IU 15378 (holotype filamen- scutes. a complex

tissima), si 160 mm, maie, Prov. Loreto, Rio Amazonas of scutes stretching between the supraoccipital coll. W. CAS system, Rio Huallaga, R. Allen, XI-1920; and the dorsal fin around the IU of Harttia process spine, pos- 28542, ex 15379 (paratype filamentissima), Amazonas Lago terior the and the si 111.3 mm, Prov. Loreto, Rio system, margin of cranium posttemporal. lake of Rio with Cashiboya, cutoff Ucayali, communicating described Their arrangement can be as follows: which is the latter by a narrow channel, above Contamana, three small (1) a transverse pair of relatively 07° 19' S 75°04'W, coll. W. R. Allen, VIII-1920.

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in the is scutes, decreasing size ventrally, (2) two large, plexes: (1) Anterior to anus a complex of

unpaired scutes, reaching laterally a moderately relatively large but graded polygonal scutelets

the the large, polygonal scute, which itself reaches ven- which laterally extend to anterior base of

and reach last trally a much smaller polygonal scute, (3) a large, pelvic fin spine posteriorly the

broad predorsal scute which is firmly fused with a thoracic scutes, thus forming an inflexible plate. ( 2 )

is scute anteroventrolaterally extending into an Between the ventral part of the thoracic scutes a

oblong section, (4) an inconspicuous predorsal flexible complex of smaller, rhomboidal scutelets

scutelet in front of the dorsal fin spine base, just reaching to about the transverse line marked by

broader than this base. the posterior edge of the covered coracoid. In a

There are four scutes at either side of the dorsal transverse series there are about 5 such scutelets

in fin base, followed by a scute enclosing the dorsal posteriorly and about 8 anteriorly, whereas a

fin this there median base posteriorly. Posterior to are 20 series there are about 13. (3) Anterior to

"unpaired" mediodorsal scutes (each consisting of this second complex but not sharply defined, is the

and fol- third a medially firmly fused right left half), group, consisting of mostly smaller scutelets.

lowed by 2 transverse series of 3 small scutes, the These form an inflexible plate which covers part

the of the lateroposterior of which reaches the dorsal trian- of ventral part the head from outer

the caudal fin gular scute on base. medial margin of the lower lip to the lower lateral

— Posterior the In Medioventral scutes. to anus part of the exposed cleithrum. a juvenile in

there USNM the abdominal is a large plate consisting of two firmly fused I67913 (si 71.7 mm)

scutelets triangular scutes having a long transverse posterior are not completely developed, although

fin is in the in The base. In front of the base of the anal spine they are present same areas as adults.

the Harttia an oblong unpaired median scute reaching paratype of filamentissima (si 111.3 mm), large plate just mentioned, at either side contacted the second smallest specimen available, has the

by two oblong transverse scutes, continuing as two abdomen completely covered. other transversely arranged oblong scutes, which — Ventral head scutes. The ventral margin of the

reach the anal fin base. These are followed by an head consists of a rather broad ossified area.

Anterior the is oblong transverse scute enclosing the anal fin base to branchiostegal membrane a large,

Posterior "un- roundish almost the posteriorly. to this scute are 17 isolated plate reaching to

medioventral anterior the lower of the lower and This paired" scutes; to rictus upper lips. plate con-

caudal fin spine there are 3 minute median scute- tacts a patch of three oblong scutelets in a more or

with either side the less lets, at 2 small scutelets, pos- triangular arrangement.

Minute ossi- terior of which reaches the ventral triangular scute odontodes are present on dermal

the caudal fin base. fin and rather on fications, spines rays, giving a

— smooth the Lateral scutes. Posterior to the cleithrum are appearance to surface. The odontodes

the lateral scutes, linking the dorsal and ventral are generally acute, but those along the outer

scutes. Although faint fusion lines on the scutes spines of the paired fins in adult specimens (prob-

char- are visible under magnification, the lateral scutes ably not a secondary sexually dimorphic

other much sometimes broad appear to be extremely oblong compared to acter) are blunter, having a

Loricariinae, increasing in length from the poste- and roundish outline. These blunt odontodes are rior part of the cleithrum to the fifth lateral scute, yellowish tan, whereas the acute odontodes are and gradually decreasing in length from the sixth translucent.

Three coalesced to the last parallel scute. There is a small, coalescing rows of more prominent

naked the the triangular area (containing dorsally a bifur- odontodes are present on posterior edge of

of the lateral line cate canal system), just posterior lateral scutes. Those elsewhere on the body, head,

to the posttemporal and just dorsal to the first and fins (except for a few along the outer edge

lateral scute. of the marginal head scute anteroventral to the

— The Abdominal scutes. abdomen is completely operculum) are weaker. The lower row commences

covered with three first and scutelets, arranged into com- with the lateral scute and continues onto

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Fig. 3. Lamontichthys filamentosus (La Monte, 1935), paratype in lateral and ventral view.

includes the middle triangular scute on the caudal greatest diameter is 3-2 mm. Part of the left eye

fin base. The middle row commences with the seems to be covered with regenerated skin.

sixth lateral level with line minute scute at a a from the A pectoral pore is present just below

the The the of the cleithrum. No middle of eye. upper row commences ventroposterior tip pores

dorsal the head. There with the eleventh lateral scute, somewhat are visible on the dorsum of are

middle The three the of to the row. rows meet on only a few, weakly developed pores (some them

scute anterior to the last coalescing scute, run as at the distal parts of a bifurcate canal) situated on

two rows on the two last coalescing scutes, and the lateral scutes, at the level of the middle row

of the small continue as a single row posteriorly. odontodes, posterior to naked area.

There are no odontodes in a narrow area along side covered with Ventral of upper lip narrow, dorsal and anal fin bases, on the scutes posterior low Dorsum numerous small, papillae. of upper base last fin and the to the of the pelvic ray, on lip broad, reaching to tip of snout. This surface is "unpaired" mediodorsal and medioventral scutes, covered with numerous small, roundish and those the except for occurring just along posterior rhomboidal scutelets, which are rugose because of edge of each scute. of close-set odontodes. Lower the presence lip

semicircular in its ventral surface almost There are no orbital notches, the orbital rim shape, being almost round. The holotype of Harttia completely covered with small, low papillae,

left rim into minute filamentissima has an aberrant orbital developed fringe-like marginal ex-

rather in the Rictal (fig. 5), being triangular shape; its tensions, like those on upper lip. barbels

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detail of ventral Fig. 4. Lamontichthys filamentosus (La Monte, 1935), paratype, anterior part in view.

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extremely short and small, visible as a smooth until they have reached their functional position

teeth and with narrow line. The are long slender, a bifur-

for small Buccal cavity almost smooth, except a cated lobate tip (fig. lOa-c). They are very

triangular flap of skin lying medial to the inner numerous, irregularly arranged into two (crowd-

side of each and for the of and difficult to count The den- upper jaw, presence ed) rows exactly.

rather the tition is similar to that found in all inconspicuous papillae on gums beyond Harttiini,

the tooth bases. These papillae cover the narrow except for Metaloricaria paucidens Isbrücker, 1975

fleshy lamellae present in the jaws. Replacement and Metaloricaria nijsseni (Boeseman, 1976) (see

teeth gradually arise from between these lamellae, Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1978: 178). Like most species

Fig. 5. Lamontichthys filamentosus (La Monte, 1935), holotype of Harttia filamentissima C. H. Eigenmann & Allen, 1942, in dorsal, lateral and ventral view.

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the all Harttiini for of Loricariidae, except the two odontodes) on part of the dorsum of the pectoral

kind of fin species just mentioned, possess a peculiar spine. The largest specimen available (USNM

si is with devel- rasping dentition. 167913, 167.3 mm) a male fully

of Dorsum of and the Tip supraoccipital process acute. oped "bristles" following notes are based

of from eye with a narrow flap skin with pale pigment. on this specimen (fig. 7). The length the

Pupil partly covered dorsally with a small rounded ventroanteriorbase of the pectoral fin spine to the

from the iris. of the first branched is The flap originating tip ray 37.3 mm.

anterior odontodes occur at 13.8 mm from the is Lamontichthys filamentosus unique among ventroanterior base. The entire denticulate area is the Loricariinae for having its pectoral and dorsal 19.2 mm long, whereas the distal end of the spine fin spines with excessively filamentous extensions is naked distance from the at a of 5.9 mm tip of in similar (Pterosturisoma microps agrees having the first branched The bristled is covered ray. area dorsal like the pectoral, but no filaments), just with a layer of thick, slimy tissue forming a rather and lower caudal fin is upper spines (which a long shaft enclosing the base of the odontodes. condition found in several species of the sub- The long odontodes (about 3.3 mm long) look family Loricariinae). According to La Monte like translucent needles with the tip bending (1935: 5 ) : "The dorsal filament [of the holotype] slightly towards the head. The tip of these odon- reaches to beyond the base of the caudal; the todes is light yellowish in colour. pectoral filament reaches half the length of the The Harttia is holotype of filamentissima a male longest anal ray beyond the anal; the caudal having short (not completely developed) "nuptial filaments, on both lobes, are four times the length bristles" on the pectoral fin spine, covering an of the caudal broken longest rays [which are now 14 area mm long and commencing at about 13 mm off shortly from the base]." C. H. Eigenmann & from the base. The surface of the area covered with Allen (1942: 211) state for the holotype of these bristles is somewhat thicker than the sur- Harttia filamentissima: "Fins all large, the dorsal, rounding area. The longest (middle) bristles are the and caudal lobes with the first pectorals, ray about 0.6 mm long and are already somewhat call [which we 'spine', although none are spiny} curved towards the head. greatly prolonged; the dorsal filament 182 mm

long, longer than the exclusive of the caudal Colour in alcohol. — La Monte (1935: 5-6) de- caudal lobe with its filament lobes; lower 192 mm, scribed of fol- the colour pattern the holotype as the filament the filaments upper broken; pectoral lows: "Color in preservative light pinkish-brown reaching the antepenultimate scute; ventrals is on body; yellowish on head. There a slightly little anal..." reaching a beyond the base of the curved, darker band about two orbits wide running Like the filamentous extensions of the fins of from below the border of for- just posterior eye other species of the subfamily, those in Lamont- ward to below the rim of the snout. A round dark and break ichthys filamentosus are very fragile about orbit in lies in the spot an diameter center of factor for the off easily, a which accounts high the A dorsal behind occipital process. stripe begins of this character shown in variability tables pre- the dorsal base and runs down the dorsal series of senting the morphometric data. this is made in the scutes; up of a dark spot center The subsidiary branches of the fin rays all stem of each [altogether 11] pinkish plate-scute; a from one side of the main (anterior) branch, median longitudinal stripe begins in the middle of the except where subsidiary branches are very long under the and ithe body about dorsal origin runs and only a single dichotomous branching occurs down below the posterior base of the dorsal to As the distally. an example, we may record that the marginal scutes, and thence to the caudal base. dorsal fin in the of Lamont- second ray paratype The spine, filament, and first two and a half ichthys filamentosus has ten subsidiary branches. dorsal and their membranes blackish. rays are

Sexual dimorphism. — Nuptial males gradually Pectoral spine and filament are unmarked, light,

"bristles" of but there dots blotches the half of develop (consisting large, protuberant are or on upper

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Fig. 6. Lamontichthys filamentosus (La Monte, 1935), detail of holotype of Harttia filamentissima C. H. Eigenmann &

anal of the Allen, 1942, showing fin, branching rays.

the fin. The first branched anal is black. Caudal ment extends to the dorsal snout ray along margin

has and half the and in front of theorbital rims and nostrils. one a rays next outer black on below,

Dorsal fin and membrane both lobes." spine rays, including

The Bolivian specimens differ from all others in are pigmented with an even greyish brown, except

colour is well for rather roundish from base of pattern (which generally not quite a large, area

in the dorsal fin fourth to base of last and for preserved) notably having spine ray, except an un-

and membrane at and and two to three adjacent rays pigmented margin commencing running

mottled and faint down the ventral half the second with small, light tan blotches from of ray.

greyish brown pigment. Caudal fin base dark. Upper and lower three

Allen de- with dark brown C. H. Eigenmann & (1942: 211) rays pigment forming a some-

scribe their what ill-defined holotype having a "uniform sand longitudinal stripe.

colour", whereas they note for the paratype "a Dorsum of paired fins pigmented with even

dusky stripe along the middle of the back, behind brown, which is darker in the pectoral than in the

and the the dorsal, a dusky stripe along sides; pelvic fins.

similarly colored stripes on the dorsal, and within Anal fin with a large, roundish, unpigmented

The of basal The remainder of the for the outer rays of the caudal. . holotype area. fin, except

has the the and Harttia filamentissima now a greyish tan spine, outer part of first ray distal

ground colour with the unossified parts whitish. ends of second to last ray, pigmented with greyish

is the brown. There a very faint greyish pigment on

of the fin and the first The in USNM dorsum pectoral rays on juvenile 167913 (Ecuador)

dorsal fin The caudal fin is almost com- differs from the described in two rays. specimen just having

of Harttia the dorsal fin and pletely broken off. The paratype fila- spine, two adjacent rays mem-

and mentissima has a yellowish ground colour, no brane pigmented with dark brown, the remainder

pigmentation is visible. of the fin being unpigmented. The specimen in

brownish The largest specimen from Ecuador has a darker USNM 177215 has light pigment on its

the fin. Anal with tan ground colour, as compared to other ma- dorsal fin a light brownish pig-

terial. Faint, ill-defined, slightly darker brownish mentation forming a longitudinal streak on the

the dorsal fin first and second branched of pigment occurs on base, extending rays. Dorsum

and scutes. The branched and membrane of ventrally covering coalescing pig- rays pectoral and

5

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Fig. 7. Lamontichthys filamentosus (La Monte, 1935), detail of dorsum of pectoral fin spine, showing sexual dimorphism of

the male in USNM 167913, si 167.3 mm.

fins six Peru pelvic with light brownish pigment on pos- species), from Bolivia, two from (holo-

terior half except distal one-fifths of the length. type and paratype of Harttia filamentissima, col-

lected in different localities), and three specimens male Epizoic invertebrate associates. — In the six Ecuador from (fig. 14). As can be seen from both specimens from Bolivia (ZSM 23876, ZMA the above description and from the tabulated 111.205), the dorsum of each pectoral fin is is morphometric and meristic data, there a great four and of occupied by one to larval pupal stages variability in several characters. With the small a chironomid, possibly Ichthyocladius neotropicus number of specimens from each of these few Fittkau, 1974 (Diptera, , Orthocla- localities in mind, and considering the lack of The larvae dwell the branched diinae). on rays, material from connecting areas, it is impossible to whereas the attached to the base of pupae are a interprète the significance of the various differen- needle-like odontode the occurring only on pec- ces. Only when more samples will become available, their toral fin spine, small, brown cocoon spun a better judgement might be possible, as to whether close to, or touching, the slimy shaft. If our material consists our of a single, phenotypically be it is tentative identification proves to correct, variable species, or represents a polytypic species. the first record of the of presence Ichthyocladius In the our opinion, differences seem too small to of the Loricariinae. on a representative subfamily If recognize the various samples as distinct species. Previously, this was known only from An- one regards Harttia filamentissima as specifically cistrinae and Hypostominae (other subfamilies of or subspecifically distinct from Lamontichthys the Loricariidae), and from Astroblepidae (Frei- filamentosus, then the Bolivian specimens likewise hofer & Neil, 1967; Fittkau, 1974). Both the should sub- be regarded as a separate species or places of attachment to the host, and the geograph- species. ical distribution with (circum-Amazonian) agree

those described by these authors. Lamontichthys stibaros new species

(Figs. 8-9, 10d, 14; tables Ic, Ili-j, Illb) Discussion. — In addition to the two specimens

described below as Lamontichthys stibaros, we Specimens examined. —

the thirteen other of assign known specimens Ecuador:

Lamontichthys (all originating from localities USNM 167914 (holotype), si 242 mm, USNM 217423 Amazonas si within the Rio system) to Lamontich- (paratype), 213.3 mm, Prov. Pastaza, Rio Amazonas

Rio Bobonaza at Chicherota, 02°25'S 76°38'W, We examined system, thys filamentosus. have two spec- altitude 260-280 R!o coll. approximately m, upper Pastaza, imens from Brazil and of the (holotype paratype R. Olalla, 1-1954.

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stibaros in and ventral view. Fig. 8. Lamontichthys n. sp., holotype dorsal, lateral,

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— The former lateral Description. species has 34 scutes, a

condition found also in one specimen of the latter Morphometric and meristic data are given in tables

and here. species, which otherwise has 32 or 33 lateral scutes. le, Ili-j, and Illb, are not repeated sexual visible in General and fins illus- Secondary dimorphism is not shape of body, head, are the two specimens. trated in fig. 8.

The holotype and paratype of this species have

Colour in alcohol. — Ground colour of ossified standard of 242.0 and lengths 213.3 mm, respect- parts (including fins) medium greyish tan dor- thus 74.7 and ively (table II), are 46 mm longer sally, yellowish tan ventrally; unossified parts than the largest known specimen of Lamontichthys whitish. filamentosus. The structure and distribution of the Mediodorsal "unpaired" scutes posterior to base scutes are essentially similar in both species. How- of last dorsal fin with double of rather ray a series stibaros shows ever, Lamontichthys more con- dark brown inconspicuous, small, patches, one at lines of the spicuous fusion on some more promi- either side of the midline near the free margin of nent scutes (viz., anterior to the two unpaired 14 subsequent scutes. These markings consist of between predorsal scutes, just anterior to anus, and short line a very or triangle. anus and unpaired preanal scute). Fins almost completely plain, except for some Lamontichthys stibaros has the lower lip in a brown dorsum indefinite pigment on of pectoral somewhat (transversely) semi-oval, rather than in fin membrane between first and third ray. a semicircular shape. The paratype has a dark brown, short line on the Fortunately, the tips of dorsal and pectoral fins of the first dorsal fin artificial tip ray, doubtless an are undamaged in the two specimens, showing stain in of (both specimens are a perfect state definitely no filamentous extensions as in Lamont- preservation). ichthys filamentosus (although the tips reach

usual somewhat further than the adjacent as — The ray, Etymology. trivial name is derived from in Loricariinae). Thus, the figures representing the Greek cmßapoc meaning strong, sturdy. It is ratios standard divided dorsal length by spine allusion the robust of this an to more appearance of first dorsal and length (and by length ray), by when species compared to Lamontichthys filamen- II and indicate pectoral spine length (tables III) tosus.

that these are much shorter than the same in

Discussion. Lamontichthys filamentosus (in which species the — Ovchynnyk (1968: 258), in his list

the tips are often damaged, thus obscuring the extent of freshwater of Ecuador, records two

of this difference). nominal species: Harttia filamentissima and La-

lower caudal fin list Upper and spines are probably montichthys filamentosus. We both as refer-

the lower caudal fin filamentous. Only spine of ences to a single species, under Lamontichthys

On We have re-examined the holotype bears a (damaged) filament. filamentosus. Ovchynnyk's

unpacking the two specimens, two pieces of caudal specimen of Harttia filamentissima (as well as

filament, 61.2 and 153.2 mm long, were found. two specimens collected at the same time and in the

It is to whether these which bear also the impossible say fragments are same locality, same identifica-

and from a single filament, from a single specimen, or tion), found them to represent Lamontichthys

from either the the fin lobe. We encountered upperor lower caudal filamentosus. have not specimens

In Lamontichthys stibaros the interorbital is identified as Lamontichthys filamentosus, indi-

that in adult narrower than Lamontichthys fila- cated by Ovchynnyk as from "Eastern Ecuador,

Loricariinae known to have Amazon basin G. informa- mentosus; some are an upper (Dr. Orces'

interorbital in width with and but it is that this record increasing age, tion)", possible pertains

the of de- therefore, narrow interorbital Lamontichthys to Lamontichthys stibaros. The specimens we

stibaros is another indication of distinction. stibaros specific scribe as Lamontichthys were previously

stibaros has 19 to 21 identified Lamontichthys coalescing (on label) simply as Harttia (the person

scutes 14 to 18 in for this identification is not against Lamontichthystosus. filamen- responsible stated).

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ventral view. Fig. 9. Lamontichthys stibaros n. sp., detail of holotype, anterior part in

That is have not indicated why we Lamontichthys shares the peculiar filamentous extensions of the filamentosus sensu Ovchynnyk as a likely previous pectoral fin spine with Lamontichthys filamen- record of the second Ecuadorian of Lamont- species tosus. However, Pterosturisoma has six branched

fin in in ichthys. pectoral rays (seven Lamontichthys), as

The differences between fila- all other of Harttiini. Pterosturisoma has Lamontichthys genera mentosus and stibaros in the rela- the dorsal fin with last its Lamontichthys 1,6 rays, one split to tive dimensions of the maximal orbital diameter anal with last its base; fin 1,4 rays, one split to and cleithral width, and in the number of teeth, fin with fin with base; pectoral 1,6 rays; pelvic

indicate additional distinctions. and caudal fin with may specific They 1,5 rays; 1,12,1 rays (the para-

also be either a function of or may size, simply type in CAS 28544, si 156.5 mm, is aberrant in indicate individual variation. stiba- Lamontichthys having the caudal fin with 1,13,1 rays).

found to be with ros was sympatric Lamontichthys Pores of the lateral line well-developed. Dorsum filamentosus. of cleithrum narrow. Median predorsal scutes

with a horizontal flattening.

Pterosturisoma new genus

Etymology. — Pterosturisoma is derived from the Type-species: Pterosturisoma microps (C. H. Eigenmann & Greek 7nrspóv feather, and Allen, 1942) = Harttia microps C. H. & Allen, meaning wing, Eigenmann (

1942. from Sturisoma the earliest established of , genus

Diagnosis. — Pterosturisoma resembles Lamont- Harttiini, and alludes to the large fins of its only ichthys in general body and head shape, and known species.

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Discussion. -— Together with the proposal of his transferred Parasturisoma maculata Boeseman,

Boeseman Harttia. After examination the subfamily Harttiinae, (1971: 9) pre- 1971, to of type-

of the sented an almost complete enumeration specimens of species described originally as (1)

nominal he to four of the five species assigned Loricaria platystoma Günther, 1868, (2) Oxylori-

he in- caria and Parasturi- genera (the exception being ) fowleri Pellegrin, 1908, (3)

in Two referred cluded that taxon. species are to soma maculata Boeseman, 1971, we conclude that

Harttiella, six to Harttia, nine to Parasturisoma, these are congeneric. Boeseman (loc. cit.) also

and thirteen to Sturisoma. Unfortunately, the value examined these specimens, but refers O. fowleri to

of Boeseman' towards and other s attempts improvement of Harttia, the two species to Parasturi-

the classification of these fishes is greatly diminish- soma.

ed by his reliance on previously published data The species of the tribe Harttiini not treated

instead of direct examination of of specimens. here, are presently subject a revision in prepara-

As stated consider the of tion the first author. In the above, we type-species by present paper we

Loricaria the genus Parasturisoma as a representative of assign platystoma, Oxyloricaria fowleri,

Sturisoma, thus the former becomes a subjective and Parasturisoma maculata to Harttia. We also

of the latter. within the junior synonym provisionally retain Sturisoma re-

In the have Lamont- three that Boeseman present paper we adopted maining species assigned to

the valid the Parasturisoma ichthys as generic name for two species genus (three species originally

treated as of the in the Sturisoma (one being a junior synonym placed genus Oxyloricaria) :

other) included in Parasturisoma by Boeseman, tamanae (Regan, 1912), Sturisoma leightoni

and establish for another and Sturisoma we a new genus species (Regan, 1912), citurense (Meek &

referred to Parasturisoma by Boeseman. This action Hildebrand, 1913).

means that five other species assigned to Parasturi- Boeseman inadvertently demonstrates his dif-

soma by Boeseman must be generically re-allocated. ficulty in separating Parasturisoma from Harttia,

Isbriicker (1975: 9, fig- 4h), without comment, for one of the paratypes of Harttia surinamensis

Fig. 10. Profiles of a tooth from the right lower jaw of a) Lamontichthys filamentosus, paratype; b) Lamontichthys filamen-

of Harttia USNM tosus, holotype filamentissima; c) Lamontichthys filamentosus, 177215; d) Lamontichthys stibaros, para-

type; e) Pterosturisoma microps, lectotype; f) Sturisoma brevirostre, holotype.

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101.726 the whereas Boeseman, 1971 (ZMA 110.726, not as and reaching pores of the lateral line,

of such published), actually represents Harttia maculata the third scute is likewise fused with two

the (Boeseman, 1971). The specimen was collected oblong scutes (more strongly with posterior

with than with the anterior these together 14 conspecifics designated as para- of two). Five scutes

Harttia Kamaloea Sama- this entire reach the dorsal fin types of maculata from or posterior to complex

loea Creek and this base. These (ZMA 106.522) was separated base, a subsequent scute enclosing

“Harttia the dorsal fin base and with an inside label in Boeseman's hand: six scutes touch gradually surinamensis increase in width to continue as n. sp. (exceptionally pointed snout)." posteriorly, (me-

lateral the dorsal like those in It has a depression about anterior part dianly strongly fused) scutes

caudal of the peduncle, slightly more pronounced Lamontichthys.

than is usual for Harttia maculata, and it seems — Lateral scutes. Much like those in Lamont-

while it of well- that this misled Boeseman identifying (see ichthys, except for the presence more

lateral line somewhat fig. 1 in Boeseman, 1971). developed pores; more

fusion lines indicate dorsal and clearly visible a a Pterosturisoma microps H. & (C. Eigenmann ventral section, and a faint curve on the first to Allen, 1942) twelfth scute is present just dorsal to the lateral tables (Figs. 10e, 11, 14; Id-e, Ilk-m, IIIc) line the the clei- pores (counting one posterior to

thrum the Harttia microps C. H. Eigenmann & Allen, 1942: 211-212, as first). pl. VIII figs. 3-4, pl. IX fig. 1 (original description; type- — Abdominal scutes. Essentially the same as in also listed Lower Ma- locality: Peru, "Iquitos"; on p. 44, for slightly larger ranon); Fowler, 1945b: 109 (listed; Peru, Iquitos); Gosline, Lamontichthys, except being 1945: 108 (listed; Iquitos); Fowler, 1954: 89 (references; (and therefore somewhat less numerous). Alto Tovar 1967: 222 Amazonas, Peru); Serpa, (listed Odontodes all ossifica- are present on dermal twice, after Fowler, 1945b). tions, fin spines and and occupying the entire Parasturisoma microps; Boeseman, 1971: 9, table 1 (listed; rays, morphometric characters). dorsal and ventral part of the body. Theodontodes

smooth are rather inconspicuous, giving a Specimens examined. — appear-

ance to the entire surface. There are two rows of Peru:

the slightly more conspicuous odontodes, viz., on CAS 28543 ("type"/lectotype, by present designation; ex

ITJ 15380), si 161 mm, CAS 28544 (one "type"/para- area where the lateral scutes bend dorsally, a row

and si 141 and lectotype, one paratype, both ex IU 15380), last continues onto the coalescing scute, and a 03°51'S 156.5 mm, respectively, Prov. Loreto, Iquitos, second row marks the ventral side of the 73°13'W, left bank of Rio Amazonas, about 2300 miles coalescing

100 both continue the lateral from its mouth, and less than miles from the Brazilian scutes; rows on parallel border, coll. W. R. Allen, IX-1920. scutes to reach the caudal fin base.

Orbital rim circular. Description. —

and meristic data in tables A minute is Pores of the Morphometric are given pectoral pore present.

and and Id-e, Ilk-m, IIIc, and are not repeated here. lateral line are relatively well-developed con-

sist of tubes the General shape of body, head, and fins are illus- bifurcate on coalescing scutes trated in which continue fig. 11. as quite inconspicuous pores along

Considering the great resemblance with La- the parallel lateral scutes, just posterior to the more montichthys filamentosus, only those characters in prominent odontodes. which Pterosturisoma microps differs from that The morphology of the lips and rictal barbels, as

is similar in species are given in the following description. well as of the buccal cavity to that

— Mediodorsal scutes. and Supraoccipital process Lamontichthys filamentosus. dorsoposterior rim of posttemporal are fused with Teeth essentially the same as in Lamontichthys

but in an obliquely arranged row of three small anterior (fig. 10e), arranged a single row, and mediodorsal followed three fewer in number than in that scutes, by unpaired relatively genus.

somewhat in size of predorsal scutes, increasing pos- Tip supraoccipital process moderately acute,

The second of these is connected blunt. in teriorly. scutes or Eye very small, our material withdrawn with an oblong scute, obliquely running forward below orbital rim.

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Fig. 11. Pterosturisoma microps (C. H. Eigenmann & Allen, 1942), lectotype in dorsal, lateral, and ventral view.

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fin with is IX Pectoral spine an excessively long, apparently the one illustrated on pl. (a

filamentous extension. Dorsal fin spine hardly drawing) in C. H. Eigenmann & Allen (also this

than not filamentous. C. H. is indicated, now more to be longer adjacent ray, specimen correctly,

the end of fin Eigenmann & Allen (1942: 212) describe 150 mm to middle caudal rays),

caudal = "... the the illustration is not outer rays ( spines) as prolonged, although individually recog-

much than the lower nizable as are the No Allen upper longer (310 mm) (85 photographs. doubt, that illus- mm) in the specimen 150 mm long . . ." (si 141 overlooked he used two specimens for

measured both of them = mm, as we this specimen ). tration, presenting as "type" (

of fin described above for since he also Branching rays as holotype, distinguished paratypes).

An is of the Lamontichthys filamentosus. incorrect length given for one spec-

imens and which Secondary sexually dimorphic characters are not a single register number, includes

visible in the type-specimens. the paratypes. Subsequently, the specimen bearing

the indication "figured" (i.e., the smaller one)

Colour in alcohol. — C. H. Eigenmann & Allen was recatalogued as the holotype in CAS, but we

think it that (1942: 212) describe the colour as: "Dusky; outer more appropriate to regard specimen

and ends of middle caudal the lobes which is rays rays light, individually recognizable (left pectoral

of the the caudal black; a pair of light spots at fin filament partly broken, shape of cut in belly)

the bases continuous or not with the light margin of as primary type.

fins uniform the Two could neither be located in the middle rays; other dark, outer paratypes CAS,

the colour of and in FMNH. Miss P. Sonoda 12-XII- rays lighter." Now, ground body nor (in litt.,

informed "I we'll have head is evenly light brown, except for a pale 1977) us: guess to say they

yellowish brown ventral part of the body anterior are lost."

of Pterosturisoma to the anal fin origin. Dorsal, anal, pectoral, and Recognition microps as a

fins coloured the of the Harttia raises the pelvic are evenly (except for species genus unavoidably

dorsal in and whether Harttia is different from Sturi- fin some specimens) somewhat question

darker brown than body and head; spine of each soma, since Pterosturisoma microps shares certain

characters with both. In fin somewhat lighter than remainder of the fin. our opinion, Harttia,

fin and Triangular scutes on caudal base and sur- Pterosturisoma, Sturisoma represent three

fin and membrane darker brown distinct related rounding rays are though closely genera. Considering

than and lower Harttia and Sturisoma would body head. The two upper and as a single genus branched caudal fin have dark brown reflect unnatural classification within the tribe rays a long, an

from the and which now consists of the streak, separated pigmented area on Harttiini, genera around the caudal scutelets by unpigmented, Sturisoma Swainson, 1838 (syn.: Oxyloricaria

and A. whitish pale areas. Some dark brown pigment Bleeker, 1862, Parasturisoma de Miranda

connecting the dorsal and ventral streaks on the Ribeiro, 1911), Lamontichthys P. de Miranda

caudal fin is Pterosturisoma Harttia occasionally present. Ribeiro, 1939, n. gen.,

Steindachner, 1876a, Harttiella Boeseman, 1971,

Discussion. — C. H. Eigenmann & Allen (1942: and Metaloricaria Isbrücker, 1975.

211) state: "[IU] 15380, 5, type and paratypes,

150-174 to end of middle caudal mm rays, Iquitos, Sturisoma Swainson, 1838

Allen, September, 1920." The specimen illustrated Sturisoma Swainson, 1838: 337 (proposal of a new generic on their pl. VIII figs. 3 and 4 (photographs) is name; type-species, by monotypy, Sturisoma rostratum (Spix, indicated as: “Harttia microps Eigenmann & in Spix & Agassiz, 1829) = Loricaria rostrata Spix, in Spix also discussed This & Agassiz, 1829; on p. 335, 338 & 357); 150 . Allen, sp. nov. 15380, type, mm,. Swainson, 1839: 189 (discussion), 304 (diagnosis). is 161 mm in si and 173 specimen, however, mm 1862: Oxyloricaria Bleeker, 3 (original diagnosis; type- to end of middle caudal fin The of rays. specimen species, by original designation and monotypy, Oxyloricaria

barbata = = 141 si (Kner, 1854) Loricaria barbata Kner, 1854 [ mm (152 mm to end of middle caudal fin Sturisoma barbatum (Kner, 1854))). rays) bears the indication "figured" on a label, and Parasturisoma A. de Miranda Ribeiro, 1911: 109 (original

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and diagnosis; type-species, by original designation monotypy, Sturisoma brevirostre (C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Parasturisoma brevirostris (C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigen- Eigenmann, 1889) mann, 1889) = Loricaria' ' (Rineloricaria) brevirostris C. H. lOf, 12-13, 14; tables If, Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889 [= Sturisoma (Figs. Iln)

brevirostre (C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889)]).

Discussion. include the Loricaria brevirostris C. H. & R. S. — We some notes on Eigenmann Eigenmann,

1889: 35 (original description; type-locality: "Iça"; in sub- Sturisoma here to the genus primarily emphasize C. H. R. S. genus Rineloricaria)I ; Eigenmann & Eigenmann, correct of the of generic assignment type-species 1890: 367-368 of in in (description holotype; key on p. 362, Parasturisoma. Isbriicker & Nijssen (1974: 68; subgenus Rineloricaria) ; C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigen-

mann, 1891: 39 (listed; Iça; in subgenus Rineloricaria). 1978: 178), after having studied the holotype of Oxyloricaria brevirostris; Regan, 1904: 299 (description, the type-species, this with synonymyzed genus after C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Higenmann; Iça, Peru; in

We here the distributional table on on Sturisoma without comment. provide p. 197; in key p. 297).

Harttia brevirostris; C. H. Eigenmann, 1910: 415 (listed; references pertaining to Sturisoma brevirostre, Iça); C. H. Eigenmann & Allen, 1942: 212 (listed; refer- relevant illustrations, and a of its holo- description ences; "Iça", Peru); Fowler, 1945a: 128 (comparison with

Harttia also named Loricaria brevirostris and type and, until now, only known specimen, thus caquetae; misspelled as H. breviorstris); Fowler, 1945b: 109 (listed; illustrating the characters which distinguish Sturi- Peru, lea); Tovar Serpa, 1967: 222 (listed; after Fowler, from and Pterosturisoma. soma Lamontichthys 1945b).

Fig. 12. Sturisoma brevirostre (C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889), holotype in dorsal, lateral, and ventral view.

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Parasturisoma brevirostris; A. de Miranda Ribeiro, 1911: 109 coalescing ridges of odontodes, the latter are

(type-species of new genus; description, translated from C. Pectoral usually bifurcate. pore not observed. references listed H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann; Içâ; on reminiscent of those in Lamont- p. 425); Gosline, 1945: 110 (listed; Içâ, Peru); Fowler, Lips papillose,

110-111 1954: (references; Alto Amazonas, Peru) ; Boeseman, ichthys and Pterosturisoma for the , except pres-

1971: table 1 (note; listed, with a char- 10, morphometric of rictal that ence barbels (devoid of papillae) are cited Loricaria brevirostris, acter; on p. 5, as being type- than in these Lower species of Parasturisoma). relatively longer genera. lip

the in the semicircular, edge, as upper lip, nearly

Specimen examined. — smooth. Dorsum of upper lip (anteriorly reaching Brazil: to posterior edge of ventrorostrum) covered with 207 MCZ 8095 (holotype), si mm, said to be a male, Est. mosaic a close-set of rugose, rhomboidal and Amazonas, Rio Amazonas system, Rio Içâ, a tributary of roundish scutelets. Rio Solimöes, lower course of Rio Putumayo, coll. W.

between and James [& Mr. Talisman], 17-IX 16-X-1865 Buccal cavity similar to that in Lamontichthys (Thayer Expedition). and Pterosturisoma.

Description. — The dentition of this specimen is rather badly

meristic in Morphometric and data are given tables damaged : the number of teeth must originally have

If and and here. Iln, are not repeated General been much higher than the number we counted.

and fins in and size those shape of body, head, are illustrated Shape of teeth (fig. lOf) similar to

fig. 12. in Lamontichthys and Pterosturisoma.

fins Mediodorsal scutes anteriorly well fused with Shape and dimensions of the are like those

and lateral of the blunt in other of Sturisoma. of dorsal fin posterior margin supra- species Tips

otherwise similar to and but occipital process, essentially spine some adjacent rays distally broken,

those in Pterosturisoma microps. The lateral scutes the spine is in living specimens probably without

resemble those of the latter species as well; how- an excessively filamentous extension. C. H. Eigen-

do have ever, they not a bend dorsal to the lateral mann & R. S. Eigenmann (1889: 35; 1890: 368)

line = as in that are rounded in "First dorsal in pores species; they simply state: ray [ spine our

transverse section. The abdominal scutes and those terminology} longer than the head." Branching of

to the of the lower the fin far posterior margin lip (ventral rays (as as can be observed) identical

head scutes) are comparable to those in Lamont- to that in Lamontichthys and Pterosturisoma.

ichthys and Pterosturisoma for , except being

much — larger and therefore much less numerous: Colour in alcohol. The authors of this species

three four in series be- to are present a transverse (loc. cit.) describe only: "Rays of the dorsal and tween -the thoracic scutes along the base of the caudal faintly spotted, other fins plain." These

pectoral fin spine. brownish spots are still visible. However, the

all dermal Odontodes are present on ossifi- original colour pattern has faded considerably: the

cations (including mediodorsal and medioventral dorsum of head and body is greyish brown tan.

scutes posterior to the base of dorsal and anal fin, respectively); they are generally minute and in- Discussion. — There is a controversy in the records

smooth to the the of Sturisoma brevi- conspicuous, giving a appearance referring to type-locality entire surface. A double row of slightly more con- rostre. C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann

spicuous odontodes mark the coalescing scutes, and (1889: 35; 1890: 367; 1891: 39) simply stated

the run parallel along remaining lateral scutes. The "Iça" as the type-locality, and "James" or "W.

the the and odontodes along margin of snout on James" as the collector of the holotype. In their

the outer of the fin are also work of included and edge pectoral spine 1890, they a map, a geo- slightly more prominent than the others. graphical index (: 487-494), in which they refer

Orbital rim circular, raised, to the of Professor and Mrs. dorsally slightly .. pages Agassiz's without notch. covered 'A in where the is a Pupil by a very small, Journal Brazil', given locality

rounded discussed." On the indicate the "R. ventrally flap. map, they Iça" canals Sensory present on head and between at a spot well back about the Peruvian/Colombian

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Fig. 13. Sturisoma brevirostre (C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889), detail of holotype, anterior part in ventral view.

where this is the border, part of the river actually being just a continuation of former, before known the Rio On is into the Rio and after- as Putumayo. p. 490, Iça flowing Solimôes], or Iça,

in = Santo listed, and reference is made to p. 201 Agassiz wards to the Hyutahy [ Rio Jutax, between

& 1868. In their of the Natha- Antonio do and F02 do Agassiz, itinerary Iça Jutai] . .continuing niel Thayer Expedition, these latter authors dis- (: 208-209): .. [we] dropped Mr. James and cussed (Agassiz & Agassiz, 1868: 201) the in- Mr. Talisman last evening at San Paulo [ = Sâo tention of Mr. and Mr. Talis- Paulo de 03°34'S where . . sending James Olivença, 68°55'W],

the river Indians man to Putumayo [a river along the they are to get a canoe and for their further border between Peru and Colombia, lower Rio journey to the Iça." (see also Dick, 1977: 7, and

flows into Rio the latter 241 Putumayo upper Içâ, 36, fig. 10). They state on p. (October 17th,

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TABLE I at which Allen collected]. Also a locality where

made collections were by W. not deter- Morphometric data in mm to the nearest tenth, and meristic James,

data of the primary type-specimens of a) Lamontichthys mined." filamentosus, holotype; b) Harttia filamentissima, holotype; c) Lamontichthys stibaros, holotype; d) Pterosturisoma Both the original and the almost identical sub-

microps, lectotype; f) Sturisoma brevirostre, holotype; and sequent description of the holotype (and still only the same data of e) Pterosturisoma microps, paralectotype. known specimen) by C. H. Eigenmann & R. S.

a b c d specimen e f Eigenmann (1889; 1890), record this specimen mature male - + - - - ?

160.0 141.0 male. C. H. R. S. standard length 142.0 242.0 161.0 207.0 being a Eigenmann & Eigenmann

axial length - - 258.2 173.0 152.0 - (1889: 35, 1890: 368) describe the "Margin of total length - - >365.0 - - - with in head length 26.4 26.3 42.6 30.1 26.2 40.1 (the) head minute, movable bristles.", and

predorsal length 41.1 43.2 69.5 49.7 44.1 68.0 their key (1890: 362, couplet e (keying out to postdorsal length 89.6 107.1 158.9 96.6 85.2 122.5 their Rineloricaria is stated: of postanal length 76.3 91.0 130.9 83.6 73.4 103.8 subgenus ) "Margin

dorsal length >45.0 >118.8 68.5 49.4 >44.6 spine 40.5 the head in males with numerous bristles, which

first dorsal ray >54.4 55.4 61.6 45.2 38.4 >41.6 are minute in brevirostris; . .We find it anal spine length 34.2 36.7 48.0 39.2 34.4 39.5 very pectoral spine length 68.9 131.0 59.8 143.0 124.0 41.5 hard to determine the holotype of Sturisoma pelvic spine length 29.9 30.0 48.8 30.4 26.0 36.6 brevirostre male the basis of the as a on develop- caudal ------upper spine

lower caudal spine - - 125.0 - - - mental stage of enlarged odontodes, or bristles. It

snout length 16.3 15.8 26.4 17.7 15.2 22.7 is that this lost the odon- - possible specimen longer ventrorostral length - - - - 5.1

lower lip 3.8 4.4 5.6 3.5 3.4 3.3

thoracic length 24.6 24.4 37.4 24.4 19.9 35.6

abdominal length 20.2 23.3 38.2 25.1 22.2 31.8

max. orbital diameter 4.4 4.2 5.6 2.7 2.2 6.5 interorbital width 8.8 8.8 12.4 7.4 6.7 12.0

cleithral width 28.0 29.8 43.9 28.0 24.8 29.5

supra-cleithral width 20.7 21.2 31.6 21.4 18.5 24.4 head width 26.5 27.6 42.6 27.1 23.5 28.7 head depth 13.6 14.1 23.2 15.1 13.1 17.2

at 20.1 16.8 body depth dorsal 18.7 20.5 28.6 21.0 body width at dorsal 23.2 24.6 36.9 25.8 22.7 27.7 body width at anal 19.4 19.8 29.9 25.0 22.2 24.7

depth caudal peduncle 2.5 2.4 4.0 2.4 2.1 2.8

width caudal peduncle 3.1 4.1 5.8 5.9 5.1 6.9

rictal barbel - - - - - 5.1

lateral scutes 33/33 32/32 34/34 35/35 35/35 36/35

coalescing scutes 16/16 16/15 19/20 17/18 18/18 20/21

thoracic scutes 8/8 8/9 9/9 7/8 7/6 7/9

>17/>19 teeth upper jaws -65/60 -75/75 79/86 -42/50 ?/-55

teeth lower jaws -65/48 -60/60 82/77 -45/47 - >12/>7

1865): "...Mr. James and Mr. Talisman, re-

turned from their canoe expedition on the rivers

Iça and Hyutahy, bringing most valuable col-

lections."

Regan (1904: 299) interpreted the type-locality

as "Iça, Peru." In Peru, there is a "Departamento"

named lea, in which the place lea (14°05' S

75°43' W) is situated along the Rio lea. Another

source of confusion is published by C. H. Eigen-

mann & Allen (1942: 212) when recording the

locality as: "«Iça» probably a finca [Spanish for

In their country-seat]." ichthyological gazetteer, Fig. 14. Collecting localities of Lamontichthys filamentosus these authors (1942: 74) describe: "Iça: hacienda (cross), Lamontichthys stibaros (open circle), Pterosturisoma microps (black spot), and Sturisoma brevirostre (triangle). T [farm], soapworks, and chalet of Senor Layet, indicates the type-locality of Lamontichthys filamentosus, 4-5 km from left bank Rio Iquitos, Itaya [locality t that of Harttia filamentissima.

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TABLE II

Morphometric data (head length through lower caudal spine expressed as ratios of standard length, snout length

through rictal barbel expressed as ratios of head length) and meristic data of Lamontichthys filamentosus (a-h), Lamontichthys

stibaros (i-j), Pterosturisoma microps (k-m), and Sturisoma brevirostre (n). a) holotype; b) paratype; c) six specimens

from of f Bolivia, ZSM 23876, ZMA 111.205; d) holotype Harttia filamentissima;e) paratype of Harttia filamentissima; and

h) specimens from Ecuador, USNM 16713; g) specimen from Ecuador, USNM 177215; i) holotype; j) paratype; k) lectotype;

l) paral ectotype; m) paratype; n) holotype.

specimen(s) a b c d e f g h i j k 1 m n

mature male - - + + - - - 7 (s) 6 - - - - -

standard length (mm) 142.0 161.0 120.7-133.8 160.0 111.3 71.7 154.0 167.3 242.0 213.3 161.0 141.0 156.5 207.0

axial (ran) - 172.9 - - - - 258.2 173.0 170.0 length 119.4 - - 152.0 -

total 226.0 - - - length (ran) - - - - >365.0 - - - - -

head length 5.4 5.7 5.0-5.4 6.1 5.5 5.3 6.1 5.9 5.7 5.9 5.3 5.4 5.1 5.2

3.2-3.5 predorsal length 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0

1.6 1.6 1.6-1.7 postdorsal length 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

1.9 postanal length 1.8 1.9-2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0

dorsal spine length <3.2 <2.8 <2.5-<3.0 <1.3 - - <3.1 <2.8 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.5 <4.6

<2.6 3.3 first dorsal 3.0-3.4 - ray 2.9 2.9 <3.2 3.1 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 <5.0

anal spine length 4.2 4.9 4.1-5.0 4.4 4.0 4.3 4.3 <4.7 5.0 4.7 4.1 4.1 4.2 5.2

2.1 1.9 1.8-<2.7 pectoral spine length 1.2 <2.1 <2.7 - 2.1 4.0 4.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 5.0

5.3 4.8-5.3 pelvic spine length 4.7 5.3 4.7 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.3 5.4 5.0 5.7

caudal spine - - - upper ------

louer caudal - 2.5 - spine - - - - - 1.9 - - - - -

snout length 1.6 1.7 1.6-1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8

ventrorostral - length ------7.9

lower lip 6.9 6.7 6.0-8.6 6.0 5.6 5.6 7.8 7.3 7.6 7.5 8.6 7.7 7.7 12.2

thoracic 1.1 1.1 1.1 length 1.0-1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.1

1.3 1.3 abdominal length 1.2-1.3 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3

max. orbital diameter 6.0 6.0 5.8-6.4 6.3 6.3 5.6 5.6 5.7 7.6 6.9 11.1 11.9 12.8 6.2

interorbital width 3.0 3.0 2.8-3.1 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.4 4.1 3.9 4.2 3.3

0.9 0.9 0.9-1.0 cleithral width 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4

width 1.3 1.3 supra-cleithral 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6

head width 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4

head depth 1.9 1.8 1.9-2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.3 body dorsal 1.4 1.3 1.4-1.6 depth at 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.9

width dorsal 1.1 1.1 1.1-1.2 body at 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.5

at anal 1.4 1.3 1.3 body width 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.6

caudal 10.6 9.1 11.1-13.1 11.0 depth peduncle 10.6 12.3 10.9 9.8 10.7 10.3 12.5 12.5 12.8 14.3 width caudal peduncle 8.5 6.4 6.0-6.7 6.4 5.8 7.9 6.4 6.2 7.3 6.6 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.8

- rictal barbel ------_ _ _ - - 7.9 _ lateral scutes 33/33 34/34 33/33 32/32 33/32 33/33 32/32 33/33 34/34 34/34 35/35 35/35 35/35 36/35

16/16 coalescing scutes 17/17 17-18/16-18 16/15 16/16 17/16 14/14 16/17 19/20 19/21 17/18 18/18 17/17 20/21

scutes thoracic 8/8 8/7 7-10/ 7-10 8/9 9/8 9/8 7/8 10/10 9/9 10/9 7/8 7/6 7/7 7/9

teeth upper jaws -65/60 -70/70 - - -75/75 46/48 55/53 - 79/86 -42/50 ?/—55 >17/>19 -77/80 -46/45 teeth lower -65/48 - - - 86/84 - jaws -60/60 -60/60 -40/- -45/45 82/77 -45/47 -46/35 >12/>7 pectoral fin rays 7/7 7/7 7/7 7/7 7/7 7/7 7/7 7/7 7/7 7/7 6/6 6/6 6/6 6/6

The the todes, indicative of its sex, through damage. revestimento inferior do rostro; .. or trans-

of Sturisoma brevirostre does not lation: "... snout. not or with cover holotype agree . . projecting

in the of & lower with couplet aa key C. H. Eigenmann on surface; . . respectively.

R. S. Eigenmann, reading: "Snoutacute or rounded, Regan (1904) assigned Sturisoma brevirostre

since the has not produced.", specimen its snout to the genus Oxyloricaria, now accepted as a junior

with ventrorostral of Sturisoma. the of somewhat produced, a length synonym of With exception

5.1 mm. This is relatively short, even for an Harttia loricariformis Steindachner, 1876b, and

Sturisoma. and the statement of these Harttia average This, platystoma (Günther, 1868), Regan's authors (1889: 35; 1890: 368): "...upper lip conception of Oxyloricaria (1904) is still valid for granular,..has been overlooked by A. de Mi- Sturisoma. randa Ribeiro (1911: 109), and by Boeseman We may add to this discussion a proposal to

while (1971: 11), diagnosing Parasturisoma as provisionally transfer Harttia caquetae Fowler,

sem anterior 1945a nominal having: .. cabeça . . . projecçâo nem (a species inadvertently omitted

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TABLE III DICK, M. M., 1977. Stations of the Thayer Expedition to

Brazil 1865-1866. Breviora, 444: 1-37. Selected morphometric and meristic characters useful to of EIGENMANN, C. H., 1910. Catalogue and bibliography of compare a) 13 specimens Lamontichthys filamentosus the fresh water fishes of the Americas south of the tropic with b) 2 specimens of Lamontichthys stibaros, and c) 3 of Cancer. Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of tropical specimens of Pterosturisoma microps. and . Princeton Univ. temperate Rep.

a b c Patagonia, 1896-1899, 3 375-511. specimens Exped. (Zool. 4): 71.7-167.3 213.3-242.0 141.0-161.0 R. of Standard length EIGENMANN, C. H. & W. ALLEN, 1942. Fishes

5.0- 6.1 5.7- 5.9 5.1- 5.4 head length western South America: 1-494, pis. I-XXI1, 1 map

3.2- 3.8 3.5- 3.7 3.1- 3.2 predorsal length (Univ. Kentucky, Lexington). length 1.5- 1.7 1.5 1.7 postdorsal EIGENMANN, C. H. & R. S. EIGENMANN, 1889. Preliminary 2.0 1.8 1.9 postanal length 1.8- notes on South American Nematognathi, II. Proc. Calif. to <1.3 3.2- 3.5 3.3- 3.5 dorsal spine length up Acad. Sei., (2) 2: 28-56. <2.6- 3.4 3.7- 3.9 3.6- 3.7 first dorsal ray & 1890. A revision of the South American 4.0- 5.0 4.7- 5.0 4.1- 4.2 , anal spine length

or cat-fishes. Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sei., pectoral spine length 1.2-< 2.7 4.0 1.1 Nematognathi, 1: 1 in facsimile in 1.6- 1.8 1.6 1.7 1-508, map [also reprinted 1971 by snout length New thoracic length 1.0- 1.2 1.1 1.2- 1.3 Johnson Reprint Corporation, York/London],

orbital diameter 5.6- 6.4 6.9- 7.6 11.1- 12.8 & 1891. A of the fresh-water fishes of max. , catalogue

interorbital width 2.8- 3.3 3.4 3.9- 4.2 South America. Proc. U.S. natn. Mus., 14: 1-81.

cleithral width 0.9- 1.0 1.0 1.1 E. eine FITTKAU, J., 1974. Ichthyocladius n. gen., neo-

width 1.2- 1.3 1.3- 1.4 1.4- 1.5 supra-cleithral tropische Gattung der (Chironomidae, head width 1.0 1.0- 1.1 1.1- 1.2 Diptera) deren Larven epizoisch auf Welsen (Astro- head depth 1.8- 2.0 1.8- 1.9 2.0 blepidae und Loricariidae) leben. Ent. Tidskr., 95 width caudal peduncle 5.8- 8.5 6.6- 7.3 5.1 91-106. 7 7 6 (Suppl.): pectoral fin rays FOWLER, H. W., 1945a. Colombian zoological survey. Part I. lateral scutes 32-34/32-34 34 35 fresh-water 19/20-21 17-18/17-18 The fishes obtained in 1945. Proc. Acad. nat. coalescing scutes 14-18/14-18

75 86 Sei. 97: UP to to to - 55 Philad., 93-135. teeth upper jaws up up

to 65 86 - 47 Los del Peru. sistemâtico de los teeth lower jaws up up to up to , 1945b. peces Catâlogo

habitan 1-298 Hist, peces que en aguas peruanas: (Mus.

from the of Harttiini nat. "Javier Prado", Univ. San genera by Boeseman, 1971) Marcos, Lima). 1954. Os peixes de doce do Brasil, 4. Arq. zool. , âgua to Sturisoma, as Sturisoma caquetae (Fowler, S. Paulo, 9: i-ix, 1-400. this related to 1945), species being closely (and FREIHOFER, W. C. & E. H. NEIL, 1967. Commensalism

in fact, congeneric with) both Sturisoma tamanae between larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae) and cat- fishes of the families Astroblepidae and Loricariidae. and Sturisoma leightoni. Copeia, 1967 (1): 39-45.

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Received: 18 April 1978

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