On Not Interpreting the Roar

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

On Not Interpreting the Roar University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 10-5-2017 On Not Interpreting the Roar Simina Banu University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Banu, Simina, "On Not Interpreting the Roar" (2017). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 7236. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7236 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. ON NOT INTERPRETING THE ROAR by Simina Banu A Creative Writing Project Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies through the Department of English Language, Literature and Creative Writing in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts at the University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada © 2017 Simina Banu On Not Interpreting the Roar by Simina Banu APPROVED BY __________________________________________________ J. Mboudjeke Languages, Literatures and Cultures __________________________________________________ L. Cabri English Language, Literature and Creative Writing __________________________________________________ S. Holbrook, Advisor English Language, Literature and Creative Writing August 22, 2017 AUTHOR’S DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I hereby certify that I am the sole author of this thesis and that no part of this thesis has been published or submitted for publication. I certify that, to the best of my knowledge, my thesis does not infringe upon anyone’s copyright nor violate any proprietary rights and that any ideas, techniques, quotations, or any other material from the work of other people included in my thesis, published or otherwise, are fully acknowledged in accordance with the standard referencing practices. Furthermore, to the extent that I have included copyrighted material that surpasses the bounds of fair dealing within the meaning of the Canada Copyright Act, I certify that I have obtained a written permission from the copyright owner(s) to include such material(s) in my thesis and have included copies of such copyright clearances to my appendix. I declare that this is a true copy of my thesis, including any final revisions, as approved by my thesis committee and the Graduate Studies office, and that this thesis has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other University or Institution. iii ABSTRACT My project interrogates the way English acts like a brick wall for non-native speakers. I draw from my personal experience as an immigrant and combine that with LANGUAGE poetry techniques and translation in order to capture the immigrant experience. I then reflect on what is and is not lost in the process of translation, and what is built anew. iv ACKNOWLEGEMENTS I am thankful to many people without whose help, this project would not exist: Susan Holbrook, my amazing advisor, for supporting and encouraging me through all the highs and lows of this project Hannah Leadley, for long drives, San Pellegrino, and always helping to show me something I couldn’t see before Amilcar Nogueira, for loaded fries and new perspectives on where each poem can lead Hannah Watts, for chats on experimentalism and coffee on defence day Louis Cabri, for helping me cultivate a passion for exploring all the subtle intricacies of language Nicole Markotic for giving me the push I needed into grad school, and for running an incredible creative writing workshop My wonderful external reader, Jean-Guy Mboudjeke My parents for believing in my poetry And fellow writers of 26-592/3 for inspiration, support, and laughter Thank you v TABLE OF CONTENTS AUTHOR’S DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY iii ABSTRACT iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v EMINESCU TRANSCREATIONS 1 A poem, exasperated, speaks candidly to its poet 2 What is love? Nevermind, what is 4 Un singur dor 5 A far tomb 7 From the strainer 8 Tomorrow, adagio 11 When armadillos 13 When the voice itself 15 Why in my soufflé 16 DIRECTIONAL DYSLEXIA 17 THE RULES OF BREATH-BALL 21 WORDS, MY REFLEXES 25 PICTIONARY 27 TRANSLATING THE ROCK 29 FALSE FRIENDS 36 URECHILE-MI REAMINTESC: Y)EARS 40 !vi READING FACES 52 “ON NOT INTERPRETING THE ROAR” 57 WORKS CITED 71 VITA AUCTORIS 72 !vii TRANSLATING EMINESCU !1 A poem, exasperated, speaks candidly to its poet: Many flowers are in this poutine. Though few bear fruit, all knock at the gate of life from within this death-shake (50% off). I know: It is easy to write nothing. It is easy to write nothing. It is easy to write nothing. It is easy to write nothing. But your heart is troubling. Wishes, troubling. Passions, also troubling. Your mind (troubling) listens to them like similes at the gate of life, extended metaphors at the doors of thinking, !2 all wanting to break into the world. Yet here you’ve drowned me in the gravy. You misread twenty-four entire books as “sleep.” Ah! The sky falls on your head. “Give it to me straight,” you plead. But who will break it to you now? Well, how bout you plant me in the dirt, I’ve had enough. !3 What is love? Never mind, what is a lung? a sea? your trachea? a soufflé? pragmatism? Sears? despair? bate? convent? eyelashes? a nap? A long opportunity. Thousands of ears. More required. Your whole life. There! Shadows of angles. How your heart asks. H earth. Beating your chest. Everything hanging by a word. A tremor of genes. Over day - so many times, and night forever. !4 Un singur dor I have a singer’s door. Afloat, let me be moored in margarine. I mean, on the edge of the sea. This one: Cer senin. Relax, I knitted a bed from young branches. Ten thousand trees fall in my throat: do they make or break? Simon Cowell covers his ears at the thought of my heart. !5 I know we all groan when the sea sings. I will be earth in my solitude. !6 A far tomb Je tombe. Leaving imprisons. Yet here: wind with guinea pig pictures (his name was Jack. I was allergic). And, I leave. Yes, I read. Yes, I think. See, in scissors. Sea, in totes. She, tombée. Pier 1 has a sale on nothing. I read the sign in a Brașov elevator as “do not slam USA.” Hast thou no doors? Lock ’em if you have ’em. Sit dreaming fire. Drip sleep. Ew, falafel. I take a bite and look at thoughts vis-a-vis the basement. The jury uses Crest, on sale, on nothing. No foundation. All of a sudden: a wedding appears. An ellipses. Copper eyes covering my hands. !7 From the strainer Whether you do something, or you do something else: this looks like a garden: zile fără nori. Zzzz & two bees on a flower. And cloud to the right. Homeland!: Germs. Pain. You wouldn’t believe the amount of snails. Once I saw a woman collecting them in a bag. Brașov streets after the rain. A restaurant to the right. They’re not bugs, they’re animals. They will live seven years if you don’t eat them. Why do we love what’s ordinary? Ticks. Ticks. Tocks. Ticks everywhere! Vale: pastoral scene. liniştiri, : a lake, s reflected, still, or someone is fishing. Imagism about a leaf. !8 Diminutive about a house. A native land and something about a spatula. The mountainous lie of a cloud’s forehead. O to see again! Fields, teeming, cigarettes blooming out of the dandelions. I was getting bread: skidding. I turn to see a car run into a man in June. A plastic melodica sounds a bit like the accordion in the same way a paper mâché apple tastes like an apple. The markets threw their fruit at me. A Russian yes, fierce data. O native land: my, my, Some pot, to cook in, smoke, bang, riot. Something about death and a tower of humans. Flower ghetto. !9 A piccolo harmonizes with the silence. !10 Tomorrow, adagio Chorus: Today plus tomorrow minus life (yesterday) plus face paint and feeding the dog Purina (x2). When under trees, wine. When moon, urn. When can (Sprite, or otherwise), do. Re-salt somewhere. Hey, ’morrow, slow down. You seem in altitude. I stare at math in jellybeans paring them into 1s and O, dead leaves. Tea makes me wander: stop sign to stop sign Even more tea makes me still consider death. Tomorrow clips toes onto the rice, !11 evolution having decided we don’t need that fifth. I drink it anyway, wear old jeans and don’t order the cabbage rolls. And once this fly befriended me. More accurately: the glow of my computer. I exploited it for art, made it pose on literature: To The Lighthouse, Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Shot on iPhone. Horrified, I apologized, its life already wasted. Chorus x2 Chorus x2 What strings are not rushed cistern. Chorus x2 Chorus x2 !12 When armadillos… When armadillos try to cut my present tense with calm and lung. Cosmonauts, floating, they offer Krispy Kreme. They try to tail today back into the blue. (After all, they argue, so many todays have come out of it.) Rasputin.
Recommended publications
  • Rediscovering Frédéric Chopin's "Trois Nouvelles Études" Qiao-Shuang Xian Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected]
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2002 Rediscovering Frédéric Chopin's "Trois Nouvelles Études" Qiao-Shuang Xian Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Music Commons Recommended Citation Xian, Qiao-Shuang, "Rediscovering Frédéric Chopin's "Trois Nouvelles Études"" (2002). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 2432. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2432 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. REDISCOVERING FRÉDÉRIC CHOPIN’S TROIS NOUVELLES ÉTUDES A Monograph Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts in The School of Music by Qiao-Shuang Xian B.M., Columbus State University, 1996 M.M., Louisiana State University, 1998 December 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF EXAMPLES ………………………………………………………………………. iii LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………………………………… v ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………………………… vi CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………….. 1 The Rise of Piano Methods …………………………………………………………….. 1 The Méthode des Méthodes de piano of 1840
    [Show full text]
  • A. W. Schlegel and the Nineteenth-Century Damnatio of Euripides Ernst Behler
    BEHLER, ERNST, A. W. Schlegel and the Nineteenth-Century "Damnatio" of Euripides , Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 27:4 (1986:Winter) p.335 A. W. Schlegel and the Nineteenth-Century Damnatio of Euripides Ernst Behler N HIS 1802-04 Berlin lectures on aesthetics, August Wilhelm Schle­ I gel claimed that his younger brother Friedrich (in his essay On the Study of Greek Poetry U795]), had been the first in the modern age to discern the "immeasurable gulf" separating Euripides from Aeschylus and Sophocles, thereby reviving an attitude the Greeks themselves had assumed towards the poet. The elder Schlegel noted that certain contemporaries of Euripides felt the "deep decline" both in his tragic art and in the music of the time: Aristophanes, with his unrelenting satire, had been assigned by God as Euripides' "eternal scourge"; 1 Plato, in reproaching the poets for fostering the passionate state of mind through excessive emotionalism, actually pointed to Euripides (SK I 40). Schlegel believed that his younger brother's observation of the profound difference between Euripides and the two other Greek tragedians was an important intuition that required detailed critical and comparative analysis for sufficient development (SK II 359). By appropriating this task as his own, August Wilhelm Schlegel inaugurated a phenomenon that we may describe as the nineteenth-century damnatio of Euripides. The condemnation of Euripides by these early German romantics was no extravagant and isolated moment in their critical activity: it constituted a central event in the progressive formation of a new literary theory. Their pronouncements must be seen in the context of a larger movement, towards the end of the eighteenth century, that transformed the critical scene in Europe: the fall of the classicist doctrine and the rise of the new literary theory of romanticism.
    [Show full text]
  • Within the Context of Searching for a National Identity, the Search for a Female Identity Also Arises in Don Quijote by Miguel
    ENVIRONMENTAL SURROUNDINGS DEFINING NATIONAL IDENTITIES by MEGAN TRENHOLM (Under the Direction of Susan Quinlan) ABSTRACT Throughout this thesis, three books will be discussed: A Bagaceira by José Américo de Almeida, Iracema by José de Alencar, and A Senhora by José de Alencar as well. These works will be interlinked based on their principle female characters and how their feminine characteristics are always in comparison with their environmental surroundings. Because they all deal with the flora and fauna of a specific historic place based on where the specific story takes place, all of them also correspond with the search for a national identity. In addition to the search for a national identity, each female character exemplifies the Persephone – Demeter myth and cyclical events that pertain to fertility. All of these works attempt to center on ecofeminism and the search for a “matrifocal” society rather than a patriarchal society. INDEX WORDS: Brazilian national identity, Persephone – Demeter, Objectification, Environment, Journey, Historic place, Matriarchy, Ecofeminism, Iracema, A Bagaceira, A Senhora, Alencar, Almeida, Woman and Nature, 19th Century Brazil ENVIRONMENTAL SURROUNDINGS DEFINING NATIONAL IDENTITIES by MEGAN TRENHOLM B.A., University of Georgia, 2004 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS ATHENS, GEORGIA 2006 © 2006 Megan Trenholm All Rights Reserved ENVIRONMENTAL SURROUNDINGS DEFINING NATIONAL IDENTITIES by MEGAN TRENHOLM Major Professor: Susan Quinlan Committee: Robert Moser Betina Kaplan Electronic Version Approved: Maureen Grasso Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia August 2006 DEDICATION I am eternally grateful to my parents, who never lose faith in me…Thank you.
    [Show full text]
  • Duncan Macmillan James Macpherson's Fragments of Ancient
    Duncan Macmillan: Introduction 5 INTRODUCT I ON Duncan Macmillan James MacPherson’s Fragments of Ancient Poetry was published in 1760. Within the year, we learn from Howard Gaskill, it was translated into French by Diderot himself.1 In the two and a half centuries that have passed since then, the work has been translated into practically every literary language under the sun and it is likely that, somewhere, it has always been in print. That would be a remarkable bibliographic history for any book, but for a work whose exact nature was a matter of controversy from the day it was published and which has been routinely debunked as a fraud, it is truly extraordinary; nor does Ossian’s topicality seem to be fading even now in this post-modern era. On the contrary, the occasion for the conference whose transactions are recorded in this volume was the exhibition at the UNESCO building in Paris of Calum Colvin’s remarkable series of images, Ossian, Fragments of Ancient Poetry. It is a title which invokes MacPherson directly and the work itself is a striking witness to his enduring topicality. Among the essays below, the artist has contributed an illuminating commentary on his own work, backed by Tom Normand’s contribution which further examines it in the context of the photographic image and its role in the preservation, generation and perhaps even the creation of memory. Ossian, too, is in part at least a created memory. That analogy with an art form not invented till forty years after MacPherson’s death is typical of the way in which, for all that it is deliberately archaic, Ossian appears paradoxically also to be precociously modern.
    [Show full text]
  • A Preface to a Theory of Art-Fear in Brazilian Literature
    http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2012n62p341 A PREFACE TO A THEORY OF ART-FEAR IN BRAZILIAN LITERATURE Julio França Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro Luciano Cabral da Silva Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro Abstract There is no tradition in the study of horror in Brazilian literature; with Álvares de Azevedo”s tales of Noite na Taverna generally considered as the only example of Gothic, terror or horror narrative quoted in literary history. This article aims to demonstrate that there are several works in Brazilian literature which could be classified as “fear literature”—a fictional narrative that produces “artistic fear”. In fact, some of the most important Brazilian authors, including Machado de Assis, Bernardo Guimarães, Aluísio Azevedo, Inglês de Souza, João do Rio, Humberto de Campos and Coelho Neto, penned works in the macabre during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. However, critics were either unable to identify them as works of horror or paid no attention to an area of fiction in which social problems were not realistically represented. Therefore, research in this field must first identify the basic characteristics Ilha do Desterro Florianópolis nº 62 p. 341- 356 jan/jun 2012 342 Julio França e Luciano Cabral da Silva, A preface to a Theory of Art... of fictional horror in our country. We are interested in (i) the real fears represented in Brazilian fiction, be them caused by either the natural or supernatural, and in (ii) the narrative features which produce the effect of “artistic fear” upon the reader. Keywords: Horror literature, Terror, Fear literature, Brazilian Literature, Artistic fear.
    [Show full text]
  • Stendhal and the Trials of Ambition in Postrevolutionary France
    Trinity College Trinity College Digital Repository Faculty Scholarship Summer 2005 Stendhal and the Trials of Ambition in Postrevolutionary France Kathleen Kete Trinity College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/facpub Part of the European History Commons Stendhal and the Trials of Ambition in Postrevolutionary France Kathleen Kete The most audacious act in French literature may be the most misunder- stood. To be sure, Julien Sorel’s attempted murder of Mme de Rênal— at the elevation of the host, at the sacrifice of the mass—was an act of passion,theactofamanmaddenedbyambitionthatwasthwartedat the moment of its climax by the woman he had loved. The story of ‘‘un ambitieux’’ presents itself in Lerougeetlenoiras a nightmare of democ- racy, of aspirations grasped and lost. In the words of Michel Crouzet, Julien stands at the scene of his crime and at his trial as both ‘‘witness and victim of the egalitarian passion and the resentment that is its con- stituent part.’’1 It is the negativity, not the savagery, of Julien’s crime that arrests readers of Lerougeetlenoirand introduces Stendhal into the pantheon of French intellectuals who have chosen liberty, even if in death, over bourgeois mediocrity and materialism: ‘‘In shooting Mme de Rênal, he turns his back on power, ‘he saves himself, forever, to the point of death, one might say, from ambition.’’’2 But how discordant with nineteenth-century values was Julien’s iconic rejection of competitive individualism? The intriguing prob- lem of ambition in postrevolutionary France has generated surprisingly little attention, though it may be central to the way we understand lib- Kathleen Kete, associate professor of history at Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut, is author of The Beast in the Boudoir: Petkeeping in Nineteenth-Century Paris (Berkeley, CA, 1994).
    [Show full text]
  • Literature, Emotions, and the Possible: Hazlitt and Stendhal
    Literature, Emotions, and the Possible: Hazlitt and Stendhal “A possible experience or a possible truth does not equate to real experience or real truth minus the value ’real’; but at least in the opinion of its devotees, it has in it something out-and- out divine, a fiery, soaring quality, a constructive will, a conscious utopianism that does not shrink from reality but treats it, on the contrary, as a mission and an invention.” (Robert Musil, The Man without Qualities) Since the 1970s, literary criticism has been dominated first by formalist and then by cultural studies approaches with a general attitude of contempt for science, reason, and the truth. Paradoxically, in the last decades, literary critics have avoided confronting what is fundamental in literature: its intrinsic value as literature, and its ability to represent and express human psychology. The ethical and the aesthetic dimensions of literary forms have been neglected in favour of a sometimes vague sociological vision and a repetitive Freudian- Lacanian interpretation; they reduce the immense variety of affective phenomena to a few complexes (Oedipus, castration) or to an empty linguistic game. Fortunately, for the sake of literature, since the 1980s, some analytical philosophers have been interested in the affective dimension, and have been reflecting on the emotions elicited by the arts and on the knowledge value of literature. As evident nowadays, several disciplines are undergoing what can be called the affective turn, and a new vision of literary and artistic phenomena, revisiting some questions debated since Aristotle and very important in the eighteenth century, is shattering the structuralist, poststructuralist, deconstructionist, and postmodern spell.
    [Show full text]
  • Brazilian Literature and Culture
    Yale Portuguese Studies in Portuguese language, literatures, and cultures YALE SUMMER SESSIONS 2016 PORT S-352 Introduction to Brazil: A Cultural History Conducted in English at Yale and Portuguese in Brazil MEETS from May 30- June 17 MWTh 1:30-3:30 p.m. at Yale, HGS117; Paraty TBA; June 27 – July 22 MW 1:00-3:00 at IBEU Ipanema, Rio de Janeiro Professor: K. David Jackson DEPARTMENT OF SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE <[email protected]> Tel. 432-7608 -- 82-90 Wall Street, Room 224 Description This course provides a comprehensive introduction to Brazil’s regions and cultural history, to Brazil’s unique place in the Americas, and to its place in the world of Portuguese language. It presents major topics in the panorama of Brazilian cultural history and civilization from 1500 to the present through readings on regions, cultures, peoples, and arts, including the architects of Brazil’s national cultural identity, its chronological development, and modern self-description. Topics include discovery and rediscovery of Brazil, baroque architecture, romanticism and empire, regionalism, immigration, urbanization, and modernization. The main texts draw on a cultural history of Brazil through selected writings by major authors and scholars. The course features an individual creative project on the student’s experience in Brazil to be presented in Portuguese during the final two classes. Requirements No absences allowed in YSS. Two objective tests during weeks 3 and 6 (40%) covering important names, documents, and events from the readings. Preparation and oral participation in each class discussion required (20%). Each student will prepare an original project on a specific interest in Brazil, coordinated with the professor (25%), presented in class on July 20.
    [Show full text]
  • Ralph Waldo Emerson Christopher Hanlon Eastern Illinois University
    Eastern Illinois University The Keep Spring 2013 2013 Spring 1-15-2013 ENG 5009-001: Ralph Waldo Emerson Christopher Hanlon Eastern Illinois University Follow this and additional works at: http://thekeep.eiu.edu/english_syllabi_spring2013 Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Hanlon, Christopher, "ENG 5009-001: Ralph Waldo Emerson" (2013). Spring 2013. 114. http://thekeep.eiu.edu/english_syllabi_spring2013/114 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the 2013 at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Spring 2013 by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 'I .. Professor Christopher Hanlon chanlon@eiu,edu 3811 Coleman Hall Office Hours: MWF 12-1 & by appointment One of the most central and influential figures in U,S, literary history, Emerson is also among the very most contested and protean, This is to say that he is always "timely," because the concerns that circulate in his writings have seemed so available for the kind of reinterpretation that reflects the contexts in which his readers imagine themselves, Aside from being an exhilarating stylist, he thus makes for an apt study in critical citizenship, the sort of readerly practices that characterize thoughtful participation in democratic society. Our study of Emerson will focus upon his texts, and reading them closely will constitute most of our activity together this semester, But another object of our study will concern the ways in which Emerson has been read, since
    [Show full text]
  • James Macpherson's Ossian Poems, Oral Traditions, and the Invention Of
    Oral Tradition, 24/2 (2009): 393-414 James Macpherson’s Ossian Poems, Oral Traditions, and the Invention of Voice James Mulholland The Invention of Voice and the Intimacy of the Oral Text When James Macpherson’s Fragments of Ancient Poetry, Collected in the Highlands of Scotland, and Translated from the Galic or Erse Language appeared in 1760, it was greeted with widespread approval. Macpherson’s collection purported to translate the work of Ossian, a semi- mythical third-century C. E. Scottish bard in the mold of Homer, who preserved his culture’s traditions in song. The claim that this collection was the “genuine remains of ancient Scottish poetry” attracted passionate adherents (Macpherson 1966:A2). For nationalistic Scots, Ossian provided a tantalizing image of an advanced culture comparable to and contemporaneous with those of classical Greece and Rome. For many English authors, Ossian served as an example of native British creativity that superseded the neoclassicism of the early eighteenth century.1 Thomas Gray declared, for example, that he was in “extasie” after reading the Ossian poems and characterized Macpherson as a thrilling “demon” of poetry (Gray 1935:ii, 680). This “extasie” partly inspired Gray to compose his own imitations of Norse and Celtic folktales. Ossian’s popularity traveled widely outside of Great Britain; prominent literary and political figures, including the German author Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Thomas Jefferson, and Napoleon Bonaparte offered enthusiastic assessments of the sentimentality and humanity that they saw in the poems. The fervor of such readers was met with equally forceful skepticism. Many critics suggested that Macpherson fabricated Ossian and forged his poems to succeed in a literary marketplace that had largely ignored his earlier publications.2 Samuel Johnson unequivocally asserted that the poems cannot be “genuine remains” because, he believed, it was impossible for oral transmission to preserve poetry of any considerable length or cultural traditions of any complexity (Johnson and Boswell 1984:113-14).
    [Show full text]
  • Essays of Ralph Waldo Emerson
    Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson A PENN STATE ELECTRONIC CLASSICS SERIES PUBLICATION Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Por- table Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State University nor Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, nor anyone associated with the Pennsylvania State University assumes any responsibility for the material contained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson, the Pennsylvania State University, Electronic Classics Series, Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, Hazleton, PA 18201-1291 is a Portable Document File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of literature, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them. Cover Design: Jim Manis Copyright © 2001 The Pennsylvania State University The Pennsylvania State University is an equal opportunity university. Contents I. HISTORY .................................................................................................................................................................. 5 SELF-RELIANCE ...................................................................................................................................................... 26 II. SELF-RELIANCE................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Transcendentalism: Essential Essays of Emerson and Thoreau Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau
    Prestwick House SampleResponse Journal™ Response Journal Reflections: A Student Response Journal Response Journal Reflections: A Student Response Journal Transcendentalism: Essential ™ Essays of Emerson and Thoreau Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau Transcendentalism: Essential Essays of Emerson and Thoreau Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau P.O. Box 658, Clayton, DE 19938 www.prestwickhouse.com Click here 800.932.4593 Item No. 303012 to learn more Printed in the U.S.A. about this Response Journal! Click here to find more Classroom Resources for this title! More from Prestwick House Literature Grammar and Writing Vocabulary Reading Literary Touchstone Classics College and Career Readiness: Writing Vocabulary Power Plus Reading Informational Texts Literature Teaching Units Grammar for Writing Vocabulary from Latin and Greek Roots Reading Literature Response Journal Reflections: A Student Response Journal Transcendentalism: Essential Essays of Emerson and Thoreau Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau Copyright © 2008 by Prestwick House, Inc., P.O. Box 658, Clayton, DE 19938. 1-800-932-4593 • www.prestwickhouse.com Permission to copy this unit for classroom use is extended to purchaser for his or her personal use. This material, in whole or part, may not be copied for resale. ISBN 978-1-60389-666-5 Item No. 303013 Transcendentalism To The Student Although we may read a novel, play, or work of non-fiction for enjoyment, each time we read one, we are building and practicing important basic reading skills. In our ever-more complex society, in which reading has become more and more crucial for success, this, in itself, is an important reason to spend time reading for enjoyment.
    [Show full text]