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An Order to Build the Resilience in the Muslim World Againsts Islamophobia: the Advantage of Bogor Message in Diplomacy World & Islamic Studies

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An Order to Build the Resilience in the Muslim World Againsts Islamophobia: the Advantage of Bogor Message in Diplomacy World & Islamic Studies MEIS__________________Jurnal Middle East and Islamic Studies, Volume 5 No. 2 Juli – Desember 2018 An Order to Build the Resilience in the Muslim World Againsts Islamophobia: The Advantage of Bogor Message in Diplomacy World & Islamic Studies Jelang Ramadhan, Muhamad Syauqillah International Relations Doctoral student of Uludağ University, Turkey, Head of Terorrism Studies Program of University of Indonesia, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Wasatiyyat Islam is a recent popular thought which made of the interactions between state- actors and non-state actors in term of reduce the extremism, terrorism and Islamophobia without using hard power, but more to the utilization of soft power. The Bogor Message actually is an institued-charter of Wasatiyyat Islam conception that from personal-level to national-level be able to adopt and apply it in daily life as it taken from Al-Qur’an and Hadith’s teachings and covered by diplomatic process in the making to guide even the state to encourage a policy of Islamic moderation. This research paper examines the principle of Wasatiyyat Islam in Bogor Message and its advantage to reduce the Islamophobia through diplomatic principle implementation. The usage of inductive-interpretative method becomes necessary to analyse the empirical data into words as it aims to consider the added values explicitly from the analysis structure. The analysis of this thesis uses literature study as a part of qualitative methodological study to explain the observed phenomenon. This research is resulting in consideration of Bogor Message as a diplomacy product made by prominent Islamic scholars in the world and also as a form of ijma’ ulama that can be utilized by Muslim ummah (Islamic society) as a common understanding or an order to build the resilience in Muslim world against Islamophobia. Keywords: Wasatiyyat Islam, Islamophobia, Bogor Message, Diplomacy, Resilience INTRODUCTION which contains prohibition on forcing a Islamic society or so-called muslim religion toward someone. The universality ummah sees Islam as they embrace the faith also encouraged by the act of Prophet from a hadith reported by ﷺ as a peaceful religion which taught an order Muhammad for humankind and rahmatan lil ‘alamin Abu Dzar that made Bilal bin Rabah (an (mercy for universe) so it can be claimed as African) as one of his closer companion and an universal faith (Praja, 2003). The stated that, “Look, there are no one better universality of Islam is represented by the from his red skin or black skin until you spread in world that embrace all kind of surpass them with the piety (towards Allah Bahraen, 2019).” Even muslims are) ”,(ﷻ races and people with different social status forcelessly. This is strengthened by ayat diverse in many ways and belong to racial (verse) 256 of Surah (chapter) Al-Baqarah varieties and ethnic groups (Nadal et al., 144 MEIS__________________Jurnal Middle East and Islamic Studies, Volume 5 No. 2 Juli – Desember 2018 2012), but still having the same sacred texts them confuse and angry intentionally as common ground, Al-Qur'an and Hadith. (Nadal et al., 2012). One of The ayat from Al-Qur’an and sunnah from microagressions’ example is Islamophobic Hadith are the two basic legal for ummah attitude and mocking language that showed and after it the consensus (ijma) between to people whose Islamic name or Islamic Islamic scholars (ulama) and all muslims appeareance or even vandalize muslim’s ordered to embody it in their personal property whilst most likely muslims are practice (An-Na’im, 2007). Wherever offended in public area like road, airport, muslims live and go, they will not lose school or mosque such happened in London Islamic path so long hold onto those (Christiyaningsih & Fadhilah, 2019). The because Islam is kind of transnational Islamophobic act can be done by persons, religion which cannot be limited by state’s semi-organized group or organized group border, so the Islam itself lives in every soul such as state that able to make a greater of muslim, yet respect the diversities. impact. Since its rised in Hijaz (especially For last decade the Islamophobia is Mecca and Madinah, recently Kingdom of escalating up until now. From Saudi Arabia’s territory) around 7th microagression or intimidation to massacre century, Islam as a monotheistic faith have such as Rohingya ethnic cleansing in a robust concept of God and perfect order Myanmar or Quebec City Mosque for every creation’s life. That is why shooting, Canada in 2017. Then recently, muslims (people who embrace Islam) massacre occured again in 15th of March become the fastest rising religion 2019 in two Mosques of Christchurch, New community in the world due to rational Zealand (Britton, 2019). Colleen Ward (as factor like fertility, life expectancy, age it cited in Morton, 2019) said that New structure, migration and religious switching Zealand’s muslim community is facing (Pew Research Center [Pew], 2015). There everyday racism, negative stereotypes, lack comes popularity with responsibility to face of knowledge about Islam, and racism in the contemporary challenges, such as the media were between the most generally- extremism, terrorism and Islamophobia cited challenges faced that would trigger which raised for the last 2 decades. the event which happened earlier. Islamophobia starts with Fortunately, New Zealand state authority microagressions or the psychological or act rapidly in order to control the fear and physical action by a few people toward stabilize the condition which felt by muslim muslim or perceived as is in order to make society. 145 MEIS__________________Jurnal Middle East and Islamic Studies, Volume 5 No. 2 Juli – Desember 2018 Reversely, worst example can be muslim popular artist or politician came to taken if a state, systematically press muslim power and popularity as Islam is becoming society to be alienated in their own land. It a warm topic in many discourses in the was happened in Turkey that majority of world, that is why ‘Salah Effect’ would population are muslims, but government likely happen to others with role-model under Prime Minister Ismet Inonu decided qualities that able to shape social attitudes to replace adhan chanting and sermon to (Alrababa’h, Marble, Mousa, & Siegel, Turkish on July 1932 and people who 2019). refuse to do so were considered as criminal The popularity is hiking along with under Art. 526 of the Turkish Criminal the ever-increasing problems and Code 1941 and even worse they were challenges. Yet, the challenge for ummah is persecuted (Aydar & Atalay, 2006; Farooq, eternally existed such as Islamophobia 2018). Islam often sighted as a nuisance on phenomenon which took public’s concern national agenda and identical to Arabian or on 1997 when the Runnymade Trust Middle-East civilization that cannot catch published their report (Bleich, 2011). The up with the modernity and it creates the indications of Islamophobia are already Islamophobia itself inside the ummah. Yet existed since long time ago when the Islamophobia by fellow muslims remains in Islamic civilization is touched by the the certain muslim countries or so-called Western world. In a short word, Muslimistan like Turkey until now. Islamophobia can be meant as acts of fear Therefore, Islam stands to raise its or even hostility toward Islam and muslim populism in Western Hemisphere due to who embrace it (Alshammari, 2013). certain event like ‘Salah Effect’ and Sadiq Islamophobia is believed as a Khan that elected as London’s Mayor in mother cause which gave birth to violent Britain and Rashida Tlaib or Ilhan Omar in extremism and terrorism in the muslim US’ congress as members who chosen by world due to the political pressure which people to represent them bring a good felt by muslim ummah since very long time impact. Based on the research which ago by Western society. The war of Poitiers conducted by Immigration Policy Lab, or Battle of Tour, which took place in 732, Merseyside county (home to Liverpool where Christians defeated the ’invading’ F.C.) experienced a 18.9% drop in hate Muslims, is still considered the most vital crimes that connected to Islamophobic war in European history that creates a behaviors and attitudes due to the increase phobia towards Muslim in Western of familiarity with Islam. Recently, a lot of Hemisphere (Buehler, 2011). It might as 146 MEIS__________________Jurnal Middle East and Islamic Studies, Volume 5 No. 2 Juli – Desember 2018 well be causing the clash of civilization Islamic groups labelled as terrorist. The between muslim and non-muslim or prejudice is developed from people’s considered as West since religion perceived perceptions of Islam as an unchanging igniting the conflict in a certain way by monotheistic religion as it bring inherent inspiring intolerant and irreconcilable violent nature and its fundamental images of identity and commitment as inferiority to the modern age of people, Samuel Huntington (1997) stated in his especially Westerners (Sayyid, 2014). essay. Huntington (as it cited in Griffiths, Somehow it is real when the O’Callaghan, & Roach, 2008) is having a accusation of 9/11 tragedy in Washington great deal with the thought that Islam will D.C. fell to certain Islamic groups, at the pose to the West, because its birthrate is same time also judge muslim society or the higher than another civilization then due to Islamic teaching as the inventor of modern the rising popularity in the wake of the 9/11 terrorism or religion extremism meanwhile attacks. the tragedy reshapes the contour of According to Yılmaz (2006), international relations. Eventhough, Islamic fundamentalism after September 11 religiously-driven violence is not limited to attacks on US and particular bombings of one certain religion (Yılmaz, 2006), but the major Western countries or their allies has accusation and labelization of terrorism become popular in an unique way.
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