The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam
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Who-Wants-The-Caliphate.Pdf
2 | Who Wants the Caliphate? Author Biography Dr. Ovamir Anjum is Imam Khattab Endowed Chair of Islamic Studies at the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, University of Toledo. He obtained his Ph.D. in Islamic history in the Department of History, University of Wisconsin-Madison. His work focuses on the nexus of theology, ethics, politics and law in Islam, with comparative interest in Western thought. His interests are united by a common theoretical focus on epistemology or views of intellect/reason in various domains of Islamic thought, ranging from politics (siyasa), law (fiqh), theology (kalam), falsafa (Islamic philosophy) and spirituality (Sufism, mysticism, and asceticism). Author of Politics, Law and Community in Islamic Thought: The Taymiyyan Moment (Cambridge University Press, 2012), Dr. Anjum has also translated a popular Islamic spiritual and theological classic, Madarij al-Salikin (Ranks of Divine Seekers) by Ibn al-Qayyim (d. 1351); the first two volumes to be published by Brill later this year. His current projects include a multi-volume survey of Islamic history and a monograph on Islamic political thought. Disclaimer: The views, opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in these papers and articles are strictly those of the authors. Furthermore, Yaqeen does not endorse any of the personal views of the authors on any platform. Our team is diverse on all fronts, allowing for constant, enriching dialogue that helps us produce high-quality research. Copyright © 2019. Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research 3 | Who Wants the Caliphate? Editor’s Note This publication was scheduled for release before the news of the death of ISIS leader Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi. -
The Existence of Maslahah Mursalah As the Basis of Islamic Law Development in Indonesia
Jurnal Krtha Bhayangkara, Volume 13 Nomor 2, Desember 2019 THE EXISTENCE OF MASLAHAH MURSALAH AS THE BASIS OF ISLAMIC LAW DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA Adi Nur Rohman Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya [email protected] Naskah diterima: Revisi: Naskah disetujui: 2/09/2019 22/09/2019 4/10/2019 Abstrak Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsepsi maslahah dalam wacana perkembangan hukum Islam. Selanjutnya, makalah ini menguraikan keberadaan masalah dan melihat lebih dalam ke dalam implementasi masalah sebagai dasar untuk pengembangan hukum Islam di Indonesia. Makalah ini adalah yuridis normatif menggunakan pendekatan doktrinal. Pada akhirnya, dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsepsi maslahah adalah metode penggalian hukum Islam yang didasarkan pada aspek manfaat dan kebaikan bagi manusia selama tidak bertentangan dengan norma syariah Islam. Selain itu, implementasi masalah sebagai dasar untuk penemuan hukum Islam di Indonesia tidak dapat disangkal. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari daruratnya undang-undang atau peraturan di bawahnya yang mengatur berbagai aspek hukum Islam di Indonesia dalam menanggapi masalah kehidupan masyarakat sebagai dampak dari zaman dan teknologi. Kata Kunci: eksistensi, maslahah mursalah, hukum Islam. Abstract This paper aims to analyze the conception of maslahah in the discourse of the development of Islamic law. Furthermore, this paper elaborates the existence of maslahah mursalah and looks deeper into the implementation of maslahah as a basis for the development of Islamic law in Indonesia. This paper is normative juridical using a doctrinal approach. In the end, it can be concluded that the conception of maslahah is a method of extracting Islamic law which is based on aspects of benefit and goodness for humans as long as it does not conflict with Islamic sharia norms. -
Allama Muhammad Iqbal (1873-1938)
Allama Muhammad Iqbal (1873-1938) Poet, philosopher and political leader, Sir Muhammad Iqbal was born in Sialkot, Western Punjab, in present-day Pakistan on 9th November 1873. After completing his university education at Government College, Lahore, Pakistan, his keen interest in philosophy – in particular, the metaphysics of Persia – brought him to Europe in 1905. He studied for philosophy honours at Cambridge, and then proceeded to Munich to obtain his doctorate in philosophy. Returning to India, he became actively involved in politics, becoming the first advocate of a two-state solution in India. Considered a poet par excellence and foremost Muslim thinker of his time, his poetry and philosophy became instrumental in igniting the Pakistan movement at the time, while enduring as a source of inspiration for many until today. Among his greatest and longest poems is Asrar-e-Khudi (1915). Written in Persian, and inspired by Rumi, it concerns itself with the philosophy of religion and stresses the rebirth of Islamic and spiritual redemption through self- development, moral integrity, and individual freedom. R.A. Nicholson, a Cambridge academic translated the poem from Persian into English and titled it The Secrets of the Self. What is being recited is a very brief excerpt from the epilogue to the poem, which takes the form of an invocation (Dua), in which Iqbal expounds God's relation with man, expresses his own intellectual and spiritual solitude in this world, and prays for a comrade who could share his vision and feel his passion in life and beyond. The second recital is an extract from the well-known twin poems Shikwa (1909) and Jawab-e-Shikwa (1913) wherein Iqbal articulates the lament of a Muslim on the downfall of the once strong Muslim civilization in the form of a complaint to God (Shikwa), and then presents God's answer thereto (Jawaab-e-Shikwa).. -
The Layha for the Mujahideen: an Analysis of the Code of Conduct for the Taliban Fighters Under Islamic Law
Volume 93 Number 881 March 2011 The Layha for the Mujahideen:an analysis of the code of conduct for the Taliban fighters under Islamic law Muhammad Munir* Dr.Muhammad Munir is Associate Professor and Chairman,Department of Law, Faculty of Shari‘a and Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad. Abstract The following article focuses on the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan Rules for the Mujahideen** to determine their conformity with the Islamic jus in bello. This code of conduct, or Layha, for Taliban fighters highlights limiting suicide attacks, avoiding civilian casualties, and winning the battle for the hearts and minds of the local civilian population. However, it has altered rules or created new ones for punishing captives that have not previously been used in Islamic military and legal history. Other rules disregard the principle of distinction between combatants and civilians and even allow perfidy, which is strictly prohibited in both Islamic law and international humanitarian law. The author argues that many of the Taliban rules have only a limited basis in, or are wrongly attributed to, Islamic law. * The help of Andrew Bartles-Smith, Prof. Brady Coleman, Major Nasir Jalil (retired), Ahmad Khalid, and Dr. Marty Khan is acknowledged. The quotations from the Qur’an in this work are taken, unless otherwise indicated, from the English translation by Muhammad Asad, The Message of the Qur’an, Dar Al-Andalus, Redwood Books, Trowbridge, Wiltshire, 1984, reprinted 1997. ** The full text of the Layha is reproduced as an annex at the end of this article. doi:10.1017/S1816383111000075 81 M. Munir – The Layha for the Mujahideen: an analysis of the code of conduct for the Taliban fighters under Islamic law Do the Taliban qualify as a ‘non-state armed group’? Since this article deals with the Layha,1 it is important to know whether the Taliban in Afghanistan, as a fighting group, qualify as a ‘non-state Islamic actor’. -
Muhammad Asad and International Islamic Colloquium of 1957-58: a Forgotten Chapter from the History of the Punjab University
Muhammad Asad and International Islamic Colloquium of 1957-58: A Forgotten Chapter from the History of the Punjab University Dr. Zahid Munir Amir ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the contribution of Muhammad Asad in international Islamic Colloquium held at the Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan, from 29 December 1957 to 8 January 1958, which can be considered the first International activity on Islamization after World War II. In spite of Mr Asad’s notable contribution to this colloquium, his name has never been mentioned in this context. This paper discovers some official documents regarding his role in this perspective. Mr. Asad’s contribution in establishing a new department of Islamic Studies in the oldest seat of learning in South Asia i.e. University of the Punjab is also discussed at length. Keywords: History of Punjab University, Muhammad Asad, Leopold Weiss, International Islamic Colloqium Journal of Research (Humanities) 2 Muhammad Asad was born in a Polish family at Limburg (present day Ukraine), on 2 July 1900. His original name was Leopold Weiss. He learnt the Jewish Holy Scriptures and the Hebrew language at an early age. His family shifted to Vienna in 1914 where he continued his learning. In 1918, he joined the Austrian army. He studied philosophy, history, art, physics and chemistry from the Vienna University. In 1922, he traveled to the Middle East for the first time and visited Egypt, Jordan, Palestine, Syria and Turkey. During his second travel in 1924, he went to Egypt, Amman, Tripoli, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan and the Central Asia. After long experience, deep observation and extensive study, he embraced Islam in 1926 at Berlin and adopted Muhammad Asad as his Islamic name. -
Marshall Communicatingthewo
COMMUNICATING THE WORD Previously Published Records of Building Bridges Seminars The Road Ahead: A Christian-Muslim Dialogue, Michael Ipgrave, Editor (Church House Publishing) Scriptures in Dialogue: Christians and Muslims Studying the Bible and the Qur’a¯n Together, Michael Ipgrave, Editor (Church House Publishing) Bearing the Word: Prophecy in Biblical and Qur’a¯nic Perspective, Michael Ipgrave, Editor (Church House Publishing) Building a Better Bridge: Muslims, Christians, and the Common Good, Michael Ipgrave, Editor (Georgetown University Press) Justice and Rights: Christian and Muslim Perspectives, Michael Ipgrave, Editor (Georgetown University Press) Humanity: Texts and Contexts: Christian and Muslim Perspectives, Michael Ipgrave and David Marshall, Editors (Georgetown University Press) For more information about the Building Bridges seminars, please visit http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/networks/building_bridges Communicating the Word Revelation, Translation, and Interpretation in Christianity and Islam A record of the seventh Building Bridges seminar Convened by the Archbishop of Canterbury Rome, May 2008 DAVID MARSHALL, EDITOR georgetown university press Washington, DC ᭧ 2011 Georgetown University Press. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Communicating the word : revelation, translation, and interpretation in Christianity and Islam : a record of the seventh Building Bridges seminar convened by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Rome, May 2008 / David Marshall, editor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-58901-784-9 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. -
2. JIHADI-SALAFI REBELLION and the CRISIS of AUTHORITY Haim Malka
2. JIHADI-SALAFI REBELLION AND THE CRISIS OF AUTHORITY Haim Malka ihadi-salafists are in open rebellion. The sheer audacity of the JSeptember 11, 2001 attacks, combined with Osama bin Laden’s charisma and financial resources, established al Qaeda as the leader of jihad for a decade. Yet, the Arab uprisings of 2011 and the civil war in Syria shifted the ground dramatically. More ambi- tious jihadi-salafists have challenged al Qaeda’s leadership and approach to jihad, creating deep divisions. For the foreseeable future, this crisis will intensify, and al Qaeda and its chief com- petitor, the Islamic State, will continue to jockey for position. In late 2010, the self-immolation of a despairing Tunisian street vendor inspired millions of Arabs to rise up against authoritarian governments. In a matter of weeks, seemingly impregnable Arab regimes started to shake, and a single man had sparked what decades of attacks by Islamists, including jihadi-salafi groups, had not: the overthrow of an authoritarian government. In the wake of this change, a new generation of jihadi-salafists saw unprecedented opportunities to promote their own methods, priorities, and strategy of jihad. Jihadi-salafists had very little to do with the Arab uprisings themselves, though they quickly realized the importance of capitalizing on new regional dynamics. The fall of authoritarian rulers in Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt created contested political and security environments. New governments released thou- 9 10 Jon B. Alterman sands of jailed jihadi-salafi leaders and activists. This move not only bolstered the ranks of jihadi-salafi groups, but also provided unprecedented space for them to operate locally with minimal constraints. -
Devotional Literature of the Prophet Muhammad in South Asia
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 6-2020 Devotional Literature of the Prophet Muhammad in South Asia Zahra F. Syed The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/3785 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] DEVOTIONAL LITERATURE OF THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD IN SOUTH ASIA by ZAHRA SYED A master’s thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in [program] in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, The City University of New York 2020 © 2020 ZAHRA SYED All Rights Reserved ii Devotional Literature of the Prophet Muhammad in South Asia by Zahra Syed This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Middle Eastern Studies in satisfaction of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts. _______________ _________________________________________________ Date Kristina Richardson Thesis Advisor ______________ ________________________________________________ Date Simon Davis Executive Officer THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Devotional Literature of the Prophet Muhammad in South Asia by Zahra Syed Advisor: Kristina Richardson Many Sufi poets are known for their literary masterpieces that combine the tropes of love, religion, and the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). In a thorough analysis of these works, readers find that not only were these prominent authors drawing from Sufi ideals to venerate the Prophet, but also outputting significant propositions and arguments that helped maintain the preservation of Islamic values, and rebuild Muslim culture in a South Asian subcontinent that had been in a state of colonization for centuries. -
The Islamic Caliphate: a Controversial Consensus
The Islamic Caliphate: A Controversial Consensus Ofir Winter The institution of the caliphate is nearly as old as Islam itself. Its roots lie in the days following the death of Muhammad in 632, when the Muslims convened and chose a “caliph” (literally “successor” or “deputy”). While the Shiites recognize ʿAli b. Abi Talib as the sole legitimate heir of the prophet, the Sunnis recognize the first four “rightly guided” caliphs (al-Khulafa al-Rashidun), as well as the principal caliphates that succeeded them – the Umayyad, Abbasid, Mamluk, and Ottoman. The caliphate ruled the Sunni Muslim world for nearly 1,300 years, enjoying relative hegemony until its abolition in 1924 by Kemal Ataturk, the founder of modern Turkey. Although Sunni commentators have defined the essence of the caliphate differently in different periods, they tend to agree that the caliphate was founded for the purpose of managing Muslim affairs in accordance with the laws of God and organizing the lives of their people according to the principles of Islamic religious law.1 In practice, the caliphate has experienced highs and lows over the course of its history. In some periods, it exerted authority over political, administrative, financial, legal, and military affairs; in others, it was reduced to the symbolic and spiritual realm, such as leading mass prayers, much in the manner of the modern Catholic papacy.2 The Islamic State’s 2014 announcement on the renewal of the caliphate showed that the institution is not only a governmental-religious institution of the past, but also a living and breathing ideal that excites the imagination of present day Muslims. -
An Introduction to Collective Ijtihad (Ijtihad Jama‘I): Concept and Applications
An Introduction to Collective Ijtihad (Ijtihad Jama‘i): Concept and Applications Aznan Hasan Abstract This article explores the concept of collective ijtihad as a means of determining new judicial judgments. Accordingly, it analyzes the theoretical framework of this kind of ijtihad and its applica- tion by discussing the various institutions that practice it. In gen- eral, this article seeks to present this as a practical mechanism for ascertaining the Shari‘ah’s opinion concerning the Muslim ummah on a variety of current issues. At the outset, it will pre- sent briefly the controversy concerning the closure of the gate of ijtihad, for this kind of ijtihad relies heavily upon our recogni- tion that, throughout the history of Islamic law, jurists have never abandoned the task of ijtihad. The Controversy Surrounding the Theory of the Closure of the Gate of Ijtihad In his introduction, Joseph Schacht asserted that Islamic law is no longer relevant to modern life, due to its inflexibility and consequent inability to meet the constant changes therein. He stated further that the nature of Islamic law’s unchanging principles had inevitably resulted in this situa- tion. At the time of the classical jurists, although the nature of the system was the same, those involved in legal matters found a remedy for Islamic Aznan Hasan has a B.A. (Hons.) from al-Azhar, an M.A. from Cairo University, and is cur- rently working on his Ph.D. in Islamic law at the University of Wales, Lampeter, England. He is a lecturer at the Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Law, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. -
The Concept of Jihad in Islam
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 21, Issue 9, Ver. 7 (Sep. 2016) PP 35-42 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org The Concept of Jihad In Islam Ramlan TengkuErwinsyahbana Nurul Hakim Abstract.:-It is an undisputable fact that jihad is an Islamic teaching that is explicitly mentioned in Quran, Hadith, ijma'as well as various fiqh literature from classical time to the contemporary time. Jihad term often used for things that are destructive by western scholars and society. For them, jihad is synonymous with terrorism. The similarization of the word Jihad with the word terrorism in the Western perception is strongly reinforced by a series of terror committed by Muslims in the name of jihad. These acts have been increasingly affecting the interpretation of the word jihad in a negative way although in reality that is not the case in a contemporary context. Jihad in contemporary understanding is not just a war against visible enemies but also a war against the devil and carnality. Even a war against visible enemies that are written in classical fiqh books has now replaced by a contemporary interpretation of jihad against the enemies, as was done by Dr. ZakirNaik. KEYWORDS:Concept, Jihad and Islam I. INTRODUCTION When the 9/11 attack hit the United States more than a decade ago, the term jihad became a trending topic worldwide. The US and other Western countries in general claim that the perpetrators of the 9/11 attack were following the doctrine of Jihad in Islam in order to fight against America and its allies around the world. -
IQBAL REVIEW Journal of the Iqbal Academy, Pakistan
QBAL EVIEW I R Journal of the Iqbal Academy, Pakistan October 1984 Editor Mirza Muhammad Munawwar IQBAL ACADEMY PAKISTAN Title : Iqbal Review (October 1984) Editor : Mirza Muhammad Munawwar Publisher : Iqbal Academy Pakistan City : Lahore Year : 1984 DDC : 105 DDC (Iqbal Academy) : 8U1.66V12 Pages : 188 Size : 14.5 x 24.5 cm ISSN : 0021-0773 Subjects : Iqbal Studies : Philosophy : Research IQBAL CYBER LIBRARY (www.iqbalcyberlibrary.net) Iqbal Academy Pakistan (www.iap.gov.pk) 6th Floor Aiwan-e-Iqbal Complex, Egerton Road, Lahore. Table of Contents Volume: 25 Iqbal Review: October 1984 Number: 3 1. PROOFS OF ISLAM ................................................................................................................... 4 2. REFLECTIONS ON QURANIC EPISTEMOLOGY ...................................................... 13 3. "IBLIS" IN IQBAL'S PHILOSOPHY ................................................................................... 31 4. ALLAMA IQBAL AND COUNCIL OF STATE ............................................................... 66 5. THEISTIC ONTOLOGY IN RADHAKRISHNAN AND IQBAL .............................. 71 6. REFLECTIONS ON IDEOLOGICAL SENTIMENTALISM ....................................... 87 7. ISLAM AND MODERN HUMANISM .............................................................................. 107 8. IDEALS AND REALITIES OF ISLAM............................................................................. 118 9. IQBAL—EPOCH-MAKING POET-PHILOSOPHER ................................................. 129 10. INDEX OF