Allama Muhammad Iqbal and His Theories
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ISIS Rhetoric for the Creation of the Ummah TRENDS WORKING PAPER 6/2015
ISIS Rhetoric for the Creation of the Ummah TRENDS WORKING PAPER 6/2015 Amaryllis Georges TRENDS Research & Advisory ISIS rhetoric for the creation of the Ummah TRENDS Research & Advisory is a progressive research center that aims to help improve policy and decision-making process through research and analysis. The conclusions and recommendations of any TRENDS publications are solely those of its author(s), and do not reflect the views of the Institution, its management, or its other scholars. P.O. Box 110450, Abu Dhabi, UAE www.trendsinstitution.org 2 TRENDS Research & Advisory ISIS rhetoric for the creation of the Ummah TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………4 2 Critical Discourse Analysis……………………………………………………………………………5 3 Study of Al-Baghdadi’s Sermon……………………………………………………………………6 4 Analysis of frequently used words & phrases in Al-Baghdadi’s sermon………18 5 Concluding Remarks…………………………………………………………………………….….…20 6 References…………………………………………………………………………………………………20 3 TRENDS Research & Advisory ISIS rhetoric for the creation of the Ummah Introduction Discourse forms and shapes itself to create and reflect our social world. Therefore, language cannot be measured as neutral (Wijsen, 2012, p. 77). Not only does it outline, regulate and strengthen our understanding of the world, but language also sets out the actions accessible to us, while eliminating and delegitimizing other worldviews (Wijsen, 2012, p. 71). In this respect discourse serves as an instrument of influence and control often used by groups motivated for power to generate and preserve hegemonic regimes (Fairclough, 1992). The purpose of this paper is to examine the linguistic strategy employed by ISIS as a means through which it constructs the notion of the Muslim Ummah (Muslim community), which seeks to lay emphasis on the unity of an international Muslim community based off the supremacy of Islam. -
The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam
The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam Muhammad Iqbal The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam written by Muhammad Iqbal Published in 1930. Copyright © 2009 Dodo Press and its licensors. All Rights Reserved. CONTENTS • Preface • Knowledge and Religious Experience • The Philosophical Test of the Revelations of Religious Experience • The Conception of God and the Meaning of Prayer • The Human Ego - His Freedom and Immortality • The Spirit of Muslim Culture • The Principle of Movement in the Structure of Islam • Is Religion Possible? PREFACE The Qur‘an is a book which emphasizes ‘deed‘ rather than ‘idea‘. There are, however, men to whom it is not possible organically to assimilate an alien universe by re-living, as a vital process, that special type of inner experience on which religious faith ultimately rests. Moreover, the modern man, by developing habits of concrete thought - habits which Islam itself fostered at least in the earlier stages of its cultural career - has rendered himself less capable of that experience which he further suspects because of its liability to illusion. The more genuine schools of Sufism have, no doubt, done good work in shaping and directing the evolution of religious experience in Islam; but their latter-day representatives, owing to their ignorance of the modern mind, have become absolutely incapable of receiving any fresh inspiration from modern thought and experience. They are perpetuating methods which were created for generations possessing a cultural outlook differing, in important respects, from our own. ‘Your creation and resurrection,‘ says the Qur‘an, ‘are like the creation and resurrection of a single soul.‘ A living experience of the kind of biological unity, embodied in this verse, requires today a method physiologically less violent and psychologically more suitable to a concrete type of mind. -
A Message to the Mujahidin and the Muslim Ummah in the Month of Ramadan
A Message to the Mujahidin and the Muslim Ummah in the Month of Ramadan Abu Bakr Al-Husayni Al-Qurashi Al-Baghdadi July 1, 2014 [Please note: Images may have been removed from this document. Page numbers have been added.] Al-Hayat Media Center Truly all praise belongs to Allah. We praise Him, and seek His help and His forgiveness. We seek refuge with Allah from the evils of our souls and from the consequences of our deeds. Whomever Allah guides can never be led astray, and whomever Allah leads astray can never be guided. I testify that there is no god except Allah – alone without any partners – and I testify that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is His slave and Messenger. {O you who have believed, fear Allah as He should be feared and do not die except as Muslims} [Āl ‘Imrān: 102]. {O mankind, fear your Lord, who created you from one soul and created from it its mate and dispersed from both of them many men and women. And fear Allah, through whom you ask one another, and the wombs. Indeed Allah is ever, over you, an Observer} [An-Nisā’: 1]. {O you who have believed, fear Allah and speak words of appropriate justice. He will amend for you your deeds and forgive you your sins. And whoever obeys Allah and His messenger has certainly achieved a great triumph} [Al-Ahzāb: 70-71]. As for what follows: Allah (the Exalted) said, {O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous} [Al-Baqarah: 183]. -
Market Mechanism in the View of Ibn Taymiyyah
Munich Personal RePEc Archive Market Mechanism in the View of Ibn Taymiyyah Pancarini, Ans Shinta Fakultas Syariah dan Ekonomi, IAINSyekhnurjati Cirebon 17 March 2018 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/87024/ MPRA Paper No. 87024, posted 06 Jun 2018 18:30 UTC Market Mechanism in the View of Ibn Taymiyyah Oleh : Ans Shinta Pancarini NIM : 17086050011 Mahasiswa Program Studi Ekonomi Syariah Pascasarjana IAIN Syekhnurjati Cirebon [email protected] ABSTRACT The advancement of the economy is heavily dependent on market conditions. The market brings together the sellers and buyers, to conduct transactions on goods and services (supply and demand). Balance in supply and demand is needed to maintain economic stability. Market urgency attracts the characters to put forward their theories of both Islamic and western thinkers. Islam is a divine religion that brings the benefit of the afterlife. Islam has different views and thoughts about market mechanisms. This thinking precedes what western thinkers have expressed. Ibn Taymiyya reveals five concepts in the development of market mechanisms, namely fair prices, fair markets, fair profit concepts, the concept of fair wages and aims for society. The essence of Ibn Taimiyyah's thought is about the justice of the ummah. Broadly speaking Ibn Khaldun thought of concept on justice. Keywords: Ibn Taimiyyah, Market Mechanism, History of Islamic Economics. JEL Classification: A11, A13, B00, E20 PRELIMINARY The market is the heart of the nation's economy. The advancement of the economy is heavily dependent on market conditions. He brings together the sellers and buyers, to make transactions on goods and services (supply and demand). -
Allama Muhammad Iqbal (1873-1938)
Allama Muhammad Iqbal (1873-1938) Poet, philosopher and political leader, Sir Muhammad Iqbal was born in Sialkot, Western Punjab, in present-day Pakistan on 9th November 1873. After completing his university education at Government College, Lahore, Pakistan, his keen interest in philosophy – in particular, the metaphysics of Persia – brought him to Europe in 1905. He studied for philosophy honours at Cambridge, and then proceeded to Munich to obtain his doctorate in philosophy. Returning to India, he became actively involved in politics, becoming the first advocate of a two-state solution in India. Considered a poet par excellence and foremost Muslim thinker of his time, his poetry and philosophy became instrumental in igniting the Pakistan movement at the time, while enduring as a source of inspiration for many until today. Among his greatest and longest poems is Asrar-e-Khudi (1915). Written in Persian, and inspired by Rumi, it concerns itself with the philosophy of religion and stresses the rebirth of Islamic and spiritual redemption through self- development, moral integrity, and individual freedom. R.A. Nicholson, a Cambridge academic translated the poem from Persian into English and titled it The Secrets of the Self. What is being recited is a very brief excerpt from the epilogue to the poem, which takes the form of an invocation (Dua), in which Iqbal expounds God's relation with man, expresses his own intellectual and spiritual solitude in this world, and prays for a comrade who could share his vision and feel his passion in life and beyond. The second recital is an extract from the well-known twin poems Shikwa (1909) and Jawab-e-Shikwa (1913) wherein Iqbal articulates the lament of a Muslim on the downfall of the once strong Muslim civilization in the form of a complaint to God (Shikwa), and then presents God's answer thereto (Jawaab-e-Shikwa).. -
Devotional Literature of the Prophet Muhammad in South Asia
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 6-2020 Devotional Literature of the Prophet Muhammad in South Asia Zahra F. Syed The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/3785 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] DEVOTIONAL LITERATURE OF THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD IN SOUTH ASIA by ZAHRA SYED A master’s thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in [program] in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, The City University of New York 2020 © 2020 ZAHRA SYED All Rights Reserved ii Devotional Literature of the Prophet Muhammad in South Asia by Zahra Syed This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Middle Eastern Studies in satisfaction of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts. _______________ _________________________________________________ Date Kristina Richardson Thesis Advisor ______________ ________________________________________________ Date Simon Davis Executive Officer THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Devotional Literature of the Prophet Muhammad in South Asia by Zahra Syed Advisor: Kristina Richardson Many Sufi poets are known for their literary masterpieces that combine the tropes of love, religion, and the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). In a thorough analysis of these works, readers find that not only were these prominent authors drawing from Sufi ideals to venerate the Prophet, but also outputting significant propositions and arguments that helped maintain the preservation of Islamic values, and rebuild Muslim culture in a South Asian subcontinent that had been in a state of colonization for centuries. -
The Philosophical Study of Iqbal's Thought
Teosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Mysticism, Volume 6, Number 1, 2017 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/tos.v6i1.1698 THE PHILOSOPHICAL STUDY OF IQBAL’S THOUGHT: The Mystical Experience and the Negation of The Self-Negating Quietism Alim Roswantoro UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta [email protected] Abstract The article tries to philosophically explore the Iqbal’s notion of mysticism and the mystic’s attitude in facing the world life. The exploration is focused on his concept of mystical experience and the negation of the self-negating quietism. And from this conception, this writing efforts to withdraw the implication to the passive-active attitude of the worldly life. It is the philosophical understanding of the Islamic mysticism in Iqbal’s philosophy as can be traced and found out in his works, particularly in his magnum opus, ‚The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam‛. Mysticism, in Iqbal’s understanding, is the human inner world in capturing reality as a whole or non- serial time reality behind his encounter with the Ultimate Ego. For him, there are two experiences, that is, normal one and mystical one. In efforts to understand mysticism, one has to have deep understanding of the basic characters of human mystical experience that is very unique in nature compared to human normal one. Keywords: mystical experience, self-negation, active selfness, making fresh world A. Introduction he great Urdu poet-philosopher, Muhammad Iqbal, influenced the religious thought of the Muslims not only in Pakistan and India, but also in Europe, Asia, and Africa T in many ways. -
Defining Shariʿa the Politics of Islamic Judicial Review by Shoaib
Defining Shariʿa The Politics of Islamic Judicial Review By Shoaib A. Ghias A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Jurisprudence and Social Policy in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in Charge: Professor Malcolm M. Feeley, Chair Professor Martin M. Shapiro Professor Asad Q. Ahmed Summer 2015 Defining Shariʿa The Politics of Islamic Judicial Review © 2015 By Shoaib A. Ghias Abstract Defining Shariʿa: The Politics of Islamic Judicial Review by Shoaib A. Ghias Doctor of Philosophy in Jurisprudence and Social Policy University of California, Berkeley Professor Malcolm M. Feeley, Chair Since the Islamic resurgence of the 1970s, many Muslim postcolonial countries have established and empowered constitutional courts to declare laws conflicting with shariʿa as unconstitutional. The central question explored in this dissertation is whether and to what extent constitutional doctrine developed in shariʿa review is contingent on the ruling regime or represents lasting trends in interpretations of shariʿa. Using the case of Pakistan, this dissertation contends that the long-term discursive trends in shariʿa are determined in the religio-political space and only reflected in state law through the interaction of shariʿa politics, regime politics, and judicial politics. The research is based on materials gathered during fieldwork in Pakistan and datasets of Federal Shariat Court and Supreme Court cases and judges. In particular, the dissertation offers a political-institutional framework to study shariʿa review in a British postcolonial court system through exploring the role of professional and scholar judges, the discretion of the chief justice, the system of judicial appointments and tenure, and the political structure of appeal that combine to make courts agents of the political regime. -
Defeating Terrorists, Not Terrorism: Assessing U.S
Defeating Terrorists, Not Terrorism: Assessing U.S. Counterterrorism Policy from 9/11 to ISIS September 2017 Task Force on Terrorism and Ideology Co-Chairs Governor Thomas H. Kean Representative Lee H. Hamilton Former Chairman, 9/11 Commission; Former Governor of Former Vice Chairman, 9/11 Commission; Former Representative New Jersey from Indiana Members Cheryl Benard Sir John Jenkins President, ARCH International Executive Director, International Institute for Strategic Studies Middle East; Former British Ambassador to Syria, Iraq, Libya, Joseph Braude and Saudi Arabia Advisor, Al-Mesbar Studies and Research Center in Dubai; Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy Research Institute Nibras Kazimi Author, Syria Through Jihadist Eyes: A Perfect Enemy Dr. Tarek Elgawhary President, The Coexist Foundation Christopher Kojm Professor of International Affairs, Elliot School of International John Gannon Affairs, The George Washington University; Former Chair of the Adjunct Professor, Center for Security Studies, Georgetown National Intelligence Council University; Former CIA Deputy Director for Intelligence and Chairman of the National Intelligence Council Kristin Lord President and CEO, IREX Ambassador Husain Haqqani Senior Fellow and Director for South and Central Asia, Hudson Institute; Former Ambassador of Pakistan to the United States Bernard Haykel Professor of Near Eastern Studies and Director, Institute for Transregional Study of the Contemporary Middle East, North Africa and Central Asia, Princeton University Charles Hill Brady-Johnson Distinguished Fellow in Grand Strategy at Yale University; Research Fellow of the Hoover Institution, Stanford University 1 bipartisanpolicy.org Staff Blaise Misztal Director of National Security Nicholas Danforth Senior Policy Analyst Jessica Michek Policy Analyst Samuel Tadros Contributor ACKNOWLEDGMENTS BPC staff would like to thank those whose expertise, insights, and efforts are reflected in this report, and gratefully acknowledges Michelle Pea and Blake Hollister for their contributions during their internships. -
Allama Muhammad Iqbal - Poems
Classic Poetry Series Allama Muhammad Iqbal - poems - Publication Date: 2012 Publisher: Poemhunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive Allama Muhammad Iqbal(9 November 1877 - 21 April 1938) Sir Muhammad Iqbal, also known as Allama Iqbal, was a philosopher, poet and politician in British India who is widely regarded to have inspired the Pakistan Movement. He is considered one of the most important figures in Urdu literature, with literary work in both the Urdu and Persian languages. Iqbal is admired as a prominent classical poet by Pakistani, Indian and other international scholars of literature. Although most well known as a poet, he has also been acclaimed as a modern Muslim philosopher. His first poetry book, Asrar-e-Khudi, appeared in the Persian language in 1915, and other books of poetry include Rumuz-i-Bekhudi, Payam-i-Mashriq and Zabur-i-Ajam. Some of his most well known Urdu works are Bang-i-Dara, Bal-i-Jibril and Zarb-i Kalim. Along with his Urdu and Persian poetry, his various Urdu and English lectures and letters have been very influential in cultural, social, religious and political disputes over the years. In 1922, he was knighted by King George V, giving him the title "Sir". During his years of studying law and philosophy in England, Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All India Muslim League. Later, in one of his most famous speeches, Iqbal pushed for the creation of a Muslim state in Northwest India. This took place in his presidential speech in the league's December 1930 was very close to Quid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah. -
IQBAL REVIEW Journal of the Iqbal Academy, Pakistan
QBAL EVIEW I R Journal of the Iqbal Academy, Pakistan October 2004 Editor Muhammad Suheyl Umar IQBAL ACADEMY PAKISTAN Title : Iqbal Review (October 2004) Editor : Muhammad Suheyl Umar Publisher : Iqbal Academy Pakistan City : Lahore Year : 2004 Classification (DDC) : 105 Classification (IAP) : 8U1.66V12 Pages : 165 Size : 14.5 x 24.5 cm ISSN : 0021-0773 Subjects : Iqbal Studies : Philosophy : Research IQBAL CYBER LIBRARY (www.iqbalcyberlibrary.net) Iqbal Academy Pakistan (www.iap.gov.pk) 6th Floor Aiwan-e-Iqbal Complex, Egerton Road, Lahore. Table of Contents Volume: 45 Iqbal Review: October 2004 Number: 4 1. TIME, SPACE, AND THE OBJECTIVITY OF ETHICAL NORMS: THE TEACHINGS OF IBN AL-‘ARABI ........................................................................................ 6 2. THE IDEA OF CREATION IN IQBAL’S PHLOSOPHY OF RELIGION .............. 24 3. FREEDOM AND LAW ........................................................................................................... 34 4. THE UNIVERSAL APPEAL OF IQBAL’S VERSE ......................................................... 49 5. ISLAMIC MODERNITY AND THE DESIRING SELF: MUHAMMAD IQBAL AND THE POETICS OF NARCISSISM* ........................................................................... 66 6. …ÁIKMAT I MARA BA MADRASAH KEH BURD?: THE INFLUENCE OF SHIRAZ SCHOOL ON THE INDIAN SCHOLARS ....................................................... 98 7. IQBAL STUDIES IN BENGALI LITERATURE ........................................................... 115 8. THE BUYID DOMINATION AS THE HISTORICAL -
1 a Message of Hope and Glad Tidings to Our Fellow Muslims in Egypt 5
A Message of Hope and Glad Tidings to Our Fellow Muslims in Egypt 5 [Please note: Images may have been removed from this document. Page numbers have been added.] Sheikh Ayman Al Zawahiri -may Allah protect him In the name of Allah, and praise Allah and prayer and peace upon the messenger of Allah, and upon his family, companions and allies. Muslim brothers everywhere: peace be upon you and Allah's mercy and blessings, and thereafter: This is the fifth episode of 'Message of Hope and Blessings for our People in Egypt,' and in the third and fourth episodes I discussed the popular, brave and dignified uprisings in Egypt and Tunisia. And in them I sent greetings for the two righteous populaces in Tunisia and Egypt that have gotten rid of the corrupt and corruptive tyrants, Zain al-Aabideen bin Ali and Hosni Mubarak, and I asked the free, honorable Egyptians that their doctrine and Ummah gain victory through awareness towards deviational attempts in their march or loss of its fruits, and to continue the resistance, steadfastness, jihad and persistence to destroy the corruption and to establish the just system that rules with Sharia, spreads justice, applies the shura, and achieve the country's independence and political freedom and social equality. And I continue my talk today, and I say: In the beginning, I would like to send greetings to the free, honorable ones who are protective of their religion, honors, countries and dignity, from amongst the sons of our Ummah, who rose and keep rising against the injustice, oppression, tyranny, and dependency on the foreign, arrogant infidel that has launched on our Ummah and our Islam the contemporary crusade war in the name of war on terrorism.