Construction of Transit-Based Development
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MTI Report 01-05 Norman Y. Mineta International Institute for Surface Transportation Policy Studies Created by Congress in 1991 Construction of Transit-Based Development Mineta Transportation Institute San Jos é State University San Jose, CA 95192-0219 MTI Report 01-05 Construction of Transit-Based Development September 2001 Dr. Scott Lefaver (P.I), Britta Buys, Diana Castillo, Stephen Mattoon, John Vargo a publication of the The Mineta Transportation Institute College of Business San José State University San Jose, CA 95192-0219 Created by Congress in 1991 Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA/CA/OR-2001/2002 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Construction of Transit-Based Developments September 2001 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Authors 8. Performing Organization Report No. Dr. Scott Lefaver; Britta Buys, Diana Castillo, Stephen Mattoon, John Vargo 01-05 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. Mineta Transportation Institute College of Business San José State University 11. Contract or Grant No. San Jose, CA 95129-0219 65W136 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered California Department of Transportation U.S. Department of Transportation Final Report Sacramento, CA 95819 Research and Special Programs Administration 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 400 7th Street, SW Washington, DC 20590-0001 15. Supplementary Notes This research project was financially sponsored by the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA) and by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). 16. Abstract SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS: This project reviews policies and legislative programs that can be adopted at all levels of government to encour- age transit-based development. The study focuses on local government implementation since it is cities and counties that have the land use responsibility for planning and zoning. The study also investigates how higher levels of government (state and federal) can encourage development through legislative and policy incentives. The study recommends some land use, legislative, and fiscal powers that are needed by local jurisdictions to carry out these incentives. The chapter entitled “Elements of Success” explains each of the recommendations in detail. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Environmental Policy; Land Use Planning; Sustainable Development; No restrictions. This document is available to the public Transit-Based Development; Transit- through the National Technical Information Service, Oriented Development Springfield, VA 22161 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 142 $15.00 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Copyright © 2001 by The Mineta Transportation Institute Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2001094832 To order this publication, please contact the following: Mineta Transportation Institute College of Business BT-550 San José State University San Jose, CA 95192-0219 Tel (408) 924-7560 Fax (408) 924-7565 e-mail: [email protected] http://transweb.sjsu.edu ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The MTI Project Team consisted of Dr. Scott Lefaver, AICP, Principal Investigator; Britta Buys, Diana Castillo, and Erin Mayer, Graduate Student Assistants; Stephen Mattoon, Research Associate; and John Vargo, Research Associate and Chief Editor. The Project Team wishes to thank all the very hard working city planners and government staff members who took the time to assist us with our research and insure that the information we received was correct and accurate. The team gives special thanks to: • Michael Percy, Principal Planner, City of Mountain View; • Laurel Prevetti, Principal Planner, City of San Jose, Planning Department; • Judith Silva, Associate Planner, City of Santa Clara, Planning Department; • Grieg Asher, TOD Program Manager, Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority; • Karen Frick, Transportation Planner, Metropolitan Transportation Commission; • Amit Ghosh, Chief of Comprehensive Planning, City and County of San Francisco, Planning Department; • Ken Rich, Neighborhood Coordinator, City and County of San Francisco, Planning Department; • Nancy Bragado, Senior Planner, City of San Diego, Planning Liaison; • Ingrid Johnson, Project Manager, San Diego Redevelopment Agency; • Kevin Michel, Planner, Joint Development Section, Los Angeles Metropolitan Authority; • Nelia Custodio, Transportation Planning Manager, Los Angeles Metropolitan Transportation Authority; and • Lynn Harper, Planner, City of Los Angeles, Planning Department. We would also like to thank MTI staff, including Research Director Trixie Johnson, Publications Assistant Sonya Cardenas, Graphic Designer Ben Corrales, and Editorial Associates Robyn Whitlock, Catherine Frazier, and Susan Sylvia for editing and publishing assistance. Construction of Transit-Based Developments i TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................... ........... 7 1. SECTION ONE: CURRENT INCENTIVES FOR TRANSIT-BASED DEVELOPMENTS....... ......... 13 FEDERAL INCENTIVES....................................................................................... ......... 13 STATE AND REGIONAL INCENTIVES.............................................................. ......... 27 2. SECTION TWO: SUCCESSFUL TRANSIT-BASED DEVELOPMENTS.................................... ......... 35 SAN JOSE................................................................................................................ .........35 MOUNTAIN VIEW................................................................................................. ......... 48 SAN FRANCISCO.................................................................................................. ......... 53 LOS ANGELES....................................................................................................... ......... 63 SAN DIEGO............................................................................................................ ......... 69 PORTLAND, OREGON.......................................................................................... ......... 77 3. SECTION THREE: EXPANDING INCENTIVES FOR TRANSIT-BASED DEVELOPMENTS.. ......... 95 FEDERAL AND STATE TAX POLICIES............................................................. ......... 95 CEQA AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXEMPTIONS............................................... ....... 108 LOCAL ORDINANCES.......................................................................................... ....... 114 4. ELEMENTS OF SUCCESS.................................................................................. ....... 119 GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS........................................ ....... 123 ENDNOTES................................................................................................................... ....... 127 BIBLIOGRAPHY.......................................................................................................... ....... 137 ABOUT THE AUTHORS............................................................................................. ....... 147 Mineta Transportation Institute Construction of Transit-Based Developments ii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2-1: Almaden Lake Village........................................................... .......45 Figure 2-2: Almaden Lake Village Neighborhood Map........................... .......46 Figure 2-3: Almaden Lake Village Site Plan............................................ .......47 Figure 2-4: The Crossings......................................................................... .......52 Figure 2-5: Balboa Park Station on Geneva Avenue................................ .......60 Figure2- 6: Neighborhood Walking Tour................................................. .......61 Figure 2-7: Balboa Park Station Study Area............................................ .......63 Figure 2-8: The McKenzie Lofts, Portland, Oregon................................. .......91 Figure 2-9: Portland Regional Map.......................................................... .......93 LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1: Transit Funding Categories and Levels of Funding................ .......14 Table 1-2: TCSP Funds Granted in 1999 to California Communities...... .......26 Table 1-3: Projects Receiving TLC Funding............................................ .......33 Table 3-1: CDLAC Criteria and points: Year 2000 Procedures............... .......10 Mineta Transportation Institute Executive Summary 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PROJECT OVERVIEW The Mineta Transportation Institute, formerly known as the Norman Y. Mineta International Institute for Surface Transportation Policy Studies, has received funding through the federal Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA) and the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) to conduct policy related activities in the areas of research, education, and information sharing to benefit the United States transportation industry. This publication is the result of a project that was jointly sponsored by Caltrans and RSPA under the title “Construction of Transit-Based Developments: New Policy Initiatives for Government.” After the Mineta Institute published IISTPS 97-1, “Public Land with Private Partnerships for Transit-Based Developments,” many local governments expressed a need for more policy guidance in implementing transit-based development