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Att Publicera Efter Policyn MAGISTERUPPSATS I BIBLIOTEKS- OCH INFORMATIONSVETENSKAP INSTITUTIONEN FÖR BIBLIOTEKS- OCH INFORMATIONSVETENSKAP/BIBLIOTEKSHÖGSKOLAN 2014:7 Att publicera efter policyn. Ett antal seniora forskares förhållningssätt till open access efter Vetenskapsrådets open access-policy. AMANDA GLIMSTEDT Svensk titel: Att publicera efter policyn. Ett antal seniora forskares förhållningssätt till open access efter Vetenskapsrådets open access-policy. Engelsk titel: To publish after the policy. A number of senior researchers’ attitudes toward Open Access after the Swedish Research Council’s Open Access policy. Författare: Amanda Glimstedt Färdigställt: 2014 Handledare: Helena Francke Abstract: Since the 1990’s Open Access has developed into an alternative model for scientific publication. Today an increasing political interest in promoting Open Access is commonly channeled through the implementation of policies by research funders. However, in the scientific community the uptake and acceptance of the model has been of notably different character. This Master’s thesis examines the understanding of and attitudes towards open access among eight senior Swedish researchers and how these have been affected by the implementation of the Swedish Research Council’s Open Access-policy as implemented in 2010. It further asks the question of how researchers’ publishing practices can be understood as shaped by and performed within actor-network configurations. The study is based on interviews with researchers from three academic disciplines. The empirical material has been analyzed through the perspective of actor-network theory. The study finds that the impact of the Swedish Research Council’s policy has been low. Yet, perceived as a floating object, the policy has forced the researchers to adhere to and position themselves in relation to the immanent powers of the policy and, thus, to Open Access both as movement and publishing model. The study also finds that both the traditional model for scientific publishing and the Open Access model can be understood as actor-networks, currently competing for the researchers’ loyalty and involvement in order to secure future dominance. The study concludes that in order to fully understand researchers’ practices and attitudes it is necessary to perceive these as shaped in and by extra-social contexts and forces. Nyckelord: Open access, Vetenskaplig kommunikation, Vetenskaplig publicering, Forskarpraktiker, Attityder, Aktör-nätverksteori, ANT Ett tack. Arbetet med denna studie och uppsatsen som beskriver den har varit en spännande resa. En resa som varken kunnat påbörjas eller avslutas utan stöd från ett antal personer omkring mig. Därför: först ett varmt tack till min handledare Helena Francke för inspiration och uppmuntran och roliga, intressanta samtal under vägens gång. Vidare tack till min examinator Jan Nolin för värdefull feedback. Ett stort tack även till alla de kollegor på Bibliotekshögskolan i Borås som uppmuntrat mitt arbete med denna uppsats och som fungerat som värdefulla bollplank av olika slag. Till slut ett kärleksfullt tack till min man Jesper. Utan dig och ditt stöd (och all din marktjänst) hade jag aldrig nått resans slut. Innehåll 1. Inledning ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Problemformulering ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Syfte och frågeställningar ............................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Disposition .................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Litteraturöversikt .............................................................................................................................. 4 2.1 Vetenskaplig kommunikation och publicering .............................................................................. 4 2.1.1 Det traditionella systemet för vetenskaplig publicering ......................................................... 4 2.2 Open accessrörelsen ...................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 Rörelsens framväxt och centrala aktörer ................................................................................ 6 2.2.2 Utvecklingen av open access som publiceringsekologi .......................................................... 8 2.2.3 Forskningsbiblioteken och open access ................................................................................ 10 2.2.4 Open access som politiskt mål ............................................................................................. 10 2.2.4.1 Forskningsfinansierande institutioner som policyskapare ................................................ 11 2.3 Forskares förhållningssätt till open access .................................................................................. 12 2.3.1 Grundläggande medvetenhet men begränsa(n)de kunskaper och acceptans? ...................... 12 2.3.2 Påverkan på macronivå ......................................................................................................... 14 2.3.3 Disciplinär påverkan ............................................................................................................. 14 2.3.4 Flera former av påverkan på forskares förhållningssätt ....................................................... 15 2.3.5 Motstånd mot top-down styrning ......................................................................................... 16 2.3.6 Att blicka bortom de traditionella kategorierna .................................................................... 16 3. Aktör-nätverksteori ......................................................................................................................... 18 3.1 ANT som kritik: vikten av att hålla isär stora och små ”s”. ........................................................ 18 3.2 En filosofi, en teori eller en metod? ............................................................................................ 19 3.3 ANT:s begreppsvärld: aktörer, nätverk, överförande och flytande objekt .................................. 19 3.3.1 Aktörer som nätverk och nätverk som aktörer ..................................................................... 20 3.3.2 Överförande som process: ett nätverks tillblivande ............................................................. 20 3.3.3 Flytande objekt ..................................................................................................................... 21 3.3.4 En verktygslåda av mottagligheter ....................................................................................... 22 4. Metod ................................................................................................................................................ 23 4.1 Intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod ........................................................................................... 23 4.1.1 Urval ..................................................................................................................................... 24 4.1.2 Genomförande av intervjuer ................................................................................................. 26 4.2 Att genomföra en ANT-inspirerad analys ................................................................................... 27 5. Resultat och analys .......................................................................................................................... 29 5.1 Forskarna och Vetenskapsrådets open access-policy .................................................................. 29 5.1.1 Att greppa policyn ................................................................................................................ 29 5.1.2 Kolliderande praktiker .......................................................................................................... 31 5.1.3 Lågintensiv påverkan ............................................................................................................ 32 5.2 Forskarna och de vetenskapliga publikationerna......................................................................... 33 5.2.1 Publikationens karaktär ........................................................................................................ 33 5.2.2 Det vetenskapliga samtalet ................................................................................................... 34 5.2.3 Stabilitet och tillit ................................................................................................................. 35 5.2.4 Positionering, inflytande och finansiering ............................................................................ 36 5.2.5 Att förstå flytande objekt ...................................................................................................... 37 5.3 Vetenskaplig publicering som ett aktörsnätverk ......................................................................... 38 5.3.1 Att ta till sig publiceringspraktik(er) .................................................................................... 38 5.3.2 Texter och tidskrifter, författare och forskarsamhället ......................................................... 39 5.3.3 Juridik, förlag, forskningsetik och forskningspolitik ...........................................................
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