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Open Access Der Begriff „Open Access“ Bezeichnet Den Für Die Nutzer Kostenlosen Zugang Zu Dem Mit Öffentlichen Mitteln fi Nanzierten Wissenschaftlichem Wissen

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Open Access Der Begriff „Open Access“ Bezeichnet Den Für Die Nutzer Kostenlosen Zugang Zu Dem Mit Öffentlichen Mitteln fi Nanzierten Wissenschaftlichem Wissen Die UNESCO unterstützt den Aufbau moderner Wissensgesellschaften und beschäftigt sich mit den gesellschaftlichen, kulturellen, ethischen und rechtlichen Folgen der rasanten Entwicklung der neuen Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien. Open Access Der Begriff „Open Access“ bezeichnet den für die Nutzer kostenlosen Zugang zu dem mit öffentlichen Mitteln fi nanzierten wissenschaftlichem Wissen. Ob es Chancen und Herausforderungen diesen kostenlosen Zugang geben sollte wird kontrovers diskutiert. Während die einen ein Innovationspotenzial für Bildung und Forschung hervorheben, fragen andere nach der Zukunft der Wissenschaftsverlage. Neue Geschäftsmodelle und der Zusammenhang von Open Access mit Urheberrechtsvorschriften werden diskutiert. Bei der konkreten Umsetzung von Open-Access-Modellen stellen – ein Handbuch – sich Fragen zu Qualitätssicherung, Archivierung und Finanzierung. Mit dem vorliegenden Handbuch möchte die Deutsche UNESCO-Kommission über Chancen und Herausforderungen des Publikationsmodells „Open Access“ informieren und dazu beitragen, dass die Debatte möglichst breit geführt wird. Open Access Chancen und Herausforderungen – ein Handbuch Open Access Chancen und Herausforderungen ISBN 3-927907-96-0 Deutsche UNESCO-Kommission 1 Open Access Chancen und Herausforderungen – ein Handbuch – Deutsche UNESCO-Kommission 2 Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbib- liographie, detaillierte bibliogrphische Daten sind im Internet unter http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. ISBN 3-927907-96-0 Herausgegeben von: Deutsche UNESCO-Kommission e.V. Fon: +49 (228) 60497-0 Colmantstr.15 Mail: [email protected] 53115 Bonn www.unesco.de Redaktion: Dr. Barbara Malina Redaktionelle Mitarbeit und Übersetzungen: Anne Isabel Rauch und Philipp Disselbeck Satz und Druck: Grafische Werkstatt Druckerei und Verlag · Gebrüder Kopp GmbH & CO.KG, Köln Auflage: 1.000 Download unter: www.unesco.de Titelfoto © Nikolai Sorokin Es ist erlaubt, den Inhalt dieses Handbuchs, mit Ausnahme des Titelfotos, zu nicht kom- merziellen Zwecken zu vervielfältigen, zu verbreiten und öffentlich wiederzugeben, unter der Bedingung, dass der Name/die Namen des Autors/der Autoren genannt und dass auf die Originalpublikation der Deutschen UNESCO-Kommission hingewiesen wird. Im Falle einer Weiterverarbeitung müssen diese Lizenzbedingungen den Adressaten mitgeteilt und gleich- falls auferlegt werden. Das Handbuch erhebt keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. Namentlich gekennzeichnete Beiträge geben nicht immer die Meinung des Herausgebers wieder. Kapitel 4 präsentiert exemplarisch Stellungnahmen verschiedener an der Debatte beteiligter Akteure. Wenn in Beiträgen des Handbuchs ausschließlich die männliche oder weibliche Form Verwen- dung findet, so dient dies ausschließlich der Lesbarkeit und Einfachheit. Es sind stets Personen des jeweils anderen Geschlechts mit einbezogen, sofern nicht ausdrücklich anders erwähnt. Diese Publikation wurde vom Auswärtigen Amt der Bundesrepublik Deutschland gefördert. 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort des Präsidenten der Deutschen UNESCO-Kommission .......................... 7 Grußwort des Stellvertretenden Leiters der Kultur- und Bildungsabteilung des Auswärtigen Amts ................................................................................................. 9 Einleitung: Quo vadis, Wissensgesellschaft? Richard Sietmann ........................................................................................................11 Kapitel 1: Definition und Ursprung von Open Access Der Begriff „Open Access“ Norbert Lossau ........................................................................................................... 18 Open Access – ein historischer Abriss Peter Schirmbacher .....................................................................................................22 Kapitel 2: Drei Publikationsmodelle stellen sich vor Open-Access-Repositories am Beispiel des edoc-Servers der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Susanne Dobratz ......................................................................................................... 28 Open-Access-Journale am Beispiel des New Journal of Physics Eberhard Bodenschatz ................................................................................................ 33 Das Beispiel eines Hybrid-Modells: Springer Open Choice Jan Velterop ................................................................................................................. 37 Kapitel 3: Aspekte der Realisierung von Open-Access-Modellen Finanzierung von Open-Access-Modellen Stefan Gradmann ......................................................................................................... 42 Open Access und Urheberrecht Karl-Nikolaus Peifer .................................................................................................... 46 Qualitätssicherung bei Open Access Eberhard Bodenschatz & Ulrich Pöschl ..................................................................... 50 Langzeitarchivierung bei Open Access Ute Schwens & Reinhard Altenhöner .......................................................................... 55 Open Access und die Struktur der Wissenschaftskommunikation Hans Pfeiffenberger ..................................................................................................... 59 4 Datenverarbeitung, -übertragung und Suche: weitere technische Herausforderungen bei Open Access Wolfram Horstmann .................................................................................................... 63 Akzeptanz und Verbreitung entgeltfrei zugänglicher Publikationen Johannes Fournier ....................................................................................................... 66 Kapitel 4: Politische Perspektiven Spannungsverhältnisse im Zusammenhang mit Open Access Ralf Schimmer .............................................................................................................72 Open Access in Hochschule und Wissenschaft Open Access in den Naturwissenschaften Wolfgang Voges ............................................................................................................76 Open Access in den Geisteswissenschaften Gudrun Gersmann ....................................................................................................... 78 Open Access in den Sozialwissenschaften Ulrich Herb ................................................................................................................. 80 Open Access in der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft Johannes Fournier ....................................................................................................... 82 Open Access und das deutsche Wissenschaftssystem: Gemeinsame Perspektive der Allianz der Wissenschaftsorganisationen Korinna Bauer et al. .................................................................................................... 84 Bibliotheken und Open Access Claudia Lux .................................................................................................................86 Verlage und Open Access Open Access aus Sicht eines subskriptionsbasierten Publikationsmodells Robert Campbell & Edward Wates .............................................................................. 89 Hamburg University Press und Open Access Gabriele Beger & Isabella Meinecke ..........................................................................94 Brüsseler Erklärung über STM Publishing .................................................................96 5 Open Access und Bildung Die rechtliche Absicherung von Open Access – zur Position der Kultusministerkonferenz Thomas Pflüger ...........................................................................................................98 Ein „Dritter Korb“ für die Wissensgesellschaft. Open Access und Bildungspolitik: Überlegungen eines Bildungspolitikers Jörg Tauss .................................................................................................................. 100 Open Access aus Sicht des Aktionsbündnisses „Urheberrecht für Bildung und Wissenschaft“ Rainer Kuhlen ............................................................................................................ 102 Open Access und Verbraucherschutz: Die Sicht des Verbraucherzentrale Bundesverbandes Patrick von Braunmühl .............................................................................................. 104 Die Deutsche Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und Open Access Peter Rave .................................................................................................................. 106 Medien und Open Access: Die Sicht des öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks Verena Wiedemann ..................................................................................................... 109 Kapitel 5: Internationaler Kontext Nationale Initiativen in Europa Katja Mruck & Rubina Vock ...................................................................................... 112 Europäische Initiativen Celina Ramjoué .........................................................................................................116 Nationale außereuropäische Initiativen: Open Access in den USA Peter Suber ................................................................................................................121 Nationale außereuropäische Initiativen: Open Access in Indien – der Status Quo Mangala Hirwade ..................................................................................................... 125 Internationale
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