More Kawaii than a Real-Person Live Streamer: Understanding How the Otaku Community Engages with and Perceives Virtual YouTubers Zhicong Lu Chenxinran Shen Jiannan Li City University of Hong Kong University of Toronto University of Toronto Kowloon, Hong Kong Toronto, ON, Canada Toronto, ON, Canada
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Hong Shen Daniel Wigdor Carnegie Mellon University University of Toronto Pittsburgh, PA, USA Toronto, ON, Canada
[email protected] [email protected] Figure 1: Screenshots of VTuber live streaming: (a) Kanae co-streaming with VTuber Kuzuha using their 3D avatars; (b) VTuber W伊Roi streaming by themselves; (c) Multiple VTubers co-streaming together using their 2D avatars. ABSTRACT CCS CONCEPTS Live streaming has become increasingly popular, with most stream- • Human-centered computing → Human computer interac- ers presenting their real-life appearance. However, Virtual YouTu- tion (HCI); Empirical studies in HCI. bers (VTubers), virtual 2D or 3D avatars that are voiced by humans, are emerging as live streamers and attracting a growing viewership KEYWORDS in East Asia. Although prior research has found that many viewers virtual idols, live streaming, social media, user engagement, virtual seek real-life interpersonal interactions with real-person streamers, YouTuber it is currently unknown what makes VTuber live streams engaging or how they are perceived differently than real-person streamers. ACM Reference Format: We conducted an interview study to understand how viewers en- Zhicong Lu, Chenxinran Shen, Jiannan Li, Hong Shen, and Daniel Wigdor. gage with VTubers and perceive the identities of the voice actors 2021. More Kawaii than a Real-Person Live Streamer: Understanding How the Otaku Community Engages with and Perceives Virtual YouTubers.