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Universidade Federal Fluminense Instituto De UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E FILOSOFIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ANTROPOLOGIA Marcelo da Nova Moreira Jermann Do Bar ao Xadrez: a criminalização do ato de beber e dirigir e o controle institucional do comportamento social dos indivíduos na condução de veículos Niterói 2010 MARCELO DA NOVA MOREIRA JERMANN Do Bar ao Xadrez: a criminalização do ato de beber e dirigir e o controle institucional do comportamento social dos indivíduos na condução de veículos Dissertação desenvolvida sob orientação do Prof. Roberto Kant de Lima, e sob co-orientação do Prof. Antonio Carlos Rafael Barbosa, e apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Antropologia. Niterói 2010 Marcelo da Nova Moreira Jermann Do Bar ao Xadrez: a criminalização do ato de beber e dirigir e o controle institucional do comportamento social dos indivíduos na condução de veículos Dissertação aprovada em 30/04/2010, como parte das exigência para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Antropologia na Universidade Federal Fluminense, pela banca examinadora formada pelos professores: ___________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Roberto Kant de Lima, PPGA-ICHF-UFF (Orientador) ____________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Antonio Carlos Rafael Barbosa, PPGA-ICHF-UFF (Co-orientador) ______________________________________________ Profª.Drª. Delma Pessanha Neves, PPGA-ICHF-UFF(Examinadora) ____________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Jorge da Silva, UERJ (Direito) _____________________________________________ Prof.ª Regina Lúcia, Direito-UGF (Examinadora) III De Sião sairá a instrução, e de Jerusalém, a palavra do Senhor. (Isaías 2.3b) A Torá do Senhor é perfeita e reconforta a alma; verdadeiro é o testemunho do Eterno, que torna sábio o mais simples. De absoluta retidão são os preceitos do Eterno e trazem alegria ao coração; límpido é o mandamento do Eterno, que ilumina os olhos. Puro é o temor do Eterno e perdura para sempre; verdadeiros são os julgamentos do Eterno, todos igualmente justos. São mais desejáveis que o ouro mais refinado; mais doces que o mel que se forma nos favos. Teu servo se esmera em cumpri-los e sei que grande é a recompensa por sua observação. (Salmos 19.8-12) Bendito o que vem em nome do Senhor; nós vos bendizemos desde a casa do Senhor. (Salmos118.26) IV Dedicatória Dedico este trabalho aos meus avós, Lygia e Armando (in memoriam), pelo exemplo de honestidade e integridade de caráter pelo qual me espelho e pauto minha conduta; a meus pais, Angela e Raul, pela educação esmerada que me proporcionaram; à minha amada Alessandra, mulher e companheira, pelo suporte nas horas difíceis; e ao meu filho, João Gabriel, pela sua alegria, e pela força e motivação que me dá. V AGRADECIMENTOS Desejo aqui agradecer a diversas pessoas que contribuíram de várias maneiras para que eu pudesse ter chegado a realizar o mestrado e concluí-lo com sucesso. Em primeiro lugar quero agradecer ao Dr. Claudio Elias, professor da UERJ e meu irmão da Congregação Adonai Shamá, que graciosamente me apresentou ao Dr. Altair Assis, físico, professor na Matemática da UFF e interessado nas discussões sobre segurança pública, o qual também sou muito grato. Foi através deste que, no início de 2006, tomei conhecimento do Curso de Extensão em Gestão de Segurança Pública e Justiça Criminal, o qual cursei e por meio do qual tive a oportunidade de conhecer o NUFEP – Núcleo Fluminense de Estudos e Pesquisas e o PPGA/UFF – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Foi assim que iniciei a trabalhar como pesquisador do NUFEP e pude conhecer melhor o trabalho realizado no núcleo coordenado pelo Dr. Roberto Kant de Lima. Agradeço, ao meu orientador, Dr. Roberto Kant de Lima, por ter acreditado na minha proposta de trabalho e ter aceitado me orientar. Não fosse o bastante ter tido o privilégio de ser por ele orientado, em diversas ocasiões fui ajudado por ele. Para além do conhecimento adquirido através das aulas e da convivência no NUFEP e nas viagens aos congressos, levarei sempre comigo o exemplo de caráter e de justiça por merecimento que pautam a conduta do meu orientador. Muito obrigado por tudo. Serei sempre grato. Não posso deixar de mencionar minha gratidão ao Dr. Antonio Carlos Rafael Barbosa, meu co-orientador, que mesmo antes de meu ingresso no mestrado VI já me indicava leituras a fim de me familiarizar com a Antropologia, além de me aconselhar e treinar na realização de entrevistas e na observação direta e participante durante as pesquisas para os diagnósticos de segurança pública municipais realizados pelo NUFEP. Minha gratidão especial à Dra. Delma Pessanha Neves por ter sido exigente comigo. Certamente não me esquecerei de seus ensinamentos. Agradeço aos professores Sidnei Clemente Peres e Jair Ramos com os quais cursei disciplinas do curso. Sou também muito grato à Dra. Simoni Lahud Guedes, coordenadora do PPGA, por seu senso de justiça e pela sua paciência comigo. Quero agradecer também às secretárias do PPGA, Ilma e Vanessa pelo suporte prestado durante todo o curso. Quero agradecer a oportunidade de conviver com os pesquisadores e técnicos do NUFEP e do INCT-InEAC – Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia – Instituto de Estudos Comparados em Administração Institucional de Conflitos, em especial à Dra. Ana Paula Mendes de Miranda, ao Dr. Edilson Marcio Silva, ao Dr. Fabio Reis Mota, à Dra. Glaucia Maria Pontes Mouzinho, ao Dr. Lenin dos Santos Pires, e ao Dr. Jorge da Silva. Não posso também deixar de mencionar minha gratidão a Vírgínia e ao Lúcio da secretaria do NUFEP. Cada um de vocês tem contribuído de forma significativa em minha formação profissional. Por último, mas não menos importante, o meu sincero agradecimento ao Sub-Secretário da Secretaria de Estado de Governo do Estado do Rio de Janeiro que gentilmente autorizou e facilitou a nossa pesquisa junto às equipes da Operação Lei Seca. VII SUMÁRIO Agradecimentos.......................................................................................................VI Resumo.....................................................................................................................XI Abstract....................................................................................................................XIII 1. INTRODUÇÃO.................................................................................................14 1.1 O objeto e sua relevância..........................................................................18 1.2 Percurso do pesquisador e da pesquisa.................................................24 1.3 Metodologia utilizada.................................................................................33 2. Breve história da Lei Seca............................................................................40 2.1 Lei seca nos EUA .....................................................................................41 2.1.1 Temperance Movement...................................................................41 2.1.2 Prohibition – Do início à década de 1930......................................45 2.1.3 Beber e Dirigir nos Estados Unidos..............................................56 2.1.4 M.A.D.D. (Mothers Against Drunk Drivers).....................................70 2.2 Lei Seca no Brasil......................................................................................76 2.2.1 “Lei Seca”(Lei 11.705/2008) e o Código de Trânsito Brasileiro (Lei 9.503/1997).....................................................................................80 2.2.2 “Lei Seca” e a Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil................................................................................................85 3. A Lei Seca no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.....................................................89 3.1 Antes da Lei 11.705/2008..........................................................................90 3.1.1 O caso do DISQUE 190..................................................................91 3.1.2 O CBMERJ e o bêbado...................................................................93 3.2 Lei 11.705/2008 – Primeiros momentos..................................................94 3.2.1 Operações da PMERJ - casos observados.................................95 VIII 3.3 Segundo momento – “Operação Lei Seca”.............................................102 3.3.1 Observando a ação policial...........................................................104 3.3.1.1 Dois momentos; múltiplos cenários...................................105 3.3.1.1.a Cadeirantes nos bares e nas ruas..................105 3.3.1.1.b Operação policial nas ruas.............................111 3.3.1.1.c Estatísticas e a Ficção dos Níveis de Álcool no Sangue..........................................................................................................131 3.4 Terceiro momento – reação à Lei Seca...................................................137 3.4.1 Em briga de Rotweiller, o chihuahua se dá mal.....................137 3.4.2 Desembargadora flagrada pela Lei Seca...............................141 3.4.3 Famoso Técnico de futebol e ex-jogador da seleção brasileira de futebol flagrado pela Operação Lei Seca.........................................................................................143 3.4.4 Licenças para conduzir veículos automotores e o processo administrativo...........................................................................146
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