PRES EIVTING THE MAIVITSC RIPT

O. F. Akimushkin

MURAQQA'.ALBUM OF THE INDIAN AI\D PERSIANMINIATURES OF THE 16-18TH CENTURIESAND THE MODELS OF THE PERSIAN CALLIGRAPITY OF THE SAME PERIOD

Muraqqa' is an interestingand rare in its repertoire col- cordingto the pattern)- spiral of the stylizedflowers of lection of the Indian miniaturesof the Mughal schoolof peony (khatà't) and lotus. Severalmodêls of the calli_ the l7--early l8th centuriesand the Deccan schoolofthe graphicwriting (tr.23a,26a,27a), the miniatures(ff. t7a. 17thcentury as well as of the persianminiatures of the 20a,25a,34a),decoraÍed with thepainted frames in differ_ Isfahanschool of the late l6_l7th centuries. It also con_ ent water-coloursand gold ornament,evidently, were once tainsthe modelsof Persiancalligraphy art. the part of other albumsand afterwards,u,itho;t changing, In spite of the very high value of the wonderfrrl weremountedinÍhis Muraqqa' . miniaturesof the Album - Muraqqa, - and publica_ the Binding: the size is 22.5x36.j cm. Becauseof the tion of 17.of-them, up today its fulI corps práctically was specialway of mountingof Muraqqa,,Íhebinding hasonly unknownboth to the specialistsofthe pèrsian and Indian two protectivecovers (without the backsidecover book miniatureand persian and thê to the studentsof the calliera_ valve). The binding in papier macheis phy The following decorated,on the lines representan attempt to filt top cover, with a water-colourpainting the gap. coatedwith lac_ quer. The centralfield is decoratedwith floral (roses.tu_ The Album was madein the accordion(t1pe de con_ lips, peonies)and plant (large-leafbranches) motifs. sur_ certina) way: only on one side of the sheets ihere were roundedby a fine frameof gildedlines, against a dark red mrniaturesor the modelsof the calligraphy, which were backgroundsprinkled with gold dust.Around its edeeis a by nlirs, four pairedblocks combined (for example, 1n$a largeband embellishedwith a garlandof flowers kíatu.i\ ff. 14-15, 22-23,26-2j,32_33). The sizeof eactrfo_ on a black background.A fine band similar to the inside lio is 22.5X 36.5cm. 45 foliosin all. frame runs all the way around. The back cover of the Decoration:after the mountingof the Album on every binding is made and decoratedin the sameway. In the folio the preliminary marking out was made with thê centerof the cover,on a large leaf, is the signatureof the monochromeframe-lines, determining "Made the bordure lines, master-decorator- by the very humble Muham_ marginsand internal frames, which were to be decorated mad Shaf ibn MubammadMasrtr, tt-44 later. The artist-decorator,evidently, never [ti.3t-1732]'. started his The two insidecovers are madein the sameway: a mono- work, as all thesesheets remained unfinished exceptfolios centralfield (eold colour),framed by a dark gold I and 45 which were decoratedby the :hto.-9 master-detorator. band decoratedwith three white lines. It ii beheveà F. 1a:the marginsof to the thick glue paperagainst the green comefrom Isfahanor, probably,. background with the golden ornàmentaf painting- (ac_ Thereis someproblem about the dating of the Album. cording to the conventionalpatteÍn) - styliZed lotus and The bindingdates from lI44/1731_1,/32.It seemsto be peony(khata't) flowers with the figures óf the birds and contemporarywith the Album,scompilation. However, the phoenixin the upperpart of the margins. On the framesof existenceof the Indian miniatures,màde in the second the sheetthere is a brown half bordure stnpe with thin (white of the l8th century showsthat the decoration and green)lines, of the Al_ while the wide frame of the miniatureis bum had not beencompleted. It monochrome. wasfinished about the 60s F. 45:the marginsof the thick glue paperof ofthe 18thcenturv. the rose tint with the golden ornamental p'ainting (ac_

TheMasters of the Brushand ealam The Indian miniatures of two schoolsform a little Deccanschool of the first half of morethan a half the lTth century.The of the Muraqqa, (23 folios from 45): the is representedwith 2l miniatures Mughal schoolof the late l6-early |Aq8^na-t-sclrgol 1tr Z_S, lgth centuriesand the 7, 12,13, 19-21, 25,18, 19,34, 35, 37-39, 41, 44, 45):, 64 Ulonuscripto ()vientclio, voL.I No.3 DECEMBER1ee-{ while the Deccanschool with two miniatures(tr.30-31). 4. Mu'In Musawir - evidently, the most talented 'Abbási. No one of them has a signature,neither original, nor at- and prolifrc pupil of Ridà-yi His works are dated tributive.9 miniatureswere published (tr 3, 4,7, 12,20, backto 1635-l'70'7.He servedunder four representatives 28,30,31, 35), seeT. V. Grek,Indiískie miniatiury 16 of the Safavi dynasty,including the last Sultàn flusa1n 18w. (Moscow,1971), tabls. 9, I0,2'7,'7,5, 45,61,62,6. (r. 1694-1722). There are two miniatures,signed by hinr The Persianminiatures are lessnumerous - thereare inthe Muraqqa'(:tr.9, 16), one more could be attributedto only 14 of them(ff. 1, 6, 8-ll, 16-18, 24-36,40,42, him (f. 40). 'AlI 43). Theseare the works of the Isfahanschool of the late 5. QulI beg Jabbádàr - the famousartist, whose l6-late 17thcenturies. 9 of them are signedby the re- works has a Europeantouch. He worked under the reign markablemasteÍs. Two more miniaturesare beine attrib- of three last Safavides.His works are dated between utedhere. Artists: A.H. 1068 and ll29 (A.D.1657-l7l'7). There is one miniature,belonging to him (f. 1), made in the realistic l. SádiqbegAfshár, who bore the literarypseudonym manner. Sádiql(940-1018/1533-1610) - famousartist, poet, 6. Muhammad Sultánl - the artist, who worked in writer andwarrior. As an artist he servedunder the European trends of the school of the (r.1524-75'76).N the time of 'AbbásI (r. 1587-1629) lTthcentury.Two miniatures(ff. 42,43) ir.the Muraqqa' he wasappointed the headof the Royallibrary, but in 1593 belongto him. Without any doubthe was a contemporal-\' he rvas dismissed.There is one miniatrire undoubtedly of Sultánflusayn (r. 1694-1122). madeby him - "Portrait of TÍm[r Khán Turkmán" (f. 16, Eight Persianminiatures were published(ff. 1, 6, 10. "Scene seepl. I). at the DesolateTavern" also, probably, 11, 16, 17, 42,43), seeO. F. Akimushkin,A. A.Ivanor'. belongsto him. Persidskieminiatiury XIV-WIIw. (Moscow, 1968). 'All-Asghar tabls.75, 70, 64, 63, 7 4,'72,'7'7, 78. 2. Aqá-Ridáb. Káshànl,known as Rrdá- yi 'Abbásl(d.104417635) - an outstandingPersian artist, Calligraphy: in the Muraqqa' there are 8 models who createdthe whole epochin the Iranian art, founderof (tr 14,75,22,23,26,27,32,33) of thecalligraphic writ- (traditional) the Isfahan school of miniature of the ing (7 in nasta'lïq and one in shikasta-yinasta'lïq) in 17thcentury. (ff. Two miniatures 10, 11) and alsoa bril- Persian(7) andin Turkish (1), datedback to the middle of liant realistic "Portrait (f. of a Man' 17, seefront cover), the 16-beginning of the 18thcenturies. All of them were made 'Abd which was by the artist 8 monthsbefore his death, madein lran. Evidently,three mastersof six - al- belong him. to Wahhábal-Husayn1 al-Mashhad1 (f.32), SháhMuhammad 3. Muhammad Yusuf Musawir - evidently,one of Mashhadl (tr 14, 15) and Muhammad Ridá Tabnzr 'Abbásl the pupils of Ridá-yi and his fellows. His minia- (f.22) - wereamong the prominentcalligraphers of their "The ture Shaykh and the Harlot" (f. 6, seepl. 3) was time (in the secondhalf of the l6thcentury) and therr completedby him in 1068/1658. namesare mentioned in the narrativesources.

Structure of the Album

"Portrait "Portrait Miniature of MÍrzá Jalálá" (see p/. /). Art- Miniature of Lutf Alláh Khán". Mughal 'Ah ist - Quh (-beg Jabbádár). Isfahan school, the 70- school, early 18thc. There is an elucidatoryinscription "Him! "Lutf 80s of the lTth c. Annotated signature: This is the (upwards): Alláh Khán". D 181, f. 5a. Size: 9.7x 'All portrait of MIrzá Jalálá. The old slave, D 181, x 19.5cm. Indian ink, gouache,gold on paper. Qull". "The f. la. Size: 9.1 X 16 cm (hereafter the size of the mlruature Miniature Shaykh and the Harlot". Artist - without a frame is mentioned). Water-colour, gold, silver MubamrnadYlsuf Musalvir. Isfahanschool, A.H. 1068/ on paper. Publ.: Akimushkin, Ivanov, Persidskie mini- A.D. 1658. The miniatureillustrates the quatrain(ruba') 'Umar atiury, 33-34, Íab1.75, De Bagdad à Ispahan (Milan, by Khayyám(4.D. 1040-1123), which is written t994),240. in four coÍnersof the mimature.Annotated signature (in "Zàhir "Hel Miniature al-D1n Bábur on His Throne (?)". the centerup and down)on the miniature: Paintedby Mughal school, 18th c. Presumably the miniature Íepre- the most humbleMuhammad Yusuf Musawir in the sub- sents the founder of the Great Záhir al- lime,very pure and holy [city ofl Mashhad,1068". D 181, DIn Bábur, the Timurid (d. 1530). D 181, f.2a. Size: f.6a. Size:ll.3 x 18.2cm. Siyahqalamí,lndian ink, lac- 5.8 x 7,7 cm. Water-colour,gold, gouasheon paper. quer on paper. Publ.: Akimushkin, Ivanov, Persidskie "Portrait Miniature of Jahánglr Keeping Flowers miniatiury,30-31,tabl. 70; De Bagdadà Ispahan,242. "Elephant in His fught Hand". Mughal school, first quarter of Miniature Hunting". Mughal school, late the 17thc. D l8l, f. 3a. Size:6.8 x 12.3cm. Water colour, 17thc.D l8l, f.7a. Size:11.2 x 18.8cm. Water-colour, gold and gouasheon paper. Publ.: Grek, Indiískie mini- Indian ink, silver on paper. Publ.: Grek, Indiískie mini- atiury, tabl. 9. atiury, Íabl. 27. "Small "Scene Miniature Portraits of Five Different Persons Miniature at the DesolateTavern". Artist - and a Bud of Dog-Rose". The miniature consists of six presumably,Sádiq-beg Afshár (attributedhere to). Isfahan fragments made in different time and by different artists. school,ca. A.D. 1600.D 181, f. 8a. Size: 13x 19". Mughal school, late lTth c. It is partly executed in Water-colour,Indian ink, gouacheand gold on paper. "The the technique of siyahqalamï. D l8l, f. 4a. Size: 10.2X Miniature Teacher and the Pupil". Artist - x 14.8 cm. Water-colour, gouashe,Indian ink, gold on pa- Mu'Ín Musawir. Isfahanschool, A.H. 1085/A.D.16'74. "Completed per. Publ.: Grek,Indiískie miniatiury, tabl. 10. Signature@elow in the center): on Sunday20 O. AKIMUSHKIN. Muraqqa'. Album of the Indian and Persian Miniatures of the l6-l8th Centuries in the month of RabI' II in the year 1085for the muraqqa'. Persian lyrical poem. Wonderful small-size nasta'líq. Mu'rn Musawir made,practicing". D 181, f. 9a. Size: D 181,f. 17a.Size: 8.5 x 12.1cm. Water-colour,Indian 12x20.2 cm. Water-colour,Indian ink, gold on paper. ink onpaper.Publ.: Akimushkin, Ivanov, Persidskie mini- "Portrait Mimature of a Man with the Chandelier". atiury,26-30, tabl.62; De Bagdadà Ispahan,243. 'Abbásl. Artist - Ridà-yi Isfahan school, early 17thc. Miniature "Portrait of a Young Man'. Isfahanschool, "Made Signature(to the right): for Mubammad-Báqir, the secondhalf of the 17thc. D 181, f. 18a. Size: 6.7x most amiablefrom the sons,may Allah continuehis life x I2.7 cm.Water-colour, gold on paper. 'Abbásl for centuries.The humbleRidá-yi has made".On Miniature "Meeting in the Mountains". Mughal the marginsround the miniaturein 14 cartouchesa lyrical school,late 16-earl,v lTth cc. D 181, f. 19a. Size: 6 x poemis written.Small-size nasta'líq. D 181,f. 10 a. Size: x 11cm. Water-colour, Indian ink on paper. 8.7x4.8 cm. Water-colour,Indian ink on paper.Publ.: Miniature"Scene in the Harem".Mughal school,early Akimushkin, Ivanov, Pe r si dsk i e mi ni ati ury, 28, tabl. 64. lTth c. The miniature \.vasonce taken from somealbum "Dawishes' Miniature Ritual Ceremonl'. Artist - and mounted,according to the marginswith the designsof 'Abbásl Ridá-yi lsfahanschool, A.H. 1031/4.D.1622. the flowersof ,in the first half of the l?th c. D 181, "This Signature(in the lower left corner): mailis was de- f.20a. Size:l2.5xI'7.3 cm.. rviththe margins- 19x picted on Friday 18 in the happymonth of Shawál in the x26 cm. Water-colour,gold and silver on paper.Publ.: 'Abbásr year 1031.The humble Ridá-yi has executed". Grek,Indiískie miniatiury, 14, tabl.5 (on page52, No. 5 D 181,f. 11a.Size. 11.1x 17.8cm. Water-colour,Indian waserroneously attributed to the RussianNational Library ink onpaper. Publ.: Akimushkin,Ivanov. Persidskie mini' in St. Petersburg(call numberDorn 489). "Jahángtr atiury,29, tabl. 63. Miniature ReceivesAmbassadors with the "Portrait Miniature of Jahánglrwith the Falconon His Contribution".Mughal school,first half of the 17thc. Style Left Hand". Mughal school, first third of the 17thc. andcolours ofthe personages'dressand that oftheir head- D 181,f. 12a.Size: 9.6 x 16.8cm. Water-colour,gold and gearsallow to supposethe deprctedpeople to be the inhabi- Indian ink on paper. Publ.: Grek, Indiískie miniatiury, tants of the Muslim region.D 181, f.2la. Size'.12.3x tabl.'7. x 20.3cm. Water-colour, silver and gold on paper. "Woman-Musician Miniature with the Sitar". Mughal A model of calligraphicwriting (qit'a). Large-size school,late 17thc. D 181,f. 13a.Size: 4.5 x 9.9cm. Wa- nasta'liq.The .Calligrapher - Mulam- ter-colour,gold on paper. mad Ridá TabrÍzt (d. ca. 1595),an outstandingmaster of (qit'a). Medium and Íhe nasta'lïq script and siyahmashq., (?), A model of calligraphicwriting "Poor small-sizenasta'lïq. Calligrapher- a famousmaster of A.H. 986/A.D.15'78-15'79. Signature: Muhammad the script slylesnasta'liq and thulth - SháhMuhammad RidáTabrÍzÍ. 986". D 181,f.22a. Size11X 18.5cm. In- Mashhadll, known as VáthiqI (d. ca. 1570).The 60-70s dian ink, paper. of the 16thc. Iran (Mashhad?).8 lines: the versesby the A model of calligraphic writing (qit'a). Large-srze "Sháh calligrapher. Signature: Muhammad executed, nasta'lïq. Calligrapher- Qavámal-Din Muhammad,fa- practicing".D 181,f. 14a.Size: 7 xI8.2 cm. BlackIndian mous representativeof the Shiraz school of calligraphy. ink, tinted paper. Iran, (Shiraz'/),A.H. 10'7'71A.D. 1666-1667. Signature: "This A model of calligraphicwriting (qit'a). Medium-size rvas written by the poor sinner Qavám al-Din nasta'lïq. Calligrapher- Sháh Mulrammad[Mashhadl]. Muhammad.May lAllah] forgivehis sins. 70'7'7".D 181, The 60-70s of the 16thc. Iran, town of SárI.4 lines. Sig- f.23a. Size: 8.8X 18.7cm. Indian ink, golden dust natuÍe:"This qit'a waswritten in SárIby the humbleSháh on paper. "Rustam Mulrammad".D 181,f. i5a. Size:6.5x 1'7.9cm. Black In- Miniature Defeating White Dev". Isfahan dian ink, tinted paper. school,early 17thc. Miniature borrows the subjectfrom "Sháh-náma" Miniature "Portrait of ïmtr-khán Turkmán". Two by Firdausr-(d. A.D. 1010/1020).Having in artists- Sádiq-begAfshàr and Mu'Ín Musawir. Isfahan mind to help SháhKay-Kalus, imprisoned in Mazendaran, school,17th c. The miniaturetvas begun in A.H. 1002/ the hero Rustam performed seven heroic deeds. The A.D. 1593-1594 by Sádiq-begAfshár (d.A.H. 1018/ miniaturedepicts the last of them. D l8l, f.21a. Size: A.D. 1609-i610) and completed in A.H. 1095/ 12.5x 18.3cm. Water-colour, Indian ink , goldon paper. "An A.D. 1683-1684 by Mu'in Musawir. Signature(in the Miniature Aristocrat's Departure". Mughal lower right corner):"The portrait of the late Ïmur-khàn school, late 16-ear\ lTth cc. The miniature is lightly Turkmán,painted in 1002by the late Sádiqi-begAfshár. tinted with the pink and gold semis.In the centerof the Completedin 1095by the miserableslave Mu'tn Musav- wide stripe, surroundingthe internal frame of the minia- vir. May his life be long!". D l8l, f. l6a. Size:11.6x ture,there are12 rectangularcartouches rvith the versesby x 19.3cm. Water-colour, Indian ink, goldon paper.Publ.: the great Persianpoet Shamsal-Din Muhammad HáÍiz Akimushkin, Ivanov, Persidskieminiatiury, 32, Íabl.74', (d.A.H. 7911A.D.1389), written in wonderfulsmall-size De Bagdadà Ispahan,24l. nasta'lïq. The backgroundof the frames is gilded, deco- Miniature "Portrait of a Man". Artist - fudá-yi ratedwith the gold spiral of convolmlus.D 181, f. 25a. 'Abbás1.Isfahan school, A.H. 1044/A.D.1635. Annotated Size: 10x 15.5cm. Black Indian ink, rvater-colour,gold "Completed signature(in the top right corner): on Thurs- on paper.The miniature is very close stylisticallyto the day,6 in the month of RabI' I in the year 1044[August 30, miniatureof lhe Muraqqa' from The RussianNational Li- 'Abbás1". 16341.Painted by the most humble Ridá-yi brary collectionin St. Petersburg(call numberDorn 489). Aboveand below in the caÍouchethere are 6 lines of the Cf. Grek,Indiískie miniatiury,12-13, tabl. 1. 66 iltJansruscriptr ()vientalio, vol. I No.3 DECEMBER1,r,,:

A model of calligraphic writing (qit'a). Large-size andMashhad in the 70-90s of the 16thc. Evidentlr-.Isfa- nasta'lrq.Calligrapher - Turább. Fadll Ansàrr-(Isfahánl). han school,the 10-20s of the lTth c. D 181,f. 36a.Sizc "The Signature: praying slaveTuráb b. Fadll Ansàr1".The 14.5x 25.5cm. Water-colour,Indian ink, gold on papcr 80-90s of the l6thc. Iran-India. The text is decorated: SeeA. K. Coomaraswamy,Les minioturesorientales de i.; the lines are surroundedwith the points and black waved collectionGoloubew au Museumof Fine Arts de Bo.\r()t: line (tahrïr-i mfrshdandan).The gildedbackground has in @aris-Bruxelles,1929), 35, No. 48, pl. XXVI; B. Grar. the center herbal ornament, performed with the lighter La PeinturePersane (Genève, 1971), 157 (in colourr. "Muhammadi gold and paints. At the top and at the bottom ofthe sheet B. W. Robinson, and the Khurasan sq'Ie". thereare two triangular caÍouchesofthe blue background Iran,vol.XXX (1992),17-29. "Dinner with the ornament (islimï-yi barg) D 181, f.26a. Size: Miniature in the RoyalTent at Hunting". Mu- 7.3 x l'7.5 cm. Water-colour,gold, Indian ink on paper. ghal school, first quarter of the 17thc. Probably, thrs A model of calligraphic writing (qit'a). Large-size multi-hguredcomposition had not beenfinished, only gold nasta'lïq.Iran, the 80-90s of the l6thc. The modelis wasput on.D 181,f . 37a.Size: 13.5 X 23.2cm. Gouache. decoratedmasterly: the lines are framedwith gold (tarsï'), Indian ink and gold on paper. "Portrait there are alsothe wavedblack stripe(tahrïr), a flower and Miniature of Sháh 'Àlam I Bahàdur-sháh" herbal ornamenÍ(khatd'i and islïmr-yi bargi). D 181, Mughal school,first quarterof the 18thc. The miniaturers f.27a. Size:9 x 16 cm. Black Indian ink, gold and water- incomplete.At the top of it there is a signature:"Sháh 'Àlam colouron paper. Bahádur-sháh,the governor and the warrior for "Sacrifice 'Àlani Miniature to Shiva". Mughal provincial faith', i. e. lhe Great Mughal Emperor Shàh school,first quarterofthe 18thc. D 181,f. 28a.Size: 15 x (r.1707-1112).D 181,f. 38a.Size: 13x2I.2 cm.Water- x23 cm. Water-colour,gold on paper.Publ.: Grek,Indií- colour,Indian ink on paper. "PoÍrait skiemini atiury, tabl. 45. Miniature of Sultán Mahmtd". Mughai "Conversation Miniature of Two Noble Indian Women school,Iate l1---early l8th c. The miniaturewas enlarged in the Presenceof Two Servantswith Fans". Mughal at the bottom,but not completed.At the top there is a sig- "Portrait school, late l1-

Illustrations

Front cover: 'Abbási, Fol. 17a.Portrait of a Man by Ridá-yi 11.8x 8.2cm.

Back cover: 'fimurKhànTurkmanby Plate 1. Fol. 16a.Portrait of SádiqibegAfshar, 19.3 x 11.6cm. Plate2. Fol. 36a.The Darvishes Picnic inthe Mountains.Probably Isfahan school,25.5 x 14.5cm Plate 3. Fol. 6a. The Shaykhand the Harlotby MuhammadYltsuf Musavvir,18.2 x 11.3cm. 'Al1 Plate 4. Fol. 1a. Portraitof Mrzá Jalálaby QulI begJabbádar, 16.0 x 9.1cm. RUSSIANACADEMY OF SCIENCES THE INSTITUTEOF ORIENTALSTUDIES ST.PETERSBURG BRANCH

ryAnnuscri pt6 Oui ento,Jia

Jntevnotionol lfouvnol fov ()vientnl 4{,onuscript Qeseovcll

Vol. 1 No. 3 December1995

THESA ST.PETERSBURG-HELSINKI I

l. E- r\Br Í;;X;;i;:i;:*

CONTENTS

TEXTSAND MANUSCRIPTS..DESCRIPTION AND RESEARCH

L. Menshikov. A Fragmentof an Unknown Leishu from Tunhuang . T. Sultanov. The Structureof Islamic History Book (The Method of Anal-ysis). lr

7'OT'HE HISTORY OF OruENTALTEXTOLOGY

Ií Kepping. The Offrcial Nane of the Tangut Empire as Reflected in the Native Tangut Texts

PRESEAITII{GTHE COLLECTIONS .

T. Pang. Rare ManchuManuscripts from the Collectionof the St.Petersburg Branch of the Instituteof OrientalStudies. Russian Academv of Sciences

ORIENTAI.NANUSCRI PTS AND }{EWINFORMATION TECHNOI,OGIES CorresponrJenc:eRound table:,'Farsi OCR . .

A. Matveev.Sakhr Bilingual OCR (Al-Qari' al-Ali). A User'sInitial Impressions -t\ J. Befl & P. 7*manek.Test of TrvoArabic OCR Prosrams P. Roochnik. Itisalat OCR Discussion :\

PRESENTIIVGTHE MAN( I,SCNPT r,i

O. Akimushkin. lluraqqa'. Album of the Indian and PersianMiniatures of the l6-18th Centuriesand the Models of the PersianCalligraphy of the SamePeriod

BOOKAND SOFTWAREREVIEW

Color plates: Muraqqa'.Album of the Indianand PersianMiniatures of the 1É-l8th Centuries and the Modelsof the PersianCalligraphy of the SamePeriod (see p. ó3__óD.

Front cover: 'Abbást, Fol. 17a.Portrait of a Man by fu{á.yi ll.8 x8;2 cm.

Back cover: Plate l. Fol. lóa. Portraitof fimtr KhanTurlanan by SadiqÍbeg Afshàr, 19.3 x I1.6 cm. Plate2. Fol. 36a.The DarvishesPicnic in Íhe Mountains.Probably lsfahan school, 25-5x I4.5 cm. Plate3. Fol. 6a. The Shaykhand the Harlot by MuhanmadYnsuf Musawir, i8.2 X 11.3cm. 'AlÍ Plate 4. FóI. la, Portraítof Mrrzá Jalàlàby Quli begJabbàdàr; 16.0 x 9.1 cm.