DOCSLIB.ORG

Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 91.313

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 91.313 Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 91.313 (2) The towing aircraft is equipped light vehicle, in a manner that endan- with a tow-hitch of a kind, and in- gers the life or property of another. stalled in a manner, that is approved [Doc. No. 18834, 54 FR 34308, Aug. 18, 1989, as by the Administrator; amended by Amdt. 91–227, 56 FR 65661, Dec. (3) The towline used has breaking 17, 1991; Amdt. 91–282, 69 FR 44880, July 27, strength not less than 80 percent of the 2004] maximum certificated operating weight of the glider or unpowered § 91.311 Towing: Other than under ultralight vehicle and not more than § 91.309. twice this operating weight. However, No pilot of a civil aircraft may tow the towline used may have a breaking anything with that aircraft (other than strength more than twice the max- under § 91.309) except in accordance imum certificated operating weight of with the terms of a certificate of waiv- the glider or unpowered ultralight ve- er issued by the Administrator. hicle if— (i) A safety link is installed at the § 91.313 Restricted category civil air- point of attachment of the towline to craft: Operating limitations. the glider or unpowered ultralight ve- (a) No person may operate a re- hicle with a breaking strength not less stricted category civil aircraft— than 80 percent of the maximum cer- (1) For other than the special purpose tificated operating weight of the glider for which it is certificated; or or unpowered ultralight vehicle and (2) In an operation other than one not greater than twice this operating necessary to accomplish the work ac- weight; tivity directly associated with that (ii) A safety link is installed at the special purpose. point of attachment of the towline to (b) For the purpose of paragraph (a) the towing aircraft with a breaking of this section, operating a restricted strength greater, but not more than 25 category civil aircraft to provide flight percent greater, than that of the safety crewmember training in a special pur- link at the towed glider or unpowered pose operation for which the aircraft is ultralight vehicle end of the towline certificated is considered to be an oper- and not greater than twice the max- ation for that special purpose. imum certificated operating weight of (c) No person may operate a re- the glider or unpowered ultralight ve- stricted category civil aircraft car- hicle; rying persons or property for com- (4) Before conducting any towing op- pensation or hire. For the purposes of eration within the lateral boundaries this paragraph, a special purpose oper- of the surface areas of Class B, Class C, ation involving the carriage of persons Class D, or Class E airspace designated or material necessary to accomplish for an airport, or before making each that operation, such as crop dusting, towing flight within such controlled seeding, spraying, and banner towing airspace if required by ATC, the pilot (including the carrying of required per- in command notifies the control tower. sons or material to the location of that If a control tower does not exist or is operation), and operation for the pur- not in operation, the pilot in command pose of providing flight crewmember must notify the FAA flight service sta- training in a special purpose operation, tion serving that controlled airspace are not considered to be the carriage of before conducting any towing oper- persons or property for compensation ations in that airspace; and or hire. (5) The pilots of the towing aircraft (d) No person may be carried on a re- and the glider or unpowered ultralight stricted category civil aircraft unless vehicle have agreed upon a general that person— course of action, including takeoff and (1) Is a flight crewmember; release signals, airspeeds, and emer- (2) Is a flight crewmember trainee; gency procedures for each pilot. (3) Performs an essential function in (b) No pilot of a civil aircraft may in- connection with a special purpose oper- tentionally release a towline, after re- ation for which the aircraft is certifi- lease of a glider or unpowered ultra- cated; or 743 VerDate Mar<15>2010 18:16 Mar 01, 2012 Jkt 226045 PO 00000 Frm 00753 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Q:\14\14V2 ofr150 PsN: PC150.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Evaluation and Flight Assessment of a Scale Glider
    Dissertations and Theses 8-2014 Evaluation and Flight Assessment of a Scale Glider Alvydas Anthony Civinskas Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Daytona Beach Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/edt Part of the Aerospace Engineering Commons Scholarly Commons Citation Civinskas, Alvydas Anthony, "Evaluation and Flight Assessment of a Scale Glider" (2014). Dissertations and Theses. 41. https://commons.erau.edu/edt/41 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Evaluation and Flight Assessment of a Scale Glider by Alvydas Anthony Civinskas A Thesis Submitted to the College of Engineering Department of Aerospace Engineering in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beach, Florida August 2014 Acknowledgements The first person I would like to thank is my committee chair Dr. William Engblom for all the help, guidance, energy, and time he put into helping me. I would also like to thank Dr. Hever Moncayo for giving up his time, patience, and knowledge about flight dynamics and testing. Without them, this project would not have materialized nor survived the many bumps in the road. Secondly, I would like to thank the RC pilot Daniel Harrison for his time and effort in taking up the risky and stressful work of piloting. Individuals like Jordan Beckwith and Travis Billette cannot be forgotten for their numerous contributions in getting the motor test stand made and helping in creating the air data boom pod so that test data.
    [Show full text]
  • Ai2019-2 Aircraft Serious Incident Investigation Report
    AI2019-2 AIRCRAFT SERIOUS INCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT ACADEMIC CORPORATE BODY JAPAN AVIATION ACADEMY J A 2 4 5 1 March 28, 2019 The objective of the investigation conducted by the Japan Transport Safety Board in accordance with the Act for Establishment of the Japan Transport Safety Board and with Annex 13 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation is to prevent future accidents and incidents. It is not the purpose of the investigation to apportion blame or liability. Kazuhiro Nakahashi Chairman Japan Transport Safety Board Note: This report is a translation of the Japanese original investigation report. The text in Japanese shall prevail in the interpretation of the report. AIRCRAFT SERIOUS INCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT INABILITY TO OPERATE DUE TO DAMAGE TO LANDING GEAR DURING FORCED LANDING ON A GRASSY FIELD ABOUT 3 KM SOUTHWEST OF NOTO AIRPORT, JAPAN AT ABOUT 15:00 JST, SEPTEMBER 26, 2018 ACADEMIC CORPORATE BODY JAPAN AVIATION ACADEMY VALENTIN TAIFUN 17EII (MOTOR GLIDER: TWO SEATER), JA2451 February 22, 2019 Adopted by the Japan Transport Safety Board Chairman Kazuhiro Nakahashi Member Toru Miyashita Member Toshiyuki Ishikawa Member Yuichi Marui Member Keiji Tanaka Member Miwa Nakanishi 1. PROCESS AND PROGRESS OF THE INVESTIGATION 1.1 Summary of On Wednesday, September 26, 2018, a Valentin Taifun 17EII (motor the Serious glider), registered JA2451, owned by Japan Aviation Academy, took off from Incident Noto Airport in order to make a test flight before the airworthiness inspection. During the flight, as causing trouble in its electric system, the aircraft tried to return to Noto Airport by gliding, but made a forced landing on a grassy field about 3 km short of Noto Airport, and sustained damage to the landing gear, therefore, the operation of the aircraft could not be continued.
    [Show full text]
  • AMA FPG-9 Glider OBJECTIVES – Students Will Learn About the Basics of How Flight Works by Creating a Simple Foam Glider
    AEX MARC_Layout 1 1/10/13 3:03 PM Page 18 activity two AMA FPG-9 Glider OBJECTIVES – Students will learn about the basics of how flight works by creating a simple foam glider. – Students will be introduced to concepts about air pressure, drag and how aircraft use control surfaces to climb, turn, and maintain stable flight. Activity Credit: Credit and permission to reprint – The Academy of Model Aeronautics (AMA) and Mr. Jack Reynolds, a volunteer at the National Model Aviation Museum, has graciously given the Civil Air Patrol permission to reprint the FPG-9 model plan and instructions here. More activities and suggestions for classroom use of model aircraft can be found by contacting the Academy of Model Aeronautics Education Committee at their website, buildandfly.com. MATERIALS • FPG-9 pattern • 9” foam plate • Scissors • Clear tape • Ink pen • Penny 18 AEX MARC_Layout 1 1/10/13 3:03 PM Page 19 BACKGROUND Control surfaces on an airplane help determine the movement of the airplane. The FPG-9 glider demonstrates how the elevons and the rudder work. Elevons are aircraft control surfaces that combine the functions of the elevator (used for pitch control) and the aileron (used for roll control). Thus, elevons at the wing trailing edge are used for pitch and roll control. They are frequently used on tailless aircraft such as flying wings. The rudder is the small moving section at the rear of the vertical stabilizer that is attached to the fixed sections by hinges. Because the rudder moves, it varies the amount of force generated by the tail surface and is used to generate and control the yawing (left and right) motion of the aircraft.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 61.45
    Federal Aviation Administration, DOT Pt. 61 Vmcl Minimum Control Speed—Landing. 61.35 Knowledge test: Prerequisites and Vmu The speed at which the last main passing grades. landing gear leaves the ground. 61.37 Knowledge tests: Cheating or other VR Rotate Speed. unauthorized conduct. VS Stall Speed or minimum speed in the 61.39 Prerequisites for practical tests. stall. 61.41 Flight training received from flight WAT Weight, Altitude, Temperature. instructors not certificated by the FAA. 61.43 Practical tests: General procedures. END QPS REQUIREMENTS 61.45 Practical tests: Required aircraft and equipment. [Doc. No. FAA–2002–12461, 73 FR 26490, May 9, 61.47 Status of an examiner who is author- 2008] ized by the Administrator to conduct practical tests. PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, 61.49 Retesting after failure. FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND 61.51 Pilot logbooks. 61.52 Use of aeronautical experience ob- GROUND INSTRUCTORS tained in ultralight vehicles. 61.53 Prohibition on operations during med- SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION NO. ical deficiency. 73 61.55 Second-in-command qualifications. SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION NO. 61.56 Flight review. 100–2 61.57 Recent flight experience: Pilot in com- SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION NO. mand. 118–2 61.58 Pilot-in-command proficiency check: Operation of an aircraft that requires Subpart A—General more than one pilot flight crewmember or is turbojet-powered. Sec. 61.59 Falsification, reproduction, or alter- 61.1 Applicability and definitions. ation of applications, certificates, 61.2 Exercise of Privilege. logbooks, reports, or records. 61.3 Requirement for certificates, ratings, 61.60 Change of address.
    [Show full text]
  • Glider Handbook, Chapter 2: Components and Systems
    Chapter 2 Components and Systems Introduction Although gliders come in an array of shapes and sizes, the basic design features of most gliders are fundamentally the same. All gliders conform to the aerodynamic principles that make flight possible. When air flows over the wings of a glider, the wings produce a force called lift that allows the aircraft to stay aloft. Glider wings are designed to produce maximum lift with minimum drag. 2-1 Glider Design With each generation of new materials and development and improvements in aerodynamics, the performance of gliders The earlier gliders were made mainly of wood with metal has increased. One measure of performance is glide ratio. A fastenings, stays, and control cables. Subsequent designs glide ratio of 30:1 means that in smooth air a glider can travel led to a fuselage made of fabric-covered steel tubing forward 30 feet while only losing 1 foot of altitude. Glide glued to wood and fabric wings for lightness and strength. ratio is discussed further in Chapter 5, Glider Performance. New materials, such as carbon fiber, fiberglass, glass reinforced plastic (GRP), and Kevlar® are now being used Due to the critical role that aerodynamic efficiency plays in to developed stronger and lighter gliders. Modern gliders the performance of a glider, gliders often have aerodynamic are usually designed by computer-aided software to increase features seldom found in other aircraft. The wings of a modern performance. The first glider to use fiberglass extensively racing glider have a specially designed low-drag laminar flow was the Akaflieg Stuttgart FS-24 Phönix, which first flew airfoil.
    [Show full text]
  • Efficient Light Aircraft Design – Options from Gliding
    Efficient Light Aircraft Design – Options from Gliding Howard Torode Member of General Aviation Group and Chairman BGA Technical Committee Presentation Aims • Recognise the convergence of interest between ultra-lights and sailplanes • Draw on experiences of sailplane designers in pursuit of higher aerodynamic performance. • Review several feature of current sailplanes that might be of wider use. • Review the future for the recreational aeroplane. Lift occurs in localised areas A glider needs efficiency and manoeuvrability Drag contributions for a glider Drag at low speed dominated by Induced drag (due to lift) Drag at high ASW-27 speeds Glider (total) drag polar dominated by profile drag & skin friction So what are the configuration parameters? - Low profile drag: Wing section design is key - Low skin friction: maximise laminar areas - Low induced drag – higher efficiencies demand greater spans, span efficiency and Aspect Ratio - Low parasitic drag – reduce excrescences such as: undercarriage, discontinuities of line and no leaks/gaps. - Low trim drag – small tails with efficient surface coupled with low stability for frequent speed changing. - Wide load carrying capacity in terms of pilot weight and water ballast Progress in aerodynamic efficiency 1933 - 2010 1957: Phoenix (16m) 1971: Nimbus 2 (20.3m) 2003: Eta (30.8m) 2010: Concordia (28m) 1937: Wiehe (18m) Wooden gliders Metal gliders Composite gliders In praise of Aspect Ratio • Basic drag equation in in non-dimensional, coefficient terms: • For an aircraft of a given scale, aspect ratio is the single overall configuration parameter that has direct leverage on performance. Induced drag - the primary contribution to drag at low speed, is inversely proportional to aspect ratio • An efficient wing is a key driver in optimising favourable design trades in other aspects of performance such as wing loading and cruise performance.
    [Show full text]
  • Fitzpatrick Biography
    The James L. G. Fitz Patrick Papers Archives & Special Collections College of Staten Island Library, CUNY 2800 Victory Blvd., 1L-216 Staten Island, NY 10314 © 2005, 2018 The College of Staten Island, CUNY Finding Aid by James A. Kaser Overview of the Collection Collection No. : CM-4 Title: The James L. G. Fitz Patrick Papers Creator: James L. G. Fitz Patrick (1906-1998) Dates: c. 1926-1998 Extent: Approximately 1.5 Linear Feet Abstract: Prof. James L. G. Fitzpatrick was a faculty member and administrator at the Staten Island Community College from 1959 to 1976. He taught and served as Head of the Department of Mechanical Technology. He was appointed the first Academic Dean of the college in 1959, serving as Dean of the Faculty and acting under the college president to administer the academic program. He also coordinated a large part of the planning for the college’s campus in Sunnyside, completed in 1967. Fitz Patrick became Dean for Operations and Development in 1971 and held that position until his retirement in 1976. Fitz Patrick was widely recognized as an expert on natural flight and aeronautics. This fragmentary collection mostly documents some of Fitz Patrick’s research activities. Administrative Information Preferred Citation The James L. G. Fitz Patrick Papers, Archives & Special Collections, Department of the Library, College of Staten Island, CUNY, Staten Island, New York Acquisition The papers were donated by Fitz Patrick’s stepson, Harold J. Smith. Processing Information Collection processed by the staff of Archives & Special Collections. 1 Restrictions Access Access to this record group is unrestricted.
    [Show full text]
  • Design of a Micro-Aircraft Glider
    Design of A Micro-Aircraft Glider Major Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Degree of Bachelor of Science Submitted by: ______________________ ______________________ Zaki Akhtar Ryan Fredette ___________________ ___________________ Phil O’Sullivan Daniel Rosado Approved by: ______________________ _____________________ Professor David Olinger Professor Simon Evans 2 Certain materials are included under the fair use exemption of the U.S. Copyright Law and have been prepared according to the fair use guidelines and are restricted from further use. 3 Abstract The goal of this project was to design an aircraft to compete in the micro-class of the 2013 SAE Aero Design West competition. The competition scores are based on empty weight and payload fraction. The team chose to construct a glider, which reduces empty weight by not employing a propulsion system. Thus, a launching system was designed to launch the micro- aircraft to a sufficient height to allow the aircraft to complete the required flight by gliding. The rules state that all parts of the aircraft and launcher must be contained in a 24” x 18” x 8” box. This glider concept was unique because the team implemented fabric wings to save substantial weight and integrated the launcher into the box to allow as much space as possible for the aircraft components. The empty weight of the aircraft is 0.35 lb, while also carrying a payload weight of about 0.35 lb. Ultimately, the aircraft was not able to complete the required flight because the team achieved 50% of its desired altitude during tests.
    [Show full text]
  • NASA Styrofoam Tray Glider.Pdf
    RIGHT FLIGHT Objectives The students will: Construct a flying model glider. Determine weight and balance of a glider. Standards and Skills Science Science as Inquiry Physical Science Science and Technology Unifying Concepts and Processes Science Process Skills Observing Measuring Collecting Data Inferring Predicting Making Models Controlling Variables Mathematics Problem Solving Reasoning Prediction Measurement Background On December 17, 1903, two brothers, Wilbur and Orville Wright, became the first humans to fly a controllable, powered airplane. To unravel the mysteries of flight, the Wright brothers built and experimented extensively with model gliders. Gliders are airplanes without motors or a power source. 52 Aeronautics: An Educator’s Guide EG-2002-06-105-HQ Building and flying model gliders helped the Wright brothers learn and understand the importance of weight and balance in air- planes. If the weight of the airplane is not positioned properly, the airplane will not fly. For example, too much weight in the front (nose) will cause the airplane to dive toward the ground. The precise balance of a model glider can be determined by varying the location of small weights. Wilbur and Orville also learned that the design of an airplane was very important. Experimenting with models of different designs showed that airplanes fly best when the wings, fuselage, and tail are designed and balanced to interact with each other. The Wright Flyer was the first airplane to complete a controlled takeoff and landing. To manage flight direction, airplanes use control surfaces. Elevators are control surfaces that make the nose of the airplane pitch up and down. A rudder is used to move the nose left and right.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Teacher/Parent Guide
    A World In Motion® SAE STEM@Home™: Up, Up in the Air EDUCATOR GUIDE Resources from A World In Motion® What Is a Glider? A glider is a unique type of aircraft because it has no engine. Gliders are pulled into the air by powered aircraft and then released when they have reached a certain height. Gliders can stay aloft for many hours—the world record for a single-person glider flight is 56 hours, though glider flight duration records are no longer recognized because it is dangerous. Making a Glider Glider Supplies If your child hasn’t had a chance to play with a Glider, you can make one at home! You’ll need the following materials: • Thin Styrofoam sheets (meats and vegetables from the supermarket often come in Styrofoam trays). You will need pieces that have the following dimensions: − Wings: 36 cm x 6 cm (approximately 14” x 2.5”) − Stabilizer: 6 cm x 12 cm (2.5” x 5”) − Rudder: 6 cm x 7 cm (2.5” x 2.75”) • 3/8” x 3/8” balsa or basswood stick (45 cm/18”) • Small piece of balsa • Rubber bands • Modeling clay • Glue (preferably a low-heat hot glue gun) To assemble the glider, cut the Styrofoam wing, stabilizer, and stabilizer assembly. Use a pen to score the rudder 1 cm from the edge and bend the Styrofoam. Glue the stabilizer assembly perpen- dicularly to the stabilizer in the center—do not glue the 1 cm moveable rudder to the stabilizer. 1cm 6cm Wing 6cm Rudder 12cm 6cm 6cm 36cm Stabilizer 45cm Fuselage 5cm Rubber bands 2 SAE STEM@HOME™ | Up, Up in the Air Use the rubber bands to attach the wing and stabilizer to the fuselage.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wright Brothers Played with As Small Boys
    1878 1892 The Flying Toy: A small toy “helicopter”— made of wood with two twisted rubber bands to turn a small propeller—that the Wright brothers played with as small boys. The Bicycle Business: The Wright brothers opened a bicycle store in 1892. Their 1900 experience with bicycles aided them in their The Wright Way: investigations of flight. The Process of Invention The Search for Control: From their observations of how buzzards kept their balance, the Wright brothers began their aeronautical research in 1899 with a kite/glider. In 1900, they built their first glider designed to carry a pilot. Wilbur and Orville Wright Inventors Wilbur and Orville Wright placed their names firmly in the hall of great 1901 American inventors with the creation of the world’s first successful powered, heavier-than-air machine to achieve controlled, sustained flight Ohio with a pilot aboard. The age of powered flight began with the Wright 1903 Flyer on December 17, 1903, at Kill Devil Hills, NC. The Wright brothers began serious experimentation in aeronautics in 1899 and perfected a controllable craft by 1905. In six years, the Wrights had used remarkable creativity and originality to provide technical solutions, practical mechanical Birthplace design tools, and essential components that resulted in a profitable aircraft. They did much more than simply get a flying machine off the ground. They established the fundamental principles of aircraft design and engineering in place today. In 1908 and 1909, they demonstrated their flying machine pub- licly in the United States and Europe. By 1910, the Wright Company was of Aviation manufacturing airplanes for sale.
    [Show full text]
  • Flying with Water Ballast
    Flying with Water Ballast Apart from basic training two seaters, most gliders have the ability to carry water ballast. The sole reason for carrying water ballast is to increase the cross country speed on a task. Water ballast achieves this by increasing the wing loading of the glider. A glider with a higher wing loading has the same polar curve one with a lower wing loading but the polar curve moves sideways along the higher speed range. This means a high wing loading gives the glider the same sink rate but at a higher cruising speed. For example, a glider with no water ballast might have a sink rate 0f 3 knots at 60 knots cruising speed. That same glider with full water would achieve the same sink rate but now at 70 knots. This in turn translates to a higher cross country speed in cruise. As with all things though, you don’t get something for nothing. While water ballast will increase cruise speeds, it will also decrease climb rates as the glider has more mass. So what is the point of using water ballast then? Glider pilots will only fill up with water ballast on “strong” days because a strong thermal will offset the negatives of a lower climb rate while still keeping the desirable higher cruise speeds. Tail Ballast Some gliders have tail ballast tanks fitted. These are used to counteract the centre of gravity change from the water ballast in the wings. Most gliders carry water ballast in the “D Box” section of the wing in front of the spar.
    [Show full text]