Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 91.313

(2) The towing aircraft is equipped light vehicle, in a manner that endan- with a tow-hitch of a kind, and in- gers the life or property of another. stalled in a manner, that is approved [Doc. No. 18834, 54 FR 34308, Aug. 18, 1989, as by the Administrator; amended by Amdt. 91–227, 56 FR 65661, Dec. (3) The towline used has breaking 17, 1991; Amdt. 91–282, 69 FR 44880, July 27, strength not less than 80 percent of the 2004] maximum certificated operating weight of the glider or unpowered § 91.311 Towing: Other than under ultralight vehicle and not more than § 91.309. twice this operating weight. However, No pilot of a civil aircraft may tow the towline used may have a breaking anything with that aircraft (other than strength more than twice the max- under § 91.309) except in accordance imum certificated operating weight of with the terms of a certificate of waiv- the glider or unpowered ultralight ve- er issued by the Administrator. hicle if— (i) A safety link is installed at the § 91.313 Restricted category civil air- point of attachment of the towline to craft: Operating limitations. the glider or unpowered ultralight ve- (a) No person may operate a re- hicle with a breaking strength not less stricted category civil aircraft— than 80 percent of the maximum cer- (1) For other than the special purpose tificated operating weight of the glider for which it is certificated; or or unpowered ultralight vehicle and (2) In an operation other than one not greater than twice this operating necessary to accomplish the work ac- weight; tivity directly associated with that (ii) A safety link is installed at the special purpose. point of attachment of the towline to (b) For the purpose of paragraph (a) the towing aircraft with a breaking of this section, operating a restricted strength greater, but not more than 25 category civil aircraft to provide flight percent greater, than that of the safety crewmember training in a special pur- link at the towed glider or unpowered pose operation for which the aircraft is ultralight vehicle end of the towline certificated is considered to be an oper- and not greater than twice the max- ation for that special purpose. imum certificated operating weight of (c) No person may operate a re- the glider or unpowered ultralight ve- stricted category civil aircraft car- hicle; rying persons or property for com- (4) Before conducting any towing op- pensation or hire. For the purposes of eration within the lateral boundaries this paragraph, a special purpose oper- of the surface areas of Class B, Class C, ation involving the carriage of persons Class D, or Class E airspace designated or material necessary to accomplish for an airport, or before making each that operation, such as crop dusting, towing flight within such controlled seeding, spraying, and banner towing airspace if required by ATC, the pilot (including the carrying of required per- in command notifies the control tower. sons or material to the location of that If a control tower does not exist or is operation), and operation for the pur- not in operation, the pilot in command pose of providing flight crewmember must notify the FAA flight service sta- training in a special purpose operation, tion serving that controlled airspace are not considered to be the carriage of before conducting any towing oper- persons or property for compensation ations in that airspace; and or hire. (5) The pilots of the towing aircraft (d) No person may be carried on a re- and the glider or unpowered ultralight stricted category civil aircraft unless vehicle have agreed upon a general that person— course of action, including takeoff and (1) Is a flight crewmember; release signals, airspeeds, and emer- (2) Is a flight crewmember trainee; gency procedures for each pilot. (3) Performs an essential function in (b) No pilot of a civil aircraft may in- connection with a special purpose oper- tentionally release a towline, after re- ation for which the aircraft is certifi- lease of a glider or unpowered ultra- cated; or

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