Ceramics NATIONAL BUREAU of STANDARDS

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Ceramics NATIONAL BUREAU of STANDARDS NBS SPECIAL PUBLICATION 396-2 National Bureau of Standards U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / Critical Surveys of Data Sources: Ceramics NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards^ was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, and the Office for Information Programs. THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consistent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of the Office of Measurement Services, the Office of Radiation Measurement and the following Center and divisions: Applied Mathematics — Electricity — Mechanics — Heat — Optical Physics — Center for Radiation Research: Nuclear Sciences; Applied Radiation — Laboratory Astrophysics" — Cryogenics " — Electromagnetics " — Time and Frequency THE INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement, standards, and data on the properties of well-characterized materials needed by industry, commerce, educational institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; and develops, produces, and distributes standard reference materials. The Institute consists of the Office of Standard Reference Materials, the Office of Air and Water Measurement, and the following divisions: Analytical Chemistry — Polymers — Metallurgy — Inorganic Materials — Reactor Radiation — Physical Chemistry. THE INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED TECHNOLOGY provides technical services to promote the use of available technology and to facilitate technological innovation in industry and Government; cooperates with public and private organizations leading to the development of technological standards (including mandatory safety standards), codes and methods of test; and provides technical advice and services to Government agencies upon request. The Insti- tute consists of the following divisions and Centers: Standards Application and Analysis — Electronic Technology — Center for Consumer Product Technology: Product Systems Analysis; Product Engineering — Center for Building Technology: Structures, Materials, and Life Safety; Building Environment; Technical Evalua- tion and Application — Center for Fire Research: Fire Science; Fire Safety Engineering. THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts research and provides technical services designed to aid Government agencies in improving cost effec- tiveness in the conduct of their programs through the selection, acquisition, and effective utilization of automatic data processing equipment; and serves as the principal focus within the executive branch for the development of Federal standards for automatic data processing equipment, techniques, and computer languages. The Institute consists of the following divisions: Computer Services — Systems and Software — Computer Systems Engineering — Informa- tion Technology. THE OFFICE FOR INFORMATION PROGRAMS promotes optimum dissemination and accessibility of scientific information generated within NBS and other agencies of the Federal Government; promotes the development of the National Standard Reference Data System and a system of information analysis centers dealing with the broader aspects of the National Measurement System; provides appropriate services to ensure that the NBS staff has optimum accessibility to the scientific information of the world. The Office consists of the following organizational units: Office of Standard Reference Data — Office of Information Activities — Office of Technical Publications — Library — Office of International Relations — Office of International Standards. ^ Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, Maryland, unless otherwise noted; mailing address Washington, D.C. 20234. = Located at Boulder. Colorado 80302. Critical Surveys of Data Sources: Ceramics Dorthea M. Johnson and James F. Lynch Battelle Columbus Laboratories Columbus, Ohio 43201 This work was sponsored by the Office of Standard Reference Data National Bureau of Standards Washington, D.C. 20234 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Rogers C. B. Morton, Secretary James A. Baker, III, Under Secreiary Dr. Betsy Ancker-Johnson, Assistanf Secreiary for Science and Technology NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Acling Director Issued December 1975 — Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Johnson, Dorthea M. Critical Surveys of Data Cources, Ceramics. (NBS Special Publication: 396-2) Includes bibliographical references and index. Supt. of Docs. No.: 13.10:396-2 I. Ceramics— Bibliography. 2. Ceramics— Information Services Directories. 3. Ceramics— Societies, etc. — Directories. I. Lynch, James F., 1918- joint author. II. Battelle Memorial Institute, Co- lumbus, Ohio. III. United States, National Bureau of Standards, Office of Standard Reference Data. IV. Title. V. Series: United States. National Bureau of Standards. Special Publication: 396-2. Z7179.J63 [TA430] 016.666 75-619235 National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 396-2 Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.). Spec. Publ. .396-2, 52 pages (Dec. 1975) CODEN: XNBSAV U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1975 For sale by the Superintendent of Doruments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (Order by SD Catalog No. €13.10:396-2). Price $1.10. ( Add 25 percent additional for other than U.S. mailing). Stock Number 003-003-01457-5 Foreword The National Standard Reference Data System was established in 1%3 for the purpose of promoting e critical evaluation and dissemination of numerical data of the physical sciences. The program is ordinated by the Office of Standard Reference Data of the National Bureau of Standards but involves the orts of many groups in universities, government laboratories, and private industry. The primary aim of program is to provide compilations of critically evaluated physical and chemical property data. These jles are published in the Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, in the NSRDS-NBS series of !e National Bureau of Standards, and through other appropriate channels. I The properties of commercial materials have thus far received very limited coverage in the NSRDS jogram. However, many other groups select and compile data on the properties of such materials for |rious purposes using different criteria of selection. Thus, identifying the best data source for a given i.rpose requires something much more detailed than ordinary bibliographic guides. This series is designed to provide such guides to data covering selected areas of materials and I operties. The first survey covered mechanical properties of metals. This second survey relates to sources |r properties of ceramics. Other properties of metals and various properties of other materials will be 1 vered bv succeeding surveys. In each case, we will seek guidance from specialists with emphasis on those jvolved in the production and use of important commercial materials. The assistance for this ceramics rvev was provided by a special task force organized by the American Ceramic Society. The assistance of e individuals listed below and the encouragement and support of the American Ceramic Society are latefully acknowledged. David R. Lide, Jr., Chief j Office of Standard Reference Data \e task force of the American Ceramic Society which reviewed the coverage and contents of this survey eluded: B. H. Baker, Refractories & Electrodes Division, Research & Technology Department, Armco Steel I Corporation. jl G. Goodman. Corporate Applied Research Group, Globe-Linion, Inc. j R. \ . Harrington and C. G. Ruderer. Technical Center, FERRO Corporation. W. G. Lawrence, New York State College of Ceramics, Alfred University. J. 0. Bookmver and E. L. Swarts, Glass Research Center, PPG Industries, Inc. J. C. Wurst, Research Institute, University of Dayton. [ The assistance of the following personnel of Battelle Columbus Laboratories is recognized for their jpport in the identification, selection and editing of the contents of the Directory: Mrs. E. R. Smith, Information Scientist Metals and Ceramics Information Center. Winston H. Duckworth, Research Leader, j ! Ceramic Materials Section. iii Il CONTENTS Foreword iii Introduction vii Source HANDBOOKS AND TECHNICAL COMPILATIONS No. 1. Thermophysioal Properties of Matter IFI/Plenum Data Corporation 2 2. High Temperature Materials, No. 1 Materials Index IFI/Plenum Data Corporation 3 3. High Temperature Materials, No. 2 Properties Index IFI/Plenum Data Corporation 4 4. The Oxide Handbook IFI/Plenum Data Corporation 5 5. Thermodynamic Properties of 65 Elements —Their Oxides, Halides, Carbides, and Nitrides Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office , 5 6. Handbook of the Optical, Thermal and
Recommended publications
  • The New York State College of Ceramics
    ALFRED UNIVERSITY PUBLICATION The New York State College of Ceramics Catalogue Number for 1939-40 Announcemel1ts for 1940-41 Vol. XV November, 1939 No.9 Published ten limes a year by AlitOed University: Monthly in January, April, l,me, October} NovemberJ December, and semi-monthly in February and March. Entered as second class matter at Alfred, N. Y., Janl/ary 25, 1902, Imder Act of Congress July 16, 1894. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided tor in Section 1103, Act of Octobet' 3, 1917/ authorized 011 Jflly 3, 1918. fALFRED UNIVERSITY PUBLICATION Vol. xv Novembct, 1939 No.9 TIle Nevv York: State College of Ceralnics Catalogue N umber for 1939-40 Announcements for 1940·-41 AI,FRED, NEW YORK TABLE OF CONTENTS L Calendar ........................................ ...... , .......... 5,6 2, Personnel of the Administration and Faculty. .. ..................... 7 3. History, Objectives and Policies....... .. .. ,......................... 9 4. General Information ............ ,....... ........ ,.... .... , .. :.... 14 5. Adluission ........................... ,.. ..... :.............. 24 6. Expenses .................... .. .......... .. 28 7. Scholastic Requirements .......... .................................. 31 8. Departments of Instruction ................... .. 33 Ceramic Engineering ........... .............. .................... 33 GJass TechnoJogy ................ , ........... .. 35 Industrial CCHunic Design ....................... .................. 36 I~esearch .. .. ................ 38 9. Description of Courses
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,893,711 B2 Kennedy (45) Date of Patent: Nov
    US008893711B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,893,711 B2 Kennedy (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 25, 2014 (54) HIGH TEMPERATURE SOLAR SELECTIVE 4,252,865 A * 2/1981 Gilbert et al. ................. 428,611 COATINGS (Continued) (75) Inventor: Cheryl E. Kennedy, Lafayette, CO (US) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (73) Assignee: Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, CN 2004O10097.125 12, 2004 Golden, CO (US) JP 2004266O23 9, 2004 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this WO 2005 121389 12/2005 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 OTHER PUBLICATIONS U.S.C. 154(b) by 1223 days. G.L. Harding, Sputtered metal carbide Solar-selective absorbing Sur (21) Appl. No.: 12/745,319 faces, J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 13, No. 5, 1070 (1976). (22) PCT Filed: Oct. 18, 2007 (Continued) (86). PCT No.: PCT/US2007/081838 Primary Examiner — Avinash Savani S371 (c)(1), (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — John C. Stolpa; Michael A. (2), (4) Date: Sep. 1, 2010 McIntyre (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2009/051595 PCT Pub. Date: Apr. 23, 2009 (57) ABSTRACT Improved Solar collectors (40) comprising glass tubing (42) (65) Prior Publication Data attached to bellows (44) by airtight seals (56) enclose solar US 2010/0313875 A1 Dec. 16, 2010 absorber tubes (50) inside an annular evacuated space (54. The exterior surfaces of the solar absorber tubes (50) are (51) Int. Cl. coated with improved solar selective coatings {48} which F24, 2/50 (2006.01) provide higher absorbance, lower emittance and resistance to F24, 2/48 (2006.01) atmospheric oxidation at elevated temperatures. The coatings F24, 2/05 (2006.01) are multilayered structures comprising Solar absorbent layers F24, 2/46 (2006.01) (26) applied to the meta surface of the absorber tubes (50), GO2B5/28 (2006.01) typically stainless steel, topped with antireflective Savers (28) (52) U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Niobium As Mint Metal: Production – Properties - Processing
    212 RM 21 R. Grill, A. Gnadenberger Niobium As Mint Metal: Production – Properties - Processing Robert Grill 1, Alfred Gnadenberger ² 1 Plansee Aktiengesellschaft, A-6600 Reutte, ² Münze Österreich, A-1031 Wien Summary For application as coin metal the used materials must be able to meet the demands in a wide range. This paper describes the selection criteria’s for coin metals and gives an overview about the quality and production requirements needed for special collector coins. Niobium was selected as core metal for a special 25 Euro bi-metallic coin collectors series issued by the Austrian Mint. As counterpart Silver is used as surrounding metal. A special feature of this bi-metallic coin is the use of coloured Niobium inserts. The combination of these materials with distinct different material properties, especially the deformation behaviour, and the use of the coloured Niobium insert makes an adaptation of production parameters and manufacturing philosophy necessary. Beside a general overview about the properties and applications of Niobium the paper describes the experience made during production of the bi-metallic coins. Keywords Niobium, properties, surface treatment, bi-metallic coin R. Grill, A. Gnadenberger RM 21 213 1. Introduction In the mid-term idea store of the Austrian Mint the issue of a collector’s coin on the occasion of the 700 years anniversary of the city Hall / Tyrol was foreseen. The special commemorative coin should be a continuation of the so called “25 Euro Millennium Coin” series, which was started with the material combination Ag/Ti, focusing on telecommunication and mobility published in 2000 and 2001 respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Simultaneous PAN Carbonization and Ceramic Sintering for Fabricating Carbon Fiber-Ceramic Composite Heaters
    applied sciences Article Simultaneous PAN Carbonization and Ceramic Sintering for Fabricating Carbon Fiber-Ceramic Composite Heaters Daiqi Li 1,2, Bin Tang 1,2 , Xi Lu 1, Quanxiang Li 1, Wu Chen 2, Xiongwei Dong 2, Jinfeng Wang 1,2,* and Xungai Wang 1,2,* 1 Deakin University, Institute for Frontier Materials, Geelong/Melbourne, Victoria 3216, Australia; [email protected] (D.L.); [email protected] (B.T.); [email protected] (X.L.); [email protected] (Q.L.) 2 Wuhan Textile University, Joint Laboratory for Advanced Textile Processing and Clean Production, Wuhan 430073, China; [email protected] (W.C.); [email protected] (X.D.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (X.W.); [email protected] (J.W.); Tel.: +61-3-5227-2012 (J.W.) Received: 15 October 2019; Accepted: 14 November 2019; Published: 17 November 2019 Abstract: In this study, a single firing was used to convert stabilized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers and ceramic forming materials (kaolin, feldspar, and quartz) into carbon fiber/ceramic composites. For the first time, PAN carbonization and ceramic sintering were achieved simultaneously in one thermal cycle and the microscopic morphologies and physical features of the obtained carbon fiber/ceramic composites were characterized in detail. The obtained carbon fiber/ceramic composite showed comparable flexural strength as commercial ceramic tiles. Meanwhile, the composite showed exceptional electro-thermal performance based on the electro-thermal performance of the carbonized PAN fibers, which could reach 108 °C after 15 s, 204 °C after 90 s, and 292 °C after 450 s at 5 V (2.6 A), thereby making the ceramic composite a good candidate as an indoor climate control heater, defogger device, kettle, and other heating element.
    [Show full text]
  • Ceramic Carbides: the Tough Guys of the Materials World
    Ceramic Carbides: The Tough Guys of the Materials World by Paul Everitt and Ian Doggett, Technical Specialists, Goodfellow Ceramic and Glass Division c/o Goodfellow Corporation, Coraopolis, Pa. Silicon carbide (SiC) and boron carbide (B4C) are among the world’s hardest known materials and are used in a variety of demanding industrial applications, from blasting-equipment nozzles to space-based mirrors. But there is more to these “tough guys” of the materials world than hardness alone—these two ceramic carbides have a profile of properties that are valued in a wide range of applications and are worthy of consideration for new research and product design projects. Silicon Carbide Use of this high-density, high-strength material has evolved from mainly high-temperature applications to a host of engineering applications. Silicon carbide is characterized by: • High thermal conductivity • Low thermal expansion coefficient • Outstanding thermal shock resistance • Extreme hardness FIGURE 1: • Semiconductor properties Typical properties of silicon carbide • A refractive index greater than diamond (hot-pressed sheet) Chemical Resistance Although many people are familiar with the Acids, concentrated Good Acids, dilute Good general attributes of this advanced ceramic Alkalis Good-Poor (see Figure 1), an important and frequently Halogens Good-Poor overlooked consideration is that the properties Metals Fair of silicon carbide can be altered by varying the Electrical Properties final compaction method. These alterations can Dielectric constant 40 provide knowledgeable engineers with small Volume resistivity at 25°C (Ohm-cm) 103-105 adjustments in performance that can potentially make a significant difference in the functionality Mechanical Properties of a finished component.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Metal-Ceramic Technology Third Edition
    Introduction to Metal-Ceramic Technology Third Edition Naylor_FM.indd 1 10/20/17 8:57 AM IntroductionMetal-Ceramic to Technology Third Edition W. Patrick Naylor, DDS, MPH, MS Adjunct Professor of Restorative Dentistry Loma Linda University School of Dentistry Loma Linda, California With contributions by Charles J. Goodacre, DDS, MSD Distinguished Professor of Restorative Dentistry Loma Linda University School of Dentistry Loma Linda, California Satoshi Sakamoto, MDT Master Dental Technician Loma Linda University School of Dentistry Loma Linda, California Berlin, Barcelona, Chicago, Istanbul, London, Milan, Moscow, New Delhi, Paris, Prague, Sao Paulo, Seoul, Singapore, Tokyo, Warsaw Naylor_FM.indd 3 10/20/17 8:58 AM Dedications To my dear wife, Penelope, for her skillful reviewing and patience over the many months devoted to the production of this third edition. And to the memory of my mentor, teacher, and friend, Dr Ralph W. Phillips. As an expert of international renown, his contributions to dental materials science and dentistry in general are immeasurable. This is a small tribute to a man who left an indelible mark on the dental profession. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Naylor, W. Patrick, author. Title: Introduction to metal-ceramic technology / W. Patrick Naylor. Description: Third edition. | Hanover Park, IL : Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017031693 (print) | LCCN 2017034109 (ebook) | ISBN 9780867157536 (ebook) | ISBN 9780867157529 (hardcover) Subjects: | MESH: Metal Ceramic Alloys | Dental Porcelain | Technology, Dental--methods Classification: LCC RK653.5 (ebook) | LCC RK653.5 (print) | NLM WU 180 |DDC 617.6/95--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017031693 97% © 2018 Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc 4350 Chandler Drive Hanover Park, IL 60133 www.quintpub.com 5 4 3 2 1 All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Ceramic Engineering Building
    CERAMIC ENGINEERING BUILDING UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS URBANA CHAMPAIGN, ILLINOIS Description of the Building and Program of Dedication, December 6 unci 7, 1916 THE TRUSTEES THE PRESIDENT AND THE FACULTY OF THIS UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS CORDIALLY INVITE YOU TO ATTEND THE DEDICATION OF THE CERAMIC ENGINEERING BUDUDING ON WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY DECEMBER SIXTH AND SEVENTH NINETEEN HUNDRED SIXTEEN URBANA. ILLINOIS CERAMIC ENGINEERING BUILDING UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS URBANA - - CHAMPAIGN ILLINOIS DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING AND PROGRAM OF DEDICATION DECEMBER 6 AND 7, 1916 PROGRAM FOR THE DEDICATION OP THE CERAMIC ENGINEERING BUILDING OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS December 6 and 7> 1916 WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 6 1.30 p. M. In the office of the Department of Ceramic Engineering, Room 203 Ceramic Engineering Building Meeting of the Advisory Board of the Department of Ceramic Engineering: F. W. BUTTERWORTH, Chairman, Danville A. W. GATES Monmouth W. D. GATES Chicago J. W. STIPES Champaign EBEN RODGERS Alton 2.30-4.30 p, M. At the Ceramic Engineering Building Opportunity will be given to all friends of the University to inspect the new building and its laboratories. INTRODUCTORY SESSION 8 P.M. At the University Auditorium DR. EDMUND J. JAMBS, President of the University, presiding. Brief Organ Recital: Guilnant, Grand Chorus in D Lemare, Andantino in D-Flat Faulkes, Nocturne in A-Flat Erb, Triumphal March in D-Flat J. LAWRENCE ERB, Director of the Uni­ versity School of Music and University Organist. PROGRAM —CONTINUED Address: The Ceramic Resources of America. DR. S. W. STRATTON, Director of the Na­ tional Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. I Address: Science as an Agency in the Develop­ ment of the Portland Cement Industries, MR.
    [Show full text]
  • CERAMICS I and II GRADES 9-12 EWING PUBLIC SCHOOLS 2099 Pennington Road Ewing, NJ 08618 Board Approval Date: August 29, 2016 M
    CERAMICS I AND II GRADES 9-12 EWING PUBLIC SCHOOLS 2099 Pennington Road Ewing, NJ 08618 Board Approval Date: August 29, 2016 Michael Nitti Produced by: James Woidill, Supervisor Superintendent In accordance with The Ewing Public Schools’ Policy 2230, Course Guides, this curriculum has been reviewed and found to be in compliance with all policies and all affirmative action criteria. Table of Contents Page Course Description and Rationale 1 Scope and Sequence of Essential Learning: Ceramics I: Unit 1: Introduction to Ceramics/History 2 Unit 2: Procedures, Properties and Vocabulary of Clay 5 Unit 3: Hand-Building Techniques and Glazing 8 Unit 4: Refining, Finishing and Glazing 11 Unit 5: The Firing Process 14 Ceramics II: Unit 6: Hand-Building/Throwing Techniques 17 Unit 7: Exploring the Creative Process 20 Unit 8: Art in a Historical and Cultural Context 23 Unit 9: Contemporary Ceramists/Careers in Ceramics 26 Ceramics I and II Worksheet 29 Ceramic Critique Form 30 Art Criticism Scoring Guide 31 Glossary of Ceramic Terms 33 1 Course Description and Rationale Ceramics I: Ceramics I is an introduction to working with clay and understanding the ceramic process from start to finish. The relationship between form and function will be critically examined as students learn basic hand building and techniques. The direction of their work will evolve as they reflect on their changing definitions of art. Ceramics I is designed for students who have never had ceramics at the high school level. Students are taught how to build pottery by use of pinch, coil and slab methods of construction.
    [Show full text]
  • UMR MSE News
    September 2005 Vol. 1, No. 1 UMR MSE News A Newsletter for the Alumni of the Metallurgical, Ceramic, and Materials Engineering programs of the Missouri School of Mines/University of Missouri-Rolla Chairman’s Letter here beyond what it has been in many years, and that is Greetings from Rolla! You are now holding the first beginning to garner some widespread attention. For edition of our MSE Newsletter a new venture from the example, a 2004 survey of MSE departments by the faculty, students, and staff of the Metallurgical University Materials Council indicates that the UMR Engineering and Ceramic Engineering programs at the MSE undergrad program is one of the five largest in the University of Missouri-Rolla. Since July 2004, these US. The 2004 US News & World Report listed our pro- st two venerable programs have formed the core of gram as the 41 ranked graduate MSE program in the UMR’s new Materials Science and Engineering US the first time that UMR has been included in these Department. This newsletter will review some of the rankings. highlights of our first year and give you an idea about some plans for the future. We had several changes in departmental personnel this year. Associate Prof. Chris Ramsay, a fixture in the It is worth noting at the outset that the formation of the metallurgical engineering program since 1989, took a MSE department does not signal the end of independ- leave of absence last May to develop his consulting ent ceramic engineering and metallurgical engineering business. Priscilla Winner, the Metallurgy and MSE programs.
    [Show full text]
  • Silicon Carbide: Synthesis and Properties 16
    Silicon Carbide: Synthesis and Properties 361 16X Silicon Carbide: Synthesis and Properties Houyem Abderrazak1 and Emna Selmane Bel Hadj Hmida2 1 Institut National de Recherche et d’Analyse Physico-Chimique, Pole Technologique Sidi Thabet, 2020, Tunisia 2 Institut Préparatoire Aux Etudes d’Ingénieurs El Manar 2092, Tunisia 1. Introduction Silicon carbide is an important non-oxide ceramic which has diverse industrial applications. In fact, it has exclusive properties such as high hardness and strength, chemical and thermal stability, high melting point, oxidation resistance, high erosion resistance, etc. All of these qualities make SiC a perfect candidate for high power, high temperature electronic devices as well as abrasion and cutting applications. Quite a lot of works were reported on SiC synthesis since the manufacturing process initiated by Acheson in 1892. In this chapter, a brief summary is given for the different SiC crystal structures and the most common encountered polytypes will be cited. We focus then on the various fabrication routes of SiC starting from the traditional Acheson process which led to a large extent into commercialization of silicon carbide. This process is based on a conventional carbothermal reduction method for the synthesis of SiC powders. Nevertheless, this process involves numerous steps, has an excessive demand for energy and provides rather poor quality materials. Several alternative methods have been previously reported for the SiC production. An overview of the most common used methods for SiC elaboration such as physical vapour deposition (PVT), chemical vapour deposition (CVD), sol-gel, liquid phase sintering (LPS) or mechanical alloying (MA) will be detailed. The resulting mechanical, structural and electrical properties of the fabricated SiC will be discussed as a function of the synthesis methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Ceramic Engineering at Iowa State Lillian Goodrow Iowa State College
    Volume 9 Article 5 Number 6 The Iowa Homemaker vol.9, no.6 1929 Ceramic Engineering at Iowa State Lillian Goodrow Iowa State College Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/homemaker Part of the Home Economics Commons Recommended Citation Goodrow, Lillian (1929) "Ceramic Engineering at Iowa State," The Iowa Homemaker: Vol. 9 : No. 6 , Article 5. Available at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/homemaker/vol9/iss6/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Publications at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in The oI wa Homemaker by an authorized editor of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE IOWA HOMEMAKER 3 Ceramic Engineering at Iowa State by Lillian Goodrow ERAMIC ENGINEERING is pri­ craft schools, and the courses offered can Youth; " and Carl Schiller, who is C marily a course for engineers, and here are exactly right for that. the directing chef of the P ennsylvania Railroad, will speak on ''The Planning study in it leads to a bachelor of Research work from Iowa clays has science degree. The ceramic technology and Directing of Meals.'' Miss Betty advanced rapidly in the last few years. Eckhart, of the West Virginia Extension course prepares men for silicate indus­ There are now on the markets products tries, which include the manufacture of Department, will have complete charge of made from ''Ames Pottery.'' It has the recreation program. heavy products (bricks, tiles and terra not only received recognition, but there cotta), tableware, glassware, enamel, Mass meetings will be held every even­ are consignments of pottery all over the ing.
    [Show full text]
  • Patent Law Fundamentals for Innovators in the Ceramic and Glass Industry
    atents are an important class of Passet for any company. For a start- up company, its patent portfolio may be its most important asset. Despite their impor- tance, patents and the surrounding law may Patent law not be well understood by researchers and management. Therefore, they risk mak- ing decisions or taking actions that could fundamentals negatively impact their ability to pursue and obtain patent protection for their inventions. The best way for a company to avoid costly for innovators in mistakes at a critical juncture is to become better informed about the patent process and work closely with a patent attorney at all the ceramic and stages of an invention. Because of the significant changes wrought by the recent America Invents Act (AIA), it is more important than ever glass industry to take proactive, forward-looking measures to position inno- vations properly for the patent process. This article sets forth some fundamental principles regarding patents and the require- ments for obtaining patents, describes the types of patents relevant to the ceramic and glass industry, and briefly discusses By Steve Ritchey the significant changes in patent law from the AIA. What is a patent? In general, a patent is a grant of some privilege, property, or authority made by a government to one or more persons. In the United States, Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the Constitution provides Congress the power to “promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their Part one of a two-part series presents the importance of respective Writings and Discoveries.” patents to companies and the requirements that must be met The patent and copyright clause of the Constitution was before patents are granted.
    [Show full text]