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Ceramic Materials Material Science I Ceramic Materials F. Filser & L.J. Gauckler ETH-Zürich, Departement Materials [email protected] HS 2007 Ceramics: Introduction 1 Material Science I Persons in Charge of this Lecture • Dr. F. Filser, HCI G 529, phone 26435, [email protected] • Prof. Dr. L.J. Gauckler HCI G 535, phone 25646, [email protected] • F. Krauss HCI G 538, phone 3 68 34, [email protected] • Dipl.-Ing. J. Kübler EMPA Dübendorf, phone 044 823 4223, [email protected] Ceramics: Introduction 2 Material Science I Overview & preliminary schedule (HS 2007) Nov 26, 07 Introduction on ceramic materials, technology, applications Dec 03, 07 Crystal structures of ceramic materials Dec 10, 07 Potential well of bonding and physical properties & Examples of Structural ceramic materials Dec 17, 07 Examples of structural ceramic materials Dec 21, 07 term finish Ceramics: Introduction 3 Material Science I Overview & preliminary schedule (FS 2008) Feb 18, 08 term starts (5 x ceramic & 9 x polymer) Feb 19, 08 Glass Feb 26, 08 Toughness (JK) Mar 04, 08 Strength & Weibull statistics (JK) Mar 11, 08 Subcritical crack growth, SPT-Diagrams (JK) Mar 18, 08 Proof-testing, creep, thermical properties (JK) Apr 01, 08 polymer part (Prof. D. Schlüter) May 30, 08 term finish Ceramics: Introduction 4 Material Science I Documentation Visit our homepage @ http://ceramics.ethz.ch -> education -> courses -> Materialwissenschaft I und II Ceramics: Introduction 5 Material Science I Sources of Information - ETH Bib -NEBIS http://www.ethbib.ethz.ch/ http://www.nebis.ch/ Ceramics: Introduction 6 Material Science I Recommended Reading • Askeland & Phulé: Science and Engineering of Materials, 2003 • Barsoum MW: Fundamentals of Ceramics. IoP Publishing, 2003 • diverse CEN ISO Standards (look at slides) • Y. -M. Chiang, D. Birnie, D. Kingery, Physical Ceramics, Principles für Ceramic Science and Engineering, Wiley, 1997. • G. Kostorz (ed), High-Tech Ceramics: Viewpoints and Perspectives. Academic Press, 1989. (Chapter 5, 59-101). Ceramics: Introduction 7 Material Science I Recommended Reading • Munz, D., Fett, T.: Ceramics, Mechanical Properties, Failure Behaviour, Materials Selection, Springer, 1999. • David Richerson, Modern Ceramic Engineering, Ed. 2, Dekker, 1992. • Saito Shinroku, Fine Ceramics, Elsevier, 1988. • Verband der Keramischen Industrie e.V, Brevieral Technical Ceramics, ISBN 3-924158-77-0, Fahner Verlag, 2004. (partly on the internet available) • Ichinose Wataru, Introduction to Fine Ceramics, Wiley, 1987. Ceramics: Introduction 8 Material Science I Recommended Reading Chapter IV: Examples of Structural Ceramic Materials • Bevieral Technical Ceramics • Silicon-Based Structural Ceramics (Ceramic Transactions), Stephen C. Danforth (Editor), Brian W. Sheldon, American Ceramic Society, 2003, • Silicon Nitride-1, Shigeyuki Somiya (Editor), M. Mitomo (Editor), M. Yoshimura (Editor), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990 • Zirconia and Zirconia Ceramics. Second Edition, Stevens, R, Magnesium Elektron Ltd., 1986, pp. 51, 1986 • Stabilization of the tetragonal structure in zirconia microcrystals, RC Garvie - The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1978 Ceramics: Introduction 9 Material Science I Recommended Reading Chapter IV: Examples of Structural Ceramics Materials • Phase relationships in the zirconia-yttria system, HGM Scott - Journal of Materials Science, 1975 - Springer • Thommy Ekström and Mats Nygren, SiAION Ceramics J Am Cer Soc Volume 75 Page 259 - February 1992 • "Formation of beta -Si3N4 solid solutions in the system Si, Al, O, N by reaction sintering--sintering of an Si3N4 , AlN, Al2 O3 mixture" Boskovic, L J; Gauckler, L J, La Ceramica (Florence). Vol. 33, no. N-2, pp. 18-22. 1980. • Alumina: Processing, Properties, and Applications, Dorre, E; Hubner, H, SpringerVerlag, 1984, pp. 329, 1984 9. Ceramics: Introduction 10 Material Science I Sources of Information – Journals (in general ) • Journal of the American Ceramic Society (J. Am. Ceram. Soc.) • Bulletin of the American Ceramic Society (Bull. Am. Ceram. Soc.) • Journal of the European Ceramic Society (J. Eur. Ceram. Soc.) • Journal of Materials Science (J. Mat. Sci.) • Journal of Materials Research (J. Mat. Res.) Ceramics: Introduction 11 Material Science I Introduction on ceramic materials, technology, applications Ceramics: Introduction 12 Material Science I History of ceramic materials Nitrides Ferrites Titanates Oxide ceramics Europaen Silicon Carbide Porcelain Steatites Greek Vases Earthenware (Steingut**) Potter’s Fire-proof pottery wheel Porcelain Ceramic pots (7000 BC) Stoneware (Steinzeug*) Earthenware -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1700 2000 **): porous, low firing temp (900 -1200°C) Ceramics: Introduction *): dense, high firing temp (>1200°C) 13 Material Science I Ceramics in the Past Giant beaker, Erle 4 000 BC Closed Furnace Stilt houses in Unteruhldingen, Bodensee Ceramics: Introduction 14 Material Science I Egyptian wall relief Rechmuir (1450 BC) ceramic for metallurgy Ceramics: Introduction 15 Material Science I Greek Vase, red on black decor Ceramics: Introduction 16 Material Science I Chinese Porcelain 14th century 18th century 19th century Porcelain imports of the east indian company from china to europe: 1600 – 1800: > 3 000 000 pieces anual dividends: up to 750% pa on the invested money Ceramics: Introduction 17 Material Science I Europaen imports of chinese porcelain 1600 - 1800 AD , in 1000 pieces Ceramics: Introduction 18 Material Science I European Porcelain August der Starke Ehrenfried Walter (1670 - 1733) von Tschirnhaus (1652 - 1708) Ceramics: Introduction 19 Material Science I Europaen Porcelain Quartz Steingut Steinzeug Dental ceramics techn. porcelain Hard porcelain Feldspar 20 40 60 80 Clay Kaolin Porcelain, Prostethis, Porsche Ceramics: Introduction 20 Material Science I High-performance / high-tech ceramics electrical and nuclear thermical optical chemical & mechanical magnetical technical biological Function elektr. insulation temperature heat translucency Surface activity strength (T) piezoelectrical resist. - conductor controllable Corrosionresist. hardness ferroelectrical n- absorption - insulator refraction index compatibility wear resistency semiconductor radiation resist. - storage operty r magnetical corrosion resist. P substrates fuel heat exchanger Na-vapor lamp Cat-Carriers Cutting bits sensors shielding heat shields IR-window Filters bearings condenser / capacitor storage contain. insulation Laser material DeNOx-Cat. seals oscillators heat storage Light switch Gas-Sensors Engine igniting elements Elektrods components high-temp. conductor Implantats „low-temp.“ PTC cond. Application superconductors batteries Ceramics: Introduction 21 Material Science I High-performance / high-tech Ceramics electrical & nuclear thermical optical chemical & mechanical magnetical technical biological Function Al2O3 UO2 SiO2 Al2O3 Cordierit SiC AlN PuO2 MgO MgO Al2O3 ZrO2 BeO C Si3N4 Mg Al2O3 ZrO2 B4C BaTiO3 SiC Faser Y2O3 / ThO2 MgO BN SrTiO3 B4C SiC PLZT Mg2SiO4 Al2O3 PZT BN Mg2SiO4 Si3N4 SiC Al2O3 3 Al2O3 2SiO2 ZnO ZnO-Bi2O3 Glass Fe2O3 aterial YBa2Cu3O7 SnO2 M U2O5 MgCr2O4-TiO2 TiO2 NiO Fe2ZnO4 - Al2O3 Fe2NiO4 ZrO2 Titanate Li3N TiB2 Ceramics: Introduction 22 Material Science I High-performance / high-tech ceramics electrical and nuclear thermical optical chemical & mechanical magnetical technical biological Function elektr. insulation temperature heat translucency Surface activity strength (T) piezoelectrical resist. - conductor controllable Corrosionresist. hardness ferroelectrical n- absorption - insulator refraction index compatibility wear resistency semiconductor radiation resist. - storage operty r magnetical corrosion resist. P substrates fuel heat exchanger Na-vapor lamp Cat-Carriers Cutting bits sensors shielding heat shields IR-window Filters bearings condenser / capacitor storage contain. insulation Laser material DeNOx-Cat. seals oscillators heat storage Light switch Gas-Sensors Engine igniting elements Elektrods components high-temp. conductor Implantats „low-temp.“ PTC cond. Application superconductors batteries Ceramics: Introduction 24 Material Science I Engineering Ceramics Today: electronics Ceramics: Introduction 25 Material Science I Requirements for substrate materials Property Requirement at… … Condition Heat conductivity () < 100 W/mK … …RoomTemperature (RT) Thermal Expansion Coeff. () 3 - 4 x 10-6/K … …RT – 200C Electrical Resistance () > 1014 cm … …RT Rel. permittivity (r) < 4 … …1Mhz Dielectric loss () < 10-3 … …1Mhz Bend strength () > 500 MN/m2 … …3 P bend strength Ceramics: Introduction 26 Material Science I Electrical Condenser: Principle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - - - - - - - -+- - - +- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - big distance - small distance - small distance - small area - large area - large area - no dielectric - no dielectric - with dielectric low higher 80’000 x higher storage capacity storage capacity storage capacity Ceramics: Introduction 27 Material Science I Condenser: principle types fixed capacitor trimming capacitor feedthrough capacitor Ceramics: Introduction 28 Material Science I Condenser/Capacitor device: buildup soldering tag nickel layer ceramic dielectric electrode contact Ceramics: Introduction 29 Material Science I Capacitor: Production technology Ceramics: Introduction 30 Material Science I Piezo ceramics as electro-mechanical transformer F mechanical electrical F electrical mechanical Ceramics: Introduction 31
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