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Natural Resource Condition Assessment for Gulf Island National Seashore

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Natural Resource Condition Assessment for Gulf Island National Seashore National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Natural Resource Condition Assessment for Gulf Islands National Seashore Natural Resource Report NPS/GUIS/NRR—2016/1135 ON THE COVER Clockwise from Top: Sunset at Fort Pickens, Hatchling Kemp’s Ridley sea turtle, Davis Bayou salt marsh Photographs courtesy of National Park Service Natural Resource Condition Assessment for Gulf Islands National Seashore Natural Resource Report NPS/GUIS/NRR—2016/1135 Joanna Hatt, Luke Worsham, Gary Sundin, Michael T. Mengak, Gary Grossman, Nathan P. Nibbelink Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia 180 E. Green St. Athens, GA 30602 February 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service. The series supports the advancement of science, informed decision-making, and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series also provides a forum for presenting more lengthy results that may not be accepted by publications with page limitations. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received informal peer review. Peer review was conducted by highly qualified individuals with subject area technical expertise and was overseen by a peer review manager. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. This report is available in digital format from Gulf Coast I&M Network website (http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/guln/index.cfm) and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/nrpm/). To receive this report in a format optimized for screen readers, please email [email protected]. Please cite this publication as: Hatt, J., L. Worsham, G. Sundin, G. Grossman, M. Mengak, and N. Nibbelink. 2016. Natural resource condition assessment for Gulf Islands National Seashore. Natural Resource Report NPS/GUIS/NRR—2016/1135. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. FortNPS Collins,635/131567 Colorado, February 2016 ii Contents Page Figures................................................................................................................................................... ix Tables ..................................................................................................................................................xiii Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... xvii Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................... xxi Acronyms and Abbreviations............................................................................................................xxiii Chapter 1 NRCA Background Information ......................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 Introduction and Resource Setting ...................................................................................... 5 2.1 Introduction and Resource Setting .......................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Enabling Legislation ........................................................................................................ 5 2.1.2 Geographic Setting .......................................................................................................... 5 2.1.3 Visitation Statistics ........................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Natural Resources .................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.1 Geology and Soils............................................................................................................ 8 2.2.2 Hydrology ...................................................................................................................... 12 2.2.3 Resource Descriptions ................................................................................................... 15 2.2.4 Resource Issues Overview ............................................................................................. 17 2.3 Literature Cited ...................................................................................................................... 19 Chapter 3 Study Scoping and Design ................................................................................................ 23 3.1 Preliminary Scoping .............................................................................................................. 23 3.2 Study Design ......................................................................................................................... 23 3.2.1 Indicator Framework ..................................................................................................... 23 3.2.2 Reporting Areas ............................................................................................................. 31 3.2.3 General Approach and Methods .................................................................................... 31 3.2.4 Literature Cited .............................................................................................................. 34 Chapter 4 Natural Resource Conditions............................................................................................. 35 4.1 Ozone ..................................................................................................................................... 35 4.1.1 Context and Relevance .................................................................................................. 35 4.1.2 Resource Knowledge and Data ..................................................................................... 35 iii Contents (continued) Page 4.1.3 Condition and Trend ...................................................................................................... 37 4.1.4 Literature Cited .............................................................................................................. 37 4.2 Atmospheric Deposition ........................................................................................................ 39 4.2.1 Context and Relevance .................................................................................................. 39 4.2.2 Resource Knowledge ..................................................................................................... 41 4.2.3 Data and Methods .......................................................................................................... 41 4.2.4 Condition and Trend ...................................................................................................... 52 4.2.5 Literature Cited .............................................................................................................. 53 4.3 Weather and Climate ............................................................................................................. 55 4.3.1 Context and Relevance .................................................................................................. 55 4.3.2 Resource Knowledge and Data ..................................................................................... 55 4.3.3 Condition and Trend ...................................................................................................... 61 4.3.4 Literature Cited .............................................................................................................. 62 4.4 Coastal Dynamics ................................................................................................................... 63 4.4.1 Context and Relevance ................................................................................................... 63 4.4.2 Threats and Stressors ..................................................................................................... 64 4.4.3 Condition and Trend ...................................................................................................... 65 4.4.4 Literature Cited .............................................................................................................. 66 4.5 Surface Water Quality ........................................................................................................... 68 4.5.1 Context and Relevance .................................................................................................
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