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B E O W U L F

AN EP IC PO EM

TRANSLATED FR O M T HE A NGLO -S AXON INTO ENGLIS H V ERSE

I I W RB ART A . H . A . D ED R H A KE H O C ,

PROFES S OR OF ANGLO-SAXON AT T H E COLLE GE OF OUR LADYE OF

H ON. C R . MEMB ER F TH E C LLE E F CIV I L ENGI NEERS O O O G O , MEMBER OF TH E COPEN H AGEN ROYAL ANTI Q U ARI AN S OC IETY AND OF T H E LON DON ROYAL ASTRONOMI CAL S OCI ET Y

L O N D O W I L L I A M P I C K E R I N G

E B O W U L F

A N ANGLO - SAXON

POEM

T R A N S LA T ED I N T O E N G L IS H V ERSE Uns i s t in a en Maeren W n ers vil eseit lt u d g ,

n H eld e lob eb aaren v on rﬁzer Kuonheit V o n , g ,

Fro d e hﬁ ch ezite n von W einen und v on a en V on n n g , Kl g , ‘ kiiener Re ken Striten mu et ir nu W n er hceren s a e . V on c , g u d g n 6 s elung en N t . PREFA CE .

F the Drudges who do the lowlier Wo rk in ’ h illa e o f ea n n s ne a few er t e T g L r i g Vi y rd, p hap s will be met with who have a mo re thankless Task than the Translato r : fo r n ot o nly has he to b ear the ju st Lash of enlightened Criticism from the o a e eo of o se he can a e n o Sch l r, (wh r f c ur h v

to om a n ose to om his na Right c pl i ,) but th wh Origi l m s for hi s o a e ema ne fo r e e a u t, but T il, h v r i d v r sea e o o and who are e n a ab e e e l d B k , utt rly i c p l ith r of testing his Accuracy o r appreciating his Difﬁ culties la oa u on him W o e an d ma e , y L d p ith ut M rcy, k him ans e a e n o t o n for his o wn rr o s w r bl ly E r , but for an s es ma e s in his na y Ob curiti which y xi t Origi l , a s well as fo r their o wn blun dering Misconceptions ’ — of his or his Author s Meaning Ih sho rt he is calle d to acco un t n ot only for his own Faults but

fo r the n n f man o f his e likewise Ig ora ce o y R aders . It is true the Qualiﬁcations n e cessary for a Trans l ato r into the Vernacular are but o f a humble Cha ’ r acter ; a fair Kn o wledge o f his Original s and his ’ o n s an ua es s f en ommon ense to C u try L g g , u ﬁci t c S

n e s an his o s fﬁ en as e to oo his u d r t d Auth r, u ci t T t ch se viii P R E F A C E .

E ess ons se an d a o ns en xpr i wi ly, c ci tio us R egard to f Faith ulness from the C onsideration that with the ’ an he is the s ee o f his o s e M y Tru t Auth r R putation , are all a is e e o f him th t r quir d . Still a Translato r has se o s fﬁ es to en o n e ri u Di culti c u t r, which th ey o nly can a e a e who no w em f om a l ppr ci t k th r ctua Trial . With resp ect to the Wo rk n o w presente d to the

s o a e the n fo o f Public, h rtly ft r putti g rth Mr. Kem ’ ble s Edition o f the A nglo - Saxo n Text in 1833 I

o me the es n o f an s a n a f r d D ig tr l ti g it, nd early in

’ 1 837 ommen e the o . Kem I c c d W rk Mr . ble s se on o me had not en a ea e and 1 r c d V lu th pp r d , p o c eede d s o on a o n o f the f but l wly, cc u t Di ﬁculty of the o and the u e na e a of an en W rk , tt r I d qu cy y th

r existing Dictiona y . I still however wro ught myWay o n a n e the o o n a e en I s o not w rd, u d r N ti th t v if h uld

n m o o en n s e fo r a on thi k y B k, wh ﬁ i h d, ﬁt Public ti , yet that the MS . wo uld fo rm an amusing Tale for m e e e s and e es an d so en o y littl N ph w Ni c , I w t thr ugh a o a ar e of the o em en ness an b ut Qu t r P , wh Ill put e n re s o to m o ess . f e a s o the ti t p y Pr gr A t rw rd , th ugh ’ ea an e o f . Kemble s a ona o me App r c Mr dditi l V lu ,

o n a n n the o se e s on o ssa 850 . had c t i i g Pr V r i , Gl ry, rendere d the remainder o f my Ta sk co mparatively eas o e a e s e re m en on and the y, th r M tt r r qui d y Att ti ,

la n o e 1842 e een me MS . y u t uch d till , b tw which Ti and the p resent it has been fro m Time to Time adde d

n om e e and the o e a e t o an d at le gth c pl t d, wh l c r fully

m e n an e e an d e ans a e . I n revised, uch b i g c c ll d r tr l t d my Ve rsio n I have scrupul o usly adhered to the Text em e a o n in a mo s e e ns an e o f Mr . K bl , d pti g l t v ry I t c T O T H E RI GH T REV ERE N D

N I I N . D . C O LA S W S E MA , D

LORD B IS HOP OF M ELI PO TA M US

V ICAR A P OSTOLIC

T H IS W O RK I S B Y P ERM IS S I O N RE V ERENT I A L LY

A N D G RA T EF U L LY I NS C RI B ED

P R E F A C E . ix h n e o o en ea is Emendatio s . I hav thr ugh ut d vo ure d to ren de r the Sense and Wo rds o f my Autho r as clo sely as the En glish Language an d the R estraints of e e o a o w and for s r o se a e M tr w uld ll , thi Pu p I h v n ot shr unken e ithe r fro m sacriﬁcing Elegan c e to 1 Faithfulne ss (fo r n o Tran slato r is at Liberty to misrepre sent his Auth o r an d mak e an o ld Saxon Bard speak the Lan guage o f a m o dern Pe tit Maitre) o r fro m uniting E nglish W o rds to express import

- a an t Anglo Saxo n C ompo un ds . I n some C ses where I have don e this I have added the An glo - Saxo n Wo r d in a Note to justify my r endering ; fo r tho ugh

’ - is r e a s o s as i be be c War. it t u th t uch W rd b l m, (

- - eas era- mes So n o f a e &c . mean a b t) Op a ( b ttl ,)

W arrio ur o r o e et in m n o n ese S ldi r, y y Opi i th w o uld be v ery in adequate R en derings of the A n glo

a on ess o n s an d e e o e e e r e to ex S x Expr i , I th r f r pr f r d bibit co rres pon ding En glish C ompo un ds . S o me m ay ask why I have n o t pr eserve d the

n - e A glo S ax o n alliterative Me tre . My R ason is that I d o n o t thin k th e Taste o f the English Peo

l o r n i s to et m o p e w uld at p e se t bear it . I w h g y b o k

ea a m o n men m a e ome en era ao r d, th t y C u try y b c g lly quainted with the Epic o f o ur An cestors wherewith

e o e a e een mo s enera na a n ed hith rt th y h v b t g lly u cqu i t , and fo r this purp o se it was necessary to ado pt a Metre s e to the an ua e e eas the a er a e uit d L g g , wh r llit tiv

e e ea e en in e man a an a e m M tr , h vy v G r , L gu g uch

a re sens o s no n nu ac em s er mo ni s luculen tiam Qui p pu g , sed ﬁ d elem ve tust tis no titiam o lli u Sa o- ramma a p cet r . x G tio u s . P R E F A C E . mo e e fo r an o s o in n s be so r ﬁtt d it th ur , w uld E gli h heavy that few w o uld be found to lab o ur through

’ a Po em of even half the length o f the Beowulf s-lay

w en esen e in so nat ra e a a . h pr t d u t ctiv G rb Still , if the literary B ent of this C o untry sho uld c ontinue fo r so me fe w Years longer the C o urse it has of late

ea s s e be me to e s o em to Y r pur u d, it will ti giv thi P the n s eo e in n s a e a e e e E gli h P pl E gli h llit r tiv M tr , an d s a be an f to see o n I h ll th k ul it d e . To facilitate R eference I have at the Beginning o f each Canto marke d the Line of the Original ac ’ o n to . Kemble s n c rdi g Mr Editio . It remains to give so me Acco un t of tho se who hav e gone befo re me in the Illustratio n o f this M s The o n . n n n to e Po em . ly S at prese t k o w xi t

is a in the o on an ra e s . . . th t C tt i Lib ry, (Vit lliu A xv ) which ho weve r was serio u sly injure d in the Fire o f

1 1 is in two ff n rea in the 7 3 . It Parts di eri g g tly

- s Style bo th of Hand writing an d Language . Thi

. . Con bear e o o n A stle s n on MS Mr y , f ll wi g Opi i , co n siders as b elo nging to the early part o f the 10th

en . was e am ne an e and is men C tury It x i d by W l y, n m tio ned in his C atalo gue of Saxo n MSS . a d fro ’ Wanley s Time ( 17 05) appears to have remain ed nn n ne in the esen u o tice d till Mr . Sharo Tur r pr t C entury published exten sive Extracts from it in his

h - n The s om e e Histo ry o f t e Anglo Saxo s. ﬁr t c pl t

n of the W o o e e was a of Editio rk h w v r th t Dr . Tho r

e n . s ea ne an s n a e s n k li Thi l r d D i h A tiqu ry , whil vi iti g

n r at the la e End o f the as en this C o u t y tt r l t C tury,

a an s of the o e o em o e e to o k Tr cript wh l P , which t g th r with a Tran sl atio n and C o mmentary that had co st P R E F A C E . xi him much Lab o ur and Expense was ready fo r

a o n in 1807 en the n e a e o Public ti , wh i xplic bl P li cy o f the D ani sh Go vernment gav e Rise to a

War n an an d in the e e to be r with E gl d , v r e gretted Bo mbardment o f C o p enhagen that fol ’ o e the n a an s o se a nd the e a l w d, A tiqu ri H u lit r ry Pro perty he had been fo r thirty Year s diligently col

r n h m The n e leeting pe ishe d i t e Fla es . ve erable S p

a narian n o t o we e e n s his s tu ge did h v r r li qui h Ta k . Enco urage d by the Exho rtatio n s and assiste d by the

be a of the o n de S and erum aard he r e Li r lity C u t g ,

ne to n an ma e a n ew an s o f h tur d E gl d, d Tr cript t e

o em a a n e s o n an d ree o P , which with L ti V r i th c pio us Indices he publishe d at C o p enhagen in 1 8 16 under “ h e o f D e D an or um e s estis t e Titl R bu g Se cul . iii .

- et . o ema D anicum a e o n o S ax onica iv P Di l ct A gl , Ex

l o on . Musaei an . edidit e s on e Lat. Bib . C tt Brit , V r i

xi m. o nson Th rk li et Indicibus au t Gri J h o e n . Dr .

1. . 4to . s o ess was a s e an d V r Thi d ubtl pirit d

a e o r n a n o t e sa hono ur bl W k , but u h ppily v ry tis factoril e o me the e t e n so a a y p rf r d, T x b i g f ulty th t, with o ut the Assistan ce of the large Table o f Errata

o . Co n bea re is unintelli to it publishe d by Pr f y , it

ible and the a n e s on e n e a n o se g , L ti V r i b i g c rt i ly w r than u seless . ’ I n Pr ofe sso r Conybeare s Illustratio ns o f Anglo ”

n o e r e e his o e the Rev . . Saxo P t y, dit d by Br th r W

on beare es es the a a e o e ons to D . C y , b id v lu bl C rr cti ’ l e s e e e to an na s s o f Thorke in s T xt ju t r f rr d , A ly i

h o em is en o o s a s ans a e t e P giv , with c pi u Extr ct tr l t d in blank Verse . A xii P R E F C E .

In D enmark a c o mplete Tran slation app ea red in ’

1820 n e B o wulf s a e . Et o thisk e e , i titl d j Dr p G H lt D igt fra forrige A ar - Tusinde af Angel - S axisk paa

D an sk e Riim d . r undtvi ve e . S ev . Gr Nik F d g , ”

aes . b nhavn 8vo . s is a s e and Pr t q b e . Thi pirit d

an er s o n n o m ean s a o se o r e en brilli t V i , but by cl v faithful Translation . It is acco mpan ie d by a u seful

n o on and some o e s ustiﬁ cative of the I tr ducti , N t j

s e in ns n the er s on e n Phrase u s d tra lati g . But V i b i g

e ee and the s on s of the na n o t e n v ry fr , divi i Origi l b i g

ese e is o en f to sa a a of pr rv d, it ft di ﬁcult y wh t P rt

the on e co rresp on ds to a given Passage of the o ther . But the b est an d mo st imp o rtant Wo r k is that of

- . em e n e T he n o a o n o ems Mr K bl , i titl d, A gl S x P

’ of eo the ra e e s on an d the a e of B wulf, T v ll r S g , B ttl

nn es - e e o e e a o ssa of the Fi burh , dit d t g th r with Gl ry

mo s di f o r s and an s o a e a e t ﬁcult W d , hi t ric l Pr f c , by

o n . em e Es . . . o f in o e e J h M K bl , q M A Tr ity C ll g ,

am e . on on am er n C bridg L d , Willi Pick i g

o . s n n an d a fcap . 8v Thi wo rk c o tai s a correct critic lly

as a e e o f the m o e men one c tig t d T xt Po e s ab v ti d, with the l ong Vo wel s accente d througho ut ; and m Mr. K e ble follo wed this up in 1837 with a secon d

o me on a n n a a e r e a e n his V lu , c t i i g l rg r P f c , (givi g

m o e ma e men on the o em he now r tur d Judg t P , which

ons e s r a e m o o a an s o a a c id r th r yth l gic l th hi t ric l,)

e a o se an s a on of eo o es e e lit r l Pr Tr l ti B wulf, N t th r

o n and a om e e o ssa . s a a e an d , c pl t Gl ry Thi ccur t 2 ea on anno be to o a e for b utiful Editi c t highly v lu d,

2 It is h o w e ver painful to se e such a B o ok disﬁgure d too frequ ently by References made in a sneering and irre v eren t P R E F A C E . xiii it the Thanks of ev ery student of Te utonic Antiquity

d ue o . em e and s n e e s m are largely t Mr K bl , I i c r ly y ’ o e s o e a he be in pathise in Mr . Th rp H p th t will

m e e his a ead am e o e ons duced to co pl t lr y pl C ll cti ,

t th o r a ea e s e a m an and give o e W ld th t gr t D id r tu , Anglo - Saxon Diction ary suite d to the present

n a state of Scholarship b oth he re a d abro d . The n ext Wo rk that I shall men tion b ears the fol in o n e . eo dasz alteste e s e l wi g Titl B wulf, d ut ch ,

A n lsachsischer m n ar e a en e e en e ge u d t rh lt , h ld g dicht , na se nem n a e und n a se n en s o r s en ch i i h lt , ch i hi t i ch

r Ein und mythologischen b e ziehungen bet achtet . beitrag zur geschichte alter teutscher geisteszust ”

o . al 8 vo . 1 839 . o o s ande von H . Le H le A c pi u Analysis of the Po em prece de d by a mythol o gical a s o a a eo a a and a enea o a Ih hi t ric l, g gr phic l, g l gic l tro duction .

Sho rtly after thi s app eare d the German Tran sla

on o f . Ettmiiller n e eo f e en ti Mr , i titl d B wul , H ld

e d es a en I ahrhun derts Z um e rs en ale g dicht cht . t M aus dem A ngelsachsischen in das Neuho chteutsche stabreim end iiber setzt un d mit Einleitun g und A n mer kun en e se en v o n Ettmiiller g v r h Ludwig , Mit ” m Kartch n e ne e . 8 vo . Z 1 840. e e i urich, A cl v r and ene a a e s o n s e b g r lly f ithful V r i , but di ﬁgur d y

o esa e a te a on s o f the e o e e wh l l l r ti T xt , which, h w v r

n en o s ann o n s a e . is e i g i u , I c t thi k ju tiﬁ bl It pr ced

S e to the o r r e s and as s a e n e er tyl H ly Sc iptu ; , uch Styl ith e s to s ra e the e of th e o r nor to ro w L h lp illu t t T xt Auth , th igh t u on the s or al or m t o o a es ons n o v e p hi t ic y h l gic l Qu ti i v l d , oo Tas e at eas if n o er e e n w o e g d t l t , high F li g , uld sugg st its era on in all f re o e s of the W o rk Alt ti utu C pi . xiv P R E F A C E . ed by an Intro duction apparently in most Parts

a en om Leo an d is a om an t k fr , cc p ie d by N otes . Sin ce these another Danish Versio n has appear V ’ e d n e B e o - o o es V id - siS to an , i titl d ; wulf g Sc p ,

elsax iske Di te med O ver saett lse o l sende g g , e g o p y ” A nmaarknin er ud ivn g g e af Frederik Schaldem o se .

8vo . o en a en 18 h C p h g 47 . This Wo rk co ntain s t e ’ Anglo - Saxon Text of B eowulf and the Traveller s

o n an a e a e an s n o n in a S g , with llit r tiv D i h Tra slati p

a el o l mns and o es . The e e en s not r ll C u , N t Writ r pr t d ’ to be a a e f th Kemble s w r o e se con d Vo lume of Mr.

eo u f to o we er he is e den n e e B w l , which h v vi tly i d bt d for e e Wo o f his o e e a he has v ry rd W rk , xc pt wh t

a en om Leo and Ettmuller : fo r s an e to sa t k fr tr g y, the Emendatio ns o f the A nglo - Saxon Te xt which

M r . h Pas he has a o e are o se o f K . and t e d pt d , th sages which he has fo un d unin telligible are precisely ’

o s K . s ffo r s at an s a o n . th e which baﬁ le Mr . E t Tr l ti

H is ans a o n o e e is n ot a bad o ne fo r as he Tr l ti h w v r , ’ h m le s En as pretty faithfully rendere d Mr . Ke b g

s he o not e a of n a fa e s on li h , c uld w ll f il givi g ir V r i nn in he ea s of the Original . The Ma er which tr t

Grun dtvi is his really learne d C o untryman Dr . g

n an d a an d his s o e o f the i deco rous vulg r , Di c v ry n Co ttonian Library in O xfb r d is at least o rigi al .

an s are due to M r . em e the ea n e My th k K bl , l r d

o f e o to the Rev . . o s o the Editor B wulf, Dr B w rth

- l e o a e and to the Rev . J . . Ang o S axon L xic gr ph r, W

na son A .M . o f . m n s who a e D o ld , Bury St Ed u d , h v all kindly answere d my In quirie s relative to various h m Matters connected with t e Poe . INTRO DUCTIO N .

EFO RE entering o n the Po em n ow laid b efo re him the ea er w ro a e e rom m e , R d ill p b bly xp ct f o me a o un o f the ero es r n e s an d r es s cc t H , P i c , T ib r n m n n f can d o but e to the ei e tio ed . I ear I littl a s sa sf n his o s and a e s a w rd ti yi g Curi ity, th t littl I h ll n o se compress into as small a C o mpass a s I ca . Th who seek for further In fo rmatio n will ﬁ n d b oth large Materials colle cte d an d copio us Dir ectio ns fo r Re sea in the o s of . em e the o e s rch W rk Mr K bl , Br th r r mm V on der a en u e Ettmuller Le o G i , H g , M ll r, , ,

Z e ss an d nn Ma nusen . o e ss m u , Fi g D ubtl uch Light will be thr o wn on the Subj e ct Matter of the ’ o m m l m n o o n the P e by Mr . Ke b e s fo rthco i g W rk M o o o f the o r er e o f o e e e on yth l gy N th , wh h w v r T ut ic en s are et in n Stud t y Expectatio . The Characters that are he re bro ught befor e us se em to be o f a m e a r e ma e o f a ur e ix d N tu , d up p ly Myth o lo gical Per so n age un ite d with on e o r m o r e o f the He ro e s o f traditi o n al Hi sto ry : but so confuse d an d o n ra o n d n n s are the o n s c t dict ry a a achro ou Acc u t , o r ra er e en s a an em to se ara e the th L g d , th t y Att pt p t Mythological Po rtio n so as to extract a so b er H is o r f o m s a er a s mus n r o e o n t y r uch M t i l t , I thi k , p v ly a futile a n Specul tio n an d a Wa ste of Inge uity . Such a mixed Pe rsonage I con ceive is B e owulf him self the ero o f o ur a e H is e emen s are all H T l . Achi v t o f a s er na r a a a e s as s a n D e up tu l Ch r ct r, uch l yi g xvi I N T R O D U C T I O N . mons e s and a o ns s mm n ﬁ ve a s , Nick r , Dr g , wi i g D y in the Sea an d the e . s a on e o ea us , lik Thi l w uld l d o s s e him o o n B ut mo e t u p ct as a Myth l gical B ei g . r him r o f p esently . The o em n o es u s to ro a n of P i tr duc H thg r, Ki g enmar a r n e o f the o a ne o f the S k ol D k , P i c R y l Li j n a o r S c ldin s w o se eneal o s du g r y g , h G gy it thu gi ves

1 . S céf.

Q . Scyld

e ow f 3 . B ul

4 H e alfd e ne Froda .

’ H e oro ér 6 . H r6 th zrr H a a the an m. g g l g El ,

m. W al o o m. O n en G d , g e ow Yrs a e ow the th , th Qu e en of S cylﬁ ng Sw e den

i Fr évs r 7 . Hréthr c Hr6 th e ra e Hrothw ulf mun d s (Ro lf Kraki) y o r S ce af ¥wh§r stands at the ea of hi s Scef, H d t Li st is said to have be en expo sed as a Child in an

o a a e af . e c a o f Ark o r little B t, with Sh (A . S r p) n at his ea and ms an d eas es en e C o r H d , Ar Tr ur , wh c me an d so to a e e as o e o n the his Na , h v drift d h r f es i e e e n ece e as a o C o ast o Sl v g, wh r b i g r iv d Pr digy, was a ef o an d na e ame he c r ully br ught up , ﬁ lly b c 1 s r S o vereign of the Lan d . Thi Expo su e is allude d

Ips e S cef cum uno d romon e ad vectus e st in insul am e an ae dicitur S cani arm s circumd atus erat ue a e Oc i qu , i , q v ld r e en s e r e t ab inc o lis illi us errae no s at tamen ab c pu , t ig tu ; i itur e t ut fam arem e n an m e um s e is susc p , ili dilig ti i o cu todi xviii I N T R O D U C T I O N .

1 . n e in the af litill te 1 0 Odi ( arriv d 9 . Ol ( a ) 9

Nor . 7 0 1 0 . D an miki ll te 27 0 th) B . C ( a )

2 . S o e 4 0 1 1 . kj ld , di d

3 . Le v o r Fridlev . 23 1 2 . a f an , , I H l d , I .

4 ro e I . A . O . 35 1 3 . Fridlev . 348 . F d , , III

5 . ridlev . 47 1 4 . r o e frmkn e 407 F , II F d , IV . ( )

6 . n a n dram I ld 456 H av ard (ki h a 1 5 . n gi

’

me 5 9 1 6 . a f an . 447 ) H l d , II

7 . Fro e . 87 1 7 ro e . 4 6 0 d , II . F d , V

. re 1 40 1 8 R e and H e e 4 4 8 V ermund (hin vit ) . o l g 9 This List places a Di stan ce o f 5 6 4 Years between ’ Odin s Arrival in the No rth an d the A ge o f H réth ar an d a a e eas the rs r ee ames o n g H lg , wh r ﬁ t th N the fo rm er List are in gen eral fo un d among the n r s a n o w se e ee mo e A cesto s o f Odin . I h ll l ct thr r ’ en e o a nes o f n e ee in two g al gic l Li Odi s P digr , m s ea The s a e rom whereo f these Na e app r . ﬁr t I t k f 4 an o ne o en e he had n o n o t L gh r , th ugh wh c it I k w

h A n . the secon d is from t e Saxon Chronicle ad .

8 as o o s. 54 . They are f ll w

KI NGS O F T H E S A XO N S .

S tr e saeus

B ed w ig

Gu al as

II ad ras

I ttermon

H e re mo d

S k e ph (reigne d in Sl eswick)

Sk e ld

B e vin

4 on to the H s . of En ]. a es at End 8 vo . In tro ducti i t g T bl , 7 L ondon 1 6 6 . I N T R O D U C T I O N .

Te tuas

I n Asg ard G e ta (w en t to A sgar d) I n Germany

Go d ulph (so n to G e ta)

Finne

Frid ulph

Frelaph

Frid wald

W o den (r eturne d to Ge rmany)

W eld e g and his B re thren with Sirick and his S ons H n n and e er , u di g G ld

N . on em o rar w Wermun d . of (C t p y ith , K the D an e s)

e er on em orar w o r o n o f G ld (c t p y ith T d , Ki g

w e e n and D an th e r . of D enmark S d , thi d , K )

A r trick

A n serick

n Wilki , I .

S w er tin g and H anef

S w er tin I . g, I

5 a e H un din us b . r an . a on a . 1 C ll d g y Alb K tz S x i , Lib . c . 2 3 4 an d a e S on o f S 1frid w o se n ame o rs in the , , , c ll d , h ccu an mn right h d C o lu . xx I N T R O D U C T I O N.

W n II . ilki ,

Witikin d

W n ilki , III .

M arbo d

B o d e

V e c t a

Witigils

H engi st .

In this List two Genealogies are palpably con founde d ; B o do the last Name but fo ur o n the List h mes e is a N ame o f Odin . T e Na that preced it are e a a o n o se are en as , with littl V ri ti , th which giv the Ancesto rs of Odin in a List we shall presently see and o se s ee are the ames o r , th which ucc d it N dinarily in serte d between Odin and Hengest in the n s G enealo gy of the latte r Hero . Odi thu twice o s in s s a e e m s be er ccur thi Li t, Privil g which u t p mitted to his Go dship ; Indee d he and his So n B o 6 ea ea on a e in a o and o fo r a me r pp r l g ft r S x , ccupy Ti the one of enma and are en na ex Thr D rk , th ﬁ lly - W m n pelled by the Christian Hero King. e ust ot then in Mytholo gical Matters be frightene d at any e are n s to Chro nological Discrepancies. Th y Thi g be expected .

6 S a o . . n ear the e n n n Fol . . . ar s x , Lib iii B gi i g, xxv Edit P i , The Name B od o seems t o o n o ut n a d 1 5 1 4 . p i t Odi s i e nti c al w t Buddha who is fa e to a e een n arnat i h , bl d h v b i c e on f m Earth some hundre ds o Ti es . I N T R O D U C T I O N . xxi

The a e The secon d and third Lists r un thus . l tt r ’ f he is taken from B etham s Gen ealo gical Tables o t ” n o f the o r Tab. D XC . en e S o vereig s W ld, III Wh c

Betham had it I kn o w n ot .

No a R C 90 . H ar d eric . o f the S a ons A . D . h . , K x

A n s eric

Hw ala S vartick e r n e o f S a ons , P i c x

H athra S v articke

I termon Si gw ard

H e r e mod W i tekind . , K

S c e ld wa W e . . ilk , II P

B e aw M arbo d . , K

Tee tw o o o r o en . a B d W d , K m r e a r a . F , F i , o r a ga

Go d w ulf

T rithuwulf

Fre !twin e

Frithuwald

W éd en .

N ow it wo uld be easy to exhibit very many Tables

7 The S axon Chr onicl er appe ar s to h a v e mix e d up the f f’ Tale o S cé s Exposur e with the N oachic Flo o d . T T xxii I N R O D U C I O N. a ee n mo e o r ess o se a o e gr i g r l with th b v given, wh ere in the Name o f the S cylding B e éwulf app ears vari o usl en as B e o B eu ea B eawa B eowius y writt , , B u , , , B eo winus B oerinus eo B edwius Beaf e , , B wulf, , , B ir, B e n o . o eo e in two of h . ex B vi , M r v r, t e MSS

amin ed . em e s e son a a s as the by Mr K bl , thi P r ppe r

a e of the o o n ons . Cinrincius othus F th r f ll wi g S , G , I uthus S wethedus a s Wan dalus Gethus re , , D cu , , , F

sus Geatte . A nd in o h n , b th MSS . is t e followi g n margi al Note . Ab istis novem ﬁ ln s Bo erini de scenderun t n o v em en es S e tentrion alem a an es on g t p h bit t , qui qu dam e n m ann as invaserunt et obtinuer unt r g u Brit i ,

. S ax on es n a N o rwa enses Go viz , A gli, Juti , D ci, g , ” an a Geati et r s . thi , W d li, , F i i This Beéwulf the S cylding is then n o les s a Per son than the Father of the Eponymi o f all the great o n I s he n t n n l r o a N rther Tribe s . o th e i al p b bility en a the Eddie Go d B aelda a ar o r B 0 id tic l with , g , B ll , , the S o n o f Odin P prob ably e ven with B o do o r W6 ’

den . e . n msel as a a n B edwi n s , i Odi , hi f, g i with g Odi Son om the a a o n B edwius o f his ame , with wh V ri ti N m nn o r e se are al mo s see s to co ect him . F th l t like n ly one an d the same mythical Fictio . n u the B e6wulf the e o This bri gs s to o ther , H r o f the o em e e n he e a n a ea s as an P , wh r i c rt i ly pp r o e e son a Waé mun din son of Ec theéw th r P r , g g, g , n H rethel h atic n n u a d Nephew to t e Ge Ki g, livi g f ll s e e e two gen eration s later than his Name ak . N v r m e a he is ea theless e ie e . e I b l v , with Mr K bl , th t r lly N e e in the same mythological Personage . o wh r but s o em is he men one and o he is e e thi P ti d , th ugh th r state d to h ave h olden the Geétic Sceptre half a- Cen et in no s of e K n s o es his ame tury, y Li t th ir i g d N ffer en e in the enea o n ee s not o ccur. The Di c G l gy d n The a s stan d in the Way of this Supp o sitio . T ble r u f s s re an e s ness the ffe en a e f ll o uch Di c p ci , wit di r t s f d n en a o e are all con Genealogie o O i giv b v , which tradicted by the Edda of S norri and the Heim I N T R O D U C T I O N . xxiii

8 n la e e S k 61d is a e the Son o f din , skri g , wh r j c ll d O h n who thus becomes n o t a Descendant but t e A

h S k bldun ar o r S c ldin s of o ur o em . c e sto r o f t e j g , y g P ’ e o f e o s e emen s as The very Natur B wulf Achi v t , I a o e seems to ma him as a s er man o b serve d b v , rk up hu n an d e efo e we on s e him as the S on B ei g , if th r r c id r f n we m a se e in his on es en e o Odi , y C t t with Gr d l the D emon an d his Fien d -Mo ther that C ontest and f h ne n e o e the o e Victory o t e Divi Pri cipl v r Evil P w r, the No tio n where of the Heathen seem universally t o a e rese e in ar a e and s e h v p rv d d k , v ri d di ﬁgur d a o n s n ee o na n n o o in the Tr diti i d d, but rigi ti g D ubt r Nor s o the same divin e and p o phetic So urce . h uld Fact o f a G o d appearing her e as o nly a Hero sur i the s a o rse e e o ne R e p rize us. Such s u u l C u wh r

‘ n The o s o f the a an ligion super sedes a o ther . G d b d on e d System sink do wn to the R an k o f D emi- G o ds o r s erna ra er o es an d as to o n ar H e up tu l H , l tly rdi y o es in w s a e e ar e re en l m e r , hich t t th y f qu t y ix d up a s o a e A nd s B e éwulf the with hi t rical Ch ract r. thu G o d sinks ﬁrst to the State of B e 6 wulf the Scyld in a er to the E o n ni o f the orther n s an d g , F th p y N , as s s es n o B e éwulf the W aé m undin Ne l tly ub id i t g g ,

e to H rethel an d r en o f r o a . e ph w , F i d H thg r Oth r ’ I n stan ce s o fthis R eductio n o f a he athen Go d s R an k I shall have to mention in the C o urse of this Intro ductio n but that the R eader may comprehen d the Ten den cy o f the hum an Min d to lower the Ran k o f n s ea of en e s ar n the o s o f a , i t d tir ly di c di g, G d s s em has a an o ne r efe to o n e In y t it b d d, I will r stan ce where it is eviden ce d in a Mann er to o pain an d a a n to e o n to o m o an ful pp lli g dw ll up , but i p rt t n d a app o site h ere to be p asse d o ver in to tal Silen ce . Where verthe ho ly Faith o fthe G o sp el has been sup

8 ’ Snorri s 1 1 0. a b . . D as s n . ore w o r . . Edd , y G W t F d p '

1 1 . Heims krin la . Ka . . o l . 1 . . P e rin sk rold . g p v V p 5 . Edit . g 7 . 1 2 . o f the erm an ran s a on b M hnik e o l . 1 . 9 p G T l ti y o . V . p o f the D an s V ersmn b Gr und t vi i h y g. xxiv I N T R O D U C T I O N .

an e e e A reianism o r o amme an sm pl t d ith r by M h d i , an d ea f o f en e en en the m o e r e ( f r ully t , v wh by r s ectable o ms o f o es an sm our n e Sa p F r Pr t t ti ), divi v io ur is o r e a e f om H is o ea an d f thwith d gr d d r G dh d, o o e on as a me e Man o r at es as ssa the l k d up r , b t I

Pro ph et . ’ B e éwulf s divine Char acte r derives some Conﬁ r ma o n rom his am e the n e ra o on e eof ti f N , i t g l P rti wh r ” is B eo the e m na on - f e n e o e ; t r i ti wul b i g , lik th r e m n a o ns in o r e n ames o en an ea e T r i ti N th r N , ft ch g bl o r o m ss e . N o w the a on s an d mo s i ibl Old S x , t likely o ther contermin al Tribes called th eir H ar es - on o a a o f s and e em v t M th , (pr b bly p rt Augu t S pt ber) by this very Name o f B eo o r B ewo d : thu s ’ ’

beuuo s e etum . H él . 7 9 . 14 . an . o , g j Kili b uw , ’ ‘ ’ a r vum . messis . In a a a bau s e es ba en B v ri , , g ; u , ‘ ’ s emin a r e bewo d m essis . H él . 7 8 . 16 . Teu , j ’ ’ ' tonista . bo uwt . mess is . wi nbouwt vin d emza . j , B e o o r B eo w is th erefo re in all Probability a Go d o f r e an d e an d es his ame Ag icultur F rtility, giv N to a Mon th a s the Go ddesses Eo stre an d H r édhe n n s s e did to April an d March . It stre gthe thi Vi w o f the ase a he is the an so n o f S céaf m a C th t Gr d , mf u lu s r umenti shea o cor n om he p f ( f f ) , with wh ” i r a s n a N o r o e his e o a a s pe h p ide tic l . d s h r ic Ch r c ter a e fr om the o a of s o on fo r t k Pr b bility thi N ti , VVdden an d Th6 r ar e n ot only Go ds o f Battle an d Victo ry but al so Rulers of the W eather an d Giver s o f e r and n r ease . a on e n ee o

F tility I c I ' h d c i d d th ught o f co nn e cting the Name with the Wo r d Buan . ” “ ” l . . . an to d w ell o a an e A S Bu , ; G thic, b u ; Ic

bua D an . bo e e . bo to d well a ; Sw d , house an d thus to have m ade B e o wulf a Go d o f ’ A e e his o e on o f H r éth ar s rchit ctur , which Pr t cti g a n s seems to arr an the a o e gre t Buildi g w t , but b v ’

o n is . Kemble s is I t hink mo re Acc u t, which Mr , ro a p b ble . Be wulf is a e o r VVeder and a ese é G at , th t th

T xxvi I N R O D U C T I O N . places the D ominions of its H ugleikr (if he be the s me e son in n n e n ame o f a P r ) Swede . U d r the

H u letus a o I V . a es him 26 th on the g , S x (Lib . ) pl c n List o f D anish Kings . The matter may I thi k 12 r n be set at Rest by compa i g the Saxo n Chron . with ’ 13 n the a h f en fElfred s Bede . I l tter t e Pe o ple o K t and the I sle of Wight are stated to b e descende d f o m the e s in the o me om the J es an d r G at , f r r fr ut ,

Anglia is said to be between the Jutes and Saxons . I sho uld therefo re place the G eatas n o rth of the n es in the en ns a o f enma and o o on A gl P i ul D rk, l k them an d the A n gles as n eighb our ing an d in timately onne e es and o a s n om the e c ct d Trib , t t lly di ti ct fr S yl

ﬁ ng s in Sweden . The Geatic ro yal Family app ears to run acco rd ing to the following scheme S werta)

Sw er tin g H re the l

n N N H ereb eald H aethcy . a d aught er m . Ec gthe 6 w

N N a a er . d ught H e ard red e

m . Eo fer

amo n s em . s w as i n 302 w er e as the n en in g t th Thi , h i cid t

. re o r m s a e e en e w e e 1 1 a S G g y u t h v b b t n 5 nd 5 6 2 . M e z er ay

5 1 . Abr . m . a es a o 7 ron . T o . 1 00. the pl c it b ut Ch iii . p But H igelac of Beow ulf is a mythic al Ch aracter mix e d up w ith n a n e a hi s to ric l o . ‘ 2 ‘ ‘ mo n an c a e miht 4 ' O lé c um o E . a e 5 p c p n j p p . ( 1 1 1 re o - ‘ ‘ mac 6 5 6 mi e a b aiS o n Illih c . : A n e 5 p ) O } gl co mon. ’ ' ' ‘ e a. iiSBan z é b é c i be t i x lﬁ c um anb S e ax r r r p r g p um . ' ‘ 3 ‘ : Ee aca uman nb on C an t a e anb IDih‘c mc‘ n O } pn ry p n r a . ‘ ‘ ' 3 i e o e: (Dih c S aar: e alon o on e a b a 1 r r b p b. I n the O ros s ZElfre d m en o n s t he a o ns an d n e s no t iu ti S x A gl , but

t he e a s w om he ro a n es w the a er . G t , h p b bly i clud ith l tt I N T R O D U C T I O N . xxvii

W onr e d H mre th

Eo fe r H ereric B ygd

m a a er m. 1 . Hi elac . d ught g f i léc ffa o H ge 2 . O

n o en e of o es e and in a a e in I Fl r c W rc t r, T bl an o n e we ﬁ nd Swerta amon the n es o s L gh r , g A c t r f s is the of the o f the Deiran Kings . I thi Father wertin o f our o em the ine r un o n om S g P , L will d w fr Odin thus

VVéd en

’ W aagd zég

Sige gér

Sigege at

Smbald

S a fugel

S w erta

It may however he remar ke d that the name o f S werting twice o ccurs in the List o f the An cestors

f en s in . A n d the n es o s of H en o H ge t p xix . A c t r i h gest wo uld be Geats . If this s t e Line whereto the am of H i elac is to be af a e the ea e F ily g ﬁli t d, R d r must make Swer ting and B rethel the Children either

f n . r of S rtin . an ma s o Wilki I o we g II . Alb Kr tz ke f Slesvig at that Time in Possession o the Saxon s . Th e of H i elac is a s an e a a e an d e Wif g tr g Ch r ct r, 14 ea s the ame H d of o ne o f t e W aslc rian b r N ( yg ) h y ,

“ 1 4 O n the W aalc rian se e . r mm Teutsche M tholo ie y J G i y g , — 3 . 235 24 Th r f S o ns w the p . e thi d B oo k o axo pe ith R eign o f a n Ho therus who is escr e as me e n ese B e n s Ki g , d ib d ti g th i g in a Woo d . xxviii I N T R O D U C T I O N . who a en on o en an d s m a tt d up W d , with thi ythic l

P ersonage she app ears to be intimately mixe d up . 15 ' e the ea o f H i elac she ma e s O ﬁ a Aft r D th g , rri , n o f the n es to d o the oe oo n Ki g A gl , which , P t, l ki g for the n es in n an e s us she o sse A gl E gl d, t ll cr d ’ ” the a o o o her a W ho f ll w Fl d by F th er s Advice . her a e H aéreth was o r who W onrede the Fa F th r , e o f her on - n -law o th r s i was I do n o t know . Sh uld we s o se the o e who was n es ona a upp P t, u qu ti bly 16 ’ s an to e a a e o f the a s an as a Chri ti , b w r L dy R k heathen Go ddess it may well acco unt for the ma nan a a e he ass ns to her the s an lig t Ch r ct r ig , Chri ti Faith having taught us to assign to the heathen

au . Go ds their true Character as D evil s . (St . P l

. d o r . . 2 an d e se e e . i a C x 0. l wh r ) Offa is calle d the N ephew of Garmund and S on o f Hemming (n epa Eapmun b e r 8c maag be mmmg er) so that his Line in B e éwulf stands thus

W 6 d en

W ihtlae g

H emming Garmund

Ancestors of the M ercian Kings .

1 5 O n her arr a e see Vita O te I t . r n e at the End of M i g , f , p i t d ’ W atts Mathew o f P aris : the Biograph er h aving attribute d he is a e b the En thi s in cid en t to O ffa o f M erci a . S c ll d y g

D id a or C nedrid a . N ors e . ruer or lish W riters r y (O p , - W o man Thr thr . Thr thr i . e . Thr thr or Ku ena y y y , n ﬁ es V ir in e n ke H d the Name o f a tho ugh it sig i g , b i g, li yg , W alcyrie. ’ 16 The P o e t s Acqu aintan c e with and B elief in the H o ly

d the r s an R e o n D r . Thorkelin who i s S criptur e an Ch i ti ligi , , i n d etermine d to mak e o ut the Po em to h av e b e en w ritten en r sto e n es D enmark in the Thir d or Fo ur th C tu y, utly d i , I N T R O D U C T I O N. xxix

m to h a e o f the S c lfi n s cer We no w co e t e R c y g , n es are O n en tainly a Swedish Tribe . Their Pri c g e ow s a n in a e a a n s H i elé c f and th , l i B ttl g i t g by Wul Eo fer in e en e for his on s n a e the , R v g which S i v d Ge tic e o an d s a H eardrede an d in e a T rrit ry , l y , th ir Turn are ro ute d and killed by Be owulf and Wih h stan a S cylfi ng Prin ce in the Ge atic service . T e Scheme will stan d thus O ngen theéw W h a lfi n i st n 1 . an (a S cy g) m . El

NN . tak en in at e a t . ea s 2 . B tl g G t

O nela O hthere

Eanmund Eadgils

Eadgils may be the A dils of the Ynglinga- Saga s O h her is a so and A thislus of Saxo . If o then t e l the a o f the H eimskrin la an d o ss O n en Ott r g , p ibly g 17 h un u hin m m s t eéw may be A o r (D Ga le . But it u t he con fessed that the Characters d o n ot seem to s o n f h n s o f co rre spon d . Thi w uld ide ti y t e Scylﬁ g o m th Y n lin n rr ur Po e with e g gas o f S o i .

’ and asse rts hi s Author s Th eo l ogy to be but th at of H o mer

o r ero . anno n ers an s sser o n The R e Cic I c t u d t d thi A ti . feren c es to the r re and t o r s an D o r n e w Sc iptu Ch i ti ct i , ith e en ssen o n the ar o f the o e a e ar to m e s o vid t A t P t P t , pp a a e a to en em seems e e er an o bsti p lp bl , th t d y th littl b tt th - e n s nate Wrong h e ad d e s . 17 In an o ld Norse and Latin Catalo gus Regum S u e cia a

m rdiis r n ad a n m r an . pri o eg i M g u E ici . F ant . Script r er . e . . . 2 3 5 . s name is wr en H a n an and Su c I p , , thi itt g An kun w is an ro a to the rs ar o f On en , hich App ch ﬁ t p t g theéw r An ant r a n u e n theé i s in o g y . Ag i O g w c all e d B e 6 - w f ome la . e . hin Gamle the o ld . s the Cha ul s , i , But till r ac te rs are w e ifferen : O ne e n a W arriour an d id ly d t b i g , d n in a e th e o er a s ers o s D r e er n yi g B ttl , th up titi u iv ll dyi g bed -r en at the A e of 200 ears idd g y . xxx I N T R O D U C T I O N .

A R ace of H unlaﬁ ngs is al so mentioned in the o em P . Their Hero es seem to be

H unléf

af O slaf o r O rd léf Guthl ,

Ettmiiller ma es O rdlaf an additl onal o e k Br th r, he seems to be the same e son as O slaf on e but P r , Fo rm b eing u se d by the Auth o r o f B e éwulf the o e h ar h th r by t e B d o f the Battle of Finne sbur . Ett miiller al so m akes the Garulf of the Battle of Fin n esburh the S on o f Guthlaf o n what Autho rity I know n o t ; certainly the Verse he cites from the

of inn esb. o es n hi s . B . F d ot call m o The Frisians and their King Finn next deman d o ur n i o n s e e attentio . This Person age s c id r d by n d Mr . K emble as an other In stan ce of a Heathe Go s n n n H i ma s on the i ki g to a Epic Hero . s R e rk up subj ect are p erhap s hardly so satisfacto ry as co uld he s e as a e n o n mo e o a e t o wi h d, but I h v thi g r pr b bl bring fo rward I shall here present my R eaders with the s an f be o se e a Sub t ce o them . It will b rv d th t ’ Fir m in B e éwulf and in the Traveller s S ong is Now calle d Folcwalding and the S on o f Folcwald . ’ in the Li sts o f Odin s Pro genitors given abo ve (p . his name o s he was the son of God xix , xxi) ccur , but 18 in o e s o f o n e o in Nennius and wulf, th r G dwi , th ugh , 1 9 en o f n n o n his a e ea s the n ame H ry Hu ti gd , F th r b r 20 o f Folcwald as in o ur o em e sse and , P , whil A r, so me others mak e him a nd his Father into o ne Person un de r the Name o f Finngo dwulf. Which ’ e ver o f the three names o f Finn s Father we tak e

‘ 9 ’ ’ unn s Nennius . 6 1 . I n a e s . Fo lcw ald i s G , p G l Edit c all e d Folcpald e viden tly by mis tak ing the Old w (p) fo r

a P. ‘ 9 ’ S av ile s S cri to re s o s e am 1 7 8 . L on on 1 5 96 . p p t B d , p. d 20 sser . 4 . for 1 7 22 A , p Ox d . I N T R O D U C T I O N. xxxi

for n e er n ee s e e the o e . Go d right, ith d xclud th r w n r e mo e an G o d the wulf an d G o d i e a e littl r th , s e n Lu us divin a s the se o n D eus a micus fir t b i g p , c d , w ld i R r o u li all n ames of while Fo lc a a s ecto p p , an d s n in the il a - s a is a e D eity, thu Odi V l p c ll d ’ F lcvaldr o 6 a n e 246 : B er mann v ol . . . 5 3 . 6 G (li g , iii p ’ a Finn M agnusen s Edd ) . h me r m is n o m o n e is But t e Na Fi u c p u d d, which itself Eviden ce of a divin e rath er than a hero ic ’ Character : an d his Po sition amo ng Wo den s A n c esto r s leads o ne to susp ect that the Fin of the ’ a e e s on B eé wulf and the a e of Fin Tr v ll r S g, , B ttl n esburh is ea a m a e so na e who has , r lly ythic l P r g grown out o f some of the Legends concerning ” Mr m no o en . Now sa s . e e o W d , y K bl , th ugh Teuto nic tongue furnishes a family o f w o rds from who se etymological relations the signification (of F n can o s e e a n be s o e e et i ) with p itiv c rt i ty di c v r d , y pe rhap s the following attempt may lea d to some m n h a n appro ximation to wards a ea ing . T e L ti P enna fo r P in n a the n s F in o f a fi sh ( ) , E gli h n in s mo o o nn n in re sta d clo e ety l gical c e ctio . F p s o se s a T eutonic e of the x n th C o n a on upp v rb jug ti ,

n na n a n un n on unn en . The n s a n ﬁ , f , f , f E gli h f an d ﬁ n den ote light m o veable shap es cl o sely re sem n ea o er the or un en o es ho s e bli g ch th , w df d t i t r m r m The H o us e en . a n o A n . ri t Old igh Dutchf , g

S ax . a n a ann s o a wa vin o e n f , p u , pr b bly g cl th ; f ,

S chmeller s W drterb . the so so n : o ( ) ft uth wi d G th .

un s n s : o . u ns A n . Sax . us a r a tus f , ig i G th f , g f , p , o es n o t th o n e o n of a c tive . D e c c pti m o tio n lie in the er nn a n ? If so he Fin is o n an o er v b ﬁ , ( ) ly th o m o f W 6 den o se n ame er e from the r ae f r , wh , d iv d p terite mid o f w a d a n to o en o es in e man , ( g ), d t lik n er the moving acting go dhead : and this view o f the meaning o f the n ame app ear s to m e to be con ’ ﬁrme d by the fact that ev en W 6 d en s name appear s to be o nly a further der ivative from an equivalen t x x x ii I N T R O D U C T I O N.

‘ W he a r e d t a ae . o f Wa d a n at ﬁ n , ctu l p t least I d ’ him in the a e er s o n 1. a e W d n o Tr v ll S g, c ll d 6 t

- VV 6 d en an d in the a o s a. 23 . , Edd , V lu p (l ’ ’ e a is a e O S s m e n ot O 5 inn s . inn r as the Fr y c ll d y, F n ame o f a Go d do e s n ot o ccur in the Old No r se My tho lo a e ser e Finnr is o n . o rnald gy, but B r k r f u d F

o 2 . 242 an d n f h n m S . o e o t e n e e s n s g , i v ry ythic o of V V ikin r a h am n m l e s t e s e a e na d . 2 . 405 . g b r Fo r S dg .

- I n h . w t e Vo lu spa xxi [ xiv] (l 8 1 B ergm .) a d arf Finn r a ear s a s a es en an o f a n s pp , d c d t Dw li , but thi n am e m s be er e r o m the o se n n u t d iv d f Old N r ,ﬁ a

A n . S ax . n d a n inven ir e to nd is ho wever g ﬁ , ( ﬁ ) It , , n o t n m o t an at in the same o em 12 an o e u i p r t th P , th r 21 ’ a ri o f M o d so n er s o o is men o n e Dw rf Bu , g bl d, ti d,

2 . 13 . 1 . n fo r the Fo rnald ar S o g . 4 givi g a Saxon gen ealo gy comp are d with the Nor se mythic de scents

' r mentio n s Finn han wer k o llum Bu i . But h ere it is e ea at n o a f is mean fo r the o quit cl r th dw r t, V lu s a a ra e s n s es e ween M o ds d p ccu t ly di ti gui h b t Buri , g ’ ’ n e s e s en an an d Finn r D walin s es en an r d c d t, , d c d t, who se n ame is no t fo un d in som e MSS . But what Buri is then meant ? Obvio usly the an tient mythic r a r iens en er a n s the fa er o f o r o s Bu i (p , g ) th Bur B r n a tu ener a tus o se r ee so n s in n are ( s . g ) wh th tur

n e an d V e . n n en is as r a Odi , Vil , If Fi th Bu i o en o r of W6 d en he ma e safe be o o e pr g it , y v ry ly l k d ” r up on as a mer e fo m o f W 6 den himself. n s an e at the o r na o f nn Havi g thu gl c d igi l Myth Fi , ema n s to n o e the r ea o r fa o s Fin e o it r i tic l bul u , H r n H e is e esen e in the an d King o f F rie sla d . r pr t d

1 2 e m e o m s to r em ar a i n the N ame s t M r . K bl it k th t o f he D w arfs an d in the M ann e r o f w r itin g th em th er e i s gre at

D s r e an amo n th e . The w o e n e : B i lli n r i c p cy g MSS h l Li g , ” r n B ild r 1 w er e s N ame o rs i s in s o me l n B u i , , Bu i , h thi ccu ' s an e s a s en . rof. B er mann i n w o s e . o f the o t c b t P g , h Edit V lu s a w o form n e 6 8 o m s as S r o s . r o f. nn p it uld Li , it it pu i u P Fi n D e r no r s s s b M agn use n a d D r . i t ich (Alt di ch e L e e uch) in cl o se it W l tll in B rack e ts as d o ubtful .

I N T R O D U C T I O N.

W6 d en

‘ B aald aeg

B ron d

té B eono c , o r B e ans n

An c estors o f Kin gs Anc estors o f Kin gs B rec c a o f W esse x of B em icia

’ H eatho -r oemis B recca s a a is o a the , C pit l, pr b bly I sland o f R om (R o mesi! o r Ro m!) o n the N orth

West C o ast o f Slesvig . I pro ceed n ow to give a sho rt acco unt o f the n i l o f n X r Sigmun d a d F te a C a to III . These a e the Si urdr F afnisbani and Sinfi otli of the a g , Edd ’ mun dar and V olsri n a a a and the o me o f S te g S g , f r r them is the Sigur dr or Sigfr o dr of the Wilkin a a a the Sifrid o r e f e o f the e n e S g , ( Si g ri d) Nib lu g f f n Th N6 t and the Sey rit o the Helde buch . e Po et h o wev er has confused Sigur dr Fafnisbani and i m dr w n his Fathe r Sigmun dr . S g un as a Ki g in 24 an an a S on of V olsun r who n o t e o Fr kl d, g , , r c g nizing his Sister Sigui disgui se d by the Arts o f a 25 e a of her Sin fi 6 tli who is a o n Witch , b g t , cc rdi gly a e e e his e e and is the o e n ot c ll d h r N ph w , Br th r Si ur d i Nephew o f Sigur dr . But g r and S gmun dr are in e o on e e so n the m n o f the B wulf P r , Sig u d 26 S i mundr an d Sinfi iitli ass on Po et . g p the ir A d en u es o e e ar e an e fo r a e fo r r v t r t g th r, ch g d Whil th ei

24 oem . Sinﬁ o tla Lo k . ran an w o t Edd . S F kl d uld a th a t ’ an s of th e R n e Si mund r s n m s time be bo th B k hi . g Ki gdo i be somew er e a o t the mo ern D e o f li said to h b u d utch y Ju ers . N e n en - e a s Ni e e rlan d th W lk The d e i ina . ib lu g li d c ll it , , S c . - 1 31 Jarlun a an . . g l d 25 lsfi n a a a 0 . 1 1 . V ti g S g , 26 ’ o lsri n a S a a . 1 1 . 1 2. 1 3 . 1 4 . V g g , c I N T R O D U C T I O N. xxxv

mes n o e o es and b n n her Cri i t W rw lv , ur Sig y with

s an e . Si mundr ma e B or hildr Hu b d Sigg ir g rri d g , om he had ss e e e an d H amundr and by wh I u H lg , a e a H iiidis Si urdr . The o o n Ge ft rw rd, by , g f ll wi g nealo gy is taken fro m the Tables given by Pe ' rin sk old at the En d o f the Wilkina a a om g j S g , fr the e n en- e om the a S oemun dar and Nib lu g li d, fr Edd ' V blsfi nga Saga Audi or Odinn

Siggy o r Sigvat

Iterer

’ W o lsri ngr

Sigmund r Signy

m . 1 . B or hild r m S i i er K 0 f g . gg , .

2 ; Hierdis . Gautland , d o fN . Elin n a o r Sige n li d .

1 Sinﬁ o tli 2 H e lge 3 Hamund r 4 Sig ur dr e o en m 1 B nh ld b g tt o r Hamdir . ry i ur f i 2 o h s . Guthr un or Sis ter Cr imhild Signy

Kin g Jo rmun d rik

B ro dd H aurﬁ il B o rgh dr had a Brother named H roar or Gun I N T R O D U C T I O N . 27 n a rr ; but Gunnarr and Sinﬁ iitli both falling in o e the sam e a the o m e was s ain L v with L dy , f r r l by th n B hil e latter. O this org dr determine d to drive him n o e Si mundr ns s n on his be n i t Exil , but, g i i ti g i g “ on a n the om ensa on -mone or e e quit p yi g C p ti y, w r , h s e poiso ned him . 28 The Wilkin a S aga calls the Mo the r of Sigurdr s e Coecilia a e o f Nidun n of a n Si il ) d ught r g Ki g Sp i , and tells a Tale o f his Birth too intere sting to be m The o is m ar to a mo s o itted here . St ry v ery si il t

ea e e e a e to . en e e e b utiful L g nd r l tiv S G vi v , which ma be seen in the se on V ol o f the e s e y c d . D ut ch a en of the e en r mm and was s e S g Br thr G i , publi h d in English during the Stewart Perio d in a duo de ” mo o m a e nno en e asse e and ci V lu e c ll d I c c rt d, which I met with a few Years ago in the Library of . E ston Es . at en e o se e s . The J y , q H dr d H u , B rk Saga info rms us that during the Absen ce o f Sig mundr he omm e his een to he ar e o f two , c itt d Qu t C o emen n and e mann who a n to N bl , Artvi H r , f ili g n e her to e a her s an on his e n i duc b tr y Hu b d, R tur i mun dr em to accused her in Malice . S g o rdere d th lead her out into a neighbo uring Wo o d to Ex ecu W a e mann om n on n . O the e tio n y H r f lt C pu cti , an d his savage C ompanion taking Offen ce at his o es a on of en en e e fe to o s an d Pr t t ti P it c , th y ll Bl w In the mean me the n a Artvin was slain . Ti u h ppy een was a en ema e a o and Qu t k with pr tur L b ur, a e her n an Si urdr in a ass esse w pl c d I f t, g , gl v l , hich Artvin in the Struggle s o f D eath kn o cke d into the e at the o f en the een Riv r, Sight which Accid t Qu e e . The ass o e e o a e xpired with Gri f Gl , h w v r, ﬂ t d

’ 27 The N ame is c all e d H roar in the B re thren Grimm s L r d e a en a Gunn arr in th e re a o en a en ie d e lt Edd , but g t C p h g n d ar f n M a nus n E t . of the a S aemu b ro . n en i di Edd , y P Fi g ,

4to . 1 7 87 . 1 81 8 . 1 828 . 3 vol s . ”9 — k S a . c . 1 3 1 1 49 . r mm H e ensa e . . 73 . Wil . g G i ld g p N x u I N T R O D U C T I O . x x v w he eam om n in on a the ith t Str , till c i g C t ct with

B an o e as n e and the s r eame . k , it br k u d r, Child c d Then came a Hin d and to o k the Child in her o an d a e him ome to her a e e she M uth, b r h L ir , wh r had two o n o e e she s e y u g, t g th r with which uckl d him so a at the En d of a e emo n he was , th t Tw lv th ld e w s as stro ng as a Bo y of fo ur Years o . Ther a a M an name me a ma e o s nn n d Mi r , rv ll u ly cu i g m who o o him o me and e a e him in S ith, t k h duc t d i he en o f the h s Smithey. After a While t Str gth B o s a e in a a e o n e o f his e o y, di pl y d Qu rr l with f ll w an af - a s name Eckihard an d s n H dicr t l d d , by plitti g the n his o s an d e a s his o a A vil with Bl w , p rh p V r city , (for it seems he ate in o n e D ay what was tho ught eno for n ne a se so me A a m to me ugh i ), c u d l r Mi r , who acco rdingly aske d him to go into the Wo o d and n the ar o a n en n a he s o bur Ch c l , i t di g th t h uld e e a a a r e to his ro er B e nn who th r f ll S c iﬁc B th gi , a n e the o o an d for his e es had een h u t d W d, Cru lti b

ne n o a o s ra on . Si urdr assen e tur d i t furi u D g g t d, o o him a a e and a n o n a t k with H tch t, h vi g cut d w as n m e o f ees a an e em in a e for v t u b r Tr , rr g d th Pil n n and a n e em as was now bur i g, h vi g light d th , it D a - me set mse f to his ea and ate all y ti , hi l M l , up the Meat an d dran k up all the Win e which Mime r expe cte d wo uld last him n in e D ays . Pre sently he saw the a o n a o a and a n a am n Dr g ppr ch , dr wi g ﬂ i g eam from the e s a e him on the ea e e B Fir , tr k H d th r s o e a he e e him to the a with with uch F rc th t f ll d E rth , and e ea e his o s the a o n was ea r p t d Bl w till Dr g d d , w n his A x e he o ff his ea In the he with cut H d . en n a n e his e e a e he Ev i g h vi g ﬁll d K ttl with W t r, ’ cut o ff with the Hatchet some o f the Drago n s f i e O n n his in Flesh to boil o r h s Supp r . putti g F er n o the o an d s a n he n o g i t Liqu r, c ldi g it, put it i t his o and so n n a o o n his on e M uth, bri gi g Dr p T gu , h e mme a e n er s o o the an a e o f r s i di t ly u d t d L gu g Bi d , nd ea two s sa n to one ano e s a h rd Bird yi g th r, If thi xxxviii I N T R O D U C T I O N.

M an n e a we no he o e a n o k w wh t k w , w uld c rt i ly g ome and s a M me his o s e -fa e who has h l y i r F t r th r, a em e to o m ass his ea fo r s e en tt pt d c p D th , thi S rp t ’ was me s o e and me a en e hi s Mi r Br th r, Mi r will v g o o an d h i r e Bl d kill t e Yo uth . S gu dr then rubb d ’ his o the ra on s o o o n his B dy with D g Bl d , which n e ame as m ene a e as o n e e be Ski b c i p tr bl H r , xc pt tween the Sho ulders wher e he co uld n o t r each to a an d a n es m e his o e s en pply it ; h vi g r u d Cl th , w t ’ me ar n h ho c ryi g t e Dragon s H ead in his Han d . O n his Re turn Mimer hyp o critically bids him wel ome he an s e s s a be n o e o me c , but w r , It h ll W lc ” fo r ou for ou s a na s ea e a D o . y , y h ll g w thi H d lik g ” No n o sa M me o u m s n o t d o a , , id i r, y u t th t, I a ssur e yo u I had rather make yo u C omp en sation ’ for a n n 1 e o u the H el h vi g do e 1 1 to yo u. I ll giv y met an d a e an d n e o se e a ons Shi ld Byr i , th W p I ma e fo r H ertnid n o f H olm ardi and e d Ki g g , th y are the best o f all Weapo ns . A n d a Horse will I e ou name an is in the of giv y d Gr i, which Stud B r nhildr an d a o a e Gramr is the y , Sw rd c ll d , which ” e s f all S i ur dr n a e e the b t o Swo rds . g havi g cc pt d on on s an d on the mo me a e C diti , put Ar ur, Mi r g v him the o s n n his mo s Sw rd , which wi gi g with ut t

en t he s a e an d k e me . He en Str g h , tr k ill d Mi r th o ee s to the o or as e of Br nhildr s s pr c d B rg C tl y , bur t o pen the Gates and slays seven Thr alls and seven

n s who o o se him . B r nhildr who was K ight , pp y , i n r s 1 k m m u s n n s tti g in he B o udo ir ( i t u r s e i i), ea n of the a e en o wn an d o wel h ri g M tt r, w t d j yfully ome her s o n o me him of his an and c d Vi it r, i f r d R k eo he had e o een n o an and Birth wher f hith rt b ig r t, n ea n n a inquired the Obj e ct of his Visit . O l r i g th t he had ome fo r the o se an she a e him c H r Gr i, g v ee e m ss o n to a e him an d sen so me o f her fr P r i i t k , t na e to Attendants to catch him . They were u bl do so an e ere m se s on aneo s , but Gr i d liv d hi lf p t u ly to i urdr who ut a e on him mo n e o n S g , p Bridl , u t d I N T R O D U C T I O N . his a and a n an e B r nhildr fo r her B ck , h vi g th k d y h Wilkina o s a e a e . s far t e H pit lity, d p rt d Thu

S a a .

The a the V olsun a a a an d the e Edd , g S g , Nib l ff ungen Lie d tell the Tale so mewhat di erently . Acco r din g to the last Sigelint is the Name o f ’ ’ Sifrit s Si ur dr s o e a o n to the s ( g ) M th r, cc rdi g ﬁr t ' two H iord s : an d the o of s e seem s to , y St ry Si il n n m ll have bee unk o wn to the Autho rs o f the a . In the Edda and l sunga Saga Reginn o r Reigin is the ame o f the m n o t o f the ra on who N S ith, D g , is fnir r f the V 61 calle d F a . Indee d the Autho o ﬁ n s r f M n s n o s es s a a a a o . nn a u e e g S g , P Fi g b rv , r s h appea to have take n his Acco un t fro m t e Edda .

er e the a e is o e er s to . H reithmar H T l , h w v , thu ld a Perso n o f the Race o f the Dwarfs o r D ae mon s had ee o n s Rei in afn r a nd . The thr S , g , F i , Otur last had the Faculty o f tr an sfo rming himself into an e and in s o rm was e o Ott r, thi F kill d by L ki who in co mpany with Odin and H aene r m et an d s h m h m n i h (B r cha e d i . T e sa e Eve ng t e si (Go ds) a e o ut in man o m an d a n a e e w lk d hu F r , h vi g cc pt d the o s a of H reithmar e e him H pit lity , w r by with the Ass s an e o f R ei in who w as mar e o s i t c g , v ll u ly nn n e an d s f in ma m a e r son cu i g , cru l , kil ul gic, d P i r e om e s . Th y ran s e d themselves by ﬁllin g the ’ s R i in an afn Otter Skin with Gold . e g d F ir wishe d fo r a a e o f s eas re and H r eithmar re Sh r thi Tr u , s n was m e e in his s ee afnir who fu i g urth r d l p by F , a o r a e the o e eas r e to m se f an d ppr p i t d wh l Tr u hi l , 29 e n o n e for e e r Rei in o r his two l ft ith g Sisters . Re inn as e fo r his are o f the o afnir g k d Sh G ld , but F re se an d e n o ssesse o f an is- m fu d, b i g p d n hel et s a e T erro ur n o e e n n h which tr k i t v ry livi g Thi g, e

29 This e i f n n he uith a Si ur d r Faf Tal s o u d i t Edda. Q g a n isban a ar 1 . o m are V iilsﬁ n a S a . . 23 . an d S k ald a , p —t C p g g c . . 1 35 7 . l . c p T xl I N R O D U C T I O N .

ons an la at Gnitaheithi a n his c t tly y , w tchi g Trea su e in the o rm of a e e a o n . r , F t rribl Dr g Si urdr a n on s e his U n e Gri ir who g h vi g c ult d cl p , was a ee a o his a e en to the a e o f S r, b ut F t , w t St bl

H al rekr e m . H ilferich . Chil eric and j p , (G r , Fr p ), en e o se for mse the o se an a e o f th c ch hi lf H r Gr i, l rg ’ 30 s a e and e om n s a e e ne . t tur , br d fr Odi Ch rg r Sl ip r B eginn then j o in e d him an d b ecame his Adviser and m n H e o him th a w s C o pa ion . t ld e T le e have ju t na a e o e fo r him the o Gramr and rr t d , f rg d Sw rd , u e him o a e V en ean e n f rg d t t k g c up o F a nir. Si gur dr then sets out acco mpanied by B eginn in so me s n s e H al rekr an d af e a Ship fur i h d by j p , t r o m and s n a a o e wi a e van St r i gul r Di l gu th Nick r, quishes an d slays Lyngvi H un din gs - son and his H e en e n s o me a three Brethren . th r tur h to Hj l rekr e n a a n n e Re inn to the p , but b i g g i i cit d by g S a e of a n he and Re i nn o ee to l ught r F f ir, g pr c d ni t heithi and ﬁ n d the a e e afnir was G a , P th wh r by F i w ont to glide to the Water . H ere S g ur dr dug a A s a n ss h Pit an d go t into it . F f ir pa e d fo rth e o ut a Jet o f enom o e e asse blew V , which h w v r p d ’ o er Si ur dr s ea an d as he e o e the v g H d , glid d v r Pit Sigurdr pierce d him through the Heart with his

o and s an o ut o f the . o s Dia Sw rd, pr g Pit A curi u n s s a n ass e s Si urdr a the rea l o gue e ue . F f ir ur g th t T s o e his n and a B e nn as ure will pr v Rui , th t gi will 31 readily b etray him as he had himself. ’ Sigmundr then to o k Fafn ir s Heart and ro aste d o n a e an d en he o was on e it Wir , wh th ught it d n o an d the o o e f om the ea e ugh, Bl d bubbl d r H rt, then he to o k it with his Fingers an d tr ie d whethe r

o as e . n him and he his it we re fully r t d It bur t , put ’ Fin ger in his Mo uth : but a s so o n as Fafnir s ’ H ear t s Blo o d had to uche d his To ngu e he un de r

o s S a . . 22 V l . g c . 3 ‘ ' om are V bls . S a . 27 . C p g. c xlii I N T R O D U C TI O N.

on the n no en Sifrit o he a e had up i c t , th ugh t l tt r ” beaten his Wife black and blue fo r her Imper tinence to the een o f n ea n Qu Burgu dy . A gr t hu t in a is o o se and Sifrit a en s a n g P rty pr p d, tt d , but l yi g aside his Arms and sto o pin g do wn to drin k at a e a en e s n ne a e W ll , H g thru t a Sp ear i to the vul r bl 34 a o f his a and s o m im . H is P rt B ck , urthere d h Wife Kriemhilte afterwards mar ri e d Etzel (Attil a ) and the b arbaro u s an d treachero u s R ev en ge she ’ to o k for her Husban d s D eath o ccupies all the lat ter a of the ibelun en e P rt N g Li d . The Edda an d V olsunga S aga tell the Tale some a d ffe en o m s . Br nhild r o wh t i r tly fr thi y , th ugh ma e to Gunnar r is in o e Si urdr an d rri d L v with g , ea s esse at his e e n her for n gr tly di tr d r j cti g Gudru , n s at as o f n n n e m o thi k l t Re ve ge . By co ti u d I p r t unities she at length prevails o n Gunn arr to con sent to the Murther o f Sigurdr in his B e d . Gunn ar r pro p o ses to H egni (Hagen e) to murthe r S i ur dr d a r s e r e g an ppro p iate the Trea ure . H gui ses and the ee is ass n e to a o a e fu , D d ig d Y uth c ll d u G tto rmr to p erp etrate . D mlt var at e ggia Facil e e rat instigare

n mo fer o cem . O bilgiarnan . A i Std]; till hiarta Pen etravit ad co r u sque ’

S ur i n s s Si ur d o . Hibr ig p. E i g R ép til he fn da Ten tavit vindictam H er - iarn sal B ellico sus in o g i , cubicul , O c eptir varp Atque in disce dentem misit

T elum an mo fer o cem . Obilgi6 rnom . ( ) i Flé til Go tto rm s V o lavit in corpus Guttormi Grams r amliga R egis valide Kyn - birt j arn Mire politum ferrum 35 e s man . Or ko nﬁ ngs he ndi . E r gi u

n a a es fo r she is o a n in her H us Gudru w k , ﬂ ti g

34 A d v . . Nib . xvi 35 u tha Paf . o s S a . 39 . Sigurdar Q i u xx . V l . g. c , x I N T R O D U C T I O N . liii C ’ an s o e ﬂaut i dre ra Si urdr a r e s the b d G r , ( y ) g tt ibut er to the es a of Br nhildr on so es his Murth D p ir y , c l

fe an d e es . Wi , xpir B r nhildr en a o ne e se ma n en y th d r d h r lf g iﬁc tly, s easu e to her en an s a a e in di tribute d Tr r Att d t , rr y d n n d e n n o n a o s e s a e a golden Byr ie a r cli i g B l t r, t bb d er se f a e d re on s as to the rn n o f her h l , g v i cti bu i g

Bo dy with that of Sigmun dr and expire d . Their

R emains w ere burne d o n the same Pyre . I here co n clude this Sketch o f the Legen d of perhaps the m os t ren o wne d of all H ero es o f Anti uit a mann has s o n the o a o f his q y. L ch h w Pr b bility a n een o n e a ea en G o d the s se en h vi g b c h th , by ub qu t Change s of Re ligion bro ught do wn at length to the n n L A n d o He ro Sifrit o f the Nibelu ge ied . th ugh his Name has almo st p eri she d fro m Memo ry in s o n et the e e o a ne him thi C u try, y D d which bt i d the urname of Fafnisbani has not . In s an S , Chri ti 36 Nurseries the slaying o f the Dragon has b een

ansfe re to . eo e o f n an who en tr r d St G rg E gl d, , wh s ffe n a om fo r the o s e in Nic ze a u ri g M rtyrd G p l , probably little tho ught of ev er having his B ro ws d e co rate d with the Cro wn of an old Te uto nic hea

en Go d . the Sifrit o f the e n en a th With Nib lu g , Edd , and V olsﬁ n a a a ere is n o a so me g S g , th I thi k pr b bly ea s o r a e so na e m e a e e r lly hi t ic l P r g ix d, but I h v b en quite unable to identify him : but no w that much

36 It fre quen tly o ccurs tha t the s lay ing o f a D rag on is a ttribute d to a Ch aracter who m ay witho ut F e ar be c on sid ere d a s s or a as fo r n s an e Ra n ar Lo dbro k o f hi t ic l , i t c , g , W ho s e his toric a l Exis t en c e the re w o uld seem to be but little D o o we e r we ma s re his mar e o s ubt , h v y di c dit v ll u Achie v e men s I n s e era ase s o f s n am n o t s re t . v l C thi ki d I u th at w e may no t ﬁ nd an his to ric al Expl anation fo r the Fe at by tran s fe rr n the S ene ereo f from the Lan t o the S e a an d i g c th d , s uppo sin g the Sl aughter o f the D ragon to be mer e ly the D e s truction o r C apture o f o ne o f th o se l arger Vesse ls c all e d b r N or ern n es D s y o u th A c tors ragon . T xliv I N T R O D U C I O N.

A n tte tion thro ugho ut Euro pe is turned to the Chron icle s o f the Middl e Age s it is po ssible that o e s ma be mo e o un th r y r f rt ate . With regard to the Ge ographical No tion s o f my o r a e en ea o r m in Auth , I h v d v u e d to i bo dy them a M I ap. n this it is pr obable I may have made s n Errours s the ea e ar u dry , which I tru t R d r will p d on in on s e a o n of the D iﬂi cul of identi , C id r ti ty f in a e s at s s an e of m The i n y g Pl c thi Di t c Ti e . pr ci al o es o n s e a e een . em e p Auth riti c ult d h v b Mr K bl , ’ ’ Ettmiille r s W o s Le o o r e s o es to the rk , , Th p N t ’ a e e s on in his o e on en s s Z e ss Tr v ll r S g C d x Ex i i , u , and the os s f n lf Or iu o Ki g ZE red . s a o a be e e e m ea e s e o e I h ll pr b bly xp ct d by y R d r , b f r lo s n s n o on to sa a few o s o n the c i g thi I tr ducti , y W rd

A e f the o em . h k l e g o P Dr . T or e in places it v ry ear a o the o r fo r n en es ly, b ut third u th C e tury, d i ’ the A utho ur s e n a s an an d ons e s as b i g Chri ti , c id r it man fa e in enmar . s o o n n u ctur d D k Thi N ti , I thi k , ma umm ea on sa s y be s arily discarde d . Dr . Wh t y it is pro b ably a Tran slation o r Rifacciamen to o f som e older Lay o rigin ally written in the antien t ” 37 n a is o n e on La guage o f D e nmark . Th t it f u d d a ona e en s e e can be n o o wh N ti l L g d th r D ubt, but y o n that Account it sh o uld be con side re d as a Ri facciamento o r an s a on o f an o e o am Tr l ti ld r W rk , I a s the A utho ur was a t a Lo s to disco ver . That s an is e en an d e e o e the o m s Chri ti vid t, th r f r w rk u t be sub se quen t to the A rrival o f the Missionaries o f the Ho ly See at the latter End of the Sixth Cen fo r the an a e is e n o - a on and tury , ( L gu g pur A gl S x , was c ertainly written in Englan d o r by an An glo a o n o f s o n and the a on s are of S x thi C u try), Tr diti n a e the same a on s or at heathe D t . But Tr diti , eas man of em e e n o n to an d are en l t y th , w r k w , giv as Histo ry by the Christian Write rs of the A nglo

37 N or thmen . 1 30. , p I N T R O D U C T I O N . xlv

a on o n e as e as the s an a n S x Chr icl , w ll by Chri ti L ti ’ e The B e é wulf s - La en a ea s to me Writ rs . y, th , pp r t o have as go o d a Claim to be con side re d an o ri Z ' ginal Wo rk in its Pre sent State as the r En e id o f

Virgil o r inde ed any Epic Po em in Existence . I co nceive then that the Autho r was a Chri stian o f s o n and m the e s o f ea n thi C u try, fro littl Bit Pr chi g a on e mee s e e e re and t e e an d his th t t with v ry h h r , e e en es to th o mes n ro R f r c e Sacre d V lu , I thi k it p A n d bable that he may have been an Ecclesiastic . fo r a the e f r of the o em is G eatic and th t chi He o P , the eo le an d o a am of en e e Geatic P p R y l f ily K t w r , it is hardly to be tho ught improbable that he may have A n d bee n attached to the C o urt o fthe Kentish Kings . so s o be n n e to o o fo r him amo n if , I h uld i cli d l k g ’

the o n s ne s an e . g o d Mo ks o f S . Augu ti C t rbury Leo an d Ettmiiller call o ur Po em an Heroic - Po em ” o f th Th s o a H i elac e Eighth C entury . e hi t ric l g whose D eath is chronicled between the Years 5 15 and 5 20 and who was succeede d by his so n Heard r ed and a er a s B eéwulf who e ne , ft w rd by , r ig d ﬁfty ea s a e o th o e o a a e Y r , P ri d which e P t w uld h rdly h v n o u e if in his me the ea o f H i elac i tr d c d, , Ti , D th g e e a e en t en seem to ma the o as w r r c Ev t , rk W rk certainly not earlier than the beginning o f the

se en en ur . A nd as Leo n e v th C t y if , I thi k v ry

m o a s o ses the e en o f . ene i pr b bly, upp , L g d St G vieve is the Ro o t o f the Sto ry of Sigmun d in the o em en m s be m a e as m n was P , th u t it uch l t r , Sig u d gone to ﬁght un der the Banners of Charles Martel a a ns the a a en s en he e his fe en g i t S r c , wh l ft Wi G e viev e (Sisile) in the Care o f G o lo (A rtvin o r H er m ann . s is so o n o n to h ) If thi , it w uld bri g it d w t e me of a ema n The an a e f Ti Ch rl g e . L gu g o the o em a a n o es n o t a ea to me to ff s P , g i , d pp r di er o m o m a of n fElfred o r of Ceadmo n uch fr th t Ki g , , as to warrant o ur placing a very lon g Interval be tween the Pro ductions but it appears to fo rbid our l T T x vi I N R O D U C I O N . c onsidering it as b elo nging to the later Danish n Dy asty o f Cnut . n s en on s e e 1 am n ne All thi g th c id r d, i cli d to be

e e . a the o em was o na n li v , I Th t P rigi lly writte in s o n e a s in the n om o f n thi C u try, p rh p Ki gd Ke t ;

2 . a its o was o o a. s an Th t Auth r with ut D ubt Chri ti , an d o a an es as o f so m n pr b bly Eccl i tic e Ki d ; 3 . That it was fo und e d on legen dary Tales brought hither the Géatic on e o s o f en o r e se so by C qu r r K t, l by me o f the Angle Races who co lo niz e d o ther Parts o f the s an 4 . a e on s to the se en r I l d ; Th t it b l g v th , o e o r at la es to the ea a o f the n n ighth , , t t, rly P rt i th C entury . n o w on e s n o on e e n a e I c clud thi I tr ducti , wh r i I h v e n ea o e as far as n easona e m s d v ur d, withi r bl Li it I m to en e the e sa o f the o em eas and ight , r d r P ru l P y easan to the ead e and b a a en n ese pl t R r , if y w k i g th o s o f the o n o s elo of mes o n e Ech l g l t M dy Ti g by, I ’ shall have in duce d any o ne to give a Mo ment s se rions Thought to the mighty Changes wro ught by me in its e e - o n - on a a ee as c on Ti v r r lli g w rd C r r, trasted the an e ess e e on o f E e n with ch g l P rf cti t r ity , then have I don e something to wards elevating at eas o n e n in the a e of e n and m me l t Mi d Sc l B i g, y Ti n a en e s n a d Lab o ur h ve be w ll pe t .

A M M ER S M ITH H , Fea st S t Ma tthias A ostle qf . , p ,

1 847 .

2 B E O W U L F .

e an d ea emse es o e Lif D th th lv b y , Who o r es and a e s a a Gl y giv t k w y, Vo uchsafed a high C omman d ; ’ s r o s was B e éwulf s ame Illu t i u N , ’ A nd widely spread the S cylding s Fame ’ o all the scatter n Thr ugh d La d . Thu s sh o uld a W arrio ur Chieftain bo ld ‘ Enhan ce by pruden t Gifts o f Gold ’ H is a e s n F th r Dig ity, a en a e -s en is his an Th t wh g trick H d , A n d W ar shall com e upon his Lan d A v olun tary warriour B an d ’ M o n im mar h ll ay r u d h s a d be . H e om his eo e s s a n wh P pl will u t i , In e e an s a on o a n v ry L d h ll H ur g i ,

By D e eds of Chivalry . at fa e m e e ar s But Scyld, t d Ti , d p t ' e to the o s e e rna es Rip , L rd t l R t, H is omr a es ea a n ea s C d d r with chi g H rt , Acco r din g to his last B ehest ’ e et he c wn the o we o f ee Whil y d P r Sp ch , h a Bare fo rth his C orp se upon t e B e ch . ’ A ring -prow d Ship there ready stoo d r e a e to em the o am n o o P p r d t pt f i g Fl d, The Car the n oble l o v e to ride

It sho n e like I ce up on the Tide . ’ Within the go o dly Ve ssel s H old

Their Mo narch dear th ey cast . 4 s e of n s of o Di tribut r Ri g G ld , th The mighty by e Mast . A n d there w ere G ems and Treasure fair n Fro m dista t Climes colle cte d there . A n d never did I hear M an say o me e e Of c li r Ship , b dight ’ ee s of W ar fo r Ba e s a With W d ttl Fr y, ea s and rn es e With d dly Bill By i gr y , n n o f h A d Weapo s t e Fight. Rich Treasure in abundant H eap 3 I N T R O D U C T O R Y C A N T O .

n his o so m la Upo B y, Into Po ssessiori o f the D eep

With him to pass away . They wo uld n ot sen d their Chief away M niﬁ cence an e With l ess ag th th y, Who sen him o r of o e t f th y r , ’ T o wan der o er the Ocean wild A lo nely and deserted Child . ’ They high ab o v e his He ad unr oll d ’ e n anner s n s of o A ﬂutt ri g B Wi g G ld , r A nd hear him let the “aters o c ld, ’ im r T o Ocean gave h o e . H is a an Ban o f ee e e lo w g ll t d ch r w r , A nd so re s e di pirit d , Fo r so o to sa n o o a o , th y, M rt l , th ugh H e se ma be can e e n o w wi y , v r k , No r an swer ho w o r whereunt o 5 The pretio us C argo spe d .

CANTO I .

’ H EN o er the S cylding Cities gain d [ 1 05 ] ’ B e6 wulf e an d o n he r ei n d Rul , l g g , H is e a an en ef o f o r h ( Sir , th t ti t Chi W t ” ’ H ad pass d el sewher e fro m o ff the Earth ' fro m him a He alf- ene o se Till h ughty d r , ’ An d while he life r etain d " A e and ea f to his o es g d dr d ul f , h i ’ Full j oyo usly e r e gn d .

’ ’ A t length un to him n umb er ed o er 1 ‘ wo e o n a his en o A k E rth Childr f ur, ea e s o f o s s H e oro a ar L d r H t , g , H réth- an d a a o o in war gar H lg g d , ’ A nd a s a n o er the e L dy El , Tid ‘ ' ” ’ 3 t i ass d ear the S c lﬁ n S p , I h d , y g Bride . ’ Then was v o uchsafe d to H r6 thgar s Sway Success full high i n Battle -fray 4 B E O W U L F .

“ A n d ma a ono s a e rti l H ur br v , S o that his Kin smen to his Sway ee e en e a e A fr Ob di c g v , A nd thus their n o ble Yo uth into m r w A ighty kindred N ation g e . It cam e into his prin cely Min d ' T o raise a Palace fair - d esign d an e - a o f a e A B qu t h ll St t , Such as the Children o f Mankin d e e e e r a e Might v r c l b t , A n d e e s en se to all his an th r di p B d, o o n an d old his o n an B th y u g , B u ty gr d , ’ Wh ate ve r the All-mighty s Han d ’ H ad n o him assi n d u t g , f d Exc ept the Right o O d els lan 4 A n d Live s of human Kind 5 en as ear o far an d Wi e Th , I h d, b th d This mighty Wo r k wa s n o tiﬁe d he ar the r e s amon Thro ughout t E th T ib g ,

The ado rning o f this C a stle stron g. 6 In time it came to pass at last That this o f Palaces mo st va st W s to o m e o n o a C pl ti br ught , A n d the great Monarch who se B eh est ’ B oth far and wide high Po we r po ssess d 7 Yclept it H eo ro t. ’ No r fail d he o f his o a e W rd, but g v T h o s n s an d eas r es a e e c tly Ri g Tr u br v ,

‘ 4 At B anquet as he sate o f an d a e d o se his o e s L ty v ult r T w r , ’ But l o athly Flame s malignan t Po wers

H is Palace did await . N o r w as it l o ngsome Season e re The Hero b ade the Oaths to sw ear ; But afterwards thro ugh deadly Hate 8 H is Po wer was destine d to ab ate .

r ea .the n em an d fe Fo dr d E y ll , A en a i e Fi d th t did n Darkn ss dwell; C A N T O I .

’ A n d ill he bro o k d in that fair Hall The daily Vo ice o f Fe stival ’ There was the Harp s m elo dious Swell ’ n of a e learn d t o e To S o g B rd, w ll t ll ’ M an s ﬁrst O riginal and Birth ’ W ho said the Almighty made the Earth ’ The bright -fac d wave - incir cle d Plain} ’ H o w m n in o r s e n , triu phi g Vict y R ig , H set the Sun an d M o on so r e b ight, The e e s o n the ar to Dw ll r E th light, ’ H o w H e ad o rn d the barre n G ro un d ’ uick nin e r e all ar o n With q g V rdu u d, A nd made all living Natur e r ife

W ith the dark Energy o f Life . s a an the o m ra e s far e Thu g ll tly C d d, o n e o t s ar an d fe Till b h t k ll , a ee s to e e a e e are D rk D d p rp tr t pr p d, A ghastly Fo e fr om Hell : A n d Gren del hight that demon gaunt ; The a e s er e his on e a n M rch w l ly H u t , ’ The Mo o r an d Fen an d Fastness Height H his e h eld subj ecte d to Might . 10 The Dwellin gs o f the D em on -kin ’ o n had he een d o om d to a Full l g b gu rd, ’ Sith ﬁrst o f old c on demn d fo r Sin h ’ By t e Creato ur s ju st Award . ’ 1 1 Th etern al L o r d o n R ace of Cain A v en e the e a o f e s a n g d D th Ab l l i , Fo r little was he please d to see a ee o f sa a e nm Th t D d lv g E ity , ’ ’ But fo r his C rime th Cr eato r s B an - ra e him r m the n s f M Out d v f o Hau t o an . er e rom ar o se the on s er e Th f M t Cr w , 1 2 6 en s es r s and G ants to o E t , Elv , O k , y ’ A nd o n a ns G O D a W ar e ma e l g g i t th y d , H e e e o e en th r f r V geance due rep aid . 6 B E O W U L F .

CANTO II . [ 229 ] ’ en the en en o ercast ORTH w t Fi d , wh Night , ’ T o s H r6 th - ar s a a e a vi it g P l c f ir, A nd no e ho w the an e as tic , B qu t p t , ’ Th n - main ain em e e e Hri g D ane Yo uth t d th th r , e e in the a l the efs aro n Th r H l Chi u d, ’ The an e o er as ee he o n B qu t , l p f u d ; ’ No r W o e n or ar ear ts o ress d C e th eir H pp , No r evil Passion s in the Breast

They knew n ot aught of Pains . 1 The on s e r m and ee too M t r, g i gr dy , o on ea e an d r o s s e S r dy , f ll fu i u , l w

e s ee n r an es . Whil l pi g , thi ty Th en o me a o n in his e Th h w rd, gl ryi g Pr y, ’ a n th l u hter d o ms a a Dr ggi g e s a g F r w y ,

H is dismal Dwelli ng gain s . en in the o n en D a e an Th M r , wh y b g ’ 2 Was rendel s e r ea e to man G D e d ev l d , A nd a e east o s a n ft r F r e W ili g high , Fo r e w the m o n n Cr bitt r as r i g y, The r n e e s o o the m n P i c r t g d, ighty Ki g, Sat wo e - e on e and so o n b g rr wi g, The Thane was grie ve d when saw the Ho st

The Step s o f the malignant Gho st . a e was a as !to o s o n Th t Struggl , l tr g n T o o l o athso me an d withall to o lo g . No r was e o n e e e th re l g r qui tud , en o ne was as But wh Night p t, H is o f rd e he en e e C urse o Mu r r w d , ’ Fo r Naught he reck d of C rime o r Feud 4 I n that he was to o fast . 5 A n d then was easy to be fo un d A Bed among the B o wers ro un d Far m o re commo dio usly to sle ep Th an there where bidden Watch to k eep.

8 B E O W U L F.

ea - o en and s on sola H rt br k di c te , The m o ne in o n sa e ighty C u cil t , e e e an o s e e Th y urg d th ir xi u R d , ’ H o w it wer e best gainst crafty Hate Fo r er o es to o e H pr c ed . At Times indee d they w o uld o rdain The so e mn e e o f the an e l S rvic F , 8 A n d to the r - s a er Spi it l y , e in the W o e o n H lp public t gai , o a se e n s a W uld r i th ir ear e t Pr ye r . ’ was the hea en s o e an d o se Such th H p C ur , ’ Who e in n ad o r d H ll Mi d , No r wist o f Judge who giv es the Meed e e o o and e e e Of v ry g d vil D d , e n e n ot Go d the o Th y k w L rd, ’ N or ho w the ea en s o e o h v Pr t ct r high ,

- The o n to ma n . Gl ry ki g, g ify W o e be to him wh o se Malice dire ’ o s n o th Imbrace o f re

W uld thru t i t Fi Q The o ere o c an o e n s e S ul, wh N ught H p i pir Of C o mfo rt in its W o e ’ ’ But bless d who after D eath s dread D ay T o see k the Lor d dep arts away 9 A n d in the Father - b o som m ay ’ Heaven s Peace eternal kno w .

C ANTO III.

’ HUS th en did H ealfden e s v aliant Heir 1 ’ o n n e r ef o ress d S eeth with c ti u d G i pp , ’ No r co uld the pruden t Hero s Care o he e as a n e s Av id t d v t ti g P t, a th r e was to o s on For th t e St uggl tr g, a an d a to o o n T o o lo thly with l l g, The Pe o ple that so s o re b e st e d m an d en ean e ea With Malice gri V g c dr d, Of nightly Woe s mo st drear C A N T O I I I .

’ om his o me H i elac s Till , fr H , did g ’ ’ ane mon s the e a s ren o wn d th a s Th , g t G t , Att ck ’ r O f Grendel s Fury hea . s o f all an n was he Mightie t M ki d , o e an d o f n N bl , full Dig ity , ’ 3 I n s e s a fa thi Lif D ylight ir, " Fo rth - with a Traveller of the sea H e bade his Men prep are Athwart the Path of Swans pro fo un d H e sa he wo o ee id uld pr c d, ’ A n d see the War - n r n e r eno wn d k ki g, P i c M d e Sith he o f en ha n ed. ’ The en o e o e him d eem d prud t , th ugh th y l v d , ’ o me n is the o ne seem d S what u w e J ur y , ’ Sharpen d their Min ds with p re viou s Tho ught

A n d anxio usly an Omen so ught . The go o d Chief fro m the G e atic Lan d H ad o sen o ut a a an an ch v li t B d, m h ﬁ n d mo s een Who e co uld t k , A n d to his Ocean -wo o d he went E sco rted by an Armament

O f gallan t Yo uth s ﬁfte en . ’ me ass d the was o n the a e Ti p , Ship W v , ’ Th he o n a n s o e B o at bene ath t M u t i Br w , A nd ready were the W ar r io ur s b rave ’ A n d stepp d up on the Pro w . Anon they sen t the Waters the re ’ 5 S ea r n o r the an whi li g e S d, The M en their ready W ar - sears fair ’ Into the Vessel s B o som b ear o e o ff the o n - o o and e a Sh v B u d w d, r p ir O n perilo us C ampain to far e w A willing arrio ur B an d . ’ en fo am -neck d r ss the des Th y ac o Ti , ’ D riv n b the n the e sse es y Wi d , V l glid , A s VV ater -fo w o e l d th rid , A n d fo r an o r th se on D a H u , e c d y, ’ The ea e o ha sail d a wr th d Pr w d a , C 10 B E O W U L F .

When Lan d the Wan derers spi ed e saw the S ea - ffs s en r Th y cli gli t b ight , ’ A nd the s ee o n a n s t p M u t i dizzy height, A n d o ean e sse s e c N wid , A n d n o w the Sea is safely p ast e r o i a n n Th i T il s t a E d at last . 6 With o ut del ay the W eder Ban d ’ ’ D ebark d an d ste d u on the an , pp p L d , A n d e e e sse s e ti d th ir V l ur , 7 e o r e r ar s e r W ar - ee s Dr w f th th i S k , th i w d brave , ’ ’ A n d G o d they than k d that o er the Wave e r o se had e en se r e Th i C ur b cu , o on ro m the a the S c ldin a d S f W ll y g W r , o se was the ffs to uar Wh duty Cli g d, B eheld them from the Vessel draw r e s an d n s r m en s o f W ar B ight Shi ld , I t u t , 8 H is Curio sity brake thro ugh I n po n derings o f his Min d to view ’ a M en e e en m be Wh t th y ight , Therefo re o n h o rseb ack r o de he to

The Margin o f the S ea . ’ The Than e o f H r 6th- gar bran dish d in on an s his m a e n Str g H d , ighty J v li A n d thu s in Wo r ds he spak e Who are e a in r mo r y , th t, A u dight, A n d ar e rn es r gu de d w ll with By i b ight, Yo ur fo aming Keel have hither led ar the o m an d a e se Athw t H l , tr v r d 3 9 The Passage o f the Lake 1 as the o er - a en ee I , B rd w rd , k p n th ean ee My Watch up o e Oc d p , Le st with a pirate B an d S om e o f the F o emen to our State ou arr rob an d e e a e Sh ld h y, , d pr d t ,

Up o n the D an ish Lan d . ’ Yet n e e r did shielded W arrio urs here e o en e o re a ea Mo r p ly b f pp r , The Pass-wo rd of our warlike Crew 1 1 C A N T O I I I .

n n n and e s to n re due . U k ow , Rit Ki d d ’ Thr ougho ut the Earth I n e e r did see ’ Mo ngst Earls; a Chie f in Pano ply O f no ble r Fo rm to view f o u a ear s an d he Than one o y pp , n e en I n Arms must no t u fr qu tly, ’ Unless his C o unte nan ce s grace ” e e him and his m atchlesi a e B li , F c ,

High D ee d s of Wor ship d o . ’ N w ere o e r the an s an o I , D i h L d o m e n e o u fa e o Fr h c y rth r g , in ra o an Like leasin g Spie s t it r B d,

Yo ur Origin must kn o w . No w s f a far Co untr e Dwelle r o y, ’ Ye an er er s o e r the m Sea , W d ighty , s m e no My i ple Tho ught y k w , 11 A nd ee e e se s w en e ma Sp d w r wi t , h c y

Yo ur C o rnin g he re to shew .

A C NTO IV.

’ H E B an d s chief C aptain in Re ply ’ ’ l Unlo ck d his ee s re as r Sp ch T u y , ome - ane s o f H i e lac are we H th g , Ge atic a e and e ree Of R c P dig , e o m a o n s e n o w My Sir , wh N ti w ll did k A s n o e r n e - theéw bl P i c , hight Ecg , ’ A nd man y Winte rs o er him ﬂe d Ere o n his W a f o m a he s e y r E rth p d , ! Through Earth the wis e amo ng Man kind w hi Can ell s Memo r y call to Min d . A n d we w fa e a s th o r , ith ithful H rt , y L d , ’ ’ H ealfden e s ea S on the eo e s a r gr t , P pl Gu d, T o s e r om e -d o o vi it hith c , th u T o us r o o s p piti u C o un sel sho w. W e to the mighty D anish King A n an o f h m o Err d hig I p rt bring, 12 W’ B E O U L F.

No r o e en e a n , if right H p I t rt i , e e s a o n A S cr t h ll it l g remain . Fo r so o we a e ear e and o , th , h v h d t ll , ( th u ans sa r e the a e 1 o C t y if t u T l tr w,) ome en wo t n ot wh S Fi d, I o , The se e Fo e of a o r cr t V l ur b ight , o in the a n ess of the D th , D rk Night , 2 I n o m of Terro ur s ar a ear f r t k pp , A n d n o a e ea an d e e u c uth M lic , D th , D r , on the c ldin d Up S y gs o . 3 N o w o nse ea an d o I , with C u l gr t b ld, T o H r 6th - w o m e e nfo gar uld y R d u ld, H o w se an d o o his emo n , wi g d, d Foe H e ma a a to o v er o y v il thr w , ’ If e er he s a e an d o f his a n c p , p i 4 The s e on a n bu y R tributi g i , A n d thu s his whelming Wo e shall fain e a its o n o e s R l x b ili g p w r , e se the n o e ef m s e n Or l bl Chi u t r ig , A ro o s me in a o n a n t ubl u Ti , h rr wi g P i , While o n High -stead the re shall remain

The b est of R oyal To wers . him the ar e e e To W d r quick r pli d, M an o f ear un terriﬁ ed A H t , A s o n his H o r se he sate e the s e e Man o f m Full w ll hi ld d ight , 5 w ho has ea n e to n a H e l r d thi k right, ’ Twixt Wo rds an d Dee ds by Judgement s Light

H a d n ee d discriminate . No w that I h ear an d un derstan d or is a fa an Yo ur C oh t ithful B d, T o S c ldin r n e a e y g P i c lli d , ’ ro ee un hin der d fo r to ea P c d , , th b r

ms and e e s- of. battle fa Yo ur Ar W d ir,

A n d I will be yo ur guide . My C o mrades to o I will comman d o n the an T o guar d y u r Vessel o S d , ’ ew- itch d a om o emen an Yo ur n p B rk , fr f B d 13 C A N T O I V .

’

Whoe er e be se e . th y , cur ’ ’ 6 h -neck d o o a a the a n Till t wreath W d , thw rt M i , o e men s a hear o u a a a n L v d , h ll y b ck g i V Un to the V eder Shore . ’ Such H ero e s be it giv n unto ’ The ee s o f a e s - s to d o D d B ttl ru h , n Unscath ed by Wo u d o r S o re . When motionless at An cho r sto o d ’ The o o -bo som d esse o o h ll w V l g d, ’ e e en ea the a e s o S cur b th C bl h ld, f h W r r s Pro ceeded o rth t e a rio u b old . Defen ces on their Cheek s they w o re o the ma e of the o a Wr ught with I g B r, I n s e o and een ma e ar twi t d G ld , Sh , d h d ’ 7 I n e the e s efen e to ar . Fir , Lif D c gu d sa a e n an d m in as e With lv g Mi d, gri , H t ’ The Men o e e o n war ae d t g th r d w d p , e the ans on s an e e o Till th y M i tr g b h ld , ’ e n s e an d adorn d o W ll fur i h d, with G ld, ’ ’ a a es n ea ea en s Ra Of P l c th H v y, The e e s of the a efo e Dw ll r E rth b r , o s famo s ere the on a la M t u , wh M rch y, ’ Whose Light shone many C o un tri es o er . 8 ’ The B east -of- war the pro ud o n e s co urt T o em a n s o th did pl i ly h w , S o that th ey might unto the Fo rt mm e I diately go . ’ O ne o f the W ar rio urs r his ee tu u d St d , ’ A nd said : Tis time I sho uld r ece de ’ Yo u may th All -mighty Fathe r keep afe in o an er o s o rse S y ur d g u C u , N eath H is pro te ction - to the D eep m s a a m a to e e I u t w y, y Gu rd k p ’ a ns an o G i t y ho stile F rce . B E O W U L F .

C ANTO V .

HE Street with shining Sto ne bespread [6 37 ] The men e o s th ir C ur e together led . ’ 1 an -lo ck d an d ar s o n e rn es H d h d h By i bright, 2 an o n n s in H awbe r k r e S g ir Ri g g y, 3 A s in e r ress - of- terro ur , th i D dight, O n to the a e m a e r H ll th y d thei W ay . Their Buckle r s br o ad with Margi n stron g ’ The w eary Seamen rang d alo n g The Wa in e r ll Ord r b ight , A n d o e em o n the en es o n b w d th B ch r u d , 4 i e e n e H awberk s o arse so n Wh l th ir ri g d h ly u d, ’ h - - T e He ro e s W eeds of ﬁ ght . e an es e o e e s o o Th ir L c pil d t g th r t d , ’ The seamen s ms o f as en W o o Ar , h d ’ 5 e ti d a o e the ron ea Gr y pp b v , i Thr t Was o n the ea on s se bright up W p t . ’ So on ask d the S o n s- o fbattle th en ‘ ’ 6 e o r o f th v a an M e n : A H r p ud, o li t en e n e so S e s awa Wh c bri g y lid hi ld y, A nd e me s r m an d H awbe rk s re H l t g i , g y , A nd ea o f s ea s P a e a n Sh f p r I pr y xpl i , ’ I H r6 th - gar s Herald am an d Than e A n d Strangers h ave I n ev er seen " S o m n f s n o e en a y o o bl Mi . ’ Fo r o r t is n er ake gl y , I u d t , ’ Not e fo r a o r s s a e Exil , but V l u k , ’ - Y e H r6 th gar s Dwelling se e k . T e e er ef a n o an d ra e h W d Chi t i pr ud b v , ’ 7 n ea his e m s n swe a e Hard th H l , thi A r g v 8 A n d thus his Wo r d did speak . ’ My N ame s B e6 - wulf Bo ar d - thane s we

Unt o the Ge atic Mon ar ch be . ’ A nd I w ould e en my me ssag e brin g n o th o the m n U t y L rd , ighty Ki g , ’ —n s s o s S o n he H ealf de e illu tri u , if

1 6 E B O W U L F .

C ANTO VI .

- the S c ldin e e n ROTH GAR y g Chi f b ga , e as a n ew the Man W ll Child I k , E c -theéw his s e to w om the g ir , h brave H rethel his o nly D aughter gave A n d e e a om e his O ff-s r n o h r h th c p i g b ld , A faithful Frien d ha th so ught ; Fo r Geatic ar n er s a o M i h th t ld, Who e re sen s ro hith r P t b ught , ’ 1 H is s n e A rm r eno wn d in i gl , Fight, ’ o e r W arrio ur M D th wi ld full thi ty s ight . ’ A n d him for H on o ur s high Intent The o G o d a h er sen h ly h t hith t , — T o We stern D an es I there fo re ho pe ’ Grendel s Terro ur s e to o e With w ll c p , With Treasure s fair the go o d Chief I a e on for his a an r Sh ll gu rd G ll t y , as e em en e see e be H t bid th t r , th y e e e o e e o o s R c iv d t g th r j y u ly, A n d also tell the frien dly Ban d ’ m o h They re welco e t t e D ani sh land . 2 Wulfar e n n s o o [ r tur i g] thu br ught W rd , My ro yal and victo rio us Lo rd ’ The East -D ane Chief hath bid n me tell H e no s o a e an d nea e e k w y ur R c Li g w ll , ’ ’ 3 A n d o er the Ocean s whelming W av e 4 A s M en o f C o un sels high an d brave s H e bid you welcome h ere . en o m a es e ma fo rwar n o w Th , C r d , y y d In a e and e m o n o M il b dight, H l Br w, B efore him to appear ea e o u e s an d an es to o But l v y r Shi ld L c , A nd ek e o o s ea e y ur Arr w d dly tru , The en ding of yo ur Intervi ew ” T o bide in S afety here . C A N T O VI .

Upro se the mighty Chieftain go o d A nd many a Than e aro un d him stoo d ’ an an arra d A gall t B d y , ’ me ema n e n and e e While so r i d b hi d , th r The warlike Armo ur held in care ’ E en as the Hero bade . n n in as e the W arrio urs s e The o H t p d, V Wa the a an V ulf- led Which y g ll t gar , ’ ’ ea H eoro t s e ens e r N th xt iv A ch , o n the a s was his ar Till D i M ch , ’ ’ M n ea olish d en a e ighty th p Av t yl , ’ A nd on him leam d his ar o f Ma g S k il, The cunnin g Wo rk of Iro n n et a o f m o e e set By Cr ft S ith t g th r , A s thus yspo ke the Geatic Than e T o H r 6th- ar a !the o a an e g h il r y l D , H i elac ha o na Of g , t t M rch high , The n sman and the T ane am Ki h I, A n d in my earlier Yo uth hav e wr o ught man ee s o r a Full y D d with Gl y fr ught, ’ A nd I hav e learn d in Father - lan d ’ The a a e o b Gren del R v g wr ught y s H and . ’ Fo r T rav llers say this No ble hall T he s a e es of e n s all t t li t Dw lli g , So on as the evening Light has been on ea e enea the ea en se ene C c l d b th H v r , I s left to Emptiness consign e d se ess n to all an n A u l Thi g M ki d, ’ o n men en call d o n me My C u try th , M en r en an d of e ree p ud t high D g , T o ee n !to o th , 0 Ki g g ; For e a e o en n own m t th y h v ft k y Migh , Seen me returnin g from the Fight ’ B estain d with Blo o d o f Fo e For ﬁ ve o f em o n fu th I b u d ll tight , ’ A n d uell d the E o ten an q Cl , A nd o n the Wav es of Ocean b right s e the e s of the I l w Nick r Night, D 18 B E O W U L F . 5 na o - s r n A rr w ri k I a . The W eder s e did r e e F ud I quit , e so e — e es e Th y ught th ir Ill , with dir D pit I gro un d them in the Fray ; ’ A n d n o w a a n s o Gr en del s g i t f ul Might , a n s a o n s er e the Ag i t th t M t vil , Fight lo n A e I wo uld essay . n e o f S c ldin s o o f an es High Pri c . y g , L rd D , O ne o on av e to a e o f ee B h I cr v th , ee o r o f m en efen e o f an es Fr L d , D c Th , en n ot m e e s to me D y y R qu t , No w so far a e o t I h v g , o ne e se m ar s a Al with th y E l , th t I , m s e o - om an A id thi H r c p y, M ay lu strate H eor o t . I hear the Mo n st er do th n ot feel O n his wan e the n o f e el Hid Di t St , e efo r e so ma m o o o I th r , ( y y g d L rd B e en e - m n e me o ar g tl i d d t w d ,) ’ o re o the W arrio ur s wo to ra F g S rd d w , A n d r o a e e o O rb o f ‘V ar b d Shi ld y ll w , To grasp the Fien d in deadly Str ife f 6 A n d Fo e to Fo e conten d fo r Li e . A n d thu s in dire Su sp en se mu st he ’ a the o s s r eme e e e Aw it L rd up D cr , Whichever D eath shall take If he e a and s o a pr v il I h uld f ll , Of Ge atic Blo o d within the Hall ’ ea s een e ma e A F t I w h ll k , A s o ft the M o n ste r did withall ’ ’ r h When th H rethm en s Po we e brak e . o n e n t m e m to e Th u e de st o y H l hid ,

- - B ut he will h ave m e blo o d be died . ear o r m or se s ou a B f th y C p , if I h ld f ll ’ A n d an W arrio ur s r a gr t a Bu i l , A n d let the l o n ely Trav elle r n mo rn n eat an d s e e U u i g , A nd the Fen - barro w register] 19 C A N T O V I .

Ye nee d no t make m o re lasting Stir

- Fo r Like w ake unto me . u sa e a But sen d I pray yo f ly b ck , 8 e me t o H i elac If War tak , g - s m eas The B attl e shro ud that guard y Br t, r eo ns the es Of all Habe g b t , ’ ’ wa H raedla s e a T s L g cy , ’ 9 A nd Welan d s Wo rk that iro n Ve st . ” What Fate de crees mu st be .

C A NTO V I I. [ 9 06 ] - e e the Sc ldin n e ROTH GAR r pli d, y g Pri c ; n o e r en fo r o ur e en e My bl F i d, D f c ’ s ee k st o ur n A n d Aid tho u La d . The mightie st o f Fe uds o f o ld Was en e a e o d d by thy F th r b ld, Am o ngst the W ylﬁ ng B an d 1 en H ea tho -laf om a e n a e Wh , wh J v li R c ’ n e e fo r a e - terro ur s a e Might r B ttl f c ,

’ ' l hi s a e r Fel neath s l ught i ng H and . Then Env o y to the S c ylding C o urt ’ The o - an e s o er the a es he sou S uth D W v ght , ’ When o er the D anish He ritage ’ 2 A n d e o e s eas e—o n H r Tr ur t w , m a in ear A e (A ighty Sw y ly g ,) ’ I ﬁrst assum d the Cro wn . ’ e e o e had as s d awa My ld r Br th r p y , ’ Great H ealfden e s S o n H e o ro -gar ’ No mo re enj oy d the Light o f D ay e e an was he far B tt r th I by , ’ Fo r ol a eas d the W ar I with G d pp , ’ A nd sen n o the W lﬁ n s o er t u t y g , 3 The a o f m S ea B ck ighty , — My an tien t Treasure s Then he swo re T he a O ths of Peace to m e . woe is me n m n But , withi y Mi d , 20 B E O W U L F .

T o tell to any o f Man kind What so re R epr o ach and sudden Hurt Gren del in H eo ro t hath wro ught his es ns o f I re By D ig , ’ a s e 5 ar m W ar- a a My C tl Gu d , y rr y, ’ H as wan d as s e a e a a , w pt by F t w y, ’ In en e s orro s Gr d l H r dire . ( Ye t Go d the ragin g R epro b ate 4 ro m all his me s o se a a e F Cri c uld p r t , ) 5 The o n s - o f-war e a e eer S , l t with B , ’ o er the A le - o s a e ma e Oft cup V w h v d , I n a Terrour s of the ea H ll , with S r , ’ T o e the a of rend l a bid Wr th G e s R id . ’ Then when D ay dawu d at Mo rning -tide

The an e - r o o m wa s o o - be- e B qu t bl d di d ,

A n d the o e e a - a en and o o wh l M d h ll , B ch Fl r, 6 n - R ee king with Bl o o d a d swo rd sh e d Go re . A n d my dear faithful Yo uths w ere l eft f m h M o re ew by tho se wh o D eath ad reft . No w sit ee o n an d eat m r en th d w , , y F i d, mon m W arriours e A g y tru , An d as thy Min d shall C o un sel len d ” o o s e e o m d o With j y u Fr d . Then fo r the v aliant B and o f G e ats ’ e e clear d the an e ea s W r quickly b qu t S t , A n d o and r en a an d ee b ld f i dly , g y fr

They sat them do wn fo r Re velry . The Than e who se Offi ce was to bear Th s o rn er o rme his a e e twi ted H p f d C r , ’ w h ur d a s ar e a S eet Mead e po th t p kl d f ir, The while the Po et sun g ’ Seren e in H e oro t s fair Hall r se the e o es e s a A o H r F tiv l , n n o t a e o m withall A d littl P p , n The G e ats an d D anes amo g . CANTO V III .

’ au H unfer th - s S o n UT h ghty , Ecg laf ’ W ho sat at r o y a H r 6th- a s ee l g r F t, 1 To n o r s o f t e e n bi d up W d S rif b gu , a r ss h n o A nd to dd e t e ble Geat . ’ The pro ud S ea- farer s Enterprize W as a vast Grie van ce in his Eye s Fo r ill co uld bear that j ealo u s Man That any o ther gallant Than e ’ O n a enea the ea en s an E rth , b th H v Sp , o r s i e o n his o wn s o W h p b y d h uld gain . ” ’ o B e6 - f t en he c r d Art th u wul , h y , With Brecca o n the Ocean wide a s in mm n er s on en Th t did t Swi i g t c t d, e e e e o re the o s fo r r e Wh r y xpl d F rd P id , ’ A nd risk d yo ur Liv e s up on the Tide ’ All for vain Glo ry s empty En d P A nd no Man e e Fo e o r r en , wh th r F i d ,

Yo ur sorry Match can r epreh end . ’ ’ O er eas e owe o r m s o er s re S y r d , y u Ar p ad ? The a es an d S ea - a s m eas re W v , p th u d , The a e o r an s did r e Spr y y with y u H d u g , ’ h ’ A nd glide d o e r t e Ocean s Surge . ’ ’ The Wave s with Winte r s Fury boil d ’ e on the a er ea m e to il d Whil w t y R l y , s se en s e e o Thu v Night w r t ld , ee at as he o er ame Till th l t v c , n in The stro ger the n o ble Game . Then him at M o rn the billo wy Streams In m ar e to e tho - r m s Triu ph b H a aé e . rom en e he so his a e r a n F wh c ught F th l d , ’ A n d his o wn B ro ndin s fa f an g ith ul B d, ’ here o er the o he e omman W F lk h ld C d,

n s an d o . A City, Ri g , G ld H is Pr omise well and faithfully 22 B E O W U L F .

’ B ean sté n s S o n er o m to ee Did p f r th , ’ A n d een o ro v d ill I w , th ugh p thy Might I n ns a e an d ea O l ught dir d dly Fight , o e e o s Twill g with th , if th u thi Night ’ a s a fo r r en D r t w it G del b o ld .

B e6 - s a e r en fee wulf p k ; My F i d, I l o o A le a m a e a n to r ee G d h th d thy Br i l , ’ S o on o o s o f B recc a s e l g th u d t t ll , S o lo ng upo n his Jo urn ey dwell ; e l ee so o n o o e I t l th th , th r Wight ’ Can be com ar d me p with , For a o s o n the a e s an d L b ur W v , Might h m Up on t e sto r y S ea . he and in ear o But I ly Y uth , H ad each to o ther plighte d Tr oth ’ e s to s o n ean s o o Our Liv ri k Oc Fl d , A n d s we ma e o ur r o m se o o thu d P i g d, O ur na e o r s in an had we k d Sw d h d , a me we r o e on the S e a Wh t ti w d up , 3 n h efen e to Agai st t e Whale D c bide . Away fr o m me he co uld n ot glide ’ ’ o e sw o er the ean s o w M r iftly Oc Fl , A nd far from him I wo uld n o t g o e s we s er e as Fiv Night thu w c t, n o ms an d d ar n Till chilli g St r kli g Night , A n d o o s and n f om n o r ern e Fl d , Wi d r th Sit , ’ ’ irr d u the o n o en s St p b ili g T rr t Might, ’ A n d sun der d us at as l t, ’ ’ the ea s mad o Fiercely S Bill w s ray d , ’ ’ r S a - m n s e s r w s chaf d The da k e o t r P ide a , ’ 4 en a an d an -lo ck d m ma Th , h rd h d , did y il Fo r e a a n s m oe s a a H lp g i t y F v il , My interwo v en battle Ve st in o on m Lay w rought G ld up y Breast . ’ The many - c olour d Fo e did m e Drag to the B o tto m o f the S ea in his r m m a e om es Fast g i E br c c pr t, ’ But there twas granted me the Pest

24 B E O WTJL F‘ .

oo o n o r s o n san o e Fl d, b ili g F d , dy Sh r , ’ Such D ee ds o f Arms I n e er hav e h eard 6 n e o r T errours o f the o r Ofthi , Sw d, ’ ’ No r e er B recca s did Might, Nor any o ne among yo u all S o dearly W o rship win withall o o o r in F By bl dy Sw d ight, s ea n o t s in o as fu on e I p k thi b t l T , o o e en ea ne o wn Th ugh th u thy br thr , y thi o s n ea o f Kin s s a M t r did t l y, ’ F or which in Hell s eternal Lair ’ amn a on s ses o s a ea D ti Cur th u h lt b r, 7 B e a m a thy Wit wh t it y, ’ A nd e e e ee - af s S o n h r I t ll th , Ecg l , ’ The fo ul Wretch Gren del ne er had done o the a e an d e e Thy L rd Sc th D r , a n o w in H eo ro t is se en Th t , H ad but thy craven Spirit been a o o s ma e a Wh t th u w uld t k ppear . But he has learne d to ho ld in slight ’ o eo e s e an d ea Y ur p pl F ud , f rful Might, ’ The S c ldin s o an s y g vict r B d , ’ To fo e th n n e e and a e rc u willi g Pl dg , d r T o war at n o r an e to s are Will , D p , 8 T o to s ee in ea an d s a put l p D th, l y , No r ev er we en s hero ic Fray r - n an T o mee t at Ga D a e H ds . B ut a e a him s a o I, G t, with h ll h ld ’ unlo o k d fo r s e rn an d o d A Fight , t , b l , ’ A n d w en n e D a in o rn n s h xt y M i g Light , ’ The sun the ea en s ar an H v Gu di bright , ’ O er on s of men e o S b l w, omes s n n o h so ern Ra C hi i g f rt with uth v, Then ju stly pro ud le t him who may ” n h - o U to t e Mead b o wl g . H oa and o the eas e - e ry b ld , tr ur Chi f, t Jo an a e s e ef Wi h y ticip t R li , The b n e o f the anes right Pri c D , 25 C A N T O I X .

’ The Peo ple s Shepherd with D elight e the a an Ge atic n Lists, whil v li t K ight a n H is high Resolve expl i s . ’ The Hero es Laugh ro se lo ud an d clear With vvin so me Wo rds an d fair to he ar o r o A n d Mirth an d J y es und . ’ e Wal- e6 w rea H r6 th- s en Whil th , g t gar Que ’ n o adorn d in o en een W e t f rth g ld Sh , A n d ee e m n o f e Kin gr t d, i dful th ir , h fs th a ar o n T e Chie e H ll u d . But ﬁrst the Lady free an d fair Unto the East - D ane Mo n arch bare ’ T he o e she had c ro wn d G bl t , A n d b ade him j o yo usly to fare the r a e W arrio ur s o n With b v r u d . The con querin g King in j oyou s Haste ’ ’ e e e th o e rﬂo win o R c iv d g G ld , ’ ’ A n d ro und the H elmings Lady pae d n o o o n an d old U t b th y u g , In e very Par t as on she s pe d e sse s she s r e Rich V l di t ibut d , n the me ar e en she U til Ti riv d wh , een n of n A Qu , with Mi d Dig ity , B e de cke d with Rings and Je wels fair

The ea - t o B e6 - f are M d cup wul b , The n o e e at she ee e a r bl G gr t d f i , ’ A nd Go d she thank d s om a with Wi d r re, ’ H er s H e had v o uchsaf d a e wi h , Chi f om she o s to fo r e Wh c uld tru t R lief. V The ﬂo wing Cup fro m V althe6 w The fo rmidable G e at e e e e er ea F o e R c iv th , v r dy ’ In Battle s Rage to meet . Be 6 - S on of - e6 w s a e wulf Ecg th , p k ’ E en s m e m a e thi did I y Obj ct k , ’ T o do o eo le s a y ur P p c ll, ’ When ﬁr st I started o er the 26 B E O W U L F.

’ A nd enter d with my her o Train ean - o a withall My Oc b t , as ras t in o s e ra n Or, f t yg p h til St i , ’ In murth r o us Struggle fall ; ’ o rs as an ar a se My W hip , E l , I ll r i , Or bide the En din g o f my Days ” n the an e a Withi b qu t H ll . ’ e lik d the ame the o as f o W ll D b t ul W rd , 9 A s o n she sat es e her o r d w b id L d, ’ ree - or n an d d eck d o en een F b , with g ld Sh , ’ ’ m a on s hon o ur A ighty N ti d Que en . en fr es as er s n the a Th h , t, withi H ll , o o r s an d a e e e oe o n Pr ud W d g y w r ch d r u d, ’ w as the eo e s es va It P pl F ti l , ’ 1 ° A Natio n s high triumphant S o und ; ’ Till H ealfden e s S on at length arose T o see k his Evening R ep o se H e kn ew in Hall wh at ran cor o us Hate H is a ess assa s a a h pl V l did w it , en S un - wa s w ra n Wh light ithd w , A n d n in a somen ess a ra e ight , D rk r y d, l 1 Came fo rth the Fo rm o f whelmin g Shade n B en eath the W elkin w a . o se ea W arriour o m his a Ar ch fr S e t, A n d each did o ther kin dly gr eet ; H réth ar B e 6 wulf a e s s g did ddr , ’ H wish d him or n e an d e ss e F tu Succ , H is ne - a to his e e n a e Wi h ll K pi g g v , ’ A n d thu s a ddr ess d the W ar rio ur b rave . ’ T o o the r Mo rtal n e er did I ’ o mm m ea - a s s o C it y M d h ll Cu t dy, h wo earne to e Sith ﬁrst t e S rd I l d wi ld , A n d Strength acquire d to lift the Shield; ’ No w therefo re h av e an d ho ld po ssess d s o se of a a es the e s Thi H u , P l c b t ; B e m n o f ma a ame i dful thy rti l F , f ame Shew fo rth the Val o ur o thy N , ’ G ainst F o es keep wak eful Guard ; 27 C A N T O I X .

Fo r an s o do the o io s ee , c t th u gl r u D d, Thy largest Wish shall n ot exce e d ” 12 d a . Thy/H o n o urs an Rew rd

CANTO X .

f o m the H all e o - a n ORTH r , with H r tr i , h D e parte d then t e royal D ane, The S c ldin ef to see e o se y g Chi , k R p ;

The W ar- n to his en e o se ki g g tl Sp u s No w had the King o f Glo ry bright l’ App o inted again st Gren de s Mighty ( S o men r elate the Tale a right) A Palace - war den gr ea t ; H e to the Chieftain o f the D an es ’ H is o an d mon s his/Thanes Duty wr ught , g t T “ he E6ten did await. The Geat Pr in ce tr u ste d readily H is r o ren an d his o a e p ud St gth C ur g high, l W the r ea o a e hich C t r g v , A nd fro m his sin ewey F o rm o ff- dre w His r on a his e me to o i M il , H l t

’ ' H e do ff d an d a e his S abre true , g v , 2 The o s e s o f a es n o c tli t Bl d , i t

The Kee pin g o f his Slav e . His I nstrumen ts of Fight he te ld H im n e a e to a e u d r Ch rg t k , B e6wulf en the W ar rio ur hold th , , The G e atic e a n s a e Chi ft i p k , ’ ’ A n d e er he stepp d o n B e d to rest ’ H is D ar ing high in Wo r ds express d It is n o t that myself I fe el 3 Weaker in Stren gth fo r D e eds of Fray an he a fo re o e Th , th t I g with St el r n e G e d l to put to sle e p an d slay . " s m d o fo r G o d t o n o Thi ight I , ( k w H is - ﬁ en dish S o ul hath n ev er so ught) 28 B E O W U L F .

Tho ugh rude and ro ughly he might d o A n d my go o d Shield in Pieces he w e o r s o f a e o With Prid by W k M lic wr ught , ’ Yet s a we en to W ar s h ll t d thi Night , ’ If he unarm d a e the will d r Fight, A n d Go d the se and o o , wi h ly L rd, a s he r Sh ll Gl o ry a will awa d . The VV ar - eas a him o n to r es b t l id d w t , ’ H is Check the o n s o n e ss d d w y Cu hi pr , A n d ro un d him man y a S eaman gay ’ n R eclin (1 up on the B e ch es lay . one o his o n m o e to see N th ught C u try r , The eo e and the ee P pl , City fr , h had e s n r Whe re e r t b ee b ed . Fo r as e ear so man a an e , th y h d , y D ’ ’ A Death o f Slaughte r had o erta en

- Within that Win e hall dr ead . ’ But H eav en s eternal L o r d decree d 5 The o o f o f o o o s e e W Vict ry , g d p d n o the e a s an d e i n ee U t G t , H lp N d, That all shchi ld through the Might o f on e ’ O er co rre their D em o n Foe ; — ’ I n His o wn étr en gth an d thu s tis sh own The Lo r d All mighty r ul e s al one a n The R ce o f Me b elo w . 6 the o o s s a e s a n r e But b ld Gh t , h d t lki g Sp it C ame i n the W an ness o f the Night The W arriours on the o e s s e C uch l pt, The nna e a a s o a e e pi cl d H ll th t h uld h v k pt, ’ av e on e —fo r the ea o r s S , Cr t Will, was n o n to m en fo r a e (T k w ,) b d The S in scath e fo ul their Blo o d to Spill

Ben eath the Evenin g Shade . T he wa e ef o n o u recli k ful Chi , C ch n d , I n rage an d fell D e spite a n s the Fo e wr a n Ag i t , with thful Mi d, Awaits the c oming Fight. C ANTO XI .

ME en e r o m his ma s a A Gr d l f r hy L ir, ’ 1 W en m s a o s fa h i ty Sh d w ll, ’ a o n his ro w he a e Go d s Wr th up B b r , A nd thought so me Mo rtal to e n snare

Within the lo fty H all . ’ H e neath the Welkin w ent till he The an e - a a e e B qu t p l c wid , The eas e—a of M en o see Tr ur h ll , c uld ,

With Ve ssels beautifi ed . Not for the first Tim e n ow his Ro ad ’ H e en to H r 6th- ar s fa o e b t g ir Ab d , No r in his Life in C astle- ward e o e o r s n e o n s ar e ua B f r i c f u d t k r G rd . e o e the m o n n o se he a s B f r ur i g H u h lt , The ir on - bo un d G ates he quick assaults ’ ’ Co nfi n d w s r o n fi re - hard en d an s ith t g B d , ’ H e seiz d the o a s in his an s P rt l H d , ’ 2 I n a e the a s m o o en o e r g H ll uth p t r , A n d s a s a on the mar e o o r t lk l g bl Fl . ’ I n r a he mo an d ame - e r W th v d Fl lik b ight, 3 oo in his e es a o r St d y h r id Light , Fo r man a e he ere es r es y Chi f th d c i , A kin dre d B an d in peaceful wise Of W arrio ur s sleeping ro un d him lies in h To gether t e Hall . ’ en lau h d the on s e as ere D a Th g M t r , y H e t o ea ero er e to s a h ught ch H th l y, A n d on him Ho p e did fall e as - ne e m o e Of full R p t but v r r , ’ f e a a w as o er A t r th t wful Night , O f Human - kin d to taste the G o re W as fo r hi s Fate de cree d . The valian t Than e o f H igelac Saw ho w in sudden -made Attack 30 B E O W U L F .

The Man -scath e would pro cee d ; e s n o e a the emon s R ck D l y D cur t, But quick o ne slumbering Thane at ﬁrst H e se e s o n his ea iz S t , 4 en s es as nde o n s a ns R d , bit u r J i t , dr i ’ The e s oo om the o n e ns Lif Bl d fr thr bbi g V i , 5 A n d do th in Cursed - mo r sels draw o n his a some o o w M aw Ad w d rk h ll , ' A nd so on from o ﬂ the dead R emain s h n s n D evo urs t e Ha d a d Feet . en o e e s e e in a m e o s Th f rth wh r , tr tch d c l R p e, The Chieftain o f the Ge atic Ban d a e la the o ns e o es Full w k ful y, M t r g ,

A n d laid o n him his b aleful H an d . The e s e e o ut his A rm in o Chi f tr tch d , Th ught O f en ean e an d the emo n a t V g c , D c ugh s en as o n o set With udd Gr p , Elb w , A n d so on the on s e o n M t r f u d , ’ That mon gst the S o n s o f M en a s yet ’ S o dread a Grasp he n e e r had met ’ The VV o rld s wide Region s ro und . H is n o Terrours a crave S ul with c ught, ’ o a e mo e n o t be o n (Th ugh Sc p t f u d , ) a n in a e a e so Wo uld f i Flight h v S f ty ught, ’ A n d bidd u him in his lurking Place 6 s m s of the emon a e Mid t Tu ult D R c , Fo r n ev er in his Life as yet S o stern Receptio n had he met ’ B ut H igelac s co urage o u s Knight H is Re colle ction cast ’ O n his s o as and s o o u Night B t , t d pright, as A n d held the D emo n f t . Till s udden fro m his Fin gers burst en r A n d o utward ﬂ e d the E6t cu st . ’ ste d the ar fo r a o en Fo rth pp E l , th t f ul Fi d ar e had mean to ﬂ ee At l g t , ’ A n d w o uld his marshy Lair h ave gain d ’ H is Fingers Strength knew he

32 B E O W U L F .

‘ CANTO XII .

’ ’ HE Earl s Protecto r tho ught n o t meet The r erer sho a e ea Mu th uld liv retr t , H is caitiff Life to n o o n e he ’ 1 S u o s d o e e sef pp c uld v r u ul be . ’ Then quick B e6wulf s Liegeman true ’ Great Welan d s an tien t Relic d rew For of his or a n el L d, th t pri c y Wight , 2 The fe he so as e e e m Li ught , ( th r th y ight, ) m Dan e o r Fro g r t p ote ct . o on s of a e l e o B ld S B ttl ittl th ught , W e s a o o s e o hil thu l b ri u ly th y wr ught , H is e on all s es as e so Lif id th y ught, ’ A n d hew d n o eel o f o s o , St c tly S rt, ‘ ’ No r o r a e er o n a was o ! Sw d th t E rth wr ught, Against the lo athse me Sin - scathe bro ught

O n him w o uld take Effe ct . But the pro ud W arr iour w o uld fo rego o r o s an an d o Vict i u Br d Sw rd, Th a ef r o f the F o e h t ul Spi it e . ’ 4 I n s e s a s eat o f W o e thi Lif D y , by D h , ’ W as d o om d i nto the Po wer to g o he a m n o r Of t dre d De o H de . he Fo e o f Go d w o se e es T , h f ll D pite ’ a n s Man had o ft o sinf ee G i t wr ught ul D d, ’ ’ Then fo un d that gain st the H e r o s Might ’ H is har den d e was e s Hid littl peed . ’ But H igelac s b old kin dr e d Thane o him n his ras e a n D th withi G p d t i , n fe was ea to o er Fo e I Li ch th , The o e a s the m o r a o w f ul Wr tch w it t l Bl , ’ H is o e wrench d a ss e s o s Sh uld r Fi ur h w , The n e s a the o n s un o se Si w cr ck , J i t cl , Success atten ds the G e at Grendel mu st ﬂee the Scene of Strife ‘

C A N T o x i i . 33

i n as ne ss s o f e T o h s fe F t , ick Lif ,

A n d se ek his sad Retreat . H e feel s that n o w his e arthly Race n Is drawing to its E d apa ce . ’ h a e o e r the ane s e e e T e B ttl , D p rc iv d ’ r e ain d e a e e Thei Obj ct g , th ir Will , chi v d, ef a n o me ro m s an an The Chi t i c f di t t L d , den o f n and o o f an Pr u t Mi d b ld H d, ’ d e ea H réth- a s a H a puriﬁ d gr t g r H ll , ’ A nd made it free fro m Evil s Thr all . I n the e emen s o f the Achi v t Night, A nd in the Glo ry o f his Might H e o s a an j y right g ll tly, For to the Eastern Danes his Plight ’ Full well perfo r m d had he . The W o e they erst had rue d fo rlo rn ’ r o o e an he had a eas d Th ugh ut th ir L d pp , A nd fr om the Wrath they mu st have b o r ne ’ Fo r on to ome he em had ea l g c th s d . A n d s to all was ear s o n thi cl ly h w , When the victo rio us Chief laid do wn The an and A rm an d o e en H d , , Sh uld r r t ro m the e en om he had s en F hug Fi d wh h t , The Grasp [ they all had fearedf’] ’ ’ A nd n eath the Arch s S o fﬁ tment n the o ea e O high Tr phy r r d,

CANTO XIII .

as ea at o rn n d e OW, I h rd} M i g Ti , ul m an to the i t a e l F l y G f H ll hi d , A n d ea e s far an d n ea L d r , r, In W o n de r wen t aro un d the Place The Fo otstep s o f the Fo e to trace ; N o r yet did any there ’ Thin k har dly o f his Life s Div o rce } r e n his n o o s o se Su v yi g i gl ri u C ur , 34 B E O W U L F .

H ow ea y an d in a a , w r Flight, w y 3 H is e- s e s a n he a e Lif t p f i t b r , ' O ercome in ee s o f o s e a D d h til Fr y, ’ T o th / a e e d rk Nick rs lair . The a e was n hot oo W v bubbli g with Bl d, A nd Po ison mantled in the Flo o d ’ D e o f ea s o o r e o er With y D th di c l u d , 4 A n d o n o s e o e b ili g up with h til G r , en in his s en Fen the en Wh il t Fi d, e e Jo e ea e Of v ry y b r v d, ’ H is e his ea en o r esi n d Lif , h th S ul g , 5 A n d e him e H ll th re received . om a es en e e a a a n Old C r d th c d p rt g i , A n d m an y a one p r o ceeds O n o se a in the easan n H r b ck pl t Plai , High W arriour s on their Steeds A n d as abo the a e e e , ut L k th y rid , ’ B e owulf s Fame they magn iﬁe d ; om S ea to S ea o m o t o o Fr , fr S uth N rth , ’ enea the S un o er all the a B th , E rth , They kn ew n o W arriour b earing Shield ’ A Kingdo m s Fate m o r e ﬁt to wield A nd blam eless held with on e Acco rd

B - ar e ea an d a o roth g th ir d r h ppy L rd, w A Monarch go o d as he . S ometimes the Chiefs their C o ursers stron g o run in a e the a n s a on W uld R c Pl i l g,

Where ﬁt the Groun d might be . ’ me mes the ona s ar s ee So ti M rch B d di cr t, H is n of emes r e e e Mi d with l ty Th pl t , ’ W ho an tient Tales unnumber d knew A n d mo er n o ne e e n o d j i d th r u t , B egan in So ng to harmo niz e ’ B e owulf s D eeds o f high Emprize A n d in due Order to relate ess e the o r e Succ iv ly St y tru , Then ch ange his Theme an d all narrate ’ 6 at he o f m n s a o new Th Sig u d V l ur k , X C A N T O I I I .

’ Th l n s a e s to e o e W ae si g B ttl r c rd, e r me s and an er n s too F ud, C i , W d i g , ’ itela who w him warr d Which F , ith f all M en new Alone o k , Uncle an d Ne phew e ver true ’ Each C o ntest s D angers share 7 A nd pa ssing man y E6 tens sle w o s leamin a With Sw rd yg g f ir, ’ Full glo rio us Sigmun d s Name hath gro wn he in e a a s e Sith D th h th l pt , ’ Fo r he a n e s Son a o ne , Pri c , l , a an en ea the oa o ne? V li t , b th h ry St } a the an a on s one H th gig tic Dr g l , rd The Treasure H o a e that kept. ’ on e the ea o f ee s he a Al Dr d D d d r d, ’ No t Fitela the Danger shar d ’ T o him was giv n with We apo n true T o pierce the sc aly D rago n thro ugh 9 That midst the Bo iling of the Blo o d 1 0 The o on ee n s o o l rdly Ir r ki g t d, The ra on san an d e D g k di d, The e e ef a n his wo wr tch d Chi t i by S rd, ’ Inj oymen t gain d o f that Ring -ho ard ’ E n as his m e Will ight guide s H is o a the W aelsin r n e s o e B t g P i c did t r , 11 A nd r eas re to his esse o re T u V l b , The e en me e at his ee S rp t lt d F t, ’ ns m n n Co u d by its i te r al Heat . Thro ugho ut the W o rld in every Place ’ Reno wn d of an e e rs is his ame W d r N , The e f e o f the warrio ur a e R ug R—c , Thro ugh valiant D ee ds such ﬁ rst his

Fame . af e r en the W ar nd But t , wh a Might O f e e -mod me m o , H r be ca r e light ’ n o his o es he was betra d U t F y , ’ A nd r son e r mo n s the 6 ens ma e P i g t E t d , en or an - as o n S t f th Out c t l r , 36 B E O VV U L F

’ ’ o n to ss d o n o o s o s as L g S rr w Bill w v t , Upo n his Peo ple he at last A n d o n his fEthelin s was as g c t , 1 2 o A deadly C are an d Sc rn . ’ ’ ”3 Thus many a prudent M an griev d o er ’ The e s o in a s o f or e Chi f Expl it D y y , ’ W ho deem d him a se cur e D efen ce ’ a n s sfo r ne s n en e Ag i t Mi tu I flu c , ’ — A nd tho ught the Prince s OF spring b old ’ H is ather s e a e s o o F fi H rit g h uld h ld, a to the e o e he Th t , P pl T o r eas e an d to fen e o n T ur , c d T w , ’ The ea m o f M en of a s - en o n R l W r R w , The Heritage o f S cylding Cro wn fi A rm D efen ce sho uld be . By all the Frien ds to Human kin d There w as a m o re illu striou s Fame ’ ’ T o Hige - lac s goo d Than e assign d ’ Fo r Crime had sullie d Sigmun d s n am e . S ometimes up o n their H o rse s fle e t ’ The ero es r a c d the f o ee H all w Str t , A n d man a e o f s r o y Chi f tu dy S ul , ’ ’ W en o n n s o r s r ead the o e h M r i g s R ay e p P l , Wen o r the o f a t o see t f th l ty H ll , ’ The W o n der o f A rts Mini stry . ’ The wh wn d h eas e o e King o o t e Tr ur T w r, 1 5 e o r o s f m his n a o e St pt gl i u ro upti l B w r, Surr o unde d by his martial Po wer ’ Fo r Spl en dour far r en o wn d ; A n d W altheow the o e een , l v ly Qu , on the ea -ha a s is seen Up M d ll St ir , H er Maidens following ro und . CANTO XIV .

the n e the o f a s OUNTED Pri c l ty St ir , d to his a a s en e A n H ll c d d, ’ Where high n eath gilde d Ro of appears ’ s s n Fo ul Gren del s Han d u p e ded . Than ks fo r this Sight great Hrothgar cries Fo rthwith to the A ll~mighty rise Full dread the Scathe an d R avage sore ’ a om Gr en del s a e o re Th t I fr M lic b , Ma Go d the n o f o r ( y , Ki g Gl y high , o n e s on W on e s m W d r d r ultiply ,) A n d e eem littl did I d , ~ W r e r s m a a e s o o hile d a y thu y P l c t d, ’ ‘ ’ r e ss é bv War and stain d w o o Opp , ith Bl d , That in my Life - time ever would

The D ay o f Vengean ce b eam . ’ ’ efs o erwhelm d e an d a n My Chi , with Gri f P i , m o e e e e o en e a n S all H p r whil c uld t rt i , o h n o e - s r e Th ug bl pi it d , ’ The Natio n s Lan d - wo r k to m aintain ’ Gain st Fien ds and Phan tom s dread . ’ 1 No w r o o s m on e ef a o h , th ugh G d ight, Chi h th wr ug t ’ What ov erpass d o ur deepest Tho ught . o o the e ons o f the a Thr ugh ut R gi E rth , ’ a e e be the a r o n s n ame Wh t v r M t , W ho a e s n o e ero g v thi bl H birth, (If yet aliv e to kn o w his Fam e,) ’ W ell may she say that Heaven hath smil d O n her in ran n s g ti g uch a Child . A n d es o f M en m e ar o n ee , b t , y H t th A s m n e o wn S o n s a ﬁ xéd be i , h ll ; ’ Pr e ser ve the Pe ace tho u st wo n fo r me ’ Thy earthly Wishes en d ’ 2 a n e e r be ef a o a to ee Sh ll l t g d th , ’ Fa r as mv Po w rs ex ten d 38 B E O W U L F .

F o r D eeds of far less l ofty Name o a o n o f en a m My r y l B u ty t cl i . Unfading Hon o urs a nd R en own ’ on r n Thy c que ing Swo rd hath gai d . May Go d thy Life with Blessings cro wn ’ ” A s H e a s yet hath d eign d . ’ en s a e e o Ec theow s So n Th p k B wulf, g ; The W o rk of Valo ur we hav e do ne ’ Jo an d a s a wo With y, d r d with t l rth Might ’ The n o o ns e s an ero s u c uth M t r d g u Fight, A n d w o uld tho u co uldst the Fien d hav e seen Fainting amid thy Treasure s sheen I tho ught the Mon ste r t o have b o un d With Fe tters o n the Battle - gro un d

H is ea ~ e e e he la D th b d wh r y, s had he a n en ea m A rm Thu l i b th y , I n ca ff ea an d s a a m iti F r t rk Al r , ’ H ad he n o t sli d a a pp w y, ’ s n e was no t ea en s But i c it H v Will, e o n ot f My Obj ct I c uld ulﬁll ,

I co uld n ot kee p the Prey. n ot as on him a I did r hly f ll, The e - es o e a e ess Lif d tr y r, c r l ly, For f r t o s r on was he a a o t g with l , i The Fien d in h s Activity . Yet h ath he here b ehin d him le ft H is A rm an d o e om him e t Sh uld r fr r f , A s b on d o f Life and Flight B ut nought of C omfo rt can he gain u in his e sen Th s pr t Plight , No r yet the l o nger shall r emain r s on a the o a some ane Fo thi E rth , l th B , ’ ’ ’ l n s n erna a n O erwhe m d with Si i f l St i , Who se W o un d in B on ds o f deadly Pain 3 s him a ea Grasp lr dy tight, ’ n stain d r mes an d s Awaiti g, with C i Ill

The D o om the pu r e Creato r will s . ’ was Ec laf s S o n A silent Man g ,

40 B E O W U L F . i Upo n h s dying B e d . ’ ’ Tis Time and S easo n H ealfden e s S o n o to his a e a Sh uld H ll r p ir, The King himself his W ill makes kno wn n h To j oi t e B an quet there . o re n mer o s r e s e re n e ver fo n M u u T ib w u d, ’ ea e r ef a n ather d r o nd I h rd, th i Chi t i g u , A n d o ous o n the en e s lie gl ri B ch , en eo s eas e a e With pl t u F t l t , 2 o a and H r o thwulf and e Hr thg r , th y ply man a ea - o o s Full y M d cup j y u ly, A s n sman o o o f ar n Ki g d, D i g high, f In that high H all o State . ’ All throng d with Frien ds was H eo rot ’ A nd mon gst the Scylding s there was not

A D ee d of treachero us Hate . ’ But no w the Prin ce s liberal Han d ’ esen s e o H ealfden e s an Pr t B wulf Br d, o en anne a to see A g ld B r f ir , The e on of his o Gu rd Vict ry , O n s e a so a s eam n twi t d Sh ft g ily tr i g,

A Helmet and a Byrnie gleaming . That pretio us We ap on saw the D anes e o the Warriour or ne B f re b , While he with Jo y re ceiv es an d drain s rn I n Hall the ﬂo wing Ho . N o r n ee ds the age d Chieftain bold H is ro yal B o unty small to ho ld B efo re his W arriour B an d ’ ’ F o r ne e in r en e se I m o r f i dli r wi , t ld, ’ eas fo s ad o rn d o At F t , ur Gift with G ld ’ s n Gave gen ero u s Mo n arch Ha d . ’ The e m the e a s efen e n e H l , H d D c , i l t, ’ C ontain d in as n set , wiry Ch i g , o the es an Am e Ab ut Cr t , ul t , ’ ’ 3 That ne e r old hard -scour d Swo rd may woun d T he o a e is as aro n Br w th t Sp ll c t u d, ’ en a ns the a n o f his o es Wh g i t R gi g F , Al l C A N T O X V.

e the W arrio ur o es . Wi th Shield b dight , g ’ Next bade the Earls D efence p rep are n o e ee s a o ne a Eight bl St d , d r d f ir ’ O n ee n th n o s e e e Ch k , withi I cl ur th r h r n B efo re t e Hall to b i g . O n o ne a a e r wa s S ddl ich dight, m n an d eas es Glea i g with Gold Tr ur bright, ’ When e er he entere d in the Fight The War S eat o f the King ’ ’ 5 I n W r th - n o wn d o n s a e wide re e Might , en fe the M en in the Wh ll dea d Fight, W n as n ever slumberi g . ’ The Chieftain o f the Ingwin s B an d ’ Then gave into B e owulf s Han d ’ 6 The o se an d m o s o mman H r Ar ry C d, ’ A nd ho p d that l o ng the Chieftain bold Th e hon o urable Po st might hold . s man the onar e Thu ly did M ch tru , The eas e - a of e o es d o Tr ur gu rd H r , , With Ho rses thu s an d Treasure s due ’ War s O nslaught gu erdon well ’ A n d s a none e er n s e o se thu sh ll ce ur th , W ho as ne n s e s e s , u rri g Ju tic h w , Th e Truth will ever tell .

CANTO XVI .

’ ’ N ev ry Yo uth that o er the Main ’ H ad wander d the Geatic ane with Th , ’ ’ e et th en en n ea - o ﬂ ow d Whil y liv i g M d b wl , ’ High Gifts the Lo rd o f Earl s besto w d ; 1 A nd b ade with Gold to co mpen sate ’ The W ar riour s ea an e d dly B , That in his Sin an d savage Hate The Mo nster Fien d had sl ain A s man mor e the e ro a e y R p b t , 2 But fo r the wise D e crees of Fate G B E O W U L F

A nd o a e of the a an ea C ur g v li t G t , To a e was f n Sl ught r full ai . The great Creato r of the Earth ’ Rul d and s e all an nd till rul th M ki , A nd H is high Gift o f bo un dless Wo rth

The Wisdom o f a tho ughtful Min d , Much bo th of Lo ve an d Lo athing st ro n g

H e ea s o n a who s r e s o n . b r , E rth t uggl l g ’ No w H ealfdene s warrio ur Chiefs amo ng

Ar o se the gladso me Vo ice o f So ng. ’ The a our d o its eas e a H rp p f rth M ur g y, A n d o ft e ea e was the La r p t d y, ’ A n d Hrothgar s Po et wo uld relate ’ The e of nn s n a a e Wr ck Fi u h ppy St t , ’ A nd ho w on Fr iesland s Battle plain The Scylding Hero H n aef was slain ; en Hildeburh n a a Wh , u h ppy F ir, ’ 3 o a a the 6 ens r o C uld ill ppl ud E t T th, Fo r she hath seen her Brethren dear A nd en o n e the s ear Childr , w u d d with p , O ne after o the r fall in Yo uth m o That was a D a e f Fate full drear . ’ 4 H o ce s Daughte r pro ud did not in vain amen at o n her nsman s a n L t M r Ki l i , When she beheld his deadly Fo e

Where mo st he j oye d on E arth belo w . ’ ’ The Thanes that Finn s C o mmand o bey d The a e of War few had ma e F t full d , ’ That n e e r on B attle Plain he might ’ en es s e ons a e the With H g t L gi d r Fight , No r yet the Remn ant of his Ban d ’ ns h r D efen d agai t t e War iour s Hand . T o him e e ms of ea e ass n th y T r P c ig , a a e fo r him t o es n A P l c r ig , a and o o ne A H ll l fty Thr , ’ That o er the Frisian Chief s D omain s ’ ’ 6 en s on s c on oin d the anes With E t S j , D

Should half the Po wer o wn . C A N T O X V I .

’ w ld s So n w en in a e Th at F o lc a , h high St t e - s he a sa e At Treasur gift d ily t , ’ n o r e n e s s an es n s S ho uld ho u H g t D with Ri g , o an d retio us n s A n d solid G ld p Thi g , A s largely as to Frisian kin H e gave his Banquet -hall within was the rea a e Thus T ty r tiﬁ d, ’ A nd a s e e a en o n e e e O th w r t ith r Sid , Finn unto H engest swo re to guide The emnan o f his ea m and a e r t R l St t , ’ E en as his Witan sho uld decide I n Wisdom all deliberate That none by Wo rd o r D ee d sho uld break

T he ea e n o r o f the a re s ea . P c , Qu r l p k ’ Though chieftainle ss and fo rc d to bo w n no w Ben eath their Pri ce 3 Slaughte re r , ’ If Frisian e er in Language r ude o ma e l s on to the e Sh uld k Al u i F ud , ’ ’ Th unco urteo us Wo rds sho uld be redress t

A n d with the Swo r d be set at rest. The a is s o n an d Go is o e O th w r , ld p ur d ’ Fro m o ut the warlike S cyldings Ho ard The ef is a on his e Chi l id up Bi r, A n d n ear him on the e a ea Pil pp r, ’ A n d B o ar in harden d iron star k ; 6 ’ The o en w ne the o o - stain d ar g ld S i , bl d S k A n d fEthelings a n umbe r great By w o un ds awar de d unto Fate Some fell the C o rp se up on en Hildeburh a n e ame Th , th t pri c ly D , Bade them commit unto the Flame 7 The Bo dy o f her S o n ; T o set it o n the Death - pyre the re A n n r d o the Sho ulder sadly hea . ’ The Lady mo urn d her n o ble Child I n on s f o S g o Lamentati n wild . 8 The W arrio ur mo n e on the re u t d Py , en aro se the eet o f re Th quick Sh Fi , 44 B E O W U L F.

’ A nd o the e n o n thr W lki w u d, ’ ea s b a n ea on ea and e D th l zi g B c , dr d dir , Crackling b efore the Mo un d The e me s m e e r o n H l t lt d u d, ’ 9 A n d the o n s o a s s a re s W u d P rt l bur t f h , The o a some o - es of the es l th Sw rd bit Fl h , T o giv e the Blm d its W ay ’ That all who fell in War s dread Game 1 0 The ree es o f s ame g di t Spirit , Fl , D ’ evo ur d with o ut delay . ’ The Fl ower o f either N ation s Name ’ Thus sadly pass d away .

CANTO XVII .

’ HEN reft of many a cherish t Friend [ 2243 ] a n the W arrio urs ome ar en Ag i h w d w d, A n d e s an see e n a a a s Fri l d k , th ir t l H ll , ’ s m e a Their City high e b attl d W lls . H enge st with Finn in Frien dship true ’ o e the ea n e o Ab d d dly Wi t r thr , A n d to his an en on a e L d Att ti g v , ’ Altho he might have dare d the Wav e . I n b o iling Fury ro se the Main A n d a e the n b ttl d with Wi d, Wh en Winter in an icy Chain Its o s er e n Bill w ﬁ c did bi d, Until the cir cling Year o nce m o r e ’ R o se o er the Lan d in Light ; ’ S o yet do th H e who rul eth o e r

- The W eather gl ory bright . When Winter n o w was past away ’ A nd ar had o he r an e a E th d u d M tl g y, ’ o n his Wa the an e s ee s F o rth y W d r r p d , H is et on v en efull ee s Spirit s g D d , N n f the S ea he ee s o D a gers o h d , But W ar he seek s and fell D e spite 45 C A N T O X V I I .

n For Memo ry o f the E6te Might . No r did he thu s av o id the Blo w ll ear rea es lo w That lays a thly C tur , ’ The dark H unlaﬁ ng s lawless Han d ’ 1 Thrust thr o his Heart the w arlike Bran d : That thus the E6ten s keenly kne w rio urs nn aro n him e What W ar Fi u d dr w , A nd a e o f the emo se e ss o b l r r l Sw rd, ’ Which do wn upon his Dwelling pour d . ’ Guthlaf an d O slaf o er the S ea ’ I n o o mourn d the rea er S rr w T ch y, A nd part avenged their W o e s. Nor could the crafty Chief withal H is Breast co ntro ul to see his Hall ’ B eleagur d by his F o e s . n n is r o s er e s a n The Pri ce amo gst h T o p w l i , ’ H is wretche d Queen w as captiv e ta en . ’ ’ The r n e s o se o an d a e e P i c H u h ld, wh t r Of G o ld an d G ems were foun den there e to e r esse s a e Th y quickly th i V l b r , ’ ’ A nd o er the ean s bed Oc , o e e the r a T g th r with lo dly F ir, n th n U to e D a es they led . ’ ’ S o ceas d the Gleemen s tuneful S o un d A n d a o se the en e s r o n Mirth r B ch u d , A nd Wine was ro un d the Table sen t I n Cup s o f mar vell ou s Orn ament en or r o ee e Waltheow Th f th p c d d , o en o n o n her o A g ld Cr w up Br w, e e e as et an d ee r o m a e Wh r , tru y fr f H t , The two fair C o usin s p eaceful sate There H unferth also had his Seat ’ a e o r s o a e e At g d Hr thga r y l F t , ’ A n d ea o ne deem d his o a e ch C ur g high, Albeit in the D ays gon e by ’ In War s dread Game he false had b een T o o se who e e hi r in th w r s n ea est K . s s a e the een e e e sa she Thu p k Qu R c iv , id , B E O W U L F .

s m o and a he Thi cup , y L rd , h ppy , o - r n e o f Men do o a ess G ld p i c ? th u ddr , Geatic r en en ene ss Our F i d with G tl , A s fi ts thee well to d o . B e o o s n ow and far and n ea j y u , r s r n ee With Gift their f ie dly Spirit ch r, A n d Amity renew . ’ Tis said this H ero will be style d en e fo as ne a o e H c rth Thi d pt d Child , ’ No w H eo ro t the e o es a , H r h ll , n e mo e is f ee f o m a n O c r r r St i , I nj o y then n o w the Festival ’ e et o ma s - eo e all Whil y th u y t, thy P pl A nd s a o ma n thi thy f ir d i , ’ L eave to thy Kin when H eav n shall call e en to n a a n Th e h ce we d g i . I kno w my Win some H r éthwulf will With honourable Z eal fulfill ’ T o w rd the o n o ns of o ur a e y u g Sci R c , ’ o s o u s die the a an s a e . Sh uld t th fir t , Gu rdi Pl c I ween that to o ur Offsprin g he hear him ass n en er Will p i g t d ly, If he will o n his m emo ry press a a o we a s e n Wh t F v ur h ve h w , 3 What in the D ay of his Distress T o raise his Fame an d Happiness

Our frien dly C are hath do ne . ’ ’ he sa an d turn d ere mon s the on S id, wh g t Thr g ’ e o es en a and o n Of H r Childr , f ir y u g,

’ S at the ro wn n a n C Pri ces tw i , H r 6thric and H rothmun d an d es e , b id The ro yal Brethren in his Pride

The gallant Geatic Thane .

48 B E O W U L F .

A nd o n en o s es men a l g j y thi V t t f ir, A nd flo urish gallantly n ease skilfull n I cr thy Might with Mi d , A nd to these gentle Yo uths full kin d Let all o uns thy C el be . A nd I thy D ee ds of high Empriz e e o m ense in o f - se Will r c p l ty wi , For lo ud thy noble Exploits call O n e e ene o s ame v ry g r u N , o far and nea and ea and sm l B th r , gr t al , Far as the Ocean Tide withall 3 o n s its ea w n a Surr u d rthly i dy W ll , T o o wn a se and am thy Pr i F e . e o a a e and Liv th u h ppy Chi f, I Grant thee a 0 0 pio us Treasury : o Son to me be o n A w rthy f u d, a an in ms an d a in a V li t Ar , g y H ll, ’ For eve ry Yo uth tho u see st aro und I a to his n all s f ithful Brethre . o n in his e e ane S u d Duty, v ry Th I s o eo s en e and m ane c urt u , g tl , hu , The People all are true ’ E en the e ea o n with liv ly M d Cup fl wi g, ’ 4 The Warriours tho r s o n , with Spi it gl wi g , ” mman d A s I co d them o . h sa an t h r h n S e id d o e Seat s e we t. T he Feas was ass n e e en t p i g xc ll t, ’ The genero us Wine - cup flo w d unch eck (1 ’ N one o f that antient Creature reck d 5 m a e how was o n its W a Gri F t , it y, en at the o s n of the D a Wh , cl i g y, H is o ea o r s o a e so C uch gr t Hr thga h uld h v ught , m n r Again st full a y of his C o u t . Within a Troo p of gallant Thanes T o a the fes a a ema n s w rd t l H ll r i , ’ The a es clear d e s e e the o n t bl , th y tr w d Gr u d e s an d o s e s all a o n With B d B l t r r u d, A nd ea a o s en r dily, with L b ur p t, C A N T O X V I I I .

In p eaceful Rest the Menial b ent . Clo se at their He ads in Order sto o d ’ e e s o f olish d o o Their warlik Shi ld p W d, ’ A nd o er the valiant E thelings ’ d e e ms e H awberk Gleam th ir bright H l , th ir A nd Spears of weary Weight withall

Such was the Custo m o f the Hall . e e at ome o r on am a n Wh th r H C p i , ea for W ar e a e ema n R dy th y y r i , ’ Whene er their Lo rd their Aid may n eed . n A faithful People they i deed .

CANTO XIX .

E n —O n H Y sa k to sleep . e Hero there ’ Fo r that Night s R est full so rely p aid ; s o ft e e w en ren e ma A b f ll , h G d l de ; H is Visits to that Palace fair a o ns e o ea Evil th t M t r wr ught, till D th ’ D e riv d him o f his o a some ea p l th Br th, That all Mankin d might reco gnize ’ Th Avenge r o f Impietie s. ’ Gren del s o er e m e But M th , Wr tch i pur , ’ ’ oo s o er her on s Discomfi tur e Br d S , A femal e Demo n do ome d to dwell ’ ’ I n T erro urs m s the Vt ater s s e id t w ll , 1 Sith first the lawless H an d o f Cain ’ e ame his on ro er s ane B c ly B th B , ’ en o e stain d he s e Th f rth with Murd r p d , ’ favour d Man the eas es fled Of Pl ur , To see the ea o k dr ry W ld, ’ A nd ther e he gave unhallo w d Birth T o r ea es r m a a n the a C tur g i th t h u t E rth, o n s and emo n s old G bli D . ese was en e o e o Of th Gr d l f ul b g t, 2 The hateful Wo lf of H c oro t Whom yet a bold and wakeful Wight H 5 0 B E O W U L F .

Dar’d to embrace in deadly Fight ; Fo r well he knew his C o urage high ’ - m es o Th All ighty did b t w, A nd in H is Favo ur e ve r nigh Fo r o m o o and e C f rt w uld Aid r ly, A n d s s e the F o e thu ubdu d , Who thence in Shame and Misery ’ T o D eath s dark R ealm did g o ° The mo e en a o had she th r Fi d , S ul 3 o o - r ee e the a o s— ee Bl d g dy lik G ll w tr , ’ A n d she fo r deadly Vengean ce Sake n h a n Will ow t e B ttle u de rtake . ’ Then quick to Hrothgar s prin cely Hall She b ent her b aleful W ay The Hring -D an e Yo uth in Slumbers all

Aro un d the B enches lay . Quick wo ke the E arl s the sudden Din ’ ’ en rend l s o e enter d i Wh G e M th r n . ’ Less T err o ur paralyz d the Crew ’ the o ema e on s e s ew At f ul f l M t r Vi , ’ A s Wo man s B attle - rage l ess fraught ’ ear an l\I an s is e e o With F th v r th ught, ’ ’ When hammer d Swo rd all stain d with G o re H ews with its do ughty Edge the B oar ’ ’ a n o s W r r io ur m r Th t d the a s Hel et o e . Thro ugho ut the Hall each h astes to wie ld H is o an d f s his am e e Sw rd , li t pl Shi ld, N o r s a s e m his o w to r a e t y with H l Br b c , ’ N o r n e o er his eas to a e Byr i Br t pl c , ’ When ﬁrst aro se th Al arm ’ The a e en disco ver d o h t ful Fi d, , w uld In a e ma e her a e o o Flight h v d S f ty g d, A nd e the a a e a m l ft P l c c l , ere her en n a she so But f y L ir ught, O n e a an o e she had a v li t N bl c ught , ’ (By the go o d Chie f to all preferr d the two eas his ea m a Twixt S R l th t gird, o n om a e of the o a ane Sw r C r d r y l D ,)

E 5 2 B O W U L F .

’ ‘ ZEschere is a en om o ff the a t fr E rth , The Brother by an elder Birth Yrmenlaf who e e ne Of , v r k w e e s an d m o n se s e My S cr t y C u l dr w, My con stant C o mrade true and go o d ’ ene e we in the a e s o o Wh r B ttl t d, ’ en Warrio urs s o e e d as n Wh ru h d, t g th r hi g , The oa s a o e e e me s as n B r b v th ir H l t cl hi g, ’ O w o uld that e v r y Hero were a o s a s o ch A s chiv lr u b ld fEs ere . A n d him within my o wn D o main 1 The cunning Murther -ﬁ end has slain I w o t n o t if he yet he ﬂe d ’ B eglutted with the Blo o d he s sh ed 2 ’ H er a o ns a e aven d the e T l h v g F ud , ’ That tho u last Night in Grendel s Blo o d Didst quench the Scathe and murderous Wrong m W arrio ur l n H e wro ught y s a l to o lo g . His fo rfeit Life he justly paid ; But n o w ano th er Wretch o f Sin ssa on m a has ma e A ult up y H ll d , n h A n d wo uld ave ge er curse d Kin . Sad is the Feud may Thanes de cl are While they th eir Bre asts with Anguish tear In o o for s W arriour a S rr w thi f ir , Now o e s the an l wly li H d, ’ That o ft accomplished whate e r m Yo ur Pleasure ight de man d . This C ouple gaun t hav e oft b een known . ’ is sa to s a the Ma s es o n e T id, t lk r h l ; O ne Wretch (as far a s Eye could s can) ema e e o e A f l Figur b r , While the Similitude of Man The o e on s e o e th r M t r w r , But larger than the human Race ’ ’ n en of th es a e This D e iz Exil Pl c , ’ A n d him o f old Men Gren del n am d ’ ’ s a e e e claim d No Father C r th y ver , 3 5 3 C A N T O X X .

A nd whether any O ff- spring they ’ Have e er begotten n o n e can say. on the o n e o o They dwell up l ly M r, sses o f the o e The windy Ne Sh r , ’ f s ar a the enn a The Wo l d k L ir, f y Tr ct , Near where a Mo untain C ataract Its Co urse from Cloudy Headlands wends; ’ Then sullen neath the Earth descen ds is n o t far —a e om e e It , Mil fr h r , ’ n s er s s s ee Where stands the Mo t luggi h M r, h n o es o se e ma e T e ri ded Gr v cl Circl k , A n d o verhan g the dismal Lake ; A nd there up o n the W ater sheen A wo ndro us Flame at Night is seen . ’ N 0 Man the W o rld s Wide R egion s ro un d D o th kno w that dar k mysterio us Gro un d ; For when the Har t with An tlers high B efo re the Ho un ds is fo r ce d to ﬂy ’ A nd see s the Wo o s s k d Ob curity, ear the ase All w y with Ch , H e so oner will resign his Blo o d Than Safety seek in such a Flo o d 3 is n o en e a e It g tl Pl c , A nd thence at time s the blen de d Wave wan a a n s the e n a e Will g i t W lki r v , ’ en o ms o s e n o er Wh St r g blu t ri g , A nd lo athsome Temp est s bickering r ise 4 ea s e e the m o n u e s Till T r b d w ur f l Ski , ’ A n d H eaven s high Thunder s ro ar . ’ But no w again o ur H o pes ar e stay d O n thee fo r C o unsel and for Aid A s yet to thee has n o t been sho wn ’ The s nfu ons e s e n on e i l M t r Dw lli g l , o darest see his o Still, if th u , k F ld , A n d ee e a I will th r p y , A s e e ofo e eas s old h r t r , with Tr ure , es and s o With Rich with twi ted G ld , ’ ’ e er o com st If th u away . 5 4 B E O W U L F .

C T AN O XXI .

’ H US - eo s o S on e es 27 5 Ecg th w b ld r pli , [ 6 ] es a n e m n R tr i thy Gri f, y Chieftai wise ; ’ Tis b etter to avenge a Frien d an ee for his n me End Th w p u ti ly , ’ Ea a s the End o f e s e an ch w it Lif bri f Sp , en e he ma let e e Man Th , whil y, v ry Win o s — s in ea to es W r hip thu D th r t , A s e e fo r a W arriour es v r b t . se a an of the ea m and see Ri , Gu rdi R l , ’ The a e e Grendel s a e o P th wh r M t d th flee. I pledge my Gage he shall n o t take H is n o the ea a e Flight i t dr ry L k , o n a n o o o r ear a e Or M u t i W d , thy C v , a e ns o f the ean a e Or C v r Oc W v , Wherever he may fl ee ; But tho u this D ay thy S o rrows brave ” A s I expe ct o f thee . The age d Monarch at the Wo rd ’ ’ n and thank d ea en s m o Spra g up H v ighty L rd, ’ A H o rse with curl d an d flo wi ng Mane ’ Caparison d with Bit and R ein The sa e e mo n s and him b g Chi f u t , with right, his o n dr ous e e Each with p Shi ld b dight, A Tro o p o f Hero es wen d ’ r t e o o - n s seen as o er Wide a e h ir F t pri t , The spreading W o ld an d murky Mo o r n Their Step s the W arrio ur s b e d . n Eschere A nd o f their kin dre d Tha e f , ’ W ho Hrothgar s C astle strong H ad e s mo s no o en ba e r t t bly h ld , r

The lifeless Fo rm alon g . Athwart the stony Nesses grey Th n e o s e a e pri c ly Y uth r p ir, Their strange and solitary W ay

5 6 B E O W U L F .

’ Nor e er s a ba le e e a a n h ll tt th r g i , ’ For D eath has clo s d his Eyes all his o e to n u e s o n Of P w r i j r h r , ’ C o se ress d his es ea - s s n l p , Fl h with B r prit to r , ’ ’ e ho ok d a re ss d an d o n Cru lly , h rd p w r , ’ on the esse s a n a n Up N M rgi dr w , The o n o s o n s e w dr u M t r lies . e o n o w his mo B wulf , Ar ur dight e ess o f e e a es for R ckl Lif , pr p r Fight H is on e s of am e e ir V t pl Siz , I n o o s o o f a e e C l ur wr ught f ir D vic ,

That .well kn ew ho w from h o stile Swo rd

l ‘ The es a e s the ones to a Fl h th t b d B w rd, ’ That War s dire Clutch n or Grasp o f Wrath ’ The ea e s e m e e s a e W r r Lif ight v r c th , B eneath the Wave s mu st w end The a - oo the e e m a s a ns M il h d whit H l th t tr i , eas e an d o a ns With Tr ur rich , wr ught with Ch i , s o enea the a e a ns Mu t g b th w t ry Pl i , e e the a o s len Wh r d rk Bill w b d . ’ as ma e o s o o f a s o f o Tw rv ll u W rk D y Y re, S et the ma e o f the o a with I g B r, That n either Bran d n o r warlike Knife 2 ’ e to the e o s e Might bit hurt H r Lif , N or was the Aid of small Exten t ’ Which Hrothgar s Orato r had lent ; e a e of an en ame A hilt d Bl d ci t F , ’ A nd H runtin was a eas e s ame g th t Tr ur N , ’ H ar den d o o the ee -e with Bl d, St l dge keen ’ With poison d Twigs had stain ed b een ’ ’ n e e d eceiv d a o o ran It r , th t g dly B d, The ef who e e in an Chi wi ld d it H d, A nd dar e d to seek in bold Emprize The Station of his En emies ; A nd this was not its ﬁrst E ssay ’ ee s o f m s and a e l At D d Ar B ttl s P ay . ’ But Ecglaf s crafty S on fo rgat ’ W a oas s en drunk n in all he sat h t B t , wh H , 5 7 C A N T O X X I .

and a e his s an H e made, g v tru ty B r d ’ Int o a n obler Warriour s Hand . da e n o t a e e Himself he r d B ttl brav , s win enea the a e No r Wo r hip b th W v ,

fe an d o ee a e e . Risk Li , l rdly D d chi v T o Ho no ur thus an d m artial Fame Fo r aye he fo rfeite d his Claim N ot so the o ther when b e dight

To dare the Dangers of the Fight .

C ANTO XXII . [ 2945 ] ’ Ec theéw s S on the Geatic an e HEN g , Th , Addressed : Brave Kin sman o f H ealfden e o n e o f Men of o n se ee G ld Pri c , C u l d p , m B ethin k thee and thy Pro ise k eep . A s to aid ee in ee I , th thy N d , G o fo rth to dare a ve nturo us D ee d ; A n d if in e en e die , thy D f c I , ’ D o o a a e s a e s th u F th r Pl c upply , r o m P tect y Follo wers brav e . But sen d I pray thee safe ly back Unto my Lo rd great H igelac The s o n Gift thy B u ty gave . ’ That H rethel s S on thereby may see i e a e met in ee A l b r l Chi f I th ,

“ a s o f n s and eas e o o d L vi h Ri g Tr ur g , A n d se o un e u d thy B ty whil I co uld . ’ ' A nd see to H unferth s Hand re sto red The Relic old his waved Swo rd 1 S o har d of Edge withall ; A n d by the Blade of H runting I Will Wor ship win and Hon o ur high ” e se in a le ll Or l B tt fa . H e sa n o r o an n s e e id, w uld A w r bid , ’ ear ess lun d n o the e But f l p g i t Tid , ’ 2 A n d fo r a a s -VVhile s he D y truggled , 5 8 ~ B E O W U L F .

fo e the o om he mo e see B e r B tt t . The gree dy Fien d b en eath that dwelt T he n of the a e s fe Stirri g W t r lt, A nd knew that o f the S on s of Man Some darin g Stranger so ught to gain ’ he o a fo r a en s an T Sp t, th t C tury Sp ’ H ad o wn d her m an d r gri g eedy Reign . u o a s the e the ons e a Q ick t w rd Chi f M t r dr ws, A nd as s him in her o a some a s gr p l th Cl w , Yet can she n ot prev ail ’ The n o e Warr o ur s es to e a bl i Fl h t r, Fo r roun d him in his H awberk fair 3 I n on o of a me W a e Ir l ckt ch r d r , N o r can her l o athsome Nail Avail to gain an Entran ce there n h Or p e etrate t e Mail . en to the o es e s e e Wh l w t D pth th y dr w, The She -w o lf bare the W arrio ur true Unto her drear Ab o de ’ A n d tho w rathfull was his oo , full M d, H e might not wield his Weapo n go o d ’ Up on his wat ry R o ad F o r m any a Mon ster him o pprest A nd as h s am u so e s es , e w , f ll r di tr t, The e n - ﬁ ends the ef assa Oc a Chi il , A n d e W ar- s s a e his a with th ir tu k br k M il , ’ — A n d press d him so re the Warriour go o d ’ Perceiv d at length that safe he sto o d 4 wot n o t in a a of a e I wh t H ll B l , m n t him assa Where Wate r ight o il , No r fo r the o e n of the a e , C v ri g Pl c , ’ Inv olve him in the Flo o d s embrace With sudden VV helm : a Fire -light there C ast ro un d a bl an k an d paly Glare 5 The mighty She -wolf o f the Place ’ so o n e e e and s a a e H e p rc iv d, ru h d p c , is ea n in his an H W p o H d, l his o he swan With s ta wo rth A rm Sw rd g,

6 0 B E O W U L F .

’ a ns o n and e to o se the Wa G i t P i t Edg cl y, ’ A n d fe to a in a e s D a Li gu rd B ttl y, a n an e o n she n o ne Th t E tr c f u d . A nd now the Geatic Champion b rave ’ ’ H ad erish d n ea the s o m a e p th t r y W v , But that his iro n C o rselet go o d ’ 8 H is te m er d a e et s o p b ttl N , with t o d ; A n d o GO D who es o n h ly , rul high, a s at the o Aw rd will Vict ry, D n GO inﬁ itely wise . ’ The n o f H eav n e e the Ki g b h ld Fight, A nd gave D ecision for the right With easy Spring an d Mo vement light 9 The Chief doth th erefo re rise .

CANTO XXIII. [ 31 1 3] ’ H EN saw he midst the treasure H oard A n old o o s E6 en o r vict ri u t Sw d, ’ o o f e the Warrio ur s e D ughty Edg , Prid , All o the r Weapon s it o utvie d But weightier far than human Han d Of o th er Mo rtal might comman d ’ By giant Fo rge of old twas wrought ’ o o and we for a s ea o . G d, ll ﬁt W r dr d Sp rt The S cylding Hero in D espair e e the a ea on a S iz d by Hilt th t W p f ir, ’ A n d brandish d a o n it r u d, A n d ther withall so an s ake e gry tr , The n s a o n her e a e B o e r u d N ck it br k , ’ A n d thro the Flesh its Way did make n he o n She sank up o t Gr u d . ’ Th ol e o d his o to see e S di r j y W rk , ’ Th o o leam d a an e blo dy Sw rd g g ll tly, A nd o n e e s o ne a r u d th r h Light, A s when serene upon the Sky ’ l n Shines Heaven s Ca dle bright . 6 1 C A N T O X X I I I .

the o se the e o so Th en ro un d H u H r ught , ’ the a in ass d Along w ll Fury p , n in is an he a His Weapo h H d c ught , A nd by the Hilt ygraspe d fast ; Its Edge was true - O co uld his Hate n e mee an d om en sa e Fo ul Gre d l t, c p t The Ills that he in rude O nslaught n the an s o had o Agai st D i h Y uth wr ught, ' In mo re an o ne A ﬂra th y, ’ When he o f Hrothgar s Vassal s true en in ea e um e s e Fift e p c ful Sl b r l w, A nd in e r ee e o e to o th i Sl p d v ur d , A nd a e him as a es e ft r C ptiv dr w, oa ee and o to do (A l thly D d f ul ), n A s ma y mo re away . Fo r s the e a n en he o n thi Chi ft i , wh f u d The ons e e ess on the o n M t r lif l Gr u d , e s for e e a At r t v r l id, H is hatefull Carcase widely rent A s en his ea o e s s en wh , w ry P w r p t, ’ om H eoro t dis rac d he en Fr g w t , A Vengeance full repaid F or s he smo e the e ess F o e thi t lif l , n o n his o an d the o Swu g r u d Sw rd, , with Bl w, ’ ’ S ever d the Mon ster s H ead . so o ns o se a e M en an d a e Eft th g d gr v , ’ a watch d t o a the a e Th t wi h Hr thg r by W v , Perceive d the Tumult of the Flo o d A nd the dark crimso n H ue o f Blo o d en s a e the o a o o e a n Th p k h ry Tr p th ir P i , ’ ’ That they ne er ween d to see again Their Chief return from o ut the Main a El te with Victo ry . For the sad Sign s were all to o plain That the grim S ea-wolf him had slain enea h B th t e sto rmy S ea . At No on - day from their cliffy Stan d e e the a an S c ldin an R tir d v ll t y g B d, 6 2 B E O W U L F.

A nd s at ea t the n of M en , ick H r , Ki g Departed to his Guests again A nd left them by the Me er ; With Eyes intent up on the Main ’ ’ They wish d but little hop d again T o see e e a n th ir Chi ft i dear. Now ass n ma ve o s to sa , p i g r ll u y, The go ry Bran d to wane away 2 In a e - o s e an B ttl dr p b g , e sol n I ce me e en Lik vi g , it lt d, wh ’ The a e o o se n e s a n F th r l th Wi t r Ch i , The e ea o who o e n tru Cr t r , d th r ig ’ O er mes and easons o a Ti S , d th gain 3 Unwin d the Wav e - ro pes that the Main Co nfi ne n e n withi th ir Spa . ’ The e ta n of the e s tho e Chi f i G at , th re e e man eas es an d fa W r y Tr ur rich ir, ’ Fro m o ut the salvage Monster s H oarde Nought save the Helmet bare away A n d Pommel o f the mighty Swo rd B edecke d with Gems an d Treasures gay The a e o f s e ro n o o Bl d , twi t d I g d, Already had liquifi ed ’ 4 S o hot the p oison ou s D emon s Blo o d ’ a nea its e had e Th t th Edg di d . 5 The e the VV ar- a o f his o es Chi f, f ll F , Now soon up o n the Waters ro se ; l e the len n a e Al purifi d b di g W v , ’ ’ Neath who se wide -cavern d Space H er Life the salvage D emon gave o That Creature f ul and base . mm n s o n his e in an Then swi i g tr g, Priz H d, ’ h S eamen s e a n o mes to an T e Chi ft i c L d, ’ Abundantly rej o icing o er n The mighty Burthe that he b o re . r n the an e s the o to mee Quick a Th Y uth t , o o s the e o ee A nd j y u ly H r gr t , Thankful to GO D that they him fo und

6 4 B E O W U L F .

CANTO XXIV.

V HEN spak e the S on of Ecgtheéw ; [ 3300] ’ ’ H ealfden e s o S on the S c ldin s n b ld , y g Ki g , A Tok en o f R ej o icin g n o w s o of the eas w Thi Tr phy S e bring . I s carce with Life b en eath the S ea e e a ee o f al Achi v d th t D d Chiv ry, Yet a e the a o s did I d r rdu u Fight, A n d ma e a a l the a se o f d v i C u Right, F or G O D m e has een y Shi ld b , Yet not with Edge o f H runting bright e a in the a e m Pr v il I B ttl ight , ’ Tho o o a ea o n g d th t W p keen . ’ But Mankin d s Rule r gran te d me Hanging upon the Wall to see A vast and ancient Bran d ll oft en e s e a e a H e (Fu wh d p r t , h th en me a n an L t guidi g H d,) A n d with that go o dly W e ap on I ’ a e ain d a o H v g happy Vict ry, 1 A n d s a n as me as on a e l i , Ti Occ i g v h ee e s o f the ea a T e K p r d dly C v e . en the s e a e en Th quick twi t d Bl d up br t , S o hot the Blo o d up o n it spren t ; ’ ’ But from my slaughter d Fo es I v e rent This Hilt an d bring to yo u e r mes a e met e r n s men Th ir C i h v th i Pu i h t , The ea - a e o f the an e s is s en D th pl gu D h t , A was o s an s b th ju t d due . A nd n o w o ma e s ro m se ee th u y t, I p i th , ee s a e e ss in o o a Sl p c th l thy g dly H ll , ’ all e o es o m an With thy H r C p y, With yo un g and old thy People all ’ Nor need st o ea as e o th u f r, hith rt , C e a n o f the S c ldin s e O hi ft i y g tru , ‘ 6 5 C A NT O x x 1 v.

That from that Quarter deadly Pest ’ W rrio urs es Again will break thy a R t . ’ Then in the ho ary W ar riour s Han d ’ l c d a o f an en an Was p a th t Hilt ti t Br d, Erewhile by Giants fashion ed ; n s who e e n ea The Fie d h ld it b i g d d , 2 This Wo rk by Won der- smiths y- cast ’ Unto the Danish Chieftain pass d When the grim-hearte d Murther -ﬁ end ’ A nd his o D am e e resi n d f ul th ir lif g , ’ It came at length to be po ssess d ’ him o f s o s n s the bes By , thi W rld Ki g t , W ho liberal of his Wealth did reign

In ee en-i ean s a n S d g twixt Oc tw i . The age d W arrio ur bent his Eye on a o of mes one b Up th t W rk Ti g y, W hereon o f old were ston e d The o es o f a o n es ea S urc th t C t t dr d, ’ When the deep Ocean s whelming Flo o d 3 e om th a the an Sw pt fr e E rth gi t Bro o d . ’ — B oldly they warr d that salvage H o rde ’ ens om th e e n a o d Of Ali fr t r l L r , ’ Who e en e a the en ean e due r p id V g c , A n d in th n e whelmi g Waters slew. ’ " as a so o n the a e o Tw l Surf c t ld, ’ e chas d on the r n o W ll up vi gi G ld, I n n e e s a Ru ic L tt r t ught , ’ Fo r o m s o o o arra d wh thi g dly Sw rd, y r ea e and a n a e With w th d Hilt w vi g Bl d ,

H ad thus at ﬁrst b een wro ught . en s the S on o f H ealfden e s a e Th thu p k , e none a o n the en e a e Whil r u d Sil c br k , Now ma the e of man ea s y Chi f y Y r , Who r and a m n s e s T uth Right d i i t r , A n d e emem e s a s o ne w ll r b r D y g by, ’ H is o un s ar an es C try Gu di , t tify, 5 That thi s go o d Earl was b or n to be The lo e of o n F w r W rth a d Chivalry . K 6 6 B E O W U L F.

o m n o e r en Thy Gl ry high , y bl F i d, ’ D o th n o w thro ever y Lan d exten d I n Wisdom grave an d patient Might o ea es all ame a Th u b r t thy F right, A n d no w shall w ell p erfo rme d be The om se a e ee Pr i th t I plight d th , A n d on o o s s a o u r e n l g pr piti u h lt th ig , ’ The o a e of eo e s a n S l c thy P pl P i , ’ ’ Thy W arrio ur s Aid in B attles Plain ’ 6 Full o th er t o Ecgw ela s Kin e e H er eméd e ame Fi rc b c , ’ ’ Not as twas wish d that he had been ’ A n H on our t o the S cyldings Name ’ on the an es he so e re ss d But D r ly p , s a e n a e a e - es A l ught ri g Pl gu , Murth r p t , The e ss ef in sa a e o o ruthl Chi lv g M d, ’ ’ e e en his o se o o m a e s lo o Sh d H u h ld C r d B d, Un til from human Joys at last ’ one an d r en e ss fo he ass d Al f i dl rth p , Though him had GO D all go o d an d great ’ ’ o e s ess n s r ac d With P w r Bl i g g , A nd by A chiev es o f arduo u s Weight ’ ’ O n mid o a s lac d high M rt l p , Yet grew there still his Breast within A savage S o ul o f Blo o d an d Sin ; No r did he Rings unto the Dane I n o a o n e r y l B u ty giv , ’ e r m a e ra d ama n But, whil g i B ttl g i , ’ is eo e s ear r se an d ane H P pl w y Cu B , ’ nm d and o e ss U ov j yl live . From him d o tho u a W arnin g take —7 Thi s S ong o f th ee in A ge I make ’ is ass n on o s to e o r T p i g w dr u r c d, 8 H o w mighty G O D in C o un sel bro ad D oth to the Son s o f M en assign r s o r an or o ne Lo d hip , L d, Th ught divi Awhile he letteth wan de r free ’ - o n an s am o s o e s A high b r M biti u P w r ,

6 8 F B E O W U L .

A nd as e s n s and n fa ls w t d i k , dyi g i , no e en s ee s A th r th ucc d , A nd all unmo urning deals abroa d ’ H is e e esso s an en o a Pr d c r ci t H rd, N ’ or Fear s Remo n stran ce heeds . O l dear Be owulf keep from thee a a e Sin Th t b l ful , Cupidity ; ea e o e in s om ma e Gr t Chi f, thy Ch ic Wi d k , A nd everlasting C o un sel take ’ C are not for Pride - tho no w thy Might e in o o ws Awhil Gl ry bl , ne ss or o in e es e Sick Sw rd f ll D pit , soons o s m s o se Eft thy T il u t cl , ’ e o n ame or a e s sma D v uri g Fl , D gg r rt, elm n o o o r n a Or wh i g Fl d, ﬂyi g D rt, A e of s e o to see Or g A p ct f ul , Or the false Glan ce of Treachery Shall darken and beleaguer thee ea in an ne e e o D th u xp ct d H ur, ’ - ea W arrio r s a o er o e . Gr t u , h ll thy Might p w r ’ ’ ’ Thus had I r ul d n eath H eav n s broad Sp ace For man ea s the n - ane a e y Y r Hri g D R c , A nd m a s o and ea , by y W r with Sw rd Sp r, ’ Caus d em no e o n ar to ea th Trib E th f r, ’ ’ That neath the Sun s bro ad Circuit I ’ R eck d n ot of any Enemy S o therefo re o n my Heritage ’ e ses ame an d o ne s a e R ev r c F rtu R g , T o o s ee e e W o e J y ucc d d bitt r , n en e ame the an en Fo e Whe Gr d l c , ci t , My C ountry to invade ’ A nd fo r this Visitation s B ane Full sore Distress and harro wing Pain ’ Upon my Spirit pr ey d . Then Than ks to the Eternal Lo rd ’ That I have liv d to see ’ The Head with Battle - dro p s begor d

Of my old Enemy . 9 C A N T O X X V. 6

No w e e o e to ea de a th r f r thy S t p rt, A nd eas ee a o ea F t th with j yful H rt, n e in War High dig iﬁ d , A n d Wealth a Store full rich and vast Shall to o ur commo n Ho ar d be cast ’ n n a r u aw Whe Mo r sh ll o e s dr . I n gladso me Mo o d the valiant Ge at ’ so on re sum d his an e - sea Right B qu t t, ’ E en as the se e a e and en wi Chi f b d , th Aroun d was quickly heard again ’ Among the Palace -guests r eno wn d ’ The o e o f en s s en o n V ic Fri d hip g tle S u d . ’ The Night-helm o er them dusky gro ws The oo d om an a o se g ly C p y r , ’ The e -ba e a o e gr y ir d Chi f, with L b ur tir d, ’ T s e hi o e k s C o uch s R e st desire d . ’ The Ge at his Wi sh fo r him express d 1 meas e ess a es Of ur l ly h ppy R t , A n d so on the Thane whose busy Care o e all n s an d a Pr vid d thi g ﬁt f ir, ’ a se e a a an a o s ee s Th t rv g ll t S il r N d , Fo rth from the Hall re spectful leads The far-come Angle Chief away ’ Tir d with the Labo urs of the D ay. ’ ’ ’ Neath high- arch d R oof ado rn d with G o ld T he no e e o s m er n lie bl Chi f d th lu b i g , Until the palid Raven told In bo ding Cry b oth blith e and bold ’ That Heaven s pride the Sun was high The sa a e Warriours as e ama n lv g h t i , The Chieftains seek their B an ds again 2 The Geatic Chief o f daring Min d o f r a hi n W uld a way s Vessel bi d . ’ Then Ecglaf s Son the H e ro bade ” H runtin e e e his o e a e g r c iv , l v ly Bl d H e an e him fo r the o an o he th k d L , qu th , H is W arrio ur-friend he to o k to be ’ Well skill d in W ar and valiant too 7 0 B E O W U L F .

A nd a s a ene o s an e o do , g r u Th w uld , H e spake n ot o ne complaining W o r d a n s the em r o f h r Ag i t T pe t e Swo d . ’ When ready arm d fo r j o urn eying The W arriours ere the fEthelin w , g n o the o an es r e r ea s U t w rthy D t t , W e e o a r o sa e h r r y l H thgar t , 4 A nd thus the n o ble W ar - beast greet s The n s n r a Da i h Mo arch g e t .

CANTO XXVI . [ 36 30] EO WULF s a e en o we p k At l gth w uld , The far - ome an ere s o f the S ea c W d r , o ose to ma e o ur o a e a Pr p k V y g b ck ,

A nd see o ur o ea H i elac . k L rd, gr t g ’ ’ e as o H o stshi s aws observ d W ll h t th u p L , ’ ’ E en as we wo uld have we b een serv d A nd e et o n a m a if whil y E rth I y, ea o of M en in an wa Gr t L rd , y y, ee s of W ar so e e n By D d thy v r ig Will, o e an as et a e M r th y I h v , fulﬁll, A nd sho uld I hear acro ss the Sea a e bo s ea and a ass ee Th t N igh ur thr t h r th , ’ A s whilome a e a e s a h v thy H t r d r d, ’ en be re ar d Th quickly will I p p , ’ A n d bring of Thanes in Ar ms array d n A tho usan d Hero es to thi e Aid . e wot H i elac o se a W ll I , g , wh Sw y The Geatic an smen all o e Cl b y, ’ ’ Tho o n his eo e s e e be y u g P pl Sh ph rd , In o an d ee n s me W rd D d will fur i h , That well I may thin e H on o ur fair a n a n an d to o ea M i t i , thy Succ ur b r an e the e e o f m My L c Sc ptr y Might , es fo r h W hen M en tho u n ee d t t e Fight . ’ A nd H réthrinc his e s he e er , if St p

7 2 B E O W U L F .

A re s o ess as in an n p tl , cie t Days. The n e of a s et e m Pri c E rl y furth r o re, The n smen of ealfdene Ki H , e e eas e s on his es o Tw lv Tr ur Gu t did p ur, en a e em s ee em on e Wa Th b d th p d th th ir y, I n Peace their Frien ds a Visit pay A n d e rn a a n quick r tu g i . The S c ldin e the ona y g Chi f, M rch high, o o in his a o G d f ir N bility, ’ en kiss d the o ane Th w rthy Th , H is e in a m he emb a N ck W r th did r ce, ’ ’ While on the grey -bair d Hero s Face The ea s of e are s T r Gri f een . was mo e e an s n h Aught r lik ly th , ( i ce e W as no w n m and old i fir ,) a e s o mo e ea o e Th t th y h uld r ch th r see, A n d on e en es o C f r c h ld . ’ S o well he lo v d the gentle Thane That he in n o wise might restrain 2 The ten der B o som- fl oo d ; ’ But lo ng d in se cret fo r his Guest 3 ’ Fast in his Spir its -bo nds po ssess d ’ 4 Who warr d h M en o f wit Blo o d . e o en e o o B wulf th c with G ld full pr ud, a his reas e - oa Gl d with T ur H rd, Al ong the grassy M eado w s tro d T o e e his Sea - o n a o e wh r b u d Ship b d , A nd safe s at n o o d e ly till A ch r r , n fo r h A s waiti g er Lord . A nd as a o n e o se e , l g th ir C ur th y fly, ’ Great Hrothgar s Liberality ’ With Praises oft g o o er n was he o f ame ess e n A Ki g bl l R ig , ’ ’ Till lengthen d Age had from him ta en o f o er to man a ane The Jo ys P w , y Th one e o e A s it hath d b f r . C ANTO XXVII .

H EN came th ere to the o cean Sho re man a a an B achelour Full y v li t , ’ ’ A nd ev ry Her o onward pac d ’ 1 ’ In chain -lo ck d iro n Limb - sark eas d ; ’ The a s e r n the an - a s e E rl R tu L d w rd pi d, A s oft he had e o e b f r , ’ A nd from the Ness s Ridge s wide W n o un o eo s ee n e ith c urt u Gr ti g pli d, o to mee the es s e But f rth t Gu t did rid , ’ A nd a e em e om e o er the e b d th w lc Tid , h Unto t e Ge atic Sho re . ’ ’ f ﬁ hen o n the Her o es b ent the ir W ay ’ 2 T o e e the sea - ar e sse la wh r ch d V l y, ’ The rin d Pro wo n the ran g St d , o o e e s- of-war o n o a With g dly W d B rd, o ses an d a eas e - oa With H r Tr ur h rd, ’ H er lofty Mast in Glo ry soar d ’ ’ O er ro ar s o n ran H thg B u ty g d, ’ Who to the Ve ssel s stur dy Lo r d ’ H ad iv n a - o - o n en wo g rich g ld b u d S rd, a e er af e en Th t v t r th , the a ea - en en he sat At g y M d b ch wh , A noble Relic such as that for him a Might Wo rship g in. Then ho meward in his Vessel he ’ r d the ee o ws o f the S ea U g d p Bill , A n d ef h an s an l t t e D i h L d, 3 e the Seap curtain o n the as Whil , r u d M t, The a so a oa e as S il g ily ﬂ t d, f t n i an Up o ts co rde d B d . ‘ 4 he n er n ea - o o on a o es thu d i g S w d w rd g , No r d o the Win ds its C o urse o ppo se ; ’ O nward the swift Sea -trv ller g o es o am e and o n en o With f y N ck b u d Pr w, 74 E B O W U L F.

Until the Cliffs in view aro se The N esses Geat-lan d that inclose Ma e be e o n e n o w y w ll r c g iz d , ’ Urg d by the Wind the Ve ssel go o d

an o a and on an o . Spr g f rw rd, L d it st o d Then quickly t o the Sho re drew near The e - a his o m an ons ea Hyth w rd, C p i d r ’ Who on had a (1 and on th n l g w tch , e Stra d a e the rn an Aw it d retu ing B d. The n firmly by the Cable true The esse o n the an he e V l S d dr w, ’ es o f Vvave h a n loo L t Might , wit r gi g F d " f an e to re the W nsome “o od Might ch c w ck i , ’ Then bade o f th fEthelings up-b ear h n T e so lid G old a d Trappings fair. No r n ee e W a far s an n d th ir y di t t wi d , e reas e - n n e t fi nd Th ir T ur givi g Pri c o , ’ Fo r H rethel s royal Progen y e wi his e o o Dw lt th H r c urt, ’ u n the Clifls a a the S ea F ll igh th t w ll , n e n o e n was he A pri c ly bl Ki g ,

A nd go o dly was the Fo rt . The yo uthful H ygd in lo fty Hall Wise an d high digniﬁe d ’ ’ ema n tho n e s few in all R i d, Wi t r , ’ ’ n her s B attl a Withi City d W ll, ’ h A s yet had o er er hie d . ’ A nd she was H aireth s a l h ughty Chi d, N en e am o f ea n m o g tl D e B ri g ild, ’ Nor on e that Gifts to o fre ely pour d ’ ut the r as r s am e o a Fro m o T e u e pl H rd , ’ Th ﬁer ce Queen her salvage S o ul within ’ Indulg d her R age in awful Sin ; Not o n e o f all the Hero es there 6 a on s e to a oa o a e Th t M t r ppr ch w uld d r , ’ A nd e en her Lo rd she scarce wo uld bro o k n e in the D a 0 11 her t o o o O c y l k , But wreathe d B o nds o f D eath did she

CANTO XXVIII . [ 3921 ] ’ mar ch d the e a n and his an ORTH Chi ft i b d, 1 ’ The Sea- a n e the ean pl i wid , Oc s San d H e o e m - e s o n n tr d , whil Ge lik h e o high ’ 2 The VV o rld s- am in the so e n l p uth r Sky . ’ n ar e ress d e ar ama n O w d th y p th ir M ch i , e the o W arrio ur n Till th y y uthful Ki g, The e who O n enthe éw had s a n Chi f g l i , ’ The a s r o e o as er a n E rl P t ct r , c t i , Within his fortifie d D o main ’ Was ewel d n s s n j Ri g di tributi g . Now soon to royal H igelac ’ W as n o n B e6 wulf s o n e a k w J ur y b ck, ’ That o er the W ay he came ’ n o his o the W arrio ur s e U t C urt , Shi ld, H is ear om an on in the e d C p i Fi ld, f ’ Safe rom the Battle s Game . I n a en as the ef a n a e H ll th , Chi t i b d , R oom fo r the Guests was quickly m ade ’ on the ea his o wn t a fa Up S t h t c d, ’ ’ om Conflict s T err our s sav d Fr , ’ nsman in on o f n sm an lac d Ki Fr t Ki p , ’ h W ar had bra S at e who v d . ’ A n d H aéreth s ea eo s a er en b ut u D ught , wh With lo fty Spee ch the Kin g of M en H is a f an e had ree e a f ith ul Th g t d f ir, n o e o r s an d a e to ea With bl W d br v h r, ’ en ea the a - o o s e en B th H ll r f wid Ext t, o the o w n ea - s n F rth with fl i g M d ki k went . The Peo ple to her Hear t wer e dear ’ ’ a own d her o s o mman Th t L rd C d, A nd she the brimming Cup wo uld hear ’ To ea o W arriour s an ch pr ud H d . ’ Now e er the Hall th ey can fo rsak e Yo ung H igelac is led 7 7 C A N T O X X V I I I .

of his en to ma e I nquiry Fri d k , (H is Curio sity out- br ake) h d s Of ho w the Geats a ped . a o u ea e o f sa I pr y y , d r B wul , y H o w e e o u the W a it b f ll y by y, When suddenly tho u didst decide ’ To o ss the ean s o am n e cr Oc f i g Tid , A nd see k beyo nd the briny Main ’ ’ The War that rag d o n H eoro t s Plain ’ Didst tho u to noble Hrothgar vail T o rid him o f his well - kno wn B ale ? o e n s a My S ul, with bitt r A gui h fr ught, ’ 3 In S orro w seeth d fo r thee ’ ’ m lov d an e s em o Of y Th Att pt , I th ught,

Full little Go o d wo uld be . ’ A nd pray d thee n ot to dare in Fight ’ 4 The e - emon s sa a e Murth r d lv g Might, But fo r himself to let the D an e

In W ar with Gren del Wo rship gain . an s to G O D a n ow see But Th k , th t I ” Thee safe and so un d return to m e. ’ ’ B e6wulf Ec theéw s rea S o n , g g t , e es e e to m an a o n e R pli My Li g , y ’ Tis kno wn what So rt o f Ev entide Grendel and I together plie d on a fa a a n Up th t t l Pl i , Where to the valiant S cylding s he H ad o en o so e ser ft wr ught r Mi y ,

A nd to their Chieftain Pain . ’ a aven d n or s al be o n Th t I g , h l f u d O ne o f his u se o s c r d H t, ’ In all the o s e e on s o n W rld wid R gi r u d, Unto the l ast that there is fo un d ’ Mid dismal F en s his D en that boun d ’ Of that Night s Fray to bo ast . Then forth unto the high Ring -hall en the n to ree a : I w t , Ki g g t with l ’ H eafdene s great S on full so on did see 7 8 B E O W U L F .

’ Mihd and order d s a f r m My , tr ight o e Be side his S on a S eat ; ’ The o o was o o s n e e Tr p j y u , r did I ’ B eneath the Vault o f H eav n on high Thro ugho ut my Life m o re Revelry

Among C aro users meet . e the no e een o mo e Awhil bl Qu w uld v , ’ The a e of a ons ea e an d o e G g N ti P c L v , o n the s a o us a a re ss Ar u d p ci H ll, dd H er o on s en e ness y uthful S with T d r , ’ A nd e er she sa e he r o n o ft n t d w , bri g ’ ’ T o W arriour s an the o -wreath d n H d g ld Ri g, ’ e ea o s a e a Awhil gr t Hr thgar D ught r f ir, om reaware the e s s a Wh F Gu t did c ll, The fo aming Cup of A le wo uld bear To th o Ea s o o the a l e b ld rl thr ugh ut H l . A nd often to the Heroes brave The - re d Gold gleed like Treasure gave . A nd she in o and o e , Y uth G ld b dight, ’ To Fr éda s happy S on is plight ; Thus hath the Scylding Chief serene ’ F his eo e s e e een ull well P pl Sh ph rd b ,

For by that gentle M aid . H e a for so the a e is o h th, ( T l t ld), Full man y a murtherous Feud and old

At Peace for eve r laid . ’ e -a- da tis so e a e But w ll y, r ly r r ’ Tho nob e be the e an d a l Brid f ir, The ea - an e en a e o e a D th l c , wh P pl f ll , 5 h Long rests in Peace upon t e Wall . Well may the H eatho -beardan Chief ’ A ane ee a and e nd ev ry Th f l Wr th Gri f, 6 W n o of e oe s his e he H p e H r , with Brid , n ne o e a l s all s e The you g Da thr ugh th ir H l h trid , n in the e hear A nd glo ryi g R lic, ’ n -ma ea on a The temper d ri g il W p f ir, ’ The H eathobeardan s Treasure go o d e While they their Arms might wi ld,

8 0 B E O W U L F.

’ A n d Ingeld s Spirit bold o s o f a e o s- en an e e With Th ught Sl ught r u v ge c rif , The Lo ve th at e rst he bare his Wife ’ ’ Mid whelming Care s unhallo we d Strife No w a e w x th chilly cold . Thus H e athobeardan Amity Full lo wly I e ste em No r will th eir kingly Quiet be Firm Peace dev oid of Treachery n h n U to t e Da es I deem . n o w m s e n and s e But u t I r tur , h w ’ The ee s a a n s en e o D d th t I g i t Gr d l wr ught, ’ a o ! eas re - o ma s n o Th t th u , O Tr u l rd, y t k w ’ The a e o f e o e s n F t H r dire O slaught. ’ H eaven s Gem had glide d to her Rest enea the ean ee B th Oc d p , ’ When the foul D em on wrath - po ssess d o us the oa some en - es S ught , l th Ev p t, A s w e o ur W atch did keep 5 ’ A n d his e a n e swa d its oo f ll G u tl t y Sw p , f - o h A Li e bale t t e fated Tro o p . The girde d Hero n ext that lay ’ From Grendel s Te eth in that dread Fray M et the sad Fate of War ; S o on the vo racio u s Mo nste r dre w ’ The lo vely Yo uth s whole Bo dy through w H is darksome hollo w Ma . ’ 6 No t still the Blo o d -to o th d Wretch withall

W o uld empty han ded leave the Hall . ’ Pro ud of his Might he me essay d H is ea a m u o n m e a r dy P l p l id, While huge and strange upon his Han d H is a n e n ro m m s an G u tl t hu g f y tic B d, With dar k D evice s o verwro ught ’ ’ a on s e e s O n Dr g Hid , by D vil Art , A nd me therewith he w o uld h ave slain ’ ess and ee om s a n Guiltl fr fr Evil St i , 7 e eas o n en The vil B t Evil b t, C A N T O X X I X. 8 1 A s many he b efo re had shent ’ ’ Yet s to do o er ass d his thi p Might , en in m a s o o Wh y Wr th I t d upright ,

CANTO XXX .

0 0 on e e the a e to s e l g it w r T l p ll , ’ H ow I this Nation s -curse so fell ’ Fo r all his s r e a d Ill p y , ’ A nd how thy People s Name full well I wo rshipful hav e made H e ﬂ ed o m the ne a r fe fr u qu l St i , ’ A nd thus awhile prese r v d his Life But yet did his right Han d remain ’ ’ O n H eo rot s in san uin d a n g Pl i , Whence do wn cast an d dispirite d ’ enea the ee s a e s he ﬂ ed B th M r d rk D pth , The S cylding Chief my Lab o urs bold e a e e so o R w rd d w ll with lid G ld , ’ ’ A n d eas e en nea Mo n n s R a Tr ur , wh th r i g y W a n e sat t Ba quet Table gay. A nd there was Mirth an d S o ng and Glee ’ A n d th a e S c ldin on a o g d y g M rch b l d, ( A deeply-sear ching M an is he )

R elate d Tales o f D ays o f old . A n d whilo me w o uld the W arrio ur gay ’ o o r the ar s en en n La P ur f th H p liv i g y, l A nd ee the o o s o o gr t j y u W d, e se e a m o rn se Awhil l ct u ful Mu , e a ale o f o n e o o se Awhil T W d r ch , h After t e B an quet go o d . ’ mes the - so ul d ona old At ti high M rch , o n in the a n s o f A e B u d Ch i g , ’ H aran d the o f e o es o g y uth ul H r b ld, The en - Str gth o f Battle rage . ’ H is o so m s o n o o o r se B b ili g Fl d w uld i , A s man n e s se , with right y Wi t r wi , M 82 B E O W U L F .

H e told the Deeds o f Yo re ’ E n ’ e thus the liv elo ng D ay was pass d In ness un at as Mirthful , til l t ’ The se on e o er c d Night dr w , ’ A nd Grendel s D am soon ea , r dy , cast To wreak a Ven gean ce sore ’ F or her so ro broo k d a ill r w , th t D eath A nd We der Hate her S on o f Breath ’ ’ H ad e en de riv d z—she ess p ruthl w ent, A nd in her a e a e o s en R g H r h t, Fo r him i en e a e n v g ful H t , A nd s the a e ef ZEschere thu g d Chi , ’ Ren o wn d fo r s om far and nea Wi d r, e a o hi a D p rte d t s F te . Nor o e ea the an s an c uld th y b r, D i h B d, the e rn Of D a At R tu y, 2 The ea - s en o m to am n n d th p t F r ﬂ i g Bra d, Nor on the Pyr e with friendly Han d ’ e lov d am on l Th ir Ch pi ay . H is C o rse the ﬁendish Mo the r-hag en ea the o n a n - s eam B th M u t i tr did drag. ’ This was to p rin cely H réthgar s H eart O f all his r efs the een es mar G i k t S t . ’ Then by thy Life he pray d of me B eneath the Tumult o f the S ea o ess to e ssa My Pr w y , ’ In o s o r to s m a Gl ry W k ri k y F ll , ’ A nd r omis d e a withall p high R w rd , ’ If e er I came away . ’ en as tis n o n enea the a e Th , k w , b th W v , The K ee pers o f the Ocean - cave o n r r m an d ea in I f u d, ight g i dr d Might ,

A nd hard awhile twixt us the Fight . ’ ’ The o o bo il d o son s en Fl d it with P i Str gth , ’ the a re s e at en But with S b Edg l gth, ’ o n in the ean s o e s ea D w Oc l w t St d , ’ 3 s ea the o ns e o f her ea I h r d M t r H d, A nd thence her salvage Spirit ﬂ ed ;

84 B E O W U L F .

T o Higelac in Vengean ce b old ’ H is e e s ea m ol N ph w H rt did ﬁr ly h d, a was to o e n E ch th r ki d . 3 The - ase o n e eas e too rich ch d W d r Tr ur , The o a fa r a W altheéw C ll r i , th t , a e of r n es es o D ught r P i c , did b t w ’ H e unto H ygd r esign d A nd therewithall three Ste e ds of slight A n d a e o m a e gr c ful F r , with S ddl bright , A nd eas n - o a e Br t with Ri g w rk f ir b dight ,

This may be con sider e d as the C onclu sion o f the s o on of the o em as the o o ﬁr t P rti P , Auth r , with ut e en e nn n a new an o o r n an o e v b gi i g C t , givi g y th r o e to his ea e asse s mme a e to the N tic R d r, p i di t ly ’ n Events o f his Hero s last C onﬂict a d D eath .

’ ’ E en thu s did Ecgtheéw s Offspring bold amo s in ee s of o o w o ld F u D d W rth gr , ’ H e e e rul d men v r with Judg t right, N o r un en o his om a es sm e dr k w uld C r d it , H is Heart j o ye d not in Blo o d 4 Still held the n oble B east - o f-ﬁ ght all an n the ea es Of M ki d gr t t Might, ’ ha a O D bestow d T t Gift th t G . A nd lon g a Pity it sho uld seem The ea s di d n ot his o es eem G t W rth t , N o r o so o of e a se , th ugh w rthy th ir Pr i , Wo uld to the royal Mead - seat raise A s Chieftain o f their B an d ; oft e sa a he was s a Full th y id th t l ck , n e who a A Pri c Spirit high did l ck , ’ n e e ses e a U til R v r dir Att ck, With Wrath o f all kind s came to rack ’ 5 The glory d o f their Lan d . ’ ’ 6 - n Twas then the W ar enn obl d Ki g . ’ ’ The Earls Pro te cto r call d to bring ’ ea H rethel s e fa Gr t R lic ir, ’ Fo r mongst the Geatic Treasure-hoard 85 C A N T O X X X I .

No R elic than that go o dly Swo rd s Mo re glor iou s wa there . The Chieftain o f the G eatic Race n eo s reas a e This o B wulf B t did pl c , A n d gav e into his Han d o a as e n r on e A r y l C tl , ki gly Th 7 A nd seven thou san d Vills to own

H is Lo rdship an d C omman d . B o th Chiefs in dee d had natal Right n o the of M an U t Suit , B ut in the n e o f esse Pri c l r Might, ’ I n a concern d the an e wh t l d d Right, h n T e Line of Hei rship ra . ’ In a e a s a ass d a a ft r D y , th t p w y, W en H i elac all fe ess la h g li l y, O n H eared when the B attle Sword ’ ’ a e nea the e e en es our d B l th Shi ld D f c p , A nd him the W arrio ur - S cylﬁ ngs so ught o o o s f a With vict r Tr p , with Fury r ught , ’ ’ A nd H ereric s b o ld Nephew fam d O f ll ’ 8 a his ho stile Malice tam d . ’ Then the wide Kingdo m s high C o mman d ’ ’ D evolv d o n B e6wulf s an up H d, A n d ﬁfty Years the M on arch sage ’ Pr eser v d e his e a e full w ll H rit g , o ne e an a r a on s a Till b g , D g t rk To ann e in n ar tyr iz Mid ight d k , ' 9 A nd Treasure watchfully to kee p Dispo se d into a se cr et Heap en ea a o n n o n o f one B th fr w i g M u d St , I s n t nethe r Paths to M en unk o wn . o me a n W wot n ot who S d ri g ight , I , n e e an d s ea d e E t r d, [ t lthily with r w , ] But to o k from out the h eath en Lair o en ase in o o r s fa [ A g ld V ] C l u ir, But so on the sin ful Mon ster [ fo un d a e in s a r es o n Th t , whil c ly Ci cl w u d ’ H e d o sed his e e n es cl ] sl pi g [ Ey , 8 6 B E O W U L F .

H is Treasure -h oard had riﬂed b een ] ’ e s raf an d en as s en By thi vi h C t, [ th tw e H o w hi dread] s Wrath did rise .

A C NTO XXXII .

WAS not in Violen ce an d Pride ’ No r by a way- ward Will impell d The wan dering Exile had defie d ’ The the a on s o ar t a e Might Dr g H d h t h ld , ’ a an ane o ress d b a e A v li t Th pp y F t , ’ a e o s S o n m a n o t s a Wh t H r I y y, Who fled the en e o o f a e v g ful Bl w H t , ’ ’ B ut ur d ee s es s ess a , g by N d r i tl Sw y, ' A n unofi ending Man he w en t ’ ’ Within th En closure s dark Extent} ’ The o n the an e rea o [ M u d] Str g r [ d d p ssess d . ] Terror aro se [ within his Breast ] H o wever the unhappy Man

’ O btain d the o en esse a [ g ld ] V l [ g y, ] h eas e ase and ﬂ ed T e Tr ur V , [ Within the C ave were many more eas es as in a s o f o e Old Tr ur , , D y y r , I kno w no t who o f human Kin 3 the ea ea the o n n Hid d r W lth M u d withi , e n an ness and a e Exp cti g Th kful Gr c , as e a o f a n o e a e V t L g cy bl R c , A ll who m dark Death in Ages past H ad s e a a he at as w pt w y , till l t ’ ’ The Peo ple s Chief was likewi se ta en W ho l ongest did on Ear th remain . ’ For mo urning and bereav d the Chief ’ o not to ea a len then d A e S ught r ch g g , ’ H e o n ot on as his e e c uld l g, tw B li f,

Enj o y his pre cio us Heritage . The Mo un d was ready on the Plain

88 B E O W U L F .

’ The City s B arrier -p al e Fo r all m n - a e is s en y livi g R c h t , The Ho st o f kin dr e d S o uls fo r th sent ” 8 B the ea - n y D th deali g B al e . Thu s sad o f Min d the Chief o f o ld B D a and his o rn n e y y Night M u i g k pt, Who e o f all his n sm en o d , r ft Ki b l , o rlo rn an d so a e F lit ry w pt , ’ Till the D eath - flo o d s relentle ss Strength ’ Reach d his d s a e ea at en i tr ct d H rt l gth . 9 The j oyo us H o ard was o p en fo un d ° By the old twilight Pe st} ’ W ho n n see s ea h ar o s o n bur i g k c B r w M u d , ’ e ra o n fi re - en com ass d r o n F ll D g p u d, ’ H is - fli ht as he r é ss d Night g p . The dwellers o f the Lan d of old ’ 11 Him [ fearfully o bserv d ] e e se man n er s o Wh r , wi with y Wi t t ld H e the vast H o ar d o f Heath en G o ld 12 Useless to him pre ser ve d . Thr ee -hun dred Years the mighty Pe st ’ ’ I n the a s o so m ere o sse ss d E rth B th p , No w rea an d m ro n withall g t ighty g w , 13 r n s a o s r eas re - a A ce tai p ci u T u h ll, ’ Till on e his Ange r n er v d : Fo r to his o wn liege Lo r d he b ro ught The so o f o en are lid Cup g ld W , A nd C o ven ant of Pardo n so ught ’ H is L o rd the wr etche d Exile s Pray e r ’ an e w en marv llin he e e Gr t d , h g b h ld

The won dr o u s Wo r k o f Men o f Eld . S o on as the Drago n wa s awake r o s ra an e o ut - a e H is fu i u W th w br k , 14 h o the e n he e A ro un d t e R ck Sc t pli d , ’ n d so o n the ran er s e s e s e A St g St p d cri d , W f r se re A r t had ﬂ ed ho o th by c t , ’ M n r Passin g b e side the o ste s Head . ’ Thus then may o ne n ot d o o m d to die N X 9 C A T O X X I I . 8 Scape W o e and Dange r easily ’ h O D S a e o a n If e G Gr c bt i , Aro un d the Land the Ho ard -ward swept ﬁ nd the M an who e he s e To , whil l pt,

H ad wro ught him grievous B ane . ra n n and e e n en With gi g Mi d ﬁ rc I t t,

Aroun d abo ut his Heap s he went . ’ The o a a e ex amin d o n utw rd Sp c r u d , A nd n o M an in the ese o n D rt f u d, o n W ar and o s o f But , l vi g H ur Fight , ’ Beto o k him to the B arro w s Height V H is V ealth- to e o e cup xpl r , But fo un d that some one o f Mankin d ’ H is en o had chanc d to ﬁ nd hidd G ld , H 1 5 is lofty Treasure Sto re . Scarce wo uld the Keepe r o f the H o ard ai en ame Aw t till Ev c , ’ 1 6 ’ the o n - a e s n e soa High M u d w tch r A g r r d, ’ ’ H is precio us Vessel s Lo ss he sco r d

T o pay with raging Flame . 1 7 en D a as he e s e was one Wh y, d ir d, g , ’ N ot o n he sta d the o n on l g y M u d up , ’ furnish d a ea o f e But, with Br th Fir , H e n e fo r we d d th in ﬂaming I re . Full dread at ﬁrst the O n slaught b o re o n the e o e ra e Up P pl b v , ’ Even as er e the W ar was o e r Upon their Prince it en ded so re W ho eas t m Tr ure o the gave .

CANTO XXXIII .

HEN soon the D emon fo ul began T T o s o a in e pit f rth r g g Fir , T o n the e n s of M n bur Dw lli g bright a , ’ Forth sto o d the flaming Torch s B an o m na on Ab i ti dire . 90 B E O W U L F . 1 The l oath some Flyer o f the Air ’ Wo uld e en n o living Creature spare ’ The ra on s W ar was seen ea D g full cl r, H is sa a e a e far and n ear lv g M lic , 2 H o w the VV ar - scathe the Geatic State ’ O r e ss d W ar an d o s a pp with furi u H te . B ack to his H o ar d e re Dawn of D ay A n d se re a he en his W a c t H ll b t y, When he the Pe o ple o f the Lan d I n Flame had wra pt with Fire an d Bran d ; H e s e in his o n tru t d M u d, H is a e a s his o f an b ttl d W ll , Might H d, a se his o es he o n Full f l H p f u d . An on to B e6 wulf was kn o wn a ee s of T e rr o ur had een o ne Wh t D d b d , ’ H is o me the W ed e rs f - one h , high Gi t Thr ’ Of Palaces m o st fair ar ray d ’ Midst Wav es of Flam e in A sh e s laid ’ A n d thi s the go o d Man s angry B r east ’ O f all W ar - orr o s mo s o r ess d S w t pp , ’ ’ E e n the wise Mo n ar ch ween d that he ’ H is er a indul d to o free bitt Wr th g , e o n a an en a s a o r B y d wh t ti t L w cc d, ’ a n s o en e the ern a o G i t Pr vid c } Et l L rd , With dar k an d murmuring Tho ughts within ’ — H is o so m bo il d s o s ere sin . B , uch Th ught w ’ The fiery D rago n had o e r thro ’ A nd a s his eo e s as e o wn c t P pl C tl d , ’ T he C o untry s Fo rt with flaming B r an d ean e s o fro m o ut the n H ad cl d tr ye d La d . ’ Fo r this the W eder s warlik e Kin g

Taught him what W o es Re ve nge can bring . ’ ’ The Lo r d o f E arl s the W a rrio urs Aid H ad then a Shield all Iro n made I n a on beautiﬁ e d Bl z , F o r well he kn ew that w o o den Shield No e in s a m y e H lp uch Fight ight i ld,

W o o d may no t Flame abide .

92 B E O W U L F.

Where Hygd unto him did pro p o ne n s eas es o a an d one Ri g , Tr ur , R y lty, Thr , ’ She tho ught n ot gainst O utlan ders b old ’ H er o n his a e s o n S F th r Thr e c o uld h o ld . now o H i elac was on e But , th ugh g g , The R emnant of his Peo ple co uld In no o ne Thing prevail up o n The e a n ene o s an d o o Chi ft i g r u g d, ’ Himself o er H eardre d Lo rd to make r his o wn the n o m Or fo Ki gd take . But by his frien dly C o unsel he ’ M aintain d his o no o o s H ur j y u ly, ’ Till he maturer A ge attain d ’ ’ h - e h r n A nd o er t e Wede r G ats e eig d . ’ Fo r him o er S ea the S on s o f Wrath The en of O htere en o Childr w t f rth , ’ e had the S c lﬁ n n e o ress d Th y y g Pri c pp , all the ean - n s the es Of Oc ki g b t, W ho in the Swio - land his G old e as a efta n o Divid d, Chi i b ld This was a Sign of Fear ’ ’ A nd H igelac s bold S o n r eceiv d ’ o n a him of fe bereav d A W u d th t Li , ’ 11 n s of the a Mid Swingi g Se r . Then home the S o n o f O ngentheéw ’ R urn d n o w H eardred la lo et , y full w ; The Throne and regal State H e e B e6wulf to ma n a n l ft i t i , ’ i A n d o er the Geat c R ealm to reign . n That was a Mo arch great .

CANTO XXXIV.

’ E o f the Peo ple s Ruin fell ’ The sad e s s r emember d e l R ult w l , A nd afterwar ds did Friendship sho w o d il i s e s n W T Ea g ls n Di tr s a d oe . C A N T O X X X I V . 93

’ O er the wide Sea with C oh o rt fair W ar an d mamen With Ar t , 1 e o the ffs n o f Ohtere St pt f rth O pri g , ’ Eo re d him the Jo urney cold o f C are} H is o a s en r y l Spirit p t, The S on of Ecgtheow at la st H ad every Evil safely p ast ’ O f s e a e s a an ee s lipp ry B ttl v li t D d , ’ Till gainst the Dragon he pro cee ds

O ne ess D a . I n n er ea luckl y A g dr d, By twelve brave Youths accompani e d ’ The mon ster Dragon s Rage t o meet e n h o a e D parted the t e r y l G at . Fo r he had ea ho w r o se the e h rd F ud, The W ar - curse that his Hero e s ru e d H ad come unto his Bo som blan d The eas e e sse s een Tr ur V l h , ’ o a n a ra o s an Thr ugh th t u h ppy T it r H d, ’ Who fo rm d the een o f the an thirt th B d, A nd of the Turmo il in the Lan d The Origin had been Who W o e- e o ne in a e a n , b g c ptiv Ch i , ’ s o n as ea em o er the a n . Mu t, d w c t, l d th Pl i ai ns his he en he Ag t Will w t, till The on e a -o f- ea m see l ly H ll rth ight , e a n a o n ea the o e Subt rr i B rr w r Sh r , ’ the o s a e o er Which wild Bill w b ttl , A nd which within was richly sto re d ’ With wire-chas d o rnamental Ho ar d The sa a e a e er e and old lv g W rd r, ﬁ c , ’ ’ e nea the a his tr easur d o H ld th E rth G ld, A nd no Man at an easy Fate

That Treasure mo te appro priate . 3 The War- a n e the Ge atic ane h rd Pri c , Th , sea e on the ess ema n Did t d N r i , 4 A nd to his Hear th - co mpanions true en e a e a eu Full t d rly b d di , His Mind in sad and wan dering State 9 4 B E O W U L F .

5 A nd ready D eath to meet ; 6 No w measurelessly n ear was Fate a m s the o ld M an e Th t u t gr et, 7 H is Spirit -treasure p enetrate A nd Life fro m B o dy separate The Prin ce n o t long his Life shall hold ’ 8 n o se n th s o I cl d withi e Flesh F ld . ’ s s a e B e 6wulf Ec theéw s S o n Thu p k , g 1 in m o o ft a e n o wn , y Y uth , full h v k , ’ I n o o s me s the a e s e tr ubl u Ti , B ttl Sw ll s c n em m w All thi I a r e ber ell . Fo r seven Winters o ld was I W en the ear e a n of the an h d Chi ft i L d, o o f the Geatic reas L rd T ury, ’ ’ Receiv d m e from my Father s Han d. ’ n H rethel me maintain d and a e Ki g , g v

M e Tr easures rich a nd Banquets brave . ’ F o r be e s e e n r e s T e r p ct d Ki d d y , N or ess e o e o f him was l b l v d I , W arriour l n his as es a (A C tl f ir, ) an e en his o wn re n e e Th v Child w r , ’ an H aethc n H er ebald or e en Th y , ,

My o wn dear H ig elac has b een . ’ F or th elde st was the Murther-bed ’ n sman s ee n seem s ea By Ki D d u ly pr d, Since H aethcyn his b elo v ed Lo rd 9 ’ W ro om the B ow orn o ith Ar w fr h g r d, ss n his a o n e ess ro e Mi i g M rk , luckl B th r

With blo o dy A r ro w sh ot the o ther. A F eud thus crimin ally m ade l ’ With Mon ey co uld n ot be al ay d . ’ Right sad was H r ethel s weary Heart ; Still must the Prince fro m Life depart un a en —so sad an d di1 e All v g d, A Sight i t i s to age d Sire o hear his o f S o n to see T , y uth ul 1 0 Riding upo n the Gallow s - tree ’ A n d he mu st sing his S orrow s Lay

9 6 B E O W U L F .

A nd e e o se who o ne s a l ft, (lik th F rtu w y, ) ’ H is on s his o n an d n om s S T w Ki gd Might, ’ n o m his f h Whe fr Li e e pass d away . ’ A nd then the Sweed s and Geats b etween W as and o n en o n seen Evil C t ti , A nd ommo n Wo e o n a e e c W t r wid , The se o f W ar en H rethel e Cur , wh di d, ’ ’ 2 O entheo w s O fls rin . . o Till g p g b ld , I n a e e e n o ea e o l o B ttl fi rc , P c w u d h ld on the ee o ft o o Up D p , but w uld p ur The m s drea o n H re o sn a - A bu h d r u d burh . Thi s may my Friend in s o oth relate e an d me as mo s s a e Of F ud Cri , Ru ur t t ’ For th o ugh the h o stile Chieftain g ain d H is fe a a a n ea Li , B rg i d r, ’ H mthc n the n e n s s a n y , A gl Ki g, u t i d n a Mischi ef a d Sc the se vere . ear at ea o f D a With Bill , I h d Br k y n sman n sm an as to s a Ki did Ki c t l y, When O ngentheéw m et Eo fer bold ’ ’ e m a e w a n ea Bufi et e But H l g v y th rud , al e fe to a the S c lfi n old P ll E rth y g , But w ell en ough the deadly Fe ud ’ R ememb er d his fero cio us Han d ’ - h No r curb d the Life swing o f t e Bran d . ’ A nd I to him in full re sto r d ’ In B attle s D ay what Tre asure s he ’ To me had iv n w m o r g , ith y light Sw d , ’ E en as the Po wer was granted me ’ ’ A n d I r eceiv d at B re thel 5 H an d A j oyo u s H er itage an d Land . N or had the v alian t Mo narch nee d I nf i o ur W arrio ur s to a n e r g i , - n of fth o r ee Either Gar da e Gy Sw d , m n n A n d at a highe r Charge ai tai . B e fo re him thus I e ve r w o uld I n Fight with Edge o f W e apo n go o d n a n a n his a s Alo e m i t i W r , c N T x x x v. A O,

to do as A nd thus till Death I c t, as A s lo ng as this go o d Swo rd shall l t , me e o e an d me s n e as Which , ti b f r ti i c p t, H as o ften serv d my Cau se ’ n e o e o es o f the an Si c I , f r N bl L d, 3 o D a - a en m an That f ul y r v , with y H d, ’ The H u an s am on s en g Ch pi h t, No r co uld he to the Frisian King all the a o eas e At f ir wr ught Tr ur bring. ’ h m namen T e Bo so s Or t. ’ san his anne s a in But k, B r Gu rd, Fight , n n hi A Prince succumbi g 1 s Might . ’ Nor was m o s e en e his ane y Sw rd k Edg B , ’ ras d him o n t he a e a n I g p b ttl Pl i , ’ ’ ’ A n d crush d and shatter d l n th Embrace ’ ’ 4 H is He art s W ave s bo ny Dwelling-place n owm s e o f an d n But u t Edg Bill , Ha d ’

Fo r re as e war an d har den d an . T ur , Br d The Geatic n e on n e et Pri c c ti u d y , Th ese were his latest Wo rds of Threat who in a s of o I , D y y uthful Might Fu o ft a e are the an e o s ll h v d d d g r u Fight, ’ No w see m eo e s ar an Old k , y P pl Gu di , In e m o r to o F ud y Gl y uph ld, 5 If this fo ul Sin - scathe dare s withall e me om his To me t fr earthy Hall . Then did the helm - clad W arriour fleet ’ Each o f his lov d C o mpani o ns gree t Fo r the last Time No r Bran d nor Sear a ns the a on o hear Ag i t Dr g w uld I , If with the Mo nster I descrie d H o w e se to a e in m e l gr ppl y Prid , A s I with Grendel did o f o ld But of this Battle- flame I hold ’ Tis hot an d e e an d o so ne , fi rc , p i d , e e o e n e do n nd e I th r f r Byr i a Shi ld, ’ No r to the Barro w s Guar dian dread A single Fo otstep will I yield ; 0 98 B E O W U L F.

But it shall be unto us twain ’ A s a e Man s a e s a o F t , M k r, h ll rdain, e s e ese B id th Walls. My Min d is set Wor ship and high Ren o wn to g et 6 W ar -fl s i n es . D o e By thi y g P t v , A s M en at r ms in an o A P ply , e on the to see Abid up Hill, ’ Which of us two the W ar - rush o er a of his o n e o e m Sh ll W u d r c v r o re . N o Quarrel h er e hav e ye and no ne ’ a e o e M en tis m n e a o n H v th r , i l e a s fo e to s ar e H rd fight with thi ul Wr tch h , a s a an on E rl hip chieve d H o urs fair . ’ I ll mak e thi s go lden - treasure H oarde ’ s a o r a o s r e My t lw th V l ur p y, ’ 7 Or War s Life - bale yo ur age d Lo rd ha e e a S ll fi rc ly sweep way . Fo rthwith beside his Buckler fair r o se the of e an d are Up l ty Chi f, b B eneath the t o w ering Cliffs o f St one

H is Helm an d 1118 Hab ergeon . H is s n e e n be s e to i gl Str gth tru t d , ’ 8 A s C o war d n e er w o uld dare to do . en the a er e e the n e Th by W ll p c iv d Pri c , Who o o in his Mun iﬁ cen ce ( , g d , ’ ’ 9 H ad oft o erco me in a e s as B ttl Cr h, en o s e r o o s o e e as Wh h til T p t g th r d h ,) n n n a ees o ne e While sta di g o fr t Bridg , ’ A Stream break fro m the Mo untain s Ridge 1 0 h a e a e -ﬂame was ho t T e w v with B ttl , S o that unburnt the Prin ce could n ot n the e s e e la the oa Attai D pth wh r y H rd, ’ ’ S o high the D ragon s Fury s o ar d . The Ge atic Mo n ar ch th en in W r ath Let fro m his B o som Wo rds g o fo rth ’ torm d the e o f r s ar No w s Chi f Spi it t k , H is o e in o and o s e one V ic l ud h til T , a n e a e ee and a Th t ki dl d H tr d d p d rk,

100 B E O W U L F.

’ ’ Of Edge relax d and t would not bite S o sharply as the Theo d -king ’ H ad ee o ress d and a o in N d , pp l b ur g . ’ Then was the Mo untain s -guardian wrath e a ffe e Aft r th t Bu t dir , A nd in a Mo o d full salvage fo rth H e as the murtherous e c t Fir , A nd gleame d in T erro ur wide an d far I4 Th ea Meteo ur of W ar e dr dful . The Gold -prince o f the Geatic Ho st The Jo o f o o not oas y Vict ry c uld b t, Fo r na e at the e his o k d Strif , Sw rd ’ H ad ea e o s fail d its o tr ch r u ly L rd, ’ A s ne er sh ould Iron go o d of o ld ’ Fo r t was n o ee of A e D d light chi ve, ’ en Ec theéw s S on the e a n o Wh g , Chi ft i b ld , ’ Was do om d the e a t a n to r hly Pl i leave, A nd his es e to a se D ir r i , For o e e n - a e to as th r Dw lli g pl c c t , A s each Man mu st resign at last i f w o o ea a s H s e p r rthly D y . Ere on the e es met a a n l g Wr tch g i , ’ The H o arde s a es in ame Gu rd fr h Fury c , ’ His sto rmy B o so m bo il d amain W a new o e his ea of l ith V ic , Br th F ame . so was he no w es e Right rely b t d, ’ Who e s o er the eo n r t did P ple reig , With raging Flame en compasse d ’ 15 No r his an - om an ons a n did H d c p i Tr i , ’ Of He roes Son s a gallant - Band 16 n a e -s en o o n d him s an I B ttl pl d ur r u t d, ’ But sped them to the F o re st s lairs ose as a e s of s T o save th d t rd Liv their . ’ Yet boil d o ne faithful Heart o f them ’ e s n n a With Gri f i dig nt Might, The F orce o f Kindred nought can stern

In him who thinks aright . A C NTO XXXVI. [ 5200] 1 ’ I LAF a o e o was st l d G th t l v ly Y uth y , ’ S c lfi n n e and W ihstan s l A y g Pri c , Chi d, A nd Kinsman of fElfhere H e saw his Lo rd beneath his Crest ’ ea so e O re ss d By fiery H t full r pp , A nd in R emembrance bare ’ H o w Hono ur high he had bestow d on him and the o e Up , rich Ab d V ’ the V ae mun din s and mo reo er Of g g , , Th o r e Rights his Father held be f e . H e o not en ef a n his an c uld th r r i H d , ’ seiz d his e o n en e But y ll w li d Shi ld , A nd o o ut - e w his an en an f rth dr ti t Br d , The e Ean -m n se to e r lic u d u d wi ld, ’ Oht-e e s o S o n all r en ess s a n r b ld , f i dl l i ’ W ihstan s o o n a e a n By Sw rd B ttl Pl i , Who from his Kinsman bare away o n e m an d n e H awberk e Br w H l ri g d gr y, H is an en 6 en me a ti t E t Sci t r, ’ To him a O nela r esi n d th t g , ’ His a an om a e s ee s -of-war v li t C r d W d , ’ ’ 2 n s for e s Har es Battl Fray design d . ’ o the e tho he the Ab ut F ud, Child ’ his o wn o e had exil d Of Br th r , ’ H e ne e o s ea ears la b r w uld p k, but Y id y The o namen e ano r t d P ply, o and n e his S on B th Bill Byr i , till o s win and o no Might W r hip H ur high , ’ his h E en as Sire befo re ad done . ’ ’ But mongst the Ge ats he han de d o er ’ ms to him unnumber d o e Of Ar St r , en old n m and a n as Wh , i fir , f ili g f t, ’ en a a om e he ass d At l gth w y fr Lif p . This was the first Occasion for 1 0 2 B E O W U L F .

The o u e o to assa y uthf l H r y, his ree o the s of War With f L rd Ru h , 3 Nor did his C o u rage melt that day ’ Nor did his Kin sman s Relic true ’ In a e s mo ea e o B ttl Tur il w k r gr w, A nd this when they to geth er dr ew The a o n so on had a s Dr g c u e to kno w . ’ VVig -liff his C o mrades then addre ss d I n r r m n righteo us Wo ds f o gri evi g Breast . ’ Well has my Memo ry preserv d ’ ’ a we en e er the ea was serv d Wh t , wh M d , n the an e - a Withi B qu t h ll , om se to o ur or — a we Did pr i L d th t , I n an s e e ss y uch N c ity , Would Service d o and Fealty yield For ese r a n s o f the e th ich Tr ppi g Fi ld, For Helms an d Swor ds withall ; A nd in s ra en fr ee he thi F y , wh ly o se us his o o n to be Ch F ll wi g , H e a e us or m n and a e b d Gl y i d , g v Into my Hands these Tr easur es brave ’ G o o d Warrio urs he suppo s d we w ere A n d valian t M en the Helm to bear ’ A n d th o ugh o ur Lo r d did e en b elieve one s on to a e e Al thi Acti chi v , ’ Fo r he of all Men n eath the S un 4 o s ee s o f a n a one M t D d D ri g wild h th d , Yet n ow the D ay is come at length When o ur great Monarch ne e ds the Strength — Of W arriours go o d C o me let us speed T o aid o ur ef a n at his ee Chi t i N d , — ’ G o d wot to me t were far mo re leif That with my go ld -bestowing Chief ’ 5 M e s e e bo so m d in the ee y Fl h w r Gl d, Fo r base to me it seems in dee d u e s ome to o With B ckl r h g , Unless we ﬁrst hav e in the Strife ’ ’ Preserv d the e e - e a n s e W d r Chi ft i Lif ,

04 1 B E O W U L F.

It w as not given him in that Raid That Edge of Steel should be his aid T o o m a e ea a an ighty, I h v h rd, th t H d, ’ To o ea it s n for an an gr t Swi g y Br d, That when he bare to B attle Swo rd ’ 10 ’ o un -har den d t o no W d w uld Aid afford . Full ﬁerce the ﬁery Pest again ’ s o n the war - en o ne ane Ru h d r w d Th , A n d soo n e a his a ama n r p id Wr th i , ’ Fo r o n his e he c o il d r u d N ck , ho t and m ane so e All gri , with B full r , ’ a he was cover d his o e Th t with G r , ’ l’d In Wav es his H eart s Blo o d boi .

C ANTO XXXVII .

’ H EN in his o n a s e s ess , M rch dir Di tr , The o ane ss y uthful Th , I wi , ’ D iSplay d a C o urage wearyless A nd stalwo rth Might an d Skilfulness (A Nature bo ld was his} ) 2 H ee ess o f e m his an o dl H l , H d did gl w T o e his nsman giv Ki Aid , D ownward he smote the D em on Fo e Full stark in Sto wre so sturdy Blo w ’ That blo o d -disco lo ur d deep and lo w ’ 3 in the so a e Div d lid Bl d , A nd the ea am e e ss e e and s o dr d Fl , l ﬁ rc l w, ’ With failin g Fury play d . A gain the Mo nar ch in that Ho ur ’ R esum d his o n o sness an d o e C ci u P w r,

A nd his a e - a e e quick Sl ught r d gg r tru , ’ H is n e s e a n n o Byr i B lt th t hu g u t , e an d s a the e n e en Bitt r h rp , G at Pri c h" t, A nd the rewith up the Middle rent ’ The Mon ste r-drago n s Hide ’ s fell d the n e anes the Foe Thu ki dr d Th , 1 O C A N T O X X X V I I . 0

A nd bo th to gether laid him lo w ’ A n d uell d his e e ss e q r ckl Prid , s o o at ee s o be a an e (Thu g d N d h uld Th ,) ’ S o that the Prin ce did V ic try gain 5 f and a n By his earthly D eeds o Might M i ,

Whe n he the D anger trie d . But no w the Wo un d the D ragon fell H ad o him an to n an d s e wr ught , g bur w ll , A nd so on he fo und the baleful Pe st son o n in hi r Of Po i b ili g s B east . ’ A ro ach d him en the ZEthelin pp th g , Fo r by the W all the wo un de d King S at m s n on a on e u i g St , ’ ’ ’ O n Gyants W o rk he wo nd ring gaz d ’ Ston e Vaults o n massy C o lumn s rais d ’ The everlasting Cave embrac d r Within its Ci cuit lo ne . 6 The Thane immeasurably go o d ’ ’ - H is well lo v d Lo rd bestain d with Blo o d . ’ T he amo s ef of a e tir d f u Chi , B ttl ,

as an d o f his ea n e . Did w h , H lth i quir d B e6 wulf s a e and o f hi s o n p k , W u d, 7 The ea - s a e o s o n he sa d dly l ught r u W u d , id , ’ ’ H is a s - e s n n he had fo n D y whil E di g u d, His ea ea s es n o w e e ﬂed rthly Pl ur w r , The m e of his a s on e Nu b r D y g by, 8 A nd e mm r D ath i easu ably n igh . A nd now wo uld I to S o n o f mine T ese o o ee s of War es n h g dly W d r ig , If to succeed me any Heir ’ ff r My Bo dy s O sp ing granted were . ’ Tis no w full ﬁfty Winters lo ng ’ s eo e a e rul d amon Thi P pl h v I g, No r has there any neighbo ur King ’ a me to e e in D r d gr t Fight, o n e his o o n Surr u d d by F ll wi g, 9 Terro ur to e Or xcite . I n Patience have I waite d fo r P 1 06 B E O W U L F .

1 0 a e e me has o Wh t v r Ti br ught, A nd e m ne own a e ol en nor w ll i h v h d , e e a e e e so D c it h v v r ught , ’ Nor sworn unnumber d O aths have I I n eas n and in er L i g P jury . For s ma e e to see thi I y xp ct , No w s h mo a a n ick wit rt l P i , e n a Jo no r n ee s to me Et r l y, d ’ an s e n s men e ree M rul r Pu i h t d c , en e s a fo o f o ﬂee Wh Lif h ll rth B dy , ’ Fo r n sman s e - an Ki Murth r b e . To see ea - ei , d r Wig l f quickly go The ho arde the o a o ne en h ry St b eath , Now e of all his ea the r ft W lth , Fo e es o n e in the ee of Li w u d d Sl p Death . as e o a the eas r H t th u, th t I Tr u e old Ma n o an d the mo n of o y k w, A u t G ld, A nd that I spee dyly may see ’ 11 The star -b espangle d Jewell ry A n d ems o f nn n A rt G cu i g , a m fe and a on o Th t with y Li N ti b ld, ’ a so on a e o d to o Th t I l g h v j y h ld, m More so ftly I ay part .

CANTO XXXVIII . [ 55 00] ’ I GH T u at his e a n s o q ickly Chi ft i W rd, ’ ’ A s a e ea Wihstems I h v h rd, did Son e his o n e war-s o Ob y w u d d ick L rd, ’ A nd a e his rin d a e eo n b r g H b rg , ’ H is richly - broider d Battle- sark ’ B eneath the C av ern s Arches dark ; A n d as the n re - e o o Ki d d h r b ld, n in his o r Exulti g Vict y, n o n the o en eou W e t r u d R ck, full pl t s Gold A n d ems he er n e e see G glitt i g th r did , ea s e n on the o n All h vy tr w up Gr u d,

108 B E O W U L F.

T o e his ea n n o e e giv y r i g S ul R li f, ’ 1 A nd now th a n - ea e k if d ri g h rt d Chief, No w s and o n e so ick w u d d re , The Weder Prince up on the Plane H e et a e s o ﬁ n d a a n y liv h uld g i , A s he had ef fo l t be re . Then quickly with his Treasure -sto re H is o he o n a L rd f u d h rd by, The m e a n ee n s ighty Chi ft i , bl di g ore, The End o f fe f n Li ull igh , A nd gan to sprinkle him abo ut a e as at s With W t r, ﬁr t , ’ 2 l o s his o som s H o ar m ut Til W rd , B de fro o Hi f n s aili g Spirit burst . 3 B e6 wulf s a e as om his ea p k , fr S t ’ Loo k d on the Go ld the age d Geat Mo st hearty Thanks i n W o rds I bring The o of all the o n L rd , Gl ry Ki g, T he eternal Lo rd fo r all the G old A nd eas e a e e e o Tr ur th t I h r b h ld, ’ That fo r my well -lo v d Peo ple I ’ ea a e ain d e o e die Such W lth h v g b f r I , No w a e o s eas e H oarde h v I b ught thi Tr ur , ’ m fe s e en At y Li Pric right prud tly, ’ ’ the a e s ee affo At St t N d twill Aid rd, A nd on e e e ma n o t l g r h r I y be . C omman d to raise the great in Fight o n on the ff e A M u d up Cli y H ight , a e the ne ea e Bright ft r fu r l Fir , That high o n H ron esnaass may aspire A nd to the People o f my Lan d s n on men ma s an A la ti g M u t y t d, ’ That the vast Ocean s Sailo rs brave ’ Ma a B e6 wulf s o n y c ll M u d, ’ When o er the Dar kness of the Wave 4 n Afar the B renti gs bo un d . Then fro m his Neck the warrio ur King ’ Forthwith unclasp d the golden Ring 109 C A N T O X X X V I I I .

A nd to the o f an e y uth ul Th ,

n his e m of. o en H ue R esig e d H l g ld ,

H is royal Rin g and Byrnie to o .

I n Gla dne ss to retain . Th o u art the last rem aining Stay o ur W oe mun din em Of g g St , on s a a e swe all a a My S h th F t pt w y, ’ a s in e t o ea s ar w E rl th ir Might, D th d k S ay

A nd I mu st after th em . 5 s ere the e the o ld Man o se Thi Pyr ch , The a e - a e a r o s o s B ttl w v th t fu i u gl w , ’ H is B o som s latest W o r d A nd om his eas his r o es fr Br t Spi it g , T o see the e sse o om o f o se k bl d D th , ’ ’ W ho n e e fro m r a r r T uth h ve e r d .

C ANTO XXXIX.

’ to the o e o s e 5 37 HEN, y uthful H r Gri f, [ 6 ] H e saw his m o s e o e e t b l v d Chi f, A s on the a es o e he la E rth d tr y d y, fe e a n fas With Li d p rti g t away . There also lay up on the Plain The Dragon dr ead that him had slain ’ ere of fe and uell d o e B ft Li , q by F rc , ’ 1 Th ill - co iling Mon ster can maintain No l onger n o w his treasure Sto r es a - ro e s an d o r - e e But h rd w ught Shi ld Sw d dg bright, 2 The o es of the ammer s Tr phi H Might, a e s e him for a a H v w pt th w y, So th at the widely - ﬂying Pest Sank wo un de d to his deadly R est

N ear where the Treasur es lay . Nor can he in exulting Po wer o th L ft at m n o Flit thr ugh e y id ight H ur, N o r o of h s o ssess o n s an e , pr ud i P i , r g n a an e s ran e Exhibiti g Appe r c t g , 1 10 F B E O W U L .

’ But he is fall u to Earth in D eath ’ 3 The War- ef s an - o enea chi H dy w rk b th . a e is the Man as am o Sc rc , I t ld} The Man o f in o n ol Might, Acti b d, H as pro spere d when he ru shing came ’ a ns o son - es ea of am G i t P i p t with Br th Fl e, If with rash Han d he sought to make in a r n a and o A Stir th t i g H ll, f un d Th a an o f the o es a a e e Gu rdi St r w k , n hi r Abiding o s t easure Mo un d. Even the great B eowulf won Only with Death that lo rdly Store For eithe r mighty Champio n ’ ’ s o o e s End was an n o r Thi p r Lif h gi g e . 5 Meanwhile that false and traitour Crew 6 Of Laggard-warrio urs on ward drew ; ’ F o rth from the Fo rest s glo omy Shade The as a ten a ee d t rd c r r, Who en e o had ee of , wh th ir L rd N d Aid ’ h Dar d no t to wield t e Spear. ’ 7 A sham d their Shields and W ar -weeds where The a e e a n la e a e g d Chi ft i y th y b r , ’ O n Wiglaf lo o k d in humble d State The active Champio n weary sate es h o e s o f his o B ide t e Sh uld r L rd, ’ ’ A nd gently o er him Water pour d . Yet can he no a a o all ught v il , (th ugh ’ a e barter d a o a n H e would h v th t t g i ), H is warrio ur Mon arch to recall A nd Life on Earth to him detain ’ Nor wo uld the Do om of GO D S high Will

n e all as o s l. Tur , but rul , it d th til ’ R eady on the yo ung Hero s Part Was Answe r grim to each who se Heart ’ H ad fail d him in the Fight ’ s en Wi léf Wik stan s Son A nd thu th g , , of ea e n Disconsolate H rt b gu , 8 n A nd Loo k unlovi g dight .

B E O W U L F .

XL CANTO .

HE noble W o rk fo rthwith he bade [ 5 779 ] no n to the warriour an be ma K w B d de, ’ Where o n the S ea -cliﬂ s b eetling H eight ’ D istress d in n e s Mi d , with Buckl r dight, The livelo ng D ay from Mo rning sate The om an of ar s and e C p y E l , th y The Clo se o f that ev entful D ay ’ ’ A nd e lo v d o s e n a th ir L rd R tur wait . A nd he who o de a o n the ess r l g N , o n ot the n o e a e s ess W uld v l T l uppr , ’ detail d all in a f n But F ith ul ess . The e a n of the Geatic H o s Chi ft i t, ’ The e e a on s Jo an d oas W d r N ti y B t , ’ e s the ra on s r o e ss as Dw ll , by D g P w c t, In a a es o n ea -bed as f t l R t, D th f t . A nd o o s e to him o l e pp it d th y , 1 ’ o r - o n s s th old n m With Sw d w u d ick E e y. H is Swo rd o f n on e Avail he fo un d ’ The scaly Mo n ster s Hide to woun d ’ ’ A nd Wihstan s S o n a e - laf o er , br v Wig , B e6wulf s s in r e f so e it G i f ull r , E arl ov er Earl that life less sleep s 2 - r f o e n n H cad wa d o L v a d Lo athi g keeps. No w ma the an e e een y L d xp ct, I w , Th mo o f the a e - s ene e Tur il B ttl c , ’ ’ When mo ngst the Fran k s tis widely spread

nd s an s a o ur n is ea . A Fri i , th t Ki g d d Full sternly with the Hugan erst ’ T he ea e was form d at s d dly F ud ﬁr t, When H igelac to Frie sl an d went Girt with a naval Armament 3 ’ nd him his o es in W ar o erthr ew A F , Fo r b oldly to the Fight n e e m n o e e ew I o v rwh l i g F rc th y dr , 1 13 C A N T O X L .

S o that the W arriour b old an d true n a e Must bo w b e e th th ir Might . s e he in the a e e Thu f ll b ttl F ud, A n d to his H ero es br av e N0 l onge r Time the Chieftain go o d The ea eo s eas e a e b ut u Tr ur g v . ’ Since then twixt Mer e-Wioing Race A n d us n o ea e has a en a e P c t k pl c , No r fro m the S weed s a Whit can I Expe ct o f Truth o r Amity ’ For wide tis k n o wn o f O ngentheéw ’ B H mthc n H rethel s S o n a lo w y y l id , At H r efn a-wo o d wh en in their Pride

Th S lﬁ n r - n e cy gs ﬁ st to Geat la d hye d. To him the Father of O ht-h ere ea se and a e a e Dr d, wi , g d g v 4 so on a o o f an an d a e Full Bl w H d, t r From o ut his Tro o p o f Virgin s fair

- The Ocean captain brav e . The antient M an the Mother old O f O n ela an d O hter e o h b ld, ’ R obb d of her o him a e G ld, with did t k , A n d fo r the Murther er s did m ake A ho t s n a e Pur uit , u till th t th y , ' ef of e o r in a A ﬂ ra R t th ir L d th t y, - W To H r efnes holt s car ce made their ay. en o m the o r had ef as et Th wh Sw d l t y , ea o n s he s o e ese W ry with W u d , r b t, A nd all Night l o n g full o ft did he W o e to the hapless Race de cree ; H e said that he at Break o f D ay ’ ome the a er s e o sla S with D gg Edg w uld y, 5 A n d o ers for his o a he th , Sp rt, th t - W o uld han g up o n the Gall o ws tree . But C omfo rt ro se with early D ay T o the sore -heartéd o o en e Tr p , wh th y ’ H eard swell the Trii mpets Echo bright A nd Ho rn o f H igelac ; Q 1 14 B E O W U L F.

’ The oo e his eo e s g d Chi f, with P pl Might, W as om n on e c i g th ir Track .

CANTO XLI . [ 5 887 ] HEN v aliant S weed s and G eats between The o o a was e seen bl dy Sw rd wid ly , The s of men to au e e Ru h Sl ght r rud , A nd how the o e the F lk did wh t Feud . a O n en -theéw the o o e en E rl g , g d Chi f, th ’ Turn d his o m a es a a a n with C r d b ck g i , e an d so o to ea Ag d rr wful, r ch ’ A Fastn ess on the Ocean s B each ’ ’ H e d heard o f all the H rethling s Might ’ A nd the o e a n s in pr ud Chi ft i Skill Fight, Nor truste d that he co uld withstan d ’ H is o eman s a e a or an F w rlik S il B d, ’ A n d gainst their desp erate On slaught h old H is his e an d H o ar de o f ol Child, Brid , G d S o the old Chief retreate d thence ’ hi a -in cam m n n B en eath s E rth p e t s Fe ce . Then did the S weeds unto o ur King o ssess on s en e and to n P i t d r, bri g ’ A ann er s e due B Tribut , ’ Fo rth wen t they o er the peaceful Plain Then H rethling Warrio urs thronged amain Aroun d the fated cre w ’ ’ The grey-hair d O ngen - theéw s D elay ’ W as h the o r aven d a da wit Sw d g th t y, S o that the The6d - king mu st o wn ’ The Sway of Eo fer s will al on e . ’ A n d him ea W o nred s did Wulf, gr t Child, a on ea in n e With We p r ch A g r wild, That fo r that So use the Bl o o d amain ’ Sprang neath his Hair fro m o ut the Vein . Yet n o t a Whit of craven Fear ’ The S c lﬁ n old betra d y g y ,

1 16 B E O W U L F .

H is a e o of his a D ught r, Gl ry H ll, ea a e o f D r G g Amity . s is the n m an d e Thi E ity F ud, 4 The Murthero us - a e o f Men of oo h t Bl d, The eason een o r R which I w , will p u The S weén a e o n o ur o e R c up Sh r , When th ey shall hear that o ur great Lo rd es e ess who Li lif l , b oth Realm an d Hoar d ’ O f S cyldings brave gain st Fo es did hold e the a o f e o es hold Aft r F ll H r , ’ The R e de his Peo ple had c onceiv d 5 n a an Fulﬁlli g g ll tly, ’ A n d even farther yet achiev d o s of r Expl it Ea l ship high . The so o ner n ow the better far T o o o on o ur Theéd - n l k up ki g, A nd him who gave us Rings to bring lof on the n r A t fu e eal Car . ’ A nd at the n oble Mo narch s Pyre ’ No e o s o s a me in e H r G ld h ll lt Fir , F o r e e are reas es all n o h r T ur u t ld , ’ A grimly purchas d H o ard O f G old A nd no w with his o wn Life at last H e o the n s s a be as b ught Ri g , which h ll c t T o greedy Fire -bran d to devo ur ’ A n d for the Flam e to co v er o er . No E arl shall fo r Memo rial b ear s eas e a r to see Thi Tr ur f i , Nor Maiden o n her N eck shall wear ’ Th r e rin ged Je well y . But stript o f G old an d so rr o wing Not on e oft s a all c , but , h ll ea o e n an s s n e n ow o ur n Tr d f r ig L d , i c Ki g, a a as e his e e n H th l id id R v lli g ,

H is an d on withall . Wit , S g he an a o n a o be o n T L ce t M r sh ll c ld f u d, ’ ’ H eav d in the an s in an s whirl d o n H d , H d r u d, ’ Nor shall the Harp with Mor ning s gale 1 17 C A N T O X L I . 6 he W arriour a e a en a e T w k , but R v p l ’ S o aring all gree dy o er the D ead Shall tell the Eagle ho w he spe d When with the W olf up on the Plain ” e en ea he s r the a n At v M l t ipt Sl i , s s a e the a v e Thu p k cti Wight , ee rea to be ea A Sp ch full d ry h rd, be e o r be o But it W ird it W rd, H e w s no f a t ar from right . o se the o e o o s r e R wh l Tr p di pi it d, Whom o n ea s e e b ili g T r b d w, ’ ’ A n d neath the Eagle s N est they sp ed Th n e W o der drea d to V iew . e e fe ess o n the san r o n Th r , li l dy G u d, ’ Stretch d o n the B ed o f ea e o n D th, th y f u d The Chief who gave them Rings b efor e ; ’ ’ h n T e go o d Ma s ending D ay was o er . ’ The warrio ur - n the W ed er s e Ki g, Prid 7 A D eath full marvello us had die d . A nd et mo e o n r o s to e o , y r w d u b h ld, e a so saw the a o n o ld Th y l Dr g , A s o ppo site up on the Plain H e la a oa e s a n y, l thly Obj ct l i , ’ B esco rch d ee an d r m to e with Gl d, g i vi w , A nd ﬁfty Feet in Measure to o ’ A s ere o utstretch d at en he l th l gth ay. ’ H e had maintain d the Jo ys o f Flight r o the a mo s e e o f Th ugh d rk At ph r Night, A n d o n had en e in his d w w d d Might, h A Visit to is D en to pay. he was n o w in ea - o n s as But D th b d f t, ’ H is ar - a s E th c v e s Joys for e ver p a t . A n d n ea him s and ase s H o ardes r Cup V , s es la and retious o s Of Di h y, p Sw rd , s an d ea en ro a s e Ru ty t th ugh , th y B en eath the B o so m o f the Earth 8 o san n e s we n la A th u d Wi t r d lli g y, a e - o om of m o Sith th t H ir l ighty W rth, 1 18 B E O W U L F .

an en Men the eas e s een Of ti t Tr ur h , ’ e s incom ass d o n had een By Sp ll p r u d b , ’ S o that no Man might e er appro ach a an en a o f n s to o Th t ti t H ll Ri g t uch, H ad n ot ea G O D mse on gr t hi lf high , The er n of o v y Ki g Vict ry, ’ Giv n to o m H e o d it wh w ul , n e Man H e o o s wi a o o u (Si c l k th f v ur ,) ’ To o e the H oarde e en s a o ne p , uch ’ n hi s m A s u to m ee d goo d .

L CA NTO X II .

H E fe en was ea seen Stri , it th cl rly , T To him had n ro o s een u p piti u b , W ho in Un righteo usn ess an d Sin H d en his o n n a hidd Ill M u d withi . The Keeper of the Hill had slain o me o ne amo the on s o f M en S ng S , Then Vengean ce so re the Feud did bring A nd where is C au se fo r Won dering ? Th a of eno n in e e E rl , high R w Strif , H ad are n o the End of e f d u t Lif , For with his Children n o M an may he ea - en a Long o ccupy t M d b ch g y. S o e e Be6wulf en it b f ll , wh ’ H e so the o n a n - a e s D en ught M u t i w rd r , Th a emon n or e e o e cr fty D , wh r thr ugh ’ 1 o s -o ff- n n Sho uld be his W rld cutti g k e w . ’ Till D o omsday thus the Rulers dread ’ a s o ne ave ee easu e Wh t d h d ply tr r d, ’ So th at the M an with Sin bestain d ’ M a as in e - on s be detai n d y f t H ll b d , ’ Punish d for aye with Sights o f Dread ’ Who as e a s a r a n w t d E rth f i Pl i , ’ Better he ne er had compasse d n His sateless Gree d of Gai .

1 20 B E O W U L F .

Now let em as e the e e a e th h t , Bi r pr p r , ’ a ns we om e a a a n G i t c b ck g i , A n d we en o ur onar ea will th M ch b r, ’ The m o s belov d o f M en to er t , wh e ’ ’ " I n G o D s bless d C o v e nant an d C are Lon g time he shall remain 4 ’ The W ar - eas Wihstan s S on en a e b t , , th b d B oth wide an d far C o mman d be made ’ T o efs o er o ses ea n wa Chi H u b ri g S y , That W o o d to build the funeral Pyre e s o r om far s a es on e Th y h uld f E t t c v y , mee the o o r n e a h r T o t g d P i c t t e Fi e . Now s a the wan ame wax ama n h ll Fl i , Now shall the Glee d devo ur ’ e o e s n who sus a n The H r Ki g, did t i oft the r o n o er Full I Sh w , ’ When Storm s of Darts propell d with Might the e - wa o o e r Over Shi ld ll t k th i Flight , ’ With sto o d the Arro w s C a st ’ ea e s win d and o n ar With F th r g , w d right ’ ’ ” r ws co v r With A ro e d pass d . ’ No w W iglaf s C ar e fro m o ut the Cr ew o a an e s the n o es ew Of r y l Th bl t dr , ’ A nd nea the rea ero s o o wen he th t ch u R f t , e o es fo r his o m an Eight H r C p y , e o ne o o a o r in Whil b ld Y uth , T ch Han d 5 e o remo s of the n Pro cee d d f t B a d . A nd n o o ne then was pr esent the re ’ Mon s em lo t a H o ar de to s a e g t th by th t h r , ’ ” F o r keeperless som e Part they view d ’ ’ n car d fo r in the a l e strew d U H ll y , A n d little any o n e did care 6 the ea easu e s o r to Quick d r Tr r f th b ear . ’ Then cast they fr o m the Ne ss s Bro w h a on to the a es e o w T e Dr g W v b l , A n d let the Flo o ds imbo so m deep who th The Wretch did e Treasure keep . en was the H o arde of s e o Th twi t d G ld, 12 1 C A N T O X L I I .

n a o e n o Of every Ki d St r u t ld, a en o n a a n L d up W i , A nd thu s the valian t fEtheli ng The o a - ea e warrio ur n h ry h d d Ki g, ’ W as n o H rones- ness a en u t t .

A C NTO XLIII .

HE Peo ple of the Geats th en made [ 6 26 8 ] 1 A mighty Pile an d bro ad ’ ’ With Helms bedeck d an d Shields array d n s r as he em a e A n d Byr ie b ight , th b d , nd in the s the e oes la d A Mid t H r y , n e n e o f o f a e Wee pi g, th ir Pri c l ty Gr d , o e o Their well bel v d L rd. Then gan the Warriour s on the Mo un d The mightyest o f funereal Fires To a e a o o -smo e r n o n w k , bl ck W d k ci cli g r u d ’ 2 m - nem Fro Matter s e y aspires . ’ Its o a ee n m n e ass d R r with W pi g i gl d p , ’ A nd n ur d en n at as Wi d g bl di g , till l t, H ot o n the reas o en en B t, it p r t ’ 3 h m n n m n T e B o so s bo y Te e e t. ’ With grieving Min d the Chiefs deplo r d The ea h of e e o e o D t th ir b l v d L rd, A n d such a S on g o f Mo urnin g lo ud the while ] the win ding Crowd [ O f] Virgin [ s all in weeping so re e o s en o e o o s o Gri v u ] ugh th ir S rr w p ur, ’ a e e n e e e s ea [ Th t th y th ir Pri c , th ir Citi ] H d, ’ ’ The r oo s e en e the a e s ea [ T p D f c , ] B ttl Dr d, S aw the wan ame n o [ ] [ Fl i f ld, ] The Warriour- e m o n his ead h l up H , While Sm o ke thro ugh Heaven ’ ’ Then rais d the Geatic Peo ple o er ’ The Billo ws o f the Ocean s Sho re m o n o r o a an d A ighty M u d, b th b d high , R 1 22 B E O W U L F.

f r the a o m s That a S il rs ight e py . T en a s e a o e at the o n D y th y l b ur d M u d , ’ The ea on of the W ar -ren o wn d B c , O f n e a es the es Fu r l Pyr b t , A nd a a e fen e r o n with W ll th y c d it u d, A s antie nt Men in Art pr o fo un d o s o s es M t w rthy did ugg t . en on the e the o en n s Th Pil g ld Ri g , ’ A n d e e s r an d ems e o ur d J w l b ight, G th y p , ’ VVhate er the valiant fEthelings ’ H d a n rom the r a t ke f D agon s H o arde . ’ The Prin ce s mighty Tre asure then T o a was ef to o a a n E rth l t h ld g i , on the an a o en o e Up S d g ld St r , e e s l eth n o Men Wh r till it y , u t A s se ess as it was efo u l b re . The ro o o f r n es o e a oun T p P i c r d r d, 5 The eas s- of- war a o the o n B t b ut M u d , I n m e e e and e o s n Nu b r tw lv , th y w uld i g, A n d a to n e r a an n c ll Mi d th i v li t Ki g , emse v es o s ea o r fo e a s Th l w uld p k , p u rth th ir L y , H is ar s a his a o ra se E l hip l ud, V l ur p i , ’ ’ ra se e ud d him as tis o o With P i th y j g , g d ’ A M an his w ell -lov d So vereign sh o uld o in o r s an d o e in ear Ext l W d l v H t , en o m the o he m s ar Wh fr B dy u t p t, n A useless Thi g hen cefo rth to be . ’ Their S o r ro w fo r their well-lov d Lo rd h eatic e o e s o ut - o r e T e G P pl thu p u d, H is o m a es ear an d sa a he C r d d , id th t , n s ro o the a Of Ki g th ugh ut E rth, ’ " W as e e n the en e s to an n V g tl t M ki d, The M an of mo st b en ign ant Min d h r n e mo s to his e o e n T e P i c t P pl ki d, f 6 Mo st earnest a ter Wo rth .

H 4 N O T E S .

it. avar a r n hla inn ar ma llt Si p p b t i u b . K l i at gmund r skyldi ” fara fur inn 5 ﬁ orﬁ inn . ar hr att ( sk no 0 k hv arf K l it ipi be gat . S igmund r bar e him a long lV ay in his B osom a nd ca me to a a nd lon Ford a nd ther e wa s a little V e sel a d on n g , s n e ma

in it . H e omised Si mu r to v i u pr g nd g o o er the Ford . S gm n dr ut the B od into the V essel a nd then wa th B a p y , s e o t lad en . The Chur l to ld i m n d tha t h S g u r e would g o fir st into the For d . H e thr u o h i a d a n h st f t e Sh p n v is ed .

CANTO I .

Fonﬁ -g e -pime d O n o o é n p p ul p co . 2 o e 1 byn c . 3 O n en theéw . The W or s ere s e r m M g d h uppli d f o r . ’ ’ Kemble s on e re are o er the Tid e who assed e C j ctu , p , n hc‘ e ré ro . 4 But on po lc-reane ‘ e n K no pe op um g um a. 5 - 9 5. 1 0 ip e e ae n p g pn g .

6 ‘ - O n pyp r c e g e l omp. 7 H eoro t is ro ba Ro s e sai to a e een b p bly kild , d h v b built y

- R o e the H ro ar of our o em. H . D . H ruod ér , thg P Old g ,

R ue d e er R ud e er n . Ro e r . g , g ; E gl g 8 s n e to ro w w e . Th [Daecnan r c o lb e . W as d e ti d g ak e me an n o f s an d the re e n ne s 1 6 4 - 1 7 0 is rat er i g thi p c di g Li , , h o s re . I n the r na e s an s b cu O igi l th y t d thu , pe abo pylma béd It aw aite d the h ostil e Wh e lm a n 11 6 O f lo a am e L iSa 3 thly Fl . N e pe r hi t l e ng e pa g e n Nor w as it l o ng more over be fo re D ee c‘ re re cs he r e That the h ero b ade [ his Fo l l o wers] ' ‘ A Bum e i an Swe ar w a s o f e a . rp p . ith O th [ F lty] ‘ ’ I }: c e p pael -ni cSe Afterw ard s thro ugh d eadly M alic e

IDaecnan colb e He s o i . e . was fa e to r . h uld [ t d ] b e c ome w e ak This se ems a difﬁ cult and u nc onne cte d C o ns truction ; and ’ wh e th er Hrothgar s P al ac e e v er w ere des troye d by Fire I k n n er a s w e ma s o se an em on the ar o w o t. P h p y upp Att pt P t o f the Ene my t o bu rn it durin g the Pro gre s s o f the W o rk e n b r e a n the as ne aec an c lb e the c onstru th , y di g l t li pn r y , o n be o mes s m er an d rans a e s Nor w as o n ir ti c i pl , t l t it l g 125 N O T E S .

o ver after the [Act o f] de adly M alic e th at the H ero b ad e [his ” r w s to en e the s w as Fo llo w ers] swe a ith O ath av g Guilt . Thi to o o an era on to a m n o the e if the b ld Alt ti d it i t T xt , but R e ad er pre fe r it he may in s te ad o f the tw o Lin e s But after ” w ar ds ab ate sub stitute the fo ll ow in g :

The Hero b ad e his Fo llo w ers swe ar For insult o n his P al a c e fair The Wr o ng to compensate .

9 mli z e -be o nh‘cn e pan g - s a ee ce t -b p p r be uze ts. 1 ° Fi e l-c n ne e a th p y r r . ‘ 1 The N o tion o f e vil M onsters b eing bre d from the R ac e

o f a n see ms to from Gen . 4 The a C i have arisen . vi . l tter v erse states r H in was can c an 0 11923 raise -1mw ean

- naspmpg bag Ensign 454213aims mien zaps chirpwritsw hen ﬁ rst}

Th r or o Gi a nte er e we e Ab tive (o r M nstr ous) Bir ths (Vulg. g s) i n the Ear th in those d a s a nd a lso a ter tha t the sons o Elo y , f f him went in unto the d aughter s of Men a nd g ener a ted of them There wer e the H er oes old men o n ame : and w as no of , f it do ubt from the Traditio ns r e l ativ e to the meaning of this obs re erse a Abulfara . rs an d Le B r n . cu V , th t g (Edit Ki ch u

. 4 5 ook his a o n whi r ns s : pp , ) t cc u t, ch u thu

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o o o M in ‘ i n; lp . c a s o . o x é l 1 Q l

0 0 1 0 i14 3 : la mmko Ago ]; 14m ,

I n the Time of Shith ( S eth) when his S ons r emember ed the ood Li ves tha t the led i n P a r a d eise the went u to the g ( y ) , y p Moun t of Cher mon ( H er mon ) a nd lived i n pu r e a n d holy Con versa tions a bsta i n i n r om Me tr i mon a nd r om this the wer e , gf y , f y ca lled n th a n A g els a nd S on s of Elohim . I n e thous d th Year o tne Wor ld the Son s o Elohim d escend ed r om the Moun f , f f ta in Cher mon a bo ut two hu n d r ed Souls beca use the ha d of , , y c a st a wa y the Hope of a Retur n to Pa r a d eise a nd when they a sked Women i n Mar r ia e thei r B r ethr en the Sons Shith a n d g , qf E nosh d es ised them a nd as Tr ans r essor s a a inst their Cove p , , g g na nt a r eed to wi thold r om them their D au hters . On this , g f g the d e ar ted to the S on s o Ca in a nd took Wives an d be a t y p f , , g

G an ts n a me chie l celebra ted or Mur ther a nd P lund er . y of , f y f The set u or themselves the r st Kin a Man whose Na me y p f ﬁ g , wa s Sa miazua The Ar abic Ch ron icl e publi sh e d by P o co c ke

. 8 a re es a mo s W r for r . p , g l t o d Wo d

Witho ut d o ub t the th e J aco bite Primate

are the o f Mo ses : w e er G ants o r H eroes Dﬁj aj h th y ,

er a n ene a ons ere as O en e and s mos but c t i ly g r lly c id d y t , thi t i e e s the o ld as e rn L e e n on the S e w en e l k ly giv E t g d ubj ct , h c t he R s ha ro n . s eo r o f the r n o f r s e t s g w Thi Th y O igi O k ,

12 T 8 N O E S .

N achtla e r in H eorot wenn sie die ur zu ewa en a n g , B g b ch d hi e n boten w r en d a sre an e em an eren rte mit ro ssere r u d , j d d O g ” e e m e era umlicher r e n . D r Grund tvi B qu lichk it (g ) uht . g s no t to no appe ar tic e the passag e .

6 - Fe o nh b e al o . 7 (De n ne cunu cu ‘ ppyb e n he l-p ﬁ nan Ppynrt um rcnibaﬁ 3 - a t ona . . e n . D r b i . Odi 9 e - as S re th e a er o r on of s an o Faeb n p hum. u ly l tt P ti thi C t e the s am of r s an ors too a a to be b ars t p Ch i ti Auth hip, p lp bly k mista en .

CANTO III .

1 S m ar i s th e ress on in the L nes o te b S e ats. i il Exp i i qu d y he D enectu Cic ero at the O penin g o f t e S te . ‘ e si d e o adiuer o c uramve le vasso O Tit , qui g , Quae n u n c te coquit e t v e r sat in pe ctore ﬁ x a. 2 B e 6 wulf th e H ero of the P o e m . 3 ' O n paem b aeg e li e Dyrre r t r. 4 ~ The am is the mean n of lib an . e . the S . s e Yp , i hip i g ' ’ n b - b (D -bunb e nn e an d m an o er e ress on s Su pu u , udu y th xp i - - S an ane . wans a . e . S ea. th at w e sh all me e t with . p p S p th, i 5 S ‘cp e amar punb on ’ S un b pi }: ranb e . 6 a s W e d e rs are the same as G e t . 7 - B ﬁ iS- g e paeb o . 3 ‘ - a b aec . His r o s brak e him o wn pine pyn py p Cu i ity d , e o er ame e er o er Feell n . i . . v c v y th g 9 - z L agu rz p aé e . ‘ 1° N e pue h1m hrr plic e le o g e

- - JEn lic an ryn .

‘ O po r c i r re le rz .

CANTO IV

1 - (Do nn-ho ne o u le ac . 2 Gape b hunh e g ran . 3 - punh pﬁ mne recpan . 4 B rri gu. 129 N O T E S .

5 ‘ S e be pe l ﬁ e mee B . 6 ’ b un b e n h al (Du u p r. ’ 7 - m . The B o ar or B o ar s h e ad w as the C re st o f the He l e t ’ s n ma w as s a re t o th e o e ss re a an d it s m a e Thi A i l c d G dd F y , I g w as c onsider e d as a n Amul e t in W ar and D efen c e t o th e ’ ’ f le s o ssar in . e . W e ar er s Li e . S ee Kemb Gl y v d p ‘ 8 - prlb e b e op .

C ANTO V.

- e a b ho nb lo ce n . p p , 2 n S o g . 3 h ‘ I n yp a g nyp e g e a c pum. 4 B n an h m b n M r e m e r en ers s : The yp p g o . . K bl d thi y - la ced i n a r i n thei r ma il coa ts : ma n a or mn 1 am p g ki g W d hy 5 , I n cir cu lo d i on er e n w e ma n r : Thei r b r ni es sp . I thi k y r e d e it y r a n : from the er h m an g V b p g . 5 n s éfc Ip e b p e . 6 a t u f n r d D é. p r plo c hmle h Th e th e e a pro u W arrio ur ’ Op e t - me cg a r The S o n s -o f- ba ttl e ‘ [ E c e hmle um ae n on ern n the ~ H e ro es ask p p b pp g . C c i g

e d . e . as e e m n n i k d th c o c erni g th emse lves . 7 e a b nnb e e m e p p p h l . 3 ‘ GJo o aa c‘ e ae p p p rpn c . 9 S pa bén a e arn : an d agai n pre sen tly by bé na ryn z . 0O O e e o e n e be an the v d néhe a o f Ho p n g p r g g , yp

mer .

CANTO VI .

D ae ‘z: he bp i ‘c t rg e r - ma e n a (Da/nn a g ch p c O lhh l r m unb c a l ipe e - : h aa p abo p é} bbe . 2 ' l w o Line s s ome thin g to thi s Effe ct seem h er e to be omit t ed the s e o n w ere of m er a s be lDul - a mah e , c d h i ght p h p p g p b e l o . ’ 3 - - S ae lma . The S e a o n s H ea s . py r b ili g , t 4 e b - h p an w g e nb e . 5 - N e a o - e a e e ah n b m: b ri . 5 ' ‘ A c rc m i b p a e c e al A g p r FGn 15 e o nb e p p . I nv ymb pe o p h rac an LaiS pi 5 latSum . 30 1 N O T E S . 7 (De a cais e n- o n p h pu . 9 ’ w arr o r s e r o . e . his orse an d rms w ere on A i H i t , i H A , his D e a the ro e r o f his o r th P p ty L d . 9 The o n o f the e e r a e e an o r V o lun d r m a Acc u t c l b t d W l d , , y ' b e fo n i n the V blun d ar a o f the a S aamun d ar an d u d Quid Edd , in t he Wilkin a a a 0 . e t s e an an d his t w o S g . xxi e q . W l d re ren e in w e e e n O n e d a es e a a e e B th liv d S d . y b id L k th y m et ree a e s w o m e o o m e an The th L di h th y t k h o d marrie d . a e s e n W ae lc rian ﬂew aw a o ne orn n The tw o L di , b i g y , y M i g . r e ren s e t o ut in se ar o f e r e s e an s ai B th ch th i Wiv , but W l d t d n r n a t h o m e a d p ac tis e d hi s A r t . Nid a g a Kin g in Sw e e den h ad him s e e the n e w s o f his e s s o as to r en e r iz d , Si L g cut ( d hi m n a e to a e a e R e en e an d on n e him o n u bl t k ctiv v g ), c ﬁ d an s an e re to a o r fo r his r e ss or H e o w e er I l d th l b u Opp . h v ’ m r e r e the n s on s an d s e e his D a er u th d Ki g S , duc d ught B o d v ild r er e w as a t a me a e e r a e mi . Th th t Ti c l b t d S th ,

A milias w ho a e n e e an to a r a o f . A milias , ch ll g d W l d T i l Skill fo r e a o f M a and e an fa r a e the w or g d Suit il , W l d b ic t d S d m n w ere w he a hr ea o f o o n o n the Mi i g, h ith cut t d W l lyi g l “a er n o t sa s e w he r e fo r e an d e n t ; but ti fi d ith it , g d it, it th th w a e n s l cut th ro ugh e h o l e B ll o f flo atin g W o o l . B i g til ssa s e he a a n o mm e t o the am es an d at the di ti fi d , g i c itt d it Fl , End of s e e n e e s ro e s o e e en a e a on a v W k p duc d xc ll t W p , th t r it cut thro u gh a w h o l e Bun dl e o f Wo o l fl o atin g in wa te . A milias r s n to his r mo r s at o w n on a o o an d , t u ti g A u , d St l ,

a e el an s r e him . e an s o an d er e e n b d W d t ik W l d did , th b i g n o a aren ffe as e A milias w a the en sa on w as . pp t E ct , k d h t S ti A mi li as said it w as as th ou gh c o ld W ate r h ad pas se d thr o ugh hi s o w e s o n w e an a e him s a e ms e f. O n B l , hich W l d b d h k hi l doin g s o th e Effe c t o f the bl o w w as appar e n t ; he fe ll d e ad in tw o e e s . The ame o f e an i s n o t et e n he pi c F W l d y xti ct , e ye t liv es i n th e Super stiti o ns rel ativ e to W ayl an d Smith . S e a so r mm . e en s a e . 1 4 20 . an d Te nt . o . 221 . l G i H ld g , p , Myth l

CANTO VII .

1 B a hin e g ép a o yu F ort h ep e - bnég an m i h t e babb an n e . 9 - a e- a po rn»bur1 h h l h . ‘ s i s e a ana o o s to e ae c e ne hp ycg . y g O p n p r " Thi x ctl l u H o meric Expr e s sio n E n supsa v wr a Oa k a o a ﬁg. ' “ b l c a an o eéb a e t é an . e . a e his L fe . D o ne o r b g p p , i t k i ' b n n e The A n lo S a on O ri e c me cg ar b e one p u o . g x res , N O T E S . d estinatus es t f ere n e c n on d es tinatus mor a o u g , ti dduci p ” e S e e m n t st . a y Ex pr e s sion s o f a lik e T e nd en cy in Ol af ’ T r y v e s on s a a an d o e r a es and a a n an o . gg S g th Pl c , g i C t xxx

. 83 an d x x xu . . 8 8 and o er ass a e s o f s o em . p , p , th P g thi P 9 a b i é an Bill r g . 7 ah in i t p D é S p a g e .

‘ 9 - S e e é o n e e nb e h . p p , r 9 e s e ne s M r m e n s t n rm th e e o o , o Th Li , . K bl thi k , g c ﬁ ew w e a e a en o f the o em a s n o t o f a on n e Vi h v t k P , S x but A gl o r Ge étic r n s Eth elw ulf w as the r s e s a on O igi , a ﬁ t W t S x n an d th e o er S a o n r e s h e n s w o u in all Ki g, ( th x T ib [thi k ld Pr obability h a v e the same Cu s tom) who all o w e d his Qu e en

, d au h t er o f ar e s t he a , to S i t es e him o n Judith g k Ch l B ld b id ’ t he r on e an d a w as i the n n e n r . s ser e s Th , th t n, i th C tu y A t ll the a e s S e d e Jud i tham aro r e s T l thu . ill K li gi ﬁ li am uam a a r e s uo ac c e erat a s e in re a s o o , q p t p , juxt g li li s uo s n e ali u a sno r m n o bili um on ro ers a e t O d s e , i q u c t v i , u qu ad o bi tum v a sua on r a erve r sam illi us en s o us e it , c t p g ti c u ” t udin e m s e e re im er avi t s s er . . 9 . 1 0 . 1 1 . w e n , d p . A p But h w e o n s er th e Or o f the s o m a e to an d a c id igin Cu t llud d , th t it d ate d n o far th e r b ack than th e R eign o f B e o htric Eth e l ’ w f s r an fa er w ho e . D . 00 W n o t s e em ul G d th , di d A 8 , it ill pro babl e th a t it w as the Cu s to m of all th e S axon Tr ib es . T he Cu s tom o rigin at e d i n th e H a tr e d o f the W e st S axo ns to t he w e e e n Ead burh w e o f B e or htri c a s s s e r ick d Qu , if , A The r me w s tate s on the Auth o rity of ZElfre a him s e lf. C i hich a s e her to be r en ut o f n an w as the r e r o f c u d d iv o E gl d , Mu th b n he h d r e P o so n fo r a o n No e h e r Hus a d . S a pr e pa d i y u g bl ’ m an to w o m the n w as m a a e an d w ho in , h Ki g uch tt ch d , ( the S ax on Ch ro nicl e is c a ll e d W orr ) and again s t w h o m she

o e t n o ro n s fo r an sa on . The n as w e c uld g G u d Accu ti Ki g, ll as the o u r n n of the o so ne o fe Y , i g p , ’ th d ki i d Fluid b th ll Vic tims ; the indign an t P e o pl e d r ave Eadbuhr fr om the C o un t r an d e erm n e a n o o ne en e fo r s o e er y , d t i d th t th c th h uld ith e ar the Nam e o f e en o r o a Ro a ro n e b the b Qu , ccu py y l Th y ’ s e a o e . S e lman s Sid e o f th eir Kin g. S e e A ss e r a cit d b v p ’

E lfr e d . 7 . rner s n o a on s . 24 1 4 97 . , p Tu A gl S x , ii , Add t o thi s th at A ss e r e x pr e ss ly s ays the Cu sto m w as co n tr ary t o a f the o e r e o n Na ons u ltr a mor em omn ium th t o th T ut ic ti , , ’ i d est entium Theotisca r u m . S o Mr . K s ew , g till , th u gh Vi o e s n o t r e e e an o n r ma o n fro m s e t n as d c iv y C ﬁ ti thi , y I thi k , s a in the n ro o n ere c an be e o o f its I id i t ducti , th littl d ubt A ra ccu cy . ‘ 9 - S ize po lc a rpég . - - S eac e ma e c e a u the or m o Sha d ow coverin s . u h l s r p , f f g 183 N O T E S . “ For m see ms e re to be se in its s o as S ens e o f a h u d ch l tic , , th t ” n n w is w hich c o nstitute s a ythi g h at it . 1 9 h r ll b to th o Goad N e bi t: he piln a 3 2179 . T e e sha e ee n

Desir es . e . n o D es re n s a s e to e o u Un e as ne ss . of , i i u ti ﬁ d giv y i

CANTO X .

1 ‘ ’ me t oo e b lb o . The Cr eator s Gr a ce o r f o f ra e r y , Gi t G c ’ r a e r the r ' th G e ek Xdpt oua th an xa pi g. 9 ‘ I e n a c z p yr . 3 E fi ~ e - e o a b g p ne . 4 Nat: he a a ob a. The e a ears er e as M r . p p g T xt pp h ,

e m e o ser es v er orr an d n n e e . a e K bl b v , y c u pt u i t lligibl I h v the r efo r e v en tu re d to r ea d pon e E ttmii ller r en d er s N enn er d e r e n B r an c h th e s om o f the it , icht k t Gut , Cu t

o o o n e s . e . o f er o e s . ere i s n o o r for G d ", i H But th W d s o m in the e an d mo r e o e r i f e r e w e r e s Cu t T xt , v , th , thi w o uld r equire the d e ﬁnit e fo rm o f the Adj ectiv e pap a 3 6 b e n a . D r . r un d t v i m s th e a s e e n re G g o it Cl u ti ly . 5 lIli - éb a e - i é u S n ar r e s s on an d g rp s p p . A i gul Exp i , ana o o s t o th s h f l g u e Cl a sic al N o tio n o f t e Thr e ad o F ate . ’ It l o o k s much as i f the W a lcyrian w e r e in the Writer s

n . S e e r mm 22 s Mi d G i . Te ut . Myth o l . p. 9 e t e q . 5 S c ap - u g e n g é .

CANTO XI .

’ 1 ‘ ‘ n e r Cover Mist . U c n mir c ble ii b um . Und e of 9 ’ R e e e m c d r irhan . 3 Um- pa g e p . B n- o m ar e he nn e r f d i s o sm o f H u é lo c an . C p t M a o p g ’ man r e e m o e b the in . af s S a a a P y pl y d y Witch St Ol g , Ch p

t er 1 37 . 5 S n- n y r ab um . 5 S e an b e é la e -b a c p g n g . 7 e a o - b e é um D e e is a wi ld B east w en e the p b n . p , h c ‘ ‘ - - En . D eer . e a o o e é b e b e é an d s m ar g P b p , Dil n, i il Ex pre ssio n s are c o n s t an tly fo u n d in An gl o S ax on Po e try fo r ” a W arri m r r w h r o ur . Si il a ly in H eb e is u se d t e W o d j a on n j gg Ly .

8 T he Ir on-band s may perh aps h av e b een to s e cure the a n for the n w as ho n - e éi a e and V ulti g, Buildi g p g p, V ult d 134 N O T E S .

nna e d w e n e w e ma se h m n er Pi cl , h c y e th at t e Po e is no t a t i o ur to the In tro ducti o n i n to this C o un try o f th e K no w l e dge f o c o ns tructin g the Ar ch an d l o ading the Po in ts o f Thru s t

w nn a es . A n d a a n in an o . 6 9 w o ith Pi cl g i C t xxv . p , it uld s e em th e s em o f a t n am ers and n the Sy t v ul i g Ch b , gildi g o ss es o f the R s w as in o B ib V gu e . 9 N ’ ymbe li g e r pa é m S ul e on l p g rpabu e .

1 ° ‘ 8 pé3 fi p a- r c ag N e e - n e ah ip g h e . 1 1 ’ D a an i e -le zi e n l r g rn ra g . 1 9 ’ ’ E nyne - le ti é 1 3 O n ba rn p a g e D i e li rr r pe r .

- ‘ — e le ha c o n be élb . Mr e m n b l p . K bl e c o siders that in a o em o f the A e o f s o ne h e l ma be r en er e D ea th P g thi y d d , ” a s t he e an he l he li a . H e Ic l dic , al so pro po s e s to r e a d - e e ha : t um w n o e o ns r es mor e n a r a b ll } hich u d ubt dly c t u tu lly , ” e r a s h - but p h p t e d o ubl e Accu s atio n h e ld him a D eath h o ld i s a m ss d i ibl e .

CANTO XII .

1 ~ Ne hi ] li p-b ag ar E e éb a amg um

‘ ‘ Nyc t e c e alb e . 2 ‘ D a hie m e ahc on e. ‘ 1 n yp 11! The G yan te o f Ro man c e are o ften i n vul ne r abl e by and

s e om use the w o r . r mm s a s e ld S d G i y (T ut . Myth o l . ' S tein e un d Fe l sen sin d d e s R i e s enge s c li le c ts W afl en ; es e r a n ur e nk e en S t ein sc hi ld e e n e S w er e r g b ucht St i ul , , k i ch t . H r fingnis W affe heis s t H em ; a ls s re ge w orfen in d er Luft mit Thérs amme r sammen f r ra s ie un d ein Th l H zu uh , b ch ei ” fi el eu B ad en : d av on k o mm en all e H e i n berg (Schl eifs tein

fe sen her . S n . 1 08 1 09 . S atere a e n e en d e n R esen l ) , p S g l g i

a s an en v o n 24 e n z u. R o . 6 87 1 6 6 2 rn St hl t g , Ell , th , , hu .

iir . 6 2 2 . 6 8 2 . Si e ndt Lassb . 1 4 . H a . S , , g ( ) ( g )

I w ein 5 022 R o e 5 05 8 . o e 6 6 82 r s . 1 5 980 ( u t K lb , T i t ,

1 6 1 46 : I s en stan e Nib . 4 6 0 . d e m P an d urus un d B itias g , i

A e n. 9 6 7 2 e r e V e ld e k R i e se n natur un d i serni Ko l ( , ) v l iht ’‘ v en E o e n S tahe li n f r d as r e s e H eer ( n . K lb uh t i ig

on G orli an d s . W h . 3 5 21 3 95 24 3 9 6 1 3 : e n e aa K ig , , , , , i St l s an R e s e Lan ben d an s k e ser 1 VV ahrsc heinlich t g i g ( vi , e l we d c ab e r w ir d un t e r d m e a d s ar e o tensi . B e o w . 5 953 ” i s er an en u d e entisc helm e n steinerne v st d ; a ch r B eo w .

1 36 N O T E S .

8 ‘ Unp e ha n e c an . S o th e N e n en L e 8 42 2 . n p r ib lu g i d , , D 6 e r d e n lint d r achen an d en r slu b e ge o c . 9 O n e alle . A s s mak e s n o s en se I a e en re p thi , h v v tu d e e to r ea d p al . 1 ° ‘ - Dnihc lic ine n . 1 1 o r n to the a an d o s S a h e arr e a w a Acc di g Edd V l . g . c i d y the Tr easu re o n his H o rse Gi an i . 1 9 I h av e n o Id e a to w h a t Ev en ts R e fe ren c e is h ere mad e b the o e . or n to e er o un a n o w o f y P t Acc di g v y Acc t th t I k , Si e gfrie d w as mu rth e re d in t he v ery full es t Bl o o m o f Gl ory ’ n e o ss in the o e s n m n ma and Fo r tu . But p ibly P t Mi d Sig u d y h av e b ee n id en tiﬁe d w ith the unfor tun at e Sigmun d Kin g o f

r n w o se D e a is r e a e b . r e T ur . . 6 Bu gu dy h th l t d y S G g . iii . 1 3 s is a e r o s r e assa e an n o e a n . Thi v y b cu P g , I c t xpl i it 1 4 W . r mm . e e nsa e . 1 6 o n s er s the r me s G i (H ld g , p ) c id C i h ere r e fe rr e d to ar e th o s e of Sigmun d r an d S i n ﬁ o tli in th e ir ar a er as e rew o e s n o e in the n ro o n B e d Ch ct W lv , tic d I t ducti ’ w f e em en s e n as r e a as o s e o f m n an d ul s Achi v t b i g g t th Sig u d , his r er as a r e and en e n te ns e Ch a act t u g tl K ight qui u ulli d , ’ hi s F ame w as o f a high e r grad e th an e v e n Sigmun d s . 1 5 O b - bﬁ e m a er a s be n e e ssar to t e }: bpy p . It y p h p c y s ome R ead e rs that B ower in the o e tr an d Ro man e mi n d , , P y c f h e e s m e ans (1 Cha mber s o a a Lad e s o t e Middl Ag , , th t y ” o er is w a w e s o a a o o r . B w , h t h uld c ll B ud i

CAN TO XIV .

1 ‘ mi h c‘ D unh D pi h c ne r . 9 N e b i B‘ h e an i g p a g ab

n S e e an o . n . [Do ri ulb e pil a . C t ix 3 Thi s is a v e ry s in gul ar M et aph or . ' Xc liyu e ran b apaS - ‘ ’ l e I n ml b o ﬁ p D e ari pe be - po ng e n B e alp o n be n b n m . 4 - ‘ S t yl e g e lico r c - pape n e r ho nc rpo nu .

C A NTO XV

' 1 Xc g e -réc e au rc e al S a l p / Nyb e g e -nyb e b

' Ni pESa [I r e ad n ipa] beanna. 137 N O T E S .

- n b E p unb bue na, t é e D e anpe r p . li - o m D a n hi r c h a . e - be b b e a t Le g p p r , ’ S pe pe é a pt e p rymle .

- B a o f the so e ar er s . e ea man of the son ut e ch ul b (i . ch ) s f e n e ss n a n the ar s a fo r e b n e c e s o Wick d , i h biti g E th , h ll , c d y s 1 t se e the r e a a e 1. e . e w ere hi s o o n y , k dy Pl c ( H ll) , h B dy , ” - D e a be d fas s e e e af er an e . s is so m o th t , l p th t B qu t Thi i c er e n an d n n e e a e e e the as sa e to be h t u i t lligibl , th t I b li v P g

e r o rr Mr . em e o ns ers an n er o a on . v y c upt . K bl c id it I t p l ti D r Grund tvi r en er s s . g d it thu

' a r e h v er at s k ond t S a M k , j i l g mes le t Ula m e Ti p , D e t d o e r e n tv un en S a g g g,

Fo r hv er a rli g K a mpe . N aar b an aae r fra M 0 V un g d g , r o e n r o s al ar e K g , t d F , H vo r h an hv iler Kr o ppen sin

hI n r f s v r . a d g at o r a e p 93 .

But c an thi s by any po ssibility be e xtracte d from the n o - a on o r d s ? A n d i f o i s m more n e A gl S x W , it c uld , it uch i t l ’ ligibl e ? Ettmulle r s Ve r si on giv es a cl o se T ransl ation o f the

r n a w all it s s r . H e o w e er s a e s i n hi O igi l , ith Ob cu ity h v t t s n o e a the ass a e i s e e n n er o a e . ro Le o t th t P g vid tly i t p l t d P f. o e s n o t m en o n i n his ebe rS i ht S hald m s d ti it U c . c e o e is n o t or e n e e i t lligibl . 9 D r . Thor ke lin s o ses H ré thw ulf to be B e 6 w ulf upp . But s i n m s s I n ll ro thi s quite i ad i ibl e . a P b ability he is R Olf Kr aki Ne e w t o Hr é th ar and S on o f a a H a , ph g , H lg til ( alg o r

H el i the o o m e n o n e in an o . 1 22 . . g g d) ti d C t I . (v K ) It is t ru e H alga an d H 6 thw ulf d o n o t s e em to c orr e spon d v e ry ’ w e ll with H e lgi an H rii lfr e xc e pt in the N ame s : but the e e n s in Lan be k are i rre c o n c ile abl on ra L g d g y c t dictory . 3 e a- la: c ﬁ - he a b F l } r n p . 4 S e e an o I . n C t V o te 7 . 5 c - i mi c ﬁ pe r p g . 5 - (Di n?) a n e5 a a p p a.

CANTO XVI .

1 ’ P aid the pe ne o r s um at w hich the H ero s Life w as r e ko ne . m on the old e o n N a ons an d s in c d A g T ut ic ti , ( till s o me o f the G e rman S tates) e very man was v alue d at a 138 N O T E S .

erta n S um a or n to his R an a e i n n o S a on c i , cc di g k , c ll d A gl x his Wer e e e an d w o e er o o his fe w as n s e (p p ) , h v t k Li pu i h d n s r by h avi g t o pay thi We e. H r oth gar o r ders the Wer e o f t he H er o w ho had b e en sl ain i n hi s S e rvic e to be paid to his n C o mpanio s . 2 [D n 136 23 b . The w s e Go d a e . i g pyp i , F t 3 The 6 en s ere m s n me an the ri sians E t h u t I thi k F . 1‘ The S axo n Wo r d bo li n g a so me C ritic s h av e manufac a re n o a a an d o n e to H na f b the men o f t d i t L dy, j i d y S acra t

arr a e m e an s in va in e rn . M i g ; but it . K p. 25 6 . 5 n . 7 . S e e C an to IV. 7 Ev e ry C o mm en tato r s ee ms t o c onside r thi s as th e S a c riﬁ ce o f a livin g S o n o f H ild eburh : but I c ann o t but thin k ’ t he o w as d e a a r e a a s H i ld e burh s r e r en an d y uth d l dy , B th ren fe in the a e an d a i t w as o n hi s e a Child ll B ttl , th t ly d d ’ w as rn e o n H n a f s f n e e B o dy th at bu d u ral Pyr e . Wh th er the E tli e lin s m e n o ne a fe w ne s efo re had ee n g , ti d li b , b , ” aw ar e b w o n s t\ ate in t h e a e o r w e re s o d d y u d F B ttl , rea e i n o no r o f the D e a is m or e an c an s a t t d h u d , th I y , but the l atte r s uppo sitio n se e ms b es t b o rne o ut by the I‘ ac t o f t th eir fallin g o n h e C o r s e . 9 e w s arr e n the W arri o ur men o n e . . a e s s M u t d , i c i d , u l ’ ti on e d be the P erso n who b ar e the Yo uth s C o rse o n hi s Sh o ulder .

9 ‘ - B e n - e ac o lab it e lice . g , b r ° ‘ 1 i i c Dar a g pp or .

CANTO XVII .

1 ’ - n pi lb e le ti ma .

- D o h a pin e g um e n a . 3 Umbo - e e n b um a am na e to nform the p p r n. I u bl i e s R e ad er to w h a t Event s the Po e t allud .

CANTO XVIII .

1 ’ in r s i s the B risin a-men o f the The B r é s gs C o ll a . Thi g

- a Thr m s a . t he famo s N e a e o f Edd ( y quid xiii , xv ) u ckl c re a w w as s o en b o and ro w n n o th e S e a F y , hich t l y L ki th i t , b e m a r ro fe sso r n n M a nus en in but r e c ove re d y H i d ll . P Fi g the e on M tho lo ic um e s an o n o f i t w e n e L xic y g , giv Acc u t h c ' ’ f w n a S ee a so Kro nin fsv ard s I e xtr act the o llo i g P rticul ars . l g

- S a o B o e V o l 1. . 6 7 . No s e o n o me w as g ibli th k , . p c d V lu

N O T E S .

A C NTO XX.

1 (Da l- a e a e a e n o t n s e er a s f p pp . I h v s crupl e d i v l ns an e s to a en a : uest str a n e w em e I t c cc t g r G g r h er e Mr . K bl h as e f n a en e an d s o t o ma e l t it u cc t d , k it 3 m) Ghost o r S ir it s O r o r a e n s e in the o e p , (thi th g phy b i g u d C d x

o n . an d o t er a e s as n r en e a s ron er and Ex h Pl c , ) I thi k it d rs t g e er sen se an the n a en e W or b tt th u cc t d d . 9 I n t he Ch ange o f G en d er h er e I h ave fo llo w e d the na O rigi l . 3 The popul ar Superstiti on s r el ativ e to the L ak e on M o nte ’ a n e ar ern w r o R n Pil to Luz ill p bably o ccur to the e ad er s Mi d . ’ e a e s w er an s no e r is e s r e i n Vid . B tti S itz l d Illu t . A th d c ib d

e n r . B r . 1 . 98 i s c a n o n a n i n a a L ib itz Sc ipt 2 . It M u t i C t l o n a in s summitate lacus e st a am c ontin en s snbni i , cuju , qu r am et in f n o im er s cr utahilem : I llic mane o fertnr e s s e g , u d p i d a mo num ad mo m alati i a a a e t an na a sa : fa es , du p dil t t , J cl u ci amemi sius m an sionis sicut i sor nm d a mo num v ul aribus t p , p , g e st n o n a e t in visibilis I n a m si s ali uam a i c g it . l cu qui q l pi d e am ant a am so am ro e cerit materi e m s a m tan , li lid p j , t ti ,

am o ffensi s d a monibns tem estas erum it . e b qu , p , p Cit d y m e K e bl . 4 t: l 'c b m ‘ls 0 5 S a yp pyr a .

CANTO XXI .

CANTO XXII .

’ ’ 1 ‘ ‘ b e a e ID a c -lic ae - e o o e n u e c ! al l p p p g rp p p n g . At wh at P eri o d t h e w av e d o r ﬂ amin g- bl ad e d S w or d s ﬁ rs t me n o u s e am n a e t o s a erha s the D e s o n c a i t I u bl y , but p p ci i o f th a t Qu e s ti o n might s o m e w h at h e lp us in as si gning a s o e m The e ar e s e a on o f the S or a D at e t o thi P . li t W p t th t e en i s in the s e m a t o e n a en its a e I h av e s Mu u C p h g , but d t i s n o t e arli e r th an the Age o f C anut e the G rea t . 9 il- b a e pp g r .

3 - n H awberk for e to ma a a n s . Le GiS ryp c a . A g d gic l Ch u t 4 ’ pa r: he n ié - re l e N O T E S .

a Nat hpi lcum p r .

5 - Ep ﬁ nb pyng e nn e . 5 jarrin g - mad a- g él iS- le Enab i g g ﬁ é h . 7 - e B p ab bp un c g .

9 ‘ - pe p e n e c b e nnb e . 9 ' - a- c ob YS e lic e S yiStSan h e r .

CANTO XXIII .

1 R oc o e c anb e l n r . 9 i n 1 6 p l e 3 0 111 113 . 5 Ou - pinb e iS g ag - p apaya 4 [Ba r ba t bléb t o S a y hat E t t e n e e n a t p ll g r . 5 i (D g hpyp e rpébp a . 5 W s eems the emale-D a mon s H ea ith , it , F d

CANTO XXIV.

‘ 1 - D a m e ra l a g e al o . 9 ‘ - [Dunb ori rm i Ba g e pe onc . 9 H e re the P o e t s ee ms i n all pr ob ability t o h ave c on fo un d e d som e H e ath en Myth ab out t he Wars o f th e G o ds an d the Gyants w ith t he No tic e o f the D53 3 ” in the Ho ly

r r s The assa e n o o 1 n hi n i s a i n the Sc iptu e . p g d ubt s Mi d th t ’ ' oo o f W s om 1 . 6 . K a i ct d a n o sr/wv B k i d , x v pxng y p, p

' - v n s d i/wv t d v r wv é i r o v né o uo v erri o edia pnp y y , n g y x g s " ’ na r a v ov a a otn' éhtn' w a im/t a n é a ev éa ew m m nv p y , pu y g y y 5 /1 9 a i i r o a the b e w as no w n t o him 5 91 7 6 xs p . P b bly Bi l k o n in the a e w e the r e e w he re thr o n li ly Vulg t , hich, lik G k , g ” a o n e nfo r n a e s o o i s n o w n to u s h as an e s l u tu t ly thi B k k , Gig t , - (th o ugh the O riginal pr ob ably w as 5 5913 13) and thu s he c ame to c onsider the Heathen Myth as an hi storic al Illu str a on o f the ns r ti i pi e d Te xt . 4 O n a m e nn e h rc .

5 : E a t S e ] e o nl pane E e - o e n b t i b n e e r a . 5 ’ D eser H eremo d Ec wela s S o n I ese e a o a i , g h ( ch l p n ’ s a e a o an w eil s on s die S kildin e Ec w ela s Nachk om t tt p n , t g g m e n gen ann t w a ren) h e rrs chte graus am iibe r einen Th eil d er D anen . Ettmuller I n i e f s o we er a e . sp t o thi h v I h v 142 N O T E S . ven ture d to pre serve th e o ld R e adin g : fo r I think w ith o ut D o the D e s en an s o f E c w e la are the S c ld in s an d ubt c d t g y g , th at Ecgw ela is but the H w ala o f the G ene al o gy given in t h ’ e n ro o n . an d i s s no t H eremﬁd s a er I t ducti p xxi , thu F th , re a - r an f e but G t G d ath r . 7 10 [ai r 3 1 8 be h e ’ T - a c i n c‘ um b pn p n pné . 9 punh rip n e pe pan .

CANTO XXV

1 De ar: nu-g e - m e ‘c e r pe l R épn e nanb - pig an R e c‘ an l ‘c r yr e . 9 ’ o e n - e hé C ll p n . 9 Le 6 - i e n p lic n .

CANTO XXVI .

1 ‘ e an o c e a o 1 e the S ea . O p n g p h l , . . 9 ‘ e - B n é r c pylm . 3 e - nb um a t pyg be p r . ’ B é n ts blé b e e n pi .

CANTO XXV II .

1 - Le oeo rync an .

9 - 8 é 3 e ap. 3 l m (De ne bna g a ru .

4 - S ﬁ nb - ﬁ b u and a e n a ne ne o ne , o me an p r g g , xt li but b th

n - i n m an [Du n p pu . 9 Nam o a r: b o ‘c e ; — nr D e on g e n e han lé b O p e n pe alo n e p .

9 - Lip g e rc e ap t a. 9 - e (Din e g e pnag .

1 4 T 4 N O E S .

CANTO XXXI .

1 - - E e l e alu e a e r e . Mo therw . M ns re s pp p p , ppl g y i t l y ,

- 237 D a e r e . , ppl g y 9 po ne - g e

‘1 - lil unb nn m ahm . 4 i - p lb e b e én. ' ’ l yn- e éb i g um m e n o n a e -h lc e T n g py r . 5 ’ e aBO - é c n i n b n p y g . 7 S e o on u b o e ven o san s . mon the p p re n . S Th u d A g ’ A n gl o - S ax on s te n ‘c ii n ap ( Vills ) m a d e o n t e éﬁ m g (Tyth ’ i n t en c‘ e éé i n e o n e hnnb e b n r e and a e r a n g ), g n (Hu d d) c t i ‘ N m e r o f h u b u e ro a the u b n o ne a reyn (Shire ) . P b bly Tho u san d s bure n b o h e re s po k e n o f me an e ach t en s uch ' Hun dre d s hun b ne b u ; an d I h a v e th e re fo r e add e d the ” W o r d V i lls t o m ak e it in te lligibl e to the o r din ary R ead er . 8 i e - n N S a s h a gb o n . 9 The o ld T e uto nic D ragons w er e ge ner ally Tr e asu re e e r k pe s . 1 9 9 The tw o - d o zen Lin e s fro m h er e t o the o th er mar k ( ) n be a e r an s a on Th n s r is e re s o c a n o t c ll d T l ti . e M a u c ipt th r uin e d th a t o n ly a fe w W o rd s h er e an d th e r e c an be d e ci

h e re d . n o e e r ese few W o r s an d o nn e in p Putti g t g th th d , c ct g th e m by m e an s o f Allu si o n s o ccurring in the subs e qu en t ar o f the o e m a e w o e n o e e r the r a men s s o P t P , I h v v t g th F g t , a s to o n e a s o far as the r e a o f the o r is o n ern e c c l , Th d St y c c d , t he e ar an e o f a a na o to a em b r a App c L cu , th ugh tt pt y c itic l C o nj e c tu r e to supply w h at i s l o s t o f the A n gl o - S ax on Te xt r s h n w o uld o f c o u e be me r e childish V anity . But fo r t e Co v e nie n ce o f o s e w ho w s t o n o w W o on s n the th i h k , ith ut c ulti g r n a w a i s r e a e e in the an s r an d w a O igi l , h t lly l gibl M u c ipt , h t is m er e u t in b m e a s R e n o a e s n s e ly p y ipi , I h v di ti gui h d the l atter by incl o sin g it in B r ack e t s thu s

CANTO XXXII .

' ‘ 1 ‘ ‘ K no S a n- ru ne pe al Perh aps A no pa n inne He pe a . 9 a na o f r e e erses w o a Le er to d e one . A L cu th V , ith ut tt gui 9 D e one mapm ar . 4 Fe o - e e ne nli b al o pn c . 145 N O T E S .

5 ’ D ii ii is ts e o - e é c g bi ll n r . 5 - H o me n le am ar . g é b e e r. H p 7 8 1131 a e en r e to r e a 8 511. . I h v v tu d d 5 B e al o - c pe alm h apa]; F e l a pe o nh - c ynn a P e o iS o u - e nb e b n r .

o b o nn p n py e . ‘ ’ e a a uht - c e a cS l r a .

- - - A Lacu n a o f tw o an d a h alf V erse s . N e b1 ' i ‘ 5 him p h c e be re l.

S um .

S t n t r o c a p e n p an e .

e a - - t e é na p h g e r n . B e ne o ng e p hyn . (D me o n an yn pill .

CANTO XXXIII .

1 ‘ L c - l a th e e nn n o f the 2nd o o f yp p o g . At B gi i g B k o

a o fo l. 1 1 . . ar s 1 5 1 4 i s the fo o w n D e scr i S x , ( b Edit . P i ) ll i g p t on o f a D ra on an d R e e for a k in him . i g , cip t c l g

Ins a n on on e e s t ra mollibus e a s ul l g p dit clivi , C o lli bus a r a t e e n s e t o ma on s a r a a g , pi c ci p d , en e e x imi um m on s o sse ssor acer vn m Hic t t ti p , I m licitus ri s ser ens cr ebris ue r e ﬂex us p gy p , q O r bi bus e t a a s n o sa o m na d uc en s , c ud i u v lu i , M ulti li c e s ue a ans s ir as v irus ue r ofund e ns p q git p , q p . em s erare o en s cl e o uo c on v e n i t Qu up v l , yp , q uti , a r nas n en d e e s c or us ue bo vinis T u i i t cut , p q T er ori bus te ito n e c amaro n a en en o g g , ud v em r a a er e s n as s an e s o c on s nit r M b p t i i , qu d p , u it . n a r s a mic an s a o e o r e r e s ultet Li gu t i ulc p tul lic t , T ri s tia ue ho rriﬁ co minitetur ner a r ic tu q vul , I n tr e id um m en s habitum r e tinere m emen o p ti t , N c c t e er mo ve at s n o s en s a me n p pi i d ti cu , N e c rigor aut r apid a j actatnm fauc e v en enum . ela e temn at vi s s uamea e n r e sub imo T lic t q , v t s se o m s o o uo fe rr m mer er e fas e st E l cu it , q u g ; H nn c m ron e e te ns me m rimaberis an uem uc p diu g , H inc m on e m s ecur us adi r ess o ue li on e t , p q g , P erfo s s o s s r are a o s m c x aere cr umen as c ut c v ,

m e c om letam u e r e d uc ad littora u im . I bu , p q p pp

B fo o w n s R e e Fr o tho s the D rag on as a s o y ll i g thi cip kill , l

in o ok . fo l . 4. F id l v er D ra on b the B vi ( 5 b . ) r e d o es ano th g y U 146 N O T E S . s ame ro es s erfossa in uinis ar e The D r a o n S c ha P c p g p t . g

e san s a n b o f e r e 11. t . 2 d , l i y W l di t ich (H ld enbuch B o o k p .

. v ui . S e e e er s N o r n . . had a Adv W b Illu t. th . A tiq p H e a o f a o rn Co n sisten ce his o er s w e re tw o s in d h y , Sh uld Ell

- - and he had a so fo r and w e n e s . Width , l u t ty L g 9 ﬁ - e E b pc apa . 3 ‘ lDe alb e no e . 4 ’ - Lan b a a . M r . K m R g e ble s e adin g. - pni n g a pe n ze l . 5 ib - n lD plo g a .

7 ‘ o - b i n um e lc pi no n c rp a . ’ 5 - ‘ S ii nb - n c r e p e ah y n . 9 e r e i s a s ma a na and the e is ro a Th ll L cu , T xt p b bly r r c o upt . ° 1 - S i ble iSa bi on . e . the S e a . g g , i 1 1 S e o b e e n nm p n r rp g .

CANTO XXXIV .

1 S t t e p e . ’ 9 - C e zrlb um e a i m . e D e a Him r e fe rs to c n r bu , i . th . d ls Ea gi . 3 - e NiiS h anb . 4 e o iS- e -n az m p n g e u . ’ 5 - IlJa I pirr . 5 ' 111 nu- e -me c e n e a p s h . 7 a e - o S pl h o n . 5 ’ Fla c e be - ii nb e n r p . 9 o n - an p n b o g . 1 9 E a t hi r byne nib e 1? o n a an n g l g . The D e a h o f a Re a o n e en if a en a m s be t l ti , v ccid t l , u t

n e a o n f r b a o m en s a n . e n e the A u av e g d o r t e d o y C p tio H c g .

S ax . e a r as e Let him bu or bear the S ear . e . Le t l g l Ph y p , i n e w the ase ro him i du r e o r buy off th e F ud . Thi s as C th ugh o ut the T e uto mc N a o ns e e n in the me o f a s an d ti v Ti T citu , l n w re s s o n as a r n e H re thel as the o d T e uto ic La t it P i cipl . t he Mun dbor a o r l e gal Gu ardi an o f hi s S o n w as b o un d e n t o h a a sfa o n in o ne d n o t e x act S ati sfactio n . W y S ti cti M y c o ul be a e e d o no t n e rs an s n e all a w e no w o f cc pt d I u d t d , i c th t k t n the o ld T e uto nic Law s e e ms o i dic a te the R e v e rse . A ’ blo o dy S ati sfacti o n h o w e v e r H re thel s fathe rly Lo v e for his w him to a e S o n w o uld no t all o t k . 1 1 - i S onh c e an g .

N O T E S .

' ‘ ‘ K c o l ia - ic - a z p g r . 5 Fo - unb n gn e n . 9 Na l n n g i g . I c a n o t h e l p thin kin g th at an r has d roppe d o ut o f s or and a Na li n i s thi W d , th t g g r e ally n o o th er th an N a lhrin r he g g t c el e b r ate d Sw o r d w hich the D w ar f A lpris o a ne fo r D e r o f e rn a s re a ed in the W i lk ina bt i d i t ich B , l t S aga . 0 . xvi . 1 ° Illii nb um he anb .

CANTO XXXVII .

1 S a hi m e -c nb p g y e pa r. 9 D e - a n b n . 3 e - [ i b e ap.

4 ‘ ‘ Fo - ac on m c h n n pn i a . 5 ‘ UJo ul o e e - e n g p o nc e r .

5 ‘ D e n - - ‘ g un s e me c e C l ll. 7 (Dunne a l- e ez e p bl . 5 ‘ D e ah un - - e c a g e m e n e h . 9 S e an S e é n . w is er a n o rr a e g r MS hich c t i ly c upt . I h v '“ e n re to r e ad e e o é n v tu d g ran . 1 9 ‘ al- e - (D g rc e ap c a . 1 1 S e le . rm amen o f e w e r p g Fi t J ll e y .

CANTO X XXVIII .

1 - C o ll e n pe nhS . 9 ‘ B e é c - o o n r h n . 9 ‘ - O n i é o e . O n e li Bo e m . a e r e a g g p , MS g , K b I h v d O n i b e g b . 4 B re n tin s M r . em e s e s s m a r o a be a g , K bl ugg t , y p b bly n w s t e rm fo r Ships in gen er al . But th ere c ertai ly a a P e o pl e o f a N ame as in a s D a o n s 2 3 w e r e a H a th t , P ulu i c u , , d ; N ar s es er amen a e r s us Smd vald B r entor um re e m buit c t dv , g , ad huc d e H e r ulo r um s r e reman ser at em s e m qui ti p ; qu cu , ” i n I taliam v en iens s m o a e r ad d ux erat . e b y , i ul Od c Cit d

: Ettmu lle r 35 . o w e e r in th e e o f a s D a on s p. H v , T xt P ulu i c u prin te d in the Go thic ar um e t Lango bai dicarum r er um ” W o r is n t S c r i to re s a o v e te r e s Lu . B at . 1 6 1 7 the o p liqu t , g , d

B r en tor um B r ebtor u m . , but 5 1 . S e e C an to XXXV . n o t e

CANTO XXXIX . 1 h- e n lIlé b o g . 9 - a pome na l pe . 149 N O T E S .

9 Fo n S a p hil b -pnuman ’ on b - e - e o c e p s p n . 4 (D n e e - a e i g pn g . 5 T e é - o an n p l g . 5 - pil e l at an . 7 - - b E ﬁ iS g e pa u . 5 S e a n nu- le é e h o p . 9 ‘ e min -m e c O p n g e . 1 9 ’ e r M r Kemble s No e on the ten a e r nes o f I xt act . t l tt Li s an i s n o t m r a a the w o e o f s thi C to . It i p ob bl e th t h l thi en n a o n f Wi laf is a a fo rm ar : s w e d u ci ti o g judici l ul y uch , n ow e arl e s e an d i n a r e ar r t m a me as r e : k , y xi t d , gul hy h ic l u ’ t he cl as sic al r e ad er n e e d n o t be remin de d of A i is to tle 9 mi o r hlo d wich s eems to ma e use o f a s m ar fo rmu n . C o k i il ar to his n sman R a nachari w ho h ad s ffe r e ms e f l y Ki g , u d hi l t o be a e n nd n e re i s the assa e from the e s a t k a b o u d . H p g G t

R e nm Franc orum . r . R er a . an d ran . v o l . g (Sc ipt . G ll F cic

. Chlo d ov en s c ur humilias ti entem n ostr a m , ii Cui dixit , g ? ut te v in c iri permitter es ? Nonn e meli us tibi j u er it mori Et e e a a enn in a e us d e ﬁ xi t e t mor s e s t . o n e r l v t bip i c put j , tuu C v s us ne ad fr a trem e us ai t s o a m fr atri t uo r a bu q j , . Si tu l tiu p

ssee illi li a tus n on a isset . m e r e t s m in a e i , g f Si ilit ip u c pit

ercussum i n terfe cit et mor s e s t . s er a n b p , tuu Thu c t i ly y a e r n to an old e on s o m an d a n u on an o ld dh i g T ut ic cu t , cti g p e o n r n e Chlo d owich o t rid o f tw o er an er T ut ic p i cipl , g v y d g o us r a s Gens n ostr a is the m a - r o f o ur e an d iv l . g bu h t xt a b l u t b rit m r i The de l; ib s élla i s precis e ly me i s i i f ue o . en e on w as a s a s ass re s us the fo n a on o f g til b d , T citu u , u d ti t he military o rganiz ation : the c o w ardic e o f on e man dis

- ra e his ens a mil or ma a r . a s s a s erm . g c d g ,f y , g b b T citu y (G

. n e c s acri s a e sse aut on m inire no m n o so fas vi ) d c ciliu ig i i , i nominiosu s w ar d er fe e d er i n k am f se n s w a ( g ig , p i child g

ew o r fen a e . Gr imm . D eut . Rechtsa lter thumer 7 3 1 g h tt , m t rs i iam nie nt The ul i supe t tes be llo rum infam l a qu eo ﬁ r u . fo ll o wi n g apo cryph al l egend r e spe cting Fr o thi c o nﬁ rm s T a ci tus r a ter e a si s i n a e i i m us fu am c a esc er e t a ; p qui ci p g p , mm c ommuni ur e a lienu exi te t . a o . . . . 8 r j s s r e S x lib 5 p 5 . G i r e ads lin e 5 7 6 7 [in the passage b e fo re us] le o fen alic g an he re mar s ii berse tz e : am o um lar i tio ensium on a k , Ich j p g , d o mnis ue a r a la a e t s en er v e s tro c e ssabun t q p t i titi , victu g i ; uilibe t v e s r a co n ationis a en s er it a re omm n o s q t g li u ju c u i,p t am o m n e s c o m ererin t fu am v e s tr am i nom i ni o s am qu h i p g , g se c e s sio n e m a om n o v e str o se ce ssi o fo r a e w d i ; ( d l , hich

Thork e lin The . had given as th e r eadin g o f the MS . MS

o w e e r has a the 1 e n e n e . o r s e n m e r o h v d ld , b i g x pu ct d ) M i v

eneroso ra s tantior e st am a robr osa. L fen ne m e g p , qu vit p u h 15 0 N O T E S .

fur leo fen victus un d ann en s r w n a nd lu en an ich , d t p icht y f g z

n s e r e r re s forme wo nne und weid e D . R e cbts alt 46 52 1 u cht l , , w e no w fro m a s erm in a o n to w a But k T citu , G . xii . dditi h t w e a e a o e e a e a w as s ome me s inﬁ 1 cte d h v b v cit d , th t d th ti on o w ar s an d a b r n a e in a m ars w up c d , th t , y bu yi g liv h ith symbo lic al c e r em o nie s ; ignavo s e t imbelle s e t c or po re in . fame s caan o a c a lud e n e a n s e r r a e m er un t . s p , i j ct i up c t , g Thi pu ni shmen t appe ar s t o h av e be en cho se n b ec au s e it w as in

- ﬂi te d l . r mm c upon femal e sl av e s ; vid . Atl a ma Upo n it G i r em ar s D . R e s 6 95 a th e tr ad l tio n r e m a n e 111 k , cht Alt . , th t i d t he o em s o f th e m e a e s an d e s o n a . 32 Q7 . an d p iddl g , cit B c ,

s ar Flohh atz . 3 6 a . he o e s a so the fo llo w m n e r Fi ch t , , qu t l g i t e s n ass a e no o en e r e le thi d e e c tus ad a a uaa ti g p g v g , j c put q Ferentinaa r a e s er ne n e a s ax 1 s ue c o n e s us mer e , c t up i j ct , q g , g r e tur . s . 5 1 is m e ef a th e o ld . Tit Liviu i . But it y b li th t traditi on go t 1 n to the po ems fro m t he pro v e rb s in th o se o f m an n a on s s sur v1 v e s a ma er e ser n o f remar y ti it till , tt d vi g k b e c au se many prov erb s ow e th eir o rigin to th e cus to mary law as on the o er an m an s r n fro m re lr io us o h , th h d , y p i g g v n f The ro er s ser anc e s a d th e s uper s titi ons o a pe o pl e . P v b to w a e w be fo n Gr uter or . . 1 3 6 . R a . hich I llud ill u d , Fl p y '

. 2 1 . Gzirtn . D . ro . 6 8 . o w e . 5 85 0 . p ict P v , b H l , p ,

CANTO XL .

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1 5 2 N O T E S .

A C NTO XLII .

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4 1 lb e - b e t b 6 r . 5 n o b e O p . 5 D e mé ma yn b r .

C ANTO XLIII .

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r a er an e s e ood . o n fe em . in o o . th th xclu iv ly W C r . K b l c

r mm D e nt . o . 46 7 an d the o ssar to er G i . Myth l , Gl y B g ’ ’ m ann s P o e me s d e l Ed d a . 0 5 5 213 ‘s he laa bé n - hﬁ r - n ae b e D e bno c e h p . 4 T he eight Lin e s b e tw e en the tw o M ar k s c ann o t be a e r an s a on the in a ar eru to o m i a c ll d T l ti , MS . th t P t b g uch e r a e re a e the fe w e e o r s jur d to be e ad . I h v t t d l gibl W d e a as o s e in an o s and and so x ctl y I did th C t XXXI XXXII , e r ﬁll e d up s o as n o t t o in c o nv e nienc e the R e ad . 5 ‘ é b on eer: he ae e Cp b p p , (D o lb - c nm a yn y g , (Dan na m l lb u 'c r , T ub mon

L b u lié o t e é m r . - t I nn lop g e op n o r . X I N D E .

B e6 w ulf The S c ldin , y g, xvi .

Abulfara 1 25 . x xu . 3 . g , am e ne a o o f n s The W ae mun din a M Ad , G l gy Ki g g g, y

fro m . t ho lo l c al e n , xxi g B i g, xvi .

A d l ls . E ad ils 1 1.. . , vid g . xx xxiv

E lfre d . H e ar s of t he R a a e o f , xxvi v g

JElla o f No r m er an 1 5 1 . D enm ar an d re ar es thu b l d , k , p p ’ he r t o ai d the D n s zE sc e , 5 2 . 5 5 . a e , 9 , e t

A l ubaro ta assa re o f P r1 s e . 1 7 . 7 7 . j , M c q

s o e r s at 1 5 1 . A rr1 v e s an d 1 s n r o e u , , i t duc d

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r i n n 4 . 1 7 . 33 . a s ren e 30 . 34 . A ch , Buildi g , Sl y G d l ,

6 9 . 1 33 . H is o ar 33 . P pul ity ,

A rchrte c t ur e . o e b H ré th ér , xxiv Ad pt d y g ,

rmo r a n 1 4 22 . 5 9 . 87 . A u , Ch i , . 1 0 6 a s a N er 55 . Sl y ick , .

A r tric or H ard e ri c 1 . . a s an d s a s r e n , , x x xxi Att ck l y G ’ d s r n e o e r 5 7 . 6 0 . A tvi , xxxvi . l M th ,

- ss er . 1 32 . R e rns o m e 7 0 7 4 . A , xxx tu h ,

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o n 90. g , B R e fu se s th e Th r o n e W hil e

B aeld ee . the nfan e r ll v e s 92 . g, xxxiv i t H i , ’ - an e 24 . 3 9 49 . 7 6 . e e s t o the ro n e 92 B qu t . Acc d Th ,

ar r o w m a e o e r a T o mb 1 8 . o e s to a a t he D r a B d v , G tt ck

1 08 . 1 21 . o n 9 g ,

B e d w i x v rii . . i s W the D r a on g, xxi F ght ith g ,

B e on o c B e anstén . 22 . 9 . 1 04 . , , xxxiv 9 ix M4 I N D E X .

B e 6 wulf His o ow e rs ake o e n a e n M useium 1 23 , F ll t C p h g , ,

1 00 . 1 3 5 1 Flight , , 40 . e Wi laf a b s s the r on an d e a on x vn . Aid d y g , l y C ight Wh t ,

D1 a o n 1 05 . C u D r n n o rn e r o n g , p, i ki g, B u d m o r a w o n b th e e e e n 25 . 4 6 . 7 8 . t lly u d d , y Qu ,

1 05 . s o m o f the a er o e s to Cu t H ll , H e s D r n e o s for his e e ar 49 . Giv i cti k p Gu d , ne r a 1 08 Fu l , .

D es 1 09 . i ,

H is o r ne 1 21 . D an 1 11 B dy bu d , , xv .

e r mann . 1 5 2. D an e s resse b ren e B g , xxxii , Opp d y G d l ,

B e vm . B e 6 w ulf 8 . 20 . , v . r s an a e o f re e a e o n er r es an 4 2 Bi d , L gu g , v l d C qu F i l d ,

to Si ur dr afm sbani 4 5 . g F ,

. . D e ere b e ow f xxxvii xli liv d y B ul ,

o ar The re s o f the H e l 0 0 . B , C t

me t 5 6 . 1 29 . D a e of o em x lv . , t P ,

B 0 B o errnus & c . . B e éw ulf D e a The ho w d 1s ose d of , , v , d , , p ,

x xu . 2 . 43 . 1 21 . 1 23 . ’

o o . W o n . x . e s n n n e . x n R i o n s o e a B d , v d , xx xxi t G C v t ,

B o d v rld r . 1 30 . 2 . 1 20 .

B o r hi ld r . R e o n o f the 1 35 . 1 47 g , xxxv gi , D a B recc a x x x u i . 21 . e a o f a R e o n m s be , th l ti u t

B re n tin s 1 08. 1 48 . a en e o r a o n e for b g , v g d , t d y

- B risin a men . B ro sin s . o m en s a on 1 46 . g , v g C p ti ,

ro n B ron din s x x xiu . 21 . D emons e s en e fr o m a n B d , g , d c d d C i , ’ B ro sin s o ar 47 . 8 4 . 1 38 . 5 . 49 . g C ll ,

B r n hild r Xll l l D e r x xu . 1 48 . y , xxxviii . . i t ich , n W B r nho lm 1 3 1 . D o o m o f the oo a d e y , G d ick d ,

a . 8 . 24 . Buddh , xx

rn n the D ea 43 . 1 21 . D ra o ns x xx vu . . x hu . 1 45 . Bu i g d , g , xl

D 1 sso lve at e a 3 5 . 1 38 . d th ,

- A r e r e as re e e e rs . T u k p , xl

8 . . 1 44 . C 35 . 5 88 ’ a e R o b a n o s er o f 5 . 49 . 1 26 . The D ra on s C i , P t ity , g C v

ar ema n e 1 5 1 . be d 85 . Ch l g , , re and e C hi l e ri c . re a e p , xl B th Fi liv

o n 88 . 99 . C hlo d o wick , 1 49 . l g, a s the i v . Hi e lac . D ra on T he a Cho chila cus , g g , , tt ck

o f his Go d e a s 8 9 . C ua rsr s trippe d G t , B e 6 wulf b the n ew R e 1o n I s e b , 9 9 . h e ad y lig , kill d y

1 04 . xxiii .

ee o n 1 1 . r s an The o r o f B e6 I s f , 7 Ch i ti , Auth ﬁ ty F t l g wn n o t he S ea w f a x x vil i. . 1 24 . ro , ul , xliv Th i t

in m tho 1 20 . Ch ro no l o gy vi o l ate d y 1 Tradmo ns . Dr nk en 1 3 l o gic al , xx u ,

156 I N D E X .

’ G an ts o se s Gibborim 1 25 . Hl al rekr . y , M , p , xl

1 4 1 . Hi elac o f the e ﬁ ts g , n G , W e a n n o s o f and a a s x xv . 9 . 1 7 . 3 2 . 7 6 . 84 . p , g i t , xxvi .

1 34 . 94 . 1 1 3 . fths G 9 6 . D ea o f 85 . 9 1 . y , th , xxv .

1 1 2 . 1 50 .

Hild ebuhr x x x m . 42 . 4 H , 5 . ’ H aer e th H d s a er x x vn . 1 38 , yg F th , .

7 4 . Hnaef. x x x m . 4 2 . ’

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a e n e o r Hii ni . x 111 . on d scio 1 43 . H g , g , xli H ,

a a o r H e l i . . 1 37 . orn D r n n 20 40 . 47 H lg , g , xvi H , i ki g, . .

- H ama o r se r a e s 3 6 . , H c ,

H a uon . O n . H raedla 1 9 . q , v —, H ar d er ic . r 1 . H refna w o o 1 13 . , v A t ic d , ' H re thel Hi e lac s a er , g F th ,

H athr a o r H ad r as . . 7 4 , , xviii xxi xxvi . .

a ar x viu . Hrethmen 1 8 . H v d , , ’ - H ealfd ene H ald ane x vi . . Hrone s n e s s B e 6 w u1f s E u , , xviii ,

- 3 . 7 7 . r al a e 1 21 . i pl c ,

H e ai d r ed 1 . 9 2 . ro ar n o f D enmar , xxv H th g , Ki g k ,

- H e atho be ar d an 7 8 . ene a o . 3 . , G l gy , xvi ’ - H e atho r aeme s . 21 . s H e o ro t 4 . , xxxiv Build , H e atho - laf s a n b Ec theé w re s s e b ren e 8 , l i y g O pp d y G d l , .

1 9 . 20 . 37 .

a e w W l H el msk rin la . . s e g , xxii xxv Buy P c ith y

e 8 . 24 . 34 1 34 . ﬁ n s 1 9 . H ll , . g ,

H e lmin s 25 . C onﬁ d e s th e s o o f g , Cu t dy

e mm n 1 . his as e to e ow f H i g , xxvi i C tl B ul ,

e n e s . 1 . 43 . 26 . H g t , xx xxxi i

H eo ro ér . 3 . 6 5 . o s B e 6 w u1f 37 . g , xvi Ad pt ,

H eo r o t o r R o esk1 ld e 4 . 1 8 . R e w ar s B e6 wulf an d his , , d

om ani o ns 83 . C p ,

a e b r en e 6 . o n s e ow f as te r Att ck d y G d l , App i t B ul M e e s a e w on e o f the a a r and A r St r t p v d ith St , C v l y

1 4 . mo r 4 1 . u y ,

- n re b the o f His e e 6 5 6 9 . I j u d y Fight Sp ch , B e 6 w ulf an d r e n e His a men to B e6 G d l , Att ch t

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H e reri c 11 . 4 6 . , xxv

H r thw ulf o r R o lfr . 46 . H ere mo d . 35 . 6 6 . o , xvii . xviii , xvi

Hr n tin 5 6 . 6 9 . 1 4 1 . u g ,

H ermanaric . Eormanric . an 97 . , v Hug , r é H erm an n 1 . H unfer th H th ér S ra or , xxxv , g O t ,

0 1 . 45 . 5 7 . H etware , 1 5 . 2 15 7 I N D E X .

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s an 7 5 . Hu b d , ’

arr e s O ifa 7 5 . lin B e é w ulf s S w o r M i , n g , d ,

1 03 . 1 48 .

Ne n n ius . I , xxx

I n e ld . . 80 . N e n e n x 11 . 1 3 6 . g , xvi xviii ib lu g ,

N rs 1 . n es re o f a n 84 . e 7 . 23 5 5 . I v titu Ki g, ick ,

I o rmann k . E o rm anric . Nid un . 1 30 . , v g, xxxvi

I termo n . . No a . , xviii xxi h , xxi J O

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O f a m 1 ar e ro 4 3 . il t y H , K 1 38 .

e m e . His W o r i s o n O n . VV ﬁd en . K bl , xv k c di , v

stan tl se . Offa x x v il i . 7 5 y u d , .

r an er O htere 1 01 . K tz . Alb t , xix . xxvii . ,

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O n x . , xix

O n e n the dw . 96 . L g , xxix

a m an n . 1 35 1 1 5 . L ch , xliii .

L a e M s ten o us w ere the O rn r s a 1 5 1 . k , y , h i t , m n s D e o r e s e 5 3 . ro s s . id , O iu , xxvi

s e s o n e r D e a O slaf o r O rd laf . 45 . Sub id th i th , , , xxx

6 3 .

an o rne . x x vu L gh , xviii . P

L e n 1 4 0; P almun d 1 35 . ib itz , ,

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nn a e s 1 34 . Pi cl , o em o rs n d D e o f M P , Auth hip a at

M arbo d . t he . l , xx xxi . , xliv x vi . ’ - a er s n e m 1 21 1 5 2 . o s o n o ls in the a er M tt E y , . P i b i W t a e w o f W w er e t h es m n s er e D e mo n s are 5 5 . M tth t i t , h ,

. 82 xxxiii .

e a 1 . 20 . r son ers o f W ar ut to D e a M d , P i p th , -w ioin e re s 1 1 3 . 1 5 0 . M g ,

on e a o 1 40 . r o o s 1 50 . M t Pil t , P c piu , a M un d bo r , 1 4 6 . M us e ium at o en a en C p h g , Q 1 23 . e e n arr e s t he C u to the Qu , c i p M us 1 . ill 5 2 e s s in an e 25 . 46 . p , Gu t B qu t , M o o al ara er o f an 8 yth l gic Ch ct 7 . 1 5 8 I N D E X .

- een no t a ow e in e sse S w ic thél 1 5 2 . Qu , ll d W x , t o sit on a r o a ron e S w o r e a w n o t ac t y l Th , d , M t llic , ill

1 3 2 . a a n s G ants an d D emo ns g i t y ,

3 2 . 5 9 . 1 1 2 . 1 34 .

R a n 36 o so n e 5 6 . ci g, P i d ,

- R a n ar Lo d brok v . a e a e 5 7 . g , xxx . xliii W v bl d d ,

1 5 1 . 1 40 .

e i n n m R n o r Rei in . e n a ss o e g , g , xxxvii A ci t gic , di lv d xxx1 x . by the Bl o o d o f G re n ’

R erer . e s D am 6 2 . 6 4 . , xxxv d l ,

R n s en b n s t o e r Nae lin 1 03 . 1 48 . i g giv y Ki g th i g g,

o o w ers 2 . 21 . 5 7 . 6 7 . B r n n 5 6 . 6 9 . F ll , u ti g,

U se fo r M one 1 23 . d y ,

R 0 R oe sk rld e 1 24 . . , xvii . T

Ro man s ere r sone rs Taet wa o r T e tuas . . butch d P i , , , xix xxi

1 0 . o msen rof. 1 23 . 5 Th , P , ’ ro es Grend e l s A rm 5 3 . T phi , ,

37 3 9 . ’ ’ S eehald Gren d el s and his D am s , xxvii . ,

S aefu el e a s 6 3 . g , xxvii . H d , S ami azus , 1 26 , 1 27 .

a o Gr ammatic us . . S x , xx xxvii

1 45 an a s 1 4 . . V d l , a n o f s 3 a on ro n e x . Roo f 1 3 . S x Ch icl , xvi V ulti g ,

ef o s re o f and am V e c ta, . Sc , Exp u , F ily, xx

V ermun d 1 1 1 . xvi . xvi1i . 1 . , xv x S c ldin s o r Sk tildun ar . V 1 ta , x . y g , j g , xvi

V olsun r 1 11 . 1 35 . o r S k bld . . , Scyld , j , xvi xxi g xxx - D es 1 V o lsun a a a, x lm . i , . g S g xxxix n S c lﬁ n s . V on d er H a e , . y g , 3 g xv - S e a mo ns er s 22 . t , S i e ar \V g g , xxvii .

W ae d ee . S i e e at . , g g , xxvii g g xxvii

n s . 1 0 1 . Si v a t . W a mundi , Siggy, g , xxxv g g xxv

n x x vn . m n S i ur d r afnisbani W a lc ria , Sig u d ( g F , y

W a lsin s o r V blsun ar 35 . Sifrit e fr e . . , g , , Si g i d) , xxxiv xliv g 1 1 W althe é w . 25 . 47 . 7 8 . 34 . 1 23 . 1 35 , 1 3 6 . 5 . , xvi

1 . n a an m t , 30 Sig y , xxxiv . xxxv . W yl d S i h

W e e rs . 1 7 . 1 02 . 1 2 5 . me o n o f D r am . d , Si u h , xvii xxv

e r 1 46 . S inﬁ éith Fl te la . e b , , v . W

n 1 9 . 32. s1 1e C ze cili a . e a d , Si , , xxxvi W l Weld e 1 . S tre se us ef. , , v . Sc g x x ere 1 37 . S uebd ae x xu . , g , W

a e 22 . 1 3 1 . S w e e d s 9 6 . Wh l , ,

S c lﬁ n r n e 1 01 . w o r ta S w er tin S v ar tic k Wi laf, a g , S , g , , g y P i c

x x w i 1 1 9 . x1 x . xxi . xxvi . .