DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter Four Background of Fiji Islands and Rotuma

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter Four Background of Fiji Islands and Rotuma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µSRYHUW\ RI RSSRUWXQLW\¶'HVSLWHWKHIHUWLOLW\RIWKHLVODQGWKHUHLVDGHDUWKRIVRFLRHFRQRPLF DQGHGXFDWLRQDORSSRUWXQLWLHV)URPDQHDUO\DJH5RWXPDQVDUHHQFRXUDJHGWRVHHN WKHLU IRUWXQHV EH\RQG 5RWXPD¶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¶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¶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«««««««««««««««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¶PD̨O̩OXP0LJUDWLRQIURP5RWXPD +RXVHKROGVZLWK0LJUDQW0HPEHUV 0LJUDQWVSHU+RXVHKROG L[ 'XUDWLRQRI0LJUDWLRQ 'HVWLQDWLRQRI5RWXPDQ0LJUDQWV &RQQHFWLRQWR0LJUDQWV 5HDVRQVIRU0LJUDWLRQ ,QWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQ+RXVHKROGVDQG0LJUDQWV 5HPLWWDQFHVWR5RWXPD 5HFHLSWRI5HPLWWDQFHV 7\SHVRI5HPLWWDQFHV &DVK5HPLWWDQFH)ORZDQG8WLOLVDWLRQ 5HPLWWDQFHVLQ.LQG +RXVHKROG3HUFHSWLRQRQ0LJUDWLRQDQG5HPLWWDQFHV 3HUFHSWLRQRQWKH,PSDFWVRI5HPLWWDQFHVRQ+HDOWK 3HUFHSWLRQRQWKH,PSDFWRI5HPLWWDQFHVRQ(GXFDWLRQ 3HUFHSWLRQRQ,PSDFWRI5HPLWWDQFHVRQ/LYLQJ6WDQGDUGV 3HUFHSWLRQRQWKH,PSDFWRI5HPLWWDQFHVRQ/LYHOLKRRGV ,PSDFWRI5HPLWWDQFHVRQ7UDGLWLRQDO/LYHOLKRRG$FWLYLWLHV &RQFOXVLRQ &+$37(56,;&21&/86,21$1'5(&200(1'$7,216 &RQFOXVLRQ 7KHRUHWLFDO/LQNDJHVWR)LQGLQJV 6XPPDU\RI%URDG)LQGLQJV 5HFRPPHQGDWLRQV )XWXUH5HVHDUFK %LEOLRJUDSK\ $SSHQGLFHV [ /,672)7$%/(6 7DEOH 5HVHDUFKRQWKH,PSDFWRI5HPLWWDQFHRQ(FRQRPLF*URZWK 7DEOH 3DWWHUQVRI6DPSOH6HOHFWLRQIURP&RPPXQLWLHVLQ5RWXPD 7DEOH 3RSXODWLRQRI5RWXPDQVLQ0DLQODQG)LMLDQG5RWXPD,VODQG 7DEOH :RUNIRUFHLQ5RWXPD /,672)),*85(6 )LJXUH 7RS7HQ5HPLWWDQFH5HFHLYLQJ&RXQWULHV )LJXUH 7UHQGVDQG3DWWHUQVRI,QWHUQDWLRQDO0LJUDWLRQ )LJXUH 'LVWULEXWLRQRI,QWHUQDWLRQDO0LJUDQWVE\'HVWLQDWLRQ )LJXUH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO0LJUDQWVE\$JHJURXS )LJXUH 7UHQGVLQ:RPHQ0LJUDQWVE\5HJLRQ )LJXUH 3XVK3XOO0LJUDWLRQ)DFWRUVDQG,QWHUYHQLQJ2EVWDFOHV )LJXUH 7KH6XVWDLQDEOH/LYHOLKRRGV)UDPHZRUN )LJXUH 7UHQGVLQ5HPLWWDQFHVDQG2WKHU)LQDQFLDO)ORZV )LJXUH &DSLWDO)ORZVWR'HYHORSLQJ&RXQWULHV
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rotuman Educational Resource
    Fäeag Rotuam Rotuman Language Educational Resource THE LORD'S PRAYER Ro’ạit Ne ‘Os Gagaja, Jisu Karisto ‘Otomis Ö’fāat täe ‘e lạgi, ‘Ou asa la ȧf‘ȧk la ma’ma’, ‘Ou Pure'aga la leum, ‘Ou rere la sok, fak ma ‘e lạgi, la tape’ ma ‘e rȧn te’. ‘Äe la nāam se ‘ạmisa, ‘e terạnit 'e ‘i, ta ‘etemis tē la ‘ā la tạu mar ma ‘Äe la fạu‘ạkia te’ ne ‘otomis sara, la fak ma ne ‘ạmis tape’ ma rē vạhia se iris ne sar ‘e ‘ạmisag. ma ‘Äe se hoa’ ‘ạmis se faksara; ‘Äe la sại‘ạkia ‘ạmis ‘e raksa’a, ko pure'aga, ma ne’ne’i, ma kolori, mou ma ke se ‘äeag, se av se ‘es gata’ag ne tore ‘Emen Rotuman Language 2 Educational Resource TABLE OF CONTENTS ROGROG NE ĀV TĀ HISTORY 4 ROGROG NE ROTUMA 'E 'ON TẠŪSA – Our history 4 'ON FUẠG NE AS TA ROTUMA – Meaning behind Rotuma 5 HẠITOHIẠG NE FUẠG FAK PUER NE HANUA – Chiefly system 6 HATAG NE FĀMORI – Population 7 ROTU – Religion 8 AGA MA GARUE'E ROTUMA – Lifestyle on the island 8 MAK A’PUMUẠ’ẠKI(T) – A treasured song 9 FŪ’ÅK NE HANUA GEOGRAPHY 10 ROTUMA 'E JAJ(A) NE FITI – Rotuma on the map of Fiji 10 JAJ(A) NE ITU ’ HIFU – Map of the seven districts 11 FÄEAG ROTUẠM TA LANGUAGE 12 'OU ‘EA’EA NE FÄEGA – Pronunciation Guide 12-13 'ON JĪPEAR NE FÄEGA – Notes on Spelling 14 MAF NE PUKU – The Rotuman Alphabet 14 MAF NE FIKA – Numbers 15 FÄEAG ‘ES’ AO - Useful words 16-18 'OU FÄEAG’ÅK NE 'ÄE – Introductions 19 UT NE FAMORI A'MOU LA' SIN – Commonly Frequented Places 20 HUẠL NE FḀU TA – Months of the year 21 AG FAK ROTUMA CULTURE 22 KATO’ AGA - Traditional ceremonies 22-23 MAMASA - Welcome Visitors and returnees 24 GARUE NE SI'U - Artefacts 25 TĒFUI – Traditional garland 26-28 MAKA - Dance 29 TĒLA'Ā - Food 30 HANUJU - Storytelling 31-32 3 ROGROG NE ĀV TĀ HISTORY Legend has it that Rotuma’s first inhabitants Consequently, the two religious groups originated from Samoa led by Raho, a chief, competed against each other in the efforts to followed by the arrival of Tongan settlers.
    [Show full text]
  • Rotuma Wide Governments to Deal with the New Threats 14 May That Government Was Overthrown in a Mili­ Failed
    Rotuma wide governments to deal with the new threats 14 May that government was overthrown in a mili­ failed. Facing the prospect of continuing instability tary coup led by Sitiveni Rabuka (FIJI COUPS). Fol­ and insistent demands by outsiders, Cakobau and lowing months of turmoil and delicate negotiations, other leading chiefs of Fiji ceded Fiji to Great Britain Fiji was returned to civilian rule in December 1987. on 10 October 1874 (DEED OF CESSION). A new constitution, entrenching indigenous domi­ Sir Arthur GORDON was appointed the first sub­ nance in the political system, was decreed in 1990, stantive governor of the new colony. His policies which brought the chiefs-backed Fijian party to and vision laid the foundations of modern Fiji. He political power in 1992. forbade the sale of Fijian land and introduced an The constitution, contested by non-Fijians for its 'indirect system' of native administration that racially-discriminatory provisions, was reviewed by involved Fijians in the management of their own an independent commission in 1996 (CONSTITUT­ affairs. A chiefly council was revived to advise the ION REVIEW IN FIJI), which recommended a more government on Fijian matters. To promote economic open and democratic system encouraging the forma­ development, he turned to the plantation system he tion of multi-ethnic governments. A new constitu­ had seen at first hand as governor of Trinidad and tion, based on the commission's recommendations, Mauritius. The Australian COLONIAL SUGAR was promulgated a year later, providing for the rec­ REFINING COMPANY was invited to extend its ognition of special Fijian interests as well as a consti­ operation to Fiji, which it did in 1882, remaining in tutionally-mandated multi-party cabinet.
    [Show full text]
  • Rotumans in Australia and New Zealand: the Problem of Community Formation
    NZPS 2(2) pp. 191-203 Intellect Limited 2014 journal of New Zealand & Pacific Studies Volume 2 Number 2 © 2014 Intellect Ltd Article. English language, doi: io.i386/nzps.2.2.i9i_i JAN RENSEL AND ALAN HOWARD University of Hawai'i at Manoa Rotumans in Australia and New Zealand: The problem of community formation ABSTRACT KEYWORDS As members of the Fiji polity, people from the isolated island of Rotuma have beenRotum a able to move freely about the archipelago, leading to stepwise-migration interna­ diaspora tionally, with Australia and New Zealand as primary destinations. Rotuman men cultural preservation engaged in the pearl-diving industry in the Torres Strait in the late nineteenth cultural identity century, who married local women, were among the first documented migrants to Australia Australia. Following World War II, a steady stream of Rotumans, many of them New Zealand married to white spouses, emigrated and formed communities in urban settings like Sydney, Brisbane, Auckland and elsewhere, where they have been remarka­ bly successful. Their very success in the workforce, along with high rates of inter­ marriage and dispersed households, makes getting together a challenging prospect, requiring strong motivation, effective leadership, and a commitment to preserving their Rotuman cultural heritage. Tire island of Rotuma is located on the western fringe of Polynesia, about 465 kilometres north of the main islands of Fiji. Politically, Rotuma was governed as part of the Colony of Fiji since its cession to Great Britain in 1881 and has been part of Fiji since the country's independence in 1970. Although its linguistic affiliations remain somewhat of an enigma (see Grace 1959; Schmidt 1.999), the culture of the island reveals a closer affinity with Samoa, 191 Jan Rensel |Alan Howard Tonga, Futuna and Uvea than with Fiji or the Melanesian islands to the west.
    [Show full text]
  • Rotuma As a Hinterland Community
    Home Page Howard-Rensel Papers Archives 2. Rotuma as a Hinterland Community Alan Howard [Published in Journal of the Polynesian Society 70:272-299, 1961] The island of Rotuma lies about three hundred miles to the north of the Fiji group, on the western fringe of Polynesia. [1] At present there are approximately three thousand Rotumans living on the island, and well over a thousand others reside in Fiji, with which Rotuma has been politically united since its annexation to the Crown in 1881. The island's geographical location places it very near to the intersection of the conventional boundaries of Micronesia, Melanesia and Polynesia, and traces of influence from each of these areas can be found in the racial composition, language and culture of the people. The bulk of the evidence points to a Polynesian orientation, however, and it may be regarded as an anomaly of history that Rotuma should have become politically united with Fiji, instead of with islands like Samoa, Tonga, Futuna and Wallis, to which a large number of Rotumans can still trace their heritage. Nevertheless, the Rotumans have made a successful adjustment to these circumstances and have managed to become an integral part of the social, economic and political life of the Colony of Fiji. From the standpoint of an anthropologist interested in the processes of urbanization, the Rotuman population offers an excellent opportunity for research. For one thing, the island is isolated, so that movement of people and goods is not continuous, but dependent upon ships which call at irregular and often widely spaced intervals.
    [Show full text]
  • Issues of Concern to Rotumans Abroad
    ISSUES OF CONCERN TO ROTUMANS ARROAD: A VIEW FROM THE ROTUMA WEBSITE Alan Howard Jan Rensel University of Hawaii at Manoa THE ISLAND OF ROTUMA is relatively remote, located 465 kilometers north of the northernmost island in the Fiji group, and only slightly closer to Futuna, its nearest neighbor. Rotuma has been politically affiliated with Fiji for more than a century, first as a British colony following cession in 1881 and since 1970 as part of the independent nation. Rotuma's people are, however, culturally and linguistically distinct, having strong historic relationships with Polynesian islands to the east, especially Tonga, Samoa, and Futuna. Today, approximately 85 percent of those who identify them­ selves as Rotuman or part-Rotuman live overseas, mostly on the island of Viti Levu in Fiji, but with substantial numbers in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the United States, and England. Although this article is based primarily on postings from the Rotuma Website, which was created by Alan Howard in 1996, it is informed by research begun by Alan in 1959 over a two-year period on the island of Rotuma and among Rotumans in Fiji. Jan's first visit was in 1987, and we have returned ten times since then for periods ranging from a week to six months. For the past two decades, we have also made multiple visits to all the major overseas Rotuman communities in addition to keeping in touch with Rotuman friends from around the globe via home visits, telephone, e-mail, and, most recently, Facebook. Over the years, we have published a number of articles concerning the Rotuman diaspora and Rotuman communities abroad (Howard 1961; Howard and Howard 1977; Howard Pacific Studies, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 13 Other, It Has Facilitated the Provisioning of Fiji Rotumans with Important Cultural Resources Like Pandanus Mats and Favorite Foodstuffs from Home
    Photo 13.1 Gagaj Maraf Nataniela of Noa‘tau greets Ratu Kamisese Mara, who visited Rotuma for the centennial celebration of Rotuma’s cession to Great Britain, 1981. Fiji Ministry of Information. Photo 13.2 Ratu Mara and Adi Lala Mara being carried ashore to attend the 150th anniversary of the Catholic mission in Rotuma, 1996. Jan Rensel. 13 Rotuma and Fiji I think that for many of us who talk about Rotuman independence our main concern is that Rotuman identity and culture, changing as they are, be preserved forever. This simply cannot depend on the goodwill of another race. Control must be in the hands of Rotumans (legitimately representing the interests of ALL Rotumans regardless of where they live)…it's the Rotumans' lack of ultimate control over their identity and culture which is the worry. Saumaru Foster, Rotuma Web site, 19981 As a result of political affiliation, there have been no barriers to movement between Rotuma and the rest of Fiji. Rotumans began migrating to Fiji for education and jobs soon after cession was formalized, and by 1936 nearly 10 percent of Rotumans lived there. At the end of the twentieth century the figure was closer to 75 percent. The flow has not been one-way or permanent, however. Individuals of both genders and all ages go back and forth frequently, staying with family members while schooling, getting help while seeking employment, participating in sports or church events, or helping out relatives in various ways while enjoying a holiday.2 Rotuma's special connection with Fiji has contributed to the island's prosperity in a number of ways: (1) by permitting in-country access to wider education and employment opportunities; (2) by supplying government support to the island's infrastructure and providing jobs on the island (approximately one hundred government employees in the 1990s); and especially (3) by allowing ease of interaction among Rotumans in Fiji and on the home island.
    [Show full text]
  • Mitochondrial DNA Variation in the Fijian Archipelago by Diana A
    Mitochondrial DNA variation in the Fijian Archipelago By Diana A. Taylor Submitted to the graduate degree program in Anthropology and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Alan J. Redd ________________________________ Dr. James H. Mielke ________________________________ Dr. Maria E. Orive Date Defended: April 5, 2012 The Thesis Committee for Diana A. Taylor certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: Mitochondrial DNA variation in the Fijian Archipelago ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Alan J. Redd Date approved: April 18, 2012 ii ABSTRACT The purpose of this thesis is to explore the evolutionary history of Fijians with respect to maternal ancestry. Geographically situated between Melanesia and Polynesia, Fiji has been a place of cultural exchange between Pacific Islanders for at least three thousand years. Traditionally, Fijians have been classified as Melanesians based on geography, culture, and skin pigmentation. However, Fijians share much in common linguistically, phenotypically, and genetically with Polynesians. Four questions motivated my research. First, are Fijians more Melanesian or Polynesian genetically? Second, is there a relationship between geography and genetic variation? Third, are Rotumans more similar to Fijians or Polynesians? And lastly, are Lau Islanders more similar to Fijians or Tongans? I used maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as my tool of investigation. In addition, I used various lines of anthropological evidence to synthesize my conclusions. I examined a sample of over 100 Fijians from five island populations, namely: Viti Levu, Kadavu, Vanua Levu, the Lau Islands, and Rotuma. In addition, my sample included two Melanesian and two Polynesian island populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandardm argins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
    [Show full text]
  • Unpublished Paper
    Evocations of Home: Exporting Rotuman Cultural Sensibilities by Alan Howard & Jan Rensel On a visit to Rotuma several years ago, we stood by a freshly dug grave and watched as two women sprinkled sand from a basket on the mound. "Why are they doing that?" we asked, as sand from a nearby beach had already been neatly packed on top, apparently finishing the project. "This sand is from the beach in the dead woman's home district," we were told. "It is customary to sprinkle sand from the home district when someone is buried somewhere else." The fact that the woman had lived in her husband's village for some forty years was irrelevant; her "home" was where she had been born and raised. She was buried in her husband's village because some of her children were buried there; it was their home, but not hers. Although Rotumans do not speak much about the spirits of the dead (‘atua) these days (Howard 1996), in earlier times those answering our query would probably have explained that away from her home territory the woman's spirit would be uneasy, and that sprinkling sand on the grave was a means to make it feel more comfortable and peaceful. Such is the importance of "home" in Rotuman culture, and the significance of place in people's sense of themselves. It is no fluke of culture that nearly every nook and cranny on Rotuma is named, and that each place-name has a story, or multiple stories, attached to it. Invoking a place-name conjures up memories of people, both legendary and flesh-and-blood; of events remote in time and as recent as yesterday; of landscapes old and new, of structures built and demolished.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnographers of Rotuma 11-02-20
    The Changing Anthropological Enterprise: A Century of Ethnographic Research in Rotuma by Jan Rensel and Alan Howard From the time that Europeans first began to produce accounts of their visits to Rotuma, beginning with Captain Edward Edwards of the Pandora in 1791, multiple categories of visitors, including explorers, whalers, missionaries, scientists of various kinds, and representatives of European government have written about the island, its people, and their customs. Each of their accounts reflect the interests, biases, and often moral persuasions of the writers. For example, the earliest visitors, around the beginning of the nineteenth century, were generally concerned with providing basic information about the island’s location and its main physical features, as well as nautical information such as the location of reefs and shoals, and safe anchorages—all of which might be useful to other visitors. To the extent they were concerned with reprovisioning their vessels, they also wrote about their trading experiences with Rotumans, often in evaluative terms (eg, mentioning “thievery”). An associated preoccupation of the early visitors was with authority structure on the island (essentially chieftainship), as this was a significant consideration regarding whom they should deal with in trading and the fulfillment of other wants. The whalers, virtually all of whom were concerned with restocking their supplies, focused on similar aspects of their experiences. As most of these visits were quite brief, lasting only a few days at most, and were also limited by problems of language intelligibility, the earliest accounts contain little or no information about Rotuman customs and social life. At most they included comments on the people’s easily observable features, dress, and ornamentation—often with aesthetic evaluations (that their bodies were well formed, that the people were attractive, etc.).
    [Show full text]
  • Fiji's Tale of Contemporary Misadventure
    The GENERAL’S GOOSE FIJI’S TALE OF CONTEMPORARY MISADVENTURE The GENERAL’S GOOSE FIJI’S TALE OF CONTEMPORARY MISADVENTURE ROBBIE ROBERTSON STATE, SOCIETY AND GOVERNANCE IN MELANESIA SERIES Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Creator: Robertson, Robbie, author. Title: The general’s goose : Fiji’s tale of contemporary misadventure / Robbie Robertson. ISBN: 9781760461270 (paperback) 9781760461287 (ebook) Series: State, society and governance in Melanesia Subjects: Coups d’état--Fiji. Democracy--Fiji. Fiji--Politics and government. Fiji--History--20th century All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press This edition © 2017 ANU Press For Fiji’s people Isa lei, na noqu rarawa, Ni ko sana vodo e na mataka. Bau nanuma, na nodatou lasa, Mai Suva nanuma tiko ga. Vanua rogo na nomuni vanua, Kena ca ni levu tu na ua Lomaqu voli me’u bau butuka Tovolea ke balavu na bula.* * Isa Lei (Traditional). Contents Preface . ix iTaukei pronunciation . xi Abbreviations . xiii Maps . xvii Introduction . 1 1 . The challenge of inheritance . 11 2 . The great turning . 61 3 . Redux: The season for coups . 129 4 . Plus ça change …? . 207 Conclusion: Playing the politics of respect . 293 Bibliography . 321 Index . 345 Preface In 1979, a young New Zealand graduate, who had just completed a PhD thesis on government responses to the Great Depression in New Zealand, arrived in Suva to teach at the University of the South Pacific.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Perceptions of the Fijian Bottled Water Industry
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2009 “It is a strange thing for us to see water being sold”: Local Perceptions of the Fijian Bottled Water Industry Jessica Dawn Ulrich The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Ulrich, Jessica Dawn, "“It is a strange thing for us to see water being sold”: Local Perceptions of the Fijian Bottled Water Industry" (2009). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 13. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/13 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ―IT IS A STRANGE THING FOR US TO SEE WATER BEING SOLD‖: LOCAL PERCEPTIONS OF THE FIJIAN BOTTLED WATER INDUSTRY By JESSICA DAWN ULRICH B.A., The University of Montana, Dillon, MT, 2005 Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Sociology, Inequality and Social Justice The University of Montana Missoula, MT Summer 2009 Approved by: Perry Brown, Associate Provost for Graduate Education Graduate School Dr. Lyn Macgregor, Chairperson Sociology Department Dr. Celia Winkler Sociology Department Dr. Teresa Sobieszczyk Sociology Department Dr. Robin Saha Environmental Studies Department Ulrich, Jessica, Master of Arts, Summer 2009 Sociology ―It is a strange thing for us to see water being sold‖: Local Perceptions of the Fijian Bottled Water Industry Chairperson: Lyn Macgregor, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]