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Looking Into Iraq
Chaillot Paper July 2005 n°79 Looking into Iraq Martin van Bruinessen, Jean-François Daguzan, Andrzej Kapiszewski, Walter Posch and Álvaro de Vasconcelos Edited by Walter Posch cc79-cover.qxp 28/07/2005 15:27 Page 2 Chaillot Paper Chaillot n° 79 In January 2002 the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) beca- Looking into Iraq me an autonomous Paris-based agency of the European Union. Following an EU Council Joint Action of 20 July 2001, it is now an integral part of the new structures that will support the further development of the CFSP/ESDP. The Institute’s core mission is to provide analyses and recommendations that can be of use and relevance to the formulation of the European security and defence policy. In carrying out that mission, it also acts as an interface between European experts and decision-makers at all levels. Chaillot Papers are monographs on topical questions written either by a member of the ISS research team or by outside authors chosen and commissioned by the Institute. Early drafts are normally discussed at a semi- nar or study group of experts convened by the Institute and publication indicates that the paper is considered Edited by Walter Posch Edited by Walter by the ISS as a useful and authoritative contribution to the debate on CFSP/ESDP. Responsibility for the views expressed in them lies exclusively with authors. Chaillot Papers are also accessible via the Institute’s Website: www.iss-eu.org cc79-Text.qxp 28/07/2005 15:36 Page 1 Chaillot Paper July 2005 n°79 Looking into Iraq Martin van Bruinessen, Jean-François Daguzan, Andrzej Kapiszewski, Walter Posch and Álvaro de Vasconcelos Edited by Walter Posch Institute for Security Studies European Union Paris cc79-Text.qxp 28/07/2005 15:36 Page 2 Institute for Security Studies European Union 43 avenue du Président Wilson 75775 Paris cedex 16 tel.: +33 (0)1 56 89 19 30 fax: +33 (0)1 56 89 19 31 e-mail: [email protected] www.iss-eu.org Director: Nicole Gnesotto © EU Institute for Security Studies 2005. -
Harkat-Ul Mujahideen
India and Pakistan NiPUN www.nipunindia.in 1 SOME Major Incident in India – Pak Kashmir war-1947 The Karachi Agreement 27th of July 1949. a cease- fire agreement signed by Military Representatives of India and Pakistan Shimla summit, July 2, 1972 Siachen conflict, 1984 Mumbai blasts - 12 March 1993 Nuclear tests in 1998 Lahore Declaration is February 21, 1999, The Lahore Declaration brought addedNiPUN responsibility to both nations' leadership towards avoiding nuclear race 1999 Kargil war- Armed conflict (May and July 1999) Operation Vijay www.nipunindia.in 2 Agra summit 14–16 July 2001 At this meeting, a proposal was made to drastically reduce nuclear arsenals, and other issues involving the Kashmir dispute, and cross-border terrorism. The 2001 Indian Parliament attack Certain confidence-building measures — such as the 2003 2007 Samjhauta Express bombings Mumbai attacks 26 November2008 Pathankot attack 2016 terrorist attack committed on 2 January 2016 by a heavily armed group which attacked the PathankotNiPUNAir Force Station URI Attack 18 soldiers killed in militant attack in Uri Baramulla district on Sep 20, 2016 Surgical Strikes – 29/9/2016www.nipunindia.in 3 Surgical Strikes – 29/9/2016 1. Operation begins around 12.30 am on Wednesday. According to reports, paratroopers from Special Forces were involved. 2. The commandos were airdropped at the LoC, from where they crossed over to the Pakistani side. 3. According to sources, Indian commandos entered three kilometres across the Line of Control to conduct the 'surgical strikes' NiPUN 4. The strikes were carried out in Bhimber, Hotspring, Kel & Lipa sectors, on Pak's side of LoC, www.nipunindia.in 4 Surgical strikes does not mean war Surgical strikes are military operations undertaken by forces across the world to move on the offensive, hit enemy targets and installations, and return to primary positions, all with lightening speed and with the added precaution of suffering limited casualty. -
A Kurdish-Speaking Community of Change: How Social and Political Organising Takes Shape in the PYD-Controlled Areas in Syria
A Kurdish-Speaking Community of Change: How Social and Political Organising takes Shape in the PYD-controlled Areas in Syria Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts In Middle Eastern Studies Author: Harriet Ida Rump Advisor: Lory Janelle Dance Examiner: Vittorio Felci Date: 11.12.14 Acknowledgements I devote my deepest gratitude to the brave and engaged participants of this research, without their reflections, insights, and generous will to share ideas, this thesis would never have been realised. In the same breath I sincerely thank Lina Myritz for taking the travel with me to Syria, and for inspiring me continuously. I strongly thank my supervisor Lory Dance, she is an inspirational role model with her critical thoughts and writings, which open up for new methods of research. I am particularly appreciative of all the inputs and perspectives from Farhiya Khalid, Mia Sung Kjaergaard, Søren Rafn, Frederik Johannisson, and Mette Lundsfryd, who all have encouraged me with significant comments. A special thank goes to Lasse Sander for carefully proofreading the thesis in high speed. Finally, for the love and support of all my wonderful friends and family, I am truly thankful. 2 Abstract This thesis explores current trends in social and political organising in Northern Syria, an area controlled by the PYD.1 The research is built on discussions between eight participants from the Syrian Kurdish-speaking community living in the areas. While most discourses on Syria and the Kurdish-speaking community have a macro-political focus and produce racialising descriptions of “Kurdishness” in Syria, less attention is granted to bottom-up organising and the plurality of Kurdishness. -
The Sunni Tribes in Iraq: Between Local Power, the International Coalition 1 and the Islamic State by Hosham Dawod
Report September 2015 The Sunni tribes in Iraq: between local power, the international coalition 1 and the Islamic State By Hosham Dawod Executive summary Particularly in the Middle East there is increased interest in the social and political realities that the term “tribe” now refers to in societies experiencing internal conflict, with both local and global implications. Nearly everywhere the Arab Spring has ended in civil war, attempts at neo-authoritarianism or, more visibly, a spiralling increase in Islamic State-type radical jihadism. In the face of the weakness and even collapse of states, the international powers’ flexibility has been reduced and recourse to tribal support has become increasingly common. The following analysis looks briefly at the phenomenon of the Sunni tribes in Iraq – a country that is experiencing a political break-up, a weakening of the state, radical jihadism, a sectarian war, and regional and international intervention. In the Arab Muslim world the tribe is back at the centre of do not necessarily trigger or accelerate the disappearance political, military and – more generally speaking – security of a range of sociohistorical phenomena (local communi- considerations. There is now no secret about the interest ties, infra-ethnic identities, tribes, etc.). On the contrary, that the U.S. army, after getting bogged down in Iraq, has we see in various places a significant dynamic resulting in taken in the tribal question in that country since 2004, i.e. a resurgence of these phenomena – to the extent that they a year after invading it. This interest was manifest espe- are situated at the heart of conflict resolution. -
Table of Contents
IRAQI INSURGENT MEDIA: THE WAR OF IMAGES AND IDEAS Table of Contents 1 Key Findings ................................................................................................................. 3 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 4 2.1 Two Days in Iraq ....................................................................................... 4 2.2 The War of Ideas ....................................................................................... 6 3 Products ....................................................................................................................... 7 3.1 Texts ....................................................................................................... 7 3.1.1 Statements...................................................................................... 8 3.1.2 Periodicals .................................................................................... 19 3.1.3 Books ........................................................................................... 24 3.2 Audiovisual ............................................................................................ 25 3.2.1 Videotaped Attacks ........................................................................ 25 3.2.2 Films ............................................................................................ 28 3.2.3 Recorded Statements ..................................................................... 30 3.2.4 Songs .......................................................................................... -
The Rojava Revolution ANARCHISM in the MIDDLE EAST
ANARCHISM IN THE MIDDLE EAST The Rojava Revolution Rojava Solidarity NYC is an anarchist organization that aims to spread info and show solidarity with the revolutionary region of Rojava. [email protected] Cities in Kurdistan. Solidarity With the Rojava Revolution The people of Rojava are engaged in one of the most liberatory social projects of our time. What began as an experiment in the wake of Assad’s state forces has become a stateless aggregation of autonomous councils and collectives. What began as a struggle for national liberation has resulted in strong militias and defense forces, the members of which fully participate in the unique social and political life of their region. What started as a fight for Kurdish people has resulted in a regional home for a Kurds, Arabs, Syrians, Arameans, Turks, Armenians, Yazidis, Chechens and other groups. What began as the hierarchical Marxist- Leninist political party, the PKK, has evolved into what its leader Abdullah Öcalan calls "Democratic Confederalism", a “system of a people without a State”, inspired by the work of Murray Bookchin. What we see in Rojava today is anarchism in practice. Each Canton subscribes to a constitution that affirms a society free from authoritarianism and centralism, while allowing for pragmatic autonomy and pluralism. Councils are formed at the street, city, and regional levels. While each council functions differently in cohesion with local particularities, a few key similarlities can be found throughout. Committees are self-organized, the councils mediate conflict on an individualized level, cooperatives strive for economic independence through local production. The explicit intention of the Cantons is to remain decentralized and stateless, and to extend this practice beyond state borders where nascent councils have already usurped the state in dealing with day-to-day affairs. -
Iraq: Falluja’S Faustian Bargain
Iraq: Falluja’s Faustian Bargain Middle East Report N°150 | 28 April 2014 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Round Two in Falluja: Sectarian Polarisation ................................................................. 5 III. The View from Falluja ...................................................................................................... 9 A. Past as Prologue ......................................................................................................... 9 B. A Tenuous Unity ........................................................................................................ 10 C. Catch-22 ..................................................................................................................... 13 IV. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 16 APPENDICES A. Map of Iraq ...................................................................................................................... -
Behind the Black Bloc: an Overview of Militant Anarchism and Anti-Fascism
Behind the Black Bloc An Overview of Militant Anarchism and Anti-Fascism Daveed Gartenstein-Ross, Samuel Hodgson, and Austin Blair June 2021 FOUNDATION FOR DEFENSE OF DEMOCRACIES FOUNDATION Behind the Black Bloc An Overview of Militant Anarchism and Anti-Fascism Daveed Gartenstein-Ross Samuel Hodgson Austin Blair June 2021 FDD PRESS A division of the FOUNDATION FOR DEFENSE OF DEMOCRACIES Washington, DC Behind the Black Bloc: An Overview of Militant Anarchism and Anti-Fascism Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 7 ORIGINS OF CONTEMPORARY ANARCHISM AND ANTI-FASCISM ....................................... 8 KEY TENETS AND TRENDS OF ANARCHISM AND ANTI-FASCISM ........................................ 10 Anarchism .............................................................................................................................................................10 Anti-Fascism .........................................................................................................................................................11 Related Movements ..............................................................................................................................................13 DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN MILITANT GROUPS ........................................................................ 13 Anti-Fascist Groups .............................................................................................................................................14 -
Governing Rojava Layers of Legitimacy in Syria Contents
Research Paper Rana Khalaf Middle East and North Africa Programme | December 2016 Governing Rojava Layers of Legitimacy in Syria Contents Summary 2 Acronyms and Overview of Key Listed Actors 3 Introduction 5 PYD Pragmatism and the Emergence of ‘Rojava’ 8 Smoke and Mirrors: The PYD’s Search for Legitimacy Through Governance 10 1. Provision of security 12 2. Effectiveness in the provision of services 16 3. Diplomacy and image management 21 Conclusion: The Importance of Local Trust and Representation 24 About the Author 26 Acknowledgments 27 1 | Chatham House Governing Rojava: Layers of Legitimacy in Syria Summary • Syria is without functioning government in many areas but not without governance. In the northeast, the Democratic Union Party (PYD) has announced its intent to establish the federal region of Rojava. The PYD took control of the region following the Syrian regime’s handover in some Kurdish-majority areas and as a consequence of its retreat from others. In doing so, the PYD has displayed pragmatism and strategic clarity, and has benefited from the experience and institutional development of its affiliate organization, the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK). The PYD now seeks to further consolidate its power and to legitimize itself through the provision of security, services and public diplomacy; yet its local legitimacy remains contested. • The provision of security is paramount to the PYD’s quest for legitimacy. Its People’s Defense Units (YPG/YPJ) have been an effective force against the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), winning the support of the local population, particularly those closest to the front lines. -
India May 2009
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT INDIA 12 MAY 2009 UK Border Agency COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE INDIA 12 MAY 2009 Contents Preface Latest News EVENTS IN INDIA FROM 17 MARCH 2009 – 12 MAY 2009 REPORTS ON INDIA PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED BETWEEN 17 MARCH 2009 AND 12 MAY 2009 Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ......................................................................................... 1.01 Map ................................................................................................ 1.07 2. ECONOMY ............................................................................................. 2.01 3. HISTORY ............................................................................................... 3.01 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS....................................................................... 4.01 Elections ....................................................................................... 4.04 Mumbai terrorist attacks – November 2008 ............................... 4.08 5. CONSTITUTION ...................................................................................... 5.01 6. POLITICAL SYSTEM................................................................................ 6.01 Human Rights 7. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 7.01 UN Conventions ........................................................................... 7.05 8. SECURITY SITUATION ........................................................................... -
FREEDOM MOVEMENT: a CASE STUDY of FEMINIST LEADERSHIP in KURDISTAN by AMANDA METCALFE B.S., Texas A&M University, 1999 M.A
FREEDOM MOVEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF FEMINIST LEADERSHIP IN KURDISTAN by AMANDA METCALFE B.S., Texas A&M University, 1999 M.A., University of Colorado, 2002 A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Colorado Colorado Springs in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Leadership, Research, and Foundations 2018 This dissertation for the Doctor of Philosophy degree by Amanda Metcalfe has been approved for the Department of Leadership, Research, and Foundations by Sylvia Mendez, Chair Corinne Harmon Robert Mitchell Phillip Morris Wilbur Scott Date:12/04/2018 ii Metcalfe, Amanda (Ph.D. Educational Leadership, Research, and Policy) Freedom Movement: A Case Study of Feminist Leadership in Kurdistan Dissertation directed by Associate Professor Sylvia Mendez ABSTRACT The Kurds have endured a long struggle to secure a destiny of freedom. Kurdish women are now rising up to achieve their own freedom after decades of war, genocide, and statelessness. This study began in Kurdistan, Iraq with an intimate look at the Kurdish Women’s Freedom Movement, a feminist movement that is shifting its society away from social normative powers that have been dominant for generations. This exploratory case study was based upon academic reports, observations, and interviews with Kurdish female leaders. The case was used to create a critical understanding of feminist leadership from an age-old culture. Using Social Role Theory, this study investigated the experiences of Kurdish women moving into new leadership roles and shifting norms that allow such leadership to emerge. Transcripts from interviews with 20 Kurdish women from Iraq, Iran, Syria, Turkey, and the US and investigative field observations of Kurdish women’s leadership stories were used to highlight a remarkable case of leadership. -
“Rojava - the Utopia of a Defeated Western Left” the Hidden Truths of the Kurdish “Democratic Experiment” in North Eastern Syria
iNSIGHTS | VOL 2 | ISSUE NO. 1 | JANUARY 2020 “ROJAVA - THE UTOPIA OF A DEFEATED WESTERN LEFT” THE HIDDEN TRUTHS OF THE KURDISH “DEMOCRATIC EXPERIMENT” IN NORTH EASTERN SYRIA DR ALAIN GABON VOL 2 | ISSUE NO. 1 | JANUARY 202001 “ROJAVA – THE UTOPIA OF A DEFEATED WESTERN LEFT” SERIES EDITORS: iNSIGHTS | VOL 2 | ISSUE NO. 1 | JANUARY 2020 Dr Anas Altikriti “ROJAVA - Chief Executive Dr Abdullah Faliq THE UTOPIA Editor & Managing Director H. D. Foreman OF A DEFEATED Louise Mellor Sandra Tusin WESTERN LEFT” DESIGN & ART DIRECTION: Abdullah S. Khan THE HIDDEN TRUTHS OF THE KURDISH “DEMOCRATIC EXPERIMENT” IN NORTH EASTERN SYRIA COPYRIGHT DR ALAIN GABON © The Cordoba Foundation 2020. All rights reserved. DISCLAIMER Views and opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of The Cordoba Foundation. [email protected] VOL 2 | ISSUE NO. 1 | JANUARY 2020 01 Published in London VOL 2 | ISSUE NO. 1 | JANUARY 2020 Available online: www.thecordobafoundation.com THE CORDOBA FOUNDATION The Cordoba Foundation (TCF) is an independent strategic think-tank that works to promote intercultural dialogue and positive coexistence through a range of activities including research and publications, training and capacity building, policy briefings and dialogues. The Foundation takes its name from the city of Cordoba – the European metropolis which was once a symbol of human excellence and intellectual ingenuity, where cultures, civilisations and ideas thrived. Embodying this spirit, TCF today facilitates the meeting of minds to advance understanding and respect for one another. Our activities include: • Structured consultation and advisory services • Face-to-face interaction with decision-makers and figures of authority • In-house research • Workshops, seminars and debates on pertinent issues • Consultancy • Training and capacity-building • Publications, Periodicals and Journals • Resourceful website and knowledge database www.thecordobafoundation.com 02 iNSIGHTS | VOL 2 | ISSUE NO.