Ρ  Ü

 ȱውųΡ 5 ȼ 22 ųዄOዅ

λȱ 1 ˣðμዄዎዌውĞ˖ዅ ዄውዅ9:50ዉ10:50 ηEcƒž\‚\„–im–\ޠθ ̂Ҟ˹Ąዄ͈੿Ƃʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž 1 ዄዎዅ11:00ዉ12:00η[JGƒ]ž\iˆEŸkj—FflžuˆŸƒθ ɖࠡ ࠮ዄʂDŽƂʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž 7 ዄዏዅ14:00ዉ15:00η\‚\ʿŗࡪ.̯໤ 19 Ⱦ͗ē໑čǎΓʋʧθ ʇǣ؅ዄɋƉƂʧžඞዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž 13̩ ዄዐዅ15:10ዉ18:30 Ϟ4θێfZŠ–η̲ϕΓʋʧij̉ዉSŸsŽ^ ΍aĚ ɰɋŊƆዄʙ૪Ƃʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž 19 ዄዽዅηyi–̲ϕ\‚\Γʋʧij̉θ ʘ਍Dzȫዄʙ૪ʧFƂʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž 20 ዄዾዅηƏǎ̲ϕϝϤ6ΓʋƹɈዉĬǃްɰ=ɋŻዉθ ɢࣗęƨዄ›®εDZƂʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž 26 ዄዿዅη̲ϕΓʋʧŹ%ǀάȫǀθ ɰɋŊƆዄʙ૪Ƃʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž 31

λȱ 2 ˣðμዄዏዌውĞ˖ዅ  ዄውዅ9:50ዉ10:50 ηŵ#ɲǀዉdˆŸp–ιȴ<ŵࢃκϝϤ6ዉθ Oɰ˂ണዄ˵śƂʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž 37 θ#ۀˏƧۀዄዎዅ11:00ዉ12:00ηNŸlIϝϤ6ŵ#ซ  QʇƳዄീʂʧඞƂʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž 43  ዄዏዅ14:00ዉ15:00η˵ͪƂʧxŸkužvž—FŸYŸĵ®θ –ɑ͗ȫ૒ዄxǸƂʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž 49  ዄዐዅ15:10ዉ18:30 ^fZŠ–ηøˣ͛ġªxFŒ–\wŸΜ܋θ ΍aĚ Ϳɫʂǿ~ዄɫ2ɥϊƂʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžž 52  ዄዽዅηʇ͈ͮܔǢዄ1853 ዅണϗġˏ੺ŷዉd†iF*6GQ\ȴɱ άǎዉθ ୴Ͱʧ̎ዄʙ૪Ƃʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž 53  ዄዾዅηዑ዁xFŒ–\wŸɟåඒʇθ Ϳɫʂǿ~ዄɫ2ɥϊƂʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž 59

 ዄዿዅ琖l–ʇ͈΍aǷˣዄCOSዅι̥ȱϕ6κƌϊĚθ ͪɔǶዄDZĞƂʧžๆiƝዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž 65

λȱዏˣðμዄዐዌውĞ˖ዅ jŽ۳୬ϗȫĘ̄θ ዄውዅ9:50ዉ10:50 ηRŸŽqŸěǿ  ɦɔƍ͜žžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž 71  ዄዎዅ11:00ዉ12:00ηŗǢޠ͛Έʡɕå޹Χθ ȢࠡΥ`ዄʂʙƂʧžඞዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž 77 žƒݶɴκ 20 Ⱦ͗ē໑ιȴɱZ6κƹɈዖEc܂ዄዏዅ14:00ዉ15:00ηι  ۳୬ąʡθ\‚\ ȂୱີȫዄണβƂʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž 83 ዄዐዅ15:10ዉ16:10ηThe dissemination of Louis Bachelier’s work in economics and mathematicsθ Franck JovanovicዄTELUQ-UQAMዅžžžžžžžžžžžž 89  ዄዑዅ16:20ዉ17:20ηwSŸźʠij̉੺ŷዉTG–]ιȫɨǂޠκİŗϝϤ6w SŸƌϊޠਗ਼χǀθ ዄʧμäĖ_ƽ˴ዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž 95˂žۇဎ ዄዒዅ17:30ዉ18:30ηTG–]ęʖޠ\ŒfxD͍ĕ=ࣕϛ476Ϟθ ͿĕüዄĬʇεDZƂʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž101

 ȱዎųΡ 5 ȼ 23 ųዄųዅ

λȱውˣðμዄዎዌውĞ˖ዅ ዄውዅ9:30ዉ11:40 Ϟ4θێfZŠ–ηƻʽ̯͛໤âΓʋƹɈɤዖ20 Ⱦ͗İǰE„N^ ΍aĚ ˟ɰૡƍ͜ዄŷƏɰƂʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž107 θێዄዽዅηJðΦǂዋȑɾΦǂዉ̚ശɌE„NϞ4 ̂Ҟŗ˕ዄƂʂĵǃƂʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž108 ዄዾዅη1910 ʽʿඐE„NϝϤ6øˣͫථঢθ ŧҞ όዄVȧ6DZƂʧžๆiƝዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž114 ዄዿዅηȾࡼɢȜŻ˘ዉΓʋʧ˥čʧɊ5΍*θ ɢ¢ǙίዄDŽȷ੿Ƃʧžඞዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž120

ዄዎዅ12:30ዉ15:30 š੒ޠ໤ηΓʋʧɤij̉θ  ΍aĚ ̪ʛ ͨዄDZĞƂʧዅ ˩ɰ̲ʖዄʂʙƺʖƂʧዅžžžž126 ዄዽዅηGQ\ϝϤ6Γʋʧɤ_ƽij̉ά1870sዉ1920sθ ǃ ͫዄȫmƂʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž128ڿ  ዄዾዅη19 Ⱦ͗ɓϞ4 20 Ⱦ͗ē໑E„NϝϤ6Γʋʧɤ_ƽäŵዉΓʋʧɤ ij̉ዉθ ဎ ˿ɵዄɫ2ɥϊƂʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž133 ዄዿዅηM–ž’ŽŒ\Γʋʧɤ۠ዉͨ̌žøˣžƍɪΓʋʧ࣐˖θ Ŧβŧʽʖዄ˹ࢀƂʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž139 ዄጀዅη[flዙ\kιΓʋʧɤκዉȾ͗ঙEɌϝϤ6Γʋʧ۠Ŭ˨ዉθ  ˩ɰ̲ʖዄʂʙƺʖƂʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž144  ዄጁዅηʅɰ̜ȫljȴŨžĬɰŴȳųɔΓʋƹɈɤ_ƽθ ʧඞƂʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž150ڿʇȴljǣዄീ

λȱዎˣðμዄዏዌውĞ˖ዅ ϛ
6̳κιV–—J–ZŠ–κዉ\‚\uˆŸƒŦۇዄውዅ9:30ዉ10:30 ηι  ɢ̉ޠዉθ ˚ɰŴƅ૒ዄʂʙƂʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž155   ዄዎዅ10:40ዉ11:40η—DGŽš˂6uŽxDjF–SȜƏΓʋūɕɕåƹɈθ ͫ́ĕĶዄɪFƂʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž161  λȱዏˣðμዄዐዌውĞ˖ዅ   ዄውዅ9:30ዉ10:30 ηTheory of shipping productivity revisited: industrial revolution, ship technology and shipping freight ratesθ Okan Duru (Istanbul Technical University)žžžžžžžžžžž167   ዄዎዅ10:40ዉ11:40ηΓʋƹɈɤ੒ɤŗǢ̯͛໤ዉ21 Ⱦ͗ē໑Ĺ඿ϝϤ6੒ɤ%θ Qʇͮɟዄ฽ͪʧඞƂʧዅžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžžž173

I˘Ƹശዖîʜ 30 ąά ܋ޠĚV„–k 7 ąά ਠɍ 3 ąά ߿ޠ 20 ą

ˣዖዎዌውĞ˖˛ۛˣዖƂʧ༙Ô  ﹇ 第一日目 ﹈ 第一会場

䉝䉻䊛䊶䉴䊚䉴䈱䊜䊮䊁䊅䊮䉴⺰㩷 㩷

㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 ૒㩷 ⮮㩷 ṑ㩷 ᱜ䋨የ㆏ᄢቇ䋩㩷

㩷

㩷㸇㪅㩷໧㗴䈱⸳ቯ㩷

㩷 䉝䉻䊛䊶䉴䊚䉴䈱䇺࿖ን⺰䇻䉕䇮ੱ㑆䈫⥄ὼ䈱‛⾰ઍ⻢ㆊ⒟䈫䈱㑐ㅪ䈪⠨䈋䈩䉂䉎䈖䈫䇮䈘䈚䈅䈢䉍

“⾗ᧄᓴⅣ”䈫䈚䈩ዷ㐿䈘䉏䉎⚻ᷣ⊛⻉▸⇵䈱ਛ䈮ᴉ䉂ㄟ䉖䈪䈇䉎“ੱ㑆䈫⥄ὼ䈱ౣ↢↥䉲䉴䊁䊛”

䈱∥〔䉕ᨆ಴䈚䈩䉂䉎䈖䈫䇮䈠䈚䈩䉁䈢䇮䈠䈱䉋䈉䈭䉲䉴䊁䊛䈏⾗ᧄᓴⅣ䈫䈇䈉⚻ᷣ⊛䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱ਛ䈮

᣹⪇䈘䉏ಾ䈦䈩䈚䉁䈉䈖䈫䈲䈅䉍䈋䈭䈇䈫䈇䈉ⷞᐳ䈎䉌䇮䇸⛽ᜬ 㫄㪸㫀㫅㫋㪼㫅㪸㫅㪺㪼䇹䈫䈇䈉ዋ䇱ᦌᤒ䈭᭎ᔨ䉕

૶䈦䈩䇮⻉▸⇵㑆䈱“ⵚ䈔⋡”䉕ᵞ䈇಴䈚䇮䈠䈱ᗧ๧䉕⠨䈋䈩䉂䉎䈖䈫䇮䈠䉏䈏ᧄႎ๔䈱⺖㗴䈪䈅

䉎䇯㩷

㩷㩷

㩷㸈㪅㩷䇺࿖ን⺰䇻╙৻▻╙ਃ┨䈱৻ᢥ䈎䉌㩷

㩷 䇺࿖ን⺰䇻╙৻▻╙ਃ┨䇸ಽᬺ䈲Ꮢ႐䈱ᐢ䈘䈮䉋䈦䈩೙㒢䈘䉏䉎䈖䈫䇹䈮䈍䈇䈩䉴䊚䉴䈲䇮ᰴ䈱䉋䈉

䈮ㅀ䈼䈩䈇䉎䇯㩷

㩷 䇸䈠䉏䉉䈋䇮䊨䊮䊄䊮䈎䉌䉣䊂䉞䊮䊋䊤䈻䈱䉅䈦䈫䉅቟ଔ䈭㒽਄ャㅍ䈪ㆇ䈳䉏䉎 㪉㪇㪇 䊃䊮䈱⽷⽻䈮䈲䇮

㪈㪇㪇 ੱ䈱 㪊 ㅳ㑆ಽ䈱⛽ᜬ⾌䈫䇮㪌㪇 บ䈱ᄢဳ㚍ゞ䈲䉅䈫䉋䉍 㪋㪇㪇 㗡䈱㚍䈱⛽ᜬ⾌䇮䈍䉋䈶䈠䈱⛽ᜬ

⾌䈮䈾䈿╬䈚䈇⏴៊⾌䈱ਔᣇ䇮䈏⽶䉒䈘䉏䉎䈮㆑䈇䈭䈇䇯䈠䉏䈮ኻ䈚䈩䇮᳓਄䈪ㆇ䈳䉏䉎ห㊂䈱

⽷⽻䈮䈲䇮㪍ޯ㪏 ੱ䈱⛽ᜬ⾌䈫䇮㪉㪇㪇 䊃䊮Ⓧ䉂䈱⦁䈱⏴៊⾌䈫䈫䉅䈮䇮․೎䈱䊥䉴䉪ଔ୯䈜䈭䉒䈤㒽

਄ャㅍ䈫᳓਄ャㅍ䈱଻㒾ᢱ䈱Ꮕ㗵䈏⽶䉒䈘䉏䉎䈣䈔䈣䉐䈉䇯䇹䋨㪮㪥㪃㪊㪊䋩㩷

㩷 䊨䊮䊄䊮ޯ䉣䊂䉞䊮䊋䊤㑆䉕⚂ 㪍 ㅳ㑆䈎䈔䈩ᓔᓳ䈚ᓮ⠪ 㪉 ੱ䈏 㪏 㗡┙䈩䈱㚍ゞ䈪 㪋 䊃䊮䈱⽻‛䉕

ㆇ䈹ᐢベᄢဳ㚍ゞ䈫䇮䈾䈿ห඙㑆䉕หᦼ㑆䈪᳓ᄦ 㪍ޯ㪏 ੱ䈏 㪉㪇㪇 䊃䊮䈱⽻‛䉕ㆇ䈹⽻‛⦁䈫䈱䇮

ャㅍ䉮䉴䊃਄䈱Ყセ䉕䈍䈖䈭䈦䈢䉅䈱䈣䈏䇮ਔャㅍᣇᴺ䈮䈍䈇䈩䉴䊚䉴䈏៰಴䈚䈩䈇䉎⾌↪㗄⋡䈱

㆑䈇䈏ᵈ⋡䈘䉏䉎䇯㒽਄ャㅍ䈱䈳䈅䈇䈱䇸㚍ゞ䈱⛽ᜬ⾌䇹䈮ኻᔕ䈜䉎᳓਄ャㅍ䈱䈳䈅䈇䈱䇸⦁䈱

⛽ᜬ⾌䇹䈫䈇䈉⾌⋡䈏ᰳ⪭䈚䈩䈇䈩䇮ઍ䉒䉍䈮⦁䈱䇸଻㒾ᢱ䇹䈏⸘਄䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷

㩷 ᓮ⠪䉇᳓ᄦ䈱䇸⛽ᜬ⾌䇹䈏䇮ャㅍᦼ㑆ਛ䈱ᓮ⠪䉇᳓ᄦ䈱↢ᵴ䊶↢๮⛽ᜬ䈱䈢䉄䈱⾌↪䉕ᜰ䈜䈖

䈫䈲᣿⊕䈪䈅䉎䇯䉁䈢㚍ゞ䉇⦁䈱䇸⏴៊⾌䇹䈏䇮㚍ゞ䈱Მ៊䉇⦁䈱⎕៊䈮ኻ䈜䉎⵬ୃ䊶ୃᓳ⾌↪䈪

䈅䉎䈖䈫䉅⥄᣿䈣䉐䈉䇯䈘䉌䈮䉁䈢䇸⦁䈱଻㒾ᢱ䇹䈏䇮ᐳ␂䉇ᜫ᝝䈱䉋䈉䈭ᶏ㔍੐᡿䈻䈱੍㒐⊛䉮䉴䊃

䈪䈅䉎䈖䈫䉅⸒䈉䉁䈪䉅䈅䉎䉁䈇䇯䈚䈎䈚䇮䈪䈲䇮䇸㚍ゞ䈱⏴៊⾌䇹䈫඙೎䈘䉏䉎䇸㚍ゞ䈱⛽ᜬ⾌䇹䈫䈲

૗䈭䈱䈪䈅䉐䈉䈎䇯䉁䈢䇮䇸㚍ゞ䈱⛽ᜬ⾌䇹䈲⸘਄䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䈱䈮䇸⦁䈱⛽ᜬ⾌䇹䈏⸘਄䈘䉏䈩䈇䈭

－1－ 䈇䈱䈲૗᡿䈪䈅䉐䈉䈎䇯㩷

㩷

㩷㸉㪅㩷䇸⛽ᜬ⾌ 㫄㪸㫀㫅㫋㪼㫅㪸㫅㪺㪼䇹䇸⏴៊⾌ 㫎㪼㪸㫉㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㫋㪼㪸㫉䇹䇸଻㒾ᢱ 㫀㫅㫊㫌㫉㪸㫅㪺㪼䇹㩷

㩷 䈖䈖䈪䇮↪⺆䈱ᢛℂ䉕䈍䈖䈭䈦䈩䈍䈒䈱䈏䉋䈇䈣䉐䈉䇯䇺࿖ን⺰䇻䈮䈲䇮䇸⛽ᜬ⾌䇹䈫䈇䈉⺆䈏㓐ᚲ䈪

⷗䈇䈣䈘䉏䉎䈱䈫ኻᾖ⊛䈮䇮䇸⏴៊⾌䇹䈫䈇䈉⺆䈱૶↪㗫ᐲ䈲ᗧᄖ䈮ዋ䈭䈇

䋨㪮㪥㪃㪊㪊㪃㪍㪉㪃㪍㪏㪃㪐㪏㪃㪍㪍㪌㪃㪎㪉㪌㪃㪎㪉㪏䋩䇯䉁䈢䇸଻㒾ᢱ䇹䈫䈇䈉⺆䉅䉒䈝䈎 㪈㪊 䈱䊌䊤䉫䊤䊐䈮⏕⹺䈘䉏䉎䈣䈔

䈪䈅䉎䋨㪮㪥㪃㪊㪊㪃㪈㪈㪋㪃㪈㪉㪍㪃㪈㪍㪐㪃㪉㪇㪌㪃㪉㪌㪍㪃㪊㪎㪇㪃㪌㪈㪈㪃㪌㪊㪐㪃㪍㪌㪋㪃㪎㪌㪍ޯ㪎䋩䇯㩷

㩷 䇸⛽ᜬ⾌䇹䈫䈇䈉⸒⪲䈏ੱ㑆䉇േ‛䈱䉋䈉䈭↢䈐‛䈮૶䉒䉏䉎䈱䈮ኻ䈚䈩䇮䇸⏴៊⾌䇹䈫䈇䈉⸒⪲䈏

ᯏ᪾䉇㆏ౕ䈱䉋䈉䈭ή↢‛䈮૶䉒䉏䉎䈫䈇䈉Ṽὼ䈫䈚䈢ශ⽎䈲䈅䉎䇯䇺࿖ን⺰䇻䈮䉅䇮㍌⽻䊶ㄘ⠹↪

ౕ䊶㆏〝䊶ᯅ䊶ㆇᴡ䈱䇸⏴៊䇹䈮䈧䈇䈩䈱⸥ㅀ䈏䈅䉎䇯䈚䈎䈚䇮䇸ᅛ㓮䈱⏴៊⾌䇹䉇䈘䉌䈮䈲䇸⥄↱䈭૶

↪ੱ䈱⏴៊⾌䇹䈮䈧䈇䈩⸒෸䈚䈩䈇䉎▎ᚲ䉅䈅䉎䉋䈉䈮䇮䇸⛽ᜬ⾌䇹䈫䇸⏴៊⾌䇹䉕䇮૶↪ኻ⽎䈏↢‛

䈎ุ䈎䈪䈱䉂඙೎䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䈲⧯ᐓ䈱ήℂ䈏䈅䉎䈣䉐䈉䇯㩷

㩷 䇸⛽ᜬ⾌䇹䈫䇸⏴៊⾌䇹䉕඙೎䈜䉎Ⴚ⇇✢䈲䇮䉃䈚䉐ਔ⠪䈱㵰ᤨ೙㵱䈱⋧㆑䈮᳞䉄䈢ᣇ䈏䉋䈇䈫ᕁ䉒

䉏䉎䇯䇸⛽ᜬ⾌䇹䈏⃻࿷䈱⁁ᘒ䈱ᜬ⛯䊶ሽ⛯䉕䉄䈙䈜䈱䈮ኻ䈚䈩䇮䇸⏴៊⾌䇹䈲ㆊ෰䈱⁁ᘒ䈻䈱ᓳ

ᣥ䊶ౣ↢䉕䉄䈙䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯䈪䈲䇮㵰⃻࿷䈱⁁ᘒ㵱䈫䈲૗䈎䇯䈖䈱໧䈇䈻䈱⸃╵䈮䈲䇮ᧄ⾰⊛䈭࿎㔍䈏

䈧䈐䉁䈫䈉䇯ᣢ䈮⏕ቯ䈚䈢㵰ㆊ෰䈱⁁ᘒ㵱䈫䈲㆑䈦䈩䇮േ䈐䈧䈧䈅䉎㵰⃻࿷䈱⁁ᘒ㵱䉕⏕ቯ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈲

䈾䈫䉖䈬ਇน⢻䈣䈎䉌䈪䈅䉎䇯䈚䈎䈚䇮ห䈛䈒㵰⃻࿷䈱⁁ᘒ㵱䉕዁᧪䈮䈍䈇䈩⏕଻䈚䉋䈉䈫䈜䉎䇸଻㒾

ᢱ䇹䈫䈱ኻᲧ䈮䉋䈦䈩䇮䇸⛽ᜬ⾌䇹䈱ベㇳ䉕㑆ធ⊛䈮᣿䉌䈎䈮䈜䉎䈖䈫䈲น⢻䈣䉐䈉䇯㩷

㩷 䇸଻㒾䇹䈫䈲䇮ᄙዋੂ᥸䈭⸒䈇ᣇ䈮䈭䉎䈏䇮⃻࿷䈱⁁ᘒ䈻䈱ᓳᏫ䉕⻭䈇䈭䈏䉌䉅᳿䈚䈩ේ⁁ᓳᏫ

䈪䈐䈭䈇೙ᐲ䈪䈅䉎䇯଀䈋䈳䇮䈇䈦䈢䉖ᶏ㔍੐᡿䈏䈅䉏䈳⦁䉅䉐䈫䉅৻ಾ䈱Ⓧ䉂⩄䈲ᴉ䉖䈪䈚䉁䈉

䈱䈪䈅䈦䈩䇮㒽਄ャㅍ䈱䈳䈅䈇䈱䉋䈉䈭ㆇ៝䈱ౣ⛮⛯䈲䈾䈫䉖䈬ᦸ䉂䉋䈉䈏䈭䈇䇯䇸଻㒾ᢱ䇹䈲⽻ᐊ

䈪ᡰᛄ䉒䉏⽻ᐊ䈪ᛄ䈇ᚯ䈘䉏䉎䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯⽻‛⦁䈱䈳䈅䈇䈮䇸⛽ᜬ⾌䇹䈪䈭䈒䈩䇸଻㒾ᢱ䇹䈏⸘਄䈘

䉏䈢䈱䈲䇮㊄㌛⵬ఘ䈪䈚䈎䈅䉍䉋䈉䈏䈭䈇᳓਄ャㅍ䉕⠨ᘦ䈚䈩䈱䈖䈫䈫ᕁ䉒䉏䉎䇯㩷

㩷 䈫䈜䉎䈫䇮䇸⛽ᜬ⾌䇹䈲䇮න䈮㊄㌛䈮䉋䉎ઍᦧ⵬ఘ䈪䈭䈒㵰⃻࿷䈱⁁ᘒ㵱䈫䈚䈩ㅴⴕਛ䈱↢↥ᬺോ䈱

䈠䈱䉁䉁ਣ䈗䈫䈱⛯ⴕ䉕䉄䈙䈜᭎ᔨ䇮䈫䈚䈩ᝒ䈋䉌䉏䉎䈖䈫䈮䈭䉎䇯଀䈋䈳䇮ᓮ⠪䈏૕⺞䉕፣䈚䈢䉍

㚍䉇㚍ゞ䈏⿛䉏䈭䈒䈭䈦䈩䉅䇮⽻‛䈲ㅍ䉍ዯ䈔䉌䉏䈭䈔䉏䈳䈭䉌䈭䈇䇯ᓮ⠪䉇㚍䉇㚍ゞ䈏ᕆㆰ⺞

㆐䈘䉏䉎䈏䇮䈠䈱㓙䇮䈠䉏䉌䈲න䈮‛⊛䈮ሽ࿷䈚䈩䈇䉏䈳䉋䈇䈫䈇䈉䉒䈔䈪䈲䈭䈇䇯ኋ႐䈏ᢛ஻䈘

䉏䇮ᓮ⠪ḳ䉁䉍䉇ᦧ䈋㚍೙ᐲ䉇㚍ゞደ䊶㚍ౕደ䇮䈘䉌䈮䈲․೎ଢ䈱䈳䈅䈇䈱䈧䈭䈑㚍䉇ᦧ䈋㚍ゞ

䈱૬⿛䈘䈋䉅䈏䇮Ᏹᤨ䉴䉺䊮䊋䉟⁁ᘒ䈪㈩⟎䈘䉏䈩䈇䈭䈔䉏䈳䈭䉌䈭䈇䈣䉐䈉䇯䇸⛽ᜬ⾌䇹䈫䈲䇮⋥㕙

䈜䉎ᬺോ䈱⛯ⴕ䉕ᡰ䈋䉎⢛ᓟ䈱␠ળ䉲䉴䊁䊛䈮䉁䈪䉅㑐䉒䈦䈩䈒䉎᭎ᔨ䈭䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯䇸㚍ゞ䈱⏴៊

－2－ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第一会場

⾌䇹䈫䈲೎䈮䇸㚍ゞ䈱⛽ᜬ⾌䇹䈏⁛⥄䈮㗄⋡┙䈩䈘䉏䈢䈱䈲䇮䈠䈱䈢䉄䈪䈲䈭䈇䈣䉐䈉䈎䇯㩷

㩷

㩷㸊㪅㩷⾗⽷ಽ㘃䈫⾗ᧄ⛽ᜬ䈱䉲䉴䊁䊛䋨╙ੑ▻╙৻┨䉋䉍䋩㩷㩷㩷

㩷 䇺࿖ን⺰䇻╙ੑ▻╙৻┨䇸⾗⽷䈱ಽഀ䈮䈧䈇䈩䇹䈪䉴䊚䉴䈲䇮࿖᳃䉕䇸⾗⽷䉕ᚲ᦭䈜䉎⠪䇹䈫䇸ഭ௛

⽺᳃䇹䈮ಽ䈔䇮䈠䈚䈩⾗⽷ᚲ᦭⠪䈱୘䇱䈱䇸⾗⽷䇹䉕䇮㽲䇸ᓐ䈱⋥ធ⊛ᶖ⾌䈱䈢䉄䈮⇐଻䈘䉏䉎ㇱ

ಽ䇹䇮㽳䇸໡ੱ䈱⽷⽻䇹䈱䉋䈉䈮ᵹㅢ䈚⛮⛯⊛䈮੤឵䈘䉏䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䈦䈩೑Ả䉕䉅䈢䉌䈜䇸ᵹേ⾗ᧄ䇹䇮

㽴䇸ਥੱ䉕ᄌ䈋䈝䈠䉏એ਄䈲ᵹㅢ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈭䈚䈮䇹෼౉䉁䈢䈲೑Ả䉕䉅䈢䉌䈜䇸࿕ቯ⾗ᧄ䇹䈮ਃಽ䈜

䉎㩿㪮㪥㪃㪉㪎㪐ޯ㪉㪏㪇㪀䇯ઁᣇ䉴䊚䉴䈲ห┨䈱ᓟඨㇱಽ䈪䇮䇸䈬䉖䈭࿖䈅䉎䈇䈲␠ળ䈱৻⥸⊛⾗⽷䉅䇮䈠

䈱䈜䈼䈩䈱૑᳃䈅䉎䈇䈲ᚑຬ䈱⾗⽷䈫ห᭽䈪䈅䉎䇹䈫⸒䈦䈢਄䈪䇮䇸␠ળ䈱৻⥸⊛⾗⽷䇹䉕䇮䇸⋥ធ

⊛ᶖ⾌䈱䈢䉄䈮⇐଻䈘䉏䉎ㇱಽ䇹䇸࿕ቯ⾗ᧄ䇹䇸ᵹേ⾗ᧄ䇹䈮ਃಽ䈜䉎㩿㪮㪥㪃㪉㪏㪈ޯ㪊㪀䇯㩷

㩷 ᧄႎ๔䈏⌕⋡䈜䉎䈱䈲䇮䇸ห᭽䈪䈅䉎䇹䈫⸒䈇䈭䈏䉌䇮␠ળ⊛✚⾗ᧄ䈫୘೎⾗ᧄ䈫䈱㑆䈮↢䈛䈩䈇

䉎䉴䊚䉴䈍䈔䉎⾗⽷ಽ㘃਄䈱䉵䊧䈪䈅䉎䇯䈇䈒䈧䈎䈱䉵䊧䈏ᜰ៰䈘䉏䈉䉎䈏䇮䈖䈖䈪䈲䇮䇸࿕ቯ⾗ᧄ䇹

䈱╙ਃ㗄⋡䈫䈚䈩ᡷ⦟䈘䉏䈢ㄘ႐䈱䈢䉄䈱䇸࿯࿾䈱ᡷ⦟䇹䋨ᢛ࿾䊶ឃ᳓䊶࿐䈇ㄟ䉂䊶ᣉ⢈䋩䇮䈍䉋䈶

╙྾㗄⋡䈫䈚䈩ᢎ⢒䊶⎇ⓥ䊶ᓤᒉୃⴕ䈮䉋䈦䈩䇸␠ળ䈱ో૑᳃䉁䈢䈲ోᚑຬ䈏₪ᓧ䈚䈢᦭↪䈭⢻

ജ䇹䈏⸘਄䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䈖䈫䉕䇮ର਄䈮਄䈞䉋䈉䇯㩷

㩷 䈖䉏䉌䈱䉟䊮䊐䊤⊛䈭⻉⾗⽷䈲䇮න䈮୘೎⾗ᧄ䈱ᄖ⊛䈭ၮ⋚䈫䈚䈩䈣䈔䈪䈭䈒䇮⾗ᧄ䈱ᄖ✼䈮䈅

䉎⥄ὼ䈫ੱ㑆䈱ౣ↢↥䉲䉴䊁䊛䉕⾗ᧄᓴⅣ䈮ਇᢿ䈮േຬ䈚䈩䈒䉎䈢䉄䈱㵰᜚ὐ㵱䈫䈚䈩䉅ᝒ䈋䉌䉏䈩

䈇䉎䇯଀䈋䈳䇮ᄢ࿾䈱ഃㅧ‛䈪䈅䉎ේ⚛᧚䉕⾗ᧄ䈲↢↥䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䈭䈇䈱䈣䈏䇮䈖䈱ේ⚛᧚䈱

ଏ⛎䈮䈧䈇䈩䉴䊚䉴䈲䇮ㄘᬺ⠪䊶㋶ᬺ⠪䊶Ṫᬺ⠪䈏࿯࿾䊶㋶ጊ䊶Ṫ႐䉕䇸⢒ᚑ䈜䉎䇹䈢䉄䈮䇸⾗ᧄ䇹䉕

㈩஻䈜䉎䉋䈉䈮䈭䉏䈳䇮ᓐ䉌ේᬺ⠪䈫⵾ㅧᬺ⠪䈱䇸㪉 䈧䈱㓏⚖䇹䈱㑆䈪䇸⌀䈱੤឵ 㫉㪼㪸㫃㩷㪼㫏㪺㪿㪸㫅㪾㪼䇹䈏

䈍䈖䈭䉒䉏䉎䉋䈉䈮䈭䉍䇮䈖䈉䈚䈩䇸࿯࿾䊶㋶ጊ䊶Ṫ႐䈱↢↥‛䈫䈇䈉 㪊 䈧䈱Ḯᴰ䇹䈎䉌䈱䇸⛮⛯⊛䈭ଏ

⛎䇹䈏⏕଻䈘䉏䉎䉋䈉䈮䈭䉎䇮䈫ㅀ䈼䈩䈇䉎㩿㪮㪥㪃㪉㪏㪋㪀䇯䇸࿯࿾䇹䈻䈱䇸⾗ᧄ䇹䈱㈩஻䈲ේᬺ⠪䉕䈇䉒䈳

㵰⾗ᧄኅ㵱ൻ䈚䇮䈖䉏䈮䉋䈦䈩⵾ㅧᬺ⠪䈫䈱㑆䈮⾗ᧄኅห჻䈫䈚䈩䈱䇸⌀䈱੤឵䇹䈏ᚑ┙䈚䇮ේ⚛᧚

䈱⾗ᧄᓴⅣ䈻䈱⛮⛯⊛䈭ଏ⛎䈏⏕଻䈘䉏䉎䇮䈫䉴䊚䉴䈲ㅀ䈼䈩䈇䉎䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯䇸࿕ቯ⾗ᧄ䇹䈱╙ਃ

㗄⋡䈪䈅䉎࿯࿾䉟䊮䊐䊤䈲䇮䇸⾗ᧄ䇹䉕⥄ὼ⊛䈭ౣ↢↥䉲䉴䊁䊛䈫ធว䈘䈞䇮⾗ᧄᓴⅣ䈮䇸࿯࿾䇹䉕

ㅍ䉍ㄟ䉃ᇦ੺Ⅳ䈫䈚䈩䉅⠨䈋䉌䉏䈩䈇䉎䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷

㩷 䈪䈲䇮䇸ഭ௛䇹䈮䈧䈇䈩䈲䈬䈉䈎䇯䇸⾗ᧄ䇹䈱ᄖ஥䈮䈅䈦䈩⾗ᧄᓴⅣ䈮䈫䈦䈩ᔅ㗇䈱ੱ㑆䈱ౣ↢↥

䉲䉴䊁䊛䈱ข䉍ㄟ䉂䉕䇮䉴䊚䉴䈲䈬䈉ℂ⺰ൻ䈚䈩䈇䉎䈱䈣䉐䈉䈎䇯䇸࿕ቯ⾗ᧄ䇹▸⇵䈱╙྾㗄⋡䈏䇸␠

ળ䈱ో૑᳃䉁䈢䈲ోᚑຬ䈏₪ᓧ䈚䈢᦭↪䈭⢻ജ䇹䈪䈅䈦䈢䈖䈫䉕⸥ᙘ䈮⇐䉄䈧䈧䇮䉴䊚䉴䈱㵰ഭ⾓

⺰㵱䈮䊜䉴䉕౉䉏䈩䉂䉎䈖䈫䈮䈚䉋䈉䇯㩷

－3－ 㩷

㩷㸋㪅㩷ഭ௛⛽ᜬ䈱䉲䉴䊁䊛䈫ഭ௛⠪䈱⥄┙䋨╙৻▻╙౎┨䉋䉍䋩㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷

㩷 䇺࿖ን⺰䇻╙৻▻╙౎┨䇸ഭ௛䈱⾓㊄䈮䈧䈇䈩䇹䈱ਛᔃ䊁䊷䊙䈲䇮૗᡿䉟䉩䊥䉴䈱ഭ௛⠪䈮㜞䈇

ഭ⾓䈏ᡰᛄ䉒䉏䈩䈇䉎䈎䇮䈪䈅䉎䇯䈜䈭䉒䈤䉴䊚䉴䈲䇮ഭ௛⠪䈫ⷫᣇ䈱ജ㑐ଥ䈮䉋䈦䈩᳿䉁䉎䇸ഭ

⾓䇹䈲࿅⚿ജ䈮ఝ䉎ⷫᣇ஥䈱ൎ೑䈮⚳䉒䉍䈏䈤䈣䈏䋨㪮㪥㪃㪏㪊ޯ㪌䋩䇮䈚䈎䈚䈠䉏䈮䉅䈎䈎䉒䉌䈝䇮䉟䉩

䊥䉴䈱ഭ௛⠪䈮䈲䇸↢ᵴ⛽ᜬ⾌ 㫄㪸㫀㫅㫋㪼㫅㪸㫅㪺㪼䇹䉋䉍䉅ᄙ䈒䈏ᡰᛄ䉒䉏䈩䈇䉎䉋䈉䈪䈅䉍䋨㪮㪥㪃㪏㪌ޯ㪐㪈䋩䇮

䈠䈱䈖䈫䈲೨਎♿䈎䉌䈱ฦ⒳䊂䊷䉺䈮䉋䈦䈩䉅ᬌ⸽䈪䈐䉎䋨㪮㪥㪃㪐㪈ޯ㪍䋩䇮䈫⺰䈛䈩䈇䈒䇯䈠䈚䈩䇮㜞䈇

ഭ⾓䈲ੱญ䉕Ⴧട䈘䈞ൕഭ䉕ೝỗ䈜䉎䈎䉌␠ળ䈮䈫䈦䈩᦭೑䈪䈅䉎䈖䈫䋨㪮㪥㪃㪐㪍ޯ㪈㪇㪇䋩䇮㘩ᢱຠଔ

ᩰ䈏㜞䈇ᤨ䈱ᣇ䈏ൕഭ䉕ೝỗ䈜䉎䈫䈇䈉ଶ⺑䈲⻪⺰䈪䈅䉎䈖䈫䋨㪮㪥㪃㪈㪇㪇ޯ㪋䋩䇮䈠䈚䈩ᦨᓟ䈮䇮ഭ⾓

Ⴧട䈲‛ଔ䉕਄᣹䈘䈞䉎䈱䈪䈲䈭䈇䈎䈫䈇䈉 ᔨ䈲ഭ௛↢↥ᕈ਄᣹䈮䉋䈦䈩⋧Ვ䈘䉏䉎䈎䉌ή↪

䈪䈅䉎䈖䈫䈏ㅀ䈼䉌䉏䈩䈇䉎䋨㪮㪥㪃㪈㪇㪋䋩䇯㩷

㩷 䉟䉩䊥䉴䈮䈍䈔䉎䈖䈱㜞⾓㊄䈲䇮䇼࿖ን㸢෼౉䊶⾗ᧄ㸢ഭ௛⛽ᜬ䊐䉜䊮䊄㸢ഭ௛㔛ⷐ㸢⾓㊄䇽䈫䈇

䈉⾗ᧄᓴⅣ䈱ਛ䈪ల⿷䈘䉏䈩䈇䈒䇮䈫䉴䊚䉴䈲⠨䈋䈩䈇䉎䇯䈚䈎䈚䇮หᤨ䈮䉴䊚䉴䈲䇮䇸ੱ㑆䈱↢↥

㫇㫉㫆㪻㫌㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷 㫆㪽㩷 㫄㪸㫅䇹䋨㪮㪥㪃㪐㪏䋩䉕ⷞ㊁䈮౉䉏䈩䈍䉍䇮⾗ᧄᓴⅣ䈱䉴䊛䊷䉵䈭ዷ㐿䉕㒖ኂ䈜䉎ⷐ࿃䈮

䈧䈇䈩䉅⺰෸䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯㘩ᢱຠଔᩰ䈱ૐਅ䈏ഭ௛⠪䈱䇸⥄┙䇹ൻ௑ะ䉕ᒝ䉄䇸ഭ௛ଏ⛎䇹䈱ᷫዋ䈮

䈧䈭䈏䉍䈉䉎䈖䈫䉕䇮ᅛ㓮䈫䈱ኻᲧ䈪䇮䉴䊚䉴䈲䈖䈉⺆䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯㩷

㩷 䇸⼾ን䈭ᐕ䈮䈲䇮૶↪ੱ䈢䈤䈲䈚䈳䈚䈳䈠䈱㓹ਥ䈱䉅䈫䉕෰䈦䈩䇮ᓐ䉌⥄り䈱ൕഭ䈪૞䉍䈉䉎↢ᵴ

⾗ᢱ䈮㗬䉎䇯䈚䈎䈚㘩ᢱຠ䈱ห᭽䈱቟ଔ䈲䇮૶↪ੱ䈱⛽ᜬ䈮ะ䈔䉌䉏䉎䊐䉜䊮䊄䉕Ⴧട䈘䈞䉎䈖䈫

䈮䉋䈦䈩䇮㓹ਥ䇮䈫䉍䉒䈔ㄘᬺ⠪䈮䇮䉋䉍ᄙᢙ䉕㓹↪䈜䉎䉋䈉䈮ᅑബ䈜䉎䇯䇹䋨㪮㪥㪃㪈㪇㪈䋩㩷

㩷 㘩ᢱຠଔᩰ䈱ૐਅ䈮䉋䉎↢ᵴᔅⷐ⚻⾌䈱ૐਅ䈲䇮ᅛ㓮ᚲ᦭⠪䈱ᅛ㓮䈮ኻ䈜䉎䇸ഭ௛㔛ⷐ䇹䉕Ⴧ

ട䈘䈞䉎䈏䇮ഭ௛⠪⥄り䈏ഭ௛䈱ਥੱ䈪䈅䉎⥄↱䈭⾓ഭ௛⠪䈱䈳䈅䈇䈮䈲䇮㓹↪䉋䉍䉅⥄┙䉕᰼

䈚䈩㓹ਥ䈱䉅䈫䉕෰䉐䈉䈫䈜䉎䈎䉌䇸ഭ௛ଏ⛎䇹䈏ᷫዋ䈜䉎䇮䈫⸒䈉䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯䈫䈜䉎䈫䇮࿖ንჇᄢ䈮䉋

䈦䈩Ⴧട䈜䉎ഭ௛㔛ⷐ䈮ᔕ䈛䉎ഭ௛ଏ⛎䈲䇮䈬䈖䈪⏕଻䈘䉏䉎䈱䈣䉐䈉䈎䇯䈖䈱ὐ䈪䇮䉴䊚䉴䈱ഭ௛

Ꮢ႐䈲㵰࿎㔍㵱䉕ᛴ䈋䈩䈇䉎䈫⸒䈋䉎䇯㩷

㩷 ೨▵䈪⷗䈢䇸࿕ቯ⾗ᧄ䇹䈱╙྾㗄⋡䇮䈜䈭䉒䈤ഭ௛⠪䈻䈱ੱ⊛ᛩ⾗䈲䇮䈖䈱࿎㔍䈮ኻ䈜䉎৻ቯ

䈱⸃᳿䈮䈲䈭䉎䈣䉐䈉䇯⾗ᧄ⫾Ⓧ䈱ㅴዷ䈫䈫䉅䈮ഭ௛⠪䈏䇸࿕ቯ⾗ᧄ䇹䉕ⵝ஻䈜䉎䈮䈧䉏䈩䇮↢ᵴ

⛽ᜬ⚻⾌ਛ䈮භ䉄䉎㘩ᢱຠଔᩰ䈱Ყ㊀䈲⋧ኻ⊛䈮ዊ䈘䈒䈭䈦䈩䈇䈐䇮䈠䈱䈖䈫䈲䇮㘩ᢱຠଔᩰ䈱

ૐਅ䈮䉋䉎ഭ௛⠪䈱⾗ᧄᓴⅣ䈎䉌䈱ㅌ಴૛࿾䈱❗ዊ䉕ᗧ๧䈜䉎䈎䉌䈪䈅䉎䇯䈚䈎䈚䇮ഭ௛⠪䈲ੱ

ᩰ䈫䈚䈩ᧄ⾰⊛䈮⥄↱䈪䈅䉍䇮䉁䈢⾗ᧄ⫾Ⓧ䈮઻䈦䈩ቇᩞᢎ⢒䉇⡯ᬺᢎ⢒䈱䉋䈉䈭䇸࿕ቯ⾗ᧄ䇹䈏

ഭ௛⠪৻ੱ৻ੱ䈱り૕䈮䇸᦭↪䈭⢻ജ䇹䈫䈚䈩ቯ⌕䈚䈩䈇䈒䈖䈫䈲䇮䈠䉏⥄૕䈏ഭ௛⠪䈱⥄┙ᕈჇ

－4－ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第一会場

ᄢ䈱ⷐ࿃䈮䉅䈭䈦䈩䈇䈒䈣䉐䈉䇯⾗ᧄᓴⅣ䈏ẜ࿷䈘䈞䈩䈇䉎ഭ௛⏕଻䈱࿎㔍䈲䇮ഭ௛⠪䈱࿕ቯ⾗

ᧄⵝ஻䈮䉋䈦䈩䈲⸃᳿䈪䈐䈭䈇㕙䈏ᱷ䉎䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷

㩷

㩷㸌㪅㩷᦭↪ഭ௛᭎ᔨ䈱⸳ቯ䋨䇸ᐨ⺰䇹䉋䉍䋩㩷㩷㩷㩷

㩷 䉴䊚䉴䈲䇺࿖ን⺰䇻ᐨ⺰䈱౨㗡䈪䇮࿖᳃䈏ᐕ䇱䇸ᶖ⾌䇹䈜䉎↢ᵴ䈱ᔅ㔛ຠ䈫ଢ⋉ຠ䉕ᧄḮ⊛䈮ଏ

⛎䈜䉎䇸䊐䉜䊮䊄䋨Ḯᴰ䋩䇹䈲䇸ഭ௛䇹䈪䈅䉎䈖䈫䇮࿖᳃䈱ን⵨ᐲว䈇䈲ᶖ⾌⠪ᢙ䈮ኻ䈜䉎ഭ௛↢↥‛

㊂䈱Ყ₸䈱ᄢዊ䈮䉋䈦䈩᳿䉁䉎䈖䈫䇮䈖䈱Ყ₸䈲䇮㽲ഭ௛䈱ᛛ⢻䊶ᚻ䈑䉒䊶್ᢿജ䈫䇮㽳᦭↪ഭ௛

䈮ᓥ੐䈜䉎ੱ䇱䈫ᓥ੐䈚䈭䈇ੱ䇱䈱Ყ₸䈮䉋䈦䈩ⷙ೙䈘䉏䉎䈖䈫䇮䉕⸥䈚䈩䈇䉎䋨㪮㪥㪃㪈㪇䋩䇯㩷

㩷 䈖䈱౨㗡ᢥ䈮䈧䈇䈩䈲䇮⇼໧䈏ឭ಴䈘䉏䈉䉎䇯䉅䈚ን䈱Ḯᴰ䈏ഭ௛䈪䈅䉎䈫⸒䈉䈱䈪䈅䉏䈳䇮࿖᳃

䈱ን⵨䋨↢↥‛㊂䈱⼾ን䋩䈲ഭ௛䈱↢↥ᕈ䋨ᛛ⢻䊶ᚻ䈑䉒䊶್ᢿജ䋩䈮䉋䈦䈩᳿䉁䉎䇮䈫න⚐䈮ㅀ䈼

䉏䈳䉋䈇䈱䈮䇮૗᡿䉴䊚䉴䈲䇸䈚䈎䈚䇹䈫ㅀ䈼䈩䇮䉒䈙䉒䈙䇸᦭↪ഭ௛䈮ᓥ੐䈜䉎ੱ䇱䈱ᢙ䈫䈠䉏䈮

ᓥ੐䈚䈭䈇ੱ䇱䈱ᢙ䈫䈱Ყ₸䇹䉅ᜰ៰䈚䈭䈔䉏䈳䈭䉌䈭䈎䈦䈢䈱䈎䇮䈫䈇䈉⇼໧䈪䈅䉎䇯䇸ᐨ⺰䇹䈪㊀

ⷐ䈭᭎ᔨ䈫䈚䈩૶↪䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䈮䉅䈎䈎䉒䉌䈝䇮䇸᦭↪ഭ௛ 㫌㫊㪼㪽㫌㫃㩷 㫃㪸㪹㫆㫌㫉䇹䈫䈇䈉⺆䈏䈠䈱ᓟ䈱䇺࿖

ን⺰䇻䈱คㅀ䈮䈲䈅䉁䉍⊓႐䈚䈩䈖䈭䈇䈖䈫䉅䉁䈢䋨㪺㪽㪅㪮㪥㪃㪈㪇ޯ㪈㪈㪃㪈㪈㪇㪃㪉㪍㪌㪃㪉㪍㪍㪃㪍㪎㪍ޯ㪎㪃㪏㪎㪉ޯ㪊䋩䇮䈖

䈱⇼໧䈻䈱㑆ធ⊛䈭ᡰᜬ䉕ਈ䈋䈩䈇䉎䈣䉐䈉䇯㩷

㩷 䈖䉏䈮ኻ䈚䈩䈲䇮䈅䉎⒟ᐲ䉴䊚䉴⥄り䈏╵䈋䈩䈒䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯਄䈱ᒁ↪ᢥ䈮⛯䈔䈩䉴䊚䉴䈲䇮䇸㊁ⱄ䈭

࿖᳃䇹䈮䈍䈇䈩䈲ᄢᄙᢙ䈏⁚⁸䊶Ṫഭ䈱䉋䈉䈭䇸᦭↪ഭ௛䇹䈮ᓥ੐䈚䈩䈇䉎䈮䉅䈎䈎䉒䉌䈝⽺䈚䈒䇮

෻ኻ䈮䇸ᢥ᣿ൻ䈘䉏❥ᩕ䈚䈩䈇䉎࿖᳃䇹䈮䈍䈇䈩䈲䉁䈦䈢䈒ഭ௛䈚䈭䈇ᄙᢙ䈱ੱ䇱䈏䈇䉎䈮䉅䈎䈎

䉒䉌䈝⼾䈎䈪䈅䉎䈫䈇䈉䉋䈉䈮䇮䇸᦭↪ഭ௛䇹䈱ᄙ䈘䈲ᔅ䈝䈚䉅࿖᳃䈱ን⵨䉕䉅䈢䉌䈜䈫䈲⸒䈋䈭䈇䈏䇮

䈫䈲䈇䈋䇮ഭ௛䈱ᾫ✵䊶ᛛ⢻䊶್ᢿജ䋨╙৻䈱੐ᖱ䋩䈱⁁ᘒ䈏ห䈛䈪䈅䈦䈩䉅䇸᦭↪ഭ௛䇹䈱Ყ₸

䋨╙ੑ䈱੐ᖱ䋩䈮䉋䈦䈩䈲⼾䈎䈘䈏Ⴧᄢ䈘䉏䈉䉎䈱䈪䈅䉍䇮䈣䈎䉌䇮╙৻䈱੐ᖱ䈮䈧䈇䈩䈲䇺࿖ን⺰䇻

╙৻▻䈪䇮╙ੑ䈱੐ᖱ䈮䈧䈇䈩䈲╙ੑ▻䈪䇮䈠䉏䈡䉏⼏⺰䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䈚䉋䈉䇮䈫ㅀ䈼䈩䈇䉎䈎䉌䈪

䈅䉎䋨㪮㪥㪃㪈㪇ޯ㪈㪈䋩䇯䉴䊚䉴䈲䇺࿖ን⺰䇻╙ੑ▻“⾗ᧄ⺰”䉕“᦭↪ഭ௛⺰”䈫䈚䈩ዷ㐿䈚䉋䈉䈫䈚䈩䈇䈢

䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷

㩷 䈠䈱㓙䇮䉴䊚䉴䈏䇸᦭↪ഭ௛䇹䈫䈇䈉᭎ᔨ䉕䇮䇸㊁ⱄ䇹䈫䇸ᢥ᣿䇹䈱ኻᲧ䈱ਛ䈪⺆䈦䈩䈇䉎䈖䈫䈏ᵈ⋡䈘

䉏䉎䇯䈠䉅䈠䉅䇸᦭↪䇹䈫䈇䈉᭎ᔨ䈲ᦌᤒ䈪䈅䉍䇮૗䉕䇸᦭↪䇹䈫䈜䉎䈎䈲ᤨઍ䈫␠ળ૕೙䈮䉋䈦䈩⇣䈭

䉎䇯଀䈋䈳䇮ㄘ᧛㗔ਥ䈱ᅍ૽⊛䈭ᶖ⾌䈏⛽ᜬ䈚䈩䈇䈢ኅ⤿䉇ถ૶䈇╬䇱䈲ኽᑪ೙ਅ䈪䈲䈠䉏䈭

䉍䈮䇸᦭↪䇹䈫䉂䈭䈘䉏䈉䉎䈏䇮⾗ᧄ೙ਅ䈪䈲䇸ή↪䇹䈭䉅䈱䈮⾇ㅌ䈚䈩䈚䉁䈉䈣䉐䈉䇯䇸㊁ⱄ䈭࿖᳃䇹䈎

䉌䇸ᢥ᣿ൻ䈘䉏❥ᩕ䈚䈩䈇䉎࿖᳃䇹䈻䈱ផォ䈲䇮䇸᦭↪ഭ௛䈮ᓥ੐䈚䈭䈇ੱ䇱䇹䈱䇸᦭↪ഭ௛䈮ᓥ੐

䈜䉎ੱ䇱䇹䈻䈱⚵䉂ᦧ䈋䈱ㆊ⒟䈪䈅䉎䈫䈫䉅䈮䇮䇸᦭↪ഭ௛䈮ᓥ੐䈜䉎ੱ䇱䇹䈱䇸᦭↪ഭ௛䈮ᓥ੐䈚

－5－ 䈭䈇ੱ䇱䇹䈻䈱ォ឵䈮䉋䈦䈩ਇᢿ䈮㵰㕖᦭↪ഭ௛㵱䉕ഃ಴䈜䉎ㆊ⒟䈪䉅䈅䉎䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯䈖䈱䇸ή↪䇹䈫

䈭䈦䈢㵰㕖᦭↪ഭ௛⠪㵱䈏䇮࿖ንჇᄢ䈮䉋䈦䈩Ⴧട䈜䉎䇸ഭ௛㔛ⷐ䇹䈮ኻᔕ䈜䉎䇸ഭ௛ଏ⛎䇹䈱ฃ䈔

⋁䈮䈭䉎䈫⠨䈋䉏䈳䇮⾗ᧄᓴⅣ䈱㵰࿎㔍㵱䈻䈱⸃᳿䈏ਈ䈋䉌䉏䉎䈣䉐䈉䇯㩷

㩷

㩷㸍㪅㩷⚿䈶䈮䈎䈋䈩㩷

㩷 ᕟ䉌䈒䇮䇺࿖ን⺰䇻䈱ઁ䈱⻉┨䈮䉅䇮ੱ㑆䈫⥄ὼ䈱⛽ᜬ䉲䉴䊁䊛䈮㑐䈜䉎ห᭽䈱⺰⣂䉕⊒⷗䈜䉎䈖

䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎䈣䉐䈉䇯䈖䈱⺰⣂䈲䇮⾗ᧄᓴⅣ䈱ዷ㐿䈱ਛ䈪ฦ┨䈮䈍䈔䉎⚻ᷣ⊛䈭⻉▸⇵䈻䈫㍌ㄟ䉁䉏

䈩䈇䈐䇮คㅀ䈱⴫㕙䈎䉌䈲ᆫ䉕ᶖ䈚䈩䈇䉎䈖䈫䈏ᄙ䈇䇯䈠䈚䈩䇮⸒⪲䈫䈇䈉䉅䈱䈲ᤨ㑆䈫䈫䉅䈮ర᧪᦭

䈚䈩䈇䈢⻉ㅪ㑐䉕ᄬ䈇⎬⋥ൻ䈚䈩䈇䈒䉅䈱䈪䈅䉎䇯ᧄႎ๔䈏䈍䈖䈭䈦䈢䈖䈫䈲䇮䇸⛽ᜬ䇹䈫䈇䈉᭎ᔨ䉕

ㅢ䈚䈩䇮䉴䊚䉴䈱ℂ⺰䈮ᜰ៰䈘䉏䈉䉎䈇䈒䈧䈎䈱೨ᓟ᠓⌕䉇㘧べ䉇⺰ℂ⊛ਇᢛว䉕䇮䈖䈱⺰⣂䈱᣹

⪇ㆊ⒟䈮઻䈉ℂ⺰⊛㵰ⵚ䈔⋡㵱䈫䈚䈩ℂ⸃䈚䉋䈉䈫䈚䈢䈖䈫䈪䈅䉎䇯䇺࿖ን⺰䇻䈏ᥧ㤩䈮೨ឭ䈚䈩䈇䉎ẜ

൓⊛㗔ၞ䈱ᷓ䉂䈎䉌䉴䊚䉴ℂ⺰䈱ౣ᭴ᚑ䉕⹜䉂䉎䈖䈫䇯ᧄႎ๔䈲䇮䈠䈱䉋䈉䈭⹜ⴕ䈱৻䈧䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷

㩷

㩷

－6－ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第一会場

[JGƒ]ž\iˆEŸkj—FflžuˆŸƒ ɖࠡ ࠮ዄʂDŽƂʧዅ

18 Ⱦ͗ŗǰ\VfkŒ–l̪—øˣϞ4ĩŹʧ̞F߲ʡ=ৈ üάΓʋʧໄ¾-uˆŸƒዄ1711-1776ዅά\iˆEŸkዄ1713-1780ዅά \‚\ዄ1723-1790ዅȳɴ:ʡϟɳȾʽ,ϗϗ έɳƸʽžøˣ =šȽ ň4ʡശീ͕ɇΧʅʔȡ˓ʊΓʋʧϟΈĖŔʧ̎ ໤ϕ5άŹϢ_ƽϟƥ*୰ކۀ੺ŷ=਑6ϙϛ-୰ 5ȴϥ47Ϡ ϗϢάuˆŸƒ/\‚\ɳƸʽʡʔۇέϞݖϢ 47Ϡ -ά\iˆEŸkɳƸʽF ȡϗ˓ݖ;Ə4Ϟ—7Ϡ ߲ʡϟ5ϗά€fNȷȴ<ǀ͕ϗ6έ\iˆ EŸkuˆŸƒϟ5ȸ 6̰ϕ8ϙέ ʔȡϞ&6ۀ=iˆEŸkuˆŸƒശ--ǰΡ\ ;/ϗέuˆŸƒϗu5ਠݖ ϗϞάĕŏ6 ˥ܕϟȰϞ7Ϡϝ5άJ. H. Burton [1846]άE. C. Mossner [1980]άR. άuˆŸƒ\iˆEŸkീ:5͝5-ۇ=Graham [2004]ϗ7 ϕ6έuˆŸƒȰϗ Ȱˊ 600 ੒ʿȴğ—7ϗ6ϟάϙ \iˆ EŸkϕ47 -ȫ੒-ʝWϗέ--άʁʡ-ɳȾʽ\ VfkŒ–lʡϕ6܂ Ϧ8ά\iˆEŸk૪ɯ 22 ശƂත̃ WάuˆŸƒ-–l–/tά\VfkŒ–l=ʐʾ6ϦϟŹϞ  ϗϞέʔȡϟϞ -ȫɸȷȴ<ϗέ  William Mure ά Ϟϟ4uˆŸƒη--ɖϗۛɁθϕ (\iˆEŸkϗϦϕ6έ ά\iˆEŸkϟ΋ɢۛϢϗ˓ uˆŸƒȽɴ Poker Club ȽŤ„–sŸϕ ϟά\iˆEŸk-) „–sŸϗ6έϦ74ʀ˓Ϟ4άɄĚശʔȡϟϗϗ ϙ&ϙϟ+8ȷȴ<ƹ:76έ\iˆEŸkάuˆŸƒ/\‚\̛ V͛Γʋǂޠ=ij̉ϝ5άuˆŸƒ\iˆEŸkശʔȡȽ5 18 Ⱦ͗ŗǰΓʋʧďɤ=਑6ϙϛ-Ƨʌ;̯໤ϗέ έ̊ΰϟ\VfkŒ–l̲ϕɌ ʀ˓άϦʁʡۛ˲ʔȡϟϕ ܕౣ=ނ+ðɯǰɟϤ74ϗάĨƸŒȟ̛͛DZŻͿ —ɇ 1745 [†VsGkɲG–tRk=Ęʞ‘76Ϧϕ6έ ǰɟʡÛϕۀϒ,Ȋථ iˆEŸk[†VsGkɲɻϢീ:\ 5άňʔȡ=ɟ߲͛ડϤ 5෍ 56Ě-ŹϞ έ[†VsGk #šɭ=ʼ:7üȾϟເκά̳ͭ-യ̝—7 Postmaster ϟ¥˨Ρ=~ 4ϗ6ϗϙƸʽāǓϕ έuˆŸƒϟ\iˆEŸk̳ͭ/5

－7－ 5=Ϡ6 ϤડϤ ȸƂǂɱ-ϦϦϕ ϗϞέ \iˆEŸkuˆŸƒീ͕=ȸēɊ5ȴϥ  Skinner ϕ έ (Skinner  Skinner [1998], [2006]Ϧʁʡശۛ˲ʔȡϟϕ5ά 6 ϗۇዄઁϗ-ϞϞ:4ዅ%ΰš੒ǀϟ-ޠň4Γʋǂ ϕ5άɔîʜ35šʐ̢ƚ=5࣐ޠۀέϦ7ϒ,୰ €Ψ ϦϦά\iˆEŸkuˆŸƒശʔȡ“࡙=<Ϡüϙ6 -ϕ6έ : ɔîʜάውዊ\iˆEŸkuˆŸƒɢɎ: ʔɁീ ͕=Τϗ Ϧά—4ዎዊuˆŸƒ\iˆEŸkɔʡϞ5Ϣ\ *iˆEŸkۛŦ-šϢɻϢʔȡ=Τϝ5άʁʡϗ:˥Ŧϣ6 Ϡϕϗϕ Ϧά=Ə4Ϟ6έ ȱውʍ žuˆŸƒݰɢ uˆŸƒ\iˆEŸkϟ5uˆŸƒɢİ—Ϟ'6έϗ ϙ-άuˆŸƒ˥\iˆEŸk˥෎ɳś  Ϟ4 έuˆŸƒƂ ϛۇNinewells ˥ϣİ Whiteadder 1ϟȡ76ϟάɸϦϙ 6ϟ Stuart's Law ϗϙɴĩ^άϦ7\iˆEŸkȾŝyāϕ 6 Allanbank \iˆEŸk˥ໄ^ϕ6έ Ⱦŝyā˥ϡϗάϗϙϞ7έĨƸ\VfkŒ–lȫŦ ¥ૡ̛DZ6ðɯ-ϕ6ϟάϙϗðɯȫƛŤΗϠ=ͫ čǎ͛žøˣ͛Ť˯ē=1 έ\iˆEŸk˥ðɯϟϙά\iˆE k³ŗȫŦ-άŋŗȫŦ-ά-Ηɴ 1689 ʿඐɴݧ๏ʶ̅Ÿ ġϞUŤɋ˽=ͺϠ ɴധƛŤ  έAllanbank ˥\iˆE Ÿk³ŗάAllanton-Coltness-Goodtrees ȫŦą˥άAllanbank ̪ໄ¥ Ɋ76έۇϠϟϦΗ  ෨Νɔ˥ɴİ= Allanton Archibald StewartάJohn StewartάJohn Coutts uˆŸƒϟۛʔ=Η> ǯʖ ά—4 Gilbert Elliot -Ϧ˥ȫ˴ϕ6έuˆŸƒ-\ ŸˆϦ˥ŦۛϢʳϠɯϗϢέu iˆEŸk--ɢɎ: Ƚɴݔϕ ϟ–l–ϗ- Gilbert Ǣ઀˫Ǚ)ϗƒ 6έ ȱዎʍ žuˆŸƒ  Ďά\iˆEŸk  Ď  uˆŸƒ̫ž฽Ɍീ6ࢇŁɢϗϟάK[–sŒƂʧuˆ Ÿƒϟάϝ4Ϣ 1724 Ϟ4ùϞϤ Robert Stewart Ğ ʧ> Ϧ ąϞϗ6έRobert \iˆEŸkƂɈ³ŗ-uˆŸƒš\ iˆEŸkǢ˥=ܠ7 5ϗ6έň) nˆŸk–ɕåĚϕ5 Colin MacLaurin ϟ\iˆEŸkyā=Ğϛ -ňϟ5ϟീ͕ 

－8－ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第一会場

FIGURE1: THE HUME-STEUART CONNECTION

folk of Sir James’ Moth Kins er

Sir Hew Dalrymple of North Berwick, Lord President John Dalrymple 2nd Earl, Field Marshal Lady Johanna Dalrymple Hew Dalrymple Patrick Murray Lord Drummore Alexander Murray Elizabeth Dalrymple Lady Anne Lindsay Hume: “my Flame” of Balcarres, nee Dalrymple Sir David Dalrymple William Hamilton Lord Hailes of Bangour, the Jacobite Poet Sir John Dalrymple of Cranstoun, Historian Dukes and Duchess of Argyll Hume's summer jaunts to Inverary Lord Hertford General Conway Lord Kames Lord Lyttelton James Boswell Henry David Erskine Jamy (son of Sir James) Lady Agnes Erskine Adam Smith David Steuart Erskine David Hume of Sir James Steuart of James Oswald Ninewells Goodtrees and Coltness John Home Lady Frances Steuart Elizabeth Steuart

William Pitt Andrew Millar ★ William Mure of Caldwell the publisher Katherine Mure George Lewis Scott William Rouet John Boyle Joseph Harris Earl of Glasgow Archibald Stewart merchant and Lord Provost James Beattie John (”Jack”) Stewart his son

Sir Gilbert Elliot of Minto John Coutts banker and Lord Provost Anne & Peggy Elliot lodge keeper in London James Coutts David Stuart Moncrief Thomas Coutts bought Goodtrees

Robert Stewart Hume's Professor Allan Ramsay the painter Kin er sfolk of Sir James’ Fath

－9－ %ʡ—76έ ƸɌuˆŸƒϗ ,ƈĕϗ ɸϠǢŖ˥6؛Ƃʧ=üά Ƹ੪ݔϟğϗ ά\iˆEŸkƂɈŋ˥ዄŋŗዅ༙ʀΏϞ7 6έϦ7ȫ!Ϡ5ϦϞ  8ϙάuˆŸƒϦ˥Ŧዄ\i ˆEŸkϗϦ˥Ŧዅŗΰ)ۛ˲ʳϠɯϗ6έMossner uˆ Ÿƒϟ'My Flame'ʵ> Betty Dalrymple =Ϧ˥Ŧ Betty %ˏϗ 6ϟάňƺ-\iˆEŸkϗϦʱ4ϗέ uˆŸƒ\iˆEŸkƂɈŋ˥#ü‘5ϗ  8ϙϞέϝ 4Ϣ Henry Home ɳ3ϙʀȩϕ  8ϙέ̡ɺǢŖş=ΡΨ eŊ฽άuˆŸƒ\iˆEŸkŋŗȫŦϟΡ=ϞϤϗ ϗϙϦϗ 8ϙϞέϦŋŗȫŦĨƸ\VfkŒ–lɩǢʇ %άࢇŁğ—7ϗϗ-άĨƸɳ έ) ȸƂUധ=ݦϗ ̡ɺǢŖşȜ३=Ɍő—7ϗ \iˆEŸkϟάϦϙϗ ðuˆ Ÿƒɳ`ϗ ɡƫǀząϕ6έ uˆŸƒ\iˆEŸkŋŗȫŦšƊʔȡ1ô ੒5ϕ6έ ȱዏʍ άuˆŸƒ  Ďά\iˆEŸk  Ď യά\iˆEŸkϗϦ William Mure uˆŸƒɢɎ͗ۀ4୰—  6ʔɁǮ)5ϕ6έ1740 ʁʡϟ–l–ਝ਍ۛϢȫ : ੺ϧϗ6%ϟ̳ͭğ—7ϗ6έ) άŗuˆŸƒʡɢ͓ð6 William Rouet  Mure ϗϦϕ6έ .Ϣ6άuˆŸƒϟ\iˆEŸk˥ɳȾʽ઀ዄMure, Gilۇʿȴ3ϙ Elliot, Wil. Rouet, Lord Glasgow, John Stuart, G. L. Scott, David Dalrymple, etc.ዅ ̳̳=Ɋ5ɯɢϠϗϠƸʽ=̎ϗ 1ϟȳϞȴϟ Ϣ6ϕ8ϙέ ȱዐʍ άuˆŸƒ  Ďά\iˆEŸk  Ď đδϗϢέ1744 uˆŸƒK[–sŒƂʧĞ #z*ۀʿȵά  ŸkάK[–sŒJണϕ John Coutts  Archibald Stuart ϟΥ "ീȸ6έArchibald άuˆŸƒ\iˆEŸkϟĨƸF5ɯϗϕ  ɡƫǀ=ôಋ6ʡÛϕ6έ ޾6[†VsGkɲϟ࣐Ϡ6έ=ۂάrqŸ—DŸźɊঙ 1745 Archibald –l–ਗ਼؅—7ά\iˆEŸk 11 ȼȵŸ\VfkŒ–l =Džüάʿඐ 17 ശƂතʒʶɢȜ=਽6Ϧ6έ ȱዑʍ άuˆŸƒ  Ďά\iˆEŸk  Ď uˆŸƒϦ Advocates Library  Keeper 6έϦƸɌuˆŸƒ \iˆEŸk Goodtrees ˥#3Ϣܠ7ϗ6έ\iˆEŸkxŒ–\

－10－ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第一会場

ʒʶɋ ϟά\iˆEŸkǢESp\ϟ˥Ŧš́>ϗ έ ȱዒʍ άuˆŸƒ  Ďά\iˆEŸk  Ď 17 ശǀ͕=Γ 1762 ɓά\iˆEŸkG–SŒ–ļ6έ\V fkŒ–lù 7 ȼɓϞ 8 ȼēŸϢέʱŗuˆŸƒ 8 ȼ 10 ųK[ ˆ6ϟ5Ϟ4-άϦwˣuۇsŒ=͒xŒ–\࣎ϢέÜʍ– Ÿƒ\iˆEŸk઀ϟˣ %ˏ6ȴ<ϕ6έϞˣ  -7˲/Ϟάϕ 8ϙέϦƸ\iˆEŸkGQ\6Ǣ œࠄ—7ϗϞ έ6=ʁą–Ź˥=ฆΝ—ऄɊ5=ē6Ϧ =ʡÛȫʡϕ6\iˆEŸkȊˢۀVsGkɲέɕ†]  ŧϛ6ϗϙȩî=\iˆEŸkȫŦϟ.*ά\iˆEŸkॺ=෍— 4ϗāǓϕ Ϟ4ϕ6έ ȱዓʍ  άuˆŸƒ  Ďά\iˆEŸk  Ď 6έ1764  10ۇ=uˆŸƒ%ΰ\iˆEŸk˥Ŧ้Ώ tϕϗ ȼt/Ϡ \iˆEŸkǯʖ Jamy =ɋϤ‘7άƂ̦ϕ6 rŸkxLŸl˧ዄJamy ȴˍyϕ 6ዅ΃ʪ6έ1765 \i ˆEŸkǢKY|\̀ໜ̛̳ͭƍά1766 –l–̧Ϟ 4y John Home \iˆEŸkǤ Fanny #ਠʀ=܂=ϗ6έ ȱዔʍ άuˆŸƒ  Ďά\iˆEŸk  Ď uˆŸƒtϞ4Ž`Ÿ=ਗ਼7ά1 ȼ 13 ų–l–ϕϢέ\iˆE Ÿk\VfkŒ–lϞ4ιΓʋʧȢǂκİǰȢƚ=ͬϛ 3 ȼ 5 ų– l–ĜϕέuˆŸƒ 2 ȼ 1 ųϞ4 Rouet  Tronchin ϟǙ)ϗ6 Lisle-Street  Miss Elliot ˫Ů5ά\iˆEŸk- Lisle-Street ˫= 6έϦϙň4 John StewartάG. L. Scott 4šϗϢϞ˸̊Ɋ5 ΍+ȼų=੺ϧέuˆŸƒȫŗ\iˆEŸkĄôࣄ‚ɸϤŮŤ άʱŗιȢǂκȢƚ=üÃĚΤ ਏ+İΡ=੒ϗ6έüÃĚ Andrew Millar ʔʌɕ Rouet ϟϕ  ϟάuˆŸƒ Millar ീ ͕=Ęϛ7uˆŸƒ-Ϟ4ijീ: Ęϛ6$Ϡϕ8ϙέ ù 1767 ά11 ȼ 10 ųʳϤ\iˆEŸkϞ4uˆŸƒː̳ͭϟğ ϗ6έ¥˨\iˆEŸkࣄ‚੷Əീ6-ϕ6έ ȱዕʍ% άuˆŸƒ &% Ďά\iˆEŸk % Ď 1769  8 ȼάuˆŸƒ3ϙ/ϢK[–sŒΝ ϕϢέ\VfkŒ–l ɝ!5ȫ  ʁʡά\iˆEŸkϟK[–sŒɺϗ6Ϡ K[–sŒά\iˆEŸkϟ̪ໄ Coltness ϗ6ϠuˆŸƒϟ Coltness üɸϗάʔɁ=ϙ+Ϧ6έ Abby hill  Mure ˥ǕuˆŸƒϝů‘5ð̪ά\iˆEŸ

－11－ k-K[–sŒɺϗ6Ϡϣਝ̪́>ϗ έuˆŸƒŗϟ ʁȴ ϟά\iˆEŸkuˆŸƒ=Ϟ4Ϟϙ+ϟiϕ έ ŰάuˆŸƒ Mure š Inverary EŸOGŽ—²ϝ´ ̇ųϞ੺ϧάϙϗϙwˣ\iˆEŸk̪ໄ˰˔6 Ϧ-ϕ έ Ηݶ ʿȴ),6άuˆŸƒ\iˆEŸkɢɎ: ɻϗʔȡϟϕ Ϟ5Ϣά7˥Ŧϣ6*ϗ3ϗάๆišϢ˲ʔȡϕ ,ɳȾʽŹϢ\iˆEŸk׺ έuˆŸƒϟˆശšɢϠϠ Ěϕ6έ18 Ⱦ͗\VfkŒ–lϝϤ6ΓʋǂޠG–bŒRiF—͒ ϟϕ6ϕ8ϙέۀʔȡീ͕= )ϛ6Žۀ6෉ά̊ΰϦ୰ޠ=͗ ϦϦ—4-ϙȫάƂϠ̯໤==࣐ϗ6έϗϙ-ά̊ΰ ϙϛά«ªϦ7 ϦuˆŸƒ\iˆEŸkീ͕=ݪ߲ ϟ )uˆŸƒ˥ɇuˆŸƒ_ƽ=μ5ਠ*64άϕ6ƘǑ—ά ϗʣi—ůϞ
6=şϗέηʣi—θ: \iˆEŸkΈʡ uˆŸƒʡശീ͕ŹϢϦ7)-ząݶ ͱȾάϕ6έ1ô 47Ϡϗ6άϞ ȫά\iˆEŸkΈʡϟ)6İă5—7 Ϟ 3ϙÛΝ ijάϕ6έϦ7ϙϗϙϦ 8ϙϞέ $6ۇɯ͛ʀȩ36ٴc6ݻ5ά#ۀϦ7=$ȫ ʱ-ϗάĨƸ#ۀϙ4άȸƂ܂Ϡϕ8ϙέϞ7=͒F čǎ͛ŒȟɾϗͿ—ϕ έϦϦάuˆŸƒ\iˆE ŸkΈʡ͛ീ͕ϗϙΈĖ̯͛໤)4άϦƸɌΓʋʧɤ_ƽ -ȫĞܐ=ô̊ϗ6ϗ 8ϙϞέƂʧȾʇ/ĵɁžʧ̯ Ⱦʇϗϛ-άĨƸGQ\øˣΫŒȟɾϗV7Əϗϗ έ άŌΰ෍—7άݶ47άށ܂/Œȟϕീ:6ࢇŁ Ĝ7 Ϟ4Ĩ ϛϗέۇĿະŤ&ŗʽϞ4ϞϞ ĨƸ˓෉Τϗ ƸƸʽ˓Χ=ȳϞȴϟ46ȴά̫Ϣ-Ϧ 18 Ⱦ͗\VfkŒ ܂ƻ7ϗ6؛4ϗέێlീ܌ȟ͛ɾϗ=ধ– ά (-=ށ܂ ϤƛŤ=Τϗ άĨƸɾϙ ϗ෍—7ۂށ 5࣐ϦઑĄ˿¾ϤϗϞϤ74ϗέȴƏϦϕ6- =ǀۀ,ϦϦ୰ άuˆŸƒ\iˆEŸkീ͕_ƽɤϕ4 ôϗ63ϙƹ:76έ

－12－ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第一会場

ࠬࡒࠬએᓟߩ⽺࿎໧㗴ߣ 19 ਎♿ೋ㗡ߩ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇ  ⨹੗ᥓⴕ㧔ਛᄩᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ඳ჻ᓟᦼ⺖⒟㧕 Σߪߓ߼ߦ

1790 ᐕઍߩࡉ࡝࠹ࡦߢߪ㧘↥ᬺ㕟๮ߩㅴዷߣࡈ࡜ࡦࠬ㕟๮ᓟߩ᡽ᴦ⊛ỗേ㧘ߥࠄ߮ߦᢿ ⛯⊛ߥರ૞ߣ㘩♳ଔᩰߩ㜞㛛߇⚿߮ߟߊߎߣߦࠃߞߡ⽺࿎໧㗴߇ᷓೞൻߒߡ޿ߚ㧚19 ਎♿ ೋ㗡ߦ߅޿ߡ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇߩᦨ㜞ᮭᆭߣߐࠇࠆ࠺ࡘࠟ࡞࠼࡮ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻㧔1753́1828㧕߇ ߘࠇએ೨ߩ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇߩ⎇ⓥᣇᴺࠍୃᱜߒߚℂ↱ߦߪ㧘ߎ߁ߒߚ⽺࿎໧㗴߇ᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ࠍ ෸߷ߒߡ޿ߚ㧚ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߪ㧘1800 ᐕ߆ࠄ㧥ᐕ㑆ࠛ࠺ࠖࡦࡃ࡜ᄢቇߢⴕߞߚ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇ ⻠⟵ߩೋᐕᐲߩޟ1800́1801 ᐕ౻ቄߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇ⻠⟵ߩ⸘↹ޠߦ߅޿ߡ㧘⽺᳃ᢇᷣ ߦᲧ㊀ࠍ⟎޿ߡ޿ߚ㧚หޟ⸘↹ޠߪ㧘ޟੱญޠ㧘ޟ࿖ንޠ㧘ޟ⽺᳃ޠ㧘ޟᢇᷣⴕ᡽㧔Collective Police㧕ޠ㧘 ޟ੍㒐ⴕ᡽㧔Preventive Police㧕ޠ㧘ޟᢎ⢒ޠߩ㧢ㇱ㐷ߦࠃߞߡ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔Works Ϊ㧘 xvii-xx㧕㧚ߎߩ᭴ᚑߪ㧘ห⻠⟵ߢᱜᑼ᳿ቯߐࠇࠆ⋡ᰴߦ߅޿ߡޟੱญޠ㧘ޟ࿖ንޠ㧘ޟ⽺᳃ޠ㧘ޟᢎ ⢒ޠߩ㧠ㇱ㐷᭴ᚑ߳ߣ⍴❗ߐࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ߇㧘ᓐߩ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇ૕♽ߦභ߼ࠆ⽺᳃ᢇᷣ߇ ⻠⟵ߩ㐿⻠ᒰೋ߆ࠄ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᜂࠊߐࠇߡ޿ߚߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ㧚 ᧄႎ๔ߢߪ㧘ห⻠⟵ߩౝኈ߇෼߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޡ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇ⻠⟵ 1ޢ㧔એਅޡ⻠⟵ޢߣ⇛⸥㧕 ో૕ߦᢔ࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆ⽺࿎ߦ㑐ߔࠆᓐߩ⷗⸃ߦᵈ⋡ߒߡ⠨ኤߒ㧘⽺࿎໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡߩᓐߩ⃻ ታ⹺⼂ߣߘࠇߦၮߠߊ⽺࿎ኻ╷߅ࠃ߮⚻ᷣᕁᗐߣߩ㑐ㅪࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ㧚 ߘߒߡߘࠇࠄࠍㅢߓߡ㧘ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߩ⚻ᷣ␠ળߩࡆ࡚ࠫࡦࠍ␜ߒ㧘ᓐߩ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇߩ߽ ߟᗧ⟵ࠍតࠆ㧚ࠬࡒࠬએᓟߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩᤨᦼߦ↢ߓߚ⽺࿎໧㗴߇޿߆ߦ⺰ߓࠄࠇ㧘 ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇ߇ዷ㐿ߐࠇߚߩ߆ࠍ⷗಴ߔߩ߇ᧄႎ๔ߩ⁓޿ߢ޽ࠆ㧚

ΤⓃ‛ୖᐶߩ⸳⟎ࠍ߼ߋߞߡ  18 ਎♿ᧃߩ㧞ᐲߩᄢರ૞㧔1795 ᐕߣ 1799 ᐕ㧕ߦ⷗⥰ࠊࠇߚࡉ࡝࠹ࡦߢߪ㧘㐳ᦼߩⷞὐ ߦၮߠߊࠬࡒࠬ⥄↱⾏ᤃ⺰ߦኻߔࠆᙬ⇼⊛ߥ⷗ᣇ߇ࡗࡦࠣࠍᆎ߼ߣߒߡዋߥߊߥߊ㧘Ⓝ‛ ୖᐶߩ⸳⟎ࠍ߼ߋߞߡᱜ⏕ߥ⛔⸘ࠍ␜ߔߎߣ߇ਥⷐ࠹࡯ࡑߣߐࠇߡ޿ߚ߇㧘ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ ߩ႐วߦ߽ߎ߁ߒߚ⺰⺞ࠍᒝߊᏪ߮ߡ޿ߚ㧚ᓐߪ㧘ޡ⻠⟵ޢߦ߅޿ߡ࿖ౝߩ౏౒ߩⓃ‛ୖᐶ ߩ⸳┙ߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍᒝ⺞ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᓐ߇⃻ታߩ⽺࿎໧㗴߳ߩኻ╷ߣߒߡⓃ‛ୖᐶߩ⸳⟎ࠍᠩ ⼔ߒߚ⢛᥊ߦߪ㧘ᓐߩᢇ⽺ผⷰ߇ᷓߊ㑐ࠊߞߡ޿ߚ㧚ᓐߪ㧘ࡁ࡞ࡑࡦ࡮ࠦࡦࠢࠛࠬ࠻ᓟߩ ࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߩᢇ⽺ผࠍ⹦⚦ߦᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘↢ሽߦᔅⷐߥ㘩♳ߩឭଏ߇ᱜᒰ

1 ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߩ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇ⻠⟵ߪ㧘ࠛ࠺ࠖࡦࡃ࡜࡮࡟ࡧࡘࠕ࡯㧔ࡉ࡞࡯ࡓ㧘ࠫࠚࡈ࡝㧘ࡎ࡯࠽࡯㧘ࠪ࠼ ࠾࡮ࠬࡒࠬ㧕ࠍᆎ߼㧘ᓟߩᤨઍߦᄙᄢߥᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚߎߣߢ⍮ࠄࠇࠆ㧔ࠃࠅ⹦ߒߊߪ㧘Veitch 1854-1860, Winch 1983, Fontana 1985, Rashid 1985, 1991, Corsi 1987, Milgate and Stimson 1996, 2009, Macintyre 2003 ࠍෳᾖ㧕㧚ห⻠⟵ߪ㧘࠙ࠖ࡝ࠕࡓ࡮ࡂࡒ࡞࠻ࡦ߇ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߩ⻠⟵ࡁ࡯࠻ߣ⵬⿷⊛ߦቇ ↢ࡁ࡯࠻ࠍ೑↪ߒߡ✬㓸ߒ 1855 ᐕߦ಴ ߐࠇߚ㧚

－13－ ൻߐࠇࠆߣߔࠆ᳃ⴐߩᮭ೑ᗧ⼂ࠍ↢ߺ಴ߒߡ޿ߞߚવ⛔⊛ߥ␠ળߩⷙ▸ߣࠦࡦ࠮ࡦࠨࠬߩ ᱧผ⊛ᒻᚑࠍឬ߈಴ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎࠇߪ㧘ࡐ࡜ࡦ࠾࡯߇ᜰ៰ߒߚޟ␠ળ⊛ᮭᆭޠߦࠃߞߡ▤ ℂߐࠇߚޟ⛔೙⊛Ꮢ႐ 2ޠࠍᗧ๧ߒߡ޿ߚ㧚ߎߎߢᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆߩߪ㧘ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘 ߘ߁ߒߚޟ␠ળ⊛ᮭᆭޠߩਅߢ㘩♳᥸േ߳ߣ㚟ࠅ┙ߡࠆੱޘߩⴕേ߇㧘ࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߩ 㐳޿↢ᵴ⠌ᘠߣવ⛔ߦࠃߞߡᒻᚑߐࠇߡ߈ߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ 3㧚ߘߩߥ߆ߢ․ ߦ㊀ⷐߥ଀ߣߒߡ޽ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ߇㧘ࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߩᢎ඙ᢇ⽺㒮ߣᢇ⽺ᴺߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߎ ࠇࠄߪੱ㆏⊛ߥ⽺᳃ᢇᷣࠍᒰὼߛߣߔࠆ␠ળ⊛วᗧߦၮߠ޿ߡ޿ߚ㧚 㧔㧝㧕ᢎ඙ᢇ⽺㒮ߦߟ޿ߡ㧚ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߪ㧘15 ਎♿એ㒠ߩࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߩᢇ⽺ผߦ ߟ޿ߡ᭎⺑ߒ㧘ߥ߆ߢ߽㧘17 ਎♿ೋ㗡ߩࠛ࡝ࠩࡌࠬᦼએ㒠ߦ⽺᳃ᢇᷣߩᨒ⚵ߺ߇ቯ⌕ߒߚ ࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߩᢎ඙ᢇ⽺㒮ߦ․ߦ⌕⋡ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔Works Ϋ㧘286́294㧕㧚ߘߒߡߘߩㆇ ༡ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ᢎ඙㐳ߦࠃࠆ▵⚂ߦၮߠߊ ๮ߥⴕ޿ࠍ㜞ߊ⹏ଔߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚㧔㧞㧕ᢇ⽺ᴺߦߟ ޿ߡ㧚ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߪ㧘1579 ᐕߩࠛ࡝ࠩࡌࠬᢇ⽺ᴺ߇ߘߩᓟߩᢇ⽺೙ᐲࠍၮ␆ߠߌߚὐߢ 㜞ߊ⹏ଔߒߚ߶߆㧘1698 ᐕߩᢇ⽺ᴺߪ㧘ޟ਼㘩ߩᛥ࿶ߣ⽺᳃ߩ଻⼔߅ࠃ߮㓹↪ޠߦ߅޿ߡ߈ ࠊ߼ߡ㊀ⷐߥᴺᓞߛߣㅀߴࠆ㧚ᓐߦࠃࠇ߫㧘หᴺᓞ߇ߘߩᓟᑄᱛߐࠇߡ߽㧘หᢇ⽺ᴺߦࠃ ࠆ⽺᳃ᢇᷣߩᴺ⊛ℂᔨߪ 18 ਎♿ࠍㅢߓߡሽ⛯ߒ⛯ߌߚ㧚1744 ᐕߣ 1757 ᐕߩᢇ⽺ᴺࠍෳ⠨ ߦߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߩᦨ㜞ⵙ್ᚲߪ㧘⽺᳃ᢇᷣߦኻߒߡ㊀ⷐߥᮭ㒢ࠍ᦭ߔࠆߣߣ ߽ߦᢇ⽺ᴺߩ೙ቯߦ߅޿ߡ⾫᣿ߦዧജߒߡ߈ߚߣ⠨߃ࠆ㧚ᓐߪㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ㧚ޟߛ߇㧘ࠬࠦ࠶ ࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߦ߅޿ߡ⽺᳃߇ᢇᷣࠍฃߌࠆᴺ⊛⺧᳞ᮭࠍ଻ᜬߒߡ޿ࠆߩߪ㧘ࠊ߇࿖ߩᦨ㜞ⵙ್ ᚲߩᐞᐲ߽ߩ᳿ቯߦࠃߞߡ⇼໧ߩ૛࿾ߥߊቯ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ৻ߟߩේℂߥߩߢ޽ࠆޠ㧔Wor ks Ϋ㧘294㧕㧚ߘߒߡ㧘ࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߩᦨ㜞ⵙ್ᚲߦࠃࠆ⽺᳃ᢇᷣߦኻߔࠆߎߩޟේℂޠߪ ߥ߅଻ᜬߒ⛯ߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߣߐࠇࠆ㧚଀߃߫ 1804 ᐕߩᢇ⽺ᴺߪ㧘㘩♳ߩ㜞ଔᩰߦࠃߞߡ⥄ ᵴߢ߈ߥ޿⁁ᘒߦ޽ࠆੱޘߦኻߒߡᢇᷣ⾗ᩰࠍਈ߃ߚὐߢ㜞ߊ⹏ଔߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚 ߎࠇࠄߩὐ߆ࠄ㧘ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߪ㧘ࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߩᢎ඙ᢇ⽺㒮ߣᢇ⽺ᴺߦ㑐ߒߡ㧘⽺ ᳃ߩ↢ሽ⛽ᜬߦ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ߈ߚߣߣ߽ߦ㧘ᢇᷣ૕♽ߩ♖ኒൻߦ߅޿ߡ 19 ਎♿ೋ 㗡ߦ߹ߢᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߒߡ߈ߚߣ⠨߃ࠆ㧚ߎߎߢ㊀ⷐߛߣᕁࠊࠇࠆߩߪ㧘ᓐ߇ߎࠇࠄߩ⽺᳃ ᢇᷣࠍ․೎ߦ⒓߃ߡ޿ࠆߩߦߪ㧘਄ㅀߒߚޟ⛔೙⊛Ꮢ႐ޠߩਅߢߩ␠ળ⊛⟵ോ߇ᨐߚߐࠇ ߥ߆ߞߚ႐วߦ㘩♳᥸േ߇ᒁ߈⿠ߎߐࠇࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚ߆ࠄߎߘ㧘⽺᳃ߩ↢ሽࠍ቞ࠆߚ߼ ߩ␠ળ⊛ⷙ▸ߣ⟵ോߣߒߡߎࠇࠄߩ⽺᳃ᢇᷣߦⓍᭂ⊛ߥᗧ⟵ࠍਈ߃ࠃ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߢ ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩౝኈ߆ࠄ㧘ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߪ㧘ࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߩ㐳޿⽺᳃ᢇᷣߣવ⛔ߦᩮߑ ߒߚㆇേࠍ޿ࠊ߫ᮭ೑⺰⊛ߦᛠីߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘㘩♳ਇ⿷ᤨߦ஻߃ࠆߚ߼ߩ౏౒ߩⓃ

2 ࡐ࡜ࡦ࠾࡯㧔1957, 63́71㧘㇌⸶㧘84́95㧕ߦࠃࠇ߫㧘ޟ⛔೙⊛Ꮢ႐ޠߣߪ㧘㕖┹੎⊛ߥޟ⛔೙ߣ޿߁વ ⛔⊛․ᓽޠࠍᜬߜ㧘ߘߎߢߪ⽺᳃ߦኻߔࠆ㘩♳ଏ⛎߇ᒰὼߩ⟵ോߣߐࠇ㧘⽺᳃ߩ↢ሽࠍ቞ࠆߎߣ߇␠ળ⊛ ⟵ോߢ޽ࠆߣߔࠆᏒ႐ขᒁߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧚଀߃߫㧘Ⓝ‛ขᒁߪ㧘౏㐿ߩ႐ߢᩱၭ⠪߆ࠄᶖ⾌⠪ߦ⋥ធߦߥ ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣߐࠇ㧘ᓐࠄߩ㑆ߦ౉ࠅㄟ߻ਛ㑆໡ੱߪឃ㒰ߩኻ⽎ߣߐࠇߚ㧚ߎ߁ߒߚⷙ▸ߪ㧘ਛ਎ߩ ᤨઍ߆ࠄ߅ࠃߘ 18 ਎♿ᧃߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢ㐳ߊ଻ᜬߒ⛯ߌߡ߈ߚߣߐࠇࠆ㧚 3 ߚߛߒ㧘ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߪ㧘᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇࠍኻ┙⊛ߦᝒ߃ߥ߆ߞߚὐߢ㧘E.P.࠻ࡓࠬࡦ߇ਥᒛߔࠆࡕ࡜࡞࡮ࠛ ࠦࡁࡒ࡯ߩ┙႐ߦߪ┙ߞߡ޿ߥ޿㧚E.P.࠻ࡓࠬࡦߩࡕ࡜࡞࡮ࠛࠦࡁࡒ࡯⺰ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘㖸ή㧔1998㧕ࠍෳ ᾖ㧚

－14－ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第一会場

‛ୖᐶߩ⸳⟎ࠍᔅⷐਇนᰳߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚

Υ⽺࿎⹺⼂ߩᄌൻߣ⽺࿎ኻ╷

18 ਎♿ᧃߦ߅ߌࠆỗߒ޿ᢇ⽺⺰੎߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ߚਛߢ㧘ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߪ㧘એਅߩℂ↱߆ ࠄ೨▵ߢ⷗ߚࠃ߁ߥࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߩ⽺᳃ᢇᷣ߇߽ߪ߿ሽ⛯ߒ߃ߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ߑࠆࠍ߃ߥߊ ߥߞߚ㧚╙㧝ߦ㧘ᢇ⽺ᴺߦߟ޿ߡ㧚ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߪ㧘ࡂ࠙࡟࠶࠻ߩޡ⻉ේ࿃ߩਇචಽߐޢ㧔1788㧕 ߿ࠗ࡯࠺ࡦߩޡ⽺᳃ߩ⁁ᘒޢ㧔1797㧕ߦଐ᜚ߒߡ㧘ࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߦ㒢ࠄߕࡈ࡜ࡦࠬߦ߅޿ ߡ߽ᢇ⽺⒢߇⺖ߖࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߣߎࠈߢߪ㧘⽺᳃ࠍ߹ߔ߹ߔჇടߐߖ㧘㘩♳ଔᩰߩ㜞㛛ࠍ᜗ ޿ߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߘ߁ߒߚⷰὐ߆ࠄ㧘᷷ᖱਥ⟵⊛ߥ⽺᳃ᢇᷣߦߪᛕ್⊛ߥ┙ ႐ߦ┙ߜ㧘ࡑ࡞ࠨࠬߩޡੱญ⺰ޢ╙㧞 ࠍขࠅ਄ߍ㧘ߘߩਛߢㅀߴࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆᢇ⽺ᴺߩẋ ᰴ⊛᠗ᑄߩឭ᩺ߦหᗧߒߚ㧔Works Ϋ㧘273́286㧕㧚 ╙㧞ߦ㧘ᢇ⽺㒮ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ㧘ߣࠅࠊߌޟᘏༀᢇ⽺㒮㧔Charity workhouses㧕ޠ߇໧㗴ߦߐ ࠇࠆ㧚ᓐߪ㧘ᢎ඙ᢇ⽺㒮ߢ⷗ࠄࠇߚੱ㆏ਥ⟵⊛ᢇᷣߣߪᄢ޿ߦ⇣ߥࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡ㧘ᘏༀᢇ ⽺㒮ߩഠᖡߥഭ௛ⅣႺߢ௛߆ߐࠇࠆ⽺᳃ߩ⁁ᘒࠍ․ߦᷓೞߥ໧㗴ߛߣߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔Works Ϋ㧘 302́305㧕㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ᘏༀᢇ⽺㒮ߦ߆ࠎߒߡනߦ㆏ᓼ⊛ߥ⷗࿾߆ࠄᛕ್ߒߡ޿ࠆߛߌߢߪߥ ߆ߞߚ㧚ߘߩޟ⛽ᜬ⾌↪ޠ߇ᢇ⽺⒢ߛߌߢߪߘߩㆇ༡⾌ో૕ࠍ⵬޿߈ࠇߥ޿߶ߤߩㆊ㊀ߥ ⽶ᜂߣߥߞߡ㧘ᘏༀᢇ⽺㒮߇ޟ㐳ᦼ⊛ߦㆇ༡ߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߪਇน⢻ޠߛߞߚ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ᓐߪ㧘ᢇ⽺ᴺߣᘏༀᢇ⽺㒮ߦࠃࠆᓥ᧪ߩᢇᷣᣇᴺ߇ഭ௛ⅣႺߩᖡൻߣ࿖ౝ⽷᡽ߩ⽶ᜂߦ㑐 ࠊࠆ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍᒝߊ⹺⼂ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ߘࠇࠄߦઍࠊࠆᣂߚߥᢇ⽺ኻ╷ߩᔅⷐ ࠍ⏕ାߔࠆߦ⥋ߞߚ㧚 ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߩ⽺᳃ᢇᷣ⺰ߩ኿⒟ߪ㧘ࠬࡒࠬޡ࿖ን⺰ޢ╙㧠✬╙㧡┨ޟᅑബ㊄ߦߟ޿ߡޠ ߩၮᧄ⹺⼂ߦ┙ߞߡ㧘Ⓝ‛ขᒁࠍ⛔೙ਅߦ⟎ߊ㊀໡ਥ⟵᡽╷߳ߩᛕ್ߦ߽෸ࠎߢ޿ࠆ㧚ߒ ߆ߒ㧘ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߪ㧘⥄↱⾏ᤃߩ⏕┙ߣ㐳ᦼ⊛ߥ⚻ᷣ⊒ዷߦࠃߞߡ㧘ഭ௛⠪৻⥸ߩ⽺࿎ ⁁ᘒࠍᡷༀߒ߁ࠆߣߪᔅߕߒ߽ᭉⷰߒߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ㧚଀߃߫㧘ಽᬺߩᑷኂߦߟ޿ߡᓐߪᷓ ೞߦฃߌᱛ߼ߡ޿ࠆ㧚ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߩಽᬺ⺰ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᓐߩ㆏ᓼືቇߦ߅ߌࠆㅴᱠߩᒝ ⺞ߦၮߠߊᯏ᪾⾥⟤ߩᕁᗐ 4߇㧘ಽᬺߩᑷኂߦߟ޿ߡ㐳ᦼ⊛ߦߪޟ⥄Ꮖᤚᱜޠ߳ߣዉ߮ߊߣ ߒ㧘ᓐߩᭉⷰᕈࠍᒝ⺞ߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ⸃㉼߇ߎࠇ߹ߢᄙ߆ߞߚࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ᓐ ߪߎ߁ߒߚⷰὐ߆ࠄಽᬺߩലᨐࠍᒝ⺞ߔࠆ৻ᣇߢ㧘ಽᬺߩᑷኂߩᡷༀ╷ߣߒߡޟ࿖᳃ߩᢎ ⢒೙ᐲ㧔a system of national instruction㧕ߩ⏕┙ޠ߇ᔅⷐߛߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚ㧚 ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߪ㧘⽺࿎໧㗴ߩ߁ߜߢ㧘ήᴺߢή⒎ᐨߥਅߢᖤᗌߥഭ௛ⅣႺߦ⟎߆ࠇߡ޿ ߚᎿ႐ഭ௛⠪ߩ⁁ᘒࠍ߽ߞߣ߽ᷓೞߥ߽ߩߣߒߡฃߌᱛ߼ߡ޿ࠆ㧚․ߦ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩᤨᦼߦ ߆ߌߡ↢ߓߚᧁ✎Ꮏ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᢎ඙ᓤᒉߩ㓸࿅⊛㓹↪ߦࠃߞߡᒁ߈⿠ߎߐࠇߚᐜ޿ఽ┬ߩ Ꮏ႐ౝߢߩㆊ㊀ഭ௛ࠍ໧㗴ߦߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚18 ਎♿ᧃએ㒠ߩࡉ࡝࠹ࡦߢߪ㧘ఽ┬ഭ௛ߩᒝൻߪ㧘

4 ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߩ㆏ᓼືቇߦ߅ߌࠆㅴᱠ⊛ߥᕁᗐߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘㧔Stewart 1792㧘228́251㧕ࠍෳᾖ㧚

－15－ ഭ௛ߩኾ㐷ൻ㧘⚻ᷣ⊛ᓎഀߩಽൻߩჇᄢ㧘ߥࠄ߮ߦੱ㆏ਥ⟵ߩ⸃૕ߦࠃߞߡ᛼ߒㅴ߼ࠄࠇ ߚ㧚Ꮏ႐೙ᐲߪ㧘ኅౝᎿᬺ೙ᐲ߇߽ߞߡ޿ߚኅᐸߦࠃࠆઍఘᯏ⢻ࠍ߹ߞߚߊ߽ߚߥ޿⁁ᴫ ਅߢ㧘ߘߩᦨᖡߩ⻉․ᓽࠍᒁ߈⛮޿ߢ޿ߚ㧔Thompson 1963㧘333́340㧘㇌⸶ 㧘398́406 㗁㧕㧚ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߪ㧘ఽ┬ߩ㐳ᤨ㑆ഭ௛㧘⁜޿ቶౝߢߩᴤߥߤ߆ࠄ⊒ߖࠄࠇࠆ᦭Ქࠟࠬߩ ๆᒁ㧘વᨴ∛ߥࠄ߮ߦㆊഭᱫߦߟ޿ߡ⹦⚦ߦ⸥ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߘ߁ߒߚ⢛᥊ߩਛߢ㧘ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ ࡯࠻ߪ㧘Ꮏ႐ഭ௛ߩᑷኂߩᡷༀߦദ߼ߚ࠾ࡘ࡯࡜࠽࡯ࠢߦ߅ߌࠆ࠺ࡧࠖ࠶࠼࡮࠺ࠗ࡞ߩᧁ ✎Ꮏ႐߇ఝࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍᜰ៰ߒߚ߶߆㧘ᄢㇺᏒࠍਛᔃߦỗჇߒޟ᡼⭡ߥ㆏ᓼᔃޠࠍ߽ߞ ߚޟቅఽߣᭂ⽺ߩሶଏߚߜޠࠍ଻⼔ߔࠆߚ߼ߩޟቅఽ㒮ޠߩ⸳┙ߩᔅⷐࠍਥᒛߒߚ㧚ߎࠇ ߪ㧘ޟᑷኂ߇ᣣޘㅴⴕߒߡ޿ࠆᕆㅦߥ⊒ዷߪ㧘૗ࠄ߆ߩහലᕈߩ޽ࠆᢇᷣ㧔some immediate remedy㧕ߩㆡ↪ࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆޠ㧔Wor ks Ϋ㧘273㧕ߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘 ᓐ߇㧘⍴ᦼߩ໧㗴ߣߒߡ࿎┆⠪ߩჇടߦኻߔࠆኻ╷߇ᕆോߛߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚ߆ࠄߦ߶߆ߥࠄ ߥ޿㧚Ⓝ‛ਇ⿷ᤨߩኻ╷ߣߒߡ㧘ࡄࡦߦઍࠊࠆࠫࡖࠟࠗࡕߩ࿖ౝ↢↥ߩ᜛ᄢߣ☨ߩᄢ㊂߆ ߟቯᦼ⊛ߥャ౉߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߣᓐ߇ਥᒛߒߚ㧔Works Ϋ㧘141́145㧘319́321㧕ߩ߽㧘 ᄤ୥ߦࠃߞߡ↢↥߇Ꮐฝߐࠇᤃ޿ዊ㤈ߦߩߺਥ㘩ߣߒߡଐሽߔࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ⣕ළߔࠆ✕ᕆߩ ᔅⷐࠍᒝ⺞ߔࠆߚ߼ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ߐࠄߦᓐߪߘࠇࠄߦട߃ߡਥߣߒߡᰴߩ㧟ߟߩ⽺࿎ኻ╷ࠍ ឭ໒ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚 ╙㧝ߦ㧘ਅጀ㓏⚖ߩ⽷↥ᚲ᦭ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߎߢᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆߩߪ㧘ਅጀ㓏⚖ߩ⽷↥ᚲ᦭ߦߟ ޿ߡࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻߇ޟዋߒ߫߆ࠅߩޠߣ㒢ቯߒߡ޿ࠆὐߢ޽ࠆ㧚ޟዋߒ߫߆ࠅߩ⽷↥ᚲ᦭ޠ ߪ㧘ᓐࠄ߇ޟ▵⚂ᔃޠ߿ޟ⥄೙ޠߩ⠌ᘠࠍりߦߟߌࠆ਄ߢ․ߦ㊀ⷐߛߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ㧚ߘߩ ౕ૕⊛ߥኻ╷ߣߒߡ㧘ࡑ࡞ࠨࠬ߇ޡੱญ⺰ޢ╙㧞 ߢ⺰ߓߚޟ࿾ᣇ㌁ⴕޠߣ࠙ࠖ࠶࠻ࡉ࡟ ࠶࠼߇ޡᢇ⽺ᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆṶ⺑ޢ㧔1807㧕ߩਛߢឭ໒ߒߚޟ࿖᳃㌁ⴕޠ߇޽ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ࠬ ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߦࠃࠇ߫㧘ߘࠇࠄߩ㌁ⴕߪ㧘ޟᏗᦸߣᄢᔒޠࠍ⽺᳃ߦਈ߃ࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡޟᓐࠄ ߩൕഭ߅ࠃ߮ඬߒ޿⡯ᬺࠍᵴ᳇ߠߌࠆޠ೑ὐࠍ߽ߟ㧚⽺᳃ߪ㧘ߘࠇࠄߩ㌁ⴕࠍ೑↪ߔࠆߎ ߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘⽷↥ᚲ᦭ߩ᦭ήࠍᗧ⼂ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ㧘ޟ↢ᵴᡷༀ㗿ᦸޠࠍᛴ߈㧘ޟൕഭᗧ᰼ޠ ࠍ߽ߟࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ╙㧞ߦ㧘⋙ₐࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩᡷༀߢ޽ࠆ㧚1790 ᐕએ㒠ߩࡉ࡝࠹ࡦߢߪ㧘Ვੱ߿⽷↥ߩଚ‽ⴕ ὑ߇ᄙ⊒ߒߡ޿ߚ㧚ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߪ㧘ޡ⻠⟵ޢߩਛߢਅጀ㓏⚖ߦࠃࠆૐଔᩰߩࠕ࡞ࠦ࡯࡞㘶 ᢱߩ᥸㘶ߣ㈻㈦߆ࠄ↢ߓࠆࠕ࡞ࠦ࡯࡞ਛᲥߦࠃࠆ‽⟋ࠍ․ߦ໧㗴ߦߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔Works Ϊ㧘 313́318㧕㧚ᓐߦߣߞߡ㧘⋙ₐߪ㧘ߎ߁ߒߚ‽⟋ߩᛥ೙ߦലജࠍ߽ߟߛߌߢߥߊ㧘⽺᳃ߩᦝ ↢߿㆏ᓼ⊛ᡷༀࠍଦߔ਄ߢ߽㊀ⷐߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ᓐߪ㧘ࡌࡦࠨࡓߩࡄࡁࡊ࠹ࠖࠦࡦߦ․ߦᵈ⋡ ߒ㧘㕖ੱ㆏⊛ߢᙼ⟏⊛ߥ⋙ₐߢߪߥߊᢎ⢒⊛ⷐ⚛ࠍ౗ߨ஻߃ߚ⋙ₐߩᡷༀࠍផᅑߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚 ╙㧟ߦ⾓㊄᡽╷ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߪ㧘ਅጀ㓏⚖ߦኻߔࠆ㜞⾓㊄ߪᕃᗍࠍ߽ߚࠄߒᓐ ࠄߩൕഭᗧ᰼ࠍ༚ᄬߔࠆߣߒ㧘ㅒߦ㧘ᓐࠄߦኻߔࠆૐ⾓㊄ߪ㧘↢ሽߦ⠴߃߁ࠆ߉ࠅ߉ࠅߩ 㗵ߒ߆ਈ߃ࠄࠇߥ޿ߚ߼㧘ᓐࠄߩൕഭᗧ᰼ࠍೝỗߐߖߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ߚ㧚ߘߎߢᓐߪ㧘޿ߕࠇ ߩ┙႐ߦ߽ਈߖߕૐ⾓㊄ߩᗧ๧ࠍ᜛ᄢ࡮ᷓൻߐߖ㧘↢ᵴᡷༀߣ㆏ᓼ⊛ᡷༀࠍଦߔߚ߼ߩ㧔ૐ㧕 ⾓㊄ߩẋᰴ⊛਄᣹ࠍ᭴ᗐߒߚ㧚

－16－ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第一会場

ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߪ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩ㧟ߟߩ⽺࿎ኻ╷ࠍ⽷᡽໧㗴ߣ㑐ࠄߖߥ߇ࠄ߽㧘⽺᳃ߩ⥄┙ߣ ൕഭᗧ᰼ߩะ਄ࠍᗧ࿑ߒߚᢇ⽺᡽╷ࠍឭ໒ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚

Φ⚿߮ߦ߆߃ߡ㧦ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇߩᗧ⟵

ᧄ⺰ߢߪ㧘18 ਎♿ᧃએ㒠ߩ⽺࿎໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߩᢇ⽺ᕁᗐߦὶὐࠍᒰߡ㧘 㐳޿વ⛔߆ࠄߥࠆࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߩᢇᷣࡕ࠺࡞߳ߩᓐߩ⒓⾥߆ࠄ㧘᷷ᖱਥ⟵⊛ߥ⽺᳃ᢇᷣ ߦኻߔࠆᛕ್ߣ⽺࿎᡽╷ߩឭ໒߳ߣ⥋ࠆࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍਛᔃߦᬌ⸛ߒߚ㧚ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߪ㧘৻ ᣇߢߪࠬࡒࠬޡ࿖ን⺰ޢߩᏒ႐⚻ᷣ⺰ࠍ⛮ᛚߒߟߟ㧘ઁᣇߢߪ޿ࠊ߫⍴ᦼ⊛ߥⷞὐߦၮߠ ߊ⻉໧㗴ߩ⸃᳿ࠍ㊀ⷞߒߚ㧚ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߩ⍴ᦼߩⷞὐߪ㧘Ⓝ‛ୖᐶߩ⸳⟎ࠍᆎ߼ߣߔࠆ ⽺࿎ኻ╷ߦะߌࠄࠇߚ㧚ᓐߦࠃࠆߘࠇࠄߩឭ໒ߪ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩᤨᦼߦ߆ߌߡ↢ߓߚ⽺࿎໧㗴 ࠍ⢛᥊ߦߒߡ㧘㐳ᦼߩⷞὐߦၮߠߊࠬࡒࠬ⥄↱⾏ᤃ⺰ߩୃᱜࠍᗧ๧ߒߡ޿ߚߣ޿߃ࠃ߁㧚 ߎߎߢ⏕⹺ߒߡ߅߈ߚ޿ߎߣߪ㧞ߟ޽ࠆ㧚╙㧝ߦ㧘ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߪ㧘⽺࿎ߩේ࿃ࠍ 1790 ᐕઍߩᢿ⛯⊛ߥರ૞ߦࠃࠆⓃ‛ଔᩰߩ㜞㛛ߛߌߦ㒢ቯߒߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ߔߥࠊߜ㧘ᓐߦߣߞߡ㧘Ⓝ‛ߩ㛛⾆ߦኻߒߡ㧘ㄘᎿᬺߩ↢↥ജߩ᜛ᄢߣಽᬺߩ᜛ᄢࠍㅢߓ ߚ࿖㓙Ꮢ႐ߩ⥄↱⾏ᤃ૕೙ߩᒻᚑߦࠃࠆ⚻ᷣቇ⊛⸃᳿ߛߌ߇⽺࿎ߩ໑৻ߩ⸃᳿╷ߣߪߐࠇ ߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ㧚਄ㅀߒߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᓐߪ㧘✕ᕆᤨߩኻ╷ߣߒߡߎࠇࠄߩ㐳ᦼ⊛ⷞὐ߆ࠄߛߌ ߢߪ⸃᳿ߒ߃ߥ޿⽺࿎ኻ╷߇ᔅⷐߛߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚ㧚 ╙㧞ߦ㧘ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߩ⽺࿎ኻ╷߇㧘ߘߩ޿ߕࠇߦ߅޿ߡ߽ࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߩᢇᷣࡕ࠺ ࡞ࠍၮ␆ߦߒߡ޿ߚὐߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᓐߪ㧘ࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߩᢎ඙ᢇ⽺㒮߿ᢇ⽺ᴺ߇ 18 ਎♿ᧃߩ ⽺࿎໧㗴ߦ⋥㕙ߒߎࠇએ਄ሽ⛯ߒ߃ߥ޿ߎߣࠍ⹺⼂ߒߚ߇㧘ߘߩᢇᷣℂᔨ߹ߢࠍุ߽ቯߒ ߡߪ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ㧚଀߃߫㧘⽺᳃ߩޟዋߒ߫߆ࠅߩ⽷↥ᚲ᦭ޠߩ᡽╷ߣ⁛⥄ߩૐ⾓㊄⺰ߦߪ㧘 ᢎ඙ᢇ⽺㒮ߦ⷗ࠄࠇߚ୿⚂ߩ⟤ᓼߣൕഭᗧ᰼ߩะ਄㊀ⷞߩ⠨߃߇ᓐߩᢇ⽺ᕁᗐߦᷓߊᩮߠ ޿ߡ޿ߚ㧚 ߎࠇࠄߩὐ߆ࠄ㧘ࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆવ⛔⊛ߥ␠ળ⠌ᘠߣߩᷓ޿㑐ㅪߩ߽ߣߦ⽺࿎ ໧㗴ߣᏒ႐⚻ᷣ߇ᝒ߹߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚὐߦ㧘ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐߩ⁛⥄ᕈ߇޽ߞߚߣ޿ ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚 ᦨᓟߦ㧘19 ਎♿ೋ㗡ߩࡉ࡝࠹ࡦߦ߅ߌࠆࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇߩ߽ߟᗧ⟵ߦߟ޿ߡ⸅ ࠇߡ߅߈ߚ޿㧚ࠊࠇࠊࠇߪ㧘߹ߕᓐ߇᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇߦߟ޿ߡ޿߆ߥࠆࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࠍ߽ߞߡ޿ߚ ߆ࠍ⍮ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ㧚ޡ⻠⟵ޢߩਛߢ㧘ޟ⑳ߪ㧘޿߆ߥࠆ․ቯߩ૕♽ࠍ⏕┙ߔࠆߎߣࠃࠅ߽㧘 ⻉ำߩ⠨ኤߦᓎ┙ߟߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ⠨߃㧔ideas㧕ࠍᲤ࿁ឭ␜ߒߚ޿߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޠ㧔Works Ϊ㧘 151㧕ߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߪ㧘᛽⽎⊛ߥේℂߦ․ൻߒߚ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇࠍߪߓ߼ ߆ࠄ⻠⟵ߔࠆ⸘↹ࠍ߽ߞߡ߅ࠄߕ㧘⃻ታߦᔕ↪น⢻ߥᐢ޿ᗧ๧ߢߩ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇࠍቇ↢ߦᢎ ߃ࠆߎߣࠍᗧ࿑ߒߡ޿ߚ㧚ޡ⻠⟵ޢ╙㧟✬ޟ⽺᳃ߦߟ޿ߡޠߩᧃየߢߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߦㅀߴߡ޿ ࠆ㧚ޟ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄߓࠀ߁ߢ᜛ᄢߒߡ޿ࠆ਼㘩㧘⽺࿎㧘᡼⭡ߩේ࿃߇૗ߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠍ⓭߈ߣ߼ࠆ ޔޔޔޔޔޔޔޔޔޔޔޔޔޔޔޔޔޔޔޔޔ ߎߣߦ߆ࠎߒߡ㧘᏷ᐢ޿ಽ㊁ߩ⠨ኤ߇߹ߛචಽߦߥߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿㧚ߎࠇࠄߩᑷኂߪ㧘┙ᴺ

－17－ ߩᢇᷣߩ૛࿾߇ߤࠇ߶ߤ޽ࠆߩߛࠈ߁߆㧚ߎࠇࠄߩ໧޿ߪ㧘ታ㓙ߦߪ㧘᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇ㧔Political Economy㧕ߩ޽ࠄࠁࠆ߽ߞߣ߽㊀ⷐߥ⻉⠨ኤࠍ฽ࠎߢ޿ࠆߣ޿߃ࠃ߁㧚̖̖⑳߇ߎࠇ߹ߢ ᛬ߦ⸅ࠇߡㅀߴߡ߈ߚߘߩ⻉ේℂ㨇ੱญ㧘࿖ን㧘⽺᳃ߩ଻⼔ߦߟ޿ߡߩਥ㗴㨉߇ᱜߒߊ⠨ ኤߐࠇࠆߥࠄ߫㧘ߘࠇࠄ߇ᔅὼ⊛ߦ⥋ࠆ⚿⺰ߦߟ޿ߡ߶ߣࠎߤ⇼޿ߩ૛࿾ߪߥ޿ߛࠈ߁ޠ 㧔Works Ϋ㧘325㧘றὐߪ╩⠪㧕㧚 ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߪ㧘ߎߩ▎ᚲߢߪ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇߩ▸࿐ߩਛߦᢎ⢒ࠍ޽ߍߡ޿ߥ޿߇㧘᡽ᴦ⚻ ᷣቇ߇ᛒ߁ߴ߈࠹࡯ࡑߣߒߡੱญ࡮࿖ን࡮⽺᳃ᢇᷣߦട߃ߡᢎ⢒ࠍ߽ขࠅ౉ࠇߚ㧚ߘࠇߪ㧘 ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻߇ 18 ਎♿ᧃએ㒠ߩᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟ߩㅴⴕߦᵈᗧࠍᛄߞߡ޿ߚ߆ࠄߦ߶߆ߥࠄߥ޿㧚 ޡ⻠⟵ޢߩ╙㧠✬ޟਅጀ㓏⚖ߩᢎ⢒ߦߟ޿ߡޠߢߪ㧘᰷☨ߩᢎ⢒೙ᐲࠍෳ⠨ߦߒߡ㧘ਥߣ ߒߡ㧔㧝㧕ਅጀ㓏⚖ߩၮ␆ᢎ⢒㧔⺒ߺ࡮ᦠ߈࡮▚ⴚ㧕㧘㧔áōâ㧞 㧕቟ଔߥ߽ߒߊߪήᢱᢎ⢒ߩឭ ଏ㧘㧔㧟㧕ᅑቇ㊄೙ᐲߩ⏕┙ߣ࿑ᦠ㙚ߩ⸳┙㧘㧔㧠㧕਄ጀ㓏⚖ߩᢎ⢒㧔ᱧผ㧘࿾ℂ㧘▚ⴚ㧘 ⧷⺆㧘⁛⺆㧘੽⺆㧕ߩᔅⷐ߇ਥᒛߐࠇࠆ㧚 ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߩ⽺᳃ᢇᷣ⺰ߦ߅޿ߡᢎ⢒߇㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᜂࠊߐࠇߡ޿ߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᓐߦߣ ߞߡ㧘ᢎ⢒ߪ㧘ੱޘߩ⍮⊛㆏ᓼ⊛ᡷༀࠍଦㅴߔࠆߛߌߢߥߊ㧘ᓐࠄߩഭ௛߳ߩേᯏߠߌߣ ൕഭᗧ᰼ࠍ㜞߼ࠆ਄ߢ߽᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇߦᔅⷐߥⷐ⚛ߢ޽ߞߚߣ޿߃ࠆ㧚ߎߩᒰᤨߦ߅޿ߡ㧘 ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇߣ޿߁↪⺆ߘࠇ⥄૕߇ੱޘߦᶐㅘߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߛߌߢߥߊ㧘߹ߛቇߣߒߡߩ᡽ᴦ ⚻ᷣቇ߇⏕┙ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ਛߢ㧘ࠬ࠴ࡘࠕ࡯࠻߇㧘18 ਎♿ᧃએ㒠ߩ⽺࿎໧㗴ߣᢎ⢒ߦ⌕⋡ ߒ㧘ߘࠇࠄࠍ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇߩᣇᴺߣߒߡ߽ߞߣ߽ᣧ޿ᤨᦼߦขࠅㄟࠎߛὐߦߎߘ㧘ᓐߩ᡽ᴦ ⚻ᷣቇߩᗧ⟵߇⷗಴ߐࠇࠆߩߢߪߥ޿ߛࠈ߁߆㧚

ෳ⠨ᢥ₂

Polanyi, K.㧔1957㧕The Great Transformation : The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time, repr.

Boston, Beacon Press. ศᴛ⧷ᚑ࡮㊁ญᑪᒾ࡮㐳የผ㇢࡮᧖᧛⧐⟤⸶ޡᄢォ឵̆̆Ꮢ႐␠ળߩᒻᚑ

ߣ፣უ̆̆ޢ᧲ᵗ⚻ᷣᣂႎ␠㧘1975 ᐕ㧚

Stewart, D.㨇1792㨉㧔1994㧕Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind, in The Collected Works, XI

vols. (1854́1860), ed., Sir W. Hamilton, vol.Τ, Edinburgh, Thomas Constable / London, A. Hamilton ; repr. Bristol, Thoemmes Press.

̆̆̆̆㨇1800́1810㨉㧔1994㧕 Lectures on Political Economy, in The Collected Works, XI vols. (1854

́1860), ed., Sir W. Hamilton, vols.Ϊ́Ϋ, Edinburgh, Thomas Constable / London, A. Hamilton ; repr. Bristol, Thoemmes Press.

㖸ήㅢብ (1998) ޟࡕ࡜࡞࡮ࠛࠦࡁࡒ࡯ߣࡐ࡝࠹ࠖࠞ࡞࡮ࠛࠦࡁࡒ࡯ޠޡ⚻ᷣቇผቇળᐕႎޢ╙ 36 ภ, 10

᦬㧚

 ̪ෳ⠨ᢥ₂⴫ߪႎ๔ᒰᣣߦ㈩Ꮣ⥌ߒ߹ߔ㧚

－18－ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第一会場

࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦޟ໪⫥ߣ⚻ᷣቇߩᒻᚑ̆ࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞ߥⷞὐ߆ࠄޠ㧦⿰ᣦ⺑᣿ ⚵❱⠪࡮↰ਛ⑲ᄦ㧔੩ㇺᄢቇ⚻ᷣቇ⎇ⓥ⑼㧕

 ᚒ߇࿖ߩ⚻ᷣቇผ⎇ⓥߪᣂߒ޿ᤨઍߦὶὐ߇⒖ߞߡਭߒ޿ᗵ߇޽ࠅޔฎౖᵷ⚻ᷣቇߣߘ ߩ๟ㄝߩ⎇ⓥ߇ޔૐ⺞ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆㧫 ⧯޿⎇ⓥ⠪߽චಽߦ⢒ߞߡ޿ߥ޿ߩߢ ߪߥ޿߆㧫 ߛߣߔࠇ߫ޔߘࠇߪ߹ߕ޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ޿߁᳇ᜬߜ߽޽ߞߡ౒ห⎇ⓥࠍ⚵❱ ߒߡ߈ߚޕߘߩਥ㗴ߪޟ໪⫥ߣ⚻ᷣቇޠߩ㑐ଥߢ޽ࠆޕ⧷⺆࿤ߦ㒢ቯߒߡਃᐕ㑆ⴕߥ޿ޔ ߘߩᚑᨐߪޡ໪⫥ߩࠛࡇࠬ࠹࡯ࡔ࡯ߣ⚻ᷣቇߩ↢⺀ޢ㧔੩ㇺᄢቇቇⴚ಴ ળޔ2008 ᐕ 11 ᦬㧕 ߣ㗴ߔࠆᦠ‛ߦ߹ߣ߼ߚޕ⛯޿ߡⷞ㊁ࠍᐢߍߡޟࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞ߥⷞὐ߆ࠄޠߣߒߡޟ໪⫥ߣ ⚻ᷣቇޠߩ㑐ଥࠍขࠅ਄ߍߡޔ౒ห⎇ⓥࠍߐࠄߦਃᐕ㑆ⴕߥߞߚޕ੹ᐕߩ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߪਃ ࿁⋡ߩ⊒⴫ߢ޽ࠅޔਃᐕ㑆ߩ⎇ⓥߩో૕ߩ✚᜝ࠍⴕߥ߁ᯏળߢ߽޽ࠆޕ  ੹࿁ߪޔ໪⫥ߩ⍮⊛વ⛔ࠍⷞ㊁ߦ⟎޿ߚ߁߃ߢޔࠕ࠳ࡓ࡮ࠬࡒࠬߩ⚻ᷣቇࠍಽᬺ⺰ߦജ ὐࠍ⟎޿ߡ⺒ߺ⺑ߊޔᷰㄝᕺ৻᳁ߩᣂ⸃㉼ߣޔᣣᧄߩ໪⫥ᕁᗐߩౖဳࠍ⑔Ỉ⻀ศߦ⷗ࠆ↢ ⿧೑ᤘ᳁ߩ㊀ෘߥಽᨆޔߘߒߡ⚵❱⠪ߩޟ໪⫥ߩ⚻ᷣቇޠࠍᕁᗐผߩᐢ޿ᢥ⣂ߦ૏⟎ߠߌ ࠆ⹜ߺߣ޿߁ਃᧄߩႎ๔ࠍ↪ᗧߒߚޕมળߪࡔ࡯ࠩ࡯ޔࡋ࡯ࠥ࡞ޔ࡝ࠬ࠻ߥߤߦᬺ❣ࠍ߽ ߟ࠼ࠗ࠷⎇ⓥߩේ↰ືผ᳁ޔ⸛⺰⠪ߪࠗ࠲࡝ࠕ໪⫥㧘․ߦ࠽ࡐ࡝ߦ߅ߌࠆࠫࠚࡁࡧࠚ࡯ࠫ ⚻ᷣቇߩ⸃᣿ߦ㐳ᐕขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ޿ࠆᅏ↰ᢘ᳁ߣߥߞߚ߇ޔߘࠇߪㆊ෰ੑᐕ㑆ߦ౒ห⎇ⓥߩ ෳട⠪߇ⴕߥߞߚಽᜂߣߩࡃ࡜ࡦࠬࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕ  ⧷☨ޔࡈ࡜ࡦࠬޔ࠼ࠗ࠷ޔࠗ࠲࡝ࠕޔࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳ߘߩઁߩ⻉࿖ޔ⻉࿾ၞߩ໪⫥⎇ⓥߪಌ߹ ߓ޿൓޿ߢዷ㐿ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ໪⫥ߩᤨઍߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐߩ⎇ⓥ߽߈ࠊ߼ߡᵴ⊒ߦⴕߥࠊࠇߡ߅ࠅޔ ߒ߆߽໪⫥⎇ⓥߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡᗧ⼂ߒߡⴕߥࠊࠇࠆ௑ะ߇ᒝߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕ❑ഀࠅߩ⚻ᷣቇ ผ߆ࠄߔࠆฎౖᵷ⚻ᷣቇߩ⎇ⓥߣ޿߁ᩰᅢߢߪߥߊ㧔ߘࠇ߽޽ࠆ߇㧕ޔᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥޔᱧผ⎇ ⓥߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡⴕߥࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕߘࠇߪߥߗ߆ޕࠕ࠽࡯࡞ޔࡈ࡯ࠦ࡯ޔࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯ ࡑࠬߩᓇ㗀߽޽ࠇ߫ޔࠤࡦࡉ࡝࠶ࠫቇᵷߩᓇ㗀߽ᄢ߈޿ޕ߹ߚ࠻ࡓࠬࡦߩ᳃ⴐᕁᗐߩ⎇ⓥ ♽⼆߽޽ࠆޕߘߩὐߪޔਇචಽߥ߇ࠄޔ↰ਛႎ๔ߢ⸅ࠇࠄࠇࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ  ᱧผ⎇ⓥߪޔ⃻ઍ⎇ⓥ߳ߩㄤ࿁⊛ធㄭߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍุቯߔࠆੱߪ޿ߥ޿ߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕᱧผ ߣߪޟㆊ෰ߣ⃻࿷ߩኻ⹤ޠߢ޽ࠆߣ E࡮H࡮ࠞ࡯ߪㅀߴߚ߇ޔ໪⫥ᤨઍߩޔ޽ࠆ޿ߪߘࠇߙ ࠇߩ໪⫥ߦ߅ߌࠆ⚻ᷣᕁᗐߩዷ㐿ޔ⚻ᷣቇߩᒻᚑࠍⓥ᣿ߔࠆߎߣߪޔ⃻ઍߩቇ໧ߣߒߡߩ ⚻ᷣቇߩ⎇ⓥߣᢎ⢒ߦޔߘߒߡ⚻ᷣᢥൻߩ޽ࠅࠃ߁ߦ㑆ធᾖ᣿ࠍᒰߡࠆߎߣߦߥࠆޕ  ↢↥ജ߽ੱญ߽↢ᵴ᳓Ḱ߽㜞߹ߞߚߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔⅣႺ⎕უߣ᳇୥ᄌേޔ‽⟋⊛ߣ߽ ޿߁ߴ߈㊄Ⲣขᒁߣᄢ㊂⽺᳃ࠍ↢↥ߒߡ޿ࠆ਎⇇⚻ᷣߩ⃻⁁ࠍⷞ㊁ߦ⟎ߊߣ߈ޔㆊ෰߆ࠄ ߩ㆏ࠍᬌ⸽ߔࠆᱧผ⎇ⓥߪޔᄌേߔࠆ⚻ᷣߣ↢ᵴ᭽ᑼࠍߤ߁㚔⥌ߔߴ߈߆ޔ߹ߚߒ߁ࠆ߆ޔ ߹ߚ૗ࠍ⋡ᜰߖ߫ࠃ޿ߩ߆ޔ⋡ᜰߒ߁ࠆߩ߆ࠍ⠨߃ࠆ✼ߦߥࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ18 ਎♿໪⫥ߩᤨ ઍߦࡕ࠺࡞߇޽ࠆਥᒛߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿ޕߘࠇߪㇹᗜߦㆊ߉ߥ޿ߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕߒ߆ߒޔㆊ ෰ߦ߽ⷞὐࠍ߽ߜޔㆊ෰ߩᕁᗐኅࠍෳᾖߒߥߌࠇ߫ޔ21 ਎♿ࠍㄫ߃ߡޔ߹ߔ߹ߔⶄ㔀ᕋᄸ ߥ਎⇇ߦߥߞߡ޿ߊ⃻ታߦᛕ್⊛ߦኻጺߔࠆ㆏ౕ┙ߡࠍ৻ߟᰳߊߎߣߦ߽ߥࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ

－19－ ࡉ࡝࠹ࡦ໪⫥ߣࠬࡒࠬ⚻ᷣቇߩᒻᚑ ᷰㄝᕺ৻㧔੩ㇺቇ࿦ᄢቇ㧕

㧝㧚⺖㗴ߩ㒢ቯ ⚵❱⠪࡮มળ⠪߆ࠄᒰೋ޽ߚ߃ࠄࠇߚ࠹࡯ࡑߪޔޟᄢࡉ࡝࠹ࡦߩ໪⫥ߣࠬࡒࠬ⚻ᷣቇߩᒻᚑޠ ߢ޽ߞߚޕߘߩᗧ࿑ߪޔࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ߣࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߛߌߢߪߥߊޔࠕࠗ࡞࡜ࡦ࠼߿ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ ߩ໪⫥ࠍ߽ⷞ㊁ߦ౉ࠇߡߩߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ߇ޔႎ๔⠪ߪޔߘࠇࠍਇ↪ᗧߦ߽ޟࡉ࡝࠹ࡦ໪⫥ޠߣ◲ ⇛ൻߒߡߒ߹ߞߚޕߎߎߢ޿߁ޟࡉ࡝࠹ࡦ໪⫥ޠߪޔࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼໪⫥㧔SE㧕ߣࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ ໪⫥㧔EE㧕ߛߌࠍ฽߻ Enlightenments in Britain ߩᗧ๧ߢ૶↪ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ߞߡޔᱧผ᭎ᔨ ߣߒߡᚑ┙ߒ߃ߥ߆ߞߚ British Enlightenment㧔නᢙᒻ㧕ࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿ޕSE ߪޔ1707 ᐕߩޟว㇌ޠ೨ᓟ߆ࠄ਎♿ᧃ߹ߢޔEE ߣߪ⇣ߥࠆࠦࡦ࠮ࡊ࠻ߩᕁᗐ࡮ᢥൻㆇേߣߒߡ⎇ⓥߐࠇ ߡ߈ߚߒޔߘߒߡ 19 ਎♿ߩᄢࡉ࡝࠹ࡦߪ߽ߪ߿ഞ೑ਥ⟵ߩᤨઍߣߥࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕ SE ߪޔࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ߣࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߩޟว㇌ޠߣ޿߁ᱧผ⊛ᢥ⣂ߦ߅޿ߡᚑ┙ߒߚޔ18 ਎ ♿ࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߦ࿕᦭ߩᕁᗐ࡮ᢥൻㆇേߢ޽ࠆޕޟว㇌ޠߦࠃߞߡࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߪ⁛┙࿖ኅߣ ߒߡߩਥᮭ㧔⼏ળ㧩᡽ᴦ⊛⁛┙㧕ࠍᄬߞߚޕߌࠇߤ߽ߘߩઍఘߣߒߡᓧߚ߽ߩ߇ޔᐢᄢߥࠗࡦࠣ ࡜ࡦ࠼Ꮢ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆޟ੤ᤃߩ⥄↱ޠߢ޽ࠆޕ̈15 ᐕߣ̈45 ᐕߩࠫࡖࠦࡃࠗ࠻ߩฆੂࠍ⚻㛎ߔࠆ߽ ߩߩޔࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߪޟว㇌ޠᓟ߽ޔ࿖ౝߩ᡽ᴦ⊛⥄ᴦࠍ଻㓚ߐࠇޔ㐳⠧ᵷᢎળߣવ⛔⊛ߥᴺ ೙ᐲޔߐࠄߦ࿕᦭ߩᢎ⢒೙ᐲ߿㌁ⴕ೙ᐲ߽ޔߎࠇࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚߚ߼ޔᱧผ⊛ߦߺࠇ߫ޔ ታ⾰⊛ߦߪァ੐ᮭߣᄖ੤ᮭࠍ᡼᫈ߔࠆ߆ߚߜߢޔㅪว₺࿖ߩࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ߣߒߡޔࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ߩ ޟ⥄↱ߣን⵨ޠߣࠍ⥄࿖ߦขࠅㄟ߻ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕฬ⹷㕟๮૕೙ߣࠃ߫ࠇࠆࡉ࡝࠹ࡦߩ ⛔ᴦ૕೙ߩ߽ߣߢޟን⵨ޠߣޟ⥄↱ޠߣࠍ౒ߦታ⃻ߔࠆߎߣ߇ޔSE ߩ᡽ᴦ⊛⋡ᮡߢ޽ࠅޔࠬࡒ ࠬ߇⚻ᷣቇࠍᒻᚑߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡᬌ⸛ࠍߖ߹ࠄࠇߚ⺖㗴ߢ߽޽ߞߚޕ ߚߒ߆ߦ SE ߪޔߎ߁ߒߚޟว㇌ޠߣ޿߁ᱧผ⊛ᢥ⣂ࠍᛮ߈ߦߒߡ⺆ࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿ޕߒ߆ ߒߘࠇߣหᤨߦޔSE ࠍផㅴߔࠆේേജߣߥߞߚ㆏ᓼືቇޔ㐳⠧ᵷᢎળޔࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ᴺߩવ ⛔߇ޔߌߞߒߡ⚐࿖↥ຠߢߪߥߊޔߘߩ޿ߕࠇ߽߇ࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ߛߌߢߪߥߊޔ߭ࠈߊᄢ㒽⻉࿖ ߣߩ㐳ᐕߦࠊߚࠆ㐿߆ࠇߚ⍮⊛੤ᵹߩߥ߆ߢၭࠊࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߽ޔᔓࠇߡߪߥࠄߥ޿ߢ޽ ࠈ߁ޕߣߊߦޔߎߩὐߢࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼߿ᄢ㒽⻉࿖ߩቇ໧ߩ⊒ዷ⁁ᴫࠍޔࠬࡒࠬ⥄り߇ᒝߊᗧ⼂ߒ ߡ޿ߚߎߣࠍ␜ߔ⾗ᢱ߇ޔ଀ߩޡࠛ࠺ࠖࡦࡃ࡜⹏⺰ޢ߳ߩነⓂᢥޟ✬㓸⠪ߚߜ߳ߩᚻ⚕ޠߢ޽ࠆ 㧔EPS, pp.242-50, 315-27 㗁㧕ޕޟ⍮⼂␠ળߦޔ߹ߐߦ޿߹㗡ⷺࠍ޽ࠄࠊߒᆎ߼ߚߦߔ߉ߥ޿ߎߩ ࿖ߪޔ߹ߛ⹏್ߦߥࠆ⪺૞ࠍࠊߕ߆ߒ߆↢ߺߛߒߡ޿ߥ޿ޠߩߢޔ⃻࿷ޔޟቇ໧ߩ⢒ᚑ߇ᄖ࿖ੱߩ ᵈᗧࠍᒁߊ߶ߤߩᚑഞ߹ߚߪฬჿࠍߣ߽ߥߞߡ޿ࠆߩߪޔࡈ࡜ࡦࠬߣࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ߦ߅޿ߡߛߌ ߢ޽ࠆޠޕࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ߢᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆੱ‛ࠍ޽ߍࠇ߫ޔ߹ߕᢥቇߢߪޔޟࠪࠚࠗࠢࠬࡇࠕޔࠬࡍࡦ ࠨ࡯ޔࡒ࡞࠻ࡦޠ߇޿ࠆޕࡈ࡜ࡦࠬߩ⊖⑼ోᦠߦᓇ㗀ࠍ޽ߚ߃ߚࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ߩືቇ⠪ߣߒߡޔ ޟࡌࠗࠦࡦޔࡏࠗ࡞ޔ࠾ࡘ࡯࠻ࡦޠߪ․╩ߦ୯ߔࠆޕߥߗߥࠄޔޟว㇌એ᧪ޔࠊࠇࠊࠇߪޔ⥄ಽߚ ߜࠍ޽ࠆ⒟ᐲߎࠇࠄߩஉੱߚߜߩห࿖ੱߣߺߥߔ௑ะ߇޽ࠆߩߢޔࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ߩືቇߩఝ⿧ᕈ ߇ߎߩࠃ߁ߦޔ┹੎⋧ᚻߩ࿖᳃ߦࠃߞߡߺߣ߼ࠄࠇࠆߩࠍߺࠆߣޔࡉ࡝࠹ࡦੱߣߒߡߩ⯯ᩕᔃ߇ ߊߔߋࠄࠇࠆޠ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩࠃ߁ߦޟ⁛ഃ⊛ߢ⊒᣿ߩᚽ⍮ޠࠍ⹶ߞߚ⥄ὼືቇߩવ⛔߇޽ࠆ ߣߪ޿߃ޔ⃻࿷ߢߪޟ߹ߕ߹ߕߩ૕♽ޠߐ߃ࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ߢߪ⷗޽ߚࠄߥ޿⁁ᴫߢ޽ࠆޕ㆏ᓼ⺰ ߿ᒻ⠰਄ቇߦߟ޿ߡ߽੐ᖱߪ߹ߞߚߊหߓߢ޽ߞߡޔ߆ߟߡߪޟࡎ࠶ࡉ࠭᳁ޔࡠ࠶ࠢ᳁ޔ߅ࠃ߮ ࡑࡦ࠼ࡧࠖ࡞ඳ჻ޔࠪࡖ࡯ࡈ࠷ࡌ࡝෌ޔࡃ࠻࡜࡯ඳ჻ޔࠢ࡜࡯ࠢඳ჻ޔߘߒߡࡂ࠴ࠬࡦ᳁ޠߣ޿ ߞߚ⪺ฬੱࠍឃ಴ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔߎߩಽ㊁߽ޟ޿߹ߢߪࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ੱ⥄りߦࠃߞߡቢోߦ シⷞߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇޔ࡮࡮࡮ㄭ㗃ߢߪࡈ࡜ࡦࠬߦ⒖ߐࠇߚޠޕ̆̆ߎࠇߪޔߔߢߦ⴮ㅌᦼ ߦ޽ࠆߣ⹏ଔߐࠇߚޔࠬࡒࠬߩ EE ⺰ߣߺࠆߎߣ߇⸵ߐࠇࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕᓐ߇ࠛ࡝ࠩࡌࠬᦺ࡞ࡀࠨ

－20－ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第一会場

ࡦࠬᦼ߹ߢࠍⷞ㊁ߦ౉ࠇߡ⺰ߓߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ೎ߣߔࠇ߫ޔࠬࡒࠬߩ EE ⺰ߪޔPorter(1981)ߩ EE ߩቯ⟵ߣᄢ߹߆ߥߣߎࠈߢ৻⥌ߔࠆޕ ᧄႎ๔ߢߪ SE ߣ EE ߩቯ⟵ߣ޿߁ޔᚻߦ૛ࠆ⼏⺰ߦߪߎࠇએ਄ᷓ౉ࠅߪߖߕޔ⠨ኤߩኻ⽎ࠍ ⥄ὼᴺቇ߿⛔ᴦ⺰ߣࠬࡒࠬ⚻ᷣቇߣߩ㑐ㅪߦ⛉ࠅㄟࠎߢ⺰ⓥߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅޔࠬࡒࠬߦ߅ߌࠆ⚻ ᷣቇߩᒻᚑ㧔Јޡ࿖ን⺰ޢߩᚑ┙㧕໧㗴ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆᄙ᭽ߥࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ޿ߣᕁ߁ޕ

㧞㧚ޟᱜ⟵ߩේℂޠߣޟଢቱߩේℂޠ̆̆ ⥄ὼᴺቇߣౝ᡽㧔ࡐ࡝ࠬ㧕⺰ߩේℂ⊛඙ಽ ๟⍮ߩࠃ߁ߦޔޡ࿖ን⺰ޢߩߥ߆ߢࠬࡒࠬߪޔޟ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇޠࠍޔޟ᡽ᴦኅ޽ࠆ޿ߪ┙ᴺ⠪ߩ⑼ ቇߩ৻ㇱ㐷ޠߣቯ⟵ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔WN, p.428,(2)257 㗁㧕ޕޡ࿖ን⺰ޢߪޔ߽ߣ߽ߣࠬࡒࠬߩޡᴺቇ⻠ ⟵ޢ╙৻ㇱޟᱜ⟵ޠߦߟߠߊޔ╙ੑㇱޟౝ᡽㧔ࡐ࡝ࠬ㧕ޠ㧔ߣᐢ⟵ߦߪޟᱦ౉ޠ࡮ޟァ஻ޠࠍ฽߻⻉ ㇱ㐷㧕߇ޔޟᱜ⟵ޠ⺰߆ࠄಽ㔌ߐࠇߡᚑ┙ߒߚ⪺૞ߢ޽ࠆޕޟ⛔ᴦߩ⋡⊛(the ends of government)ޠ ࠍޔᱜ⟵㧔ᚲ᦭ᮭߩ଻ో㧕࡮ౝ᡽࡮ᱦ౉㧔⒅⒢㧕࡮ァ஻࡮㧔߅ࠃ߮⻉࿖᳃ߩᴺ㧕ߦ඙ಽߔࠆޡ⻠⟵ޢ ߩ᭴ᚑߪޔࠣࡠ࠹ࠖ࠙ࠬߦᆎ߹ࠆㄭઍ⥄ὼᴺቇߩવ⛔ߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢ߽ߥߌࠇ߫ޔ߹ߚࠬࡒࠬ୘ੱ ߩഃ᩺ߢ߽ߥ޿ޕ᡽ᴦ㧔ᕁᗐ㧕ผ⊛ߦ޿߃߫ޔㄭઍ⥄ὼᴺቇ߇ᚑ┙ߒߡߊࠆ 17 ਎♿ࠃࠅ߽ߪࠆ ߆એ೨ߦߘߩ⿠Ḯ߇޽ࠆߎߣߪޔ㗔㇌࿖ኅࠍ߼ߋࠆࠬࡒࠬ⥄りߩᰴߩᢥ⸒߆ࠄ߽᣿ࠄ߆ߢ޽ࠆޕ ޟ᳃੐ߣೃ੐ߣߩᦨ㜞ⵙ್ᮭߛߌߢߪߥߊޔᓽ౓ᮭޔ⽻ᐊ㍌ㅧᮭޔߐࠄߦߪ⥄࿖᳃ߩ⛔ᴦߩߚ߼ ߩ᧦଀(by-laws for the government of their own people)ࠍ೙ቯߔࠆᮭ㒢ߢߐ߃ޔߘߩߔߴߡߪޔ ኽᑪᴺ߇࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄߢߘߩฬ೨ߛߌߢ߽⍮ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆᢙ਎♿߽߹߃߆ࠄޔᄢ࿯࿾ᚲ᦭⠪ (the great proprietors of land)߇⥄↱଻᦭ᮭ⊛ߦ(allodially)଻᦭ߒߡ޿ߚᮭ೑ߢ޽ߞߚޠ㧔WN, pp.415-16, (2)238 㗁; Cf. LJ(A), pp.252-53, LJ(B), p.416, 74-5 㗁ާ⎕✢ᒝ⺞ߪᒁ↪⠪⥄り߽ߩޔએ ਅหߓި㧕ޕ߽ߣ߽ߣޟ࿖᳃ߩ⑔␩(salus populi)ޠ㧔౏౒ༀ㧕ߩታ⃻ࠍޔ޽ࠄࠁࠆ⛔ᴦߩ⋡⊛㧔⟵ോ㧕 ߣߔࠆ᡽ᴦືቇߩવ⛔ߪࠠࠤࡠߦ㆚ࠆߣߐࠇࠆ߇ޔߒ߆ߒޔߘߩᆎේߪࡊ࡜࠻ࡦߩޡ࿖ኅ⺰ޢ߿ ࠕ࡝ࠬ࠻࠹࡟ࠬߩޡ᡽ᴦቇޢߦ޽ࠆޕޟ࿖᳃ߩ⑔␩ާᐔ๺ި߇ᦨ㜞ߩᴺߢ޽ࠆ(Salus populi lex suprema)ޠ㧔ޡᴺᓞߦߟ޿ߡޢ3 Ꮞ 4 ▵㧕ߣ޿߁ޔߎߩ┙ᴺ⠪ߩޟ⛔ᴦޠ⟵ോࠍቯ߼ߚࠠࠤࡠߩ๮ 㗴ߪޔᮭജߩ⡛ଶੑర⺰ߦࠃߞߡ․ᓽߠߌࠄࠇࠆਛ਎࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄࠍ߳ߡޔㄭઍਥᮭ࿖ኅߩᒻᚑᦼ ߆ࠄ໪⫥ߩᤨઍߦ޿ߚࠆ߹ߢޔ⷏ᵗߩ᡽ᴦ⊛਎⇇ࠍᡰ㈩ߒߡ߈ߚၮᧄᕁᗐߢ޽ࠆ㧔Skinner:1978, ධ:2007㧕ޕ ࠬࡒࠬߩવ⸥૞ኅߢ߽޽ࠆ࠼࠘࡯ࠟ࡞࠼࡮ࠬ࠹ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߪޔ1816 ᐕߣ 21 ᐕߩ 2 ࿁ߦಽߌߡޡࠛ ࡦࠨࠗࠢࡠࡍ࠺ࠖࠕ࡮ࡉ࡝࠲࠾ࠞޢ╙ 5 ߩ⵬ㆮߦឝタߐࠇߚޡ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄߦ߅ߌࠆᢥ⧓ᓳ⥝એ 㒠ߩᒻ⠰਄ቇ࡮୶ℂቇ࡮᡽ᴦቇߩ⊒ዷߩ᭎ⷰޢߩߥ߆ߢޔޟㄭઍ⑼ቇߣߒߡߩ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇޠߩഃ⸳ ⠪ߣߒߡޔࡈ࡜ࡦ࠰ࡢ࡮ࠤࡀ࡯ޔࠨ࡯࡮ࠫࠚ࡯ࠗࡓ࠭࡮ࠬ࠹ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߣࠬࡒࠬߩฬ೨ࠍ޽ߍߡ޿ ࠆޕ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇߪޔㄭઍߦ߅޿ߡޟ᡽ᴦ⑼ቇ(political Science)ޠߩޟ߽ߞߣ߽᦭↪ߥಽ㊁ޠߣߥ ߞߚቇ໧ߢ޽ߞߡޔߘߩᒻᚑㆊ⒟ߦ߅޿ߡߪޔࠣࡠ࠹ࠖ࠙ࠬߦᆎ߹ࠆㄭઍ⥄ὼᴺቇߩ⥄↱ਥ⟵ᕁ ᗐߣߣ߽ߦޔࡈ࡜ࡦࠪࠬ࡮ࡌࠗࠦࡦߩޟ┙ᴺ⠪ߩ⑼ቇޠߣ޿߁᡽ᴦືቇߩવ⛔߇᳿ቯ⊛ߥᓎഀࠍ ᨐߚߒߚޔߣࠬ࠹ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߪ⺰ߓߡ޿ࠆޕࡌࠗࠦࡦߦࠃࠇ߫ޔ޽ࠄࠁࠆ⛔ᴦ㧔᡽ᴦᡰ㈩㧕ߩⓥᭂ ⋡⊛ߪޔޟᐘ⑔ߥᏒ᳃↢ᵴޠߩታ⃻ߦ޽ࠆޕߘߩ⋡⊛ㆀⴕߦᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆ┙ᴺ⠪ߩ᡽╷⺖㗴ߣߒߡޔ Ԙቬᢎᢎ⢒㧔ାઔ㧕ޔԙ਎ଶ⊛ߥቇᩞᢎ⢒㧔㆏ᓼ㧕ޔԚァ஻ޔԛมᴺⴕ᡽ޔԜ᡽ᐭ߅ࠃ߮ⴕ᡽ቭ߳ ߩ᦯ᓥޔߘߒߡᦨᓟߦԝޟን߅ࠃ߮ߘߩઁߩ࿖᳃⊛⾗ḮࠍẢᴛߦߔࠆޠߎߣ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ ┙ᴺ⠪߇ޟᐘ⑔ߥᏒ᳃↢ᵴޠࠍታ⃻ߩߚ߼ߩ਄⸥ߩ⻉᡽╷ߪޔޟ᡽ᴦ⊛ଢቱ(political expediency)ޠ ߦ߽ߣߠߊ߽ߩߣᜰ៰ߐࠇࠆޕޟ᡽ᴦ⊛ଢቱ(political expediency)ޠߩ࡜࠹ࡦ⺆ߪ̈utilitas publicảߢ޽ࠅޔߎࠇߪޔ⧷⺆ߢߪޟ౏౒ༀ(public good)ޠ߿ޟ౏౒ߩ೑⋉(public utility)ޠߣ ห⟵ߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠄޔᢥሼߤ߅ࠅߦߪޟ␠ળߦߣߞߡߩᔅⷐᕈ(necessity)ޠߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߦߥࠆ㧔ᷰㄝ: 2008㧕ޕ㧔ࡌࠗࠦࡦߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ⧐⾐(1993)ޔߘࠇએ೨ߩ࠹ࡘ࡯࠳࡯ᦺ࡞ࡀࠨࡦࠬᦼߩ

－21－ ⚻ᷣቇߦߟ޿ߡߪޔട⮮(1966)ߣ Wood(1994)ࠍෳᾖޕ㧕 ࠬࡒࠬߩޡᴺቇ⻠⟵ޢߩ╙৻ㇱޟᱜ⟵ޠએᄖߩ㧔ߩߜߦޡ࿖ን⺰ޢߣߒߡೀⴕߐࠇࠆ㧕⻉ㇱ㐷 ߪޔࠬࡒࠬߩ㜞ᒉ࡚ࠫࡦ࡮ࡒ࡜࡯߇ࠬ࠹ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߦવ߃ߚࠃ߁ߦޔޟ㧔᡽ᴦ⊛㧕ଢቱߩේೣޠߦ߽ ߣߠߊ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚޕޡ⻠⟵(B)ޢߩޟ࿖㓙ᴺޠߦߟ޿ߡޔࠬࡒࠬߪޔޟߎࠇߪߌߞߒߡޔᱜ⟵ߣⴧ ᐔߣߚߛߒߊࠃ߫ࠇࠆ߽ߩߦޔ߽ߣߠ޿ߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥࠅ߃ߥ޿ޕߎߩ߫޽޿ޔߘࠇߪ߹ߐߦ ᱜ⟵ߩ৻ㇱࠍߥߔޔᔅⷐᕈ(necessity)ߦ߽ߣߠߊߦߜ߇޿ߥ޿ޠ㧔LJ(B),p.547, 422 㗁㧕ޔߣᜰ៰ ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ߹ߚޔޟᓽ෼ߣㆇ↪ߣ߇ⴕ᡽ᮭ(executive power)ߦࠁߛߨࠄࠇࠆޠޟ⺖⒢ޠ໧㗴ߦߟ޿ ߡ߽ޔޡ࿖ን⺰ޢߦ߅޿ߡࠬࡒࠬߪޔޟ᣿⊕ߥᱜ⟵ߣ᦭↪ᕈ(evident justice and utility)ޠߣ޿߁৻ ⥸ේೣ㧔޿ࠊࠁࠆޟ⒅⒢㧠ේೣޠ㧕ߦ߽ߣߠ޿ߡᓽ⒢ߐࠇߡ߈ߚߒޔᓽ⒢ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣ⺑޿ ߡ޿ࠆ㧔WN, pp.759, 827 , (4)13,136 㗁㧕ޕߐࠄߦޔޟ࿖ኅℂᕈޠࠍ෩ߒߊᛕ್ߔࠆࠬࡒࠬߢߪ޽ ࠆ߇ޔߚߣ߃߫㘫㙰ߩࠃ߁ߥޟ߽ߞߣ߽✕ᕆߩᔅⷐᕈޠ߇޽ࠆߣ߈ߦߪޔޟㅢᏱߩᱜ⟵ߩᴺޠࠍ‶ †ߦߒߡⓃ‛ャ಴ࠍ೙㒢ߔࠆߎߣ߇ޔޟߥߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠅ⸵ߐࠇ߁ࠆޔᮭᆭ޽ࠆ┙ᴺ⠪ߩⴕὑޠ ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߪޔޡ࿖ን⺰ޢߦ߅޿ߡ᣿⏕ߦᛚ⹺ߐࠇࠆߣߎࠈߢ޽ࠆ㧔WN,p.539, (3)75 㗁㧕ޕ㧔ޟᔅ ⷐߦᴺߪߥ޿ޠޔ޽ࠆ޿ߪޟᔅⷐߪߔߴߡߩᴺࠍଚ‽ߔࠆޠޕ㧕 ࠬࡒࠬߩᴺቇ㧔⥄ὼᴺቇ㧕ߩ․ᓽߪޔࠣࡠ࠹ࠖ࠙ࠬߦᆎ߹ࠆ㧔ߣࠬࡒ߽ࠬ⠨߃ࠆ㧕ㄭઍ⥄ὼᴺ ቇߩવ⛔ߦߒߚ߇޿ޔޟࠊࠇࠊࠇ߇⺧᳞ߒޔઁੱ߇ᜎุߔࠇ߫ߘߩㆀⴕࠍᒝ೙ߔࠆᮭ೑߇޽ࠆޠޟቢ ోᮭ perfect rightsޠߣߒߡߩᴺቇ૕♽㧔ᱜ⟵㧕ߣޔߘࠇߦߚ޿ߒߡޟਇቢోᮭ(imperfect rights)ޠ ߣࠃ߫ࠇࠆޔ᡽ᴦ⊛㧩㆏ᓼ⊛ߥ⟵ോߩ૕♽ߣ߇ޔᒰೋ㧔ޟࠕࡦ࠳࡯࠰ࡦ࡮ࡁ࡯࠻ޠ㧕߆ࠄߪߞ߈ࠅ ߣቇ໧㗔ၞ⊛ߦፋ೎ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩޟቢోᮭޠߣޟਇቢోᮭޠߩ᭎ᔨ඙ಽߪޔޡ⻠⟵ (㧭)ޢߢᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ߅ࠅޔߚߒ߆ߦޟࡂ࠴ࠬࡦ᳁߇ޔࡊ࡯ࡈࠚࡦ࠼࡞↵ῲߦߒߚ߇ߞߡ߅ ߎߥߞߚᮭ೑ߩ඙ಽޠ㧔LJ(A),p.9㧕ߢ޽ߞߚޕࠣࡠ࠹ࠖ࠙ࠬߩઍ⴫૞ޡᚢ੎ߣᐔ๺ߩᴺޢ(1625) ߩਥ㗴ߪޔߘߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞߇␜ໂߔࠆࠃ߁ߦޔޟᱜᚢ⺰ޠ㧔╙ਃᏎ㧕ߢ޽ࠆޕߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄᦨೋߩੑ Ꮞߪޔޟ⻉࿖ኅߩၮᧄ᭴ㅧߣᏒ᳃ᴺߩ⻉ේℂޔਥᮭ⠪ߣ⤿᳃ߩ⻉ᮭ೑ޔ‽⟋ޔᄾ⚂ޔᚲ᦭ޔ߅ࠃ߮ ᴺߩኻ⽎ߢ޽ࠆߘߩઁ޽ࠄࠁࠆߎߣࠍ⎇ⓥߔࠆ࡮࡮࡮ᴺቇߩቢోߥ૕♽ߢ޽ࠆޠ㧔LJ(B), p.397, 17-18 㗁; Cf. TMS, p.342, (ਅ)400 㗁㧕ߣޔࠬࡒࠬߪᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ࠆޕࠣࡠ࠹ࠖ࠙ࠬߪޔࠫࡖࡦ࡮ࡏ ࠳ࡦߦߺࠄࠇࠆ᡽ᴦߣ⥄ὼᴺߣߩᷙหࠍᛕ್ߒߡޔ⥄ὼᴺࠍޟᮭ೑ޠߩ૕♽ߣߒߡ⚐ൻߒߚߩߢ ޽ࠆ߇ޔࡊ࡯ࡈࠚࡦ࠼࡞ࡈߪޔޟ⥄ὼᴺߣ㆏ᓼືቇߩห৻ൻޠࠍߪ߆ࠅޔޟᮭ೑ޠߩ૕♽㧔੤឵⊛ ᱜ⟵㧕ߣޟ⟵ോޠߩ૕♽㧔ಽ㈩⊛ᱜ⟵㧕ࠍޔߣ߽ߦᴺቇ૕♽ߩߥ߆ߢ⺰ߓࠃ߁ߣߒߚ㧔Stein:1999, p.108, 139 㗁㧕ޕߒߚ߇ߞߡޔ᡽ᴦ߿㆏ᓼࠍᴺቇߣหߓᚻᴺߢ⺰ߓࠃ߁ߣߒߚߣߎࠈߦޔࡊ࡯ࡈࠚ ࡦ࠼࡞ࡈ߿ࡂ࠴ࠬࡦߩ㆏ᓼືቇߩޟ᳿⇼⺰ޠ⊛ᕈᩰߦߚ޿ߔࠆࠬࡒࠬߩᛕ್ߩⷐὐ߇޽ߞߚߩߢ ޽ࠆ㧔↰ਛ:1997a, 83 㗁; ᷰㄝ:2008, 223-28 㗁㧕ޕ ㄭઍ⥄ὼᴺቇߩ⺖㗴ߪޔ⥄ὼ⁁ᘒߦ߅ߌࠆᐔ╬ߥੱ㑆ߩሽ࿷ࠍ೨ឭߣߒߡޔᏒ᳃ߣߒߡߩੱ㑆 ߩᮭ೑㧔⥄↱㧕ࠍ଻㓚ߒ߁ࠆޔޟ⛔ᴦޠ㧔᡽ᴦᡰ㈩㧕ߩᚑ┙ᩮ᜚ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕ␠ળ ᄾ⚂߽ޔ᡽ᴦ⊛౒ห૕㧔ᡰ㈩࡮ᓥዻ㑐ଥ㧕ࠍᒻᚑߔࠆ⛔ᴦᄾ⚂߽ޔㄭઍ⥄ὼᴺቇߢߪޔߣ߽ߦੱ ᩰ⊛ߦߪᐔ╬ߥ୘ੱ߇ߣࠅ⚿߱෺ോ⊛ߥᮭ೑࡮⟵ോ㑐ଥ߇ၮ␆ߣߥࠆߩߢ޽ߞߡޔߘࠇߪޔၮᧄ ⊛ߦޟ੤឵⊛ᱜ⟵ޠ߇❱ࠅߥߔ਎⇇ߢ޽ࠆޕࠬࡒࠬߪޔࡠ࠶ࠢ߿ࠪ࠼࠾࡯ߩޟේᄾ⚂ޠ⺑ࠍ㕖⃻ ታ⊛ߥ઒⺑ߣߒߡ߈ߞ߬ࠅߣุቯߔࠆߌࠇߤ߽ޔ⁜⟵ߩᴺቇ߇ޟ੤឵⊛ᱜ⟵ޠߦ߽ߣߠߊ߽ޟᮭ ೑ޠߩ૕♽ߢ޽ࠆ߆߉ࠅޔޟਥᮭ⠪߇ᮭജࠍỬ↪ߒޔᓐߩ⋡⊛ߢ޽ࠆ࿖᳃ߩ೑⋉ߩߚ߼ߦᮭജࠍⴕ ૶ߖߕߦޔߘࠇࠍ⥄ಽ⥄りߩᮭജߩჇᒝߣ࿾૏ߩะ਄ߦᝄࠅะߌࠆߥࠄޔᓐ߇⡯ോࠍㅊࠊࠇࠆޠ 㧔LJ(A), p.316㧕ߩߪᒰὼߢ޽ࠆߣߒߡޔਥᮭ⠪ߦߚ޿ߔࠆ⤿᳃ߩᛶ᛫ᮭࠍޔ߆ࠇ߽߹ߚᏒ᳃ߩ ᱜᒰߥᮭ೑ߒߡᛚ⹺ߒߡ޿ࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔਥᮭ⠪߇ޔ⤿᳃ࠍ଻⼔ߔࠆ⛔ᴦ⟵ോࠍቢోߦ᡼᫈ߒߡߒ ߹߁ߣ޿߁ޔߎߩࠃ߁ߥᭂ┵ߥ੐଀ࠍ೎ߣߔࠇ߫ޔޟᱜ⟵ߩේℂޠߦࠃߞߡޔਥᮭ⠪ߩ⤿᳃ߦߚ޿ ߔࠆ⛔ᴦ⟵ോߩౝኈࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣޔߔߥࠊߜޟำਥ߇ߥߦࠍߒߡࠃ޿ߩ߆ޔ߹ߚߥߦࠍߒ

－22－ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第一会場

ߡߪ޿ߌߥ޿ߩ߆ࠍ᳿ቯߔࠆߩߪ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆޠ㧔LJ(B), p.435, 127 㗁㧕ߣޔࠬࡒࠬߪᜰ៰ߔࠆޕ ߎߩ໧㗴ߪޔޡ⻠⟵(A)ޢߢߪߐࠄߦ⹦ߒߊޔᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⺰ߓࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔Cf. Haakonssen:1981, pp.127-28, 194-95 㗁㧕ޕޟ౏ᴺߩߎߩㇱ㐷ާ⤿᳃ߦߚ޿ߔࠆਥᮭ⠪ߩ⟵ോިߪޔ࿖㓙ᴺߩㇱ㐷ߣห ᭽ߦޔ⤿᳃㑆ߩ⑳ᴺ߿ޔ⤿᳃ߩਥᮭ⠪ߦߚ޿ߔࠆ⟵ോࠍ฽߻౏ᴺߩઁߩㇱಽߣหߓࠃ߁ߥޔᱜ⏕ ߐࠍ᳞߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿ޠޕߒߚ߇ߞߡޔߎߩ⤿᳃ߦߚ޿ߔࠆਥᮭ⠪ߩ⟵ോߦߟ޿ߡߪޔޟਥᮭ ⠪ߩᮭജ߇ߤߩ⒟ᐲߦ߹ߢ෸߱ߩ߆ޔߘߩᱜ⏕ߥ೙㒢ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ߶ߣࠎߤ⠨ኤߐࠇߡߎߥ߆ߞ ߚߒޔ߹ߚ⏕ቯߔࠆߎߣߪ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆޠ㧔LJ(A), p.311㧕ޕ̆̆ ޟᱜ⟵ߩේℂޠߦࠃߞߡߪ᳿ቯߐ ࠇߥ޿ߣ޿߁ޔߎߩ⤿᳃ߦߚ޿ߔࠆਥᮭ⠪ߩ⛔ᴦ㧔⟵ോ㧕໧㗴ߎߘ߇ޔޟଢቱߩේℂޠߦ߽ߣߠ޿ ߡޔޡᴺቇ⻠⟵ޢ╙ੑㇱޟౝ᡽ޠએਅߩ⻉ㇱ㐷ߢ⠨ኤߐࠇࠆߴ߈ኻ⽎㗔ၞߢ޽ࠆޕㄭઍߩਥᮭ࿖ኅ (sovereign nations)ߦ߅޿ߡޔࡒࠪࠚ࡞࡮ࡈ࡯ࠦ࡯ߩ޿߁ޟੱญޠޔߔߥࠊߜޟᏒ᳃ߩ↢ᵴ㧔↢๮㧕ޠ ߇ޔޟ⛔ᴦᮭജޠߦࠃߞߡⷙ೙ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ቴ૕㧔ኻ⽎㧕ߣߒߡޔߪߓ߼ߡᱧผߩ⥰บߦ⊓႐ߒߡߊ ࠆ㧔ධ: 2007, 293-301 㗁㧕ޕㄭઍ࿖ኅߦ߅޿ߡޟᐘ⑔ߥᏒ᳃↢ᵴޠߩታ⃻߇ਥᮭ⠪ߦ⺖ߖࠄࠇߚ ⛔ᴦ⟵ോߩ໧㗴ߣߒߡ⥄Ꮖ⹺⼂ߐࠇߚߣ߈ޔᧄ᧪ޔฎઍㇺᏒ࿖ኅߩޟኅ᡽ޠ⺰ߢߒ߆ߥ߆ߞߚ⚻ ᷣቇ߇ޔਥᮭ࿖ኅߩޟ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇޠߣߥࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

㧟㧚ࠬࡒࠬߩ⛔ᴦ⺰ߣ⚻ᷣቇᚑ┙ߩࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ ̆̆ޟᮭᆭߩේℂޠߣޟഞ೑ߩේℂޠ ࠬࡒࠬߩ⛔ᴦ⺰ߪޔޡᴺቇ⻠⟵(A㧛B)ޢޟ౏ᴺޠ⺰ߦ߅޿ߡޔޟᮭᆭߩේℂޠߣޟഞ೑ߩේℂޠ ࠍ߼ߋࠆ⼏⺰ߣߒߡ⺰ߓࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔↰ਛ:1997㧕ޕำਥ᡽ߢߪޟᮭᆭ(authority)ޠ߇ޔ᳃ਥ᡽ߢ ߪޟഞ೑(utility)ޠ߇ᡰ㈩⊛ේℂߣߥࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔࠬࡒࠬߦࠃࠇ߫ޔߎߩੑߟߩේℂߪޔ ⒟ᐲߩᏅߎߘ޽ࠇޔߔߴߡߩ⛔ᴦᒻᘒߦ⹺߼ࠄࠇࠆߣ޿߁ޕޡ⻠⟵(A)ޢߢߪޔੑߟߩ⛔ᴦේℂߩ 㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡޔޟᮭᆭߩේℂ߇ޔഞ೑޽ࠆ޿ߪ৻⥸⊛೑⋉ߩේℂߩၮ␆ߢ޽ࠆޠ㧔LJ(A), p. 322㧕 ߣ޿߁ޔޡ⻠⟵(B)ޢࠃࠅ߽ߐࠄߦ〯ߺㄟࠎߛ㊀ⷐߥࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠍޔࠬࡒࠬߪᱷߒߡ޿ࠆޕߣߎࠈߢޔ ߎߩޟᮭᆭߩේℂޠ߇ޔޡ㆏ᓼᗵᖱ⺰ޢߩޟ᱑༑߳ߩหᗵ(sympathy with joy )ޠ⺰ߩㆡ↪ߢ޽ࠆ ߎߣߪޔޡ⻠⟵(B)ޢߦᱷߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠬࡒࠬ⥄りߩ⸒᣿߆ࠄ᣿ࠄ߆ߣߥࠆޕޟንߩఝ⿧ߪޔ࡮࡮࡮ᮭ ᆭࠍ޽ߚ߃ࠆߩߦᓎߛߟޕߎߩߎߣߪޔ⽺⠪ߩን⠪ߦߚ޿ߔࠆߥࠎࠄ߆ߩଐሽ㑐ଥ߆ࠄߢࠆߩߢ ߪߥ޿ޕߥߗߥࠄޔ⽺⠪ߪ৻⥸ߦ⁛┙ߒߡ޿ߡޔ߆ࠇࠄߩഭ௛ߦࠃߞߡ⥄ಽߚߜࠍ⛽ᜬߒߡ޿ࠆ ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠅޔߘࠇߢ߽߆ࠇࠄߪޔን⠪߆ࠄߥࠎߩଢ⋉߽ᦼᓙߒߥ޿ߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔን⠪ࠍዅᢘ ߔࠆߣ޿߁ᒝ޿ᕈะࠍ߽ߞߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩේℂߪޔޡ㆏ᓼᗵᖱ⺰ޢߢ⹦ߒߊ⺑᣿ߐࠇߡ޿ߡޔߘߎߢ ߪߘࠇ߇ޔ਄૏⠪ߦߚ޿ߔࠆࠊࠇࠊࠇߩหᗵ߇ޔห╬⠪޽ࠆ޿ߪਅ૏⠪ߦߚ޿ߔࠆหᗵࠃࠅ߽ޔ ࠃࠅᄢ߈޿ߎߣ߆ࠄ↢ߓࠆߎߣ߇ޔ␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޠ㧔LJ(B), p.401, 32-33 㗁㧕ޕ ޟ᱑༑߳ߩหᗵޠ⺰ߪޔޡᗵᖱ⺰ޢ㧔ೋ ́౐ 㧕╙৻ㇱ╙㧞┨ޟ㊁ᔃߩ⿠Ḯߦߟ޿ߡޔ߅ࠃ߮ ⻉りಽߩ඙ಽߦߟ޿ߡޠߩਛᔃ࠹࡯ࡑߢ޽ࠆޕࠬࡒࠬߪޔޟን⠪ߣ᦭ജ⠪ߩᖱᔨߦߟ޿ߡ޿ߊߣ޿ ߁ޔੱ㘃ߩߎߩᕈะߩ߁߃ߦޔ⻉りಽߩ඙ಽߣ␠ળߩ⒎ᐨߣ߇߈ߕ߆ࠇࠆޠ㧔TMS, p.52, (਄)134 㗁㧕ߣߒߡޔን⠪߿᦭ജ⠪ߩޟᮭᆭޠ߇ᓐࠄߩ⥄Ꮖᗧ⼂ߣߒߡᒻᚑߐࠇࠆᰴ╙ࠍޔᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⸥ ߒߡ޿ࠆޕޟን⠪߇⽷↥ߦߟ޿ߡ⹶ࠆߩߪޔߘߩ⽷↥߇⥄ὼߦޔ਎㑆ߩᵈ⋡ࠍ⥄ಽߦะߌߐߖࠆߎ ߣࠍޔߘߒߡޔን⠪ߩႺㆄߩ᦭೑ߐ߇ߘࠇ߶ߤኈᤃߦ⥄ࠄࠍ߆߈┙ߡࠆᔟㆡߥᖱേߩߔߴߡߦߟ ޿ߡޔ⥄ಽߦߟ޿ߡ޿ߎ߁ߣߔࠆ᳇ᜬࠍ߽ߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍޔን⠪߇ᗵߓߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޠ㧔TMS, pp.50-1, (਄)132 㗁㧕ޕ  ߎߩޟ᱑༑߳ߩหᗵޠ⺰߇ޔ⥄ಽߩႺㆄࠍᡷༀߔߴߊޔን⠪޽ࠆ޿ߪ਄૏⠪ߩޟ⽷↥ޠ㧔ን㧕ࠍ ᳞߼ߡ┹੎ߔࠆ৻⥸ߩੱ߮ߣߩޟ⥄↱ޠߥ⚻ᷣⴕὑ߆ࠄޔ᡽ᴦ⊛ߥᡰ㈩́ᓥዻ㑐ଥ߇↢߹ࠇࠆߣ ޿߁ޔࠬࡒࠬߩ⛔ᴦ㧔ᮭജ㧕⺰ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߪ᣿ࠄ߆ߢ޽ࠆޕߘࠇߣหᤨߦޔߎߩ⛔ᴦᮭജ⺰ࠍޔ ޡᗵᖱ⺰ޢ╙྾ㇱߩ޿ࠊࠁࠆޟ᱂⍆ޠℂ⺰ߣ㑐ㅪߐߖߡ⺒߼߫㧔↰ਛ:2003, 10 㗁㧕ޔޟ⽷↥ޠ㧔ን㧕 ࠍㅊ᳞ߔࠆੱ߮ߣߩ⥄↱ߥ⚻ᷣⴕὑߩޟᗧ࿑ߖߑࠆ⚿ᨐޠߣߒߡޔ␠ળో૕ߩޟን⵨ޠ㧔౏౒ߩ೑

－23－ ⋉㧕߇ታ⃻ߐࠇࠆߣ޿߁ޟ⥄ὼ⊛⥄↱ޠߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐ߇ޔߎߩޟ᱑༑߳ߩหᗵޠ⺰ߩⵣ㕙ߦ⚵ߺㄟ ߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߽ޔߪߞ߈ࠅߣ⷗ߡߣࠇࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕߟ߹ࠅޔޟ᱑༑߳ߩหᗵޠ⺰ Јޟ᱂⍆ޠℂ ⺰ࠍ߼ߋࠆࠬࡒࠬߩ᭴ᗐࠍⷐ⚂ߔࠇ߫ޔ⽷↥㧔ን㧕ࠍ᳞߼ߡⴕേߔࠆㄭઍੱߩ⥄↱ߥ⚻ᷣᵴേ߇ޔ ޟ໡ᬺ␠ળޠߩ⛔ᴦᮭജ㧔᡽ᴦᡰ㈩㧕ࠍഃ಴ߔࠆߣหᤨߦޔ޽ࠊߖߡߘߩ␠ળߩޟን⵨ޠ㧔౏౒ߩ ೑⋉㧕ࠍ߽หᤨߦታ⃻ߔࠆޔߣ޿߁ࡠࠫ࠶ࠢߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕߘࠇࠁ߃ࠬࡒࠬߩ⹺⼂ߢߪޔޟ⚻ᷣޠ ߣޟ⛔ᴦޠߩ໧㗴߇ޔޟ⽷↥ޠ㧔ን㧕ࠍᇦ੺㗄ߣߒߡޔኒធਇนಽߦ⚿߮ߟ޿ߡ޿ߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ ࠬࡒࠬߪޔ␠ળߩ਄૏⠪㧔᦭ജ⠪ߣን⠪㧕ߩޟንߣ࿾૏ޠ߇ޟ⧷⍮ߣᓼޠߩ߰ߐࠊߒ޿ߣᕁߞ ߡޔ␠ળߩਅ૏⠪㧔৻⥸Ꮢ᳃㧕߇ንߣ⽷↥ࠍ᳞߼ߎߣࠍޔޟ᱂⍆ޠߢ޽ࠅޔ߹ߞߚߊߩޟᐛᗐޠߦ ߔ߉ߥ޿ޔߣ⺰ߓߡ޿ࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔޟ᱑༑߳ߩหᗵޠ߇ޟᐛᗐޠ߿ޟ᱂⍆ޠߢ޽ࠆߣㅀߴࠄࠇߡ޿ ࠆ߆ࠄߣ޿ߞߡޔ㧔৻ㇱߦߘߩࠃ߁ߥ⺋⸃߽޽ࠆ߇㧕ࠬࡒࠬߩ⼏⺰ࠍޔ⃻ታ⊛ᩮ᜚ࠍ߽ߚߥ޿ⓨ⺰ ߛߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߦℂ⸃ߒߡߪߥࠄߥ޿ߛࠈ߁ޕߣ޿߁ߩߪޔޟ᱑༑߳ߩหᗵޠߦࠃߞߡޟ⻉りಽߩ඙ ಽߣ␠ળߩ⒎ᐨޠ߇⛽ᜬߐࠇࠆߩߪޔ⽷↥㧔ን㧕ࠍ᳞߼ߡⴕേߔࠆ␠ળߩᄙᢙߩੱ߮ߣ߇ޔᓐࠄ ߩ⥄↱ߥ೑Ꮖᔃㅊ᳞ᵴേߩ⚿ᨐߣߒߡޔ↢ᵴߩ⼾߆ߐ㧔↢ᵴߩะ਄㧕ࠍታᗵߢ߈ࠆޔߣ޿߁ߎߣ ߇೨ឭߣߥࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߐߡޔࠬࡒࠬߩ⛔ᴦ⺰ࠍߎߩࠃ߁ߦ⸃㉼ߢ߈ࠆߣߔࠇ߫ޔ⚻ᷣቇߩᒻᚑ㧔ޡ࿖ን⺰ޢߩᚑ┙㧕 ໧㗴ߦ㑐ㅪߒߡޔߎߎߢឭ⿠ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⺖㗴ߪޔએਅߩਃὐߦᢛℂࠍߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ 㧔㧝㧕⛔ᴦ㧔ᮭജ㧕⺰ߣߒߡߩ⚻ᷣቇ ⽷↥ߩਇᐔ╬㧔ᚲᓧᩰᏅ㧕߇߹ߔ߹ߔ᜛ᄢߒߡࠁߊޟᢥ᣿␠ળޠߦ޽ߞߡޔ␠ળߩᄙᢙߩੱ߮ ߣ߇ޟን⵨ޠࠍታᗵߔࠆߎߣߪޔߪߚߒߡน⢻ߥߩ߆ߤ߁߆ޕ߹ߚน⢻ߛߣߔࠇ߫ޔߘࠇߪ޿߆ ߦߒߡ߆ޕᢥ᣿␠ળߩ⛔ᴦࠍᱜᒰൻߒ߁ࠆޔߎߩࠃ߁ߥࡠࠫ࠶ࠢ㧔ߘࠇߣ߽ࡑࠫ࠶ࠢ㧫㧕ࠍน⢻ ߣߔࠆ⃻ታ⊛ᩮ᜚ߩ⸃᣿߇ޔޟౝ᡽ޠ⺰ߦ߅ߌࠆࠬࡒࠬಽᬺ⺰ߩ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆޕ 㧔㧞㧕ޟ⥄↱ޠ⺰ࠍ߼ߋࠆੑߟߩવ⛔㧔ㄭઍ⥄ὼᴺቇߣฎౖ⊛౒๺ਥ⟵㧕 ୘ੱߩᚲ᦭ᮭߩ⏕┙ߣ⥄↱ߩ᜛ᄢߪޔᢥ᣿␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆޟో⥸⊛ን⵨ޠታ⃻ߩ೙ᐲ⊛᧦ઙߣߒ ߡޔࠬࡒࠬ⥄り߽㊀ⷞߔࠆߣߎࠈߢ޽ࠆޕߒ߆ߒߘࠇߣหᤨߦޔᢥ᣿␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆን⵨ߩჇㅴ߇ ⽷↥ߩਇᐔ╬ࠍ᜛ᄢߒޔߘࠇߦࠃߞߡ⛔ᴦᮭജ㧔᡽ᴦᡰ㈩㧕߇ᒝൻߐࠇࠆߣ޿߁⹺⼂߽ޔߎࠇ߹ ߚࠬࡒࠬߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧔┻ᧄ:2005, 110-12 㗁㧕ޕߎࠇߪޔㄭઍ⥄ὼᴺቇߦࠃߞߡၮ␆ߠߌࠆޟᮭ ೑ޠ㧩ޟ⥄↱ޠ⺰ߩ㒢⇇ࠍ⷗ᝪ߃ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅޔ࡞࠰࡯ߩᢥ᣿␠ળⷰࠍ৻㕙ߢߪࠬࡒࠬ߇᣿⏕ߦ ౒᦭ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ‛⺆ߞߡ޿ࠆ㧔Cf. Rasmussen: 2008㧕ޕޟን⵨ޠ߇␠ળߩ㓈ޘߦ߹ߢⴕ߈ࠊ ߚࠆᢥ᣿␠ળߩޟ⛔ᴦޠ㧔ᮭജ࡮ᡰ㈩㧕ߣޟ⥄↱ޠߩ໧㗴ޔߎࠇ߇ޔޡᗵᖱ⺰ޢ౐ ᡷ⸓ߩࡔࠗࡦ ࠹࡯ࡑߢ޽ࠆฎౖ⊛ᓼᕈ⺰࡮ౣ⥝ߩࡕ࠴࡯ࡈߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧔ᷰㄝ:2006㧕ޕ 㧔㧟㧕㊀໡ਥ⟵ᛕ್ߣߒߡߩޟ⥄ὼ⊛⥄↱ߩ૕೙ޠߣޟᔅⷐޠߩ᡽ᴦቇ ࠬࡒࠬߪޔ୘ੱߩ⥄↱ߥ೑Ꮖᔃㅊ᳞ᵴേࠍᅹߍࠆ㊀໡ਥ⟵⊛ߥ࿖ኅ⛔೙ࠍޔޟᱜ⟵ߣⴧᐔޠߩ ⷰὐ߆ࠄ෩ߒߊᛕ್ߔࠆ⚻ᷣ⊛⥄↱ਥ⟵ߩ㑵჻ߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔߒ߆ߒޔหߓ୘ੱߩ⥄↱ߥ⚻ᷣⴕὑ߇ޔ ޟ౏౒ߩ೑⋉ޠ㧔ో⥸⊛ን⵨߿ᐔ๺㧕ߦ᦭ኂߣߥࠆߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߥࠤ࡯ࠬߢߪޔߘ߁ߒߚ⑳⊛೑⋉ ࠍㅊ᳞ߔࠆ୘ੱߩᮭ೑㧔⥄↱㧕ߩ೙㒢߽ޔޟᔅⷐޠߩ᡽ᴦቇߩ┙႐߆ࠄޟߥߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠅ⸵ߐ ࠇ߁ࠆޔᮭᆭ޽ࠆ┙ᴺ⠪ߩⴕὑޠߛߣਥᒛߒߡ޿ࠆޕߒߚ߇ߞߡޔޟฦ୘ੱߪޔ⥄ಽ⥄りߩ೑⋉ࠍ ㅊ᳞ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡޔߒ߫ߒ߫( frequentlyާnaturally, or rather necessarily ߢߪߥ޿㧍ި)ޔታ 㓙ߦ␠ળߩ೑⋉ࠍផㅴߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ߫޽޿ࠃࠅ߽ലᨐ⊛ߦޔߘࠇࠍផㅴߔࠆޠ㧔WN, p.428,(2)304 㗁㧕ߣ޿߁ޔ޿ࠊࠁࠆޟ⷗߃ߑࠆᚻޠߩ⺰ℂߪޔࠬࡒࠬߩ࡝ࡃ࠲࡝ࠕࡦት⸒ߢ߽ߥߌࠇ߫ޔࡂࠗ ࠛࠢߩޟ⥄↢⊛⚻ᷣ⒎ᐨޠߣ߽หߓ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿ޔߣ޿߁ߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆޕ

ޡ࿖ን⺰ޢ㧔㨃㧺㧕࡮ޡ㆏ᓼᗵᖱ⺰ޢ㧔TMS㧕࡮ޡᴺቇ⻠⟵ޢ㧔LJ(A)㧛(B)㧕࡮ޡືቇ⺰ᢥ㓸ޢ㧔EPS㧕

－24－ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第一会場

ߪޔࠣ࡜ࠬࠧ࠙ ߩᒰ⹥㗁ࠍ␜ߔޕ⸶ᢥߦߟ޿ߡߪޔEP ߪ᳓↰ᵗ߶߆⸶㧔ฬฎደᄢቇ಴ ળ㧕ࠍޔ ߘࠇએᄖߩ߽ߩߪห⋙⸶߅ࠃ߮ห⸶㧔ጤᵄᢥᐶ㧕ࠍෳᾖޕ

ޣෳ⠨ᢥ₂ޤ Haakonssen .1981 he iene o eislator the atural Jurisruene o ai Hume an am mith Cambrie .P.㧔᳗੗⟵㓶࡮㋈ᧁା㓶࡮Ꮢጟ⟵┨ ⸶ޡ┙ᴺ⠪ߩ⑼ቇ ࠺ࠗࡧࠖ࠶࠼࡮ࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߣࠕ࠳ࡓ࡮ࠬࡒࠬߩ⥄ὼᴺ ቇޢޔࡒࡀ࡞ࡧࠔᦠᚱޔ2001 ᐕ㧕 Porter R.1981“he Enlihtenment in Enlan” in he Enlihtenment in ational Contet es. b Porter R. an M. eih Cambrie .P. Rasmussen . C.2008 he Problem an Promise o Commerial oiet am mith’s Resonse to Rousseau Pennslania tate .P. kinner .1978 he ounations o Moern Politial houht 2 ols Cambrie .P.㧔㐷 㑆ㇺ༑㇢⸶ޡㄭઍ᡽ᴦᕁᗐߩၮ␆ ࡞ࡀ࠶ࠨࡦࠬ࡮ቬᢎᡷ㕟ߩᤨઍޢᤐ㘑 ␠ޔ2009 ᐕ㧕 tein P. 1999 Roman a in Euroean Histor Cambrie . P.㧔ደᢝੑ㇢⋙⸶㧛㑐⦟ᓼ࡮ ⮮ᧄᐘੑ⸶ޡࡠ࡯ࡑᴺߣ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄޢࡒࡀ࡞ࡧࠔᦠᚱޔ2003 ᐕ㧕 Woo .1994 ounations o Politial Eonom ome Earl uor ies on tate an oiet niersit o Caliornia Press ┻ᧄ ᵗ2005ޡޡ࿖ን⺰ޢࠍ⺒߻ ̆̆ ࡧ࡚ࠖࠫࡦߣ⃻ታޢ㧔ฬฎደᄢቇ಴ ળ㧕 ↰ਛᱜม1988ޡࠕ࠳ࡓ࡮ࠬࡒࠬߩ⥄ὼᴺቇ ̆̆ ࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߣ⚻ᷣቇߩ↢⺀ޢ㧔ᓮ⨥ߩ᳓ᦠ ᚱ㧕ޝ╙ੑ 㧦2003 ᐕޞ ห 1997aޡࠕ࠳ࡓ࡮ࠬࡒࠬߩ୶ℂቇ ̆̆ޡ㆏ᓼᗵᖱ⺰ޢߣޡ࿖ን⺰ޢ㧔਄Ꮞ㧕ޢ㧔ห਄㧕 ห 1997bޡࠕ࠳ࡓ࡮ࠬࡒࠬߩ୶ℂቇ ̆̆ޡ㆏ᓼᗵᖱ⺰ޢߣޡ࿖ን⺰ޢ㧔ਅᏎ㧕ޢ㧔ห਄㧕 ห 2003ޡ⚻ᷣቇߩ↢⺀ߣޡᴺቇ⻠⟵ޢ̆̆ ࠕ࠳ࡓ࡮ࠬࡒࠬߩⴕ᡽ේℂ⺰⎇ⓥޢ㧔ᓮ⨥ߩ ᳓ᦠᚱ㧕 ↰ਛ⑲ᄦ1997ޟᮭᆭߩේℂߣഞ೑ߩේℂ ̆̆ ࡅࡘ࡯ࡓ㧘ࠬࡒࠬ㧘ࡒ࡜࡯ޠޔޡᕁᗐޢ879 ࿯੗⟤ᓼ2006ޡࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ┙ᙗ᡽ᴦߩḮᵹ ̆̆ ೨ᦼࠬ࠹ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ᤨઍߩ⛔ᴦߣޟฎ᧪ߩ࿖೙ޠ ⺰ޢ㧔ᧁ㐇␠㧕 ᣂ᧛ ⡡1994ޡ⚻ᷣቇߩᚑ┙ ̆̆ ࠕ࠳ࡓ࡮ࠬࡒࠬߣㄭઍ⥄ὼᴺቇޢ㧔ᓮ⨥ߩ᳓ᦠᚱ㧕 ⧐⾐ ቞1993ޟࡌࠗࠦࡦߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐޠޔ⧎↰࿻੺✬ޡࡈ࡜ࡦࠪࠬ࡮ࡌࠗࠦࡦ⎇ⓥޢ㧔ᓮ⨥ߩ᳓ᦠ ᚱ㧕 ධ లᒾ 2007ޡਛ਎ำਥ೙߆ࠄㄭઍ࿖ኅℂᕈ߳ޢ㧔ᚑᢥၴ㧕 ᷰㄝᕺ৻2006ޟࠕ࠳ࡓ࡮ࠬࡒࠬߣฎౖ⊛౒๺ਥ⟵ߩౣ⥝ ̆̆ ޡ㆏ᓼᗵᖱ⺰ޢ㧔ೋ 㧕⎇ⓥᐨ⺑ޠޔ ↰ਛ⑲ᄦ࡮ጊ⣁⋥ม✬ޡ౒๺ਥ⟵ߩᕁᗐⓨ㑆ޢ㧔ฬฎደᄢቇ಴ ળ㧕 ห 2008ޟޡ┙ᴺ⠪ߩ⑼ቇޢߣߒߡߩ⚻ᷣቇ ̆̆ ࠕ࠳ࡓ࡮ࠬࡒࠬߦ߅ߌࠆ໪⫥ߣ⚻ᷣቇޠޔ ↰ਛ⑲ᄦ✬⪺ޡ໪⫥ߩࠛࡇࠬ࠹࡯ࡔߣ⚻ᷣቇߩ↢⺀ޢ㧔੩ㇺᄢቇቇⴚ಴ ળ㧕

－25－ ᣿ᴦ໪⫥ߦ߅ߌࠆ⚻ᷣᕁᗐ ̆̆ ⑔ᴛ⻀ศࠍਛᔃߦ ̆̆

 ↢ ⿧ ೑ ᤘ㧔౓ᐶ⋵┙ᄢቇ㧕 㧝㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆ໪⫥ߩ໧㗴ߪޔ᣿ᴦ⛽ᣂ೨ᓟߩᣣᧄ␠ળࠍᏨᏎߒߚޟᢥ᣿㐿ൻޠߩേ߈ో૕ࠍ ޟ᣿ᴦ໪⫥ޠߣ๭߱ߎߣߦࠃߞߡޔޟ㊁ⱄ߆ࠄᢥ᣿߳ߩᱧผ⊒ዷᲑ㓏ޠߩ৻ᤨᦼߣߒߡᝒ߃ޔߘ ߩᄙ㕙⊛஥㕙߇⺰ߓࠄࠇߡ߈ߚޕߚߛߒޔߎߩޟ᣿ᴦ໪⫥ޠ᭎ᔨߪ᣿⏕ߥቯ⟵߇ߥߐࠇߥ޿߹ ߹ޔߘߩౝኈߦߟ޿ߡߪฦ⎇ⓥ⠪ߩ⁛⥄ߥⷰὐߦછߐࠇߡ߈ߚޕߘࠇࠁ߃ޔߎߩ᭎ᔨࠍ૶↪ߔ ࠆએ਄ޔߎࠇࠍ᣿⏕ߦቯ⟵ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔߘߩ⺖㗴ߪઁߩᯏળߦ⼑ࠆߎߣߦ ߒߡޔᧄႎ๔ߢߪޔ◲⇛ߦޟ᣿ᴦ⛽ᣂ೨ᓟߩㄭઍൻޔ․ߦᕁᗐᄌ㕟ࠍᩭߣߒߚ᡽ᴦ⊛ޔ⚻ᷣ⊛ޔ ␠ળ⊛ޔᢥൻ⊛ߥ৻ᄢᄌ㕟ߩ✚⒓ޠߣⷙቯߒޔߘߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐߩ໧㗴ߦὶὐࠍ⛉ࠅߚ޿ޕ ޟ᣿ᴦ໪⫥ߦ߅ߌࠆ⚻ᷣᕁᗐޠߣ⸒߁႐วޔ߹ߕᗐ⿠ߐࠇࠆߩߪ⑔ᴛ⻀ศߩ੐଀ߢ޽ࠅޔ⑔ ᴛߣߩ㑐ଥ߆ࠄઁߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐߦធㄭߔࠆߩ߇ᦨ߽ಽ߆ࠅ߿ߔ޿ߛࠈ߁ޕߘߎߢᧄႎ๔ߢߪޔޟ⑔ ᴛߦ߅ߌࠆ໪⫥ߣ⚻ᷣᕁᗐߩ㑐ଥޠߦὶὐࠍᒰߡޔ᣿ᴦ໪⫥ߦ߅ߌࠆ⚻ᷣᕁᗐߩ໧㗴ߦㄼߞߡ ޿߈ߚ޿ޕ

㧞㧚⑔ᴛ⻀ศߦ߅ߌࠆޟ⥄ਥ⁛┙ޠߣޟታቇޠ᭎ᔨ  ⑔ᴛ⻀ศߩᕁᗐ⺖㗴ߪޔޟ⁛┙⥄ዅޠߣ޿߁⺆ߦ⽎ᓽߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦޔᣥ᧪ߩଔ୯ⷰ߆ࠄ⣕ළߒ ߚ⥄↱ߥ୘ੱ߇ᣂߚߥଔ୯ⷰࠍᒻᚑߒޔᢥ᣿␠ળࠍ⏕┙ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ߞߚޕޟ౏ᥓ౏ᓼޠࠍ஻߃ ߚᏒ᳃߇ޟᢥ᣿࿖ޠߩᜂ޿ᚻߦߥࠆޔߣ޿߁ਥᒛ߇ߘߩ⽎ᓽ⊛⴫⃻ߢ޽ࠆޕ  ⚻ᷣᕁᗐߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ⷗ߡޔߎߩޟ⁛┙⥄ዅޠ᭎ᔨߩਛᩭߦޟ⚻ᷣ⊛⥄┙ޠ߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍᒝ⺞ ߒߡ߅ߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆޕ⁛┙ߣߪޟઁੱߩ⽷ߦଐࠄߑࠆ⁛┙ޠޟ᦭ᒻߩ⁛┙ޠޟ⥄ഭ⥄ᵴޠࠍၮ⋚ ߣߒߡ߅ࠅޔߎࠇ߇ታ⃻ߒߡೋ߼ߡޟήᒻߩ⁛┙ޠ߇น⢻ߣߥࠅޔኻ╬ߥ␠ળ㑐ଥ߇ᚑ┙ߔࠆޔ ߣ޿߁ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ  ⍮⊛㆏ᓼ⊛⊒㆐ࠍផㅴߒ⥄ਥ⁛┙ࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߚ߼ߦޔ⑔ᴛ߇ᦨ߽ᒝ⺞ߒߚߩߪቇ໧ߩ᥉෸ߢ ޽ࠆ߇ޔߎߩቇ໧߽ືቇ⊛ᕁᑯߦ⚳ᆎߔࠆޟ⯯ቇޠߢߪߥߊޔᣣᏱ↢ᵴߦᔅⷐߥታ〣⊛⍮⼂ࠍ ஻߃⥄ὼ߿␠ળࠍౣ᭴ᚑߒߡ޿ߊޟታቇޠߢߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ޕߎࠇߪޔᣣᏱ਎⇇ߦၒᴚߒߡ ޿ߚᣥ᧪ߩታቇߢߪߥߊޔ⑼ቇ⊛ߥේℂࠍ⸃᣿ߒߡ⃻ታ਎⇇ߦㆡ↪ߔࠆታ〣⊛ᛕ್⊛♖␹ࠍၮ ⋚ߣߒޔޟ⥄↱ߥ୘ੱߩ⥄Ꮖᗧ⼂ߩᒻᚑޠࠍᜂ߁ቇ໧ࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆޕ  ߎߩቇ໧ߩ߁ߜ⚻ᷣቇߪޔޟੱ㑆ߩ⴩㘩૑ࠍᢛℂߒޔੱࠍߒߡ቟ᭉߥࠄߒ߻ࠆᚲએߩቯೣޠࠍ ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆὐߢޔᦨ߽ታ〣⊛ߥቇ໧ߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔหᤨߦߘࠇߪޔฦ࿖ߩ⚻ᷣ੐ᖱ߇⇣ߥࠆߚ߼ㆡ วߔࠆޟቯೣޠ߽⇣ߥࠆߣ޿߁ὐߢޔᲑ㓏⊛⋧ኻ⊛ߥ߽ߩߦߥࠄߑࠆࠍ߃ߥ޿ޕ⑔ᴛߪޔߎߩ ታቇ᭎ᔨߦ┙ߞߡޔޟඨ㐿ޠᲑ㓏ߩᣣᧄߦᦨ߽ᔅⷐߥ߽ߩߣߒߡޔ⚻ᷣ⊛ᜂ޿ᚻߩᗧ⼂ߣⴕേߩ ᄌ㕟ࠍ᳞߼ߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕߎߎߦޔ᣿ᴦ໪⫥ߦ߅ߌࠆ⚻ᷣᕁᗐߩᧄ⾰⊛․ᓽ߇⴫⃻ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ

㧟㧚ታᬺߩᜂ޿ᚻ ᣿ᴦ26 ᐕ(1893 ᐕ)ߩ 3 ᦬߆ࠄ 4 ᦬ߦ߆ߌߡޡᤨ੐ᣂႎޢ␠⺑ߣߒߡ⊒⴫ߐࠇޔ5 ᦬ߦೀⴕ ߐࠇߚޡታᬺ⺰ޢߦ߅޿ߡޔ⑔ᴛߪޔ᣿ᴦ⛽ᣂᓟߩᢥ᣿㐿ൻߩᚑᨐߦ⥄ାࠍᷓ߼ߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔߘ ࠇߪኾࠄޟήᒻ♖␹਄ߩㅴᱠޠߦ㒢ࠄࠇޔޟ᦭ᒻታ‛਄ߩ᦭᭽ޠߪޟ↟ߛ㊰޿ޠߣߒߡޔታᬺ␠ ળߩㆃࠇࠍགྷ޿ߡ޿ࠆޕߘߩᦨᄢߩේ࿃߇ޔታᬺኅߩੱ᧚ਇ⿷ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߩ߇ޔ⑔ᴛߩ⹺⼂ ߢ޽ߞߚޕ  ታᬺ⇇ࠍേ߆ߒߡ޿ࠆੱ߮ߣࠍޔ⑔ᴛߪޟ⡯ੱ↸ੱߩヘޠޟቇ໧਄ߩᢎ⢒ߥ߈ߪ൩⺰ޔᄤ⒭ߩ

－26－ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第一会場

᳇ຠߐ߳↟ߛ㜞߆ࠄߕޠޟਅ㇢ޠߥߤߣ๭ࠎߢޔ෩ߒߊᛕ್ߒߡ޿ࠆޕߎ߁ߒߚੱ߮ߣߩੱຠߩ ඬߒߐޔᢎ⢒ߩߥߐࠍޔ⑔ᴛߪᦨ߽ህߞߡ޿ߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕߘࠇߦኻߒߡޔታᬺ⇇ࠍേ߆ߔੱ᧚ ߣߒߡ⑔ᴛ߇ផᅑߔࠆߩߪޔ჻ᣖ㓏ጀߢ޽ࠆޕߎࠇߪޟᧄ᧪ߩ჻ᣖ߆ޔὼࠄߑࠇ߫ઁᣖߩ჻ൻ ߒߚࠆ⠪ޠߢ޽ࠅޔߘߩઍ⴫ߣߒߡጤፒᒎᄥ㇢ߩฬࠍ᜼ߍߡ޿ࠆޕ ήᢎ⢒ߩㅢଶߩሶᒉߪޔᕈ⾰ᓥ㗅ߢޔᏱߦ໑ޘ⻌ޘޔᒰᐳߩ↪ࠍ⦟ߊᨐߚߒߡଢ೑ߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ ੐‛ߩシ㊀ࠍ⍮ࠄߕޔ⺋ߞߡᄢ੐ࠍ⎕ࠅޔ㕖Ᏹߦඬഠߥߚ߼᳿ߒߡ‽ߒߡߪߥࠄߥ޿ߎߣࠍ‽ ߒߡߒ߹߁ޕߘࠇߦኻߒߡቇ⠪ᦠ↢ᵹߪޔή㛽ή♖ߢቴࠍㅊ޿ᛄ߁⒟ߩᘒᐲߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔߘߩ᳇ ⾰ߪ⟤ߒߊᱜ⋥ߢޔዋߒߩᢎ߃ߢ߽‛ᔓࠇࠍߖߕޔ໡Ꮏߩᚢ႐ߦ߅޿ߡァ㓌ߩᜰើቭߩࠃ߁ߦ ᜰើߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕᦠ↢㘑ߪޔ໡ᄁ␠ળߦਇะ߈ߩࠃ߁ߦ⷗߃ࠆߌࠇߤ߽ޔߘߩᰳὐ߽ᔅ ⷐߦㄼࠄࠇߡ⥄ὼߦ㒰෰ߐࠇޔᶋ߈਎ߩ㘑ߦ็߆ࠇࠆߦᓥߞߡⓏ๺ߦߥࠆޕߎࠇ߆ࠄߩታᬺ⇇ ߢߪޔޟᢥᦠ⸒⺆ߘߩઁ৻ಾߩ੤㓙ᴺࠃࠅ໡ᄁߩขᒁᎿᬺߩ▤ℂᴺߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢޠᣂߚߥ໡ᴺ߇ᔅ ⷐߦߥࠆߚ߼ޔታᬺ⇇ߩోᮭߪޟ჻ᵹቇ⠪ߩᚻߦᏫߔࠆޠߎߣߪ⇼޿ߥ޿ޔߣ޿߁ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ ߎ߁ߒߚታᬺ⇇ߩ዁᧪ዷᦸߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔߘߩߚ߼ߩੱ᧚⏕଻߇಴᧪ߡ޿ߥ޿⃻⁁ࠍ⑔ᴛ ߪ෩ߒߊ♾ᒢߔࠆޕߘߩේ࿃ߪޔฦ⒳ቇᩞ߆ࠄヘ಴ߐࠇߚ᦭ὑߩੱ᧚߇ޟචਛ౎਻ቭㅜߩ৻ᣇ ߦ⿞߈ޔ̖ᚗߪቇᩞᢎᏧߣὑࠅޔᚗߪ⪺⠪ᣂ⡞⸥⠪ߣὑࠆ╬ޔീ߼ߡ♖␹਄ߩ੐ࠍ᳞߼ߡਯߦ ᒰߚࠄࠎߣߒߚޠߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆޕߘߩ⚿ᨐޔㅒߦ᡽ᐭߩ஥߆ࠄታᬺ⇇ߦญ಴ߒߒߡޔޟ໡ᄁᎿᬺߩ ᕁᗐ߽ߥߊޔታ㛎߽ߥ߈჻ᵹቇ⠪ヘ߇ޔᜰ࿑߇߹ߒߊਯࠍᡰ㈩ߖࠎߣߒߡᴺࠍ૞ࠆޠ੐ᘒߦߥ ߞߡ޿ࠆޕߎࠇߪޔޟ໡ᄁᎿᬺߩ੐ߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔᄢ⥄↱ᄢ⥄࿷ࠍ⸵ߒߡਯߦ৻છߒޔ໡Ꮏߩㆇേ ߦየߒߡ᡽ᐭ߽౒ߦㆇേߔน߈ޠߣ޿߁⚻ᷣ⊛⥄↱ߩේೣߦ෻ߔࠆ᥸᜼ߛߣ޿߁ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ ߎ߁ߒߚ⑔ᴛߩ⚻ᷣ⊛⥄↱ਥ⟵ߪޔ✕ᕆߥᱺ↥⥝ᬺߩߚ߼ߦ᡽ᐭߩవዉ࡮଻⼔࡮ᐓᷤ߇ᔅⷐ ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ⹺߼ߚ᣿ᴦೋᦼߩ㗃߆ࠄޔ৻⽾ߒߡᄌࠊࠄߥ߆ߞߚޕ᣿ᴦ 6 ᐕ(1873 ᐕ)ߩޡಽᮭ ⺰ޢߢޔޟవㅴవⷡߩੱ‛ޠ߇㓸߹ࠆ᡽ᐭߦࠃߞߡޟੱ᳃ߩ⌧⌁ࠍ᠄⎕ߒᗵⷡߖߒ߻ࠆߩ৻╷ޠ ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߣߒߥ߇ࠄ߽ޔߎࠇߪ޽ߊ߹ߢޟ‛ߩ࿑ࠍ↹߈౔㔇ᒻࠍㅧࠆนߒޔ౔ታ‛ࠍ⵾ߔ นࠄߕޠߥߩߢ޽ࠅޔޟ᡽ᐭ߇ੱ᳃ࠍᢎዉߔࠆޠ▸࿐ౝߩߎߣߢ޽ߞߚޕ᣿ᴦ 10 ᐕ(1877 ᐕ) ߩޡ᳃㑆⚻ᷣ㍳ޢߢ߽ޔ᣿ᴦ 13 ᐕ(1880 ᐕ)ߩޡ᳃㑆⚻ᷣ㍳ੑ✬ޢߢ߽ޔ᡽ᐭߩ⡯ಽߪ᳃㑆ߩ ಣ⟎ߢ߈ߧ▸࿐ߦ㒢ቯߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߎߣࠍ⏕⹺ߒߡ޿ࠆޕޡታᬺ⺰ޢᲑ㓏ߦߥࠆߣޔ᡽ᐭߩᢎ␜ࠍ ߽ߪ߿ᔅⷐߣߒߥ޿ߣߎࠈ߹ߢታᬺ␠ળ߇⊒ዷߒޔޟ໡Ꮏ␠ળߪޔ೨ㅜᵗޘᤐᶏߩᅤߊߥࠆޠߣ ޿߁⹺⼂ߦ⥋ߞߡ޿ࠆޕߛ߆ࠄߎߘ৻ጀޔ⑔ᴛߪޔታᬺ⇇ࠍ▤ℂ࡮ᜰዉߔࠆੱ᧚ߩᔅⷐᕈࠍᗵ ߓߚߩߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ

㧠㧚⚻ᷣੱߩ᧦ઙ  ታᬺ⇇ߢᵴべߔࠆੱ᧚ߩ⾗⾰ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔޡ᳃㑆⚻ᷣ㍳ޢߢ᣿⏕ߦޟ⚻ᷣߦᄢಾߥࠆ߽ߩߪޔ ᥓᕺߣ୿⚂ߣᱜ⋥ߣޔᱝਃ▎᧦ߥࠅޠߣ⴫⃻ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ⴩㘩૑ߩ‛ࠍ૞ࠆജᓎ⠪㧔⡺૕ഭ௛ ⠪㧕ߪޟりઍࠍ૞ࠅ෶ቇ໧ߦᔒߒߡޠᥓ⠪㧩ᔃഭ⠪㧔ቇ⠪࡮ᓎੱ㧕ߦଐሽߖߕ⁛┙ߒޔਔ⠪ߩ ኻ╬ߥදജ㑐ଥࠍ▽ߊߴ߈ߣߒߡ޿ࠆޕりઍࠍ૞ࠆߦߪ୿⚂߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠅޔߘߩ⋡⊛ߪ⴩㘩ච ಽߢኅౝ቟ᭉߩ↢ᵴޔሶᒉᢎ⢒ߦࠃࠆ╙ੑઍ⋡ߩ⢒ᚑޔ⥄ਥ⁛┙ߩ♖␹ߢ޽ࠆޕᱜ⋥ߪޔ⚻ᷣ ᵴേߦᦨ߽⢄ⷐߥޟ⚂᧤ࠍ㆑ࠊߧߎߣޠࠍᗧ๧ߒޔᱜ⋥ߦࠃߞߡା↪ࠍൎߜขࠅޔޟᓼᦸ޽ࠆੱޠ ߦߥࠆߎߣ߇⚻ᷣ⊛ၮ⋚ࠍਈ߃ࠆޕ  ޡ᳃㑆⚻ᷣ㍳╙ੑ✬ޢߢߪޔ⚻ᷣߩⷐ߇೑⋉㧩ንߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ⏕⹺ߒߚ਄ߢޔᄢ೑⋉ߩ໡ᴺ ߢᄬᢌߔࠆ⠪߇ᄙ޿ߣߒߡޔޟ᳗㆙ߩዊ೑⋉ޠߦḩ⿷ߒޟ⽺ን෺ᣇߩଢ೑ޠࠍ⋡ᜰߔߴ߈ߛߣ⸒ ߁ޕߎࠇߦߪሶᒉᢎ⢒ߦࠃࠆኅฬ⋧⛯ޔ⽷↥⛮ᛚ߇ᦨ߽ലᨐ⊛ߢ޽ࠆߣߒߡޔޟን⽕ߩሶᒉߩᢎ ⢒ޠ߇ᅑബߐࠇࠆޕߘߒߡޔߎߩᢎ⢒ߩᄢಾߐࠍᦨ߽ࠃߊ⍮ࠅታ〣ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߪ჻ᣖ㓏ጀߢ޽

－27－ ࠆߣ޿߁੐ታ߆ࠄޔ჻ᣖᦠ↢ᵹߩታቇᢎ⢒ߩᚑᨐ߇ታᬺ⇇ߩᜂ޿ᚻࠍଏ⛎ߒޔߘߩੱ᧚㔍ࠍᛄ ᜞ߒߡᱺ↥⥝ᬺߦ⽸₂ߔࠆߣ޿߁ዷᦸࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆޕߎߎߦߪޔ჻ᣖጀ߇ታᬺ⇇ߩᜂ޿ᚻߦߥ ࠅޔޟ࿖ജߩᄢㇱಽࠍ჻ᣖᦠ↢ߩᚻߦ᝿ីߔࠆޠ⚿ᨐޔߘߩၷታߥ⚻༡ߩ߅㒶ߢ⽺⠪߇ᕲᕺࠍฃ ߌࠆߣ޿߁࿑ᑼ߇ឬ߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ  ⑔ᴛߪޔ໪⫥ᕁᗐኅߩ․⾰ߣߒߡޔ⫥ᤒߥᄢⴐࠍᢎ⢒࡮ᜰዉߔࠆ⍮⼂ੱጀߩᓎഀࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆ ࠛ࡝࡯࠻ਥ⟵ࠍᒰೋ߆ࠄᛴᙬߒߡ޿ߚޕޡቇ໧ߩߔࠒ߼ޢߢޟࡒ࠶࠸࡞ࠞ࡜࠶ࠬޠ㧔ਛ↥㓏⚖㧕 ߇ᄢⴐࠍᜰዉߔࠆߎߣ߇ᢥ᣿ߩ⿠ὐߢ޽ࠆߣ᣿⸒ߒޔޡᢥ᣿⺰ߩ᭎⇛ޢߢߪޔ჻ᣖએ਄ߩ⠪ࠍޟᴦ ⠪ޠ㧔᡽ᴦᜰዉ⠪㧕ߣߒߡޟㄘ໡એਅⵍᴦ⠪ߩ⒳ᣖޠߣ඙ಽߒޔㄘ໡ᐼ᳃ߦኻߔࠆ෩ߒ޿⷗ᣇࠍ

ߚ޿ߎߏ߁ߩ߁ 㐿㒸ߒߡ޿ࠆޕޟฎ᧪ᄢ⾘⽕ㄘߩኅࠍ⥝ߒߚࠆ⠪ޠߪޟ⊖ߦ਻ච਻ߪήቇήⴚߩ㊁ੱߦߒߡޔ̖

ࠅࠎߒࠂߊ ࠃࠅ ߚߛ ̖໑ ิ༨ ߩ৻ᣇߦ↱ߡ⫾Ⓧߒߚࠆ⠪ߩߺޕޠޟਅᵹߩੱߦߪ໑㌛ࠍᅢߺޔ⡺૕ߩ᰼ߦᄺߕࠆߩ৻

ర⚛޽ࠆ߇ᅤߒޕޠߎߩࠃ߁ߥࠛ࡝࡯࠻ਥ⟵ߪޔޡታᬺ⺰ޢߦ߅޿ߡ჻ᣖጀߦࠃࠆታᬺ⇇ߩ▤ℂ࡮ ᜰዉߣ޿߁ᒻߢౣ⃻ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕ  ߒߚ߇ߞߡޔ⑔ᴛߩឬߊታᬺ⇇ߩੱ᧚㧔⚻ᷣੱ㧕ߩਛߢޔഭ௛⠪㧩ജᓎ⠪ߪ㊀ⷐߥ૏⟎ࠍਈ ߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ޕ਄ㅀߩㅢࠅޔᓐࠄ߇りઍࠍ૞ࠅቇ໧ࠍᔒߒ⁛┙ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ୿⚂ߪᅑബߐࠇࠆ ߇ޔߘࠇߪ⽺⠪߆ࠄን⠪߳ߩ਄᣹ߩน⢻ᕈࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆߦߔ߉ߕޔߘࠇࠍታ⃻ߔࠆౕ૕⊛ߥ㆏╭ ߿ߘߩᓟߩ␠ળዷᦸߪ␜ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ޕ⚿ዪޔഭ௛⠪ߪޟ⾗ᧄߩᅛ㓮ߚࠆ⽺⠪ޠߣ⴫⃻ߐࠇޔ 㓹↪⾗ᧄߩჇᄢߦࠃߞߡ઀੐ࠍ᝼߆ࠅޔ⥄ᵴߔࠆജࠍਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆฃേ⊛ሽ࿷ߣߒߡ૏⟎ߠߌࠄ ࠇߡ޿ࠆߦߔ߉ߥ޿ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

㧡㧚⾗ᧄᒻᚑ  ਄ߢㅀߴߚޟ᳗㆙ߩዊ೑⋉ޠߦࠃࠆޟ⽺ን෺ᣇߩଢ೑ޠࠍ⋡ᜰߔ቟ቯ⚻༡ߩߚ߼ߦߪޔ⾗↥ ࠍ੐ᬺߦᛩߓߡ㓹↪⾗ᧄߣߒߡᯏ⢻ߐߖޔ⽺⠪ߦ઀੐ࠍਈ߃ߡᢇᷣߔࠆ⚿ᨐޔᄢᎿᬺࠍ⊒ዷߐ ߖࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆޕ⑔ᴛߦߣߞߡޟᱺ↥⥝ᬺޠߩᦨ⚳⋡⊛ߪ⽺⠪ߦ઀੐ࠍਈ߃⼾߆ߦߔࠆ ߎߣߢ޽ࠅޔߘߩߚ߼ߦ߽㓹↪⾗ᧄߩᒻᚑ߇ᦨᄢߩ⺖㗴ߢ޽ߞߚޕ  ߎߩ⾗ᧄᒻᚑߩᚻᲑߣߒߡޔ⑔ᴛߪᒰೋ߆ࠄޔᄖ࿖⾏ᤃߦࠃࠆ⽻ᐊ₪ᓧߣ޿߁㊀໡ਥ⟵᡽╷ ࠍ໒߃ߡ޿ߚޕ᣿ᴦ 8 ᐕ(1875 ᐕ)ߦߪޔ⾏ᤃᏅ㗵ߩ㤥ሼߦࠃࠆ⾗㊄₪ᓧࠍᄖ࿖⾏ᤃߩ⋡⊛ߣߒ ߡឝߍޔޟ৻ᣇߩᓧߪઁᣇߩ៊ޠߣ޿߁┹ว⊛ߥᄖ࿖⾏ᤃⷰࠍ⴫⃻ߒߟߟޔ㐿᷼એ᧪ߩ⾏ᤃ߇ᣣ ᧄߦ៊ᄬࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆ⃻⁁ࠍᛕ್ߒߡ޿ࠆޕޡᢥ᣿⺰ߩ᭎⇛ޢߢ߽ޟ੹ߩ਎⇇ߪ໡ᄁߣᚢ੎ߩ਎ ߩਛޠߣߒߡޔᏢ࿖ਥ⟵⊛ߥⷓᮭ┹੎ߩਛߢᣣᧄߩ೑⋉ࠍ޿߆ߦ଻⼔ߔࠆ߆ߩ⾏ᤃᚢ⇛ࠍ᭴ᗐ ߒߡ޿ߚޕߐࠄߦ᣿ᴦ 20~30 ᐕઍߦߥࠆߣޔᄖ࿖⾏ᤃࠍේേജߣߒߥ߇ࠄ࿖ౝ⵾ㅧᬺࠍ⊒ዷߐ ߖࠆ໡Ꮏ┙࿖᭴ᗐࠍዷ㐿ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆޕ᣿ᴦ 31 ᐕߩޡᤨ੐ᣂႎޢ␠⺑ޟ໡Ꮏ┙࿖ߩᄖߦ㆏ ߥߒޠߦ߅޿ߡߪޔޟ⡯Ꮏ⾓㊄ߩૐᑇޠࠍ೑↪ߒߚ࿖ౝ⵾ㅧᬺߩ⊒ዷߣߘࠇߦࠃࠆ⾏ᤃ㤥ሼࠍዷ ᦸߒߡ޿ࠆޕ⑔ᴛߩ৻⽾ߒߚ⺖㗴ߪޔ⾏ᤃ෼ᡰߩᅢォߦࠃࠆ⽻ᐊ₪ᓧޔߘࠇߦࠃࠆ⾗ᧄᒻᚑߢ ޽ߞߚޕ᣿ᴦ 10~20 ᐕઍߩ㌁ଔਅ⪭ߩ⁁ᴫࠍャ಴⿥ㆊߦࠃࠆ⽻ᐊ₪ᓧߩ࠴ࡖࡦࠬߣ⷗ߡޔ㊄ᧄ ૏೙߳ߩ⒖ⴕߦ෻ኻߒߚߩ߽ޔߎߩ⺖㗴ߦᔕ߃ࠆߚ߼ߛߞߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ  ⾗㊄⺞㆐࡮⾗ᧄᒻᚑߩߚ߼ߦ⑔ᴛ߇ㅊ᳞ߒߚ߽߁৻ߟߩᣇ╷ߪޔਛᄩ㌁ⴕࠍᩭߣߒߚ⽷᡽㊄ Ⲣ᡽╷ߢ޽ߞߚޕ᣿ᴦ 17~18 ᐕߩ᧻ᣇ࠺ࡈ࡟ࠍ෩ߒߊᛕ್ߒߚ⑔ᴛߪޔਇᴫᛂ㐿╷ߣߒߡ╙৻ ߪ⾗ᧄߩẢᴛൻޔ╙ੑߪ᦭ല㔛ⷐߩჇᄢࠍਥᒛߒߚޕߚߛޔ⾗ᧄߩẢᴛൻߩߚ߼ߦߎߩᲑ㓏ߩ ᣣᧄ߇ណࠅ߁ࠆ໑৻ߩᣇᴺߪᄖௌߩዉ౉ߒ߆ߥ޿ޔߣ޿߁ߩ߇⑔ᴛߩ⹺⼂ߢ޽ߞߚޕㄘ໡Ꮏᬺ ߩᵴേ⾗ᧄࠍ⏕଻ߔࠆߚ߼ߦᵹㅢ⽻ᐊ㊂ࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߣ޿߁┙႐߆ࠄޔ⑔ᴛߪޔᵹㅢ

－28－ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第一会場

ਇ឵⚕ᐊߩో㗵హ឵ൻࠍឭ᩺ߒޔߘߩߚ߼ߩ⾗㊄ࠍᄖௌ⊒ⴕߦ᳞߼ߚޕᧄ᧪࿖ௌ⊒ⴕ߇ᦨ߽⏕ ታߥߩߛ߇ޔᣣᧄߩ⃻⁁ߢߪ൐ௌߒߡ߽චಽߥ⾗㊄߇㓸߹ࠄߥ޿ߣ⷗ߡޔ᰷ᎺᏒ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ 5,000 ਁ౞ߩ൐ௌࠍឭ᩺ߒߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ  ᦭ല㔛ⷐჇᄢ╷ߣߒߡޔ․ߦን⽕ߦࠃࠆᅍ૽ߩផㅴ߇⺑߆ࠇࠆޕ᡽ᐭ߇ᅑബߔࠆޟൕീޔ▵ ୿ޔ⾂⫾ޠߪ࿎┆ߔࠆ᳃ⴐߦߪㆊ㉃ߔ߉ߡήᗧ๧߆ߟ᦭ኂߢ޽ࠅޔ߻ߒࠈ᳃ⴐߦᔟᭉㅊ᳞ߩ⋡ ᮡࠍਈ߃ޔൕഭᗧ᰼ࠍೝỗߒޔ↢↥ജߩ⊒ዷߦߟߥߍࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆޔߣ޿߁ߩߢ޽ࠆޕߎࠇߦ ട߃ߡޔਛᄩ᡽ᐭ߿ฦᐭ⋵ᒰዪߦࠃࠆ౏౒੐ᬺߦࠃࠆ᦭ല㔛ⷐഃ಴߇ਥᒛߐࠇࠆޕ․ߦᒝ⺞ߐ ࠇࠆߩߪޔ᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆ㋕㆏Ꮏ੐߿ฦᐭ⋵ߦࠃࠆ㆏〝ᯅ᪞ᴡᎹߩୃ▽ߢ޽ࠆޕ  㧢㧚ഭ௛ߩ໧㗴  ਄ߢ߽⷗ߚߣ߅ࠅޔ⑔ᴛߦߣߞߡഭ௛⠪ߪ⵾ㅧᬺ⊒ዷߩේേജߢ޽ߞߚ߇ޔߘࠇߪ޽ߊ߹ߢ ቟ଔߢൕീߥഭ௛⠪ߣ޿߁᧦ઙࠍḩߚߔ㒢ࠅߦ߅޿ߡߢ޽ߞߚޕޡታᬺ⺰ޢߢᣣᧄߩ⵾ㅧᬺߩべ ㅴߩⷐ࿃ࠍޔᣣᧄ࿖᳃ߩ໡Ꮏᬺߦኻߔࠆㆡวᕈޔߔߥࠊߜᕈ⾰㗅⦟ޔᓥ㗅ޔᱜ⋥ޔᷡẖߥߤߦ ᳞߼ߡ޿ࠆߩ߽ޔߎࠇߣห᭽ߩ⹺⼂߆ࠄ᧪ߡ޿ࠆޕߐࠄߦޔᣣᧄߩ⚜❣ᬺߩ᦭೑ߥὐࠍޔᤤᄛ ࠍᔀߒߡ௛ߊߎߣޔᛛ⢻ߩེ↪ߐ߿ᯏᢅߐޔ⾓㊄ߩ቟ߐߩਃὐߦ᳞߼ߡ޿ࠆߩ߽ޔߎࠇߣห᭽ ߢ޽ࠆޕ  ⑔ᴛߩഭ௛໧㗴ߦኻߔࠆ⠨߃ᣇߪޔޟᎿ႐ᴺޠ߳ߩኻᔕߦᅤታߦ⴫ࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ᣿ᴦ 30 ᐕߩޟ⡯ Ꮏᴺ᩺ޠߦ෻ኻߒߚ⺰⠨ߢޔᣣᧄฎ᧪ߩ⠌ᘠߣߒߡߩਥᓥᖱᗲߩ㓹↪㑐ଥࠍ⟤㘑ߣߒޔ⷏᰷ဳ ߩഭ૶㑐ଥߦ߅ߌࠆޟ⑳೑ޠࠍᛕ್ߔࠆޕߘߒߡޔ10 ᱦએਅߩఽ┬ߩዞഭ߽ޔഭ௛⠪ߩ࿎┆⁁ ᘒߦࠃࠆ⚿ᨐߢ޽ߞߡޔߘࠇࠍ⑌ᱛߔࠆߛߌߢߪഭ௛⠪ࠍ⧰ߒ߼ࠆߛߌߣߒߡޔ⢐ቯߔࠆޕ┆ ᳃ࠍᢇ߁ߩ߇వ᳿ߥߩߦޔߘߩኻ╷ࠍ⻠ߓߥ޿߹߹ޔ᰷☨ᵹߩวℂ⊛ߥഭ௛㓹↪ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍᯏ ᪾⊛ߦㆡ↪ߔࠆߎߣߪޔޟਇੳ㉃⭯ߩಣ⟎ޠߛߣ޿߁ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ  ߘࠇߢߪޔഭ௛⠪ߩ↢ᵴᡷༀߦߟ޿ߡޔ⑔ᴛߪ޿߆ߥࠆኻ╷ࠍ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚߩ߆ޕߘࠇߪޔޟ┆ ᳃ࠍ㘫㙈ߩਛ߆ࠄᢇ߁ᚻᲑޠޟഭ௛ࠍ೙㒢ߒߥ߇ࠄޔઁߦ↢ᵴߩ㆏ࠍਈ߃ࠆᎿᄦޠޟ౏⾌ࠍᛩߓ ߡߎߩ⒳ߩఽ┬ࠍ㙃޿ᢎ⢒ࠍ᝼ߌࠆᎿᄦޠߥߤߣ⴫⃻ߒߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔߘߩౕ૕⊛ߥౝኈߪ␜ߐߕޔ ߘߩⓍᭂ⊛ߥឭ߽᩺ⴕߞߡߪ޿ߥ޿ޕߚߛߒޔޟ⾗ᧄਥߣ⡯Ꮏޠߦ߅޿ߡޔ⷏᰷ဳߩ೑ኂޟਣ಴ ߒޠߩᣇᴺߢߪߥߊޔ⴫ะ߈Ⓩ߿߆ߥ૶ᓎᴺߦࠃߞߡഭ௛⠪ߩ᳇ജࠍ㜞߼ޔ↢↥ജࠍะ਄ߐߖޔ ⚿ᨐ⊛ߦ⾗ᧄਥߩ೑⋉ߦߥࠆࠃ߁ߥᣇᴺࠍឭ᩺ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ⚿ዪᓐߪޔഭ௛⠪ߩൕീߢᓥ㗅࡮ᓞ ௾ߥᔃߣ㓹޿ਥߩఝߒ޿ᖱᗲࠍၮ⋚ߣߒߚᣣᧄဳߩ᷷ᖱਥ⟵⊛ഭ૶㑐ଥࠍ⛽ᜬߒߥ߇ࠄޔૐ⾓ ㊄ߣ㐳ᤨ㑆ഭ௛ࠍᱞེߦߒߚ࿖㓙┹੎ജߩჇᄢࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ޿ߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕߘࠇࠁ߃ޔᓐߦߪޔ 㜞⾓㊄ߩታ⃻ߦࠃࠆ᦭ല㔛ⷐߩჇᄢ߿ഭ௛⠪ߩ↢ᵴᡷༀࠍዷᦸߔࠆ㜞⾓㊄⚻ᷣ⺰ߩ⠨߃ᣇߪߥ ߆ߞߚޕ  ⑔ᴛߩഭ௛⠪ⷰߪޔᓐߩࠛ࡝࡯࠻ਥ⟵ߩⵣ㄰ߒߢ޽ࠆᄢⴐ⬦ⷞߣਇนಽߩ㑐ଥߦ޽ࠆޕᣧߊ ߽᣿ᴦ 9 ᐕ(1976 ᐕ)ߦޔޟ⊖ᆓゞᒁޠߦቇ໧ࠍᢎ߃ߡ߽ޟ⊖ᐕᴡᷡࠍᓙߟ߇ᅤߒޠߣߒߡޔᒰ ೋᛴ޿ߡ޿ߚᄢⴐ໪⫥ߩน⢻ᕈࠍᓟㅌߐߖޔޟ⽺ን⺰㧔╙ੑ㧕ޠ㧔᣿ᴦ 24 ᐕ(1891 ᐕ)ߢߪޔਛ╬ ⒳ᣖߦ਄᣹ߩᏗᦸߥߊޟᣢᚑߩን⠪ޠߩߺ߇਎⇇ࠍേ߆ߔޔߣ޿߁⃻⁁⹺⼂ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆޕߎ ߁ߒߚ⽺ንߩᏅߩᏱᘒൻߦኻߒޔ⑔ᴛߪߘߩ᣿⏕ߥ⸃᳿╷ࠍឭ⸒ߔࠆࠊߌߢߥߊޔን⠪ߩ஥ߩ ▵ᐲ߿᷷ᖱࠍ᳞߼ࠆߎߣߒ߆⸒ߞߡ޿ߥ޿ޕߘߒߡޔ⽺᳃ߩਇᐔਇḩࠍߥߊߔߚ߼ޔ⑔ᴛߪޔ ╙৻ߦቬᢎߦࠃࠆੱᔃߩ㎾㕒ൻ߿ን⠪ߦࠃࠆዊ᳃ߩᢎൻޔ╙ੑߦ⽺᳃ߦኻߔࠆᢎ⢒ߩ೙㒢ࠍ໒ ߃ߡ޿ࠆޕߎࠇߪޔᓐߩᒰೋߩ㐿᣿⊛⊒⸒ߣߪᄢ߈ߊ⇣ߥߞߚ߽ߩߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕ  㧢㧚߹ߣ߼

－29－  ⑔ᴛߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐߪޔᢥ᣿࿖ߩታᬺߩߚ߼ߩੱ᧚⏕଻ࠍ✕ᕆ⺖㗴ߣߒޔੱ㑆ᄌ㕟ߣ޿߁໪⫥ᕁ ᗐߩ․ᓽࠍ᣿⏕ߦ⴫⃻ߒߡ޿ߚޕ⁛┙⥄ዅߩታᬺੱ߇‧ᒁߔࠆᱺ↥⥝ᬺߣን࿖ᒝ౓ࠍ⋡ᮡߦឝ ߍޔߘߩߚ߼ߩේᆎ⊛⫾Ⓧߩਃߟߩᄾᯏ㧔⾗ᧄᒻᚑޔഭ௛⠪ߩ⢒ᚑޔ⾗ᧄਥ⟵⊛㓹↪૕೙㧕ࠍ ផㅴߔࠆޔᓟㅴ⾗ᧄਥ⟵࿖ߩ⚻ᷣ⺰ߣߒߡߩ․ᓽࠍ஻߃ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚޕߘߎߦߪޔ໪⫥ᕁᗐ ߦ࿕᦭ߩࠛ࡝࡯࠻ਥ⟵߿ᄢⴐ⬦ⷞߩ⠨߃߇ౝ൮ߐࠇߡ޿ߚޕ  ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⑔ᴛ⻀ศ߆ࠄߺߚ᣿ᴦ໪⫥ߦ߅ߌࠆ⚻ᷣᕁᗐߪޔ਄߆ࠄߩ໪⫥ޔቭ᳃৻૕ߦࠃࠆ ⚻ᷣ⊒ዷޔᏢ࿖ਥ⟵⊛਎⇇⁁ᴫߦ߅ߌࠆ࿖ኅ೑⋉ߩផㅴߣ޿߁࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࡝࠭ࡓࠍ․ᓽߣߒޔ߿ ߇ߡᏢ࿖ਥ⟵ᚢ੎ࠍ↢߈ᛮߊߚ߼ߩァ੐࿖ኅᚢ⇛ߦᏎ߈ㄟ߹ࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆޕ

ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ ጊቶା৻࡮ਛ㊁⋡ᔀᩞᵈ(1999)ޡ᣿౐㔀⹹㧔਄㧕ޢጤᵄᢥᐶޕ 㘵↰㥊(1984)ޡ⑔ᴛ⻀ศ㧙࿖᳃࿖ኅ⺰ߩഃᆎ⠪ޢਛ౏ᣂᦠޕ 㘵↰㥊(2001)ޡ⑔ᴛ⻀ศ⎇ⓥޢ㧔㘵↰㥊⪺૞㓸╙੖Ꮞ㧕ᓮ⨥ࡁ᳓ᦠᚱޕ ᬀᚻㅢ᦭(1974)ޡᣣᧄㄭઍᕁᗐߩᒻᚑޢጤᵄᦠᐫޕ ⩆ේ㓉(1990)ޡਛ᧛ᢘቝ⎇ⓥ̆̆᣿ᴦ໪⫥ᕁᗐߣℂᗐਥ⟵ޢᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇ಴ ㇱޕ ᄢਭ଻೑㎨✬(1967)ޡ᣿ᴦ໪⫥ᕁᗐ㓸ޢ㧔ޡ᣿ᴦᢥቇో㓸 ╙ 3 Ꮞޢ ╳៺ᦠᚱޕ ↢⿧೑ᤘ(2008)ޟൕഭߩ⢒ᚑ̆̆ࡠ࠶ࠢ߆ࠄࡂ࠴ࠬࡦ߹ߢޠ↰ਛ⑲ᄦ✬⪺ޡ໪⫥ߩࠛࠬ࠹ࠖ࡯ ࡔ࡯ߣ⚻ᷣቇߩ↢⺀ޢ੩ᄢ಴ ળޕ ↢⿧೑ᤘ(2004)ޟ⑔ᴛ⻀ศߩޡ⥄↱ޢߣޡ୘ੱਥ⟵ޢ㧙⷏᰷ᢥ᣿ߩዉ౉ߣォ૏㧙ޠ ޡੱᢥ⺰㓸㧔␹ᚭ໡⑼ᄢቇ㧕ޢ╙ 39 Ꮞ 3㨯4 ภ ࠢ࡟ࠗࠣ, ࠕ࡞ࡃ࡯࠻(2009)㧔⿷┙ᐽ࡮᪢ᵤ㗅৻⸶㧕ޡᢥ᣿ߣ໪⫥㧙ೋᦼ⑔ᴛ⻀ศߩᕁᗐ㧙ޢ ᘮᙥ⟵Ⴖᄢቇ಴ ળޕ ᧖ጊᔘᐔ(1986)ޡ᣿ᴦ໪⫥ᦼߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐޢᴺ᡽ᄢቇ಴ ળޕ 㓈⼱ਃ༑↵(1976)ޡᣣᧄ⾓ഭ௛ߩผ⊛⎇ⓥޢᓮ⨥ࡁ᳓ᦠᚱޕ 㐳ᐘ↵(1968)ޡᣣᧄ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥޢᧂ᧪␠ޕ ⑔ᴛ⻀ศޔᘮᙥ⟵Ⴖ✬(1959~64)ޡ⑔ᴛ⻀ศో㓸ޢో 21 Ꮞޔጤᵄᦠᐫޕ ̆̆̆̆ ን↰ᱜᢥ✬(1981~98)ޡ⑔ᴛ⻀ศㆬ㓸ޢో 14 Ꮞޔጤᵄᦠᐫޕ ⮮ේᤘᄦ(1998)ޡ⑔ᴛ⻀ศߩᣣᧄ⚻ᷣ⺰ޢᣣᧄ⚻ᷣ⹏⺰␠ޕ ਣጊ⌀↵(2001)ޡ⑔ᴛ⻀ศߩືቇޢጤᵄᢥᐶޕ ౎ᧁ♿৻㇢(2006)ޟ╙৻┨ ⑔ᴛ⻀ศޠᄢ᫪㇚ᄦ✬ޡ⚻ᷣᕁᗐޛޜᣣᧄߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐ  ޢ ᣣᧄ⚻ᷣ⹏⺰␠ޕ ౎ᧁ♿৻㇢(1999)ޡㄭઍᣣᧄߩ␠ળ⚻ᷣቇޢ╳៺ᦠᚱޕ

－30－ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第一会場

໪⫥ߩ⚻ᷣቇߩᄙ᭽ᕈߣ⛔৻ᕈ

↰ਛ⑲ᄦ 㧝㧚໪⫥ߣ⚻ᷣቇ

໪⫥ߣߪޟᥧ㤥ޠߩస᦯ࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆޕᥧ㤥ߣߪᧂ⍮ޔㅅᅦޔㅅାߢ޽ࠅޔ᳃ⴐߩή⍮࡮ήജߦߟߌߎ ࠎߢᚑ┙ߔࠆᮭജᡰ㈩߽฽߹ࠇࠆޕߘࠇࠍ㨬ࠕࡦࠪࡖࡦ࡮࡟ࠫ࡯ࡓ㨭ߣ⴫⃻ߔࠇ߫ޔ໪⫥ߣߪᢥൻ⊛ޔ♖ ␹⊛ޔ೙ᐲ⊛ߥ᭽ޘߥࠕࡦࠪࡖࡦ࡮࡟ࠫ࡯ࡓߣߩᚢ޿ߢ޽ࠆޕ⍮⊛ᮭᆭޔ⍮ߩ⁛භߩ⸃૕ߢ߽޽ࠆޕᚢ ޿ߩᱞེߪ⍮ᕈߢ޽ࠅ⸒⺰ߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ໪⫥ᕁᗐኅߩᚢ⇛ߪᄙ᭽ߢޔߘߩߥ߆ߦ⚻ᷣቇ߇޽ߞߚޕ ໪⫥ߣ⚻ᷣቇߩ㑐ଥࠍᦨ߽໧㗴ߦߒ߿ߔ޿ߩߪ 18 ਎♿ߩࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ޔࡈ࡜ࡦࠬޔࠗ࠲࡝ࠕߢ޽ࠈ ߁ޕߒ߆ߒޔ࠼ࠗ࠷߿ᣣᧄߢ໧߃ߥ޿ߛࠈ߁߆㧫 J࡮ࡠࡃ࡯࠻ࠬࡦߪޔࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߣ࠽ࡐ࡝ߛߌ߇ ⚻ᷣቇࠍ↢ߺ಴ߒߚ⌀ߩ໪⫥ߛߣ޿߁ᭂ⺰ߦ㒱ߞߚޕࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߢߪ⚻ᷣቇߩᚑ┙ߪ↢ᵴ᭽ᑼߩ྾ Ბ㓏⺰ޔᢥ᣿␠ળผ⺰ߣ㑐ㅪ߇޽ߞߚޕࡈ࡜ࡦࠬ߿ࠗ࠲࡝ࠕߢߪߤ߁ߢ޽ߞߚ߆㧫 ࡕࡦ࠹ࠬࠠࡘ࡯߿࠴ ࡘ࡞ࠧ߇␜ߔࠃ߁ߦޔ྾Ბ㓏⺰ߪߣ߽߆ߊޔᢥ᣿␠ળผߣߩ㑐ଥᛮ߈ߦߪ⚻ᷣቇߪᚑ┙ߒߥ߆ߞߚޕߐ ࠄߦ⚻ᷣޔᏒ႐⚻ᷣ㧩໡ᬺߣ޿߁༡ߺߩᚑ㐳߇೨ឭߢ޽ࠆޕ໪⫥ߩࠕࠫࠚࡦ࠳ޔ⽺࿎ߣή⍮⫥ᤒ߆ࠄߩ ⸃᡼ߣ޿߁౒ㅢߩ⺖㗴ߩ⸃ᴺ߇ޔ⚻ᷣቇ޽ࠆ޿ߪ⚻ᷣቇࠍౝታߣߔࠆ᡽ᴦቇ߿ᴺቇߦ᳞߼ࠄࠇߚޕ ⋓ᦼ໪⫥ߩ⚻ᷣቇߣߒߡ໧㗴ߦߥࠆࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ੱߪ࠲࠶ࠞ࡯ߛߌߢ޽ࠆޕࠕࠗ࡞࡜ࡦ࠼ੱߩࡃ࡯ࠢ ࡝ߪ࡜ࡦࠤ࠾ࠕࡦࠍㅢߒߡࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼໪⫥ߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚޕࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߢߪࡃ࡯ࠢ࡝ߪࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߣߣ ߽ߦ⼊ᚓߩኻ⽎ߢ޽ࠅߟߟ⒁߆ߦ⺒߹ࠇߚޕ⋓ᦼ໪⫥ߩ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߪࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ੱ߇ᄙ޿ޕᧄᩰ⊛ߥ ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߪࡅࡘ࡯ࡓ㧘ࠬ࠹ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ޔࠬࡒࠬߩਃੱߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ㧰࡮ࠬ࠹ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߪ⚻ᷣቇߩ⻠⟵ࠍߒߚޕ ⚻ᷣࠍ⺰ߓߚᕁᗐኅߪᄙ޿ޕࡂ࠴ࠬࡦޔࠤࠗࡓ࠭ޔࡈࠔ࡯ࠟࠬࡦޔࡒ࡜࡯ޔ࡝࡯࠼ޔ࠙ࠜ࡟ࠬޔࠝ࡯ࠣ ࡞ࡧࠖޔࠫࠚࠗࡓ࠭࡮ࠕࡦ࠳࡯ࠬࡦߥߤ߇޿ࠆ߇ޔ޿߹ߛචಽߥ⎇ⓥ߇ߥ޿ޕ  ࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼߿ࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ߛߌߢߪߥߊޔࡈ࡜ࡦࠬߣࠗ࠲࡝ࠕޔࠬࠗࠬ 1ޔ࠼ࠗ࠷ޔࠕࠗ࡞࡜ࡦ࠼ޔ ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞޔࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳ߥߤߩ໪⫥ߣ⚻ᷣቇߩ㑐ଥߪㅊⓥߩ૛࿾߇޽ࠆޕᣣᧄߢߪㆃࠇࠆ߇ޔᣣᧄߦ߽໪⫥ ߪ޽ࠅޔ⚻ᷣቇߩฃኈߣߘࠇߥࠅߦ⁛⥄ߩዷ㐿߇޽ߞߚ 2ޕ18 ਎♿ߦߪ໪⫥߽ẋᰴ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄߩ౒ㅢߩ વ⛔ߦߥࠆޕ⥄ὼᴺޔ౒๺ਥ⟵ޔࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎ߽౒ㅢߩવ⛔ߢ޽ࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔ౒ㅢߩવ⛔ߪޔߘࠇߙࠇߩ ࿾ၞ߿࿖ߢᏅ⇣ߣᄙ᭽ᕈࠍ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦߥࠆޕࡕࡦ࠹ࠬࠠࡘ࡯߿ࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߪޟ࿖᳃ᕈޠࠍ⺰ߓߚޕ ໪⫥ߩ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߪฎౖ⊛ᢎ㙃ߦⵣᛂߜߐࠇߚ౒ㅢߩવ⛔ࠍ᭽ޘߦ⛮ᛚߒߚޕ໪⫥ߩ⚻ᷣቇߩߥ߆ߦߪޔ ⏕ߚࠆੱ㑆ⷰ߇޽ߞߚߎߣ߇ᒝߺߢ޽ࠆޕߘࠇߪߚࠎߥࠆഞ೑ਥ⟵⊛ੱ㑆ⷰߢߪߥ߆ߞߚޕหᤨߦ⥄Ꮖ ⷙ೙ߔࠆ␠ળ⊛ੱ㑆ߢ޽ࠅޔ౏౒⊛Ꮢ᳃௝ߢ޽ࠆޕࡈ࡯ࠦ࡯ߪⷙᓞ⸠✵ߣ⚿߮ߟߌߡޔ໪⫥ߩੱ㑆ⷰࠍ ุቯߒߚ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿ޕౝ↰⟵ᒾߪੱᢥቇߣߒߡߩ⚻ᷣቇࠍ⺑޿ߚ߇ޔ໪⫥ߩ⚻ᷣቇࠍ㘈ߺࠆߣ߈ⷞ㊁ ߦ౉ߞߡߊࠆ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆޕޟᱧผ⊛᭎ᔨߣߒߡߩ໪⫥ޠߩℂ⸃ߪ੹ߢߪᄙ᭽ൻߒߚޕᤨઍ⊛Ꮕ⇣߽࿾ၞ⊛ Ꮕ⇣߽㊀ⷞߐࠇޔޟᄙ᭽ߥࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ᭎ᔨߦၮߠߊᄙ᭽ߥ⎇ⓥޠ3 ߇ㆀⴕߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕࡐ࡯ࠦ࠶߽ࠢ ᄙ᭽⺑ߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔࡠࡃ࡯࠻ࠬࡦ߇෻ᣛࠍ⠡ߒߚޕ

㧞㧚ੱ㑆ಽᨆߣᱧผᗧ⼂

 ໪⫥ᕁᗐࠍᄙ᭽ᕈߦ⸃ᶖߢ߈ࠆࠊߌߪߥ޿ޕ໪⫥ߩੱ㑆ಽᨆߪੱ㑆ߩᧄᕈ㧩⥄ὼࠍ㐳ᦼ⊛ߦᄌൻߒߥ ޿᥉ㆉᕈߣߒߡಽᨆߒߚޕߒ߆ߒޔ୘ޘߩ໪⫥ᕁᗐኅߩੱ㑆ಽᨆߪ᥉ㆉ⊛ߢ޽ࠆ৻ᣇߢޔ߈ࠊ߼ߡᄙ᭽ ߢޔࡎ࠶ࡉ࠭ߪ೑Ꮖᔃࠍޔࠪࡖ࡯ࡈ࠷ࡌ࡝ߪੳᗲࠍ㊀ⷞߒߚޕ ໪⫥ᕁᗐߩᄙ᭽ᕈࠍ⽾޿ߡޔ17 ਎♿߆ࠄ 18 ਎♿ߦ߆ߌߡޔⓨ㑆߆ࠄᱧผ߳ޔᢧ৻ߥ⥄ὼ߆ࠄ୘ᕈ⊛

1 Bern ߦ߅ߌࠆ໪⫥ߣ⚻ᷣቇߦ㑐ߔࠆ․㓸߇ޔHistory of European Ideas, vol. 33-4, Dec. 2007 ߦ޽ࠆޕ 2 ࠢ࡟ࠗࠣޡ໪⫥ߣᢥ᣿ޢᘮᔕ⟵Ⴖ಴ ળޔ2009 ᐕߥߤޕ 3 Autram, Dorinda, Enlightenment, Cambridge, 1995.

－31－ ߥᤨ㑆⊛ᄌേ߳ߩ⹺⼂㑐ᔃߩ⒖േ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆޕ17 ਎♿ೋᦼ໪⫥ߪᱧผ⊛ᕁ⠨ߦᒙߊޔⓨ㑆⊛࡮᥉ㆉਥ⟵ ⊛࡮ේሶ⺰⊛࡮⥄ὼਥ⟵⊛ߢ޽ߞߚޕ18 ਎♿໪⫥ߪ᥉ㆉ߳ߩ㑐ᔃߦട߃ߡޔᱧผ⊛㑐ᔃ߇ᒝߊߥࠅޔᱧ ผߣᢥൻߩ୘ᕈޔ․ᱶᕈޔᤨ㑆⊛ᄌൻࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆޕ 17 ਎♿ߦ߽ᱧผᗧ⼂ߪ޽ࠅޔࡁ࡞ࡑࡦߩᓕ᦯߿ኽᑪᴺߩታ⸽⊛⎇ⓥ߇ࠬࡍ࡞ࡑࡦ߿ࡉ࡟࠺ࠖߥߤ࠻࡯ ࡝࡯ผኅߦࠃߞߡⴕߥࠊࠇߚ 4ޕ17 ਎♿ߩᱧผᗧ⼂ߪ޿߹ߛᓴⅣߔࠆᤨ㑆ߩᗧ⼂߇ᒝ޿߇ޔ18 ਎♿ߦߥ ࠆߣㅴᱠߣ⊒ዷߣ޿߁ᤨ㑆ᗧ⼂߇ᒝߊߥࠆޕᱧผߦ߅ߌࠆ᥉ㆉߣ୘ᕈࠍᇦ੺ߔࠆ઒⺑ߣߒߡ↢ᵴ᭽ᑼߩ ⊒ዷ࿑ᑼ߇⊓႐ߔࠆޕ㊁ⱄ߆ࠄᢥ᣿߳ޔᧂ㐿߆ࠄᵞ✵߳ߩ⊒ዷ⺰ޔߐࠄߦߪ⁚⁸ޔㆆ’ޔㄘ⠹ޔ໡ᬺߣ ޿߁↢ᵴ᭽ᑼߩ྾Ბ㓏⺰߇⊓႐ߒߚޕᏒ᳃␠ળ⺰߆ࠄᢥ᣿␠ળผ߳ߩࡄ࡜࠳ࠗࡓォ឵ߢ޽ߞߚޕߎߩ໪ ⫥ߩᱧผਥ⟵ߪޔࡐ࡯ࠦ࠶ࠢߣࡎࡦ࠻߇ជࠅਅߍߚ 5ޕ18 ਎♿໪⫥ߩ․ᓽ߇ᱧผਥ⟵ߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆߣߒߡ ߽ޔ໪⫥ࠍ⽾޿ߡ޿ࠆߩߪޔੱ㑆ߩℂᕈޔੱ㑆♖␹ޔੱ㑆ߩᗵᕈ߳ߩା㗬ߣߘߩ㒢⇇ߩ⥄ⷡߢ޽ࠅޔ⥄ ↱ਥ⟵ޔ୘ੱਥ⟵ߣ౏౒ߩᓼߩᔅⷐᕈߩ⹺⼂ߢ޽ࠆޕ⥄↢⊛⒎ᐨߩᕁᗐߣߒߡ⥄↱ਥ⟵ߩᚑ┙ࠍᛠីߒ ߚᭉⷰ⊛ߥࡂࠗࠛࠢߩ 18 ਎♿⎇ⓥ 6߽޽ࠆ߇ޔߘࠇߪ੹ߢߪ቟⋥ߦㆊ߉ࠆޕߎ߁ߒߚࡄ࡜࠳ࠗࡓォ឵ߦ ⥄ὼᴺߣ౒๺ਥ⟵߇޿߆ߦ߆߆ࠊߞߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ߪ㔍໧ߢ޽ࠆޕ ࡌࠗࠦࡦߩޟ⍮ߪജߥࠅޠࠍ⛮ᛚߒߡޔࡎ࠶ࡉ࠭ޔࡠ࠶ࠢߪ⥄ὼᴺᕁᗐߦၮߠ߈ޔ␠ળߩ᭴ᚑ㧩ಽᨆ ⺰ߣߒߡ␠ળᄾ⚂⺑ࠍឭ⿠ߒޔࡂ࡝ࡦ࠻ࡦޔࡒ࡞࠻ࡦޔࠪ࠼࠾࡯ߪ⥄ὼᴺᕁᗐࠍ౒᦭ߒߟߟ⇣ߥࠆ౒๺ ਥ⟵⊛࿖ኅ௝ࠍឭ಴ߒߚޕࡂ࡝ࡦ࠻ࡦߪฎઍߩ⍮ᕺߣㄭઍߩ⍮ᕺࠍፋ೎ߒޔኽᑪ⊛࿯࿾଻᦭ࠍၮ␆ߣߔ ࠆࠧࠪ࠶ࠢ࡮ࡃ࡜ࡦࠬߩ⸃૕ߣ޿߁⹺⼂ߦ┙⣉ߒߡޔฎઍߩ⍮ᕺޔࡠ࡯ࡑߩ౒๺᡽ࠍ▸ߣߔࠆޟࠝࠪࠕ ࠽ޠࠍឬ޿ߚޕవ㚟⊛ߥᱧผᗧ⼂߇޽ࠆ߇ޔࡂ࡝ࡦ࠻ࡦߩᕁᗐ௑ะߪℂᕈਛᔃਥ⟵ޔ᭴▽ਥ⟵ߢ޽ࠆޕ ਥ⍮ਥ⟵⊛ᕁᗐߪޟ⑼ቇ㕟๮ޠߩᤨઍޔࡑ࠾ࡘࡈࠔࠢ࠴ࡘࠕᤨઍߩޟ૞ὑߩ⺰ℂޠߢ޽ࠆޕೋᦼ໪⫥ߦ ߅޿ߡߪޔ⚻ᷣቇߪ⪚⧘ߦㆊ߉ߥ޿ޕ⚻ᷣಽᨆ߇㊀ⷐߣߥࠆߩߪฬ⹷㕟๮ᓟߢ޽ࠆޕ

3㧚౒๺ਥ⟵ߣ⚻ᷣቇ

 ౒๺ਥ⟵ߪ 17 ਎♿ߦߪᄙ᭽ൻߔࠆ 7ޕࡐ࡯ࠦ࠶ࠢߪࠪࡧࠖ࠶ࠢ࡮ࡅࡘ࡯ࡑ࠾࠭ࡓߣߒߡߩ౒๺ਥ⟵߆ ࠄ໡ᬺ౒๺࿖㧩໡ᬺࡅࡘ࡯ࡑ࠾࠭ࡓ߳ 8ߩዷ㐿ࠍ␜ໂߒߚޕᓐߪᓼߣ໡ᬺࠍ߼ߋࠆࠝ࡯ࠟࠬ࠲ࡦ⺰੎ߦᵈ ⋡ߒޔࡀࠝ࡮ࡂ࡝ࡦ࠻࠾ࠕࡦߦࠃࠆᓼߣ໡ᬺߩਔ┙⺰ޔࠝ࡯ࠟࠬ࠲ࡦ⺰੎ߩᏫ⚿ߣߒߡߩࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߥߤ ߩޟᓼ߆ࠄࡑ࠽࡯߳ޠߩᄌኈ㧩␠ળᕁᗐߩォ឵߇ᨆ಴ߐࠇߚޕCHߪᚲ᦭ࠍੱᩰߩၮ␆ߣߒߡ㊀ⷞߒߚ߇ޔ ໡ᬺ␠ળൻߩㆊ⒟ߢޔን࡮ᶖ⾌࡮⼾߆ߥ↢ᵴߩߚ߼ߩᚲ᦭߳ 9ߣᗧ⟵߇ォ឵ߒޔᏒ᳃߆ࠄ↢ᵴ⠪߳ੱ㑆௝ ߽ォ឵ߔࠆޕߎߩォ឵ㆊ⒟ߪචಽߥ⎇ⓥ߇ߥ޿ޕቇ໧߿ᢥ᣿߇⊒ዷߔࠆߦߟࠇߡޔฎౖ⊛ߥᢎ㙃ੱ߽౏ ౒⊛ੱᩰ㧩Ꮢ᳃߽ᴚ⪭ߔࠆߩߪޔ⊹⡺ߣ޿߁ߴ߈߆ޕ ߒ߆ߒޔ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄߩ౒ㅢߩㆮ↥ߣߒߡߩ౒๺ਥ⟵ߪ↢߈ᱷࠆޕ໪⫥ߩᤨઍߦ౒๺ਥ⟵ߪℂᗐ⊛ߥ౏ ౒ᕈߣߩ㑐ㅪߢℂ⸃ߐࠇޔ౏౒ⓨ㑆ߣߒߡߩ᡽ᴦ਎⇇࡮౏ᴺߩ㗔ၞ߽ޔ␠੤਎⇇߿ᢥ⧓౒๺࿖߽᳞߼ࠄ ࠇߚޕ౏⺰㧔Public Opinion, Rhetoric㧕߽㊀ⷐߢ޽ߞߚޕ౒๺᡽ߪఝࠇߚ᡽૕ߢޔᷙว᡽૕߽౒๺᡽૕ ߣℂ⸃ߐࠇߚޕ౒๺ਥ⟵ߩଔ୯ߩᄙ᭽ᕈ 10ߪ 18 ਎♿໪⫥ߦߥࠆߣ⪺ߒߊߥࠆޕ

4 ߣߊߦ Pocock, J.G.A., The Ancient Constitution and the Feudal Law, Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed, 1987 ࠍෳᾖޕ 5 Hont, I., “The language of Sociability and Commerce: Samuel Pufendorf and the Theoretical Foundations of the “Four Stages” Theory”, in Jealousy of Trade, Harvard University Press, 2005㧔↰ਛ⑲ᄦ⋙⸶ޡ⾏ᤃߩሃᅺޢޔᤘ๺ ၴޔ2009 ᐕ㧕. Pocock, Barbarism and Religion, Vol. 2 (Narratives of Civil Government), Vol. 4. (Barbarians, Savages and Empire), Cambridge University Press, 1999, 2005. 6 Hayek, F., New Studies in Philosophy, Politics, Economics and the History of Ideas, Chicago U.P. 1978.㧔↰ਛ⌀ ᥍࡮↰ਛ⑲ᄦ⸶ޡᏒ႐࡮⍮⼂࡮⥄↱ޢޔࡒࡀ࡞ࡧࠔᦠᚱޔ1986㧕 7 Honohan, I., Civic Republicanism, Routledge, 2002. 8 Pocock, J.G.A. Virtue, Commerce, and History, Cambridge U.P., 1985. 㧔↰ਛ⑲ᄦ⸶ޡᓼ࡮໡ᬺ࡮ᱧผޢޔߺߔߕ ᦠᚱޔ1993 ᐕ㧕 9 Brewer, J. & S.Staves eds., Early Modern Conceptions of Property, Routledge, 1996. 10 Gelderen & Skinner eds., Republican: A Shared European Heritage, 2 vols, Cambridge U.P., 2002.

－32－ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第一会場

౒๺ਥ⟵ߩ⿠Ḯߣߒߡࡐ࡯ࠦ࠶ࠢߪࠕ࡝ࠬ࠻࠹࡟ࠬࠍޔࠬࠠ࠽࡯ߪࡠ࡯ࡑࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆ 11ޕ౒๺ਥ⟵ߣ ⥄↱ਥ⟵ߣߩ㑐ଥ߽ޔࡐ࡯ࠦ࠶ࠢߪⓍᭂ⊛⥄↱ࠍޔࠬࠠ࠽࡯ߪᶖᭂ⊛⥄↱ߣߩ㑐ଥࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆ 12ޕࠢ࡜ ࡓ࠾࠶ࠢ߿ 13ࠕ࠶ࡊ࡞ࡆ࡯ߪ 14ޔ⥄↱ਥ⟵ࠍࡉ࡞࡚ࠫࠕ࡮ࠗ࠺ࠝࡠࠡ࡯ߣߒߡ౒๺ਥ⟵߆ࠄፋ೎ߔࠆޕ ߅߅ࠃߘޔߎߩਃߟߩ⷗⸃߇ኻ┙ߒߡ޿ࠆޕએᓟޔ࠙࠶࠻ࡦ✬⪺ 15߿ࡃ࡯࠻ 16߇޽ࠆޕࡐ࡯ࠦ࠶ࠢߪࠡ ࡏࡦਛᔃߩᢥ᣿ൻޔޟ㊁ⱄߣቬᢎޠࠍਥ㗴ߦߒޔ໡ᬺࡅࡘ࡯ࡑ࠾࠭ࡓߩ⎇ⓥߪᷓ߼ߡ޿ߥ޿ޕ࠙࠶࠻ࡦߪ ޟࡍࠗࡦߩ޿ߥ޿౒๺ਥ⟵ޠߦ⇼໧ࠍ಴ߒߚޕᓐߩ౒๺ਥ⟵ߪCHߣߪ⇣ߥࠆޕߘࠇߪࠬࡇࡁࠩߩ౒๺ਥ ⟵ߦㄭ޿ࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ࠻࡜ࡦ࠼߽߹ߚℂ␹⺰⊛౒๺ਥ⟵⠪ߢ޽ߞߚޕߒ߆ߒޔࡍࠗࡦߩℂ␹⺰⊛౒ ๺ਥ⟵ߪޔࠬࡇࡁࠩߣ߽࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߣ߽⋥ធߩ㑐ଥ߇ߥ޿ޕ౒๺ਥ⟵ߣࡊࡠ࠹ࠬ࠲ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠭ࡓߪㄭઍ౒๺ ਥ⟵ߦߣߞߡߪ㊀ⷐߥ⚿ว㑐ଥߢ޽ߞߚޕߣߎࠈᄌࠊࠇ߫ࠞ࠻࡝࠶ࠢߣ౒๺ਥ⟵ߩ⚿ว߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆߢ޽ ࠈ߁ޕ ౒๺ਥ⟵ߪޟ᜛ᄢߔࠆ౒๺࿖ޠߩ㆏߆ޔ㊀໡ਥ⟵ࠍㅢߓߡޔᏢ࿖ߩᕁᗐߦォൻߔࠆޕᓼψജ㊂ψᮭജ ߩᑯ⸽ᴺ߇⊒↢ߔࠆޕ౒๺ਥ⟵ߩၿ⪭ᒻᘒߢ޽ࠆޕࡎࡦ࠻ߪNeo-Machiavellian Political Economyߩ᭎ ᔨࠍ⛮ᛚߒޔ࿖ኅℂᕈߣߩ㑐ㅪߢޟ⾏ᤃߩሃᅺޠ߇ኈᤃߦస᦯ߐࠇߥ޿ㄭઍߩ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣᕁᗐߩዷ㐿ࠍㅊ ߞߚ 17ޕ࿖᳃⊛೑ኂ㧔National Interest㧕ߩℂ⸃߇ὶὐߢ޽ࠆޕဋⴧBalanceψ⻉㓏⚖ޔ⻉࿖᳃ߩ౒ሽߩ ᕁᗐߪޔBalance of TradeߢߪᏅ㗵ߩ㗅ࠍᡰᜬߒޔ⋧੕೑⋉એ਄ߦ࿖⋉ߩჇᄢࠍ⁓߁ޟሃᅺޠߩᕁᗐࠍ↢ ߻ޕߘߩవߦߪᏢ࿖⊛ᡰ㈩߇޽ࠆޕࠬࡒࠬߩ୘ੱਥ⟵ߪ⾏ᤃߩሃᅺ߳ߩ᣿⏕ߥᛕ್ߢ޽ࠆޕ୘ੱਥ⟵ߪ Ꮢ႐ߦᇦ੺ߐࠇߡ࿖᳃ߩ❥ᩕࠍ↢ߺ಴ߔ߇ޔઁ࿖᳃ߩ❥ᩕ߽᱑ㄫߔࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ  ౒๺ਥ⟵ߣ᳃ਥਥ⟵ߩ㑐ଥߪߤ߁߆ޕฎౖ⊛౒๺ਥ⟵ߪᏒ᳃ߦ㜞ᐲߥᓼࠍⷐ᳞ߒߚ߆ࠄޔථ⿧ਥ⟵⊛ ߢޔ⾆ᣖ᡽߳ߩ௑ะ߇޽ࠆޕㄭઍ౒๺ਥ⟵ߪ਎ଶൻߣߩᅷදࠍㄼࠄࠇޔථ⿧ਥ⟵ߩ⋧ኻൻࠍㆬ߱ޕ໪⫥ ߩᤨઍߦߪ᳃ⴐࠍ᡽ᴦਥ૕ߣߒ߁ࠆ߆ޔ᡽ᴦෳട⾗ᩰߩᒁ߈ਅߍߪᤚ߆㕖߆߇໧ࠊࠇߚޕ౒๺ਥ⟵߇᳃ ਥൻߣ⚿߮ߟߌ߫ 19 ਎♿⊛ߥ᳃ਥ᡽ᴦޔ␠ળਥ⟵ߦធㄭߒޔࠢ࡟ࠗ࠭ߪߎߩ♽⼆ࠍⓥ᣿ߒߡ޿ࠆ 18ޕ ߘࠇߢߪޔ⚻ᷣߣߩ㑐ଥߢ໪⫥ߩ౒๺ਥ⟵ߩ㘃ဳൻࠍ⹜ߺࠇ߫ޔߤ߁ߥࠆ߆ޕ ࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼౒๺ਥ⟵ߣߒߡߪޔࡑࠠࡖࡧࠚ࠶࡝ဳ 19ߩㇺᏒ౒๺࿖ޔࡂ࡝ࡦ࠻ࡦဳߩㄘᬺ౒๺࿖ޔࠝ ࡜ࡦ࠳ࠍࡕ࠺࡞ߦߒߚ໡ᬺ౒๺࿖⺰߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ࠳ࡧ࠽ࡦ࠻એ᧪ޔ໡ᬺ౒๺࿖⺰ࠃࠅᶏᵗ౒๺࿖ޔޟᶏ ᵗᏢ࿖ޠ⺰߇ఝ൓ߣߥࠆ߇ޔᕆㅴᵷߩ౒๺࿖⺰߽޽ߞߚޕߎߎߢߪ౒๺ਥ⟵ߪ᳃ਥਥ⟵ߦㄭߊߥࠅޔ⼏ ળᡷ㕟㧔᥉ㅢㆬ᜼ޔᐕޘߩ⼏ળ╬㧕߇ᔅ㗇ߣߐࠇޔ࿖ኅࡕ࠺࡞ߪޟࠨࠢࠬࡦߩ⥄↱ޠߦ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ௑ะ ߇ᒝ޿ޕࡢࠗࡧࠖ࡞ߩ࡛࡯ࠢࠪࡖ࡯ㆇേޔ࠺ࠖ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯20ޔࡃ࡯㧔Burgh㧕ޔࡊ࡜ࠗࠬޔࡊ࡝࡯ࠬ࠻࡝ޔ ࡂ࡯࠺ࠖߩࡠࡦ࠼ࡦㅢାදળޔੱ᳃ߩ෹ߥߤߩ᳃ਥ⊛ߥᕆㅴᵷߪޟජᐕ₺࿖ޠࠍᓙᦸߔࠆ௑ะ߇޽ߞߚޕ ࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼౒๺ਥ⟵ߪޔࡂ࠴ࠬࡦߢߪࡊࡠ࠹ࠬ࠲ࡦ࠻⊛ⷐ⚛߇ᒝ޿ㄘᧄਥ⟵ߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔࡅࡘ࡯ࡓޔ ࠬࡒࠬߪࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ဳߩᄢ໡ᬺ౒๺࿖㧔ㄘᎿ໡ߩࡃ࡜ࡦࠬ㧕ߢ޽ࠆޕ ࠕࠗ࡞࡜ࡦ࠼౒๺ਥ⟵ߪޔࡕ࡯࡞࠭ࡢ࡯ࠬᲑ㓏ߢߪޔⓏஜߥࠦࡕࡦ࠙ࠚ࡞ࠬࡑࡦߩ౒๺ਥ⟵ߢ޽ࠆޕ ᓐࠄߪ㤗↥ᬺߩ⾏ᤃⷙ೙ߦ෻ኻߒߚ߇ޔࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ᡰ㈩⥄૕ߪኈ⹺ߒߚޕߒ߆ߒޔߘߩવ⛔ߩㆇ๮ߪ ਇಽ᣿ߢ޽ࠆޕ࡙࠽ࠗ࠹࠶࠼㨯ࠕࠗ࡝࠶ࠪࡘࡔࡦߪ᡽ᴦ⊛ᕆㅴൻߒޔ⁛┙ࠍ᳞߼ࠆߦ⥋ࠆޕࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ

11 Skinner, Liberty before Liberalism, Cambridge U.P. 1998. 㧔᪢ᵤ㗅৻⸶ޡ⥄↱ਥ⟵ߦవ┙ߟ⥄↱ޢޔ⡛ቇ㒮ᄢቇ ಴ ળޔ2001 ᐕ㧕 12 Pettit, P., Republicanism: A Theory of Freedom and Government, Oxford, 1997. 13 Kramnick, I., Republicanism and Bourgeois Radicalism: Political Ideology in Late Eighteenth-Century England and America, Cornell U.P., 1990. 14 Appleby, J., Liberalism and Republicanism in the Historical Imagination, Harvard U.P., 1992. 15 Wootton, D., Republicanism, Liberty, and Commercial Society 1649-1776, 1994. 16 Burtt,S, Virtue Transformed: Political Argument in England, 1688-1740, Cambridge U.P., 1992. 17 Hont, op.cit. 18 Claeys, Gregory, Citizens and Saints: Politics and Anti-Politics in Early British Socialism, Cambridge U.P. 1989. 19 Bock, Skinner, Viroli eds., Machiavelli and Republicanism, Cambridge U.P., 1990. 20 Kramnick, op.cit, 1990.

－33－ ࠼໪⫥㧔౒๺ਥ⟵㧕ߩᓇ㗀ߩ⎇ⓥߪዋߥ޿ 21ޕ ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ౒๺ਥ⟵ߢߪ⁛┙ߩ♖␹ޔ᳃౓ߩᱞാᔃޔ⁛┙ት⸒ޔวⴐ࿖ᙗᴺߥߤߩᴺౖޔࡈ࡜ࡦࠢ࡝ࡦ ߿ࡍࠗࡦߩ໡ᬺ౒๺࿖⺰ߣޔࠢ࡟ࡧࠢ࡯࡞߿ࠫࠚࡈࠔࠬࡦߩㄘᧄ⊛౒๺ਥ⟵߇໧㗴ߦߥࠆޕㄘᧄਥ⟵ߣ ᅛ㓮೙ߩ㑐ଥ߽㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆޕࡂࡒ࡞࠻ࡦߪࡍࠗࡦએ਄ߦᎿᬺ㊀ⷞߩ໡ᬺ౒๺࿖⺰ࠍឝߍࠆ߇ޔධㇱߩ࠹ ࠗ࡜࡯߿ࠫࡖࠢࠬࡦߪㄘᧄ⊛౒๺࿖ࠍ⺑޿ߚޕ

4㧚ฬ⹷㕟๮૕೙ߣᏢ࿖㧦ᄢࡉ࡝࠹ࡦߩ໪⫥߆㧫

ฬ⹷㕟๮ߪ㨬⥄↱ߥ࿖ኅ㨭ࠍ᮸┙ߒߚޕᮭ೑┨ౖ߇࿖₺ߦࠃߞߡᛚ⹺ߐࠇޔᷙว᡽૕ߣਃᮭಽ┙ޔ⼏ળ ᡽ᴦ߇ታ⃻ߒޔ࿖᳃ߩ⥄↱ߣ⽷↥߇଻⸽ߐࠇߚ 22ޕߒ߆ߒ⥄↱ߩ᮸┙ߪ࿎㔍ߥ⺖㗴ߢ޽ߞߚ 23ޕᱧผߩ ᷗߦ޽ࠆ᳃ⴐߦᵈ⋡ߒߚߩߪ࠻ࡓࠬࡦߢ޽ࠅ 24 ޔ᳃ⴐᢥൻߦ㑐ᔃ߇㜞߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ 25ޕࠢ࡜࡯ࠢߪ 26᳃ⴐ ࠍᛥ࿶ߔࠆ૕೙ߣߒߡฬ⹷㕟๮એᓟߩᤨઍࠍᝒ߃ࠆޕ෺ᣇࠍ⷗ߡ޿ࠆ࠺ࠖࠠࡦࠬࡦߩ⎇ⓥ 27ߪ㊀ⷐߢ޽ ࠆޕ ࡉ࡝ࡘࠕ߇࿖ኅߩౣ⊒⷗ࠍవዉߒߚ 28ޕ࿖ౝߩᐔ๺㧔໡ᬺ⊛❥ᩕޔ⼏ળ᡽ᴦޔ࿾ᣇಽᮭޔ⥄↱ߣᚲ᦭ ߩࠗ࠺ࠝࡠࠡ࡯㧕ߣኻᄖ⊛ᚢ੎ߪ޿߆ߦߒߡਔ┙ߒߚ߆㧫 ㎛ߪ㨬⽷᡽̆ァ੐࿖ኅ㨭Military-fiscal state ߩ᭎ᔨߢޔ࠺ࠖࠢࠬࡦߩ⎇ⓥ 29ߩ⛮ᛚߢ޽ࠆޕᄢࡉ࡝࠹ࡦޟ࿖᳃ߩ㎊ㅧޠߩ⎇ⓥ߇ࠦ࡝࡯ߦࠃߞߡߥߐ ࠇ 30ޔᏢ࿖ߩ᭎ᔨߣ໪⫥ߩ㑐ଥߦ␜ໂࠍਈ߃ࠆ⎇ⓥ߇ޔࠕ࡯ࡒ࠹࡯ࠫ 31ޔࠬ࠻࡯ࡦ✬⪺ 32 ޔࠤࠗࡦ㧩ࡎ ࡊࠠࡦ࠭ 33 ޔࡠࡃ࡯࠻ࠬࡦ✬⪺ 34ߥߤ⋡⊕᛼ߒߢޔ⽷᡽ァ੐࿖ኅߣᶏᵗᏢ࿖ 35߇⺰ߓࠄࠇߚޕࡉ࡝࠹ࡦ ߪ 1689 ᐕ߆ࠄ 1815 ᐕ㧔࠻࡜ࡈࠔ࡞ࠟ࡯ߩᶏᚢߣ࠙ࠜ࡯࠲࡯࡞࡯ߩൎ೑㧕߹ߢᚢ੎ࠍ⛯ߌߚޕ ࡜ࡦࠣࡈࠜ࡯࠼ߥߤߪޟਛᵹ㓏⚖ޠmiddling sortࠍ⊒⷗ߒ 36ޔ ࿾ᣇㇺᏒߪᢥൻ⊛ߦ❥ᩕߒߚ 37 ޕ໪ ⫥ߪޔ࿾ਥ᡽ᮭߩਅߢߩਛᵹ㓏⚖ߩᶖ⾌ᢥൻ 38ߣ޿߁৻஥㕙ࠍ߽ߜޔ⍮⼂ੱࠍᕲ㘈᝼ਈߢขࠅㄟ߻ᡰ㈩

21 McFarland, E.W., Ireland and Scotland in the Age of Revolution, Edinburgh U.P., 1994. 22 Dickinson, H.T., Liberty and Property, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1977.㧔↰ਛ⑲ᄦ⋙⸶ޔਛỈାᒾઁ⸶ޡ⥄↱ߣᚲ ᦭ޢޔ࠽ࠞ࠾ࠪࡗ಴ ޔ2006 ᐕ㧕 23 Hoppit, J., A Land of Liberty? England 1689-1727, Oxford U.P., 2000. 24 Thompson, E.P., Whigs and Hunters: The Origin of the Black Act, London: Allen Lane, 1975; Customs in Common: Studies in Traditional Popular Culture, London: Merlin, 1991. 25 Mullan, J & C. Reid, Eighteenth-Century Popular Culture: A Selection, Oxford U.P., 2000; Raven, J. Judging New Wealth: Popular Publishing and Responses to Commerce in England 1750-1800, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992. 26 Clerk, J.C.D, English Society 1660-1832, 2nd edition, Cambridge U.P., 2000. 27 Dikinson, H.T., op. cit., 1977. 28 Brewer, The Sinews of Power: War, Money and the English State 1688-1783, London: Unwin Hyman, 1989.㧔ᄢ ਭ଻᩵ሶ⸶ޡ⽷᡽㧩ァ੐࿖ኅߩⴣ᠄㧦ᚢ੎࡮ࠞࡀ࡮ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ࿖ኅ 1688-1787ޢޔฬฎደᄢቇ಴ ળޔ1987 ᐕ㧕 29 Dickson, The Financial Revolution, MacMillan, 1967. 30 Colley, L. Britons: Forging the Nation 1707-1837, London and Newhaven, 1993. 㧔Ꮉർ⒤⋙⸶ޡࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ࿖᳃ ߩ⺀↢ޢޔฬฎደᄢቇ಴ ળޔ2000 ᐕ㧕 31 Armitage, The Ideological Origins of British Empire, Cambridge U.P.㧔ᐔ↰ޔጤ੗ઁ⸶ޡᏢ࿖ߩ⺀↢̆ࡉ࡝࠹ࡦ Ꮲ࿖ߩࠗ࠺ࠝࡠࠡ࡯⊛⿠Ḯޢޔᣣᧄ⚻ᷣ⹏⺰␠ޔ2005 ᐕ㧕 32 Stone, L. ed., An Imperial State at war: Britain from 1689-1815, Routledge, 1994. 33 Cain, P.J & A.G. Hopkins, British Imperialism 1688-2000, Longman 2nd ed. 2002. 34 Robertson, J. ed. A Union for Empire: Political Thought and the Union of 1707, Cambridge U.P., 1995. 35 Armitage, D & M.J. Braddick eds., The British Atlantic World, 1500-1800, Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.Hancock, D., Citizens of the World: London Merchants and the Integration of the British Atlantic Community, 1735-1785, Cambridge U.P., 1995. 36 Langford, Paul, A Polite and Commercial People, England 1729-1783, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989. 37 Borsay, P., The English Urban Renaissance: Culture and Society in the Provincial Town 1660-1770, Oxford, 1989. 38 Plumb, J.H. ed. The Birth of Consumer Society: The Commercialization of Eighteenth Century England, Bloomingston, 1982㧧A. Bermingham &J. Brewer eds., The Consumption of Culture 1600-1800: Image, Object, Text, Routledge, 1995.

－34－ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第一会場

⠪ߩࠗ࠺ࠝࡠࠡ࡯ᚢ⇛߽޽ߞߚޕ࿾ਥ᡽ᮭߪ㊄Ⲣ㓏⚖ߣㅪ៤ߒߡޔ࿖ౝߢߩᐔⓏޔ቟ካߩㅊ᳞㧩⥄↱ߥ ࿖೙ߩ᭴▽ߣޔᶏᄖ߳ߩⷓᮭߣ೑ᮭߩㅊ᳞㧩ޟᚢ੎ߣᏢ࿖ᑪ⸳ޠࠍ᳞߼ߚޕࡠ࡯ࡑߩஉᄢߐߦ㝯ੌߐࠇ ߚࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ߩ౉ᬀ⠪ߚߜߪޔࡠ࡯ࡑੱߩࠃ߁ߦㄘᬺࠍᗲߒޔ⽕㇗ࠍᑪߡޔᅛ㓮ࠍ૶ᓎߔࠆᢥൻࠍࠕ ࡔ࡝ࠞߦዉ౉ߒߚޕߎ߁ߒߚ⣣ᢌߒߚ࿖ኅߣᢥൻߦขࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚߊߥ޿⍮⼂ੱߪᕆㅴൻߔࠆޕ ࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ߩ⚻ᷣቇߪߤ߁ߥߞߚ߆㧫 ࠲࠶ࠞ࡯ޔࡍࠗ࡝࡯ߣ㕖࿖ᢎᓤࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࡯ޔᕆㅴਥ⟵⠪ߩ⚻ ᷣᕁᗐߪߤ߁߆㧫 ໪⫥ߩ⺖㗴ߪ࠴ࡖ࡯࠹ࠖࠬ࠻ㆇേߦฃߌ⛮߇ࠇޔഭ௛⠪㓏⚖ߩ⍮⊛⸃᡼ߪㅴ߹ߥ߆ߞ ߚޕࡃ࡯ࠢ߿ࡑ࡞ࠨ߽ࠬߘ߁ߛ߇ޔࡒ࡞ߦ߅޿ߡ߽໪⫥ߣ⚻ᷣቇߪਥ㗴ߣߒߡ໧㗴ߦߒ߁ࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ

5㧚๟ㄝߩ໪⫥ߣ⚻ᷣቇ ࠕࠗ࡞࡜ࡦ࠼ ࡃ࡯ࡑࡦࠄߦࠃߞߡ 39ࠕࠗ࡞࡜ࡦ࠼໪⫥⎇ⓥ߇ᆎ߹ߞߚޕฬ⹷㕟๮ᓟޔ࠳ࡉ࡝ࡦߦࡕ࡯࡞࠭ࡢ࡯ࠬ㨯ࠨ ࡯ࠢ࡞߇↢߹ࠇޔࠕࠗ࡞࡜ࡦ࠼ߩᡷ㕟ߣ⽺࿎߆ࠄߩ⸃᡼ࠍ⋡ᜰߔޕޡࠕࠗ࡞࡜ࡦ࠼੐ᖱޢߪߘߩ✁㗔ߢ޽ ࠆޕᓐࠄߪࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߣㅪ៤ߒߚޕࡂ࠴ࠬࡦ 40 ߇ઍ⴫ߢ޽ࠆޕᒰ࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆ໪⫥ߣ⚻ᷣቇߩ㑐ଥߪޔ ࡃ࡯ࠢ࡝ޔࡂ࠴ࠬࡦ߿ࡃ࡯ࠢએᄖߪᧂ㐿ᜏߢ޽ࠆޕࠬ࠙ࠖࡈ࠻߽໪⫥ᕁᗐኅ߆㧫 ࠕࠗ࡞࡜ࡦ࠼ߢ߽ࡈ࡜ ࡦࠬ໪⫥ߪᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚ 41ޕࠕࠗ࡞࡜ࡦ࠼ߪࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼߿ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞᬀ᳃࿾ࠃࠅੱญ߽ᄙߊޔ໪⫥ߩ น⢻ᕈ߽޽ߞߚ߇ޔࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ߦࠃߞߡ↥ᬺࠍᛥ࿶ߐࠇޔࠞ࠻࡝࠶ࠢߩવ⛔⊛␠ળߣߒߡ⽺࿎ߦ༎߉ޔ ໪⫥ߪᧄᩰൻߒߥ߆ߞߚޕർࠕࠗ࡞࡜ࡦ࠼ߩ㕖࿖ᢎᓤቇ↢ߪࠣ࡜ࠬࠧ࠙ߦ⇐ቇߒߚޕࠬࡒࠬ߿ࡒ࡜࡯ߩ ᒉሶޔࠛࡔ࠶࠻߿࠺ࠖࠢࠬࡦߪ࿖ߦᚯࠅޔUnited Irishmenࠍ⚿ᚑߒߡ␠ળߩᡷ㕟ߦ⧰㑵ߔࠆޕ

ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ໪⫥ߪࡔࠗߩ⎇ⓥߦᆎ߹ࠆ 42ޕޡࡈࠚ࠺࡜࡝ࠬ࠷ޢߩઁߦࠠࡖࡁࡦߪߥ޿߇ޔࡈ࡜ࡦࠢ࡝ࡦޔ ࠙ࠖࠩࠬࡊ࡯ࡦޔࠕ࠳ࡓ࠭ޔࠫࠚࡈࠔࠬࡦޔࡂࡒ࡞࠻ࡦޔࡑ࠺ࠖࠬࡦޔ࡜࠶ࠪࡘޔࠬ࠲࠽࠶ࡊ࡮ࠬࡒࠬ ߥߤᕁᗐኅߪᄙ჻ᷣޘߢ޽ࠆޕࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ໪⫥ߩᦨ߽㊀ⷐߥ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢߪ⁛┙㕟๮ߣᑪ࿖ߢ޽ࠆޕߘߩᕁᗐ ⊛⿠Ḯ߇ࡠ࠶ࠢߥߩ߆ޔࠞࡦ࠻࡝ߩ౒๺ਥ⟵ߥߩ߆⺰੎ߐࠇޔSEߣߩ㑐ଥ 43 ߿ࡈ࡜ࡦࠬ໪⫥ߩᓇ㗀߽⺰ ὐߢ޽ࠆޕࡈࠖ࡜࠺࡞ࡈࠖࠕߣࡏࠬ࠻ࡦޔࡧࠔࠫ࠾ࠕ߇໪⫥ߩ᜚ὐߢ޽ߞߚޕᬀ᳃࿾ߩᕆㅴᵷߣࠗࡦࠣ ࡜ࡦ࠼ߩᕆㅴᵷߩ㑐ଥ߽޽ࠆޕࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߪ⁛┙ߒߡ߿ߞߡ޿ߌࠆ߆ޔ್ὼߣߒߥ߆ߞߚޕᄙߊߪว㇌ࠍ ᡰᜬߒߚ߇ޔࡈ࡜ࡦࠢ࡝ࡦߩว㇌㧩㚂ㇺ⒖ォ⺰߇㓚ኂߣߥߞߚޕ࠲࠶ࠞ࡯ޔ࡚ࠫࡦࠬࡦޔࡈࠔ࡯ࠟࠬࡦ ߪޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߪ⁛┙ᓟߦಽⵚߒᲣ࿖ߦዮ᦯ߔࠆߣ੍ᗐߒߚ߇ޔࡅࡘ࡯ࡓ߿ࠬࡒࠬߪน⢻ᕈߦᵈ⋡ߒߚޕ ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߣࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߩ㑐ଥߪ࠲ࡃࠦߣ⍾♧ߥߤߩ⾏ᤃ߽ੱ⊛੤ᵹ߽㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆޕࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ ࠼ੱߩ✚〈߽޿ߚߒޔ࠙ࠖࠩࠬࡊ࡯ࡦߪᢎ⢒ߢᓇ㗀ജ߇޽ߞߚޕ߹ߚකᏧࠍ฽߼ޔᄢ㊂ߩ⒖᳃ 44߇޽ࠆޕ ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ㕟๮ߦߪࠕ࡞ࠬ࠲࡯ߩ㐳⠧ᵷ߽⽸₂ߒߚ 45ޕࡂ࠴ࠬࡦߪࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߣࠕࠗ࡞࡜ࡦ࠼ࠍᓔ᧪ ߒߚޕᓐࠍㅢߓߡਔ࿖ߩ໪⫥ߪ㑐ㅪࠍ߽ߟޕᓐߪࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ໪⫥ߦ߽ᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚޕࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳ߣࠗࡦࠣ࡜ ࡦ࠼ߩೋᦼ໪⫥ߥߒߦSEߪߥߊޔSEߥߒߦߪࠕࠗ࡞࡜ࡦ࠼໪⫥߽ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ໪⫥߽ߥ߆ߞߚޕࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߣ ࡈ࡜ࡦࠬߩ໪⫥ᕁᗐኅߩ੤ᵹ߽㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆޕ㑐ㅪߪ㊀ⷐߢޔ໪⫥ߪ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄߩ౒ㅢߩㆮ↥ߢ޽ࠆޕ

39 Berman ߥߤ✬㓸ޡࠕࠗ࡞࡜ࡦ࠼໪⫥ߣ෻໪⫥ޢో 6 Ꮞ߇ 2002 ᐕߦ࠹ࡓࠬ߆ࠄೀⴕߐࠇߚޕ 40 Brown, M. Francis Hutcheson in Dublin, 1719-1730, Four Court Press, 2002. 41 Garrgett, G. and G. Sheridan eds., Ireland and the French Enlightenment, 1700-1800, Macmillan, 1999. 42 May H.F. The Enlightenment in America, New York: OUP, 1976. 㧔1. The Moderate Enlightenment 1688-1787㧧2. The Skeptical Enlightenment 1750-1789㧧3. The revolutionary Enlightenment 1776-1800㧧4. The Didactic Enlightenment 1800-1815㧕 43 Sher, R.B. & J.R. Smitten eds. Scotland and America in the Age of the Enlightenment, Edinburgh U.P., 1990; Court, F.E., The Scottish Connection: The Rise of English Literary Study in Early America, Syracuse U.P., 2001. 44 Adams, I and S. Meredyth, Cargoes of Despair and Hope: Scottish Emigration to North America 1603-1803, John Donald, 1993. 45 McBride, I.R., Scripture Politics: Ulster Presbyterians and Irish Radicalism in the Late Eighteenth Century, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998, p. 114.

－35－ ࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼໪⫥ ࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼໪⫥ߪ᣿⏕ߥ․ᓽࠍ߽ߟޕᢎ᝼ߣᴺᦡޔ’Ꮷߩ໪⫥ߢޔ૕♽⊛ߥືቇ⊛⪺૞ߣᢎ⑼ᦠ ߇㓙┙ߟޕᄢቇߢ㆏ᓼືቇ߇૕♽⊛ߦ⻠⟵ߐࠇޔ⚻ᷣቇ߇ᚑ┙ߒߚޕ྾ᄢቇߣᢎળޔᑯ⼔჻ળޔ⺣⺰ࠢ ࡜ࡉ߿ᡷ⦟ㆇേߥߤߩ⻉࿅૕߇ၮ⋚ߣߥߞߚޕઍ⴫ߪࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߣࠬࡒࠬߢޔ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄ໪⫥߽ઍ⴫ߔࠆޕ ᓐࠄߣࠤࠗࡓ࠭ޔࡈࠔ࡯ࠟࠬࡦޔࡠࡃ࡯࠻ࠬࡦߥߤ߇ᵴべߒߚ 1745 ᐕએ㒠ߩᢙචᐕ߇໪⫥ߩ㗂ὐߢޔᓐ ࠄߪኽᑪㆮ೙ޔ⛘ኻਥ⟵ޔ࠻࡯࡝࡯ߣࠫࡖࠦࡃࠗ࠻ߩવ⛔ਥ⟵ޔ㗎ㅅߥቬᢎߥߤߣᩰ㑵ߒߚޕߘࠇߪ౒ ๺ਥ⟵ߩታ〣ߢ߽޽ߞߚޕ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄ߿ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߦ⍮ࠄࠇߚ⍮⼂ੱߪޔࡂ࠴ࠬࡦޔࡈࠜ࡯࠳ࠗࠬޔ࠲࡯ ࡦࡉ࡞ޔ࠳ࡦࠞࡦޔࡈࠔ࡯ࠟࠬࡦޔࠤࠗࡓ࠭ޔࡒ࡜࡯ޔࡠࡃ࡯࠻ࠬࡦޔࡉ࡟ࠕޔ࡝࡯࠼ޔࡆ࡯࠹ࠖޔ࠙ ࠖࠩࠬࡊ࡯ࡦޔ㧰࡮ࠬ࠹ࡘࠕ࡯࠻ߥߤߢޔJ࡮ࠬ࠹ࡘࠕ࡯࠻߽ήⷞߒ߇ߚ޿ޕᓐ߽⁛⥄ߩ໪⫥߆㧫⥄ὼ⑼ ቇ߿කቇߢ߽ࡑࠢࡠ࡯࡝ࡦޔࡉ࡜࠶ࠢޔࠞ࡟ࡦޔࡂ࠶࠻ࡦޔࠣ࡟ࠧ࡝࡯৻ᣖߥߤ߇޿ߚޕ SE߽৻ᨎጤߢߪߥ޿ޕࡂ࠴ࠬࡦ߆ࠄࠬࡒࠬޔࡒ࡜࡯߳ߩᡷ㕟⊛ߥ⥄↱ਥ⟵ᕁᗐߩᵹࠇߣޔ࡝࡯࠼ޔࠤ ࠗࡓ࠭ޔ࠙ࠖࠩࠬࡊ࡯ࡦ߳ߩ଻቞⊛ߥᵹࠇߦಽ߆ࠇࠆޕ㐳⠧ᵷ߽ᱜ⛔ᵷ㧩᳃ⴐᵷߣⓏஜᵷߦಽ߆ࠇߚޕ ࠛࡑࠬࡦߪޔࠕ࡯ࠟࠗ࡞౏ῲߎߘSEߩῳߛߣਥᒛߔࠆ 46ޕ᳃ንߩ⫾Ⓧߩㆃࠇߚࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߢߪޔ౏ ῲ߿ࡒ࡞࠻ࡦ෌ߥߤߩᕲ㘈߇໪⫥ࠍᡰ߃ߚޕ߹ߚᡷ⦟ߦ㑐ߒߡว㇌ᵷߣ⁛┙⛽ᜬᵷߩኻ┙߽޽ߞߚ 47ޕ ᮭജ⠪ߩᕲ㘈ࠍᓧߚ໪⫥ߩផㅴ⠪ߪㇹ࿖ࠍ⥄↱ޔን⵨ޔᐘ⑔ߦߔߴߊദജߒߚޕ૕♽⊛⪺૞ߦߪࠬ࠻ ࡜࡯ࡦ߿ࡑ࡝╬ߩ಴ ੱ߽⽸₂ߒߚޕࡑ࡝ߪࡒ࡜࡯ޡ㓏⚖඙ಽߩ⿠Ḯޢ㧔1771 ᐕ㧕ߩⷙᮨߦਇḩߢޔჇ ⵬ ࠍ಴ߒߚ߇ߞߚ 48ޕ಴ ผ߆ࠄߩធㄭߪޔࠪࡖ࡯ߩㄭ⪺ߢ㗂ὐࠍᭂ߼ࠆ 49ޕࠠ࠶࠼ߪޔࠛࠬ࠾࠶ࠢ ߥ࿾ᐔࠍ㐿ᜏߒ 50ޔࠕ࡜ࡦߪ⿠Ḯࠍ㆚ࠆ⎇ⓥࠍ಴ߒ 51ޔࡈ࡜ࡦࠬ໪⫥ߣߩ㑐ଥࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆ⎇ⓥ߽޽ࠆ 52ޕ

6㧚ᓟㅴ࿾ၞߦ߅ߌࠆ໪⫥ߣ⚻ᷣቇ

18 ਎♿ߦ޽ߞߡߪᓟㅴߩࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ߪవㅴ࿖ࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ߦㅊ޿ߟߊߴߊޔੱ㑆ߩ㒻ಃߣቇ໧ߩ⊒ ዷޔ␠ળ߿↥ᬺߩᡷༀߦബࠎߛޕ᡽ᴦቇߣᴺቇߩߥ߆ߢሺ߹ࠇޔ߿߇ߡ⥄┙ߔࠆ⚻ᷣቇߣߪ޿߆ߥࠆቇ ໧ߢ޽ࠆ߆ޕߤߩࠃ߁ߥᱧผ⊛⺖㗴ࠍ߽ߞߡ↢߹ࠇߚߩ߆ޕࡑ࡞ࠢࠬߪ 150 ᐕ߶ߤ೨ߦޔ⚻ᷣቇᛕ್ࠍ ᦠ޿ߡޔ⽺࿎ޔੱ㑆⇹ᄖ߆ࠄߩ⸃᡼ߩቇߣߒߡ⚻ᷣቇࠍ㎊߃⋥ߘ߁ߣߒߚޕᓐߪฎౖᵷ⚻ᷣቇߩ⛮ᛚ⠪ ࠍછߓޔഭ௛ଔ୯⺑ࠍᢇ޿಴ߘ߁ߣߒߚޕࡅࡘ࡯ࡓ߿ࠬࡒࠬߪߐࠄߦ 100 ᐕએ਄ᤄߦޔൕഭߣ␠੤ᕈޔ ੱ㑆ᗲߦଔ୯ࠍ᳞߼ࠆᕁᗐ૕♽ࠍ⚜߉ߛߒߡ޿ߚޕᓐࠄߪޔੱ㑆ᧄᕈߦߟ޿ߡߩㅘᔀߒߚ⹺⼂ߣ␠ળ೙ ᐲޔ␠ળⷙ▸ࠍ⚿߮ઃߌߡޔ⥄↱ਥ⟵⊛ߥᏒ᳃␠ળࠍ᭴▽ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߚޕߘࠇߪ⥄↱ਥ⟵㧔୘ੱਥ⟵⊛ ⥄↱㧕ߣ౒๺ਥ⟵㧔౏౒⊛ᓼ㧕ߩ✚วߢ޽ߞߚޕᓐࠄߪኽᑪ⊛㓮ᓥ߿ޔᮭജߦࠃࠆᮮ᥸߆ࠄ᳃ⴐࠍ⸃᡼ ߔࠆᕁᗐࠍ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚޕᓐࠄߩ⚻ᷣቇߪᐢ⟵ߩ໪⫥ߩ⚻ᷣቇߢ޽ࠆޕߘߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߣߒߡޔᒝߺ߽ᒙ ߺ߽޽ߞߚޕ੹ᣣޔ⾗ᧄਥ⟵ߣᏒ႐⚻ᷣ߇ൎߜᱷࠅޔੱ㑆ߪߘࠇࠍ㘺޿㚔ࠄߖߥ޿ߢ޿ࠆ৻ᣇޔ⚻ᷣቇ ߇ߚࠎߥࠆᏗዋᕈߩ⑼ቇ㧔Robbins㧕ޔᚲਈߩ೨ឭߩਛߢ⚻ᷣ⊛วℂᕈࠍᦨᄢൻߔࠆࠥ࡯ࡓߩቇߦߥߞߡ ޿ࠆߣߔࠇ߫ޔ߽߁޿ߜߤ໪⫥ߩ⚻ᷣቇࠍ㘈ߺߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ޕฎઍᢥൻߪᴚ⪭ߒṌ߮ߚޕ⃻ઍ⚻ᷣ ߽ᴚ⪭ߩἑᚭ㓙ߦ޽ࠆߩ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿ޕᣣᧄߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߪ૗ࠍߥߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠈ߁߆ޔ߹ߚ૗ࠍߥߒ߁ࠆߩ ߢ޽ࠈ߁߆ޕ

46 Emerson, Roger, Academic Patronage in the Scottish Enlightenment, Glasgow, Edinburgh and St. Andrews University, Edinburg U.P. 2008. ߘߩᓟޔࠛࡑࠬࡦߪࡅࡘ࡯ࡓ⎇ⓥࠍ߹ߣ߼ߡ޿ࠆޕEssays on David Hume, Medical Men and the Scottish Enlightenment, Ashgate, 2009. 47 Robertson, John, Scottish Enlightenment and the Militia Issue, John Donald, 1985.㑐Ḯᄥ㇢ޡޟ⚻ᷣ␠ળޠᒻᚑ ߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐ̆18 ਎♿ࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼ޟ⚻ᷣᡷ⦟ޠᕁᗐߩ⎇ⓥޢޔࡒࡀ࡞ࡧࠔᦠᚱޔ1994 ᐕޕ 48 Zacks, W., The First John Murray, and the Late Eighteenth-Century London Book Trade, Oxford U.P., 1998. 49 Sher, Richard, The Enlightenment and the Book, University of Chicago Press, 2006. 50 Colin Kidd, Subverting the Scotland’s Past, Cambridge U.P. 1993. 51 Allan, D., Virtue, Learning and the Scottish Enlightenment: Ideas of Scholarship in Early Modern History, 1993. 52 Dawson, D. & P. Morere, Scotland and France in the Enlightenment, Bucknell U.P., 2004.

－36－ ﹇第一日目﹈ ഭ௛ߩណ▚ᕈ̆̆࠴ࡘ࡯ࡀࡦޡ⥄ὼഭ⾓ޢߦ߅ߌࠆ̆̆ 第二会場

On the Profitability of Labor̆̆ in the Case of J.H. von Thünen’s ‘Natural Wage’̆̆ ࿯↰๺㐳㧔ን჻ᄢቇ㧕

ೋ߼ߦ ഭ௛ߩណ▚ᕈࠍ໧߁੹ᣣ⊛ᗧ⟵ߪ૗߆㧚ⷐ⚛ណ▚ᕈࠍ㧘ⷐ⚛↢↥ജ㧪ⷐ⚛⛽ᜬ⾌㧘޽ࠆ ޿ߪ㧘ⷐ⚛↢↥ജ㧛ⷐ⚛⛽ᜬ⾌҈㧝㧗೑ሶ₸㧘ߣቯ⟵ߒ㧘ഭ௛ incentive ࠍၮᧄߦ┙ߜ㄰ߞ ߡ⏕߆߼ߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿⁁ᴫ߇޽ࠆ߆ࠄߛ㧚ߚߣ߃߫㧘ᅚᕈ㕖ᱜⷙഭ௛ߩណ▚ߪขࠇߡ ޿ࠆߩߛࠈ߁߆㧘ᄖ࿖ੱන⚐ഭ௛ߩណ▚ߪขࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߛࠈ߁߆㧚ᒰੱߛߌߢߥߊ㧘ኅ⸘ ߿㓹↪ਥ㧘᡽ᐭ౏౒ㇱ㐷ߩᡰ಴ߣ෼౉ࠍㅪ⚿᳿▚ߒߡ␠ળ⊛ߦ⷗ߚߣ߈ߩណ▚ᕈࠍ⠨߃ࠆ ߣ㧘ᡷ߼ߡ⠨߃ߐߖࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩ߇޽ࠆ㧚ᚻ೨๧ཬߣ޿ࠊࠇࠆߎߣࠍⷡᖗߢ޿߃߫㧘ቇⴚ⎇ ⓥ߿⑼ቇᛛⴚ㐿⊒⠪ߩഭ௛ߩណ▚ߪขࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߛࠈ߁߆㧚એਅ㧘࠴ࡘ࡯ࡀࡦࠍ૶޿㧘ቇ ⺑ผ⊛ߦ⏕߆߼ߡߺࠃ߁㧚

㧝㧚⥄ὼഭ⾓л㨍㨜ߩᆎේⷙቯ J.H.von Thünen㧔1783.6.24㨪1850.9.22㧕ߩޟ⥄ὼഭ⾓ޠ⺰ࠍ㧘ഭ௛ߩណ▚ᕈߣ޿߁ⷰ ὐ߆ࠄౣ⠨ኤߔࠆ㧚 ⥄ὼഭ⾓л㨍㨜ࠍ߼ߋߞߡߪ㧘ᒻᚑߩਥ૕㧘േᯏ㧘ࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓ㧘᳓Ḱⷙቯ㧘⚿⺰ዉ಴ࡊ ࡠ࠮ࠬߦ㑐ߒߡ㧘ᄙߊߩ⼏⺰߇⾌߿ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ㧚ߘߩᚑᨐࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠇ߫㧘ᒻᚑਥ૕ߪ೑Ả ࠍ౒⋉ߔࠆഭ௛⠪㧘േᯏߪ෼౉ߩวℂ⊛ᦨᄢൻ㧘ᒻᚑࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߪਥ૕ᦨㆡൻⴕേߣᏒ႐ ┹੎㧘᳓Ḱⷙቯߪл㨍㨜㧘⚿⺰ዉ಴ߩㆊ⒟ߢ․ᱶߥ઒ቯࠍ⸳ቯߒᓸಽᴺࠍ⚻ᷣቇߦೋ૶↪㧘 ╬ߣ޿߁ߎߣߥࠈ߁㧚 ໧㗴ࠍᆎේߢ⷗ࠆߣℂ⸃ߒ߿ߔ޿㧚࠴ࡘ࡯ࡀࡦߪ㧘⺰ℂ⊛߆ߟᱧผ⊛ߥ⾗ᧄഃ಴ߩᆎේ ࡕ࠺࡞ߣߒߡ Tropen Länder ߹ߚߪ Welt ࠍ⸳ቯߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߘߎߢߥࠄ㧘л㨍㨜ߪ◲නߦዉ ߈಴ߖࠆ㧚޿߹㧘ഭ௛ߩ↢↥ജଔ୯ࠍ㧭㧘ഭ௛ߩ⛽ᜬ⾌ࠍ㨍㧘ਔ⠪ߩᏅ㗵ࠍ㨥㧘ഭ௛ߢ⵾ ૞ߐࠇࠆ⾗ᧄ⽷ଔ୯ࠍ㧭㧘⾗ᧄ೑Ảࠍǩ㧘ઃടଔ୯ࠍ㨜ߣ⴫⸥ߔࠇ߫㧘ഭ௛೑₸㨟㧩㧔ഭ ௛↢↥ജଔ୯㧙ഭ௛⛽ᜬ⾌㧕㧛ഭ௛⛽ᜬ⾌㧩㧔㧭㧙㨍㧕㧛㨍㧩㨥㧛㨍㧘⾗ᧄ೑₸㨦㧩㧔⾗ ᧄ↢↥ജଔ୯㧙⾗ᧄ⛽ᜬ⾌㧕㧛⾗ᧄ⛽ᜬ⾌㧩ǩ㧛㧭㧘ߣ⴫ߖࠆߩߢ㧘⾗ᧄⵝ஻ incentive ߪ㧘 㨟҇㨦㧘ߣ␜ߐࠇ㧘ߎߎ߆ࠄ㧘 㨥㧛㨍҇ǩ㧛㧔㨍㧗㨥㧕 ѕ㨥㧔㨍㧗㨥㧕҇㨍ǩ ѕ㧔㨍㧗㨥㧕㧞҇㨍㧔㨍㧗㨥㧗ǩ㧕 ѕ㧔㨍㧗㨥㧕㧞҇㨍㨜 ѕ㨍㧗㨥҇л㨍㨜 ߇ዉ߈಴ߖࠆ㧚

－37－ ਄ᑼߩᗧ๧ߪੑ᭽ߢ޽ࠆ㧚৻ߟߪ㧘ഭ௛ႎ㈽ߪߘߩ↢↥ജଔ୯ߦߒߚ߇ߞߡᡰᛄࠊࠇ㧘 ㅢᏱ㧘ߘߩ⛽ᜬ⾌ࠍ਄࿁ࠆ೾૛㧘޿ࠊ߫ഭ௛೑Ảࠍ฽߻ߎߣ㧘↢ᵴᡷༀ㧘ഭ௛⢻ജะ਄ߪ ߎߩഭ௛೑Ảࠍේ⾗ߦⴕࠊࠇࠆߎߣ㧘ߘ߁ߢߥߌࠇ߫㧘ሽ⛯ਇน⢻ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ഭ௛ incentive ߇ḝ߆ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧚߽߁৻ߟߪ㧘↢↥ജ base ߩഭ⾓ߪቯ⟵ߦࠃࠅ㧭ߣߥࠆ߇㧘 ઒ߦߘࠇࠍ਄࿁ࠆಽ㈩ࠍⷐ᳞ߒߚߣߒߡ߽㧘ߘߩวℂ⊛਄㒢ߪഭ௛⛽ᜬ⾌ߣઃടଔ୯ߩᐞ ૗ᐔဋߢਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆߎߣ㧘ߘ߁ߢߥߌࠇ߫㧘วℂ⊛ߥ⾗ᧄട㈩ߪታⴕߐࠇߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣ ߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ⾗ᧄߩ⊒↢એ೨ߩᲑ㓏ߢ㧘ഭ௛೑Ảߥ޿ߒ೑ሶ Zins ߇ⷙቯߐࠇ㧘ഭ௛೑₸ߣߩᲧセ⒊㊂ ߢ⾗ᧄ⵾૞㧘ⵝ஻ߩวℂᕈ㧘ណ▚ᕈ߇⺆ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆὐ߇㊀ⷐߛ㧚ഭ௛ߩ↢↥ജ߇ഭ௛ߩ⛽ ᜬ⾌ࠍ਄࿁ࠆߎߣ㧘ߎࠇߎߘ೾૛ߩḮߢ޽ࠅ㧘೾૛ߩ⺧᳞ᩮ᜚ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߘߩᗧ๧ߢ㧘ഭ௛ ߎߘ೑ⷫ㧔೑Ḯ㧕ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߘߩ೾૛ࠍ೑ሶߣ๭߱ߩߪㆡಾߣ޿߃ࠃ߁㧚 ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡀࡦߩߘߩᓟߩ⺰ℂࠍวℂ⊛ߦㄡࠇ߫㧘㨟㧨㨦㧘߇ḩߚߐࠇࠆ㒢ࠅ㧘⾗ᧄട㈩߇ ⛮⛯ߐࠇ㧘ട㈩ߩㅴⴕߣߣ߽ߦ⾗ᧄߩ㒢⇇↢↥ജ߇ㅛᷫߔࠆߚ߼㧘⾗ᧄⵝ஻ߩ޽ࠆ᳓Ḱߢ㧘 㨟㧩㨦㧘ߣߥࠅ㧘⾗ᧄߪ㘻๺ߒ㧘೑Ả߇ᦨᄢൻߐࠇ㧘⾗ᧄⵝ஻߇ᦨㆡൻߐࠇࠆߣ޿߁⼏⺰ ߦߥࠆ㧚

㧞㧚л㨍㨜ࠍ߼ߋࠆᖺੂ  ߚߛߒ㧘࠴ࡘ࡯ࡀࡦ⥄り߇ዷ㐿ߒߚ⼏⺰ߦߪ㧘⁛․ߩ઒ቯߣ▚ᴺ߇ᄙߊ฽߹ࠇ㧘ߘࠇ߇㧘 ໧㗴߇ᖺੂߐߖߡ߈ߚߎߣ߽੐ታߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ๟⍮ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘л㨍㨜౏ᑼߦߪ㧘৻ੱᒰߚࠅ⾗ᧄⵝ஻ᢙ㨝ࠍ৻ቯߣߒ㧘ߘࠇߦࠃߞߡ৻ ੱᒰߚࠅઃടଔ୯㨜ࠍ৻ቯߣߒ㧘㨥นᄌߣߒߡಽ㈩ᦧ߃ߦࠃߞߡ৻ੱᒰߚࠅ⾓ᢱ㨞ࠍᦨᄢ ൻߔࠆ⾓㊄ࠍ᳞߼л㨍㨜ࠍᓧࠆ߽ߩߣ㧘㨝ࠍนᄌߣߒ㧘㒢⇇↢↥ജㅛᷫߣᮡḰ↢↥ജߩ᳿ ቯ㧘⿥ㆊ⾓ᢱߩ⊒↢ߣഭ⾓⚵౉ࠇ㧘ഭ⾓਄᣹ߦኻᔕߒߚ⾗ᧄ⹏ଔᦧ߃ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡ㧘㨞ࠍᦨ ᄢൻߔࠆ㨝ࠍ᳞߼㧘ߘߩߣ߈ߩഭ⾓߇л㨍㨜ߣߥࠆߎߣࠍ⺰⸽ߔࠆ߽ߩߣ߇޽ࠆ㧚  ೎Ⓜߢ⺰ߓߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘ಽ㈩ߩл㨍㨜ߪ㧘ᛩ౉ߐࠇߚ⾗ᧄߣഭ௛ߩ᭴ᚑᲧࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡ޿ߥ ޿ὐߢᰳ㒱߇޽ࠅ㧘⾗ᧄߩᦨㆡട㈩ߦࠃࠆл㨍㨜ߪ㧘ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ⻉໧㗴ࠍౝ൮ߒߡ޿ߚ㧚 ߔߥࠊߜ㧘ೋ⊒ߦ⸳ቯߐࠇߚ㧝ᐕഭ⾓㧩㧝ᐕഭ௛⾗ᧄଔ୯㧩㨝ᐕഭ௛⾗ᧄఘළ⾌㧩㧭㧘 ߣ޿߁઒ቯࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߚ߼㧘⾗ᧄⵝ஻ᢙ㧩⾗ᧄ⠴↪ᐕᢙ㧩㨝㧘ߣ޿߁઒ቯࠍᥧ㤩⵰ߦ೨ឭ ߒߚߎߣ㧘⾗ᧄട㈩ψ㒢⇇↢↥ജㅛᷫψᦨ⚳㒢⇇↢↥ജߩᮡḰ↢↥ജൻψ⿥ㆊ೑Ả⊒↢ψ ߘߩഭ⾓߳ߩ⚵౉ࠇψഭ⾓਄᣹ψ⾗ᧄ⹏ଔᦧ߃ψ㒢⇇೑₸ㅛᷫߩടㅦψ⾗ᧄ㘻๺ὐߩ೨ୟ ߒ㧘ߣ޿߁ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍណ↪ߒߚ߇㧘ߘߩ㓙㧘㨝ᐕഭ௛⾗ᧄߩ⿥ㆊ⾓ᢱ⸘ࠍ 1 ᐕഭ⾓ߦో㗵 ⚵౉ࠇ㧘ߘࠇߦࠃߞߡ਄᣹ߒߚഭ⾓㗵ࠍ㨝ᐕഭ௛⾗ᧄߔߴߡߩ⹏ଔᦧ߃ߦㆡ↪ߒߚߎߣ㧘 ᡆ೙ߩଔ୯⸘▚ߒߚߎߣ㧘ߐࠄߦ㧘⾗ᧄട㈩ߩ incentive ࠍ㧘㨟҇㨦㧘ၮḰߦࠃࠆ೑Ảᦨᄢ ൻߦ᳞߼ࠆߴ߈ߣߎࠈࠍ㧘৻ੱᒰߚࠅ㈩ᒰ⾓ᢱ㨞ߩᦨᄢൻߣ޿߁ၮḰߦㅺࠄߒߡߒ߹ߞߚ ߎߣ㧘ߘߩ⚿ᨐ㧘㨞ᦨᄢൻߔࠆл㨍㨜ࠍ㧘㨟҇㨦㧘ၮḰ߆ࠄὐᬌߒߚ႐ว㧘ណ▚࡜ࠗࡦࠍ ߅⹤ߦߥࠄߥ޿߶ߤᄢ᏷ߦഀߞߡߒ߹߁᳓Ḱ߹ߢഭ⾓ࠍ਄ߍߡߒ߹߁ߎߣ㧘╬ߢ޽ࠆ㧔ߎ

－38－ ࠇࠄߩὐߪ㧘೎Ⓜߢ⺰ߓᷣߺ㧕㧚 ﹇第一日目﹈ 第二会場  ߢߪ㧘૗߽ቇ߱ߎߣߪߥ޿ߩ߆㧚ߘ߁ߢߪߥ޿㧚ᦨㆡൻߣ㘻๺ߩ඙೎ߣ㑐ㅪߦߟ޿ߡ᦭ ⋉ߥ␜ໂࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚

㧟㧚ᦨᄢ㧘ᦨዊ㧘ᦨㆡ㧘㘻๺ ഭ௛㧸ࠍ㨚ੱ㧘⾗ᧄ㧷ࠍ㧽න૏↪޿ߡ↢↥ࠍߔࠆ㧚↢↥㑐ᢙߪ㧘㧲㧔㧽㧷㧘㨚㧸㧕㧘ߣߥ ࠆ㧚৻ੱᒰߚࠅߢߪ㧘㧲㧔㧽㧷㧛㨚㧘㧸㧕㧩㧲㧔㨝㧷㧘㧸㧕ߣߥࠅ㧘↥಴㗵ߪ㧘㧭{㧔㨝㧛 ⠴↪ᐕᢙ㧕㧗㨦}㧗㧭㧘ߣ⴫ߐࠇࠆ㧚⾗ᧄߩ⠴↪ᐕᢙ㧩㨝㧘ߣ઒ቯߔࠇ߫㧘਄ᑼߪ㧘㧭㧔㧝 㧗㨦㧕㧗㧭㧘ߣߥࠅ㧘⾗ᧄട㈩ߦߣ߽ߥ޿㒢⇇↢↥ജ߇ㅛᷫߔࠇ߫㧘㨦ψ㨟㧘ߣߥࠆߩߢ㧘 㘻๺ὐߢߪ㧘㧭㧔㧝㧗㨟㧕㧗㧭㧘ߣߥࠆ㧚ߎߩߣ߈ߩᄌᢙ㑆ߩ㑐ଥࠍ࿑␜ߔࠆߣ㧘㒢⇇↢ ↥ജߩᮡḰൻ߆ࠄ↢ߓࠆ⿥ㆊ⾓ᢱߦߟ޿ߡㆊᄢ⷗Ⓧ߽ࠅߔࠆߎߣ߳ߩ⼊ᚓࡔ࠶࠮࡯ࠫࠍᓧ ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚

㧻 㨄

㧷

㧽

㨚

㧸 ਄࿑ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘㧔㧽㧘㨚㧕ߩ߁ߜ㧘ߤߜࠄ߆৻ᣇࠍ࿕ቯߒ㧘ઁᣇࠍนᄌߣߒߡ↢↥ജߩᄌ ൻࠍ⷗ࠆߩ߇㧘஍ᓸಽߦࠃࠆ㒢⇇↢↥ജㅛᷫⷰኤߢ޽ࠆ㧚㨚৻ቯߢ㧽ട㈩ߔࠆ႐ว㧘છᗧ ߩ㧸ゲᐳᮡ߆ࠄ㧻㧷ᐔ㕙ߦᐔⴕߦ↢↥㊂ࠍ␜ߔ᡼‛✢߇኿಴ߐࠇࠆ㧚᡼‛✢ߩ௑߈ߪ㒢⇇ ↢↥ജࠍ␜ߔ㧚⾗ᧄ㘻๺ߔࠆ߹ߢ੍▚߇ዧ߈ࠆߎߣߪߥ޿ߣ઒ቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߘߩᗧ๧ߢ ੍▚೙⚂ࠍ⸳ߌߥ޿ࡕ࠺࡞ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚 ᰴߦ㧽৻ቯߢ㨚ࠍട㈩ߔࠆ㧚੍▚೙⚂ࠍ⸳ߌߕ㧘㒢⇇↢↥ജ߇ㅛᷫߒߡᮡḰ೑₸ߦ㆐ߔ ࠆ߹ߢ࠻ࠦ࠻ࡦട㈩ߔࠆ㧚┙૕ࠣ࡜ࡈਛߢߪ㧘⾗ᧄゲᐳᮡ㧽߆ࠄ㧻㧸ᐔ㕙ߦᐔⴕߦ↢↥㊂ ࠍ␜ߔ᡼‛✢߇኿಴ߐࠇࠆ㧚ഭ௛㘻๺ߔࠆ߹ߢ੍▚߇ዧ߈ࠆߎߣߪߥ޿ߣ઒ቯߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘 ߘߩᗧ๧ߢ੍▚೙⚂ߪߥ޿㧘ోⷐ⚛㒢⇇↢↥ജ߇ㅛᷫߒߡᮡḰ೑₸ߦ㆐ߔࠆ߹ߢട㈩ߐࠇ ࠆࡕ࠺࡞ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚 หߓᚻ⛯߈ࠍ৻ቯߣ߅ߊⷐ⚛㊂ࠍჇ߿ߒߟߟ➅ࠅ㄰ߖ߫㧘ᦨㆡⷙᮨߦ㆐ߒ㧘ߘߩߣ߈ߩ ೑Ảᦨᄢൻὐ߇ⷐ⚛㘻๺ὐߣߥࠆ㧚

－39－ 㧻ⷙᮨߩ↢↥ᕈ৻ቯ  㨄 ⷙᮨߩ↢↥ᕈㅛᷫ 㧷 㧽 CAP ဳ↥಴㗵ߩⓨ㑆ᦛ✢ ╬⾌↪✢

㨚㧸

੍▚೙⚂✢޿޿߆߃ࠆߣ╬⾌↪✢਄ߦု⋥ߦ CAP ဳߦ┙ߟ↥಴㊂ߩⓨ㑆ᦛ✢ࠍឬ߈㧘ߘ ߩᦨᄢὐ㧘ጊ㗂߆ࠄု✢ࠍਅࠈߒ㧘╬⾌↪✢ߣ੤ࠊࠆὐࠍᦨㆡⷐ⚛㈩ಽὐߣߔࠆ㧚੍▚೙ ⚂ߩ✭๺ߦߣ߽ߥ޿㧘↥಴㊂ߩⓨ㑆ᦛ✢ߪේὐ߆ࠄ㆙ߑ߆ࠅߥ߇ࠄ⤘ࠄߺ㧘ⓨ㑆ᐳᮡਛߦ ↥಴㊂ߩਐࠍᒻᚑߔࠆ㧚ਐߩየᩮ㧘ፄࠍㄡࠇ߫㧘ᦨㆡ↢↥㊂✢߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚የᩮࠍㄡࠆߎߣ ߪ㧘knife edge ࠍᱠ߻ⴕേߦ╬ߒߊ㧘߹ߒߡ㧘edge top ߦ┙ߟߣ޿߁ߎߣߦߥࠇ߫㧘ߘߩ risk ߣ trouble ߪㅜᣇ߽ߥ޿߽ߩߦߥࠆ㧚ߘࠇߦᕎ߻ߎߣߥߊᨐᢓߦ engager ߔࠆ㧘ߘߩ ਇ᠌ਇዮߩⴕ޿ߦႎ޿ࠆ߽ߩ߇ડᬺ೑Ả㧘⚻༡⠪ᚲᓧߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩ✢ߩ㜞ߐߣᢳᐲ߇ᮡḰ ೑₸ࠍ଻⸽ߒᓧߥ޿߶ߤߦߥߞߚߣ߈㧘ⷐ⚛㘻๺ὐߦ㆐ߔࠆ㧚ߎߩਐࠍછᗧߩ㜞ߐߢ᳓ᐔ ߦಾࠇ߫㧘ᢿ㕙ߩ✼ߦ╬↢↥㊂✢߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚 છᗧߩ╬⾌↪✢ࠍኻᔕߔࠆ↥಴㊂ߩⓨ㑆ᦛ✢ߢ㒰ߔߣ㧘↥಴‛න૏ᒰߚࠅ⾌↪ߩⓨ㑆ᦛ ✢ࠍ CUP ဳߦឬߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚╬⾌↪✢ߩࠪࡈ࠻ߦߣ߽ߥ޿㧘⾌↪ߩⓨ㑆ᦛ✢߽ࠪࡈ࠻ ߒ㧘ߘߩ゠〔߇න૏⾌↪ߩ⼱࿾㧘┄࿾ࠍᒻᚑߔࠆ㧚┄࿾ߩࡏ࠻ࡓࠍㄡࠇ߫㧘ᦨዊ⾌↪✢ࠍ ឬߌࠆ㧚 ᦨዊ⾌↪✢߇Ꮢ႐⽼ଔ᳓ᐔ㕙ߣ੤ࠊࠆὐ߇㧘੍▚᜛ᄢ㧘ⷙᮨ᜛ᄢߩᦨ⚳㒢⇇㧘ⷐ⚛㘻๺ ὐ㧘ోⷐ⚛ណ▚࡜ࠗࡦߣߥࠆ㧚Ꮢ႐⽼ଔߪోⷐ⚛㒢⇇න૏⾌↪ଔᩰߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߎࠇ߇ᮡḰ⾌ ↪ߣߥࠆߩߢ㧘ߎߩ⾌↪ࠃࠅૐ޿૏⟎ߦ㧘න૏⾌↪ߩⓨ㑆ᦛ✢ߩࡏ࠻ࡓ߇޽ࠇ߫㧘ߘߩᏅ 㗵ߪ⿥ㆊ೑Ảߣߒߡߘߩ↢↥⠪ߦ⏕଻ߐࠇࠆ㧚 ᦨዊ⾌↪✢߇Ꮢ႐⽼ଔ᳓ᐔ㕙ߣធߔࠆߣߎࠈߢߪ㧘㐳ᦼဋⴧ೑Ảߪ 0 ߣߥࠆ߆㧚ุߢ޽ ࠆ㧚⇣⾰ᛛⴚߩਗሽ߆ࠄ↢ߓࠆ⾌↪ᩰᏅ㧘ߘߎ߆ࠄ↢߹ࠇࠆ⿥ㆊ೑Ảߩሽ࿷ࠍ೎ߦߒߡ߽㧘 ੍▚೙⚂㧘ᛩ౉ⷙᮨᏅ߆ࠄ↢ߓࠆන૏⾌↪ᦛ✢ߩࡏ࠻ࡓᏅ߆ࠄ↢ߓࠆ⿥ㆊ೑Ảߪሽ࿷ߔࠆ ߩߢ㧘೑Ả 0 ߣߥࠆߎߣߪߥ޿㧚↢↥㑐ᢙ߇৻ᰴหᰴߢ޽ࠇ߫㧘න૏⾌↪৻ቯߣߥࠅ㧘೑ Ảߪ⊒↢ߒߥ޿㧚ઃടଔ୯ߪ⾓㊄ߣ೑ሶߦቢోಽ㈩ exhaustion ߐࠇࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ోડᬺ߇ ห৻ᛛⴚࠍណ↪ߒ㧘߆ߟⷙᮨߩ⚻ᷣਇᄌߣ޿߁ࠤ࡯ࠬߢߥ޿ߣ㧘↢ߓ߃ߥ޿੐ᘒߢ޽ࠆ㧚 㘈ቴ߇⸵ኈߔࠆ㒢⇇ᡰᛄ޿ଔᩰ㧩ᮡḰ⾼౉ଔᩰ㧩Ꮢ႐⽼ଔ҈㒢⇇ᦨዊ⾌↪㧘ߩ▸࿐ߦ޽ ࠇ߫㧘ߘߩ↢↥⠪ߪᏒ႐ෳടߢ߈ࠆ㧚▸࿐ᄖߦ޽ࠆ↢↥⠪ߪᏒ႐߆ࠄߩⵍኂシᓸߥ߁ߜߩ ㅌ಴ߣᣂᄤ࿾ߢߩᓳᵴᚢࠍᦼᓙߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚

－40－ 㧯 ﹇第一日目﹈ 第二会場 ⼱࿾࡮⼱ᐩߩࡏ࠻ࡓࠍㄡࠆᦛ✢߇ᦨዊන૏⾌↪✢

න૏⾌↪ߩⓨ㑆ᦛ✢

㧷

੍▚೙⚂✢

㧸

Ꮢ႐ߩ┹੎ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߪ㧘ߎࠇࠄࠍ㧘ੱὑ⊛ⷙ೙ߢߥߊ㧘⥄ὼߩᒻᚑ㧘޽ߚ߆߽ als ob ␹ ߩዉ߈㧔ߓߟߪੱ㑆ߩ೑ᓧᒁ߈ነߖᵴേ߇ਁ᦭ᒁജߩࠃ߁ߦ૞↪ߔࠆ⚿ᨐߛ߇㧕ߦࠃࠆ߆ ߩࠃ߁ߦㆀⴕߒ㧘⚻ᷣߦဋⴧ great harmony ࠍ߽ߚࠄߔ㧚ޟേਛ࿷㕒㧘㕒ਛ࿷േޠ㧚 ࠛ࠶ࠫࡢ࡯ࠬ࡮ࡏ࠶ࠢࠬߦ߅ߌࠆᄾ⚂ᦛ✢ࠍ㧘ല↪ߩਐߩ઒⺑߆ࠄ⷗⋥ߒߡߺࠃ߁㧚ࡏ ࠶ࠢࠬߩኻⷺ 2 ේὐ߆ࠄᒻᚑߐࠇࠆല↪ߩ෺ਐߪ㧘޽ߚ߆߽㧘ศ↰౗ᅢᴺᏧ߇ᐻࠍ⚿߮ޡᓤ ߥࠄ߮߇߅߆ ὼ⨲ޢࠍᦠ޿ߚ࿾㧘੩ㇺੳ๺ኹㄭߊߩ ෺ ਐ ߩᒻ⁁ࠍࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߔࠇ߫ࠃ޿㧚ਐߩየᩮߩធ㕙 ߢߪᮡ㜞Ꮕ߇޽ࠆߪߕߢ㧘ᮡ㜞Ꮕߩ㜞޿ᣇ߳ᄾ⚂ᦛ✢਄ߩὐ߇ࠪࡈ࠻ߒߚᣇ߇␠ળ⊛ෘ↢ ߪ㜞߹ࠆߪߕߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߘߩ್ቯߦวᗧ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆߥࠄ߫㧘ᄾ⚂ᦛ✢਄ߩนേ▸࿐ߪᄢ᏷ߦ ⁜߹ࠅ㧘ᮡ㜞Ꮕߩ࿷ࠅ᭽ߦࠃߞߡߪ৻ὐߦ⛉ࠄࠇࠆࠤ࡯߽ࠬ޽ࠈ߁㧚ࡄ࡟࡯࠻ᦨㆡߢ޽ߞ ߡ߽㧘␹⡛ߦߒߡਇนଚߣߪߥࠄߥ޿ࠤ࡯߽ࠬ޽ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆㧚

㧠㧚ഭ௛ో෼ᮭ ࡊࡠࠗ࠮ࡦߩᢥㇱᄢ⤿㧔໡ോᄢ⤿ߣ⚫੺ߔࠆᦠ߽޽ࠆ㧕J.K.Rodbertus (1805-1875)ߪ㧘 ᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ⺑ࠍ໒߃ߚ㧚 ߔߴߡߩ⚻ᷣ⽷ߪഭ௛ᛩ౉ߦࠃࠅ↥ߺ಴ߐࠇࠆ㧚ഭ௛ߩ↥‛ߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠄ㧘ߘߩଔ୯ߪഭ ௛㊂ߦࠃߞߡⷙቯߐࠇ㧘੤឵ߪߎߩഭ௛ଔ୯ၮḰߢⴕࠊࠇࠆ㧚ഭ௛ߩ↥‛ߪߘࠇࠍ૞ߞߚ ഭ௛⠪ߦߔߴߡᏫዻߔߴ߈ߛ߇㧘ታ㓙ߦߪ㧘ߘߩ৻ㇱ߇ᚯߐࠇߕ㧘ਇᛄ޿ߩ߹߹㧘೑Ảߣ ࿾ઍߣߒߡ⾗ᧄኅ㧘࿾ਥߦขᓧߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚೑Ảߣ࿾ઍߪ৻᜝ߒߡ⾓ᢱ Rente㧔೑Ả㧘࿾ઍ㧕 ߣ๭߱ߎߣߦߔࠆ㧚ߥ߅㧘⾓ᢱߩ⾗ᧄኅ㑆㧘࿾ਥ㑆ߦ߅ߌࠆಽ㈩ߪဋ╬₸ߢⴕࠊࠇࠆ㧚  ৻⥸ߦ㧘ഭ௛ో෼ᮭ The Rights to the Whole Produce of Labor ߣ޿ࠊࠇࠆ⠨߃ᣇ߇㧘ߎ ߎߦ߽⋴ขߐࠇࠆ㧚⚻ᷣ⽷ߩଔ୯ߪഭ௛ߢⷙቯߐࠇ㧘⾗ᧄ⛽ᜬ⾌㧗ഭ௛ߩ↥ߺ಴ߒߚઃട ଔ୯㧩㧯㧗㧺㧘߆ࠄᚑࠆߣߐࠇ㧘㧺ߪഭ௛⠪߇ో㗵↥ߺ಴ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠄᓐࠄߦᚯߐ

－41－ ࠇࠆߴ߈ߣ⺰ߓ㧘߽ߒ㧘ߘߎ߆ࠄ㧘⾗ᧄ೑Ả㧘࿾ઍ߇᳹ߺ಴ߐࠇࠆߥࠄ߫㧘ߘࠇߪਇᒰਇ ഭᚲᓧߢ޽ࠆߣ㔍ߓࠆ⼏⺰ߢ޽ࠆ㧚  ࠴ࡘ࡯ࡀࡦߪ㧘หߓߊഭ௛න૏ߢߩଔ୯⸘▚ࠍ⹜ߺࠆ߇㧘ߎࠇߣߪ⇣ߥࠆℂ⸃ࠍ␜ߔ㧚 ߔߥࠊߜ㧘⽷ߩଔ୯ߪ㧘⾗ᧄ↢↥ജଔ୯㧗ഭ௛↢↥ജଔ୯㧩㧔⾗ᧄ⛽ᜬ⾌㧗⾗ᧄ೑Ả㧕㧗

㧔ഭ௛⛽ᜬ⾌㧗ഭ௛೑Ả㧕㧩㧯+㧯㨙㧗㨂㧗㨂㨙㧘߆ࠄᚑࠆߣߒ㧘⾗ᧄߣഭ௛ߘࠇߙࠇߩ↢↥ ⊛⽸₂㧘೑Ả↥಴ജࠍ⹺߼ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚⾗ᧄߪഭ௛ߩ↥‛㧘ߘߩᗧ๧ߢㆊ෰ߦⴕࠊࠇߚഭ ௛ߩ⫾Ⓧ‛ߢ޽ࠅ㧘⃻࿷ߩഭ௛ߣද௛ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ⼾߆ߥ↢↥ജࠍഃ಴ߔࠆ߽ߩߣℂ ⸃ߐࠇࠆ㧚ᤨ㑆ࠍ⇣ߦߔࠆߛߌߢᧄ⾰ߪഭ௛ߣߒߡหߓߥߩߛߣ㧚⾗ᧄⵝ஻ߒߚߣ߈ߩ↥ ಴⢻ജᒁ߈਄ߍജߩ㜞ߐࠁ߃ߦ㧘⃻࿷ഭ௛ߩද௛⠪ߣߒߡߛߌߢߥߊઍᦧ⠪ߣߒߡߩᕈᩰ ޿ߦߒ߃ ߽૬ߖᜬߟ߇㧘ᧄ⾰ߪ㧘 ฎ ߩഭ௛ߩᚑᨐߣ੹⃻࿷ߩഭ௛ߣࠍ㓸วߒ㧘ว૕ද௛ߐߖࠆߎߣ ߦࠃߞߡ↢↥ജࠍ㘧べ⊛ߦ㜞߼ࠆὐߦ޽ࠆ㧚ޟฎ੹ߩഭ௛ߩharmony㓸ޠߣ߽⴫⃻ߢ߈ࠆ㧚 Harmonyࠍޟ߿߹ߣ߁ߚޠߣ⠡⸶ߔࠇ߫㧘߹ߐߦޟฎ੹๺᱌㓸ޠߢ޽ࠆ㧚

ࡠ࡯࠻ࡌ࡞࠻࠘ࠬߪ㧘ઃടଔ୯ߩ߁ߜ⾗ᧄ⽸₂ಽ㧯㨙ߩሽ࿷ࠍ⹺߼ߕ㧘0 ߣߒ㧘ઃടଔ୯ ߪߔߴߡഭ௛⽸₂ߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߣ⹺⼂ߒߚߚ߼㧘⾗ᧄ೑Ả㧘࿾ઍࠍਇᒰ㧘ਇഭᚲᓧߣ⸃㉼ߔ

ࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚ㆊ෰ഭ௛ߩ⫾Ⓧ‛ߩ⽸₂ಽߢ޽ࠆ㧯㨙ࠍ߽ߔߴߡഭ⾓ߣߒߡ๘ߺ ዧߊߔ߹ߢ㧘⾓਄ߍࠍⷐ᳞ߔࠆ⚿ᨐߣߥߞߚߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚 㒢⇇㕟๮ߩ 3 ⾫ੱߩ৻ੱ㧘ࠞ࡯࡞࡮ࡔࡦࠟ࡯ߩᒉ㧘ࠕࡦ࠻ࡦ࡮ࡔࡦࠟ࡯ߪ㧘ഭ௛ో෼ᮭ ᕁᗐࠍࡑ࡞ࠢࠬ៦ข⺰ߩේဳߣߒߡ㧘ᴺቇ㕙߆ࠄᛕ್ߒߚ㧚ߚߛߒ㧘ࡑ࡞ࠢࠬࠍ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼ ᵷ␠ળਥ⟵⠪ߩഭ௛ో෼ᮭ⺰ߩഇ⓯⠪ߣ㔍ߓࠆߣ߈ߦߪᵈᗧ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ㧚ࡑ࡞ࠢࠬឃ᠄ ߣหᤨߦ㧘ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ㧘ࡈ࡜ࡦࠬߦ޽ߞߚࡑ࡞ࠢࠬએ೨ߩ␠ળਥ⟵㧘ᄙߊߪࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎ␠ળ ਥ⟵ߢ㧘ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߢ౒↥ਥ⟵ታ㛎ࠍߒߡ޿ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ߘࠇߦ㧘⽿છォᇾߒ㧘࠼ࠗ࠷㧘 ࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡝ࠕ⍮⼂ੱ߇⽶ࠊߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ᔕಽߩ⽿છࠍ࿁ㆱߔࠆᵹࠇߦ᫱Ꮕߔ㕙߽޽ࠆ ߆ࠄߛ㧚 ഭ௛ో෼ᮭᕁᗐߩᄙߊߪ㧘ഭ௛ߩ⽸₂ಽࠍᱜᒰߦಽ㈩ߖࠃߣⷐ᳞ߒߚߦᱛ߹ࠆ㧚⾗ᧄ⽸

₂ಽ߹ߢߔߴߡࠃߎߖߣ޿߁ᕁᗐߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ㧚೾૛ଔ୯㧹ߪ㧘⾗ᧄ⽸₂೑Ả㧹㧯㧘ഭ௛⽸

₂೑Ả㧹㨂߆ࠄᚑࠅ㧘ᓟ⠪ࠍᱜᒰߦഭ௛⠪ߦಽߌࠃߣⷐ᳞ߒߚߛߌߣℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆ㧚ࠪࡘࡦࡍ ࡯࠲࡯ߦࠃࠇ߫㧘ߘߩⷐ᳞㗵ߪߐߐ߿߆ߥ߽ߩߛߞߚ㧚ߘ߁ߢ޽ࠇ߫㧘⽸₂ᐲ⺑㧘㒢⇇↢ ↥ജ⾓㊄⺰ߣℂ⺰ base ߦ߅޿ߡᄢ߈ߊᄌࠊࠆߣߎࠈߪߥ޿㧚 ⾗ᧄ೑Ả㧘࿾ઍߪဋ╬೑₸ߢಽ㈩ߐࠇࠆߣ޿߁߇㧘ߘߩ႐ว㧘↥ᬺㇱ㐷ߦࠃߞߡ⾗ᧄߣ ഭ௛ߩ᭴ᚑᲧ߇⇣ߥࠆߎߣࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߣ㧘ഭ௛ଔ୯ߣဋ╬೑₸ଔᩰߣߪਵ㔌ߔࠆ㧚ߎߩ㔍 ὐߦㅩ⌕ߒ㧘⾗ᧄⵝ஻ߔࠆ⚻ᷣᲑ㓏߳ߩᛩਅഭ௛ଔ୯⺑ߩㆡ↪ࠍᢿᔨߒߚߩ߇ D.࡝ࠞ࡯࠼ ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩᢿᔨߪஜోߥ್ᢿߛߞߚߣ⹏ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚

－42－ ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛㔛ⷐߩ᳿ቯⷐ࿃ ﹇第一日目﹈  第二会場 ⍹੗ⓛ㧔㑐᧲ቇ㒮ᄢቇ ⚻ᷣቇㇱ㧕 1. ߪߓ߼ߦ  ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙⚻ᷣቇ૕♽ߩၮᧄ⊛ߥ⺖㗴ߪޔ⾗ᧄ⫾Ⓧߦߣ߽ߥ߁㐳ᦼ⊛ߥಽ㈩ߩ ᛠីߦ޽ࠆޕߎߩᗧ๧ߢޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߩ⚻ᷣቇ૕♽ࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣ߈ޔ⾗ᧄ⫾Ⓧ⺰߇ ߘߩၮゲߦ޽ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆޕߣߎࠈߢޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙⫾Ⓧ⺰ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ೑Ả₸ૐਅ ௑ะߣ⾓㊄⺰ߣߩ㑐ଥޔ⾗ᧄ⫾Ⓧߦߣ߽ߥ߁ታ⾰⾓㊄ߩ௑ะߦ㑐ㅪߒߡޔߎࠇ߹ ߢ⻉⸃㉼߇ឭ␜ߐࠇߡ߈ߚޕߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄޔ੹ᣣߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢޔ⻉⺑ߩኻ┙⁁ᴫ߇ ෼߹ࠆ᳇㈩ߪߥ޿ޕ  ߘ߽ߘ߽ޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙⚻ᷣቇߩ⎇ⓥߪޔߘࠇߙࠇߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߩℂ⺰⊛┙႐ࠍ⦡Ớ ߊ෻ᤋߒߡ߈ߚ㧔ᣂฎౖᵷ⚻ᷣቇߦኻߔࠆ〒㔌ߥߤ㧕ޕߘࠇࠁ߃ޔഭ௛㔛ⷐޔ⾓ ㊄ߣ޿ߞߚၮᧄ⊛ߥ᭎ᔨߦ߅޿ߡޔߔߢߦ⷗⸃ߩ⋧㆑߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆޕ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙⫾ Ⓧ⺰૕♽ߩߐࠄߥࠆ⸃᣿ߦ޽ߚߞߡߪޔߎߩࠃ߁ߥၮᧄ⊛᭎ᔨࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔࠆߎߣ ߽ਇนᰳߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕߘߎߢᧄႎ๔ߢߪޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛㔛ⷐߩⷙቯⷐ࿃ ࠍขࠅ਄ߍޔߤߩࠃ߁ߦℂ⸃ߒ߁ࠆߩ߆ᬌ⸛ߔࠆޕ  ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߪഭ௛㔛ⷐࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣ߈ޟഭ௛⛽ᜬߩߚ߼ߩၮ㊄㧔funds㧕ޠ㧔Ricardo 1951, 165/⸶ 192㧕ߣ޿߁⴫⃻ࠍ↪޿ߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ✚⾗ᧄߦ ࠃࠅ᳿߹ࠆߣߔࠆ⷗⸃ޔᵹേ⾗ᧄߦࠃࠆߣߔࠆ⷗⸃ޔߘߒߡ✚↢↥‛ߦⷙቯߐࠇ ࠆߣ޿߁⷗⸃߇␜ߐࠇߡ߈ߚޕߎߩ⻉⷗⸃ߪޔ1950 ᐕઍᧃ߆ࠄ 60 ᐕઍߦ߆ߌߡޔ ⠀㠽㧔1963㧕ޔንႦ㧔1965㧕ߩ 2 ߟߩᢥ₂ࠍਛᔃߦዷ㐿ߐࠇߚޕ  ߹ߚޔഭ௛⛽ᜬࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߣ޿߁⠨߃ᣇ߇ޔ޿ࠊࠁࠆ⾓㊄ၮ㊄⺑ߦㅢߕࠆ߆ߤ߁ ߆ޔߣ޿߁ὐߢ߽⷗⸃ߩኻ┙߇⷗ࠄࠇߚޕ࿖ౝߩ⻉⎇ⓥߪޔ⾓㊄ၮ㊄⺑ߣߒߡᛠ ីߔࠆ┙႐ߦߪ᭎ߒߡุቯ⊛ߢ޽ࠆޕߛ߇ᶏᄖߩ⻉⎇ⓥߢߪޔSchumpeter㧔1954, 680/⸶╙4 ಽౠ, 1425㧕ޔBlaug㧔1962, 81/⸶਄Ꮞ, 112㧕ߥߤߩࠃ߁ߦޔ࡝ࠞ࡯ ࠼࠙ࠍ⾓㊄ၮ㊄⺑⺰⠪ߣߒߡ⸃㉼ߔࠆ௑ะ߽ሽ࿷ߒߡ߈ߚޕ  એਅߩౝኈߢߪ߹ߕޔንႦ⺑ߣ⠀㠽⺑ߣࠍᡷ߼ߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣߢޔ਄⸥ߩഭ௛ ⛽ᜬࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߦߟ޿ߡߩ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߩ⷗⸃ࠍតߞߡࠁߊޕട߃ߡޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߪ ⾓㊄ၮ㊄⺑ߦㅢߓࠆ⷗⸃ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ߚߩ߆ᬌ⸛ߒޔഭ௛㔛ⷐߩⷙቯⷐ࿃ߦ㑐ߔࠆ ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߩ⷗⸃ࠍ⠨ኤߒߚ޿ޕ 2. ᵹേ⾗ᧄ=✚⾗ᧄߦࠃࠆഭ௛㔛ⷐߩⷙቯ  ᧄ▵ߢߪޔ1950 ᐕઍᧃએ㒠ޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߩഭ௛⛽ᜬࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߦߟ޿ߡޔߤߩࠃ ߁ߥ⷗⸃߇⷗ࠄࠇߚ߆⏕⹺ߔࠆޕߘߩ਄ߢޔንႦ᳁ߦࠃࠆ⸃㉼ࠍ⷗ߡࠁߊޕ

－43－  ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ޡේℂޢߦߪޔഭ௛㔛ⷐߩⷙቯⷐ࿃ߦߟ޿ߡޔⶄᢙߩ⸥ㅀ߇⷗ࠄࠇ 㧔Ricardo 1951, 31-2, 95, 380/⸶ 36-6, 112, 446㧕ޔߘࠇ߇⻉⷗⸃ߩኻ┙ࠍ↢ߺ಴ߒ ߡ߈ߚޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⷗⸃ߩኻ┙ߪޔ1950 ᐕઍᧃ߆ࠄ 60 ᐕઍߦ߆ߌߡߩᣣᧄߢᒝ ߊ⷗ࠄࠇߚޕߎߎߢߪޔഭ௛㔛ⷐߪ✚⾗ᧄߦࠃࠅⷙቯߐࠇࠆߣ޿߁⷗⸃ߣޔᵹേ ⾗ᧄߦࠃࠅⷙቯߐࠇࠆߣ޿߁⷗⸃ࠍ޿߆ߦℂ⸃ߔࠆ߆߇໧㗴ߣߥߞߡ޿ߚޕንႦ ᳁ߪߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⎇ⓥ⁁ᴫࠍ߰߹߃ߡޔ⁛⥄ߩ⠨ኤࠍዷ㐿ߒߚޕ  ߹ߕንႦ᳁ߪޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ࠍ฽߻ฎౖᵷ⚻ᷣቇߦࠃࠆ␠ળ⊛ౣ↢↥ㆊ⒟ߩ⠨ኤ ࠍޔޟ↢↥⾗ᧄᓴⅣޠ㧔ንႦ 1965, 197㧕ߣߒߡᛠីߔࠆޕߎࠇߪޡ⾗ᧄ⺰ޢ╙ 2 Ꮞߢߩࡑ࡞ࠢࠬߦࠃࠆ⾗ᧄᓴⅣߩ⠨ኤࠍ߰߹߃ߚᛠីߢ޽ࠆ㧔Marx 1963, 90/⸶ 106㧕ޕߣߪ޿߃ޔฎౖᵷ⚻ᷣቇߦߪޔ↢↥ㆊ⒟ߩ⋥ធ⊛ಽᨆߪߥ޿ߚ߼ޔഭ௛ജ ߦߟ޿ߡߪഭ௛⛽ᜬࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߦ⟎߈឵߃ࠄࠇࠆߣ޿߁ޕ߹ߚޔ␠ળ⊛ౣ↢↥ߩ✚ ㆊ⒟߆ࠄ⷗ࠇ߫ޔ⽻ᐊߪᵹㅢߩනߥࠆᇦ੺ߢ޽ࠅޔߎߩࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߪ⚛᧚⊛ᒻᘒߣ ߒߡߩ㘩ᢱ࡮ᔅ㔛ຠޔߔߥࠊߜᵹേ⾗ᧄߣߒߡᛠីߐࠇߡ޿ߚߣߒߡ޿ࠆޕ  ߐࠄߦንႦ᳁ߪޔޟV+Mߩ࠼ࠣࡑޠ 1 ߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߦ߅޿ߡߪ ࿕ቯ⾗ᧄࠍ฽߻↢↥ᚻᲑ߽ޔߘߩ↢↥ߦ㓹↪ߐࠇࠆഭ௛⠪ߩߚ߼ߩഭ௛⛽ᜬࡈࠔ ࡦ࠼ߦㆶరߐࠇࠆߣ޿߁㧔ንႦ 1965, 187-191㧕ޕߎߩߣ߈ንႦ᳁ߪޟ࿕ቯ⾗ᧄޠ ߩ⠴↪ᐕᢙߪ 1 ᐕߣ޿߁ᗐቯ߇㊀ⷐߥᗧ๧ࠍᜬߟߣߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔ห਄, 237㧕ޕ  ߆ߊߒߡޔንႦ᳁ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߪ✚⾗ᧄࠍഭ௛⛽ᜬࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߦㆶరߒޔ ߘߩ㒢ࠅߢޔ✚⾗ᧄߦࠃࠅഭ௛㔛ⷐߪⷙቯߐࠇࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚߣ޿߁ޕ߹ߚንႦ ᳁ߪޔ↢↥⾗ᧄᓴⅣߣ޿߁⠨߃ᣇ߆ࠄޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߪ↢↥⊛ഭ௛⠪ߩ㓹↪ߦὶὐ ࠍᒰߡߡ߅ࠅޔਇ↢↥⊛ഭ௛⠪ߩ㓹↪ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔഭ௛⛽ᜬࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߩኻ⽎߆ࠄ 㒰ᄖߒߡ޿ߚߣߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔ห਄, 200㧕ޕ  3. ⚛᧚⊛ߥ✚↢↥‛ߦࠃࠆഭ௛㔛ⷐߩⷙቯ  ᰴߦޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛㔛ⷐߩⷙቯⷐ࿃ߦ㑐ㅪߒߚޔ⠀㠽᳁ߩንႦ᳁ߦ ኻߔࠆᛕ್ࠍ⷗ߡࠁߊޕߘߒߡޔንႦ࡮⠀㠽ਔ⺑ߦ߅ߌࠆ੎ὐࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆޕ  ߹ߕ⠀㠽᳁ߪޔንႦ᳁ߩ⸃㉼ߦኻߒߡޔޟV+M ߩ࠼ࠣࡑޠࠍ✚⾗ᧄ߹ߢᐢߍߡ ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߳ߩᛕ್ࠍዷ㐿ߔࠆޕ⠀㠽᳁ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߪታ⃻໧㗴ߣߩ㑐 ㅪߢޔ✚↢↥‛ଔ୯ࠍ✚ᚲᓧߣ⚿߮ߟߌߡ޿ߚޕߘࠇࠁ߃ޔ✚⾗ᧄߦ߹ߢᐢߍߡ

1 ߎࠇߪޔᐕޘߩ✚↢↥‛ଔ୯ߪޔߔߴߡ✚ᚲᓧߦಽ⸃ߐࠇࠆߣ޿߁ᗐቯࠍᜰߔޕࡑ࡞ࠢࠬ

ߪޔ✚ᚲᓧߦಽ⸃ߐࠇࠆߩߪޔ✚ଔ୯↢↥‛ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍᒝ⺞ߒޔߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⷗⸃߇㑆㆑޿

ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ⺰ߓߡ޿ࠆ㧔Marx 1963, 376, 384/⸶ 463, 473㧕ޕ

－44－ ⠨߃ࠆ⸃㉼ߪᚑࠅ┙ߚߥ޿ߣᛕ್ߔࠆ㧔⠀㠽 1963, 120-1㧕ޕ ﹇第一日目﹈  ߹ߚ⠀㠽᳁ߪޔንႦ᳁߇ഭ௛⛽ᜬࡈࠔࡦ࠼߆ࠄਇ↢↥⊛ഭ௛⠪ߩ㓹↪ࠍឃ㒰ߒ 第二会場 ߚὐ߽໧㗴ߦߒߡ޿ࠆޕ⠀㠽᳁ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔንႦ᳁ߩ⸃㉼ߪޔࡑ࡞ࠢࠬߩ↥ᬺ੍஻ ァߩℂ⺰ߢ೨ឭߐࠇࠆ␠ળ᭴ᚑࠍᛩᓇߒߡ߅ࠅޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߩᗐቯߦߪ৻⥌ߒߥ ޿ߣ޿߁ޕ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߪޔ⾗ᧄ⫾Ⓧࠍ⠨߃ࠆ႐วޔถ૶޿߿᡽ᐭᓎੱߥߤߩਇ↢ ↥⊛ഭ௛⠪ߩ㓹↪߽⠨ᘦߦ౉ࠇߡ޿ߚߣߔࠆޕߘߩ਄ߢޡේℂޢ╙ 3 31 ┨ߢߩ ⸥ㅀ㧔Ricardo 1951, 392/⸶ 450-1㧕ߥߤࠍ߽ߣߦޔ⚛᧚⊛ᒻᘒߢߩ✚↢↥‛߇ഭ ௛⛽ᜬࡈࠔࡦ࠼ࠍⷙቯߔࠆߣਥᒛߒߚ㧔⠀㠽 1963, 108-118㧕ޕ  ߎߎߢንႦ࡮⠀㠽ਔ⺑ߩ⋧㆑ὐࠍ᣿⏕ߦߒߡ߅߈ߚ޿ޕ਄⸥ߩࠃ߁ߦ 1 ޟ V+M ߩ࠼ࠣࡑޠࠍ✚⾗ᧄߦ߽ㆡ↪ߒ߁ࠆ߆ޔ 2 ഭ௛⛽ᜬࡈࠔࡦ࠼ࠍ↢↥⊛ഭ௛⠪ߩ 㓹↪ߩߺߦ㒢ቯߔࠆߎߣߪᅷᒰ߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ޔਔ⺑ߩᅷᒰᕈࠍ⠨߃ࠆ਄ߢߩ⺰ ὐߦߥࠆޕ߹ߚޔਔ⠪ߦ౒ㅢߩ․ᓽߣߒߡޔഭ௛⛽ᜬࡈࠔࡦ࠼ࠍ⚛᧚⊛ᒻᘒߦ߅ ޿ߡᛠីߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆὐ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆޕߎࠇߪޔ 3 ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙߇޿ࠊࠁࠆ⾓㊄ၮ ㊄⺑ߦߟߥ߇ࠆ⠨߃ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ߚ߆ޔߣ޿߁⺰ὐࠍឭ␜ߔࠆޕએਅߩ▵ߢߪޔߎ ߩ 3 ὐࠍ⺰ߓߟߟޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛㔛ⷐߩⷙቯⷐ࿃ࠍ⠨ኤߒߡࠁߊޕ  4. ഭ௛⛽ᜬࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߣਇ↢↥⊛ഭ௛⠪  ⠀㠽᳁ߦࠃࠆንႦ⺑ᛕ್ߩߥ߆ߢឭ␜ߐࠇߚޔ਄⸥ߩᦨೋߩ 2 ߟߩ⺰ὐߦߟ޿ ߡޔንႦ᳁ޔ⠀㠽᳁޿ߕࠇߩਥᒛߪᅷᒰ߆ޔ⠨߃ߡࠁ߈ߚ޿ޕ  ߹ߕߪ⠀㠽᳁ߦࠃࠆንႦ⺑ᛕ್ߩ╙৻ߩ⺰ὐߦߟ޿ߡ⠨߃ߚ޿ޕ೨಴ߩࠃ߁ߦ ንႦ᳁ߪޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙߇ޟV+Mߩ࠼ࠣࡑޠߦ߅ߌࠆ⠨߃ᣇࠍ߽ߣߦޔ✚⾗ᧄࠍഭ ௛⛽ᜬࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߦㆶరߒߡ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚߣ޿߁ߣ߈ޔንႦ᳁ߪ࿕ቯ⾗ᧄߩ⠴↪ᐕᢙ ߪ 1 ᐕߣߩᗐቯߦ⸒෸ߒߡ޿ߚޕߎߩ㒢ࠅߢߪޔ✚⾗ᧄߪߔߴߡߘߩᐕᐲߩ↢↥ ‛ߣߒߡౣ↢↥ߐࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆޕንႦ᳁ߪޔ✚⾗ᧄߪߔߴߡߘߩᐕߩ✚↢↥‛ ߦࠃߞߡᦝᣂߐࠇࠆߣ޿߁೨ឭߢޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙߇ޟV+Mߩ࠼ࠣࡑޠࠍ✚⾗ᧄߦㆡ ↪ߒߡ޿ߚߣਥᒛߒߡ޿ࠆ 2 ޕߘࠇࠁ߃ޔ✚↢↥‛ߦഭ௛㔛ⷐߩⷙቯⷐ࿃ࠍ᳞߼ ࠆ⠀㠽᳁ߩ┙႐ߣንႦ᳁ߩ┙႐ߣߩ㓒ߚࠅߪޔ⷗ߚ⋡߶ߤߪᄢ߈ߊߪߥ޿ޕ⠀㠽 ᳁ߦࠃࠆᛕ್ߪޔߎߩὐࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡℂ⸃ߐࠇࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆޕ  ߘࠇߢߪޔਔ⠪ߩ⺑ࠍ㓒ߡࠆ᳿ቯ⊛ߥⷐ࿃ߣߪ૗ߢ޽ࠈ߁߆ޕ਄⸥ߩ╙ 2 ߩ⺰ ὐߢ޽ࠆޔഭ௛⛽ᜬࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߩኻ⽎ࠍ↢↥⊛ഭ௛⠪ߩ㓹↪ߦ㒢ቯߒߚ⸃㉼ߩᅷᒰ

2 ንႦ᳁ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߪᣂᯏ᪾⺰ߢ࿕ቯ⾗ᧄߩ⠴ਭᕈߩ໧㗴ࠍ⹺⼂ߒޔ⾗ᧄࠍഭ௛

⛽ᜬࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߦ⸃ᶖߔࠆᕁ⠨ᴺ߆ࠄ⣕ළߒࠃ߁ߣ⹜ߺߚ㧔ንႦ 1965, 237-8㧕ޕ

－45－ ᕈߦߟ޿ߡ⠨߃ߚ޿ޕ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߪਇ↢↥⊛ഭ௛⠪ߦߟ޿ߡޔ↢↥⊛ഭ௛⠪ߣห ⒳ߩഭ௛⛽ᜬࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߦࠃࠅ㓹↪ߐࠇࠆߣߩ⸥ㅀࠍ⷗ߖߡ޿ࠆޕ଀߃߫࡝ࠞ࡯࠼ ࠙ߪޔ⾗ᧄᚲ᦭⠪ߦኻߔࠆ⺖⒢ࠍ⺰ߓߚ㓙ޔޟᓐࠄߩഭ௛⛽ᜬߩߚ߼ߩၮ㊄ߪޔ ߘߩ⋡⊛ߩߚ߼ߩ᡽ᐭߩၮ㊄߇Ⴧടߒߚߩߣ߹ߐߦหߓ⒟ᐲߦᷫዋޠ㧔Ricardo 1951, 221/⸶ 225-6㧕ߔࠆߣਥᒛߒߡ޿ࠆޕ  ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߦ߅ߌࠆਇ↢↥⊛ഭ௛⠪ߩ૏⟎ߠߌߣ޿߁ὐߢߪޔ⠀㠽᳁ߩንႦ⺑ ߳ߩᛕ್ߪᅷᒰᕈࠍᜬߟߣ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ 3 ޕߘࠇߢߪޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߦ߅ߌ ࠆഭ௛㔛ⷐߪޔ⠀㠽᳁ߩਥᒛߔࠆࠃ߁ߦޔ✚↢↥‛ߦࠃߞߡⷙቯߐࠇࠆߣ⚿⺰ߠ ߌߡࠃ޿ߩ߆⠨߃ߡߺߚ޿ޕ  5. ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߣ⾓㊄ၮ㊄⺑  ᧄ▵ߢߪޔ⾓㊄ၮ㊄⺑ߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛㔛ⷐߩⷙቯⷐ ࿃ࠍޔ✚↢↥‛ߦ᳞߼ࠆ⷗⸃ߩᅷᒰᕈߦߟ޿ߡޔᡷ߼ߡ⠨߃ߚ޿ޕ  ⾓㊄ၮ㊄⺑ߣߪޔഭ௛⛽ᜬࡈࠔࡦ࠼㧔⾓㊄ၮ㊄㧕ߩᄢ߈ߐߪޔ޽ࠆᤨὐߢߪᚲ ਈߢ޽ࠆߣߺߥߒޔ㓹↪ߣ⾓㊄ߣߩ㑆ߦߪޔ࠻࡟࡯࠼ࠝࡈߩ㑐ଥ߇޽ࠆߣߺߥߔ ┙႐ߢ޽ࠆ 4 ޕએਅޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߦࠃࠆ⸥ㅀࠍᬌ⸛ߒߚ޿ޕ  ߹ߕ╙৻ߦޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߪ㘩ᢱ↢↥ߦߟ޿ߡ߽ޔ㔛ⷐߦⷙቯߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍᒝ⺞ ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߪޔ⽻ᐊ⾓㊄਄᣹ߦࠃߞߡޟ㘩‛ߦߚ޿ߒߡᣂߒ޿㔛ⷐჇ ട߇⊒↢ߔࠆޠߎߣޔߘߩ⚿ᨐߣߒߡޟᔅ㔛ຠߩᏒ႐ଔᩰ߇⥄ὼଔᩰࠍ⿥ㆊߒޔ ߘߒߡⷐ᳞ߐࠇࠆ㘩‛ߩಽ㊂߇↢↥ߐࠇࠆޠߎߣࠍᒝ⺞ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔Ibid., 406-7/⸶ 467㧕ޕߎߩࠃ߁ߦ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߪޔ޿ࠊࠁࠆഭ௛⛽ᜬࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߣߒߡߩ㘩ᢱ߿ᔅ㔛 ຠߩಽ㊂ߪޔഭ௛⠪஥ߩ㔛ⷐߦᔕߓߡᄌൻߔࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚޕ  ╙ੑߦޔ⾓㊄߇ഭ௛ߩ⥄ὼଔᩰࠍ਄࿁ࠆ႐วޔߘߩ⿥ㆊಽߪ⚐↢↥‛߆ࠄᡰᛄ ࠊࠇࠆߣ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߪㅀߴߡ޿ࠆޕߔߥࠊߜޔഭ௛ߩᏒ႐ଔᩰ߇ߘߩ⥄ὼଔᩰࠍ ਄࿁ࠅޔޟ↢↥ߩ⛘ኻ⊛ᔅⷐ⚻⾌એ਄ߩ߽ߩ߇ޔ⾓㌁ߩฬ⒓ߢഭ௛⠪ߦഀࠅ޽ߡ ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޠ႐วߦߪޔޟߘߩ࿖ߩ⚐↢↥‛ߩ৻ㇱಽ߇ഭ௛⠪ߦࠃߞߡฃߌߣࠄ ࠇߡޠ޿ࠆ㧔Ibid., 348/⸶ 399㧕ޕߎࠇߪޔ✚↢↥‛ߩ⾗ᧄኅ࡮࿾ਥ߳ߩ㈩ಽߣޔ

3 ⠀㠽᳁ޔንႦ᳁޿ߕࠇ߽ޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߪഭ௛⛽ᜬࡈࠔࡦ࠼ࠍ⚛᧚⊛ᒻᘒߦ߅޿ߡᛠីߒߡ

޿ߚߣ޿߁ޕߚߛޔ␠ળ⊛ౣ↢↥ߩ✚ㆊ⒟ߣ޿߁㒢ቯࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆὐߢߪޔንႦ᳁ߩᣇ߇ޔ

⺑᣿ߣߒߡㆡಾߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ

4 ⾓㊄ၮ㊄⺑ߪޔഭ௛⚵วߦࠃࠆ⾓਄ߍߦุቯ⊛ߥ┙႐߿ޔ⾓㊄₸ߩᄌേࠍᇦ੺ߣߒߚቢో

㓹↪߳ߩ௑ะࠍᗐቯߔࠆ┙႐ߦㅢߓࠆߣߐࠇߡ߈ߚޕߐࠄߦ⹦ߒ޿⠨ኤߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ

－46－ ഭ௛⠪߳ߩ㈩ಽߣߪޔഭ௛ߩ⥄ὼଔᩰߦኻᔕߒߡ᳿ቯߐࠇࠆ᳓Ḱ߆ࠄޔ޽ࠆ⒟ᐲ ﹇第一日目﹈ ᨵエߦᄌᦝߐࠇ߁ࠆߣߩ⹺⼂ࠍޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙߇ᜬߞߡ޿ߚߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆޕߎ 第二会場 ߩߎߣ߆ࠄ߽ޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߪ⾓㊄ၮ㊄⺑⺰⠪ߢߪߥ߆ߞߚߣ޿߃ࠆޕ  ߛ߇ޔ਄⸥ߩࠃ߁ߥ┙႐ߪޔ✚↢↥‛ߦࠃࠆഭ௛㔛ⷐߩⷙቯߦ৻ቯߩ೙⚂ࠍਈ ߃ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ߽ߒ✚↢↥‛ߩ⾓㊄ᚲᓧߣߘࠇએᄖߩᚲᓧ߳ߩ㈩ಽ߇ޔนᄌ⊛ߢ޽ ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚߣߔࠇ߫ޔ✚↢↥‛߇ഭ௛㔛ⷐࠍⷙቯߔࠆߣ޿߁⷗⸃ߪޔ✚ ↢↥‛ߩߎߩࠃ߁ߥ㈩ಽߩᲧ₸߇ᄌᦝߐࠇߥ޿㒢ࠅߢޔᚑࠅ┙ߟޕ  ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߪޔޡේℂޢ╙ 3 31 ┨߹ߢߪޔ⚐ᚲᓧ߇Ⴧടߔࠆߣ߈✚ᚲᓧ߽ห ᭽ߦჇടߔࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚ㧔Ibid., 388/⸶ 466㧕ޕߎߩ႐วߦߪޔ✚↢↥‛߆ࠄ⾓ ㊄ߣߘࠇએᄖߩᚲᓧ߳ߩ㈩ಽᄌᦝߪ↢ߓߥ޿ޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣ߆ࠄޔᣥᯏ᪾⺰߹ ߢߪ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߪޔഭ௛㔛ⷐߩⷙቯⷐ࿃ߣߒߡ✚↢↥‛ࠍ㊀ⷞߒߡ޿ߚޕ  ߛ߇ޔᣂᯏ᪾⺰ߢߪޔ✚↢↥‛ߩഭ૶㈩ಽߪนᄌ⊛ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇⹺⼂ߐࠇࠆࠃ ߁ߦߥࠆޕᯏ᪾ዉ౉ߩᢙሼ଀ߢߪޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߪޔᵹേ⾗ᧄߦࠃࠆഭ௛㔛ⷐߩⷙ ቯߦᡷ߼ߡὶὐࠍᒰߡࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆޕ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙߇ߘߩᓟ߽ޡේℂޢߩᡷ ࠍⴕ ߞߡ޿ߚߣߔࠇ߫ޔഭ௛㔛ⷐߩⷙቯⷐ࿃ࠍߐࠄߦ᣿⏕ൻߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⠨ኤ߇ਈ߃ࠄ ࠇߚ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿ޕ  6. ⚿߮  ᧄႎ๔ߢߪ߹ߕޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛㔛ⷐߩⷙቯⷐ࿃ߦߟ޿ߡޔᵹേ⾗ᧄ ߽ߒߊߪ✚⾗ᧄ㧔✚↢↥‛ߦㆶరߐࠇࠆ㒢ࠅߢ㧕ߦࠃࠆߣߔࠆንႦ᳁ߩ⸃㉼ߣޔ ⚛᧚⊛ᒻᘒߢߩ✚↢↥‛ߦࠃࠆߣߔࠆ⠀㠽᳁ߩ⸃㉼ߣࠍᬌ⸛ߒߚޕਔ⠪ߩਥߥ⋧ ㆑ߪޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛⛽ᜬࡈࠔࡦ࠼߇ޔਇ↢↥⊛ഭ௛⠪ߩ㓹↪ࠍ฽߻߆ ߤ߁߆ߣ޿߁ὐߦ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߚޕ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߪഭ௛⛽ᜬࡈࠔࡦ࠼ࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣ ߈ޔਇ↢↥⊛ഭ௛⠪ߩ㓹↪߽╬ߒߊ⠨ኤߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ⏕⹺ߒޔߎߩὐߢߪޔ⠀ 㠽᳁ߩ⸃㉼ࠍᡰᜬߒ߁ࠆߎߣࠍ⺰ߓߚޕ  ߛ߇਄⸥ߩ┙႐ߪޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛㔛ⷐߩⷙቯⷐ࿃ࠍ✚↢↥‛ߦ᳞߼ ࠆ⸃㉼ࠍޔߘߩ߹߹⹺߼ࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿ޕߎߩὐߦ㑐ㅪߒߡޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߦ߅ߌ ࠆഭ௛⛽ᜬࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߪޔ⾓㊄ၮ㊄⺑ߦㅢߓࠆ⠨߃ᣇߢ޽ࠆ߆ᬌ⸛ߒߚޕߘߒߡ࡝ ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߪޔᔅ㔛ຠߩ↢↥㊂ߪޔߘࠇߦኻߔࠆ㔛ⷐߦᏀฝߐࠇࠆߎߣޔ߹ߚ✚↢ ↥‛ߩ⾓㊄ᚲᓧߣߘࠇએᄖߩᚲᓧ߳ߩ㈩ಽߪนᄌ⊛ߢ޽ࠆߣߩ┙႐ࠍߣߞߡ߅ ࠅޔ⾓㊄ၮ㊄⺑ߦㅢߓࠆ⷗⸃ࠍߣߞߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚޕ

Stirati 1999, 204-8 ߥߤࠍෳᾖޕ

－47－  ߎߩߎߣߪޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙߇ഭ௛㔛ⷐߩⷙቯⷐ࿃ࠍޔ✚↢↥‛ߦ᳞߼ߡ޿ߚߩߪޔ ✚↢↥‛ߦ߅ߌࠆ਄⸥ߩ㈩ಽ߇ᄌൻߒߥ޿㒢ࠅߢߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆޔߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍ␜ ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߪᣂᯏ᪾⺰ߢߪޔߎߩ㈩ಽᄌᦝ߇޽ࠅᓧࠆߎߣࠍ⹺߼ޔഭ ௛㔛ⷐߩⷙቯⷐ࿃ߣߒߡᵹേ⾗ᧄࠍᒝ⺞ߒߚޕߎߩⷰὐࠍ߰߹߃ߡޔഭ௛㔛ⷐߩ ⷙቯⷐ࿃ࠍ޿߆ߦ✚วൻߒ߁ࠆ߆ޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߪ␜ߔߦ⥋ߞߡ޿ߥ޿ޕ  ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛㔛ⷐߩ᳿ቯⷐ࿃ߪޔߘߩ⚻ᷣቇ⊛ᕁ⠨ߩ⊒ዷߩਛߢޔ ᧂ᳿ߩ߹߹ᱷߐࠇߚߣ޿߃ࠆޕ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙⫾Ⓧ⺰૕♽ࠍ⠨ኤߒߡࠁߊߦ޽ߚߞߡޔ એ਄ߦ␜ߐࠇߚ⚿⺰ߩᜬߟᗧ๧ࠍޔߏߊ◲නߦߢߪ޽ࠆ߇⠨߃ߡߺߚ޿ޕ  ╙৻ߦޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛⛽ᜬࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߪޔਇ↢↥⊛ഭ௛⠪ߩ㓹↪ࠍ฽ ߻ߣߔࠇ߫ޔߘߩ⾗ᧄ⫾Ⓧ⺰߽߹ߚޔᓐࠄߩ㓹↪ࠍ೨ឭߣߒߡዷ㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎ ߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆޕߎߩὐࠍ߰߹߃ߚߣ߈ޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߩ⫾Ⓧ⺰૕♽ߪ޿߆ߦᛠីߔ ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߛࠈ߁߆ޕ╙ੑߦޔ✚↢↥‛ߩ⾓㊄ᚲᓧߣߘࠇએᄖߩᚲᓧ߳ߩ ㈩ಽߩᄌᦝߪޔ⾗ᧄ⫾Ⓧߣಽ㈩ߦߟ޿ߡߩ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ߩ⷗ㅢߒࠍߤࠇ߶ߤᏀฝߔ ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ߆ޔߣ޿߁ߎߣ߽⠨ኤߦ୯ߔࠆߣ޿߃ࠃ߁ޕ  ෳᾖᢥ₂㧔ㅊടߩ࡝ࠬ࠻ࠍᒰᣣ㈩Ꮣ੍ቯ㧕 Blaug, M. 1962 , Economic Theory in Retrospect, Homewood, Illinois: Irwin.㧔ਭ଻⧐ ๺߶߆⸶ޡ⚻ᷣℂ⺰ߩᱧผޢ਄ਅᏎ, ᧲ᵗ⚻ᷣᣂႎ␠, 1966 ᐕ㧕. Marx, K. 1963 , Das Kapital. Kritik der politischen Ökonomie. Zweiter Band. Buch II, Karl Marx-Firedrich Engels Werke, Band 24, Berlin: Dietz Varlag.㧔ᄢౝ౓ⴡ ࡮⚦Ꮉཅ౐⸶ޡࡑ࡞ࠢࠬ=ࠛࡦࠥ࡞ࠬో㓸ޢ╙ 24 Ꮞ, ᄢ᦬ᦠᐫ, 1968 ᐕ㧕. Ricardo, D. 1951 , On the Principles of Political Economy, and Taxation, The Works and Copprespondence of David Ricardo, edited by P. Sraffa, vol.1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.㧔ၳ⚻ᄦ⸶ޡ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙ో㓸ޢ╙ 1 Ꮞ, 㓶᧻ၴ, 1972 ᐕ㧕. Schumpeter, J. A. 1954 , History of Economic Analysis, New York: Oxford University Press.㧔᧲⇌♖৻⸶ޡ⚻ᷣಽᨆߩᱧผޢో 7 Ꮞ, ጤᵄᦠᐫ, 1955-62 ᐕ㧕. Stirati, A. 1999 , Ricardo and the wages fund, in Mongiovi, G. and Petri, F. eds., Value, Distribution and Capital:Essays in Honour of Pierangelo Garegnani, London;New York: Routledge: 204-229. ንႦ⦟ਃ. 1965 , ޡ⫾Ⓧ⺰⎇ⓥޢᧂ᧪␠. ⠀㠽ථ਽. 1963 , ޡฎౖᵷ⾗ᧄ⫾Ⓧ⺰ߩ⎇ⓥޢᧂ᧪␠.

－48－ ንጊᄢቇߩࡈ࡝࡯࠻࡝ࡅ࡮㨢࡮ࡧࠖ࡯ࠩ࡯ᢥᐶ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第二会場 Friedrich v. Wieser’s Library in Toyama University

౎ᧁ♿৻㇢

ንጊᄢቇߩ⚻ᷣቇㇱߦߪޔᣥ㜞ጟ㜞╬໡ᬺቇᩞ߇ᚲ⬿ߒߡ޿ߚࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡝ࠕቇᵷߩ⚻ᷣ ቇ⠪ࡈ࡝࡯࠻࡝ࡅ࡮ࡈࠜࡦ࡮ࡧࠖ࡯ࠩ࡯ߩᢥᐶ߇޽ࠆޕ⑳ߪޔንጊᄢቇߩဈญᱜᔒળຬߩ ᅢᗧߢߘߩߎߣࠍ⍮ࠄߐࠇޔᤓᐕ㧔2008 ᐕ㧕ߩ㧢᦬ߦታ࿾ߦߘࠇࠍ⏕߆߼ߚޕߘࠇߪޔࡧ ࠖ࡯ࠩ࡯߇ฃ⿅ߒߚᛮ߈೚ࠅ߿ࡄࡦࡈ࡟࠶࠻ޔᦠ☋߿⾗ᢱ㘃߆ࠄߥࠆᢥᐶߢޔ⚂ 1600 ὐ߆ ࠄߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩᢥᐶߪޔߘߩሽ࿷ߔࠄ৻⥸ߦߪ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ߁߃ޔߘࠇࠍ㜞ጟ 㜞໡߇౉ᚻߒߚ⚻✲ߦ߆ࠎߔࠆ⾗ᢱߪ૗߽ᱷߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ޕ ߒ߆ߒޔ᧲⇌♖৻ᢥᐶߦᱷߐࠇߡ޿ߚᒰᤨߩฎᦠ໡ߩ⋡㍳ߦߎߩࠦ࡟࡚ࠢࠪࡦߩᐢ๔߇ ឝタߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇್᣿ߒߚޕࡧࠖ࡯ࠩ࡯߇ᴚߒߚߩߪ 1926 ᐕߩ㧣᦬㧝㧜ᣣߢ޽ࠆޕߘ ߩᓟ߶ߤߥߊߒߡᏒ႐ߦ಴ߚߎߩᢥᐶࠍޔ㜞ጟ㜞໡ߩࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ߇૗ࠄ߆ߩ߈ߞ߆ߌߢ⍮ߞ ߡޔ⾼౉ߒߚ߽ߩߣផ᷹ߐࠇࠆޕߎߩᢥᐶ߇ߘߩᓟޔ⋡㍳߽૞ᚑߐࠇߕᦠᐶߩ 㓈ߦ᡼⟎ ߐࠇߚℂ↱ߪ᣿ࠄ߆ߢߥ޿ޕ ߎߩࠦ࡟࡚ࠢࠪࡦߪ⚻ᷣቇ߆ࠄ᡽ᴦቇ࡮␠ળቇ࡮ᱧผቇߦ߅ࠃ߱ࡧࠖ࡯ࠩ࡯ߩ㑐ᔃߩ᜛ ߇ࠅࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆߛߌߢߥߊޔᓐࠍਛᔃߦߒߚቇ⠪ߚߜߩࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߩሽ࿷ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ ࠆޕߘߩ߶߷ਃಽߩੑߪ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆࿤ߩቇ⠪߆ࠄㅍࠄࠇߚ߽ߩߛ߇ޔ⧷⺆࿤ޔࡈ࡜ࡦࠬ⺆࿤ޔ ࠗ࠲࡝ࠕ⺆࿤ߩቇ⠪߆ࠄߩ߽ߩ߽޽ࠆޕA࡮ࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ޔI࡮ࡈࠖ࠶ࠪࡖ࡯ޔJ࡮B࡮ࠢ࡜࡯ ࠢޔI࡮ࠛ࠶ࠫࡢ࡯ࠬޔJ࡮M࡮ࠤࠗࡦ࠭ޔA࡮ࠕࡈ࠲࡝ࠝࡦޔV࡮ࡄ࡟࡯࠻ޔM࡮ࡄ࠶࠲࡟ ࠝ࡯࠾ޔ╬ޘߢ޽ࠆޕ⑳ߪ L࡮ࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ߆ࠄㅍࠄࠇߚᛮ߈೚ࠅ㧞ὐࠍ⺞ߴߚ߇ᦠ߈ߎߺߪߥ ߆ߞߚޕ ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆࿤ߩቇ⠪ߚߜ߆ࠄߩነ⿅ಽࠍ৻ⷩߔࠆߣޔࡧࠖ࡯ࡦᄢቇߩ࠼ࡦߢ޽ߞߚࡧࠖ࡯ ࠩ࡯ࠍߣࠅ߹ߊਛ᰷ߩቇ⠪ߚߜߩベ߇⷗߃ߡߊࠆޕ㊁ᔃ⊛ߥ⧯ᚻߩቇ⠪ߚߜ߇ޔ┹ߞߡߘ ߩᬺ❣ࠍᓐߦ₂๒ߒߡ޿ࠆޕᕁᗐ⊛ߦኋᢜߤ߁ߒߢ޽ࠆࡒ࡯࠯ࠬߣࡁࠗ࡜࡯࠻ߩ෺ᣇߣ߽ޔ ߘߩᬺ❣ࠍࡧࠖ࡯ࠩ࡯ߦߟߨߦㅍߞߡ߅޿ߚޕ ᧄႎ๔ߢߪޔߎߩᢥᐶߢࠊ߆ࠆࡧࠖ࡯ࠩ࡯ߩ㑐ᔃߣ੤෹ߩ▸࿐ࠍ⺑᣿ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦޔࡧ ࠖ࡯ࠩ࡯ߩᢥᐶ߇㜞ጟ㧔޿߹ߪንጊߦ⒖ߞߡ޿ࠆ߇㧕ߦ⪭ߜ⌕ߊߎߣߦߥߞߚ⚻✲ࠍᒰᤨ ߩฎᦠߩᵹㅢ੐ᖱޔ㜞໡ࠍ฽߻ᚢ೨ߩ໡ቇ࡮⚻ᷣቇᢎ⢒੐ᖱࠍ฽߼ߡ⸃᣿ߔࠆޕ

⾗ᢱ㧝㧚㜞ጟ㜞໡⬿ᦠㅊ⵬㧦ንᄢ⚻ᷣቇㇱ⾗ᢱቶ (http://www3.u-toyama.ac.jp/dsec/koshoho.htm accessed 2009/06/18)

－49－ F. V. Wieser Bibliothek 1. Nationalokonomie (1-3): 1-64 2. Kapital, Zins: 65-89 3. Konsum, Produktion: 90-109 4. Krisen: 110-127 5. Lohn, Einkommen (1-2): 154-205 6. Monographie (1-2): 154-205 7. Rente: 206-222 8. Wert, Preis (1-5): 223-332 9. Bank, Borse (1-5): 333-432 10. Geld, Kredit (1-10): 433-630 11. Sparwesen: 631-650 12, Finanzwissenschaft (1-10): 651-840 13. Gerwerbe, Industrie (1-5): 841-935 14. Wucher: 936-944 15. Agrarwesen (1-6): 945-1042 16. Sozialwissenschaft (1-7): 1943-1217 17. Soziologie (1-3): 1218-1259 18. Armenwesen: 1260-1284 19. Bevolkerungswesen (1-2): 1285-1320 20. Frauenfrage (1-3): 1321-1348 21. Wohnungswesen (1-2): 1349-1399 22. Statistik (1-3): 1400-1483 23. Politik (1-3): 1484-1554

⾗ᢱ 2. ᧲⇌ᢥᐶߢ⊒⷗ߐࠇߚฎᦠࠞ࠲ࡠࠣ㧔᧲⇌ᢥᐶ/Y451㧕

National Ökonomie / Bibliotheken / Prof. F. v. Wieser-Wien / Prof. M. Behrend-Mannheim /Und andere Sammlungen Antiquaritats-Katalog 42 K. F. Koehlers Antiquarium, Leipzig/Täuschenweg 21 Oskar Ferschel, Buchhandlung und Antiquaritat G. m. b. H., Stuttgart/Eberhardstrasse 10 Gemeinsame Drahtanschrift: Kolibri Leipzig

ᐢ๔ߦ߅ߌࠆ⸥タ HANDAPPARAT F. v. WIESER 1712 WERTVOLLE, VELLFACH VERGRIFFENE ARBEITEN

------ANZAHL AGRARWESEN ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮ ࡮ 110 ARMENWESEN ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮ 25 BANK/BÖRSE ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮ ࡮࡮࡮ 97 BEVÖLKERUNGSWESEN ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮  50 FINANZWISSENSCHAFT ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮ 192 FRAUENFRAGE ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮ 29 GELD/KREDIT ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮ 234 GEWERBE/INDUSTRIE/HANDEL ࡮࡮࡮ 115

－50－ KAPITAL/ZINS ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮ 25 ﹇第一日目﹈ 第二会場 KONSUM/PRODUKTION ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮ 20 KRISEN 㨯࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮ 18 LOHN/EINKOMMEN ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮ 30 MONOGRAPHIEN UBER VERTRETER DER NATIONALÖKONOMIE ࡮࡮࡮࡮ 58 NATIONALÖKONOMIE (ALLGEMEINE THEORETISCHE) ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮ 80 POLITIK 㨯࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮ 91 RENTE 㨯࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮ 17 SOZIALWISSENSCHAFT ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮ 181 SOZIOLOGIE  ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮ 48 SPARWESEN ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮ 20 STATISTIK ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮ 86 WERT/PREIS ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮ 125 WOHNUNGSWESEN ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮  52 WUCHER ࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮࡮ 9

GESAMTPREIS RM. 2000.㧙

－51－ ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦޟ␠ળ⊛ߥ೙ᐲߣߒߡߩࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯ߩᬌ⸛ޠ The potential of philanthropy: the social system in British history ឭ᩺⠪㧧ጟ᧛᧲ᵗశ ਻↥ᄢ   ᧄ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߩ⺖㗴ߪޔޟ␠ળ⊛ߥ೙ᐲޠߣߒߡ⚻ᷣߦၒ߼ㄟ߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆޟࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠ ࡇ࡯ޠߩౕ૕⋧ࠍࠗࠡ࡝ࠬㄭઍผߦ߅޿ߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣࠍㅢߒߡޔ⃻ઍᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆ⥄⊒ ⊛ߥ↢ᵴេഥᵴേߩ޽ࠅᣇࠍ⠨߃ࠆෳᾖ♽ࠍឭ␜ߔࠆߎߣߦ޽ࠆޕ ⑔␩࿖ኅߩⴕ߈⹣ࠅࠍᛂ⎕ߔߴߊޟౣޠ⊓႐ߒߚᏒ႐⾗ᧄਥ⟵ߪޔ࡝࡯ࡑࡦ࡮࡚ࠪ࠶ࠢ ࠍᄾᯏߦ⎕✋ߒߚޕߘߩ⚿ᨐޔฦ࿖᡽ᐭߩኻᔕߪޔ㌁ⴕ߿ડᬺߩ⋥ធ⊛ߥᢇᷣߣ޿߁ᒻߢ ޟ࿖ኅޠ⾗ᧄਥ⟵ࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚޕߘߒߡޔࠝࡃࡑ᡽ᮭߩ⊓႐߿᳃ਥౄߩ࿶ൎ߇ޔࠊߚߒߚ ߜߦߣߞߡᦸ߹ߒ޿ޟ࿖᳃߳ߩᚻෘ޿⑔␩ޠࠍ߽ߚࠄߔ߆ߤ߁߆ޔਇㅘ᣿ߥ⁁ᴫߦ޽ࠆޕ ߘ߽ߘ߽ޔߎࠇ߆ࠄవߩ␠ળࠍዷᦸߔࠆߣ߈ޔ⋡ᜰߔߪᣥ࠲ࠗࡊߩ⑔␩࿖ኅ߳ߩ࿁Ꮻ߿ޔ Ꮢ႐ ㊄Ⲣ ⾗ᧄਥ⟵ߩౣ↢ߢߪߥ޿ߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕขߞߡઍࠊࠆߴ߈ߪޔ⑔␩ߩⶄว૕ ᡽ᐭ࡮ ડᬺ࡮࿾ၞ࡮ኅᣖ࡮୘ੱ ߦⵣઃߌࠄࠇߚᄙర⊛⑔␩␠ળߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆޕ⸒޿឵߃ࠆߣޔ ᡽ᐭਥዉ߆ޔᏒ႐ߩ⥄ᓞᕈߩ࿁ᓳ߆ޔߣ޿߁ੑర⺰⊛ߥᕁ⠨ᨒ⚵ߢߪߥߊޔ᡽ᐭ࡮ડᬺ࡮ ࿾ၞ࡮ኅᣖ࡮୘ੱߣ޿ߞߚਥ૕ߩᵴേࠍ฽߻ޟ౒ㅴൻޠࠍ⠨߃ࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ ࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯ߦ㑐ߒߡޔᦨㄭޔ⧷࿖ߪ㊄Ỉ๟૞ޡ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖߣࠗࠡ࡝ࠬㄭઍޢ  ޔ ࠼ࠗ࠷ߪᎹ⿧ୃ࡮ㄞ⧷ผ✬ޡ␠ળ࿖ኅࠍ↢߈ࠆޢ  ޔࡈ࡜ࡦࠬߪ↰ਛᜏ㆏ޡ⽺࿎ߣ౒ ๺࿖ޢ  ߣ޿ߞߚޔᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈⎇ⓥ߇⊓႐ߒߚޕ㊄Ỉ߇⸒߁ࠃ߁ߦޔ⧷࿖ߢߪޔㄭઍ ␠ળߪ᳃㑆ਥዉߢᒻᚑߐࠇߡ߈ߚߩߢ޽ࠅޔߘߩਛᔃߦߪޟ᳃㑆㕖༡೑ߩ⥄⊒⊛ߥᒙ⠪ᢇ ᷣⴕὑޠߢ޽ࠆࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯߇ሽ࿷ߒߚޕᄌൻߣ┹੎߇↢ߺ಴ߔ␠ળ໧㗴ߦኻߒޔࡈ ࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯ߪޟ‛ℂ⊛ߦ߽ℂᔨ⊛࡮ࠗ࠺ࠝࡠࠡ࡯⊛ߦ߽ਇนᰳߩ቟ቯ᧚ᢱޠߣߒߡ␠ ળߩਛߦ೙ᐲൻߐࠇߡᯏ⢻ߒߡ߈ߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ ߛ߇ޔߎࠇ߹ߢࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯ߪޔ␠ળ᡽╷࡮଻㓚ߩ❑ഀࠅߩ୘೎㗔ၞ⎇ⓥ߳ߩ⵬⿷ ߣߒߡขࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇࠆߎߣ߇߶ߣࠎߤߢ޽ߞߚޕߒ߆߽ޔ᭎ᔨ⥄૕߇ฦ࿖ߦ߅޿ߡߤߩࠃ ߁ߦ૶ࠊࠇޔ޽ࠆ޿ߪ૶ࠊࠇߕޔઁߩ↪⺆ߢ⺆ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚߩ߆ߣ޿ߞߚೋᱠ⊛ߥ໧㗴߇ᱷ ߐࠇߚ߹߹ߢ޽ࠆޕቇผቇળߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޔ␠ળ᡽╷ᕁᗐ߿␠ળ଻㓚߿␠ળ⑔␩ᕁᗐߣߩ㑐 ㅪߢޔ୘೎⊛ߦ⺰ߓࠄࠇࠆߎߣߪ޽ߞߚ߇ޔᱜ㕙߆ࠄޔࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯ࠍขࠅ਄ߍߚߎ ߣߪޔ߅ߘࠄߊߥ߆ߞߚߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕߛ߇ޔࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯ߪޔࠊࠇࠊࠇ߇  ਎♿ߦ߅ ޿ߡᧂ᧪␠ળࠍ ⶄว⊛ߥ ⑔␩␠ળߣߒߡ᭴ᗐߔࠆ㓙ߦߪޔήⷞߢ߈ߥ޿㗔ၞߢ޽ࠆޕ ߘߎߢޔ੹࿁ߪޔࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߩ  ਎♿߆ࠄ  ਎♿ೋ㗡ࠍਛᔃߦޔࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯ࠍ⎇ ⓥߒߡ߈ߚࡔࡦࡃ࡯ࠍਛᔃߦ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦࠍ⠨߃ߚޕႎ๔⠪ߪ㊄Ỉ๟૞ ੩ㇺᄢ ޟવ⛔⊛࠴ ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖޠޔጟ᧛᧲ᵗశ ਻↥ᄢ ޟታᬺኅߩࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯ޠޔጊᧄථ ᣂẟ⋵┙ᄢ ޟ%15ޠޔ ߢ޽ࠆޕ

－52－ ᘏༀା⸤ᴺ㧔1853 ᐕ㧕ߩ㐳޿೙ቯㆊ⒟̆࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖߦߺࠆࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߩ⥄↱ߣ⛔ᴦ̆ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第二会場 ㊄Ỉ๟૞

ߪߓ߼ߦ

 18 ਎♿߆ࠄ 19 ਎♿ߦ߆ߌߡޔࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߪ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖ޽ࠆ޿ߪࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇߩᤨઍߢ

޽ߞߚޕߘߩ଀⸽ߣߒߡ⎇ⓥผ਄ਥߦขࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇߡ߈ߚߩߪ൐㊄┙ߩ◊ᔒදળߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ

ߎࠇߪ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖో૕ߩ৻ㇱߦㆊ߉ߥ޿ޕࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߦߪ߽߁৻ߟߩᏂᄢߥ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖߩᒻ

ᘒ߇޽ߞߚޕᧄႎ๔ߢ⌕⋡ߔࠆၮ㊄┙ߩᘏༀା⸤㧔charitable trusts, endowments, endowed charities ߥߤ㧕ߢ޽ࠆޕᘏༀା⸤ߪޔ90 ᐕઍᓟඨ߆ࠄዋߒߕߟߘߩታᘒ߇⸃᣿

ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔଐὼߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇߑࠆ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖߢ޽ࠆޕ

ਛ਎એ᧪ߩવ⛔ࠍᜬߟᘏༀା⸤ߩ․ᓽߪޔߘࠇ߇ቇᩞߢ޽ࠇᢇ⽺੐ᬺߢ޽ࠇޔၮ㊄ࠍ⸳

ቯߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ⸳┙ߐࠇࠆὐߦ޽ࠆޕਥߣߒߡㆮ⸒⁁ߢၮ㊄ߩㆇ↪ࠍା⸤ߐࠇߚ

࠻࡜ࠬ࠹ࠖ ฃ⸤⠪㧔ᢎ඙߿ㇺᏒ⥄ᴦ૕ޔ⡛⡯⠪ޔ৻ᣖߥߤ㧕ߪޔේೣߣߒߡ᳗ਭߦޔᜰቯߐࠇߚㅢࠅ ߩᢇᷣᵴേࠍⴕ߁ޕ1870 ᐕઍߦߪࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ߣ࠙ࠚ࡯࡞࠭ߛߌߢޔ⚂ 3 ਁ 7000 ޽ࠅޔ

ߘߩᐕ෼౉✚㗵ߪ 220 ਁࡐࡦ࠼ߦߩ߷ߞߚޕหᤨᦼߩ౏⊛ᢇ⽺ᡰ಴߇ᐕ 700㨪800 ਁࡐࡦ

࠼ߢ޽ߞߚߎߣࠍᕁ߃߫ޔߘߩⷙᮨߩᄢ߈ߐߪ৻⋡⍎ὼߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕหᤨઍੱߦߣߞߡޔᘏ

ༀା⸤ߪ᳿ߒߡਇนⷞߢ߽ዊߐߊ߽ߥ߆ߞߚޕߘߩવ⛔ߪ޿߹߽ฦ࿾ߦᕷߠ޿ߡ޿ࠆޕ

1853 ᐕޔߘߩᘏༀା⸤ߩᱧผࠍ↹ߔࠆᴺᓞ߇೙ቯߐࠇߚޕߎߩᴺߦࠃࠅޔ⻉ᑷኂߩ᡼છ

⁁ᘒߦኻߒ৻ቯߩ೙㒢߇߆ߌࠄࠇߡޔᘏༀା⸤ߩ␠ળ⊛ല↪ߪ㜞߹ߞߚޕหᴺߢ⥝๧ᷓ޿

ߩߪޔߎࠇ߇⃻࿷߹ߢ⛯ߊ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖᴺ೙ߩၮ␆ࠍᒻ૞ߞߚὐߣޔ೙ቯߦ⥋ࠆ㆏ߩࠅ߇㒾

ߒ߆ߞߚὐߦ޽ࠆޕᧄႎ๔ߢߪޔᚑ┙߹ߢߦ 10 એ਄ߩᴺ᩺߇ุ᳿߿ᑄ᩺ࠍ➅ࠅ㄰ߔ⚻✲

ࠍౣᬌ⸛ߒߡޔᘏༀା⸤ߣ޿߁␠ળ೙ᐲߩ⃻⁁ߣᧂ᧪ߦ૗߇⾲ߌࠄࠇߡ޿ߚߩ߆ࠍតࠆޕ

৻ ᴺ᩺ឭ಴ߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢ

 ᧄႎ๔ߩኻ⽎ߣߔࠆᤨઍߦޔᴺ⊛ߦ໧㗴ߣߐࠇࠆޟ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖޠߪޔၮᧄ⊛ߦᘏༀା⸤

ߩߺߢ޽ߞߚޕߘߩᘏༀା⸤ߪޔߤߎߦ૗߇޽ࠅޔߤࠇ߶ߤߩᢇᷣലᨐࠍ᦭ߒߡ޿ߚߩ߆ޕ 

1786 ᐕߩࠡ࡞ࡃ࡯࠻ᴺߦࠃࠅ⺞ᩏ߇ߥߐࠇߚ⚿ᨐޔࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ߣ࠙ࠚ࡯࡞࠭ߦዋߥߊ

ߣ߽ᐕ 52 ਁࡐࡦ࠼ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆⷙᮨߩᘏༀା⸤߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣޔߐࠄߦޔ⋧ᒰᢙߩା⸤߇

ࠕࡆࡘ࡯ࠬ ਇஜోߦㆇ༡ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇್᣿ߒߚޕਇஜోㆇ༡ߣߪޔၮ㊄⸳ቯ⠪ߩᗧᕁㅢࠅߦ࠴ࡖ ࡝࠹ࠖ߇ⴕߥࠊࠇߡ޿ߥ޿⁁ᘒޔౕ૕⊛ߦߪၮ㊄ߩ⋡⊛ᄖ૶↪߿૛೾㊄ߩᮮ㗔ޔฃ⸤⠪ߩ

ਇ࿷ޔ߽ߪ߿ή⋉ߥᤨઍ㍲⺋⊛⋡⊛߳ߩ⾌ᶖߥߤࠍᜰߔޕၮ㊄ߩ૶↪⋡⊛ߩ᳗⛯ߪޔᄌᦝ

－53－ ࠍߔࠆߣߒߡ߽ࠝ࡝ࠫ࠽࡞ߩ⋡⊛ߦߢ߈ࠆ߆߉ࠅㄭ޿߽ߩߢߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿ߣ޿߁ޟ

ࠪ࡯࡮ࡊ࡟ࠗ น෸⊛ㄭૃ㧔cy pres㧕ޠේೣߦࠃߞߡ଻⸽ߐࠇߡ޿ߚߚ߼ޔ቟ቯ⊛ߥᢇᷣታ〣ࠍน⢻ߦߔ ࠆߣหᤨߦޔ࠾࡯࠭ߦวࠊߥ޿࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖߩޟή㚝㆜޿ޠࠍ߽↢߻ਔ಺ߩ೶ߢ޽ߞߚޕ

 ߰ߚߚ߮࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖ߇⣉శࠍᶎ߮ߚߩߪޔ1816 ᐕ 5 ᦬ޔ㚂ㇺਅጀ᳃ᢎ⢒⺞ᩏ․೎ᆔຬ

ળ߇⸳⟎ߐࠇߚߣ߈ߩߎߣߢ޽ߞߚޕᆔຬ㐳ߩ㧴࡮ࡉ࡞࡯ࡓߪޔ⺞ᩏߩㆊ⒟ߢήᢙߩਇஜ

ోㆇ༡ࠍ⷗಴ߒޔᐼ᳃㒮ߦߪߚࠄ߈߆ߌߡޔ1818 ᐕߦߪޔࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ߣ࠙ࠚ࡯࡞࠭ߩో

࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖߩਇஜోㆇ༡ߩታᘒ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߥ߁ᆔຬળࠍ⸳⟎ߐߖߚޕએ᧪ 1837 ᐕ߹ߢߩ㑆

ߦޔᢿ⛯⊛ߦ྾ߟߩ⺞ᩏᆔຬળ߇⸳⟎ߐࠇޔ32 ߩႎ๔ᦠ㧔ో 38 Ꮞ㧕߇↢ߺ಴ߐࠇߚޕ1840

ᐕߦߪޔᐕ㑆෼౉✚㗵߇ 120 ਁࡐࡦ࠼એ਄ߦߥࠆ 2 ਁ 8880 ߩᘏༀା⸤ߩሽ࿷߇⏕⹺ߐࠇ

ߚޕหᤨߦޔਇஜోㆇ༡ߩታᘒߪᗐ௝એ਄ߦᷓೞߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߽ޟ⊒⷗ޠߐࠇߚޕߛ߇ޔ⺞

ᩏᆔຬળߪߤࠇ߽ᤨ㒢⊛ߢ޽ࠅޔ⛮⛯⊛ߥขࠅ⚵ߺࠍਇน⢻ߦߒߚޕߒ߆߽ 1837 ᐕࠍᦨ

ᓟߦޔ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖߩ⃻⁁ࠍ⺞ᩏߒޔ໧㗴⸃᳿ᚻᲑࠍឭଏߔࠆਛᄩᯏ㑐ߪߥߊߥߞߚޕ

 ߟ߹ࠅޔ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖᖱႎ߇⫾Ⓧߒޔਇஜోㆇ༡ߩᑷኂ߽᣿⏕ൻߒߡ߈ߚ߇ޔ໧㗴ߩේ࿃

߽⸃᳿╷߽ឭ⿠ߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚߣ޿߁ߩ߇ޔߎߩᤨᦼߩ․ᓽߢ޽ߞߚޕ

ੑ ᴺ᩺ክ⼏ߩㆊ⒟

 1841 ᐕ߆ࠄ 1853 ᐕߦ߆ߌߡޔว⸘ 13 ᧄ߽ߩᘏༀା⸤ᴺ᩺߇಴ߐࠇߚޕ

ᘏༀା⸤ߦ㑐ߔࠆᦨೋߩᴺ᩺߇⃻ࠊࠇߚߩߪޔ╙ੑᰴࡔ࡞ࡃ࡯ࡦౝ㑑㧔ࡎ࠙ࠖࠣ㧕ߩᧃ

ᦼޔ1841 ᐕ 3 ᦬ 23 ᣣߩߎߣߢޔࡎ࠙ࠖࠣߩ⼏ຬ߇ޔޟ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖ⋡⊛ߢା⸤ߐࠇߚਇേ

٤ᴺ╙ޟฦᴺ᩺ࠍޔ㧔╙ 1 ᴺ᩺㧧એਅޠߥࠄ߮ߦേ↥ߩᮭ೑⒖ォࠍଦㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߩᴺ᩺↥

᩺ޠߣ๭߱㧕ࠍឭ಴ߒߚޕߎࠇߪޔ⥄ᴦ૕࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖߩᦌᤒߥ⁁ᘒߩᤚᱜࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒޔᣂ

ฃ⸤⠪߳ߩା⸤ၮ㊄ߩᚲ᦭ᮭ⒖ォࠍ⹺߼ߐߖࠃ߁ߣߒߚޕᴺ᩺ߪᐼ᳃㒮ࠍㅢㆊߒߚ߇ޔ⾆

ᣖ㒮ߩ╙ੑ⺒ળߢุ᳿ߐࠇߚޕ3 ࡨ᦬ᓟޔ᡽ᮭߪ଻቞ౄߩ╙ੑᰴࡇ࡯࡞ౝ㑑ߦ⒖ࠆޕ

 1843 ᐕޔ㊁ౄࡎ࠙ࠖࠣߩ⼏ຬࠣ࡟ࠗ߇ޔ⼏ຬឭ಴ᴺ᩺ߣߒߡޟᢎ⢒⋡⊛ߩ․ቯߩᘏༀା

⸤ࠍࠃࠅㆡಾߦ↪޿ࠆߚ߼ߩᴺ᩺ޠࠍ਄⒟ߒߚ㧔╙ 2 ᴺ᩺㧕ޕዊⷙᮨᢎ⢒࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖࠍ⛔

วߒߡ᦭ല೑↪ߔࠆߚ߼ޔᨔኒ㒮ᢎ⢒ᆔຬળࠍ⸳⟎ߒޔߘߎߢࠬࡓ࡯࠭ߥᄌᦝࠍⴕߥࠊߖ

ࠃ߁ߣߒߚޕߒ߆ߒޔᴺ᩺ߪขࠅਅߍࠄࠇߚޕ

╙㧝ޔ╙2 ᴺ᩺ߪޔౝኈ߇㒢ቯ⊛ߢ޽ߞߚޕߒ߆ߒޔੑߟߩᴺ᩺ክ⼏ߩ⚻㛎ߪޔ╙ 3㨪5

ᴺ᩺ߦ߅ߌࠆᣇะᕈߩ᳿ቯߦᵴ߆ߐࠇߚޕޝᘏༀା⸤ߩၮ㊄ߦ㑐ߔࠆᴺ⊛ភ⟎ߪᦌᤒߢޔዊ

㗵ߩ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖ߇ᢔ࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆޕߥࠄ߫ޔมᴺ߆ࠄᮭ㒢ࠍขࠅ਄ߍߡਛᄩⴕ᡽ߦ⋙〈ߐߖ

－54－ ࠆߒ߆ߥ޿ޞ̆ޕ߅ߘࠄߊߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⺰ℂߦࠃࠅޔ1844 ᐕ 6 ᦬ 22 ᣣߦ଻቞ౄ᡽ᐭ߇ឭ಴ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第二会場 ߒߚ╙ 3 ᴺ᩺ߪޔ࿖ോᄢ⤿ߩછ๮ߔࠆᆔຬળ߇ዊ㗵࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖ㧔㊄㗵ߪቯ߼ߕ㧕ࠍ⋙ⷞߒޔ

ߘߩ⋡⊛ᄌᦝࠍ◲ଢߦⴕߥ߃ࠆࠃ߁ߦߒࠃ߁ߣߒߚ߇ޔᑄ᩺ߣߥߞߚޕዊ㗵࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖࠍ

ᐕ㗵 50 ࡐࡦ࠼ᧂḩߣߒޔᆔຬળ߇ቯᦼ⊛ߦ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖߦኻߒߡႎ๔ᦠࠍⷐ᳞ߔࠆߣ޿߁

㗄⋡ࠍㅊടߒߚ╙ 4 ᴺ߽᩺ޔᑄ᩺ߣߥߞߚޕᰴߩ╙ 5 ᴺ᩺ߪޔ߶߷╙ 4 ᴺ᩺ࠍ〯ⷅߒߚ߽

ߩߢޔࠊߕ߆ 2 ␿Ꮕߢุ᳿ߐࠇߚޕࡇ࡯࡞ౝ㑑ߪޔ߶ߤߥߊୟࠇߚޕ

⋧ᰴ޿ߢ㗐ᝂߒߚ╙ 3㨪╙ 5 ᴺ᩺ߢߪޔԘዊ㗵࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖߩౝኈᄌᦝᚻ⛯߈ߩ◲ଢൻޔ

ߘߒߡԙਛᄩߩᏱ⸳ᆔຬળߦࠃࠆᘏༀା⸤ో⥸ߩ⋙〈ߣ޿߁ᩇ߇┙ߡࠄࠇߡ޿ߚߎߣ߇ಽ

߆ࠆޕߎߩੑᧄᩇࠍታⴕน⢻ߥᒻౕ߳૕ൻߔࠆᎿᄦ߇ޔᓟߩ⻉ᴺ᩺ߢߥߐࠇߡࠁߊޕ

 ࡇ࡯࡞᡽ᮭᦨᧃᦼߩ 6 ᦬ 22 ᣣޔࡎ࠙ࠖࠣߩ⼏ຬ߇╙ 6 ᴺ᩺ࠍ਄⒟ߒߚޕߎࠇߪ 7 ᦬ߦ

⺀↢ߒߚࡎ࠙ࠖࠣߩ╙৻ᰴ࡜࠶࠮࡞ౝ㑑ߩ߽ߣߢክ⼏ߐࠇߚޕ൐㊄┙߽฽߻ోߡߩ࠴ࡖ࡝

࠹ࠖߦኻߒޔౝോᄢ⤿⚻↱ߢᐼ᳃㒮߳ߩᐕᰴႎ๔ᦠߩឭ಴ࠍ⟵ോઃߌࠆౝኈߢ޽ߞߚ߇ޔ

ᑄ᩺ߦߥߞߚޕౝኈᧂ⹦ߩ╙ 7 ᴺ᩺㧔47 ᐕ㧕ࠍߪߐߺޔ48 ᐕߦޟ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖା⸤⛔೙ᴺ

᩺ޠ㧔╙ 8 ᴺ᩺㧕߇᡽ᐭߦࠃࠅ਄⒟ߐࠇߚޕߎߎߢߪߓ߼ߡޟᎺⵙ್ᚲޠ߇⣉శࠍᶎ߮ߚޕ

ᐕ㗵 30 ࡐࡦ࠼ᧂḩߣߐࠇߚዊⷙᮨ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖߦߟ޿ߡޔᣂߒ޿ฃ⸤⠪ߩછ๮߿⋡⊛ᄌᦝ

ࠍߎߎߢහ᳿ߐߖࠆߣ޿߁ߩߛޕ᦭ᦸߥᴺ᩺ߢ޽ߞߚ߇ޔᤨ㑆ಾࠇߣߥߞߚޕ᡽ᐭߪ⠉ᐕޔ

ᐼ᳃㒮ߦหߓౝኈߩ╙ 9 ᴺ᩺ࠍ಴ߒߡ߈ߚ߇ޔ߹ߚᤨ㑆ಾࠇߣߥߞߚޕ

⠉ 50 ᐕ 2 ᦬ߦߪޔ30 ࡐࡦ࠼એ਄ 100 ࡐࡦ࠼ᧂḩߩ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖߩౝኈᄌᦝᚻ⛯߈ࠍᄢᴺ

ࡑࠬ࠲ ቭⵙ್ᚲߩਥ੐ߦᆔߨࠆߎߣࠍㅊടߒߡޔ╙ 10 ᴺ᩺߇ᐼ᳃㒮ߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚޕߒ߆ߒޔળ ᦼߩ⚳ࠊࠅࠍㄫ߃ߚ 7 ᦬ᧃޔขࠅਅߍࠆߎߣࠍ૛௾ߥߊߐࠇߚޕ ޔޔޔޔޔ ⷐߔࠆߦޔ╙ 2㨪6 ᴺ᩺߇ਛᄩߩⴕ᡽⚵❱ߣߒߡᆔຬળࠍ⟎߈ޔޟ਄߆ࠄޠߩ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖ ޔޔޔޔޔ ᡷ㕟ࠍᔒะߒߚߩߦኻߒޔ╙ 8㨪10 ᴺ᩺ߪޔᎺⵙ್ᚲޔߟ߹ࠅޔ࿾ᣇߩมᴺߩ㗔ၞߢᡷ㕟

ࠍታ⃻ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡޔᝂ᛬ߒߚޕ

ᦨ⚳⊛ߦวᗧߐࠇߚᣇะᕈߪޔ1851 ᐕ 6 ᦬ 2 ᣣߦ᡽ᐭ߇ឭ಴ߒߚ╙ 11 ᴺ᩺ߢᛂߜ಴ߐ

ࠇߚޕᎺⵙ್ᚲߩᵴ↪ߦട߃ߡޔᏱ⸳ߩ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖᆔຬળࠍ૞ࠆ᩺߇ౣ߮⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚޕ

ߒ߆ߒ 8 ᦬ᧃߢᤨ㑆ಾࠇߣߥߞߚޕ⠉ᐕ 2 ᦬ޔ᡽ᐭߪ╙ 12 ᴺ᩺ࠍ಴ߒߚߩߛ߇ޔ⋥ᓟߦ

࡜࠶࠮࡞ౝ㑑ߪୟࠇߡߒ߹ߞߚޕߒ߆߽ޔᓟࠍᒁ߈⛮޿ߛ଻቞ౄߩ࠳࡯ࡆౝ㑑ߩ߽ߣߢ߽

ㅴዷߖߕޔᑄ᩺ߦߥߞߚޕ53 ᐕ 4 ᦬ 19 ᣣޔ╙ 13 ᴺ᩺߇ޔ╙৻ᰴࠕࡃ࠺ࠖ࡯ࡦㅪ┙ౝ㑑

ߩᚻߦࠃߞߡឭ಴ߐࠇߚޕୃᱜࠍട߃ߚ⚿ᨐޔหᴺ᩺ߪ⼏ળࠍㅢㆊߔࠆޕߟ޿ߦ 1853 ᐕ

ߩᘏༀା⸤ᴺߪᚑ┙ߒߚޕ

－55－ ో 13 ᴺ᩺ߩክ⼏ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦߪޔߪߞ߈ࠅߒߚᵹࠇ߇⷗ߡขࠇࠆޕਇஜోㆇ༡ߩේ࿃

ࠍᄢᴺቭⵙ್ᚲߩⲢㅢߩല߆ߥߐߦ⷗ࠆߣߎࠈ߆ࠄ಴⊒ߒޔ߹ߕߪޔਛᄩⴕ᡽ߦࠃࠆ৻ర

⊛ߥ⛔೙ࠍ⋡ᜰߒ㧔╙ 2㨪6 ᴺ᩺㧕ޔᰴߦޔ࿾ᣇߩมᴺᯏ㑐ߦࠃߞߡ໧㗴ࠍ⸃᳿ߒࠃ߁ߣߒ

㧔╙ 8㨪10 ᴺ᩺㧕ޔᦨᓟߦޔၮᧄ⊛ߦ࿾ᣇߩมᴺߦᆔߨࠆ߇ޔਛᄩⴕ᡽߇޽ࠆ⒟ᐲߩ੺౉

ᮭߣో⥸⊛ߥ⋙〈ᮭࠍᜬߟߣ޿߁ޔੑర⊛ߥ૕೙ߦ⪭ߜ⌕޿ߚߩߢ޽ࠆ㧔╙ 11㨪13 ᴺ᩺㧕ޕ

ਃ ೑ኂߣℂᔨߩⴣ⓭

 ᘏༀା⸤ᴺߩ㐳޿೙ቯㆊ⒟ߦ⋥ធޔ㑆ធߦ㑐ࠊߞߚੱޘߪޔหߓࠧ࡯࡞ࠍ߼ߑߒߡදജ

ߒߡ޿ߚࠊߌߢߪߥ߆ߞߚޕ⇣ߥࠆࡌࠢ࠻࡞ࠍᜬߟ೑ኂ߿ᕁᖺ߇੤㍲ߒޔἫ⧎ࠍᢔࠄߒߚޕ

㧨㧝㧚᡽ᴦߩᚻᴺߣᯏ᭴㧪

 ᘏༀା⸤ᴺ᩺ߪޔᒰೋߪౄᵷ⊛ߦ੎ࠊࠇߚޕ╙ 1㨪2 ᴺ᩺ߪࡎ࠙ࠖࠣ߇ផㅴߒޔ଻቞ౄ

߇ߘࠇߦ෻ኻߒߚޕㅒߦޔ଻቞ౄ᡽ᮭߩ಴ߒߚ╙ 3㨪㧡ᴺ᩺ߪޔ෻ࡇ࡯࡞ߢ৻⥌ߒߚࡎ࠙

ࠖࠣߣ଻቞ౄߩ଻⼔⾏ᤃਥ⟵⠪ߩ෻ኻߦࠃߞߡᝂ᛬ߒߚޕࡇ࡯࡞᡽ᮭ߇ୟࠇࠆ߹ߢߩ⻉ᴺ

᩺ߪޔౄᵷ᡽ᴦߩ㆏ౕߣߒߡ߽೑↪ߐࠇߡ޿ߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߒ߆ߒޔ1846 ᐕߩ╙ 6 ᴺ᩺એ㒠ߪޔၮᧄ⊛ߦࡎ࠙ࠖࠣ᡽ᮭߩ᡽╷ߣߒߡផㅴߐࠇߚߩ

ߛ߇ޔౄᵷ⊛෻ኻߪߥߊߥߞߚޕหߓߊޔࡇ࡯࡞᡽ᮭᧃᦼߩ╙ 5 ᴺ᩺ߩᄬᢌࠍႺߦޔᏱ⸳

ᆔຬળߩኾ೙ߦኻߔࠆᕟᔺߣ࿾ᣇ᡽ᴦ߳ߩᖡᓇ㗀߳ߩ ᔨ߽ᶖ߃෰ߞߚޕߎߩࠃ߁ߦޔᘏ

ༀା⸤ᴺ᩺ߩክ⼏ߦ߅ߌࠆౄᵷ⦡࡮᡽ᴦ⦡߇ 1846 ᐕࠍႺߦߒߡᕆㅦߦ⭯߹ߞߚߩߪޔ࿖

೙ߩᩮᐙߦ㑐ࠊࠆቬᢎߣ⚻ᷣߩᄢ໧㗴ߢ᡽ዪ߇ំࠇߚ 40 ᐕઍࠍ⚻ߡޔࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ⼏ળ᡽ᴦ

߇቟ቯ⁁ᘒߦ౉ߞߚߎߣߣ㑐ଥߔࠆޕᩮᧄ⊛ߥኻ┙ゲߩߥߊߥߞߚ 40 ᐕઍᧃએ㒠 70 ᐕઍ

ඨ߫㗃߹ߢߩ⼏ળߢߪޔ᡽ౄߩᢙߩ⺰ℂߢߪߥߊฦੱฦ᭽ߩℂᔨ߇ㅊ᳞ߐࠇߚޕ

㧨㧞㧚⻉೑ኂ㧪

 ᘏༀା⸤ᴺ᩺ߪޔ᡽ᴦߩಽ㊁ߢߩߺ੎ࠊࠇߚߩߢߪߥ߆ߞߚޕ⻉೑ኂ㓸࿅ߩᕁᖺ߽߆ࠄ

ࠎߛޕࠪ࠹ࠖหᬺ⚵ว߿ㇺᏒ⥄ᴦ૕ޔᢎ඙ߪޔᣢᓧᮭ⋉ߩ㒐ⴡࠍડ࿑ߒߡᘏༀା⸤ᴺ᩺ߦ

ᒝߊ෻ኻߒߚޕᓐࠄߪ⺧㗿ߣ޿߁ᣇᴺࠍߣߞߚޕ1845 ᐕߩ 5 ᦬ 16 ᣣޔฦ⒳หᬺ⚵ว߇ޔ

ᴺ᩺ߩኻ⽎߆ࠄ㒰ᄖߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍ᳞߼ࠆ⺧㗿ࠍឭ಴ߒߚޕએ㒠ޔࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߩࠪ࠹ࠖࠍߪߓ

߼ޔߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ࿅૕߇ᴺ᩺߳ߩ෻ኻߥ޿ߒߪޔᴺ᩺ߩㆡ↪㒰ᄖࠍ᳞߼ߚޕ1846 ᐕߦߪ೨ᐕ

ࠍ਄࿁ࠆᵴ⊒ߥ⺧㗿ᵴേ߇ዷ㐿ߐࠇߚޕ

߹ߚޔ৻ㅪߩᘏༀା⸤ᴺ᩺ߪ൐㊄┙࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖࠍߘߩ✂ߦ߆ࠄ߼ߣࠈ߁ߣߒߚߚ߼ޔ൐

㊄┙࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖ೑ኂ߆ࠄߪޔ଀߃߫ᰴߩࠃ߁ߦỗߒߊ෻⊒ߐࠇߚޕᴺ᩺ߢᦨ߽ฃߌኈࠇ߇

－56－ ߚ޿ߩߪޟోߡߩࡧࠜ࡜ࡦ࠲࡝࡮ࠕ࠰࡚ࠪࠛࠗࠪࡦޠߦ߹ߢႎ๔ᦠࠍⷐ᳞ߔࠆߎߣߛޕޟ౏ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第二会場 ⊛ߥ㊄ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺑᣿⽿છߩේೣޠߦߪ⾥ᚑߛ߇ޔޟ⑳⊛ߥၮ㊄ߦߟ޿ߡߩ෼ᡰႎ๔ߦߪᢿ࿕

ߣߒߡ෻ኻߔࠆޠޔߣޕ⚿ዪޔ౏⊛ߥᘏༀା⸤ߣ⑳⊛ߥ◊ᔒදળߣ޿߁඙೎ߪ㕖Ᏹߦᒝജߢ

޽ߞߚߩߢޔ1853 ᐕᴺߪ൐㊄┙࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖࠍ㒰ᄖߒߚޕ

㧨㧟㧚ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎ⻉ቬᵷ㧪

╙1 ᴺ᩺߇ክ⼏ߐࠇߚ㓙ߦߪޔ࿖ᢎᓤߩഃ⸳ߒߚ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖ߇ࡊࡠ࠹ࠬ࠲ࡦ࠻㕖࿖ᢎᓤ

ߩᚻߦᷰߞߡߒ߹߁ߣ ᔨߐࠇߚޕߒ߆ߒޔߎߩ㑐ᔃߪ࠺ࠖ࠮ࡦ࠲ߩ໧㗴߳⒖ⴕߔࠆޕ଀

߃߫╙ 4 ᴺ᩺ߪޟࡔ࠰࠺ࠖࠬ࠻⻉⚵❱ߩⷙᓞߣౝㇱᯏ᭴ߦ੺౉ߒߡޔ߅߅޿ߦᷙੂࠍ߽ߚ

ࠄߒޔߘߩቬᢎ⊛ߥ⥄↱ࠍଚኂߔࠆߛࠈ߁ޠߣᛕ್ߐࠇߚޕࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߩ 31 ߩࡄࡊ࠹ࠬ࠻

ାᓤ࿅߆ࠄ߽෻ኻ⺧㗿߇ㅍࠄࠇߚߒޔฦ࿾ߩ࠺ࠖ࠮ࡦ࠲ߪߒ߫ߒ߫ቬᵷߩოࠍ⿧߃ߡㅪฬ

ߢ⺧㗿ߔࠆߎߣ߽޽ߞߚޕࠞ࠻࡝࠶ࠢ߿ޔ࡙࠾࠹࡝ࠕࡦ߹ߢ߽߇ޔ⺧㗿ߩᵄߦടࠊߞߚޕ

ߣߪ޿߃ޔ46 ᐕࠍㆊ߉ࠆߣޔหᬺ⚵วߩ႐วߣห᭽ߦޔ⻉ቬᵷߪᴺ᩺߳ߩỗߒ޿෻⊒ࠍ

ߒߥߊߥࠆޕ╙ 2㨪6 ᴺ᩺߇ᛂߜ಴ߒߚᒝᮭ⊛ޔᐓᷤ⊛ߥਛᄩᆔຬળ᩺߇ขࠅਅߍࠄࠇޔ

╙ 11 ᴺ᩺એ㒠ߩ᩺ߢߪޔᏱ⸳ᆔຬળߩᯏ⢻߇ᄢ᏷ߦ೥ᷫߐࠇߚߚ߼ߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ

㧨㧠㧚࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖߩᝄ⥝ߣ㒖ኂ㧪

 ᘏༀା⸤ᴺ᩺߇ᄢᴺቭⵙ್ᚲߩᑷኂࠍ⸃ᶖߒߚߣߒߡޔߘࠇߢ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖో૕ߪߪߚߒ

ߡᕲᕺࠍⵍࠆߩߢ޽ࠈ߁߆ޔߣ޿߁ᩮᧄ⊛ߥ⇼໧߽ޔ⼏ળߢߪ➅ࠅ㄰ߒ⴫᣿ߐࠇߚޕ

╙5 ᴺ᩺ߩክ⼏ਛޔ޽ࠆ⼏ຬߪޔ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖߦኻߔࠆᴺ᩺ߩᖡᓇ㗀ࠍ᜼ߍߚޕⴕ᡽ߦ⋙

ⷞߐࠇࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߦߥࠇ߫ޔࠪ࠹ࠖߩหᬺ⚵วߦ⽷ࠍᱷߔੱߪ޿ߥߊߥࠆߛࠈ߁ߒޔዊ

ߐߥᢎ඙࠴ࡖ࡝࠹߽ࠖ⋙ⷞߩኻ⽎ߦߥࠆߥࠄޔߘࠇߦᓥ੐ߒߡ޿ࠆੱߦ࠻࡜ࡉ࡞߿⽶ᜂ߇

Ⴧ߃ࠆ߫߆ࠅߛࠈ߁ޔߣޕ೎ߩ଻቞ౄ⼏ຬ߽ޔᴺ᩺߇ᚑ┙ߔࠇ߫ߎࠇ߹ߢήఘߢ௛޿ߡ߈

ߚޟࠫࠚࡦ࠻࡞ࡑࡦߚߜޠ߇ߘߩ઀੐ࠍ⛯ߌߡߊࠇߥߊߥࠆߣᜰ៰ߒߚޕ

 ߎߎ߹ߢޔᘏༀା⸤ᴺ᩺߇ᗖ⿠ߒߚߐ߹ߑ߹ߥਥ૕ߩ೑ኂߣ⸒޿ಽޔߘߒߡ⺰੎ߩᏫ⚿

ࠍ⺑᣿ߒߡ߈ߚޕวℂ⊛ߦㅴࠎߛ߆ߦ⷗߃ࠆᴺ᩺ᚑ┙ผ߆ࠄߪᛮߌ⪭ߜߚߎࠇࠄߩ⻉ⷐ⚛

ߪޔߒ߫ߒ߫⷗߃ߦߊ޿઀ᣇߢޔᴺ᩺ߩౝኈࠍᒻ૞ࠅޔᚑ┙ߦ߆߆ࠆᤨ㑆ࠍ᳿߼ߚޕ

྾ 1853 ᐕᴺߣߘߩᓟ

 㐳޿⹜ⴕ㍲⺋ߩᧃߦ⺀↢ߒߚ 1853 ᐕᴺߪޔᘏༀା⸤ߩ਎⇇ߦᩮᒝߊᱷߞߡ޿ߚޟ⑳᦭

⽷↥ߩ⡛ᕈߣਇนଚᕈޠߦ㘑ⓣࠍ㐿ߌߚޕᘏༀା⸤ߪޟ⸳┙⠪ߩㆮᔒߦᅛ㓮⊛ߦ᜔᧤ߐࠇ

－57－ ࠆߎߣޠ߇ߥߊߥߞߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ߆߆ࠆ⾥ㄉࠍฃߌߚหᴺߪޔౕ૕⊛ߦ૗ࠍቯ߼ޔߤߩࠃ

߁ߥലᨐࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚߩ߆ޕߘߩᣂ૕♽ࠍ⇛ㅀߒߚ޿ޕ

߹ߕޔ࿖₺ߦࠃࠅ 4 ੱߩᆔຬޔ1 ੱߩᦠ⸥ޔߘߒߡ 2 ੱߩ⋙〈ቭ߇છ๮ߐࠇߚޕߎߩ 4

ࡏ࡯࠼ ੱߩޟࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ߣ࠙ࠚ࡯࡞࠭ߩ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖᆔຬޠ߇ޔᏱ⸳ߩᆔຬળࠍ᭴ᚑߒߚޕߎߩ Ᏹ⸳ߩޔਛᄩⴕ᡽ߩޔ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖᆔຬળߪޔ╙৻ߦ⺞ᩏᮭߣᜰዉᮭޔ╙ੑߦ⸵⹺นᮭޔ╙

ࠬࠠ࡯ࡓ ਃߦᡷༀ⸘↹╷ቯᮭޔߘߒߡ╙྾ߦၮ㊄▤ℂߩᮭ㒢ࠍᜬߞߚޕ  ઁᣇޔਛᄩⴕ᡽ߩᆔຬળߣኻߦߥࠆࠃ߁ߦⷙቯߐࠇߚߩ߇ޔታ㓙ߩଥ੎߿ᢇᷣ߿ౝኈᄌ

ᦝࠍᜂߞߚมᴺߩ㗔ၞߢߩᣂᯏゲߢ޽ࠆޕᐕ 30 ࡐࡦ࠼ᧂḩߩዊ㗵࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖߪ࿾ᣇߩᎺ

ⵙ್ᚲ߆⎕↥ⵙ್ᚲߢ቟ଔߥහ᳿ᚻ⛯߈ࠍߣࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߦߥߞߚޕߒ߆ߒޔ30 ࡐࡦ࠼એ

ࡑࠬ࠲࡮ࠝࡉ࡮ࠩ࡮ࡠ࡯࡞࠭ ࡧࠔࠗࠬ࡮࠴ࡖࡦ࠮࡜ ਄ߩ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖߪޔᄢᴺቭⵙ್ᚲߩ ⸥㍳㐳ቭ ߆ਥᏨ್੐ઍℂߩ▤ロߣߐࠇߚޕ ߹ߚޔ1853 ᐕᴺߩㆇ↪߆ࠄ㒰ᄖߐࠇߚ߽ߩߪᄙߊޔߘࠇߪࠝࠢࠬࡉ࡝࠶ࠫޔࡠࡦ࠼ࡦᄢ

߆ࠄޔࠞ࠻࡝࠶ࠢߩߚ߼ߩ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖޔ෹ᗲ⚵วޔ◊ᔒදળߥߤߦ෸ࠎߛޕᴺ᩺ክ⼏ߩᤨ

ߦ⴫᣿ߐࠇߚ⻉೑ኂߩਥᒛ߇ޔ෻ᤋߐࠇߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

 1853 ᐕᴺߩᚑ┙એ᧪ޔᘏༀା⸤ߩ޽ࠅᣇߪᓢޘߦᄌൻߒߡ޿ߞߚޕߣߊߦᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈ߪޔ

ᴺ᩺ክ⼏ߩ೨ඨߦߪỗߒߊᘾᖡߒߚਛᄩߩⴕ᡽ᯏ᭴㧔࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖᆔຬળ㧕ࠍޔା㗬ߒޔⓍ

ᭂ⊛ߦ೑↪ߒࠃ߁ߣ޿߁ᘒᐲ߇ᩮઃ޿ߚߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕ1853 ᐕ߆ࠄ 77 ᐕߩ㑆ߦޔ⚂ 800 ਁ

ࡐࡦ࠼ߩၮ㊄߇ޔޟ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖၮ㊄ฃ⸤ቭޠߩᚻߦᆔߨࠄࠇߚޕ1891 ᐕᧃޔߘࠇߪ 1566

ਁ 8441 ࡐࡦ࠼ޔᢙߦߒߡ 1 ਁ 6319 ઙߦ㆐ߒߚޕߎߩ⃻⽎ߪޔ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖߦ࿖ኅߩ⋙ⷞ

ߣᐓᷤ߇෸ࠎߛߚ߼ߦޔᒰ੐⠪߇ㆇ༡ࠍ᡼᫈ߒߚߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆߩߢߪߥ޿ޕ1870 ᐕઍߦ

ᣂߚߦࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ߣ࠙ࠚ࡯࡞࠭ߩ⛔⸘߇ขࠄࠇߚߣ߈ޔ⚂ 3 ਁ 7000 ߩᘏༀା⸤ߩ߁ߜ

4805㧔⚂ 13㧑㧕ߪޔ೨࿁ 1830 ᐕઍߩ⺞ᩏߩᓟߦᣂⷙߦ⸳ቯߐࠇߚ߽ߩߛߞߚޕ1853 ᐕ

ᴺ૕೙߇ᢝ޿ߚޟ⛔ᴦޠߪޔ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖߩޟ⥄↱ޠࠍଦㅴߎߘߔࠇ㒖ኂߪߒߥ߆ߞߚޕ

߅ࠊࠅߦ

 ᦨᓟߦޔ⥄↱ߣ⛔ᴦߩ໧㗴ߦ⸅ࠇߡ߅߈ߚ޿ޕ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖߩ↢๮ജߪޔߘߩᜂ޿ᚻߩ୘

೎⊛ߥ⥄⊒ᕈߦ޽ߞߚޕߎߩ⥄⊒ᕈߩ৻ߟߩ⊒㔺߇ో࿖ߦᢙਁߩⷙᮨߢዷ㐿ߒߚᘏༀା⸤

⟲ߢ޽ߞߡޔ᡽ᐭ߽⼏ળ߽ޔ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖߩㆉ࿷ࠍ೨ឭߦߒߡޔ⦟߈⛔ᴦࠍᔒะߒޔᒙ⠪ኻ

╷ߦ⾗ߔࠆ␠ળᯏ᭴ࠍᗐ௝㧛ഃㅧߒߚޕᘏༀା⸤ߩޟࠃࠅࠃ޿ㆇ༡ޠࠍ⋡ᜰߔ࿖ኅߩ⛔ᴦ

ߪޔ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖߦᓥ੐ߔࠆੱޘߩ⥄ਥᕈࠍ⍶߼ߕޔዅ㊀ߔࠆ઀ᣇߢ⸳⸘ߐࠇߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

ާੌި

－58－ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第二会場

ࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯ߩᗧ⟵ߣ㒢⇇ ጟ᧛᧲ᵗశ㧔਻Ꮊ↥ᬺᄢቇ⚻ᷣቇㇱ㧕  㧝㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ  ᣂߒ޿␠ળ໧㗴ࠍ⊒⷗ ߔࠆߣޔ᳃㑆ߢ⥄⊒⊛ߥ⚵❱ࠍ૞ࠅޔߘߩ⸃᳿ߦദ߼ࠆߣ޿߁ ߩ߇ޔ⧷࿖ੱߩ߿ࠅᣇߢ޽ߞߚޕߘࠇ߇⧷࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖ ࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯ ߩ㐳 ޿ᱧผࠍᒻ૞ߞߡ߈ߚޕᧄႎ๔ߢขࠅ਄ߍࠆഭ௛⠪ะߌ૑ቛ໧㗴ߦ㑐ߒߡ߽ห᭽ߢ޽ߞߚޕ ᕆỗߥㇺᏒੱญߩ⤘ᒛ߇ࠬ࡜ࡓࠍ߽ߚࠄߒޔࠬ࡜ࡓߪવᨴ∛߿㛍ᘷߩ⊒↢Ḯߣߒߡ⹺⼂ ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߣޔഭ௛⠪ะߌ૑ቛ໧㗴ߪ␠ળ໧㗴ߣߒߡ⹺⼂ߐࠇޔขࠅ⚵߹ࠇࠆߎߣ ߦߥࠆޕᧄႎ๔ߢߪޔߘߩᵴേࠍ  ᐕઍߩ⨲ഃᦼ߆ࠄ  ᐕઍࠍਛᔃߦߺߡ޿ߊޕ ߶߆ߩ໧㗴ߣߪ⇣ߥࠅޔ૑ቛߪᔅⷐߥ⾗㊄㊂߇㘧べ⊛ߦᄢ߈ߊޔߘߩߚ߼ᣥ᧪ߩᣇᑼ㧔න ⚐ߦᜬߡࠆ⠪߇ᜬߚߥ޿⠪ߦ㊄ຠࠍ⿅ਈߔࠆ㧕ߢߪޔขࠅ⚵ߺߩ㔍ߒ޿໧㗴ߢ޽ߞߚޕߎ ߩߎߣ߇ޔᣂߒ޿ᣇᑼޟࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯ޠߣ๭߫ࠇࠆᵴേࠍⷐ⺧ߒߚޕߘࠇߪ㈩ᒰߣ ࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯ࠍ⚿߮ઃߌߚ਄ߢޔᡷ⦟ߐࠇߚࡕ࠺࡞૑ቛ ᧄႎ๔ߢขࠅ਄ߍࠆ ࠍ૞ࠆ ߆ޔ߹ߚߪ૑ቛ⸰໧ᵴേߦࠃࠆഭ௛⠪ߩ↢ᵴᡷༀࠍଦߔ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚޕߘࠇࠄߩ⚵❱ᒻᘒ ߦߪޔၮᧄቯ᱅ ߦၮߠ޿ߡળຬ಴⾗⠪ࠍ㓸߼ߚࠅޔᩣᑼળ␠ൻߒߡᩣਥࠍ㓸߼ޔᓐࠄߦ ࠍ਄㒢ߦ㈩ᒰࠍⴕߞߚࠅޔ◊ᔒኅ߇ነઃࠍߒߡ࠻࡜ࠬ࠻ࠍഃࠆᣇᑼ߇޽ߞߚޕ  㧞㧙㧝㧚㚂ㇺ࿤ൕഭ⠪૑ቛᡷༀදળ /GVTQRQNKVCP#UUQEKCVKQPHQT+ORTQXKPI&YGNNKPIU QH+PFWUVTKQWU%NCUUGU㧦/#+&+%  వ㚟⊛ߥදળ⚵❱ߩ߭ߣߟߪޔ㚂ㇺ࿤ൕഭ⠪૑ቛᡷༀදળߢ޽ߞߚޕหදળߩഃ⸳⠪ߩ ৻ੱߢ޽ࠆࠟ࠻࡝ࡈߪഃ⸳ߩ⚻✲ࠍᰴߩࠃ߁ߦᦠ޿ߡ޿ࠆ ޕ ᐕߦࠬࡇ࠲࡞ࡈࠖ࡯࡞

4Q[CNEJCTVGTQHKPEQTRQTCVKQP㧧ᒰᤨߪޔᩣਥߩᴺ⊛⽿છࠍᩣᑼ଻᦭㊂ߦ೙㒢ߔࠆ໑৻ߩᚻᲑߢ޽ ߞߚޕᩣᑼળ␠߇ᴺ೙ᐲߣߒߡ⛔วߐࠇߚߩߪ  ᐕߩ⛔৻ળ␠ᴺߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔߔߢߦ  ᐕߦߪ᦭㒢 ⽿છᴺޔห  ᐕߦߪᩣᑼળ␠ᴺޔ ᐕߦߪ⛔৻ળ␠ᴺ߇ᚑ┙ޕ /GVTQRQNKVCP#UUQEKCVKQPHQT+ORTQXKPIVJG&YGNNKPIQHVJG+PFWUVTKQWU%NCUUGU +P/GVTQRQNKVCP#UUQEKCVKQPHQTKORTQXKPIVJGFYGNNKPIQHVJGKPFWUVTKQWUENCUUGU4GRQTVUGVE VQ ᧲੩ᄢቇ✚ว࿑ᦠ㙚ᚲ⬿  ᐕߩ⾗ᢱߦߪޔᒰᤨߩ㜞ฬߥࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇࠬ࠻ߢ޽ߞ ߚࠪࡖࡈ࠷ࡌ࡝࡯ષῲએਅ߇ࡄ࠻ࡠࡦߣߒߡฬࠍㅪߨޔᥳቯᆔຬળࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߣߒߡࠛ࠼࠙ࠖࡦ࡮࠴ࡖ࠼ ࠙ࠖ࠶ࠢࠄߩฬ೨߇ߺࠄࠇࠆޕᧄႎ๔ߢขࠅ਄ߍߡ޿ࠆ⚵❱ߩ߶߆ߦޔ)CVNKHH ߩᢛℂߦࠃࠆߣޔ╙Τ⴫ ߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆޕ%GPVTCN.QPFQP&YGNNKPIU+ORTQXGOGPV%QORCP[  #TVK\CPUCPF .CDQWTGTU)GPGTCN&YGNNKPIU%QORCP[  'CUV'PF&YGNNKPIU%QORCP[  (QWT2GT%GPV +PFWUVTKCN&YGNNKPIU%QORCP[   %JCTNGU)CVNKHH1P+ORTQXGF&YGNNKPIUCPFVJGKT$GPGHKEKCN'HHGEVQP*GCNVJCPF/QTCNU  

－59－ ࠼ᢎ඙ߩ޽ࠆળวߦ߅޿ߡޔഭ௛⠪ะߌ૑ቛࠍឭଏߔࠆ⋡⊛ߢޔ⾗ᧄኅߩో㕙⊛ߥ⽶ᜂߦ ࠃࠅ࿅૕ࠍ⚿ᚑߔࠆߎߣޔߘߩ㓙ޔ಴⾗ᩣਥ߳ߩ㈩ᒰ₸ߪ࿖₺ߩ഼⸵⁁ߦၮߠ߈ ߦቯ߼ ࠆߎߣޔߣߐࠇߚޕ ߘߩ૑ቛߪޔ╙৻ߦޔஜᐽ⊛ߢᐢߊଢ೑ߥᑪ‛߇ᑪ⸳࡮⾓୫ߥ޿ߒ⾼౉ߐࠇޔⓏᒰߥㅳ ኅ⾓ߢ୘ቶ߇⾓⾉ߐࠇࠆߎߣޕ╙ੑߦޔᄛ㑆ߩߺߩኋᴱੱߩฃߌ౉ࠇߩߚ߼ߦޔኰ߇ᑪ⸳࡮ ⾓୫ߥ޿ߒ⾼౉ߐࠇࠆߎߣޕ╙ਃߦޔኅᣖߩߚ߼ߩዊߐߥ⾉ߒㇱደ߇ᑪ⸳࡮⾓୫ߥ޿ߒ⾼ ౉ߐࠇޔⓏᒰߥㅳኅ⾓ߢ⾓⾉ߐࠇࠆߎߣޔߢ޽ߞߚޕߘߒߡޔផㅴ⠪ߩᗧ⷗ߣߒߡޔ࿅૕ ߪᕡਭ⊛ߢ⥄┙⊛ߥ߽ߩߣ޿߁᧦ઙ߇ਇนᰳߛߣਥᒛߐࠇߚޕ  ࡐࡦ࠼ᩣࠍ  ජᩣ⊒ⴕޔ✚⾗ᧄ  ਁࡐࡦ࠼ࠍ൐㓸ߔࠆߎߣߦߒޔ⛯ߊ  ᐕ㑆ߪߎߩ ⋡⊛ߩትવߦኾᔨߒߚޕߘߩ⚿ᨐޔ߶߷  ਁࡐࡦ࠼ⷙᮨߩᩣᑼ߇ᒁ߈ฃߌࠄࠇߚޕᥳቯᆔ ຬળߪࡇ࡯࡞㚂⋧ߩഥ⸒ߢ  ᐕߦᛚ⹺ߐࠇߚၮᧄቯ᱅ࠍ↳ߒㄟߺޔਁ  ජࡐࡦ࠼ࠍ⿥ ߃ߥ޿㗵ࠍ଻⸽ၮ㊄ߦ஻߃ߚᓟޔᱷࠅߪߔߴߡ⋡⊛ߩߚ߼ߦᝄࠅะߌࠄࠇߚޕ ߹ߚޔදળߩ⾗ᢱߢߪޔ╙৻ߦޔ૑ቛߩታᘒߦߟ޿ߡޔ ᐕߩ*GCNVJQH6QYPUߦ㑐 ߔࠆ⼏ળߩ⺞ᩏႎ๔ߦၮߠ߈ޔഭ௛⠪૑ቛߪ୘೎ߩਅ᳓߿ឃ᳓ߩ⸳஻ࠍᜬߚߕޔޟᄙߊߩ ႐วޔਔⷫޔᕷሶ࡮ᆷߚߜ߇ޔߒ߆߽ᢙኅᣖ߇৻ߟߩㇱደߢᤤᄛࠍ౒ߦߒߡ޿ࠆޕޠޟ❑ ᮮ߇ ˜ ࡈࠖ࡯࠻ߩㇱደߦ  ੱߩᅚᕈߣ  ੱߩ↵ᕈ߇ኢߡ޿ࠆޕޠߣ޿ߞߚᖤᗌߥ⁁ᴫ ࠍᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ ╙ੑߦޔᢇᷣ╷ߦ㑐ߒߡޔഭ௛⠪ߩࡕ࡜࡞ᡷༀㆇേ߿ᣥ᧪ߩᘏༀᵴേࠃࠅ߽ޔ૑ቛ໧㗴 ߩࠃࠅ᦭ലߥ⸃᳿╷ߪޔߎߩදળ߇ଦㅴߔࠆࠃ߁ߦޔ಴⾗ߦኻߒᅷᒰߥ㈩ᒰࠍ⏕଻ߔࠆᣇ ᴺߦࠃߞߡ߽ߚࠄߐࠇࠆޔߣਥᒛߔࠆޕ ╙ਃߦޔᢇᷣ╷ߪഭ௛⠪ߩஜᐽࠍଦߒޔ⥄ዅᔃࠍჇᄢߐߖࠆࠃ߁ߦⅣႺࠍᡷༀߔࠆߎߣ ߢഭ௛⠪ߩ⾰ࠍ㜞߼ࠆߣ޿߁⋡ᮡࠍᜬߜޔ⾓⾉૑ቛߩ෼⋉₸ߪ࡝࡯࠱࠽ࡉ࡞ߢ޽ࠆߴ߈ߛޕ ߛ߆ࠄޔ⁛り⠪↪ߪޔឃ᳓࡮᳓㆏࡮ᥦᚱ࡮឵᳇ߩⴕ߈ዯ޿ߚ߽ߩߢޔ਄ߦߪ⁛┙ߒߚኢቶޔ ਅߦߪ⊝߇㓸߹ࠆዬ㑆ߢޔၿ⪭ࠍ⺃ᒁߒߥ޿ࠃ߁ߥήᢱߩᧄ߿㔀⹹߇⟎߆ࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆޕ ኅᣖ↪ߦߪޔ㘑ㅢߒߩ⦟ߊޔᐢ޿ޔឃ᳓ߩ⦟޿ޔචಽߥ᳓㆏ଏ⛎ߩ஻ࠊߞߚޔ⁛┙ߒߚ⾉ ኅߢ޽ࠆߴ߈ߢޔ୿⚂ߣ዁᧪ࠍ⷗ㅢߔ⠌ᘠߣ⾂⫾㌁ⴕߢߩ㗍㊄߇ଦߐࠇޔ㓹↪ߩ቟ቯ߇ᓟ ᛼ߒߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆޕ ╙྾ߦޔታⴕน⢻ᕈߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔᦨ߽߭ߤ޿⁁ᘒߩ૑ዬኅ⾓ߣᓐࠄ߇Ⓙߋഭ⾓ࠍ␜ߒޔߘ

,QWTPCNQHVJG5VCVKUVKECN5QEKGV[QH.QPFQP0QRR 'XKFGPEG$TKVKUJ2CTNKCOGPVCT[2CRGTU*GCNVJ)GPGTCNR

－60－ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第二会場

ߩ㊄㗵ࠍరߦࡊ࡜ࡦߩ⃻ታᕈࠍਥᒛߒޔ ᐕߩ࠙ࠛࠬ࠻ࡒࡦࠬ࠲࡯࿾඙ߣ  ᐕߩ࠮ ࡦ࠻࡮࡚ࠫ࡯ࠫᢎ඙ౝߢޔഭ௛⠪߇ᡰᛄߞߚኅ⾓ߩ✚㗵৻ⷩ⴫ߣޔᑪ⸳⾌↪࡮⚻⾌ߩ⷗Ⓧ ߽ࠅ৻ⷩ⴫߇␜ߐࠇࠆޕ೨⠪ߩ႐วޔᐕ㑆✚ኅ⾓߇⚂  ਁࡐࡦ࠼ ㅳ޽ߚࠅᐔဋ  ࠪ࡝ࡦࠣ  ࡍࡦࠬ ࠍᡰᛄ޿ޔ⚂  ජኅᣖߩౝޔ ߇  ㇱደߢ᥵ࠄߒߡ޿ࠆޕᓟ⠪ߢߪޔᐕ㑆✚ኅ ⾓߇⚂  ਁ  ජࡐࡦ࠼ ㅳ޽ߚࠅᐔဋ  ࠪ࡝ࡦࠣ ࡍࡦࠬ ࠍᡰᛄ޿ޔ⚂ජ੖⊖ኅᣖߩౝޔ ⚂  ߇  ㇱደߢ᥵ࠄߒߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩታᘒࠍ〯߹߃ޔ⚂ ਁࡐࡦ࠼ߩ⾌↪ߢ  ජ૛ࠅߩ୘ ੱ↪ߣ  ජߩኅᣖ↪ߩኋᴱࠍឭଏߔࠆ૑ቛ߇ᑪߡࠄࠇߚ ╙Τ⴫ෳᾖ ޕ /#+&+%ߩ೑⋉㈩ᒰߩታ❣ߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ ᐕߩ╙  ࿁ߩᩣਥᐕᰴ✚ળߢೋ߼ߡ ߩ㈩ᒰ߇ ߥߐࠇޔ ᐕߩ╙  ࿁⋡ߩႎ๔ᦠߢߪ ߩ㈩ᒰ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇޔߘߩᓟߪޔ ᐕߣ  ᐕߪ ޔ ᐕ ޔ ᐕ ޔ ߣ  ᐕߪ ޔ ᐕߣ  ᐕߪ ޔ ᐕ߆ ࠄ  ᐕ߹ߢ ޔ ᐕߣ  ᐕ߇ ޔ ᐕએ㒠  ᐕ߹ߢ ߩ㈩ᒰߣߥߞߡ޿ ࠆޕ㈩ᒰ߽น⢻ߥ෼⋉߇޽߇ߞߡߪ޿ࠆ߇ޔ㈩ᒰߪૐߊᛥ߃ߡ޿ࠆ ޕ  㧞㧙㧞ᡷ⦟↥ᬺ૑ቛળ␠ +ORTQXGF+PFWUVTKCN&YGNNKPIU%QORCP[㧦++&%  వⴕߔࠆ੐଀ߦቇࠎߛ࠙ࠜ࡯࠲࡯ࡠ࡯ߪޔഃ⸳࡮⊒ዷߐߖߚශ೚ળ␠ 9CVGTNQY5QPU ߢୃᓧߒߚࡆࠫࡀࠬߩࡁ࠙࡮ࡂ࠙ࠍޔഭ௛⠪ะߌ૑ቛᑪ⸳ߦᵴ߆ߒߚޕ਄㒢 ߩ㈩ᒰࠍ቞ ࠅߥ߇ࠄޔᩣᑼળ␠ᣇᑼߩណ↪ߦࠃࠅޔᣂߒ޿ᛩ⾗ኅࠍ൐ߞߚޕߎߩᣇᑼߪޔࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬ ࡠࡇ࡯ߣᛩ⾗ߦኻߒߡޟߩ㈩ᒰޠࠍ⚿߮ઃߌࠆᒻߩޔᣂߒ޿ࡆࠫࡀࠬࡕ࠺࡞ߢ޽ߞߚޕ ታ㓙ޔ╙Σ⴫ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦޔࠦࡦ࠰࡞ௌߩ⋧႐ߣᲧセߒߡޔߩ㈩ᒰ₸ߪᛩ⾗ኅߦߣߞߡ ߆ߥࠅ㝯ജ⊛ߢ޽ߞߚߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ  ᓐߪ⾰⚛ߢᅤᚽߥ޿ᐼ᳃ᗵⷡࠍᜬߞߡ޿ߚߩߢޔዊߐߥⷙᮨ߆ࠄᆎ߼ߚޕࡈࠖࡦࠬࡌ࡝ ࡯ߩࡑ࡯ࠤ࠶࠻ㅢࠅߢዊߐߥ࿯࿾ࠍ⏕଻ߒޔ⥄Ꮖ⾗㊄ߢ  ࡉࡠ࠶ࠢߩޔ ኅᣖ  ⊖ੱߩߚ ߼ߩㇱደࠍ᦭ߒޔฦ૑ዬ߇⁛┙ߒߚࠕࡄ࡯࠻ࠍᑪߡߚޕߎࠇߪ࡜ࡦࡏ࡯ࡦࡆ࡞ߣߒߡ⍮ࠄ ࠇߚޕኅ⾓ߪㅳ࡮ㇱደ޽ߚࠅ  ࠪ࡝ࡦࠣ  ࡍࡦࠬߢ޽ߞߚޕߘࠇࠄߪᓐ߇ାߓߚࠃ߁ߦޔ  ᐕએ㒠ޔᛩ⾗ߦኻߒ  ࡄ࡯࠮ࡦ࠻ߩ㈩ᒰࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚޕ ࡜ࡦࡏ࡯ࡦࡆ࡞ߪޔᑪ▽ᬺ⠪ࡑࠪࡘ࡯࡮ࠕ࡟ࡦߣㅪ៤ߒߡ࠺ࠩࠗࡦ㐿⊒ߐࠇߚޕᓐࠄߪ ⾗㊄▵⚂ߩߚ߼ߦ࠺ࠩࠗ࠽࡯ᢱߩႎ㈽ߥߒߢⴕ߁ߎߣߦߒߚޕ࿑㕙ߪ  ᐕߩᄢඳⷩળߩ

/#+&+% ߩ⾗ᢱޔߥࠄ߮ߦ )CVNKHH  ෳᾖ  ᐕ߆ࠄ  ᐕ߹ߢߩ⾗ᢱࠃࠅ᛽಴ޕ/GVTQRQNKVCP#UUQEKCVKQPHQTKORTQXKPIVJGFYGNNKPIQH VJGKPFWUVTKQWUENCUUGU4GRQTVUGVEVQ

－61－ ߚ߼ߦࡋࡦ࡝࡯࡮ࡠࡃ࡯࠷߇࠺ࠩࠗࡦߒߚࡕ࠺࡞ዊ૑ቛߩᡷ૞‛ߢ޽ߞߚޕฦ㓏ߦߪޔㅢ ࠅߦ㕙ߒߡฦᚭ߳ߩធㄭࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆዊߐߥ㐿᡼ࡃ࡞ࠦ࠾࡯ߩઃ޿ߚਛᄩ㓏Ბ߇޽ߞߚޕ ᓐࠄߪޔߘߩ࠺ࠩࠗࡦࠍ  㓏߹ߢု⋥ߦᑧ㐳ߒޔߘߩ㘃ဳࠍᢙ࿁➅ࠅ㄰ߒޔ࠹࡜ࠬ૑ቛࠍ ૞ߞߚޕߎࠇߪޔࡠࡃ࡯࠷ߩࡕ࠺࡞ዊ૑ቛ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߩ੐ታ਄ߩ⋑૞ߢ޽ߞߚޕ૞ຠߩ࠺ࠩ ࠗࡦ㕙ߢߪ੹߭ߣߟߢ޽ߞߚ߇ޔ⚻ᷣ㕙ߢߪࠦࠬ࠻೥ᷫߦᚑഞߒߚޕ ߎࠇࠍታⴕߒߚ਄ߢޔ ᐕ  ਁࡐࡦ࠼ߩ⾗㊄ߢޔᓐߩળ␠ߩ⚻༡ߦෳടߔࠆࠃ߁෹ੱ ࠍ⺃ߞߚߩ߇ޔᡷ⦟↥ᬺ૑ቛળ␠ߩᆎ߹ࠅߢ޽ߞߚޕ⥄⣻ࠍಾࠆߎߣߢޔᓐߪ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖ ߦ㑐ᔃߩߥ޿਎ଶ⊛ߥ෹ੱߚߜߦޔᓐߩ⸘↹߇ታⴕน⢻ߢ޽ࠆߎߣޔ߹ߚޔᓐ߇ᐢ߼ࠃ߁ ߣߒߚᵴേߦ቟ᔃߒߡᛩ⾗ߢ߈ࠆߎߣࠍ⸽᣿ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߚ ޕ ࡆࠫࡀࠬේೣߣᣇᴺߩ⾫޿ㆡ↪ߣ޿߁࠙ࠜ࡯࠲࡯ࡠ࡯ߩਥᒛߪ⍮ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅޔᓐߩታ❣ ߪᄙᢙ޽ߞߚߩߢޔᓐߩᬺ❣ߩଔ୯ߣ⁛ഃᕈࠍุቯߔࠆ⠪ߪ⺕߽޿ߥ߆ߞߚޕᓐߪᱫߧ߹ ߢߦޔ㚂ㇺߩ߶ߣࠎߤߩ඙ၞߦޔ ਁߩੱޘ߇቟ᭉ߆ߟḩ⿷ߒߡ᥵ࠄߔޔ⚂  ජߩࠕࡄ࡯ ࠻ࠍᑪ⸳ߒޔ  ᐕ߆ࠄ  ᐕ߹ߢߩ㑆ߢ  ᐕ㑆ޔߩ㈩ᒰࠍⴕߞߚ ޕߎ߁ߒߡᓐߪ ഭ௛⠪ะߌ૑ቛᑪ⸳߇ࡆࠫࡀࠬߣߒߡᚑ┙ߔࠆߎߣࠍታ⸽ߒߚޕ ߘߩ㓙ߦᓐ߇ขࠅ⚵ࠎߛᎿᄦߩ৻ߟߪޔ࿾ਥ߿ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦᏒ߆ࠄૐ೑ߢ࿯࿾ࠍ୫ࠅ਄ߍࠆ ߎߣߢ޽ߞߚޕᏒߣߩߟߥ߇ࠅ ᓟߦᏒ㐳ࠍ⚻㛎ߔࠆ ࠍᵴ߆ߒޔ․ߦޔࠬ࡜ࡓ࡮ࠢ࡝ࠕ࡜ ࡦࠬߩᓟߦ૑ቛࠍᑪߡࠆ႐วޔ⾆㊀ߥេഥࠍᒰዪ߆ࠄᓧߚޕ ᐕߣ  ᐕߩഭ௛⠪㓏 ⚖૑ቛᴺߪޔ ᐕߦਗ਼ࠆ ߩ೑ሶߢߩ⾗㊄୫↪ࠍน⢻ߦߒߚޕߚߣ߃߫ޔ++&%ߪ  ਁ  ජࡐࡦ࠼ࠍ୫ࠅޔ/#+&+%ߪ  ਁࡐࡦ࠼એ਄ࠍ୫ࠅޔ ᐕ߹ߢߦ  ਁࡐࡦ࠼એ਄߽୫ࠅ ౉ࠇߚޕߎࠇߦࠃࠅޔ᥉ㅢߩᣇᴺߢߪ໡ᬺ⊛೑ᓧ߇ᦼᓙߢ߈ߥ޿Ꮢߩਛᔃ࿾ߦޔ౉ᧅ߇น ⢻ߣߥߞߚߒޔᒁ߈⛯߈ߔ߫ࠄߒ޿ࡠࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩ࿾ᚲࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚޕߒ߆߽ޔߎ ࠇࠄߩ᡽ᐭ⾉ઃߪ৻⥸ߦߪ౏ߦߐࠇߥ޿⵬ഥ㊄ߢ޽ߞߚޕࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯ߪޔ⥄↱┹ ੎ߩޔஜోߥ⾗ᧄਥ⟵ߩේℂߦଐ᜚ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ᑪ೨ߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔታ㓙ߪ᡽ᐭ߆ࠄ ⋧ᒰߥఝవ⊛ᛒ޿ࠍฃߌߡ޿ߚ ޕߘߎߦߪޔ᳃㑆ߣ᡽ᐭߩද௛㑐ଥ߇⷗ࠄࠇߚߒޔታ㓙

)GQTIG5OCNNG[6JG.KHGQH5KT5[FPG[9CVGTNQY ᡽╷⎇ⓥᄢቇ㒮ᄢቇ࿑ᦠ㙚ᚲ⬿ ෳᾖ࠙ ࠜ࡯࠲࡯ࡠ࡯ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⸥ㅀߪหᦠߦଐ᜚ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ࠺࠾ࠬߦࠃࠆߣޔࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯ߪޟ೑ Ꮖ⊛ߥޠޟඳᗲᔃޠߣ޿߁⍦⋫⊛ߥᕈᩰࠍ᦭ߔࠆޕ4KECTF&GPPKU6JGIGQITCRJ[QH8KEVQTKCPXCNWGU RJKNCPVJTQRKEJQWUKPKP.QPFQP,QWTPCNQH*KUVQTKECN)GQITCRJ[  RRޕ 5OCNNG[+DKFRR ᡷ⦟↥ᬺ૑ቛળ␠ +ORTQXGF+PFWUVTKCN&YGNNKPIU%QORCP[ ߩᐕᰴႎ๔ᦠ .QPFQP/GVTQRQNKVCP #TEJKXGU ᚲ෼ ߦࠃࠆߣޔ ᐕ߆ࠄ  ᐕ߹ߢ ߩ㈩ᒰ߇ߥߐࠇߚޕ #PVJQP[59QJN6JG'VGTPCN5NWO2JKNCPVJTQR[CV(KXGRGTEGPVRR

－62－ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第二会場

ߩߣߎࠈޔߘࠇߥߊߒߡޔࡕ࠺࡞૑ቛㆇേߪ⋧ᔕߩᢙࠍᑪ⸳ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ ห᭽ߦޔᄢ࿾ਥ ߿₺ቶߩදജ߽޽ߞߚޕ  㧟㧚⚿߮ࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯ߩᗧ⟵ߣ㒢⇇ ࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯ ߩ․ᓽߣߒߡޔ಴⾗⠪ߦޔࠍ਄㒢ߦ೑⋉㈩ᒰߔࠆߚ߼ߦㆇ༡ߐ ࠇࠆ⾓⾉ᣇᑼࠍߣߞߚޕ⾓⾉ߥߩߢޔᒰὼ৻ቯ㗵એ਄ߩቯᦼ෼౉ߩ޽ࠆ਄ጀഭ௛⠪ࠍኻ⽎ ߣߒߚޕ਄ጀഭ௛⠪ߦኻߒߡߪޔޟ⦟ᔃ⊛ߥኅ⾓ޠߢޟ⦟⾰ߩޠࡕ࠺࡞૑ቛࠍឭଏߔࠆߣ ޿߁ޟ⸃᳿╷ޠࠍឭ␜ߒߚޕߎࠇ߇ਛጀޔਅጀߩഭ௛⠪ߦೝỗࠍਈ߃ޔᓐࠄߪ਄ጀഭ௛⠪ ߦ⛯ߊߴߊദജࠍߔࠆߣ޿߁㆏╭ࠍ␜ߒߚޕߘߩ㓙ޔ౉ዬ⠪ߢ޽ࠆഭ௛⠪ࠍޟ▤ℂੱޠߣ ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅޔ૑ዬ⠪ߢ޽ࠆഭ௛⠪ߩᢎ⢒ࠍ߽ⴕߞߡ޿ߊߣ޿߁ᚻᴺ߽઻ߞߡ޿ߚޕ ߎ߁ߒߚᚻᴺߪޔᔅߕߒ߽ᚑഞߒߚߣߪ⸒߃ߥ߆ߞߚ߇ޔޟ☻㊁ߢή⍮ߥޠഭ௛⠪ࠍޟ࡟ ࠬࡍࠢ࠲ࡉ࡞ߥޠഭ௛⠪ߦᒁ߈਄ߍߡ޿ߊߣ޿߁⠨߃ᣇࠍ฽ࠎߢ߅ࠅޔࡕ࠺࡞૑ቛᑪ⸳ߦ ߪޔߎ߁ߒߚᒻߢߩഭ௛⠪ߩࡕ࡜࡞໧㗴ߩ⸃᳿ᣇᴺ߇ㄟ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚޕ౉ዬ⠪߇޿ࠆ㒢ࠅޔ ⚻༡⊛ߦߪ቟ቯߒߚޕ ߹ߚޔ⦟⾰ߢᑇଔߥࡕ࠺࡞૑ቛ૞ࠅߪޔ৻⥸ߩᑪ⸳ᬺ⠪ࠍޔ૑ቛߩ⾰ߣଔᩰߦ߅޿ߡ⛘ ߃ߑࠆ┹੎㑐ଥߦ⟎޿ߚ߇ࠁ߃ߦޔഭ௛⠪ో૕ߩ૑ቛߩ⾰⊛਄᣹ߣޔૐଔᩰൻߣ޿߁ലᨐ ࠍ⊒ើߒߚޕߟ߹ࠅޔࡆࠫࡀࠬߣߒߡߩ⾉ኅᑪ⸳ߦኻߒޔ⾰࡮㊂෺ᣇߩ㕙ߢ࿶ജߦߥߞߚޕ ⦟⾰ߥ㓸ว૑ቛߩ 㧑ߪᓐࠄ߇଻᦭ߒߡ޿ߚߒޔଔᩰ㕙ߢ߽ఝ૏ߦ┙ߞߡ޿ߚ ޕߘ ࠇ ࠄߪޔⷙᮨ⊛ߦߪᄢ߈ߊߪߥ߆ߞߚ߇ޔ␠ળߦኻߒߡᄢ߈ߥೝỗࠍਈ߃ޔഭ௛⠪ะߌ૑ቛ ߩ⾰⊛ߥᡷༀ࡮ะ਄ࠍଦߒޔߘߩᓟߩഭ௛⠪ะߌ૑ቛߩᮡḰߣߥߞߚޕࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߩഭ௛⠪ 㓏⚖ో૕ߦߣߞߡߪޔᧂߛ߆ߟߡਈ߃ࠄࠇߚߎߣߦߥ޿ᦨᄢߩޔታ⾰਄ߩଢ⋉ߩ৻ߟߣߥ ߞߚޕᒰᤨੱ᳇ߩ޽ߞߚᣂ⡞߿㔀⹹ߦ߅޿ߡޔߘࠇߪߒ߫ߒ߫␠ળᡷ⦟ߩਁ⢻⮎ߣߒߡ⚫ ੺ߐࠇߚ ޕ

଀߃߫ޔ࠙ࠛࠬ࠻ࡒࡦࠬ࠲࡯ଘῲ &WMGQH9GUVOKPUVGT ޔࡁ࡯ࠩࡦࡊ࠻ࡦଘῲ /CTSWGUUQH 0QTVJCORVQP ޔࡃ࡯࠺࠶࠻࡮ࠢ࡯࠷↵ῲ #PIGNC)GQTIKPC$WTFGVV%QWVVUUV$CTQPGUU$WTFGVV%QWVVU ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕ 9QJN6JG'VGTPCN5NWORᦨᄢⷙᮨߩࡕ࠺࡞૑ቛળ␠ߪ  ᐕߦഃ⸳ߐࠇߚ #TVKUCPỦ .CDQWTGTỦCPF)GPGTCN&YGNNKPIU%QORCP[ ߢ޽ࠅޔ ᐕߩ㑆ߦ  ߶ߤߩ㓸ว૑ቛࠍᑪߡ ߚޕR  5WUCPPCJ /QTTKU /CTMGV UQNWVKQPU HQT UQEKCN RTQDNGOU YQTMKPIENCUU JQWUKPI KP

PKPGVGGPVJEGPVWT[.QPFQP'EQPQOKE*KUVQT[4GXKGY.+8  EH6CDNGR #PVJQP[59QJN6JG'VGTPCN5NWO .QPFQP 2JKNCPVJTQR[CV(KXGRGTEGPVR

－63－ ߛ߇ޔઁᣇߢޔታ⾰਄ޔኅ⾓ߩᡰᛄ޿߇น⢻ߥޔ⋧ኻ⊛ߦᕺ߹ࠇߚഭ௛⠪ߒ߆౉ዬߢ߈ ߥ޿ߣ޿߁೙⚂߇௛޿ߚ ޕߘߩߚ߼ޔᦨ߽૑ቛࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆޔࠃࠅ⽺ߒ޿ഭ௛⠪ࠍឃ㒰 ߒߚߣ㕖㔍ߐࠇߚ ޕ߹ߚޔᘏༀ࠻࡜ࠬ࠻ᣇᑼߣᲧセߔࠆߣޔ಴⾗⠪ߦኻߒ ߩ㈩ᒰࠍᡰ ᛄ߁ߩߢޔߘࠇߪ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖߢߪߥ޿ߣ㕖㔍ߐࠇߚޕ ⏕߆ߦޔࠞࡀࠍޟήఘߢޠឭଏߔࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ࠄޔߘࠇߪࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯ߣߒߡߩ 㒢⇇ ࠍ᦭ߒߡ޿ߚ߇ޔ㈩ᒰࠍ ߦᛥ߃ࠆߎߣߢޔᛩ⾗ኅߦࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇࠬ࠻ߣ޿߁ฬ ⒓ࠍਈ߃ߚޕߘࠇߪޔવ⛔⊛ߥ࠴ࡖ࡝࠹ࠖߦߪᔃࠍേ߆ߐࠇߕޔ㊄ఢߌߒ߆ᔨ㗡ߦߥ޿ᣂ ⥝ߩޟ਎ଶ⊛ߥޠ⾗ᧄኅࠍޔ౏⋉ߦ⽸₂ߔࠆߣ޿߁ᵴേ߳ߣ⺃޿ޔࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯ߩ⾗ ㊄㓸߼ߦᚑഞߒߚޕ ߎ߁ߒߡ࠙ࠜ࡯࠲࡯ࡠ࡯ߦࠃߞߡઍ⴫ߐࠇࠆ 5%ࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯ߪޔࡆࠫࡀࠬߣߒߡ ⴕ߈⹣߹ߞߡ޿ߚഭ௛⠪ะߌ૑ቛߠߊࠅࠍᛮߌ಴ߔᚻᴺߣߒߡޔ৻ᤨ⊛ߦߪᚑഞߒߚޕ⏕ ߆ߦޔࡏ࡜ࡦ࠲࡝࡯࡮࠮ࠢ࠲࡯ߩ૑ቛ⚵❱ో૕߇ 1856 ᐕ߆ࠄ 1914 ᐕߩ㑆ߦࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߢឭ ଏߒߚߩߪޔᣂߒ޿ഭ௛⠪㓏⚖ะߌో૑ቛߩ 11%㨪15%ߩ㑆ߢ޽ࠅޔ৻ቯߩᚑᨐࠍ෼߼ߚ ߣ⸒߃ࠆ߇ޔᢙ㊂⊛ߦߪ㒢⇇߇޽ࠅޔഭ௛⠪ะߌ૑ቛ໧㗴⸃᳿ߩ᳿ቯᛂߣߪߥࠄߥ߆ߞߚޕ ߒ߆߽ޔ1870 ᐕએ㒠ߦߪޔ5%ࠍ⿥߃ࠆ෼⋉ࠍ㈩ᒰߔࠆ૑ቛળ␠߽⊓႐ߒߡߊࠆޕߎ߁ߒ ߚળ␠ߪޔࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࠶ࠢߥࡕ࠺࡞૑ቛળ␠ߣߪ⒓ߐߥ߆ߞߚ߇ޔ5%ߦ࿕ၫߔࠆࡈࠖ ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࠶ࠢߥ૑ቛળ␠ߦߪޔ࡜ࠗࡃ࡞ߣߥߞߚߎߣߪ޿߁߹ߢ߽ߥ޿ 17ޕ ߘߩ⚿ᨐޔ෼⋉ߦᗖ߆ࠇࠆ⾗↥ኅߪޔࠃࠅ㜞޿㈩ᒰࠍ᳞߼ޔઁᣇߢޔਥ⟵ߣߒߡࡈࠖ࡜ ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯ߦ࿕ၫߔࠆ⾗↥ኅߪޔ㈩ᒰࠍ᳞߼ߥ޿ᘏༀା⸤߳ߣᗖ߆ࠇߡ޿߈ޔ5%ࡈࠖ࡜ࡦ ࠬࡠࡇ࡯ߪᰴ╙ߦ൓޿ࠍ੢ߊߒߡ޿ߞߚޕ ߌࠇߤ߽ޔ5%ࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯ߪޔን㧩⾗↥ߩޔࡆࠫࡀࠬࠍ੺ߒߚࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࠶ࠢ ߥ૶↪ᣇᴺߣߒߡޔ․⇣ߥሽ࿷ߢ޽ߞߚߒޔ੹ᣣ⊛ߦ߽ޔડᬺ߿ᛩ⾗ኅߩ␠ળ⊛ߥ⽿છࠍ ⠨߃ࠆ㓙ߩࡅࡦ࠻ߦߥࠅᓧࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

$WKNFKPIU /QFGN HQTVJG+ORTQXGOGPVQHVJG%QPFKVKQPQHVJG.CDQWTKPI%NCUUGU6JG2KEVQTKCN *CPFDQQMQH.QPFQP ࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯ߦ㑐ߔࠆవ㚟⊛ߥᬺ❣ߣߒߡߪޔ,QJP0GNUQP6CTP(KXG2GT%GPV 2JKNCPVJTQR[#PCEEQWPVQHJQWUKPIKPWTDCPCTGCUDGVYGGPCPF%CODTKFIG72߇ ᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆޕ࠲࡯ࡦߪޔޟࡈࠖ࡜ࡦࠬࡠࡇ࡯ޠߣ޿߁ᄸᅱߥ๭߮ฬߩ⑳⊛ડᬺߦࠃࠆ૑ቛଏ⛎ㆇേ߇ ౏༡૑ቛࠍዉ޿ߚߣ⹏ଔߒߡ޿ࠆޕRZKX  ᐕ  ᦬ߦ㐿௅ߐࠇߚᡷ⦟↥ᬺ૑ቛળ␠ߩඨᐕᦼߩળวߦ߅޿ߡޔ⋧ኻ⊛ߦ⵨⑔ߥഭ௛⠪࡮⡯ੱࠍ ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆߣ޿߁ᣇ㊎ߩᔅⷐᕈ߇ᠩ⼔ߐࠇޔታᘒߣߒߡޔⷐ᳞ߐࠇߚኅ⾓ߪ߈ߜࠎߣᡰᛄࠊࠇޔⓨ߈ኅ ߦኻߒߡߪޔ޿ߟ߽ᄢ߈ߥ㔛ⷐ߇޽ߞߚߎߣ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ ೨಴ߩ ++&% ߩᐕᰴႎ๔ᦠෳᾖ  5WUCPPCJ/QTTKU/CTMGVUQNWVKQPUHQTUQEKCNRTQDNGOUYQTMKPIENCUUJQWUKPIKP PKPGVGGPVJEGPVWT[.QPFQP+P'EQPQOKE*KUVQT[4GXKGY.+8  R

－64－ ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦᘏༀ⚵❱දળ㧔COS㧕ߣޟዅ෩޽ࠆޠᄬᬺ⠪ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第二会場 ጊᧄථ ┙ᢎᄢቇ࡮㕖Ᏹൕ⻠Ꮷ ᣣᧄᅚሶᄢቇ࡮㕖Ᏹൕ⻠Ꮷ [email protected]

ߪߓ߼ߦ

ᧄႎ๔ߢߪޔ1880 ᐕઍ㨪1900 ᐕઍߩࡠࡦ࠼ࡦᘏༀ⚵❱දળ㧔COS㧕ߩᵴേࠍޔዞഭน ⢻⠪߳ߩኻᔕߣߘߩታᘒࠍਛᔃߦᬌ⸛ߔࠆޕࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߢߪ 20 ਎♿ೋ㗡ߦޔዞഭน⢻⠪ࠍ ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ࿎┆ኻ╷ߩಽ㊁ߢ౏⊛ᣉ╷ߩᲧ㊀߇㜞߹ࠆޕߘ߁ߒߚേ߈ߪޟ㓸↥ਥ⟵ߩบ㗡ޠ ߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ⺑᣿ߐࠇࠆߩ߇৻⥸⊛ߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔᧄႎ๔ߢߪߎࠇࠍᘏༀࠨࠗ࠼߆ࠄᬌ⸛ߔ ࠆޕߔߥࠊߜޔᒰᤨޔ㕖⥄⊒⊛ߥᄬᬺ߇᜛ᄢߔࠆߥ߆ߦ޽ߞߡޔዞഭน⢻ߥੱޘߦኻߔࠆ ᘏༀᵴേߪߥߗ᦭ലߦᯏ⢻ߒ߃ߥ߆ߞߚߩ߆ࠍౝ࿷⊛ߦ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣࠍ⺖㗴ߣߔࠆޕ ઁᣇޔㄭᐕߩᘏༀผ⎇ⓥߢߪޔᘏༀࠍ◊ᔒኅߚߜߩༀᗧߦၮߠߊ߽ߩߣߔࠆ⷗ᣇߦ┙ߟ ௑ะߦ޽ߞߚᓥ೨ߩ⎇ⓥࠍ⋧ኻൻߔࠆേ߈߇ㅴࠎߢ޿ࠆޕߘߎߢߪޔԘᘏༀߩ಴ߒᚻ஥ߩ ␠ળ⊛േᯏޔԙฃߌᚻ஥ߩޟᚢ⇛ޠޔԚฃߌᚻߣ಴ߒᚻߩ㑐ଥࠍ฽߼ߚᘏༀߘߩ߽ߩߩ␠ળ ⊛ᢥ⣂ޔߣ޿ߞߚⷐ࿃ࠍⷞ㊁ߦ౉ࠇࠆߎߣߩ㊀ⷐᕈ߇⹺⼂ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕᧄႎ ๔ߢߪߎߩ߁ߜԙߣԚߩⷞὐߦ․ߦ⇐ᗧߒߟߟᬌ⸛ࠍ߅ߎߥ߁ޕߘࠇࠍㅢߓߡޔޟ⑔␩ߩᷙ ว૕ޠߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄౣᵈ⋡ߐࠇߟߟ޽ࠆᘏༀߦߟ޿ߡޔߘߩᱧผ⊛ᄌኈߩᄾᯏࠍޔઁߩ ⑔␩ଏ⛎ਥ૕ߣߩേᘒ⊛ߥ㑐ଥߣวࠊߖߡⷞ㊁ߦ౉ࠇࠆߚ߼ߩ߭ߣߟߩ᧚ᢱࠍឭ␜ߒߚ޿ޕ

㧝㧚ޟዅ෩޽ࠆޠᄬᬺ⠪ߦኻߔࠆ㑐ᔃߩ㜞߹ࠅ

 19 ਎♿ᓟᦼߩࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߦ߅ߌࠆ↢ᵴ଻㓚✂ߪޔ୘ੱ⊛ߥ⥄ഥޔ㓸࿅⊛⥄ഥޔኅᣖ࡮ⷫ㘃ޔ ㄭ㓞࡮෹ੱޔߘࠇߦᢇ⽺ᴺߣ⑳⊛ᘏༀࠍ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߣߔࠆᢇ⽺ᵴേࠍਛᔃߦ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔ ᢇ⽺ᴺߦࠃࠄߥ޿࿎┆⠪ኻ╷ߪߘߩਛߢ᣿⏕ߥ૏⟎ࠍභ߼ߡ޿ߚޕ ᒰᤨߩ↢ᵴ଻㓚✂ߩਛߢޔⒿᓧ߇ਛᢿߒߚߣ߈ߦഭ௛⠪ߩ↢⸘ࠍᡰ߃ࠆᓎഀࠍ␠ળ⊛ߦ ᦼᓙߐࠇߡ޿ߚߩߪ੕ഥ⚵❱ߢ޽ߞߚޕߒ߆ߒ੕ഥ⚵❱߳ߩട౉ߪ৻ㇱߩഭ௛⠪ߦ㒢ࠄࠇ ߡ޿ߚߚ߼ޔഭ௛⠪ߩਛߦߪ੕ഥ⚵❱ߦ㗬ࠇߕޔᄬᬺ߿∔∛ߥߤߩ࡝ࠬࠢߦ⷗⥰ࠊࠇࠆߣ ┆ㄼߔࠆੱߚߜ߇ሽ࿷ߒߚޕᾫ✵ഭ௛⠪ࠍਛᔃߦ⊒㆐ߒߚ੕ഥ⚵❱ߪޔ19 ਎♿ᓟᦼߦߥࠆ ߣߘߩઁߩ㓏ጀߦ߽ᐢ߇ߞߡ޿ߞߚ߇ޔ౒ᷣળ⾌ࠍቯᦼ⊛ߦ᜚಴ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚਇᾫ✵ഭ௛ ⠪ߩട౉₸ߪ⋧ኻૐ޿᳓Ḱߦ޽ߞߚޕ 1880 ᐕઍએ㒠ޔߘ߁ߒߚᒰᤨߩ↢ᵴ଻㓚૕♽߆ࠄߪߺ಴ࠆㇱಽࠍ߽ߞߡ޿ߚੱޘ̆̆↢ ᵴ਄ߩ஧⊒ᕈߦ⷗⥰ࠊࠇߚ㓙ߦ੕ഥ⚵❱ࠍㅢߓߡ㧔චಽߥ㧕↢⸘ᚻᲑࠍ⏕଻ߢ߈ߥ޿ഭ௛ ⠪̆̆ߦኻߔࠆ㑐ᔃ߇㜞߹ࠆޕࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ⚻ᷣߪ 1873 ᐕ㨪87 ᐕߦ߆ߌߡ᥊᳇ᓟㅌߦ⷗⥰ࠊ ࠇޔᄬᬺ߇᜛ᄢߒߚޕߘ߁ߒߚਛޔᄬᬺߩේ࿃ࠍ⾗ᧄਥ⟵ߘߩ߽ߩߦ᳞߼ࠆ␠ળਥ⟵߇൓ ജࠍჇߒߚޕߎࠇߦኻߒߡᒰᤨߩ਎⺰ߪޔߘ߁ߒߚേ߈߇ഭ௛⠪ጀߦᐢ߇ࠆߎߣࠍ ᔨߔ ࠆ৻ᣇߢޔ⥄┙⊛ߢ޽ࠈ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔ߶ߣࠎߤ߽ߞ߬ࠄ⚻ᷣ⊛ℂ↱ߢᄬ

－65－ ᬺߒߚഭ௛⠪ߚߜߩ⁁ᴫࠍᡷༀߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߣ޿߁⷗ᣇ߳ߣ௑޿ߡ޿ߞߚޕ⥄┙⊛ߢ޽ ࠈ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔ߶ߣࠎߤ߽ߞ߬ࠄ⚻ᷣ⊛ℂ↱ߢᄬᬺߒߚഭ௛⠪ߚߜߪޔ ޟዅ෩޽ࠆ㧔respectable㧕ޠߥ޿ߒޟᡰេߦ୯ߔࠆ㧔deserving㧕ޠᄬᬺ⠪ߣ๭߫ࠇߚޕ  ޟዅ෩޽ࠆޠᄬᬺ⠪ߩᢇᷣࠍ᳞߼ࠆჿ߇㜞߹ࠆਛߦ޽ߞߡޔᢇ⽺ᴺߦࠃࠄߥ޿ᢇᷣᵴേ ߇᜛ᄢߒߚޕౕ૕⊛ߦߪޔᏒ㐳ߩ๭߮ដߌߢޔᄬᬺ⠪ߩᢇᷣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆᢇᷣၮ㊄߇ฦ࿾ ߢ⸳┙ߐࠇߚ 1886 ᐕߦߪޔ࿾ᣇⴕ᡽ᐡ߇޿ࠊࠁࠆ࠴ࠚࡦࡃ࡟ࡦ࿁⁁ࠍㅢ㆐ߒޔᣣ㓹޿ᾫ ✵ഭ௛⠪ࠍਥߥኻ⽎ߦޔޟ⽺᳃ߩὝශࠍ઻ࠊߥ޿઀੐ޠࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣࠍ⥄ᴦ૕ߦⷐ⺧ߒߡ ޿ࠆޕߐࠄߦޔᘏༀ࿅૕ߩᢇᷣᵴേ߽ᵴ⊒ߦߥߞߚޕ

㧞㧚ᘏༀߦኻߔࠆᦼᓙߣᘏༀ⚵❱දળ㧔COS㧕

 ᢇ⽺ᴺ૕೙ਅߢߪޔ࿎┆⠪ࠍޟᡰេߦ୯ߔࠆޠ੐଀ߣޟᡰេߦ୯ߒߥ޿ޠ੐଀ߦ඙೎ߔ ࠆߎߣ߇ේೣߣߐࠇߡ޿ߚޕޟᡰេߦ୯ߔࠆޠ੐଀ߣߪޔ⥄┙⊛ߥ♖␹⊛ᘒᐲࠍ᦭ߔࠆ㧛᦭ ߒᓧࠆ߽ߩߩᄖㇱߩᡰេࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆੱޘߩߎߣࠍᜰߔޕઁᣇޔޟᡰេߦ୯ߒߥ޿ޠ੐଀ߣ ߪޔᏱ⠌⊛ߥᶋᶉ⠪߿‛਼޿ߥߤߩޔޟዅ෩޽ࠆޠᘒᐲࠍりߦߟߌࠆ⷗ㄟߺߩߥ޿ߥߐࠇࠆ ੱޘࠍᜰߔޕ1860 ᐕઍએ೨ߦߪޔ᥊᳇ᓟㅌߦߣ߽ߥߞߡ⊒↢ߒߚᄬᬺ⠪ߥߤߪޟᡰេߦ୯ ߔࠆޠ੐଀ߣߺߥߐࠇᢇ⽺ᴺߦࠃࠆኻᔕ߇࿑ࠄࠇޔ⑳⊛ᘏༀߪߘࠇࠍ⵬ቢߔࠆ૏⟎ߠߌߦ ޽ߞߚޕߒ߆ߒ 70 ᐕઍએ㒠ޔᢇ⽺ᴺⴕ᡽ߦ߅޿ߡᢇេᛥᱛߩේೣ߇ផㅴߐࠇࠆߥ߆ߢޔޟᡰ េߦ୯ߔࠆޠ੐଀߳ߩኻಣߦ߅ߌࠆ⑳⊛ᘏༀߩᲧ㊀߇Ⴧߒߚޕ  ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߩᘏༀ⚵❱දળ㧔COS㧕ߪߘ߁ߒߚዷ㐿ߩਛߢޔޟᡰេߦ୯ߔࠆޠ߆ߤ߁߆ߩ ၮḰࠍ෩ᩰߦㆡ↪ߔࠆᢇ⽺૕♽ࠍ⏕┙ߔࠆߴߊޔ1869 ᐕߦ⸳┙ߐࠇߚ⥄⊒⊛⚿␠ߢ޽ࠆޕ ߎߩදળߪᘏༀ⾗Ḯߩല₸⊛ߥᵴ↪ࠍℂᔨߦឝߍޔήಽ೎ߩᢇᷣࠍᩮ⛘ߒߟߟޔޟᡰេߦ୯ ߔࠆޠ੐଀ߦߟ޿ߡߪ⑳⊛ᘏༀ߇ኻᔕߒޔޟᡰេߦ୯ߒߥ޿ޠ੐଀ߦߟ޿ߡߪᙼ⟏⊛ߥᢇ⽺ ᴺᯏ㑐ߦㅍ⥌ߔࠆ૕೙ࠍ⏕┙ߔࠆߎߣࠍਥᒛߒߚޕౕ૕⊛ߦߪޔޟ⑼ቇ⊛ᘏༀ(scientific charity)ޠߩ᭴ᗐࠍឭ໒ߒޔߘߩታ⃻ࠍ⋡ᜰߔㆇേࠍዷ㐿ߒߚޕ⑼ቇ⊛ᘏༀߩ᭴ᗐߪޔታ 㓙ߩᡰេ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆࠤ࡯ࠬࡢ࡯ࠢ 1ߩ⏕┙ߣޔߘߩㆇ༡૕೙ߩ⚵❱ൻߣ߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇޔ COSߪࠤ࡯ࠬࡢ࡯ࠢߩታᣉ૕೙ࠍ࿾ၞߏߣߦ⚵❱ߔࠆߎߣࠍਥᒛߒߚ 2ޕ  COS ߩഃᆎ⠪ߚߜߪߎ߁ߒߚ⑼ቇ⊛ᘏༀߩ᭴ᗐߦ߽ߣߠ޿ߡޔᦨೋߩᘏༀ⚵❱දળࠍࡠ ࡦ࠼ࡦߢ┙ߜ਄ߍߚޕߘߩᓟޔห᭽ߩ࿅૕ࠍ⸳┙ߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆേ߈ߪઁߩ࿾ၞߦ߽ᐢ߇ߞ ߡ޿ߞߚޕฦ࿾ߩදળߪޔԘࡔࡦࡃ࡯ࠍᢇ⼔ᆔຬߦᠩ┙ߔࠆޔ޽ࠆ޿ߪᢇ⽺ᴺߩⴕ᡽ቭߚ ߜߣߩ㑐ଥࠍኒߦߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡᢇ⽺ᴺᯏ㑐ߣߩㅪ៤ࠍ࿑ࠆߣߣ߽ߦޔԙ⑳⊛ᘏༀ੐ᬺ ࠍ⚵❱ൻߔࠆߎߣࠍㅢߓߡޔᢇ⽺਎⇇ߦ߅ߌࠆᓇ㗀ജࠍ₪ᓧߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚޕ19 ਎♿ ߩᧃᦼߦߪޔࠤ࡯ࠬࡢ࡯ࠢߩ૕♽ൻࠍㅴ߼ࠆߣߣ߽ߦޔࠤ࡯ࠬࡢ࡯ࠢࠍታ〣ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⍮

1 COS ߩឭ໒ߒߚࠤ࡯ࠬࡢ࡯ࠢߪޔ㧔㧝㧕࿎┆⠪ߩ⁁ᘒࠍ޽ࠄ߆ߓ߼⸳ቯߒߡ߅޿ߚޟࠤ࡯ࠬޠ ߦᒰߡߪ߼ޔߘߩ߁߃ߢޔ㧔㧞㧕ࠤ࡯ࠬߦᔕߓߡេഥߩนุ߿ౝኈࠍ᳿ቯߒޔߘߩ⚿ᨐ߇ޟᡰ េߦ୯ߔࠆޠࠤ࡯ࠬߢ޽ࠆ႐วߦߪޔ㧔㧟㧕ߘߩ᳿ቯߦ߽ߣߠ޿ߡታ㓙ߩᡰេࠍታᣉߔࠆޔߣ ޿߁߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ㧔C. S. Loch, How to Help Cases of Distress (London, 1883), pp.9-12; 㜞㊁ ผ㇢ޡࠗࠡ࡝ࠬㄭઍ␠ળ੐ᬺߩᒻᚑㆊ⒟ޢ㧔ഹ⨲ᦠᚱޔ1985 ᐕ㧕ޔ276-95 㗁 ෳᾖ㧕ޕ 2 Charity Organization Papers 1881, pp.3-4.

－66－ ⼂ࠍ஻߃ߚࡢ࡯ࠞ࡯ࠍ㙃ᚑߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡޔ⎇ⓥ࡮ᢎ⢒ᵴേߦ߽ജࠍ౉ࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第二会場 ߥߞߡ޿ߚޕ

㧟㧚 ਎♿ᧃᦼߩޟ⑼ቇ⊛ᘏༀޠㆇേ̆̆ℂᗐߣ⃻ታߩਵ㔌

 1880 ᐕઍએ㒠ޔޟዅ෩޽ࠆޠ࿎┆⠪ࠍᢇᷣߔࠆߎߣ߳ߩⷐ⺧߇㜞߹ࠆߣ⑳⊛ᘏༀ߇ᵴ⊒ ߦߥߞߚ߇ޔ㑆߽ߥߊޔᘏༀ⊛ᢇᷣߦኻߔࠆᛕ್߇㜞߹ߞߚޕߘ߁ߒߚᛕ್ߪޔᘏༀ⊛ᢇ ᷣߪ଻⼔߳ߩଐሽࠍഥ㐳ߒޔഭ௛⠪ߩⷙᓞࠍ߽៊ߥߞߡ޿ࠆߚ߼ޔ㆏ᓼ⊛ߥㅌᑄࠍ␠ળ⊛ ߦᒁ߈⿠ߎߒߡ޿ࠆߣߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚޕ  ⑳⊛ᘏༀߦኻߔࠆᛕ್߇㜞߹ࠆਛߦ޽ߞߡ COS ߪޔߘ߁ߒߚᛕ್ߩ৻⠢ࠍᜂ߁ඨ㕙ߢޔ ೨ㅀߒߚ⑼ቇ⊛ᘏༀߩ᭴ᗐߦ߽ߣߠ޿ߡᘏༀᵴേࠍ⚵❱ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡޔ␠ળ⊛ߥⷙᓞ ࠍ៊ߥ߁ߎߣߥߊޟዅ෩޽ࠆޠ࿎┆⠪ࠍᢇᷣߔࠆߎߣߪଐὼน⢻ߢ޽ࠆߣਥᒛߒߚޕߘߩ ⷗࿾߆ࠄᵴേࠍផㅴߒࠃ߁ߣߒߚ߇ޔㆃߊߣ߽ 1900 ᐕઍߩᓟඨ߹ߢߦޔᢇ⽺ᴺߦࠃࠄߥ ޿ᄬᬺ࡮࿎┆⠪ኻ╷ߩਛᔃߪ⑳⊛ᘏༀ߆ࠄ౏⊛ߥᣉ╷߳ߣ⒖ⴕߒߚޕߢߪޔߥߗ⑼ቇ⊛ᘏ ༀߩ᭴ᗐߪᢇ⽺ᴺߦࠃࠄߥ޿࿎┆ኻ╷ߩਛᔃࠍභ߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚߩߛࠈ߁߆ޕ

Ԙࡏ࡜ࡦ࠲࡝࠭ࡓ   㒖ኂⷐ࿃ߩ╙৻ߪޔᵴേේℂߣߒߡߩࡏ࡜ࡦ࠲࡝࠭ࡓߢ޽ࠆޕ ⥄⊒ᕈࠍᵴേߩਛᔃߦᝪ߃ࠆߎߣߪCOSߩ⸳┙એ᧪ߩේೣߢ޽ࠅޔߘࠇߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ⠨ ߃ߦ߽ߣߠ޿ߡ޿ߚޕCOSߪޔⵍᡰេ⠪ࠍ㆏ᓼ⊛ߦᗵൻߔࠆߎߣࠍㅢߓߡ␠ળ⊛ߥ୶ℂᡷ 㕟ࠍᚑߒㆀߍࠆߎߣࠍℂᔨߣߒߡ޿ߚޕᓟㅀߔࠆࠃ߁ߦޔߘ߁ߒߚℂᔨࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ ߪޔᡰេߔࠆ஥ߣߐࠇࠆ஥ߩ㑆ߦޔ෹ੱ㑐ଥߦ߽ૃߚⷫኒߥ㑐ଥࠍᒻᚑߔࠆߎߣ߇⢄ⷐߢ ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚޕหᤨߦޔߘ߁޿ߞߚ㑐ଥߪⷙೣ⊛ߥኻᔕࠍㅢߓߡߢߪᒻᚑߐࠇ߃ߕޔ ޟ౒ᗵޠ߿ޟᔋ⠴ᒝߊ⡊ࠍ௑ߌࠆߎߣޠߣ޿ߞߚᆫ൓ࠍ߽ߞߡ⥃߻৻ੱ߭ߣࠅߣߩធ⸅ࠍ ㅢߓߡߩߺᒻᚑน⢻ߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚޕCOSߩഃᆎ⠪ߚߜߪߘ߁ߒߚ㑐ଥᕈࠍ᭴▽ߔࠆ ⾗⾰ࠍ◊ᔒኅߩߥ߆ߦ⷗಴ߒޔߘߩⷰὐ߆ࠄޔදળߩ⚵❱ᒻᘒࠍ◊ᔒኅߚߜ߆ࠄߥࠆ⥄⊒ ⊛ߥ⚿␠ߣߒߡⓍᭂ⊛ߦ૏⟎ߠߌߚ 3ޕ ߒ߆ߒCOS ߩࡏ࡜ࡦ࠲࡝࠭ࡓߪታ〣㕙ߢ࿎㔍ߦ⋥㕙ߒߡ޿ߚޕ╙৻ߦޔᘏༀ࿅૕ߩ⥄ ⊒ᕈࠍ೨ឭߦߔࠆ㒢ࠅޔᘏༀߩ⚵❱ൻߪߥ߆ߥ߆ㅴ߹ߥ߆ߞߚޕ1880 ᐕઍඨ߫ߦบ㗡ߒߚ ␠ળ⊛ⷙᓞߩૐਅࠍෂᗋߔࠆ⼏⺰ߩᄙߊߪޔ⃻ⴕߩ⑳⊛ᘏༀߪ޿ࠊ߫ᚢ⇛⊛ߦⶄᢙߩ࿅૕ ߆ࠄ⛎ઃࠍฃߌࠃ߁ߣߔࠆੱޘࠍ↢ߺ಴ߒߡ߅ࠅޔߘߩේ࿃ߪⶄᢙߩᘏༀ࿅૕߇੕޿ߦㅪ ⛊ࠍᰳ޿ߚ߹߹୘೎ߦᢇᷣᵴേࠍታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ̆̆ᢇᷣߩ㊀ⶄ߇⿠ߎߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ̆ ̆ߦ޽ࠆߣ⺰ߓߚޕCOS ߽ߎࠇߣหߓ⷗࿾߆ࠄ㊀ⶄ⊛ᢇᷣߩ⸃ᶖࠍਛᔃ⊛ߥᵴേ⋡ᮡߣߒ ߡ޿ߚߚ߼ޔ㊀ⶄߩሽ⛯ߪᘏༀಽ㊁ߦ߅ߌࠆ COS ߩᓇ㗀ജߩᄢ߈ߐࠍ‛⺆ߞߡ޿ߚޕ ╙ੑߦޔCOS ߩᵴേℂᔨߣߒߡߩࡏ࡜ࡦ࠲࡝࠭ࡓߪޔ࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ࡢ࡯ࠞ࡯ߩ࡝ࠢ࡞࡯࠻ ߣ޿߁ὐߢ߽ޟ⑼ቇ⊛ᘏༀޠߩ⃻ታ⊛ၮ⋚ࠍਇ቟ቯߥ߽ߩߦߒߡ޿ߚޕᒰᤨޔ࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ ࡢ࡯ࠢߩᜂ޿ᚻߪ◊ᔒኅߢ޽ߞߚ߇ޔߘߩ◊ᔒኅࠍචಽߦ⏕଻ߔࠆߎߣߪ COS ߦߣߞߡ ᦨ߽࿎㔍ߥ⺖㗴ߩ߭ߣߟߢ޽ࠅ⛯ߌߚޕ

－67－ ԙࠤ࡯ࠬࡢ࡯ࠢ   ⑼ቇ⊛ᘏༀߩ᭴ᗐߦኻߔࠆ╙ੑߩ㒖ኂⷐ࿃ߣߒߡ COS ᑼࠤ࡯ࠬ ࡢ࡯ࠢߩේೣࠍ᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆޕCOS ߩឭ໒ߔࠆࠤ࡯ࠬࡢ࡯ࠢߢߪޔᡰេኻ⽎⠪ߩㆬ೎ߪޔẜ ࿷⊛ߥኻ⽎⠪ߣߩ㑆ߦ⛮⛯⊛ߥ㑐ଥࠍ▽ߊߥ߆ߢ߽ߚࠄߐࠇࠆ୘೎ౕ૕⊛ߥ⍮⷗ߦ߽ߣߠ ޿ߡὑߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣߐࠇߚޕ  ୘೎⊛ߥኻᔕߩේೣߪޔᡰេߩᲑ㓏ߢ߽ណ↪ߐࠇߚޕ೨ㅀߩὐߣ㊀ߥࠆ߇ޔCOS ߩᜰዉ ⠪ߚߜߪޔ࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ࡢ࡯ࠞ࡯߇⷗⼂ߩ޽ࠆ෹ੱߣߒߡធߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡߎߘኻ⽎⠪ࠍ ㆏ᓼ⊛ߦᗵൻߢ߈ࠆߣ޿߁⷗࿾߆ࠄޔᡰេߪኻ⽎⠪৻ੱ߭ߣࠅߦ௛߈߆ߌࠆᕈᩰߩ߽ߩߢ ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ20 ਎♿߳ߩォ឵ᦼߦ߅ߌࠆ COS ߩਛᔃ⊛ℂ⺰ኅߢ ޽ࠆ B࡮ࡏ࡯ࠨࡦࠤ࠶࠻ߪޔᡰេߩ⋡⊛ߣ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇࠆ㆏ᓼ⊛ߥᗵൻߩߎߣࠍޟࠪ࠹ࠖ ࠭ࡦࠪ࠶ࡊߩᢎ߃ࠍ᥉෸ߐߖࠆߎߣޠߣ๭߮ઍ߃ߡ޿ࠆ4ޕߘߎߢ޿߁ޟࠪ࠹ࠖ࠭ࡦࠪ࠶ࡊޠ ߪޔ⚻ᷣ⊛ޔ♖␹⊛ߦ⥄┙ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍਛᩭ⊛ⷐ⚛ߣߔࠆⷙ▸⊛ߥ᭎ᔨߢ޽ࠆޕߘߩޟࠪ ࠹ࠖ࠭ࡦࠪ࠶ࡊޠߩᢎ߃ࠍ᥉෸ߐߖࠆߣ޿߁ℂᔨߪޔ⚻ᷣ㕙ߢߪޔ┆ਲߩේ࿃ߪవ⷗ᕈߩ ᰳᅤ߿ᶉ⾌≻ߦ޽ࠆߣߔࠆ୘ੱਥ⟵⊛ߥ⽺࿎ⷰߣ⚿߮ߟ޿ߡ޿ߚޕ  ޟࠪ࠹ࠖ࠭ࡦࠪ࠶ࡊߩᢎ߃ࠍ᥉෸ߐߖࠆߎߣޠߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߠߌ߇ߥߐࠇߚߎߣ߆ࠄ߽⺒ ߺขࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦޔᡰេࠍឭଏߔࠆ஥߆ࠄߺࠆߣޔ㆏ᓼ⊛ߥᗵൻߪߘࠇ⥄૕⋡⊛ߢ޽ߞߚޕ ߘߎߢߪޔ㓏⚖㑆ߦᷓ޿Ḵ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߣ޿߁⹺⼂߇಴⊒ὐߣߐࠇޔ␠ળ⊛ಽᢿࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ ߘ߁ߒߚḴߪ⸃ᶖߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ߣ޿߁⷗࿾߆ࠄޔ㓏⚖㑆ߩੱ㑆⊛ߟߥ߇ࠅࠍޟౣ ᭴▽ޠߔࠆߎߣ߇ਥᒛߐࠇߚޕߐࠄߦ࠰࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ࡢ࡯ࠢߪޔᡰេ⠪⥄り߇ޟቇ߮ޠޔ߹ ߚޟ ♖ ␹ࠍṑ㙃ߔࠆޠᯏળߣߒߡ߽૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇߚޕ  ߣߎࠈ߇ 19 ਎♿ᧃᦼߦߥࠆߣޔ࿎┆ߩᕈᩰߣᝒ߃ᣇ߇ᄌൻߔࠆਛߢޔ޿߹ㅀߴߚࠃ߁ ߥ୘೎⊛ߥᡰេߩ⠨߃ᣇߦ߽ߣߠߊ࿎┆⠪ኻ╷ߪޔታ⃻࿎㔍߽ߒߊߪਇㆡಾߢ޽ࠆߣߔࠆ ⹺⼂߇㜞߹ߞߚޕߔߥࠊߜޔ╙৻ߦޔ࿎┆⠪ߩⷙᮨ߇᜛ᄢߔࠆਛߢޔ୘೎⊛ߥᡰេߩ⠨߃ ᣇࠍታ〣ߔࠆߎߣߩ࿎㔍ߥࠤ࡯ࠬ߇ᄙ⊒ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆޕߎߩᤨᦼޔ᥊᳇ߦࠃࠆ㓹↪⺞ᢛ ߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌ߿ߔߊޔ߆ߟ⚻ᷣ⊛૛⵨ߩዋߥ޿ਅጀഭ௛⠪ጀ߇᜛ᄢߒߚߎߣࠍ⢛᥊ߦޔਇ ᴫᤨߦ⊒↢ߔࠆ࿎┆⠪ߩⷙᮨ߇᜛ᄢߒߚޕẜ࿷⊛ߥኻ⽎⠪߇᜛ᄢߔࠆߥ߆ߢޔCOS ߩኻᔕ ߪߒ߫ߒ߫ᓟᚻߦ߹ࠊߞߚޕ  ╙ੑߦޔߎߩᤨᦼޔਅጀഭ௛⠪ߣߘߩ᧦ઙߢ޽ߞߚ⽺࿎߇᜛ᄢߔࠆਛߢޔCOS ߩឭ໒ߔ ࠆ୘೎⊛ߥᡰេߩ⠨߃ᣇ߇߽ߣ߽ߣᛴ߃ߡ޿ߚࠫ࡟ࡦࡑޔߔߥࠊߜޔ⥄ഥࠍታ〣ߒࠃ߁ߣ ߔࠆޟዅ෩޽ࠆޠ࿎┆⠪ࠍᢇᷣߔࠆߎߣߣޔᢇᷣࠍ᧦ઙઃ߈ߩ߽ߩߦߔࠆߥߤߒߡ࿎┆⠪ ߦ⥄ഥߩ⠌ᘠࠍりߦߟߌߐߖࠆߎߣߩ㑆ߩࠫ࡟ࡦࡑ߇ᷓ߹ߞߚޕCOS ߪߎߩࠫ࡟ࡦࡑࠍᓟ ⠪ߩ⥄ഥߩଦㅴߣ޿߁ⷰὐࠍఝవߐߖࠆ߆ߚߜߢ⸃ᶖߒࠃ߁ߣߒߚߚ߼ޔ㧔ẜ࿷⊛ߥ㧕ฃ⛎ ⠪ߚߜߩ㑆ߢදળߦኻߔࠆਇାᗵ߇㜞߹ߞߚޕ Ԛ㧔ẜ࿷⊛㧕ฃ⛎⠪ߚߜߩᘒᐲ   ߎߩᤨᦼޔᄙߊߩഭ௛⠪ߚߜߪ㧯㧻㧿ߦਇାᗵࠍ ޿ߛߊߛߌߢߥߊޔህᖡᗵߐ߃␜ߔࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚޕẜ࿷⊛ߥฃ⛎⠪ߩ㑆ߢᐢ߇ߞߚߘ߁ߒ

3 O. Hill, Homes of the London Poor (London, 1883), pp.58, 65-6. 4 B. Bosanquet, Aspects of the Social Problem (London, 1895), pp. 5-8, 10, 18-20.

－68－ ߚᘒᐲࠍޔ⑼ቇ⊛ᘏༀߩ᭴ᗐࠍ㒖ኂߒߚ╙ਃߩⷐ࿃ߣߒߡᜰ៰ߢ߈ࠆޕ ﹇第一日目﹈ 第二会場  COS ߩ㑐ਈߔࠆ੐ᬺ߇ᔊㆱߐࠇߚߎߣߩᦨᄢߩℂ↱ߪޔ⛎ઃߦవ┙ߞߡታᣉߐࠇࠆክᩏ ߦ޽ߞߚޕCOS ߪ 1880 ᐕઍߦᄢⷙᮨߥᄬᬺ߇⊒↢ߔࠆਛߢޔᄬᬺ⠪߽ᢇᷣኻ⽎ߣߔࠆࠃ ߁ߦߥߞߚ߇ޔߘߩ㓙ޔ▵୿࡮౒ᷣ࿅૕߳ߩ᜚಴ᱧ߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍᡰេߩⷐઙߦߔࠆߎߣ߿ޔ ኅᐸ⸰໧ߦ߽ߣߠߊክᩏࠍታᣉߔࠆߎߣޔߥߤ߇ේೣߣߐࠇߚޕߎࠇߦኻߒߡዋߥ߆ࠄߧ ᄬᬺ⠪ߚߜߪޔᡰេߩ౉ࠅญߦ޽ߚࠆክᩏߪ↢ᵴታᘒࠍήⷞߒߚ߽ߩޔ޽ࠆ޿ߪ⑳੐ࠍ⹢ ⚝ߔࠆ߽ߩߣฃߌߣ߼ߡޔߘࠇߦኻߔࠆህᖡࠍ㔺ࠊߦߒߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ 㧭࡮ࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߣ㧶࡮㧭࡮ࡎࡉࠬࡦߪޔCOS ߩክᩏ߇ᔊㆱߐࠇࠆℂ↱ߪޔߎߩදળ߇૕ ⃻ߔࠆ㓏⚖⊛ߥࡄ࠲࡯࠽࡝࠭ࡓߦ޽ࠆߣ޿߁⷗ᣇࠍ␜ߒߚޕCOS ߩ᭴ᚑຬߢ޽ߞߚࡑ࡯ࠪ ࡖ࡞ߩ⠨߃ߢߪޔ৻⥸⊛ߦޟ⑳⊛ߥ⷗⍮ࠄߧੱߚߜޠߦࠃࠆክᩏߦߣ߽ߥ߁ᕯㄗᗵߪޔ౏ ⊛ᯏ㑐߇ታᣉߔࠆክᩏߦߣ߽ߥ߁ᕯㄗᗵࠃࠅ߽ዋߥ޿ߚ߼ޔ⑳⊛ᘏༀߪᢇ⽺ᴺߩ଻⼔ࠃࠅ ߽ⷫߒߺ߿ߔ޿߽ߩߦߥࠆߪߕߢ޽ࠆޕߒ߆ߒታ㓙ߦߪޔCOS ߩᢇᷣߪ↳⺧⠪ߦ⠴߃߇ߚ ޿ᕯㄗᗵࠍਈ߃ࠆ߽ߩߣฃߌߣࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅޔߘߩ⚿ᨐޔ㔖⪭ߔࠆߎߣߣᢇ⽺ᴺߩ଻⼔ࠍ↳ ⺧ߔࠆߎߣߩਛ㑆ࠍၒ߼ࠆᯏ⢻ࠍචಽߦᨐߚߖߕߦ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ޕߘߩ߁߃ߢᓐߪޔCOS ߩ 㧚㧚㧚 㧚㧚㧚㧚 ᢇᷣ߇ޟഭ௛⠪㓏⚖ߦࠃߞߡߢߪߥߊޔഭ௛⠪㓏⚖ߩߚ߼ߦታᣉߔࠆޠᕈᩰߩ߽ߩߦߥߞ ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ߘߩ⢛᥊ߦ޽ࠆߣਥᒛߒߚ5ޕ৻ᣇߩࡎࡉࠬࡦߪޔ⚻ᷣ⊛᧦ઙࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߎߣ ߥߊኻ⽎⠪ߩ㆏ᓼ⊛ߥ⾗⾰ߛߌߦ㑐ᔃࠍ㓸ਛߐߖࠆࠃ߁ߥክᩏ߇ COS ߩ㓏⚖ᕈߩ޽ࠄࠊ ࠇߣߺߥߐࠇޔߘߩߚ߼ߎߩදળߩክᩏߪฃ⛎⠪ߚߜߩ㑆ߢޟᙍࠅޠߩኻ⽎ߣߥࠅޔ߹ߚ ߘ߁ߢ޽ࠆ߇᡿ߦޔߘ߁ߒߚክᩏࠍฃߌࠆߎߣߪዮㄗߣฃߌߣ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߣਥᒛߒߚ6ޕ ߎߩࠃ߁ߦޔච਻਎♿ᧃߦߪޔCOS ߩክᩏߪᄢ߈ߥᕯㄗᗵࠍߣ߽ߥ߁߽ߩߣߒߡህᖡߐ ࠇޔ߹ߚ㧔ẜ࿷⊛ߥ㧕ฃ⛎⠪߇ߘߩࠃ߁ߦᗵߓࠆේ࿃ߪߎߩදળߩ૕⾰̆̆㓏⚖⊛ࡄ࠲࡯ ࠽࡝࠭ࡓ̆̆ߦ޽ࠆߣߔࠆ⷗ᣇࠍ␜ߔ⼏⺰߽⃻ࠇߚޕ߽ߞߣ߽ޔCOS ߦ㒢ࠄߕ⑳⊛ᘏༀߪ ᕲ⌕ߖ߇߹ߒ޿ᕈᩰࠍ߽ߞߡ߅ࠅޔߢ߈ࠇ߫߆߆ࠊࠄߕߦᷣ߹ߖߚ޿ߣ޿߁⹺⼂ߘߩ߽ߩ ߪ⋡ᣂߒ޿߽ߩߢߪߥ߆ߞߚޕߒ߆ߒޔ⚻ᷣ⊛⥄┙ࠍ⥄ዅᔃߩḮߣߺߥߔ௑ะ߇ਅጀഭ௛ ⠪ጀߢ߽ᒝ߹ߞߡ޿ߚߎߣ߿ޔ᳃ਥൻߦߣ߽ߥߞߡᢇ⽺ᴺⴕ᡽ߦኻߔࠆഭ௛⠪㓏⚖ߩᓇ㗀 ജ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆਛߦ޽ߞߡޔᢇ⽺ᴺਅߢ᥉ㆉਥ⟵⊛ߥ⛎ઃ߇ߥߐࠇࠆน⢻ᕈ߇⃻ታ๧ࠍჇ ߒߚߎߣߥߤࠍ⢛᥊ߦޔߎߩᤨᦼޔCOS ߩ㑐ਈߔࠆᢇᷣ੐ᬺࠍᔊㆱߔࠆേ߈߇㗼⪺ߦߥߞ ߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕߘࠇߪޔⷞὐࠍᦧ߃ߡߺࠇ߫ޔޟࠪ࠹ࠖ࠭ࡦࠪ࠶ࡊޠߩ᥉෸ߣ޿߁ℂᔨࠍ ਛᩭߣߔࠆ㧯㧻㧿ߩᗧ๧਎⇇ߣ㧔ẜ࿷⊛ߥ㧕ኻ⽎⠪ߚߜߩ⃻ታߣߩ࠭࡟߇߹ߔ߹ߔᄢ߈ߊ ߥߞߡ޿ߚߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߒߡ޿ߚޕ 㧖  એ਄ߢᬌ⸛ߒߚࠃ߁ߦޔ⑼ቇ⊛ᘏༀߩ᭴ᗐߪޔ⚵❱ޔេഥᛛⴚޔℂᔨߩฦὐߢޔᒰᤨߩ ໧㗴⁁ᴫߦኻߒߡలಽߥ᦭ലᕈࠍ߽ߜ߃ߥ߆ߞߚޕߘߒߡߘߩߎߣ߇␠ળ⊛ߦ߽᣿ࠄ߆ߦ

5 A. Marshall, ‘The Poor Law in relation to State-aided pensions’, Economic Journal, 2 (1892), pp.187-9. 6 J. A. Hobson, The Social Philosophy of Charity Organisation (1896), reprinted in his Crisis of Liberalism (London, 1909)

－69－ ߥߞߚߎߣ߽޽ߞߡޔዞഭ⢻ജࠍ᦭ߔࠆޟዅ෩޽ࠆޠ࿎┆⠪ࠍᢇᷣߔࠆߎߣࠍਥ㗴ߣߔࠆ ⼏⺰ߦ߅޿ߡ⑼ቇ⊛ᘏༀߩ᭴ᗐߪᦨ⚳⊛ߦఝ૏ࠍභ߼ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚޕߚߒ߆ߦޔޟᢇ⽺ᴺߦ 㑐ߔࠆ₺┙ᆔຬળޠ㧔1905-9 ᐕ㧕ߩᄙᢙᵷႎ๔ߦ COS ߩਥᒛ߇ᄙߊ෻ᤋߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦ ߺࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦޔ20 ਎♿ߦ౉ߞߡ߽ߎߩදળߩ᭴ᗐߪ৻ቯߩᓇ㗀ജࠍ଻ᜬߒ⛯ߌߚ7ޕߒ ߆ߒߎߩႎ๔ߦ߽ޔCOS ߇෻ኻߒߡ޿ߚᄬᬺ଻㒾೙ᐲߩዉ౉ࠍᬌ⸛⺖㗴ߣߔࠆߎߣ߇ឭ⸒ ߣߒߡ⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߡ߅ࠅޔߘߩߎߣߪޔᒰᤨ߹ߢߦ⑼ቇ⊛ᘏༀߩ᭴ᗐߦ߽ߣߠߊਥᒛߪޔ ߣࠅࠊߌᄬᬺ⠪ࠍਛᔃߣߔࠆዞഭน⢻ߥੱޘ߳ߩኻ╷ߣߒߡߪޔዋߥߊߣ߽ᢿ ⊛ߥ߆ߚ ߜߢߒ߆৻⥸ߦฃߌ౉ࠇࠄࠇߥߊߥߞߡ޿ߚߎߣࠍ‛⺆ߞߡ޿ߚޕ

߅ࠊࠅߦ

⠡ߞߡޔ19 ਎♿ᧃᦼߩ⑳⊛ᘏༀߪޔ৻ᣇߢޔ࿎┆⁁ᘒߦ޽ࠆޟዅ෩޽ࠆޠ࿎┆ഭ௛⠪ߦ ᢇ⽺ᴺߩᨒᄖߢኻಣߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠇ߫ޔᣂᢇ⽺ᴺ߇૕⃻ߔࠆ⥄ഥߣ౒ഥࠍਛᔃߣߔࠆࡧࠖࠢ ࠻࡝ࠕᦼ⊛ߥ↢ᵴ଻㓚ߩℂᔨࠍជࠅ፣ߔߎߣ߇ෂᗋߐࠇޔઁᣇߢޔCOS ߩࠃ߁ߦᣂᢇ⽺ᴺ ߩᨒౝߢኻᔕߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠇ߫ޔޟዅ෩޽ࠆޠ࿎┆ഭ௛⠪ߩᢇᷣߣ޿߁ⷐ⺧ߦᔕ߃ࠄࠇߥ޿ߣ ޿߁ੑᓞ⢛෻ߩ⁁ᘒߦ߅ߜ޿ߞߚޕߒ߆߽ߘ߁ߒߚ⁁ᴫਅߦ޽ߞߡ߽ޔ┆ㄼߒߚޟዅ෩޽ ࠆޠഭ௛⠪ߩႺㆄᡷༀߣ޿߁ⷐ⺧ߘߩ߽ߩߪᒙ߹ࠆߎߣ߇ߥ߆ߞߚߚ߼ޔᣂᢇ⽺ᴺࠍᩇߣ ߔࠆᣢሽߩ↢ᵴ଻㓚૕♽ߩ᦭ലᕈߣᱜᒰᕈߦᷓೞߥ⇼໧╓߇ઃߐࠇࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚޕߘ߁ ߒߚਛޔ20 ਎♿ߦ౉ࠆߣޔᢇ⽺ᴺߩᄖߦ␠ળ଻㒾೙ᐲ߇ഃ⸳ߐࠇޔዞഭน⢻ߢޟᡰេߦ୯ ߔࠆޠੱޘߦߪၮᧄ⊛ߦߘࠇࠄߩᣉ╷ߢኻಣߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆേ߈߇ടㅦߒߚޕ ߢߪޔ20 ਎♿એ㒠ߩ⑳⊛ᘏༀߪޔޟᡰេߦ୯ߔࠆޠߣߐࠇࠆੱޘߩߥ߆ߩዞഭਇน⢻ߥ ጀࠍਥߚࠆኻ⽎ߣߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߩߢ޽ࠈ߁߆ޕਛ㐳ᦼ⊛ߦߺࠆߣޔ੐ᘒߪߎ߁ߒߚ੍ ᗐࠍⵣಾࠆᣇะߢㅴࠎߛޕᧄႎ๔ߢ COS ߩ੐଀ߦහߒߡ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚࠃ߁ߦޔߎߩᤨᦼޔ ഭ௛⠪ጀߢߪޟᡰេߦ୯ߔࠆޠੱ‛ߢ޽ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߣ޿߁ዤᐲࠍᒰߡߪ߼ࠄࠇࠆߎߣ⥄૕ ࠍህᖡߔࠆേ߈߇ᐢ߇ߞߚޕߘߩഭ௛⠪ጀ߇ෳ᡽ᮭߩ᜛ᄢࠍ⢛᥊ߦ᡽ᴦ⊛ߥᓇ㗀ജࠍჇߔ ਛߦ޽ߞߡޔޟᡰេߦ୯ߒߥ޿ޠ੐଀ߦኻᔕߔࠆ߽ߩߣߐࠇߡ߈ߚᢇ⽺ᴺߪޔ20 ਎♿೨ඨ ᦼࠍㅢߓߡޔኻ⽎⠪ߩ୶ℂ⊛ㆬ೎ߣ޿߁ⷐ⚛ࠍᓢޘߦᏗ⭯ൻߐߖߡ޿ߞߚޕߘߩࠃ߁ߥዷ 㐿ߩਛߢޔ⑳⊛ᘏༀߣᢇ⽺ᴺߩ㑆ߩ 19 ਎♿⊛ߥಽᬺ㑐ଥߪߘߩᚑ┙ၮ⋚ࠍᄬߞߡ޿ߞߚޕ ߒ߆ߒߘߩߎߣߪޔ౏⊛ᣉ╷ߩᵴേ㗔ၞ߇᜛ᄢߒޔ⑳⊛ᘏༀߪ߹ߔ߹ߔ๟✼⊛ߥሽ࿷ߦ ߥߞߡ޿ߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿ޕߚߒ߆ߦޔࡧࠖࠢ࠻࡝ࠕᦼ⊛ߥଔ୯ⷰ ߆ࠄߩ⣕ළࠍߪ߆ࠇߥ߆ߞߚ࿅૕ߦߟ޿ߡߪߘ߁ߒߚ⷗ᣇ߇޽ߡߪ߹ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿߇ޔ ో૕ߣߒߡߺࠆߣޔ⑳⊛ᘏༀߪⅣႺᄌൻߩਛߢ⥄Ꮖᄌኈࠍㆀߍߡ޿ߞߚޕ20 ਎♿એ㒠ߩ⑳ ⊛ᘏༀߪޔߣࠅࠊߌ⥄ᴦ૕ߩኻੱဳ␠ળࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩಽ㊁ߢⴕ᡽ߣߩද௛߅ࠃ߮ᣂߚߥಽᬺ 㑐ଥࠍᒻᚑߒޔࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ␠ળߦ߅޿ߡ⏕ߚࠆ࿾૏ࠍ଻ᜬߒߡࠁߊߎߣߦߥࠆޕ

7 ౕ૕⊛ߦߪޔCOS ߩℂᔨߦ߽ߣߠߊޟ◊ᔒᡰេ⹏⼏ળ㧔Voluntary Aid Council㧕ޠߣޟ◊ᔒ ᡰេ⹏⼏ળ㧔Voluntary Aid Committee㧕ޠ̆̆ߘࠇߙࠇޔදળ߇ឭ໒ߒߡ߈ߚޟ⹏⼏ળޠߣ ޟ࿾ၞᆔຬળޠߦ㘃ૃ̆̆ࠍ⸳┙ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᄙᢙᵷႎ๔ߩឭ⸒ߦ⋓ࠅㄟ߹ࠇߚ㧔H. Bosanquet, The Poor Law Report of 1909 [London: Macmillan, 1909], pp.163-8㧕ޕ

－70－ ࠢ࡯࡞ࡁ࡯⁛භࡕ࠺࡞⸃㉼ߦߟ޿ߡߩ৻⠨ኤ

᧖ᧄ᣽ବ

﹇第一日目﹈ 1. ࡠ࡯࠳࡯࠺࡯࡞ߩ⺖㗴 第三会場

 ޟฦޘߩ㊂ߣ㔛ⷐߩ㑆ߩ⋧ኻᲧ₸߇ଐὼޔၷᜬߐࠇࠆน⢻ᕈߪ޽ࠆ߇ޔߘߩࠃ߁ߥ੐ᖱ ߢޔߎߩဋⴧ equilibrium ߇⛮⛯ߐࠇࠆߎߣߪᄢᄌ޽ࠅߘ߁߽ߥ޿ߎߣߛޕޠ (Lauderdale(1804),p.22)ޔޟ1.⻉‛ߪ⾰ qualities ࠍ޽ࠊߖᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ⚿ᨐߦ߅޿ߡߛߌଔ୯ ߇޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ޔߘࠇࠄ⻉‛ࠍ޽ࠆ⒟ᐲߩ⒘ዋᕈ a certain degree of scarcity ߩਛߢሽ ࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ⅣႺߢੱߩ᰼ᦸߩኻ⽎ߦߔࠆޕ2.ฦ໡ຠ߇ᜬߟଔ୯ߩᐲว޿ߪޔߘࠇߩ㊂ ߣߘࠇ߳ߩ㔛ⷐߩ㑆ߩᲧ₸ߦᓥ߁ޕޠ(Ibid.,p.38)ޔޟࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߦઃ㓐ߔࠆᦨᄢߩᄤᕺߩ ৻ߟߛߣᒰὼ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ⼾ንߥ᳓ߦ⒘ዋᕈࠍഃࠆߎߣࠍߘࠎߥ࿖ߩንࠍჇടߐߖࠆᚻ Ბߣߒߡឭ᩺ߔߴ߈ߛߣߒߡ̖ߘࠎߥડ↹⠪߇⻉୘ੱߩንߩ㓸ว૕ߩჇടߦᚑഞߔࠆℂዮ ߦߥࠆߎߣߪ⏕߆ߛޕߥߗߥࠄޔ᦭↪ߢᅢ߹ߒ޿⾰ࠍߥ߅଻ᜬߒߡ޿ࠆ᳓ߦޔ⒘ዋߦሽ࿷ ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ⅣႺࠍട߃ࠆߣ޿߁⹤ߥߩߛ߆ࠄޔᒰὼޔ᳓ߦଔ୯߇᝼ߌࠄࠇߨ߫ߥࠄߥ ޿ޕߘߒߡޔ޿ߞߚࠎ᳓߇ଔ୯ࠍᓧࠆ㓙ߦߪޔ࿯࿾߆ࠄߩ޽ࠆ৻ቯᐕᢙߩ↢↥㜞ଔ୯ࠍ㘩 ♳ࠍ↢↥ߒߡ޿ࠆ࿯࿾ߩᚲ᦭ଔᩰߣߒߡᜰቯߔࠆߩߣหߓⅣႺ߇ޔ╬ߒߊޔᴰߩ޽ࠆ৻ቯ ᐕᢙߦࠊߚࠆ↢↥㜞ߩଔ୯ࠍ㘶ᢱࠍ↢↥ߔࠆᴰߩᚲ᦭ଔᩰߣߒߡᜰቯߔࠆ⹤ߛޕ߆ࠃ߁ߥ ࠊߌߢޔోߡߩ੗ᚭߩන⚐ਇേ↥ᮭߩଔ୯ಽޔߘߩ࿖ߩ⻉୘ੱߩን߇Ⴧ߿ߐࠇࠆℂዮߛޕޠ (Ibid.,pp.43-45)ޔߎࠇࠄߪޔဋⴧߣ⒘ዋᕈ᭎ᔨ߇⏕┙ߒߡ޿ߚߎߣࠍ⴫ࠊߔޕ  Leonard(1994)ߪޔޟBertrand,J.߇ 1883 ᐕߩ ThGQTKGOCVJGOCVKSWGFGNCTKEJGUUG UQEKCNG ߩਛߢޔࠢ࡯࡞ࡁ࡯ᓳභ⺰ߪޔᢙ㊂ࠃࠅ߽߻ߒࠈޔଔᩰ߇ㆡಾߥㆬᛯᄌᢙߦߥߞߡ ޿ࠆߣỗߒߊᛕ್ߒߚޕ̖ᓳභ⺰ࠍ৻ጀ♖ኒߦߔࠆߩߦ߆߆ࠊߞߚ⻉⺰ߩਛߢޔࠛ࠶ࠫࡢ ࡯ࠬ 'FIGYQTVJ ߪ⾌↪਄᣹ࠍዉ౉ߒߚޕޠ .GQPCTF  R ߣ 4GEJGTEJGUUWTNGU RTKPEKRGUOCVJGOCVKSWGUFGNCVJGQTKGFGUTKEJGUUGU  ౏ೀ⋥ᓟߩ෻㗀ࠍ⸃⺑ߔࠆޕ  Bertrand ߩᛕ್ߪᰴߩㅢࠅޕޟห⾰ߩᄤὼᴰࠍᚲ᦭ߒޔઁߦ┹੎⠪߇ዬࠆᔃ㈩߽ߥ޿ੑੱ ߩ⁛භᮭᚲ᦭⠪㑆ߩ㑵੎ߩ⎇ⓥߩ㘃ߛޕᓐ╬ߩ㑐ᔃߪޔឭ៤ࠍ▽ߊޔ޽ࠆ޿ߪዋߥߊߣ߽ޔ ౒ㅢଔᩰࠍ⸳ቯߒޔ⾈ᚻ㆐߆ࠄᦨᄢ౒ㅢ೑⋉ࠍᓧࠆߎߣߦ޽ࠆߣ޿߁⹤ߛޔߒ߆ߒޔߎߩ ⸃ߪᜎุߐࠇࠆޕ┹੎⠪ߩ߁ߜߩ৻ੱ߇ޔ⾈ᚻࠍ߭߈ߟߌࠃ߁ߣᓐߩଔᩰࠍᒁਅߍࠆߛࠈ ߁ޔ߽߁৻ੱߪ⾈ᚻࠍขࠅᚯߘ߁ߣଔᩰࠍ৻ጀਅߍࠆߛࠈ߁ߣޔࠢ࡯࡞ࡁ࡯ߪផ᷹ߔࠆޕ ߐࠄߥࠆଔᩰᒁਅߍ߇ޔߤߜࠄߦ߽ޔ߽ߪ߿૗߽߽ߚࠄߐߥߊߥࠆ߹ߢޔᓐ╬ߪ⛯ߌࠆߛ ࠈ߁ޕ̖ੑੱߩ┹੎⠪㆐ߦࠃߞߡᄁࠄࠇࠆ㊂ࠍዉ౉ߒޔߘࠇࠄࠍ⁛┙ᄌᢙߣߒߡᛒߞߡ޿ ࠆࠁ߃ߦޔ৻ੱߩᚲ᦭⠪ߩᗧᔒࠍㅢߓߡ৻ᣇߩ㊂߇ߚ߹ߚ߹ᄌൻߒߟߟޔઁᣇߪਇᄌߩ߹ ߹ᄌࠊࠄߥ޿ߣ޿߁⹤ࠍᓐߪ઒ቯߒߡ޿ࠆޕޠ(Martin(1993),pp.35-36) ਄ㅀߩࡠ࡯࠳࡯࠺࡯࡞߆ࠄޔଔ୯ߩᔅⷐ᧦ઙߢ޽ࠆޟ᦭↪ߢᅢ߹ߒ޿⾰ޠޔ⸒޿឵߃ࠇ߫

－71－ ല↪ߦޔ⥄↱⽷↢↥ⷐ⚛ߦන⚐ਇേ↥ᮭޔBertrand ߩ⸒߁⁛භᮭᚲ᦭ޔࠍ⹺߼ߡߘࠇࠍ⾗ ᧄൻߒߡޔ⥄↱⽷߇⒘ዋᕈࠍᜬߜචಽ᧦ઙ߇ḩߚߐࠇࠆߣߔࠆഭ௛ଔ୯⺰ᛕ್ߩౝߩᄤὼ ᴰߣ޿߁↢↥ⷐ⚛ߩ⁛භߣ⾗ᧄൻࠍၮߦޔⶄභߩ౏ᑼൻࠍࠢ࡯࡞ࡁ࡯ߪ᳞߼ߚߣᕁ߁ޕ Bertrand ߩᓟඨㇱಽߪࡈࠖ࠶ࠪࡖ࡯Fisher,I.߇ߘߩ߹߹〯ⷅߔࠆޕޟ⸽᣿ߩਛߦ⊒⷗ߐࠇࠆ ⺋ࠅߪޔฦ୘ੱߪᓐߩ࡜ࠗࡃ࡞↢↥㊂ߪ৻ቯߛߣߔࠆ઒ቯߦᓥߞߡⴕേߒޔᦨᄢ೑Ảࠍ⏕ ଻ߔࠆ᭽ߥ⥄りߩ↢↥㊂⺞ᢛߛߌߦദ߼ࠆޕޠߣ޿߁ᓐߩ೨ឭߩਛߦ޽ࠆޕ(Ibid.,p.24)

2. ࠛ࠶ࠫࡢ࡯ࠬࡏ࠶ࠢࠬߦዷ㐿

 ޟㇱಽဋⴧಽᨆߩߚ߼ߦଏ⛎ߣ㔛ⷐߩࠣ࡜ࡈ߇৻⥸⊛ߦ␜ߐࠇߚߩߪࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ᵹߣߒ ߡ⍮ࠄࠇࠆ̖߇ޔߘߩ᭎ᔨޔ᣿⏕ߥ⴫⃻ߘߒߡᢙቇ⊛⺑᣿ߢߩ㗅ᐨߢߪࠢ࡯࡞ࡁ࡯߇వߛޕ ̖ࠢ࡯࡞ࡁ࡯ߣઁߩ 19 ਎♿ߩቇ⠪㆐ߪޔㇱಽဋⴧಽᨆ߇৻ߟߩ․೎ߥ႐วࠍ␜ߔߎߣߣޔ ᄙ㊀Ꮢ႐⋧੕૞↪߇ߘߩㆡಾߥ৻⥸ൻߛߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍℂ⸃ߒߚޕߒ߆ߒޔቢోߥ৻⥸ဋⴧ ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍᓐ╬ߪቯᑼൻߒߥ߆ߞߚޕޠ(Starr(1997),p.7)ޕޟ̖┹੎⊛ଔᩰฃኈⴕേߪᄙᢙߩ⾈ ᚻߣᄁᚻ߇ዬࠆ⥰บⵝ⟎ߦߣߡ߽ㆡಾߛ̖৻⥸ဋⴧℂ⺰ߩㅴᱠߩᄢ߈ߥᲑ㓏ߪޔࠛ࠶ࠫࡢ ࡯ࠬߩ੤ᷤࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ♖ኒߦ઀਄ߍࠆߎߣߛ̖࠼࠘ࡉ࡝ࡘ࡯╬ߪࠛ࠶ࠫࡢ࡯ࠬߩޔ৻ߟߩᄢ ⚻ᷣߦ߅ߌࠆޔଔᩰฃኈဋⴧߩ╬ଔ᭎ᔨߣᄙㄝߥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߣ୘ੱߩ੤ᷤߩ⚿ᨐࠍ⺰⸽ߒ ߚޕޠ(Ibid.,pp.8-9)ޕޟࠛ࠶ࠫࡢ࡯ࠬࡏ࠶ࠢࠬߦ߅ߌࠆല₸⊛㈩ಽ̖ߪޔኅ⸘ 1 ෸߮ኅ⸘ 2 ߩήᏅ೎ᦛ✢ߩ௑߈߇৻⥌ߔࠆὐޔੑߟߩᦛ✢ߩធὐߢ↢ߓࠆޕߎࠇࠄߩὐߩ㓸วߪޔߘ ߎߢޔߘߩࡏ࠶ࠢࠬౝߩࡄ࡟࡯࠻ല₸㈩ಽߩ㓸วߛޕᦼ㚂ߩၮᧄ⽷↥ὐࠍㅢࠆੑߟߩήᏅ ೎ᦛ✢ߩ㑆ߩ࡟ࡦ࠭ဳ㗔ၞߦ࿷ࠆޔࡄ࡟࡯࠻ല₸ὐߪޔ̖ၮᧄ⽷↥߆ࠄല₸㈩ಽ߳ߣ⥄⊒ ⊛੤ᷤ߇㆐ߔࠆߴ߈ὐߛޕ̖ਔኅ⸘ߪ৻ᧄߩ౒ㅢߩ੍▚✢ߦ㕙ߒߡ޿ࠆޕޠ(Ibid.,pp.25-27)ޕ ࠛ࠶ࠫࡢ࡯ࠬࡏ࠶ࠢࠬߩ᳓ᐔゲࠍഭ௛㧩㧙૛ᥜޔု⋥ゲࠍ⽷㧩㧙࿷ᐶߦޔ⽎㒢ߩධ⷏ᣇේ ὐࠍኅ⸘ߩේὐޔർ᧲ᣇේὐࠍડᬺߩේὐߣߒߡޔฦޘߩ╬㊂✢ࡑ࠶ࡊࠍหߓᐔ㕙ߦឬߌ ߫ޔ㩥㩕㩨㩧㩉㩧㩂㩣㨺㩉㨺⚻ᷣ(Ibid.,pp.9-20)ߩㅴൻဳߢޔ⽻ᐊࠍ੺࿷ߐߖߥ޿੤឵⚻ᷣߩੑߟߩਥ ૕ࠍߘߩోߡߣߔࠆ⚻ᷣߩ৻⥸ဋⴧࡕ࠺࡞ߦ᭴ᗐน⢻ߛޕࠢ࡯࡞ࡁ࡯ⶄභࡕ࠺࡞ߩੑੱࠥ ࡯ࡓߪㇱಽဋⴧಽᨆߛ߇ޔࠛ࠶ࠫࡢ࡯ࠬࡏ࠶ࠢࠬߩߘࠇߪ৻⥸ဋⴧಽᨆ߳ߣ᜛ᒛ಴᧪ࠆޕ ߐࠄߦޔ਄ㅀߩഭ௛㧩㧙૛ᥜࠍ᛽⽎⊛ഭ௛(cf. Krause(1979))ߦ઒ቯߔࠆߣޔ㑆ធല↪ߣࡠ ࠗߩᕡ╬ᑼޔଔᩰߩ㒢⇇ല↪¸ᚲᓧߩ㒢⇇ല↪㧩㧙㔛ⷐ(↰ਛ(2009)ޔ95 㗁)ࠃࠅ㔛ⷐ߇᛽⽎ ⊛ഭ௛ߩ㑐ᢙߣߒߡឬߌ(᧖ᧄ(2009a)ޔ62 㗁)ޔn ⽷ߩ⿥ᐔ㕙ߦߐࠇࠆࠛ࠶ࠫࡢ࡯ࠬࡏ࠶ࠢ ࠬߪޔ᛽⽎⊛ഭ௛ࠍ࠾ࡘࡔ࡟࡯࡞ߦណ↪ߔࠆ৻⥸ဋⴧℂ⺰ߩ૕♽ߣߥࠆޕ ᦼ㚂ߩၮᧄ⽷↥ὐߢߪੑߟߩኅ⸘ߩ㒢⇇ઍᦧ₸߇⋧㆑ߔࠆߚ߼ޔੑᧄߩήᏅ೎ᦛ✢ߪ੤Ꮕ ߔࠆޕࡄ࡟࡯࠻ല₸ὐߪޔੑߟߩήᏅ೎ࡑ࠶ࡊࠍේὐࠍኻ⒓ߦ㊀ߨߚ╬㊂✢ߩធὐߩ゠〔 ߣቯ⟵ߐࠇࠆᄾ⚂ᦛ✢਄ߩ৻ὐߥߩߢޔੑᧄߩήᏅ೎ᦛ✢߇੕޿ߦធߒߡ߅ࠅޔੑߟߩኅ ⸘ߩ㒢⇇ઍᦧ₸ߪ╬ߒ޿ޕੑᧄߩᦛ✢߇ធߒߡ޿ࠆߥࠄ߫ޔߘࠇࠄߪ৻ᧄߩ౒ㅢߩធ✢ࠍ ᜬߜޔ૛ធ᧦ઙߦࠃࠅޔห৻ᣇะ޽ࠆ޿ߪ⌀ㅒᣇะࠍ␜ߔᴺ✢߽ᜬߟ

－72－ (Ostaszewski(1993),p.361)ޕ㨬ߤߩὐߢ޽ࠇޔߘߩὐࠍㅢࠆ╬ല↪㊂✢ߦኻߔࠆᴺ✢ᣇะߢޔ ല↪ߪᦨㅦߢ਄᣹ߔࠆޕ᣿ࠄ߆ߦޔหߓℂ⺰߇ޔ෼౉ᦛ✢ޔ⾌↪ᦛ✢╬ߦలߡߪ߹ࠆޕ㨭ਃ ᰴరߩ┙ᣇะߦല↪㊂╬ߩゲࠍឬߌ߫ޔޟᦨ߽ᕆߥᓘ〝(ߔߥࠊߜᦨᄢߩ‛ℂ⊛൨㈩ࠍᜬߟᓘ

〝)ߪ╬㜞✢ߦኻߔࠆᴺ✢ᣇะߢ↢ߓࠆޕ̖╬㜞✢ߦኻߔࠆធ✢ᣇะߪઁߩᭂ┵ߛޕޠ ﹇第一日目﹈ (Ibid.,pp.374-375)ޕኅ⸘ 1 ߩ╬㊂✢ࠍ uޔኅ⸘ 2 ߩ╬㊂✢ࠍ v ߢᮡ⸥ߔࠆߣޔ 第三会場 (УWУSУWУS 㧩ШW㧩ǴШX㧩Ǵ УXУSУXУS   ߛޕߔߥࠊߜ╬ല↪㊂✢߇ ធߒߡ޿ࠆὐߢਔኅ⸘ߩല↪߇ᦨㅦߢ਄᣹ߒޔᄾ⚂ᦛ✢ࠍᗧ⟵ߠߌࠆޕଔᩰࡌࠢ࠻࡞ߪޟ੍ ▚ᐔ㕙ߦ⋥੤ߔࠆޕ̖৻ߟߩᐔ㕙ߦ⋥੤ߒߡ޿ࠆࡌࠢ࠻࡞ߢ޽ࠇ߫ޔߘߩᐔ㕙ߦኻߔࠆᴺ ✢ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆޕ޽ࠆ޿ߪᴺ✢⊛ߦߘߩᐔ㕙ߦะ߁ߣ⸒ࠊࠇࠆޕੑᰴరߢߪޔห᭽ߦޔ৻ߟ ߩࡌࠢ࠻࡞߇৻ᧄߩ⋥✢ߦ⋥੤ߢ޽ࠆᤨߦޔߘߩ⋥✢ߦኻߒߘߩࡌࠢ࠻࡞ߪᴺ✢ߢ޽ࠆߣ ⸒߁ޕޠ +DKFR ޕࠁ߃ߦޔ ШW㧩ǴШX㧩 22   ߛޕ㒶㑐ᢙߩല↪㑐ᢙߔߥࠊ ߜ╬ല↪㊂✢ࠍᓸಽߔࠆߣ㒢⇇ઍᦧ₸㧩FSFS 㧩  У W У S  У W У S ߛ ޕ +DKF ޕޟήᏅ೎ᦛ✢߇੍▚✢ߦធߔࠆὐߢᦨㆡᶖ⾌᧤߇㆐ᚑߐࠇࠆᤨޔ 㒢⇇ઍᦧ₸㧩22 ߢߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ޕޠ +DKFR ޕ㒢⇇ઍᦧ₸߇ੑߟߩኅ⸘㑆ߢ⋧ ㆑ߔࠆᦼ㚂ၮᧄ⽷↥ὐߪޔ 22 㧩ШWҁǴШX㧩 22  ߣଔᩰวᗧ߇ᓧࠄࠇߥ޿ޕ  ၮᧄ⽷↥ὐ߆ࠄࡄ࡟࡯࠻ല₸ὐ߳േߊㆊ⒟ߪޔၮᧄ⽷↥ὐߢ⋧㆑ߔࠆੑߟߩኅ⸘㑆ߩ㒢 ⇇ઍᦧ₸ࠍᜬߟฦޘߩ╬㊂✢ߩធ✢ߢ޽ࠆ੍▚✢߇ޔ߹ߕޔ੕޿ߦᐔⴕߦߥࠆ᭽ߦ࿁ォߒ ߡޔၮᧄ⽷↥ὐߢ੤Ꮕߔࠆੑᧄߩ╬㊂✢㑆ߢ㒢⇇ઍᦧ₸ࠍ౒ㅢߦߔࠆᐳᮡ߹ߢฦޘߩ╬㊂ ✢਄ߦᴪߞߡ⒖േߔࠆޕੑᧄߩ╬㊂✢ߦኻߔࠆ࠾ᧄߩ੕޿ߦᐔⴕߥ੍▚✢߇ࠛ࠶ࠫࡢ࡯ࠬ ࡏ࠶ࠢࠬߦឬ߆ࠇࠆޕߘߎ߹ߢߩ⒖േߪޔଔᩰᲧ₸ߩᄌൻߛߌߦଐ᜚ߔࠆߩߢଔᩰലᨐߣ ๭ߴࠆޕᰴߦޔߘࠇࠄੑᧄߩᐔⴕߔࠆ੍▚✢߇ޔࡄ࡟࡯࠻ല₸ὐ߳ࠪࡈ࠻ߒޔฦޘߩኅ⸘ ߦߣߞߡၮᧄ⽷↥ὐࠍㅢㆊߔࠆ╬㊂✢ࠃࠅ߽਄૏ߩ╬㊂✢߇౒᦭ߔࠆ৻ᧄߩធ✢ߦว⥌ߐ ߖࠄࠇࠆޕߎߩࠪࡈ࠻ߪޔଔᩰᲧ₸ߩᄌൻߩലᨐࠍ࠺ࡈ࡟࡯ߣߒߚᓟߩ⽷↥ߩⓍ▚⺞ᢛߥ ߩߢታ⾰ലᨐߣ๭ߴࠆޕડᬺߩ╬↥಴㊂✢ߦߟ޿ߡ߽ห᭽ߦ⠨߃ࠄࠇޔታ⾰ലᨐߦࠃࠆ੍ ▚✢ߩࠪࡈ࠻ߪޔߘߩ႐วޔ✚⾌↪ߩ਄᣹ߣ⸃㉼಴᧪ࠆޕࠛ࠶ࠫࡢ࡯ࠬࡏ࠶ࠢࠬߢߪޔή Ꮕ೎ࡑ࠶ࡊࠍർ᧲ᣇේὐߦ⟎޿ߡޔరߩήᏅ೎ࡑ࠶ࡊߦ㊀ߨวࠊߖࠆߎߣߢኻ⒓ᕈࠍᓧࠆޕ రߩήᏅ೎ࡑ࠶ࡊ߇⴫ࠊߔㆬᅢߣࡎࡕ࠮࠹ࠖ࠶ࠢ *GPFGTUQPGV CN  R ߢ޽ࠇ ߫ޔࡄ࡟࡯࠻ല₸ὐߪ␜ߐࠇޔ੤ᷤ⠪ߩㆬᅢߪᐨᢙ⊛ߦ⺑᣿ߐࠇࠆޕ 4QVJ  R ޕ   ࠥ࡯ࡓℂ⺰㑐ㅪ  ࠢ࡯࡞ࡁ࡯ⶄභࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪޔ࡜ࠗࡃ࡞ߩ↢↥㊂ࠍ⁛┙ᄌᢙߦߔࠆ෻ᔕ㑐ᢙ߇૶ࠊࠇޔ ▵ ߩ $GTVTCPF ߪޔࠢ࡯࡞ࡁ࡯౏ᑼߪ౒ㅢଔᩰ⸳ቯࠍ઒ቯߔࠆޔ޽ࠆ޿ߪଔᩰᒁਅߍ┹੎ࠍ㓝 ߒߡ޿ࠆߣᛕ್ߒߚޕᦨㄭߩ↥ᬺ⚻ᷣቇߩੑੱࠥ࡯ࡓࠍߺࠆߣ࡜ࠗࡃ࡞߇⋥㕙ߒߡ޿ࠆଔ ᩰࠍ෻ᔕ㑐ᢙߩ⁛┙ᄌᢙߣߒߡޔࡊ࡟ࠗࡗ࡯㑆ߢଔᩰࠍဋ╬ߦߔࠆ᭽ߦ෻ᔕ㑐ᢙߢ৻⥌ߐ ߖޔဋⴧࠍ⺑᣿ߒߡ߅ࠅ +PPGUGVCN  R ޔ$GTVTCPF ߩᛕ್ࠍฃߌߚᒻߛޕߐ

－73－ ࠄߦޔࠢ࡯࡞ࡁ࡯ࡕ࠺࡞߇ᝥ⽎ߒߚ⽷ߩ㔛ⷐਥ૕ߩㆬᅢߦ㑐ߒߡޔ᳓ᐔ⊛Ꮕ೎ൻߩࡎ࠹࡝ ࡦࠣࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ࠻࠘࡯࡞ߦ⵬ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ +DKFRޔ᧖ᧄ D ޕ  $GTVTCPF ߇ᛕ್ߔࠆޔࠢ࡯࡞ࡁ࡯ߪផ᷹ߒߥ߇ࠄޔ౏ᑼߢ㓝ߒߡ޿ࠆ฽ᗧ⊛઒ቯߪޔޟ ⶄ භ⠪ߪ ᓐ╬ߩ↢↥㊂ߢ↢↥ߒߚᓟߦޔ┹੎߇ޔ⿥ㆊ㔛ⷐߩߥ޿᳓Ḱߦଔᩰࠍᒁਅߍࠆߛࠈ ߁ޕޠ *QNV  R ߣ޿߁߽ߩߛ߇ޔޟⶄභߩਅߢߐ߃ޔቢో┹੎߇⏕┙ߐࠇࠆᕋߒ ޿฽ᗧߛߣᜎ⛘ޠߔࠆ⼏⺰߽޽ࠆ +DKF ޕޟ╙৻Ბ㓏ߢડᬺ߇หᤨߦ↢↥⢻ജࠍㆬቯߒߡޔ ↢↥⢻ജ߇ⷰኤߐࠇߚᓟߦޔ╙ੑᲑ㓏ߢଔᩰࠍㆬᛯߔࠆੑᲑࠥ࡯ࡓߢଔᩰߣ㊂ߩࠢ࡯࡞ࡁ ࡯⚿ᨐࠍ߽ߚࠄߔߩߪ̖ታ㛎ⷙೣߩᚻ㗅ߦଔᩰ᳿ቯࠍᄖ↢⊛ߦ⚵ߺㄟ߻⋡⊛ߦޠ +DKF ㆡ ߁ޕ ᐕߩ %QORGVKVKQP#OQPIVJG(GY ߩ (GNNPGT ߩޔ⋧ᚻߩ෻ᔕᦛ✢߇ࠊ߆ࠇ߫ޔ⥄ ಽߩ෻ᔕᦛ✢਄ࠍ㔌ࠇޔ⋧ᚻߩ෻ᔕᦛ✢਄ߢ೑Ảࠍᦨᄢߦߔࠆߛࠈ߁߆ࠄޔ෻ᔕᦛ✢੤ὐ ߩဋⴧߦߪ⥋ࠄߥ޿ߣߩᛕ್ .GQPCTF  RR ߽ޔ਄ㅀ࠾Ბࠥ࡯ࡓ╙৻Ბ㓏ߦ ⇐߹ࠅޟ࠽࠶ࠪࡘဋⴧ಴⃻೨ᄛߩࠢ࡯࡞ࡁ࡯ಽᨆߩ࿾૏ޠ +DKF ࠍ෻ᤋߔࠆޕ  5JWDKM ߩ  ᐕߩ 5VTCVGI[CPF/CTMGV5VTWEVWTG ߇ޟ࠽࠶ࠪࡘ߇㕖දജဋⴧࠍ૞ࠆ ߿ุ߿ޔࠢ࡯࡞ࡁ࡯߇࠽࠶ࠪࡘߦవⴕߒߚߎߣ߇ߪߞ߈ࠅߒߡ̖㊀ⷐߥߩߪ෻ᔕ㑐ᢙߩ੤ ὐߛޕޠ +DKFRR ߣ޿߁⠨߃ᣇ߆ࠄޔࠢ࡯࡞ࡁ࡯ⶄභࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ⚐☴ᚢ⇛㕒ቇࡕ࠺ ࡞ߣߺࠆ ↰ਛ  ޔ 㗁 ߎߣ߇ቯ⌕ߒߚޕ৻ᣇޔ(GNNPGT ߇ᛕ್ߩ᜚ᚲߣߒߚޟੑ ੱߩ↢↥⠪߇ฦ⥄ߩᦼ㑆ߦߣ߽ߦ⒖േߒߥ߇ࠄޔหᤨߦ᳿ቯࠍߒߡޔᓐࠄ߇᳗ਭߦᓳᏫࠍ ᒝ޿ࠄࠇࠆဋⴧߦᤨ㑆ࠍㅢߓߡ⥋ࠆޠ .GQPCTF  R ޔ޿ࠊ߫ޔᄙ㊀ᦼ㑆ߩ⹜ⴕ㍲ ⺋ဳേቇ +DKFR ߪޔޟࠢ࡯࡞ࡁ࡯ߪᣢߦޔࡌࠬ࠻ᔕ╵േቇߣߒߡ੹ᣣ⍮ࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩ ࠍឭ᩺ߒߚޕߘߩࡌࠬ࠻ᔕ╵േቇߪޔઁߩࡊ࡟ࠗࡗ࡯ߩవߩ↢↥㊂ߦኻߔࠆޔࡌࠬ࠻ߥᔕ ╵ࠍㆬᛯߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡޔࡊ࡟ࠗࡗ࡯߇ᓐ╬ߩᢙ㊂ࠍหᤨߦ⺞ᢛߔࠆޕߎߩേቇ߇෼᧤ ߔࠆᐲߦ࠽࠶ࠪࡘဋⴧߦ෼᧤ߔࠆߎߣߪኈᤃߦ⍮ࠇࠆޕޠ *WEMGVCN  R% ߣޔ Ყセ㕒ቇဋⴧߢᝥ⽎ߐࠇࠆࡊ࡟ࠗࡗ࡯ߩ⺞ᢛࠍ⵬߁߆ߩ᭽ߦޔታ㛎⚻ᷣቇߢ࠽࠶ࠪࡘဋⴧ ߦ⥋ࠆࡌࠬ࠻ᔕ╵േቇߣߒߡಽᨆߐࠇࠆޕࠢ࡯࡞ࡁ࡯ߪ෻ᔕ㑐ᢙߢޔࡌࠬ࠻ᔕ╵േቇߦవ ⴕߔࠆޔቇ⠌ࠍᡆ߃ߚ࠻࠘࡯࡞ࠍណࠅ౉ࠇߚߣ⹏ଔ಴᧪ࠆߣᕁ߁ޕ  ቇ⠌ߣㆡᔕⴕേߦ߅ߌࠆᮨ୮ߪޔ⹺⍮⊛ᾫ✵ࠍᄙߊߪᔅⷐߣߖߕޔᖱႎ޽ࠆ޿ߪℂ⸃߇ ᱴࠎߤߥ޿⁁ᴫߢߩ᳿ቯᒻᚑߩߚ߼ߩ⚛ᣧߊ⾰⚛ߥ⊒⷗⊛ᣇᴺߣߐࠇࠆߎߣ߆ࠄޔ $QUEJ&QOGPGEJGVCN  ߪޔࠢ࡯࡞ࡁ࡯Ꮢ႐ߢડᬺ߇ᄢ㔀ᛠߦ৻ጀᚑഞ⊛ડᬺࠍᮨ୮ ߔࠆߎߣߦᾖࠄߒߡޔኻ⒓ࠢ࡯࡞ࡁ࡯Ꮢ႐ߩታ㛎ࠍⴕߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕᏒ႐ߩ⚿ᨐࠍޔᮨ୮ߩ ޽ࠅᓧࠆሽ࿷ߩߚ߼ߩ৻૏ߩઍℂᄌᢙߣߺߥߔߎߣࠍ೨ឭߦޔ✢ᒻߢฝਅ߇ࠅߩㅒ㔛ⷐ㑐 ᢙޔ✢ᒻߢฝ਄߇ࠅߩ⾌↪㑐ᢙߘߒߡࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ⊛┹੎↢↥᳓Ḱߢ೑Ảᱜࠍ઒ቯߒߡޔⶄභ ߣਃ⠪⁛භߦߟ޿ߡㅪ⛯  ᦼ㑆ߩࡊ࡟ࠗࠍታ㛎ߒߡ޿ࠆޕޟߘߩ㕒ቇࠢ࡯࡞ࡁ࡯ࠥ࡯ࡓߢ ߪޔਃߟߩኻ⒓⚐☴ᚢ⇛߇ಽᨆ࿑ߦベㇳࠍߪߞ߈ࠅᶋ߈਄߇ࠄߖࠆޕޠ $QUEJ&QOGPGEJGV CN  R ޕਃߟߩᚢ⇛ߢࡄ࡟࡯࠻ 2 ߇දജࠥ࡯ࡓޔࠢ࡯࡞࡮࠽࠶ࠪࡘ 0 ߇㕖ද ജࠥ࡯ࡓߘߒߡࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ 9 ߇ኦභଔᩰ㔛⛎ဋ╬┹੎ߣߘࠇࠄߩ㑆ߢࡊ࡝࠭࠽࡯ߩࠫ࡟ࡦ ࡑ߇฽ᗧߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ ᦼ㑆ߩㅪ⛯ࡊ࡟ࠗߩേቇࠍ৻ߟߩဋⴧߦ⥋ࠆ෼᧤ࠍಽᨆߔࠆ㕒ቇ

－74－ ࠥ࡯ࡓߣ⺑᣿ߐࠇߚޕޟ ଀߃߫ޔᚑഞⴕേߩᮨ୮ࠍㅢߓߡ ࡊ࡟ࠗࡗ࡯㆐߇ࡢ࡞࡜ࠬᣇߦേ ߈ᆎ߼ࠇ߫ޔ৻ጀ㜞޿೑Ảࠍታ⃻น⢻ߥߣߎࠈߦߟ޿ߡޔᓐ╬⥄りߩ⚻㛎ࠍㅢߓߡޔᓐ╬ ߪᄙߊߩ⸽᜚ࠍ⫾Ⓧߒߡ߈ߚߩߢޔ‛੐߇਄ᚻߊ޿߆ߥ޿ߎߣߦ᳇ߠߊޕߘࠇࠁ߃ޔࡊ࡟

ࠗࡗ࡯㆐ߪℂ↱ࠍቢోߦߪℂ⸃ߒߥ޿߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿߇ޔߐࠄߦࡢ࡞࡜ࠬᣇߦㅴ߻ߎߣߦ᳇ ﹇第一日目﹈ ਸ਼ࠅߒߥߊߥࠆ̖ⵍ㛎⠪㆐ߪ೙㒢⊛ߦวℂ⊛ߢ޽ࠅᓧࠆ߆ࠄޔߥ߅ޔᓐࠄߩ໧㗴⸃᳿⢻ജ 第三会場 ࠍ૶޿ᆎ߼ߥ߇ࠄޔઁ⠪ߩⴕὑߦኻߔࠆᔕ╵ߩో⫾߃ࠍ᦭ߔࠆޕޠ +DKFRR ޕᮨ ୮ࠍ৻⒳ߩቇ⠌ߣߒࠢ࡯࡞ࡁ࡯෻ᔕᦛ✢ߩ⋧ૃ‛ࠍ᳞߼ࠆ߇㑐ᢙ㐿⊒ߦߪ⥋ߞߡ޿ߥ޿ޕ  ୘ੱߩวℂᕈߪޔฦੱߩౝ㕙⊛৻⽾ᕈࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆߩߢ޽ߞߡޔဋⴧߦᔅⷐߥࡊ࡟ࠗࡗ࡯ ⋧੕ߩ৻⽾ᕈࠍ฽ᗧߒߥ޿ߣߩⷰὐ߆ࠄ 8CP*W[EMGVCN  ߪޔဋⴧℂ⺰ࠍ⵬ቢߔࠆ ߚ߼ߦޔ⋧੕৻⽾ⴕേߩ࿃ߩℂ⸃ࠍ᳞߼ࠆޕޟ೨଀ߦၮߠ޿ߡ⋧੕ࡌࠬ࠻ᔕ╵⚿ᨐࠍㆬᛯߔ ࠆߦߪޔ⃻࿷ޔⷰኤน⢻ߥࠥ࡯ࡓߩ౒᦭ߐࠇࠆㆊ෰ߩ଀ߦ⋧ᒰ㘃ૃߒߚ․ᓽ߳ⴕὑ⠪߇⛉ ࠅㄟߺޔઁ⠪߇หߓ㘃ૃߦ⛉ࠅㄟ߻ߎߣࠍᦼᓙߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߛޕޠ 8CP*W[EMGV CN  R ޕߒ߆ߒޔᖡᗧⴕേ $QUEJ&QOGPGEJGVCN  R ╬ߢޟ෻ᓳࠥ ࡯ࡓߩೋᦼߦⵍ㛎⠪߇೨଀ࠍᦨㆡߦ૶ࠊߥߌࠇ߫ቇ⠌ߪᓐࠄߦ㔍ߒ޿ޕޠ 8CP*W[EMGV CN  R ޕߘߎߢޟ⚻㛎ߪ౒᦭ߒߥ޿߇ޔ߆߆ࠊߞߡ޿ࠆ⺕߽߇ޔหߓࠦࡒࡘ࠾ ࠹ࠖߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߢ޽ࠆ⁁ᴫߦޔᘠ଀߇೨଀ࠍ↢߻ޕ̖ၮᧄ⽷↥߇ኻ⒓ߥࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖߦਇ ဋ╬ಽ┙ᘠ଀ߩ಴⃻ޠ߽ⷰኤߐࠇߚ +DKF ޕߎߩㅴൻࠥ࡯ࡓߢޔ෻ᓳታ㛎േቇߩ෼᧤ߔࠆ ో૕⊛ߦ቟ቯߥ࿕ቯὐߪޔࠥ࡯ࡓߩᷙวᚢ⇛ဋⴧߩ⋧ᒰ‛ߣߐࠇࠆ +DKFR ޕ෻ᓳታ 㛎േቇߪᲣ㓸࿅േቇࡕ࠺࡞ߢޔ୘ੱߩਥⷰ⊛ⴕേߦ㑐ߒߡߪᔕ╵㑐ᢙ TGURQPUGHWPEVKQP ߇૶ࠊࠇޔ㕒ቇࡕ࠺࡞ߩ෻ᔕ㑐ᢙ TGCEVKQPHWPEVKQP ߆ࠄ඙೎ߐࠇࠆ +DKFRR ޕ  ෳ⠨ᢥ₂

$QUEJ&QOGPGEJ#CPF 8TKGPF,  +OKVCVKQP QH UWEEGUUHWN DGJCXKQWT KP %QWTPQV

OCTMGVU'EQPQOQKE,QWTPCNXQNRR *GPFGTUQP,CPF3WCPFV4  /KETQGEQPQOKE6JGQT[TFGF/E)TCY*KNN

*QNV%  +PFWUVTKCNQTICPK\CVKQPCUWTXG[QHNCDQTCVQT[TGUGCTEJKP-CIGNGVCN  6JG *CPFDQQMQH'ZRGTKOGPVCN'EQPQOKEURR2TKPEGVQP7PKXGTUKV[2TGUU *WEM5GVCN  .GCTPKPIKP%QWTPQVQNKIQRQN['EQPQOKE,QWTPCNXQNRR% +PPGU4 CPF *COKNVQP5  8GTVKECN TGUVTCKPVU CPF JQTK\QPVCN EQPVTQN4#0& ,QWTPCN QH

'EQPQOKEUXQNRR -TCWUG7  )GNFWPFCDUVTCMVG#TDGKV㇌⸶  ޡ⽻ᐊߣ᛽⽎⊛ഭ௛ޢޔਃ๺ᦠᚱ .CWFGTFCNG,  #PKPSWKT[KPVQVJGPCVWTGCPFQTKIKPQHRWDNKEYGCNVJTGD[-GNN[   .GQPCTF4  4GCFKPI %QWTPQVTGCFKPI 0CUJVJG ETGCVKQP CPF UVCDKNKUCVKQP QH VJG 0CUJ

GSWKNKDTKWO'EQPQOKE,QWTPCNXQNRR

/CTVKP5  #FXCPEGF+PFWUVTKCN'EQPQOKEU$NCEMYGNN

1UVCU\GYUMK#  /CVJGOCVKEUKP'EQPQOKEU$NCEMYGNN

－75－ 4QVJ#  +PVTQFWEVKQPVQGZRGTKOGPVCN'EQPQOKEUKP-CIGN  RR 5VCTT4  )GPGTCN'SWKNKDTKWO6JGQT[#PKPVTQFWEVKQP%CODTKFIG7PKXGTUKV[2TGUU 8CP*W[EM,$CVVCNKQ4CPF4CPMKP(  1PVJGQTKIKPQHEQPXGPVKQPGXKFGPEGHTQOEQQTFKPCVKQP

ICOGU'EQPQOKE,QWTPCNXQNRR ᧖ᧄ᣽ବ C ࠽࠶ࠪࡘဋⴧߩౣᬌ⸛ޔޡ⚻ᷣቇผቇળᄢળႎ๔㓸╙ ࿁ో࿖ᄢળޢޔ 㗁ޕ ᧖ᧄ᣽ବ D ု⋥ࡑ࡯࠴ࡖࡦ࠳ࠗࠫࡦࠣߦࠃࠆ᳓ᐔဳଔᩰ▤ℂߩࠗࡀࠬ࡮ࡂࡒ࡞࠻ࡦࡕ࠺࡞ߦ㑐ߔࠆ৻ ⠨ኤޔ OKOGQޡ╙  ࿁᦯ⵝ␠ળቇ⎇ⓥㇱળႎ๔ⷐᣦޢᢥൻᅚሶᄢቇ᦯ⵝ␠ળቇ⎇ⓥቶ  ↰ਛ㕏ੱ  ޡࡒࠢࡠ⚻ᷣቇ╙  ޢ OKOGQหᔒ␠ᄢቇ RFH ࡈࠔࠗ࡞

－76－ ᣇᴺ⺰⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ߩ⻉⋧

ේ⼱ ⋥᮸㧔[email protected]㧕

﹇第一日目﹈ 1. ߪߓ߼ߦ 第三会場 ᣇᴺ⺰⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ߪ⚻ᷣቇࠍߪߓ߼ߣߒߡ␠ળ⑼ቇో⥸ߦ߅޿ߡᐢߊណ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߦ ߽㑐ࠊࠄߕޔߘߩ↪ᴺߦߟ޿ߡߪ㕖Ᏹߦᄢ߈ߥᷙੂ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆޕᧄႎ๔ߢߪޔᣇᴺ⺰⊛୘

ੱਥ⟵ߩ⻉⋧ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ߁߃ߢޔߣࠅࠊߌ⑼ቇ⊛ㆶరਥ⟵ߣࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࡧࠖ࡯࠾ࠛࡦࠬ

ߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄಽᨆࠍⴕ޿ޔߘߎߢឭ␜ߐࠇߚ໧㗴ࠍਸ਼ࠅ⿧߃߁ࠆޔⓏஜߥᣇᴺ⺰⊛୘ੱ

ਥ⟵ߩน⢻ᕈࠍតࠆޕ

2. ᣇᴺ⺰ߣሽ࿷⺰ ޟᣇᴺ⺰⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ޠߪޔࠪࡘࡦࡍ࡯࠲࡯߇ߘߩ⴫⃻ࠍ↢ߺ಴ߒߡએ᧪ޔߘࠇࠍᠩ⼔ߔ

ࠆߦߖࠃޔᛕ್ߔࠆߦߖࠃޔ⚻ᷣቇ਄ߩ୘ੱਥ⟵ࠍ߼ߋࠆ⺰੎ߩਛᔃ⊛ߥ᭎ᔨߢ޽ࠅ⛯ߌ

ߡ߈ߚ 1ޕߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄᄙߊߩ႐วޔ⚐☴ߦޟᣇᴺ⺰ޠ⊛ߥ໧㗴ߩߺߥࠄߕޔሽ࿷⺰߿⹺⼂

⺰⊛ߥ໧㗴߇ᷙੂߒߚ߹߹ᬌ⸛ߩኻ⽎ߦ฽߹ࠇߡߒ߹ߞߡ߅ࠅޔߎࠇࠄ߇ᱜ⏕ߦ඙೎ߐࠇ

ߡ޿ࠆߎߣߪዋߥ޿ޕ଀߃߫ޔࡢ࠻ࠠࡦࠬߦࠃࠆฎౖ⊛ߥቯ⟵ߢߪޔᣇᴺ⺰⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ߣ

ߪޟ㧔㧝㧕ੱ㑆㧔ߣߘߩ‛ℂ⊛⾗ḮߣⅣႺ㧕ߩߺ߇ᱧผߦ߅ߌࠆ࿃ᨐ⊛ⷐ⚛ߢ޽ࠆޕ㧔㧞㧕

ߔߴߡߩ␠ળ⊛಴᧪੐ࠍੱ㑆⊛ⷐ࿃ߦࠃߞߡ⺑᣿ߖࠃ 2ޕޠߣ޿߁ੑߟߩ⸒᣿ߦࠃߞߡ᭴ᚑ

ߐࠇࠆ┙႐ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕ㧔㧝㧕ߪ᣿ࠄ߆ߦሽ࿷⺰ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⸒᣿ߢ޽ࠅޔ㧔㧞㧕ߪᣇᴺ⺰ߦ

㑐ߔࠆ⸒᣿ߢ޽ࠆޕࡢ࠻ࠠࡦࠬߪߎࠇࠄੑߟߩ⸒᣿߇ਇนಽߩ㑐ଥߦ޽ࠅޔ㧔㧝㧕ࠍㅌߌߕ

ߦ㧔㧞㧕ࠍୃᱜߔࠆߎߣߪਇน⢻ߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔߘࠇߪ⺋ࠅߛࠈ߁ޕ⺑᣿ኻ⽎ࠍ

޿߆ߦ⸥ㅀߒ⺑᣿ߔߴ߈߆㧔㧩ᣇᴺ⺰㧕ߣޔ⺑᣿ኻ⽎ࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆሽ࿷ࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦភቯߔ

ࠆ߆㧔㧩ሽ࿷⺰㧕ߪ೎⒳ߩ໧㗴ߣߒߡಾࠅಽߌࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠅޔ߹ߚߘ߁ߒߚ߶߁߇

ታࠅᄙ޿⼏⺰ߣߥࠆߪߕߢ޽ࠆ 3ޕߒ߆ߒޔᒰὼߩߎߣߥ߇ࠄਔ⠪ࠍ඙೎ߒߚߣߎࠈߢޔߘ

ࠇߙࠇߩ┙႐߇৻ᗧߦ᳿ቯߐࠇࠆࠊߌߢߪߥ޿ޕ

ᣇᴺ⺰⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ߩౝㇱߢ߽ޔ␠ળߦ㑐ߔࠆℂ⺰ߪߔߴߡ୘ੱਥ⟵⊛ߥℂ⺰ߦㆶరน⢻ ߢ޽ࠅޔ␠ળ⃻⽎ߩ⺑᣿ߪ୘ੱߩᕈ⾰߿㑐ଥᕈߩߺߦ⸒෸ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ߣ޿߁ᦨ߽

ᒝ޿ㆶరਥ⟵⊛ߥਥᒛ߽޽ࠇ߫ޔ୘ੱ߳ߩ⸒෸ߪ␠ળ⃻⽎ࠍ⺑᣿ߔࠆߚ߼ߩᔅⷐ᧦ઙߢ޽

ࠆߣߔࠆᒙ޿ቯᑼൻ߽ሽ࿷ߔࠆޕߘߩ⺑᣿⢻ജߦߟ޿ߡ߽ޔ␠ળ⃻⽎ߩ୘ੱਥ⟵⊛ߥ⺑᣿

1 ᣇᴺ⺰⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺰੎ߩᱧผ⊛ዷ㐿ߦߟ޿ߡߪ Udehn (2001)ࠍෳᾖޕ 2 Watkins (1959: 320). 3 ේ⼱㧔2005㧕ޔේ⼱㧔2009㧕ࠍෳᾖޕ

－77－ ߇ᦨ߽⦟޿⺑᣿ߢ޽ࠆߣߔࠆޟᦨ⦟ߩ⺑᣿㧔best explanation㧕ޠ⺑߆ࠄޔ␠ળ⃻⽎ߪ୘ੱ

ਥ⟵⊛ߥℂ⺰ߢㇱಽ⊛ߦ⺑᣿ߒ߁ࠆߣߔࠆޔㇱಽ⊛⺑᣿น⢻ᕈࠍਥᒛߔࠆ┙႐߹ߢ᏷ᐢ޿ޕ ߎࠇࠄ᭽ޘߥᣇᴺ⺰⊛ਥᒛߪޔℂ⺰ߦභ߼ࠆߴ߈୘ੱਥ⟵⊛ߥ⸥ㅀߩ⒟ᐲߣޔߘ߁ߒߚℂ

⺰߇ᜬߜ߁ࠆ⺑᣿⢻ജߣ޿߁ੑߟߩ⹏ଔゲߦࠃߞߡޔߘࠇߙࠇߦᒝᒙ߇඙೎಴᧪ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ

ሽ࿷⺰⊛୘ੱਥ⟵߽ห᭽ߦޔ୘ੱߣ޿߁ሽ࿷ߦઃਈߔࠆౝኈߦᔕߓߡޔߘߩᒝᒙࠍ඙೎ ߔࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ࠆޕᦨ߽ᒙ޿ሽ࿷⺰⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ߩਥᒛߪޔ␠ળ߿㓸࿅߆ࠄಽ㔌ߒ߁ࠆ߆ߚ

ߜߢޔㇱಽ⊛ߦߖࠃޔ୘ੱ߇⥄ᓞ⊛ߦⴕേߔࠆਥ૕ߣߒߡሽ࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߎࠇߪ᭽ޘߥታ࿷ߩ৻⒳ߣߒߡ୘ੱࠍᗐቯߔߴߒߣ޿߁ਥᒛߢ޽ࠅޔ␠ળ᭴ㅧ߿ࡑࠢࡠ⊛

ᴺೣᕈߩታ࿷ࠍᔅߕߒุ߽ቯߒߥ޿ޕ৻ᣇޔᦨ߽ᒝ޿ሽ࿷⺰⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ߪޔ␠ળ⃻⽎ࠍᒁ

߈⿠ߎߔߔߴߡߩⷐ࿃ߪฦ୘ੱߦౝ࿷ߔࠆᕈ⾰ߣᗧᔒߢ޽ߞߡޔߘߩઁߦ૗ࠄߩታ࿷߽⹺

߼ߥ޿ߣ޿߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠅޔㅢᏱࠕ࠻ࡒ࠭ࡓߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ┙႐ߦ⹥ᒰߔࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕߒ߆

ߒޔ઒ߦ୘ੱߩߺߩታ࿷ࠍ⹺߼ࠆ┙႐ࠍขߞߚߣߒߡ߽ޔߘߩሽ࿷ߩౝታߦߪ᭽ޘߥⷐ⚛

߇޽ࠅޔߤࠇࠍ୘ੱߦઃ㓐ߔࠆታ࿷⊛ⷐ⚛ߣᝒ߃ࠆ߆ߪ⇣ߥࠅ߁ࠆޕߣࠅࠊߌޔ୘ੱ㑆ߩ

㑐ଥᕈࠍ୘ੱߦౝ࿷ߔࠆᕈ⾰ߣߒߡഀࠅᒰߡࠆߎߣ߇น⢻߆ุ߆ߪޔ␠ળ⃻⽎ߦኻߔࠆሽ

࿷⺰⊛┙႐ࠍᄢ߈ߊᏀฝߔࠆ⺰ὐߢ޽ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ୘ੱߩᕈ⾰ߩนᄌᕈߣ⋧੕ᓇ㗀ߩน⢻ᕈ

߽ࠕ࠻ࡒ࠭ࡓߩౝኈࠍታ⾰⊛ߦᄌൻߐߖࠆⷐ⚛ߢ޽ࠅޔߎߩὐߦߟ޿ߡ߽ᵈᗧᷓߊ⼂೎ߔ

ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ

ࠠࡦࠤࠗ࠼ߪߎ߁ߒߚ୘ੱਥ⟵ࠍ߼ߋࠆ㍲⛱ߒߚ⼏⺰ߩਛ߆ࠄޔᣇᴺ⺰⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ߩઍ

⴫⊛ߥਥᒛߣߒߡޔએਅߩ৾ߟࠍ᛽಴ߔࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ࠆߣߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

㧔㧝㧕␠ળ⊛ℂ⺰ߪ୘ੱਥ⟵⊛ℂ⺰ߦㆶరน⢻ߢ޽ࠆޕ

㧔㧞㧕␠ળ⃻⽎ߩ⺑᣿ߪޔ୘ੱ߿ߘߩ㑐ଥޔᕈ⾰╬ߦߩߺ⸒෸ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ޕ

㧔㧟㧕␠ળ⃻⽎ߩቢోߦㆡಾߥ⺑᣿ߪޔ୘ੱ߿ߘߩ㑐ଥޔᕈ⾰╬ߦߩߺ⸒෸ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥ

ࠄߥ޿ޕ 㧔㧠㧕୘ੱਥ⟵⊛ߥℂ⺰ߪ␠ળ⃻⽎ࠍቢోߦ⺑᣿ߔࠆߦචಽߢ޽ࠆޕ

㧔㧡㧕୘ੱਥ⟵⊛ߥℂ⺰ߪ␠ળ⃻⽎ࠍㇱಽ⊛ߦ⺑᣿ߔࠆߦචಽߢ޽ࠆޕ

㧔㧢㧕୘ੱߦኻߔࠆ૗ࠄ߆ߩ⸒෸ߪ޽ࠄࠁࠆ␠ળ⃻⽎ߩ⺑᣿ߩᔅⷐ᧦ઙߢ޽ࠆޕ

㧔㧣㧕୘ੱߦኻߔࠆ૗ࠄ߆ߩ⸒෸ߪ޽ࠄࠁࠆ␠ળ⃻⽎ߩቢోߥ⺑᣿ߩᔅⷐ᧦ઙߢ޽ࠆ 4ޕ

ߎࠇࠄࠍߘࠇߙࠇޔ㧔㧝㧕ㆶరน⢻ᕈޔ㧔㧞㧕ᒝ޿↪⺆⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ޔ㧔㧟㧕ᒙ޿↪⺆⊛୘ੱ

ਥ⟵ޔ㧔㧠㧕ቢో⺑᣿น⢻ᕈޔ㧔㧡㧕ㇱಽ⊛⺑᣿น⢻ᕈޔ㧔㧢㧕ᒝ޿⸒෸ᔅⷐᕈޔ㧔㧣㧕ᒙ޿ ⸒෸ᔅⷐᕈߣߒߡᝒ߃ࠆߥࠄ߫ޔ㧔㧞㧕߆ࠄ㧔㧣㧕ߪᣇᴺ⺰⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ߦߩߺ㑐ࠊߞߡ޿ࠆ

4 Kincaid (1986: 493).

－78－ ߩߦኻߒޔ㧔㧝㧕ߛߌߪሽ࿷⺰⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ߣ߽㑐ㅪߒߚ໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ

3. ㆶరਥ⟵ ﹇第一日目﹈ ࠠࡦࠤࠗ࠼߇ᜰ៰ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦޔㆶరਥ⟵ࠍᣇᴺ⺰⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ߩᧄ⾰ߣߒߡᝒ߃ࠆ⺰⠪ߪ 第三会場 ዋߥߊߥ޿ޕవߦ᜼ߍߚࡢ࠻ࠠࡦࠬߩቯ⟵߽ޔሽ࿷⺰ߣᣇᴺ⺰ߩ෺ᣇߦ߅ߌࠆㆶరਥ⟵⊛ ⷗⸃߇⢛ᓟߦ޽ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕߎ߁ߒߚㆶరਥ⟵⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ࠍࠃࠅᐢ޿ⷰὐ߆ࠄᡰᜬ

ߔࠆ⺰᜚ߣߒߡ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߩ߇ޟ⑼ቇ⊛ㆶరਥ⟵㧔Scientific Reductionism㧕ޠߢ޽ࠆޕ⺑᣿

ኻ⽎ࠍࠃࠅዊߐߥⷐ⚛ߦಽ⸃ߒߡߘࠇࠄߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߦࠃߞߡ⺑᣿ߔࠆߎߣߪ⑼ቇℂ⺰ߩ

஻߃ࠆၮᧄ⊛ߥᕈ⾰ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁⠨߃ߪޔ⛔৻⑼ቇ㧔Unity of Science㧕ㆇേߣធวߐࠇࠆߎ

ߣߢޔ⑼ቇ⊛ㆶరਥ⟵ߣ޿߁৻⽾ߒߚ┙႐ߣߥߞߚ 5ޕ⑼ቇ⊛ㆶరਥ⟵ߪޔ␠ળ⑼ቇߦ߅޿

ߡߪ␠ળߣ޿߁ࡑࠢࡠ⃻⽎ࠍࡒࠢࡠߥ୘ੱߦࠃߞߡ⺑᣿ߔࠆߣ޿߁୘ੱਥ⟵⊛ℂ⺰ࠍᡰᜬ

ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߺ߃ࠆ 6ޕߒ߆ߒޔ⑼ቇ⊛ㆶరਥ⟵ߪޔߔߴߡߩ୘೎⑼ቇ߇ㆶరࠍㅢߓߡᦨ߽ၮ

ᐩ⊛ߥ⛔৻⑼ቇ߳ߣ෼ᢢߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ߅ࠅޔߘߩߚ߼ߦߪࡑࠢࡠ߆ࠄࡒࠢࡠ߳ߩ

ㆶర߇ޔ⺑᣿ኻ⽎ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߣߘࠇߦኻᔕߔࠆ୘೎⑼ቇࠍ㓏ጀൻߒߟߟޔㅪ⛯⊛ߦធวߒߡ

ᚑߒㆀߍࠄࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ޕߒߚ߇ߞߡޔ୘೎⑼ቇߦ߅ߌࠆࡒࠢࡠߥ⺑᣿㗄ߪหᤨߦޔ

ߐࠄߦ৻㓏ጀਅߩ୘೎⑼ቇߦ߅ߌࠆࡑࠢࡠߥⵍ⺑᣿㗄ߣߥࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆޕߒ߆ߒ␠ળ⑼ቇޔ

ߣࠅࠊߌ⚻ᷣቇߩ⃻⁁ࠍߺࠆߦޔߎߩ᧦ઙ߇ḩߚߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣߪ޿߃ߥ޿ߛࠈ߁ޕ⚻ᷣℂ

⺰ߦ߅ߌࠆ୘ੱࡕ࠺࡞ߪᭂᐲߦวℂ⊛ߥਥ૕߆ޔߘࠇࠍ⧯ᐓ✭߼ߚ߽ߩ߇ਥᵹߢ޽ࠆޕߎ

߁ߒߚ୘ੱࡕ࠺࡞ߪޔ୘ੱߩⴕേࠍ⺑᣿ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ৻Ბ㓏ࡒࠢࡠߥ୘೎⑼ቇߢ޽ࠆᔃℂቇ

ߦߪኈᤃߦធวߐࠇ߃ߥ޿ߛࠈ߁ 7ޕㄭᐕߩታ㛎⚻ᷣቇ߿⹺⍮⑼ቇ⊛⚻ᷣቇߩ⹜ߺࠍ⚻ᷣቇ

ߩ⥄ὼൻߣߒߡ⸃㉼ߒޔߎ߁ߒߚ⥄ὼൻߐࠇߚ⚻ᷣℂ⺰߇⛔৻⑼ቇ߳ធ⛯ߐࠇࠆߣᦼᓙߔ

ࠆߎߣߪਇน⢻ߢߪߥ޿߇ޔ⃻Ბ㓏ߢߪਇචಽߢ޽ࠆߣ޿ࠊߑࠆࠍ߃ߥ޿ޕߟ߹ࠅޔ⚻ᷣ

ቇߦ߅ߌࠆ୘ੱਥ⟵ࠍ޽ߊ߹ߢ⑼ቇ⊛ㆶరਥ⟵ߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡਥᒛߔࠆߥࠄ߫ޔߎࠇ߹ߢએ ਄ߩࡒࠢࡠ⊛ㆶరߩദജ߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠅޔߎࠇ߹ߢߩࠃ߁ߦ␠ળߣ୘ੱߩ㑆ߩ৻㓏ጀߩߺߩ

ㆶరߦ࿕ၫߒޔߘࠇએ਄ߩࡒࠢࡠ⊛ㆶరࠍᜎ߻ߩߢ޽ࠇ߫ޔߘ߁ߒߚ┙႐ࠍᱜᒰൻߔࠆ૗

ࠄ߆ߩઃട⊛ߥᩮ᜚߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

5 Oppenheim and Putnam (1958). 6 Janssen (1993)ߪࡒࠢࡠ⊛ၮ␆ઃߌࠍ⛔৻⑼ቇ⊛ߥ⹜ߺߣߒߡ⸃㉼ߔࠆน⢻ᕈࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ 7 Kim (2002)ߢߪ⻉⑼ቇߩ㓏ጀࠍන৻ߢߪߥߊ࠷࡝࡯⁁ߣߒߡᝒ߃ࠆឭ᩺߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩ႐วޔห৻ 㓏ጀߦⶄᢙߩℂ⺰߇౒ሽߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߦߥࠆ߇ޔ߿ߪࠅ৻Ბ㓏ਅ૏ߦ޽ࠆ㧔⻉㧕ℂ⺰ߦㆶరߐࠇࠆᔅⷐ ߇޽ࠆὐߢߪᄌࠊࠅߪߥ޿ޕ

－79－ 4. ࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࡧࠖ࡯࠾ࠛࡦࠬ

ߘࠇߢߪޔ␠ળߣ୘ੱߩ㑆ߩ㑐ଥᕈࠍㆶరએᄖߩᣇᴺߢᝒ߃ࠆߦߪߤ߁ߔࠇ߫ࠃ޿ߩߛ ࠈ߁߆ޕߎ߁ߒߚⷐ⺧ߦኻߒߡޔᲧセ⊛ᣂߒ޿᭎ᔨߢ޽ࠆࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࡧࠖ࡯࠾ࠛࡦࠬ

㧔supervenience㧕߇᦭ജߥ୥⵬ߣߒߡㄭᐕᬌ⸛ߐࠇߟߟ޽ࠆޕࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࡧࠖ࡯ࠛࡦࠬߣߪޔ

ሽ࿷⺰⊛ߦ⇣ߥࠆ㓏ጀߦዻߔࠆੑߟߩኻ⽎㑆ߩ㑐ଥᕈࠍޔ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥ߿ㆶరࠃࠅ߽ࠃࠅᒙ޿ ߆ߚߜߢቯᑼൻߔࠆ⹜ߺߢ޽ࠆޕ৻⥸⊛ߦ޿ߞߡޔBߦ߅޿ߡ඙೎ਇน⢻ߥ႐วߦAߦ߅޿

ߡ߽඙೎ਇน⢻ߢޔ߆ߟBߦ߅ߌࠆᄌൻߥߒߦAߩᄌൻ߇޽ࠅ߃ߥ޿ߣ߈ޔAߪBߦࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯

ࡧࠖ࡯ࡦ㧔supervene㧕ߒߡ޿ࠆߣቯ⟵ߐࠇࠆ 8ޕࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࡧࠖ࡯࠾ࠛࡦࠬߪ߽ߣ߽ߣᔃ⣖໧ 㗴߿↢‛ቇߩືቇߥߤߢޔ♖␹߿ᯏ⢻߆ࠄ‛ℂ⊛ᕈ⾰߳ߩㆶరน⢻ᕈߣ޿߁໧㗴ߦ߅޿ߡ

ᵈ⋡ࠍ㓸߼ߚ᭎ᔨߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ␠ળߣ୘ੱߩ㑐ଥߦㆡ↪ߔࠆߎߣ߽น⢻ߛࠈ߁ޕߟ߹ࠅޔ␠

ળ⃻⽎Sߣ୘ੱ⊛಴᧪੐Iߦ߅޿ߡޔIߩ⻉ᕈ⾰߇඙೎ਇน⢻ߥߣ߈ޔSߩ⻉ᕈ⾰߽඙೎ਇน⢻

ߢ޽ࠅޔIߩᄌൻߥߒߦSߩᄌൻ߇޽ࠅ߃ߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠇ߫ޔSߪIߦࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࡧࠖ࡯ࡦߒߡ޿ࠆ

ߣਥᒛߔࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ࠆޕߎࠇߪSߣIߩ㑆ߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍᗐቯߒߡ߽޿ߥ޿ߒޔS߇Iߦㆶరߐ

ࠇࠆߣ߽ਥᒛߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣߦᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆޕࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࡧࠖ࡯࠾ࠛࡦࠬߪ㕖Ᏹߦᒙ޿

ଐሽ㑐ଥߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ␠ળߣ୘ੱߩ㑐ଥߩ⸥ㅀߣߒߡߪޔᣇᴺ⺰⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ߩᠩ⼔⠪ߣߘߩ

ᛕ್⠪෺ᣇߩᄙߊ߇หᗧ಴᧪ࠆቯ⟵ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ

␠ળ߇୘ੱߦࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࡧࠖ࡯࠾ࠛࡦࠬߢ޽ࠆߣᝒ߃ࠆߎߣߦߪੑߟߩ೑ὐ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆޕ

╙৻ߦޔㆶరਥ⟵⊛ߥ┙႐ࠍขࠄߕߦሽ࿷⺰⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ࠍᠩ⼔ߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߦߥࠆޕߟ

߹ࠅޔ␠ળ࡟ࡌ࡞ߣ୘ੱ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ㑆ߦㆶరਇน⢻ߥ⇣⾰ᕈࠍ⹺߼ߚ߁߃ߢޔߥ߅ޔ೨⠪ߩ

ᓟ⠪ߦኻߔࠆଐሽ㑐ଥࠍਥᒛ಴᧪ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆޕ╙ੑߦޔߎࠇߪవߦㅀߴߚ⑼ቇ⊛ㆶరਥ

⟵ߦኻߔࠆ෻⺰ߣ޿߁ߎߣߦߥࠆ߇ޔ୘೎⑼ቇߩ⥄┙ᕈࠍਥᒛߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߦߥࠆޕࠬ

࡯ࡄ࡯ࡧࠖ࡯࠾ࠛࡦࠬߔࠆ஥ߣߐࠇࠆ஥ߦߪ୘೎ߩ⸥ㅀ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠅޔ߹ߚਔ⠪ߩ⛔৻߇

߅ߘࠄߊਇน⢻ߢ޽ࠆ߆ޔ߽ߒน⢻ߢ޽ߞߚߣߒߡ߽ਇᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕ

ߘࠇߢߪޔ␠ળߣ୘ੱࠍࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࡧࠖ࡯࠾ࠛࡦࠬ㑐ଥߦ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆߣޔᣇᴺ⺰⊛୘ੱ

ਥ⟵ߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥ฽ᗧ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆߩߛࠈ߁߆ޕࠠࡦࠤࠗ࠼ߪవߦ᜼ߍߚ৾⒳㘃ߩᣇᴺ⺰⊛ ୘ੱਥ⟵ߩਥᒛߦߟ޿ߡޔ㧔㧝㧕߆ࠄ㧔㧠㧕ߥࠄ߮ߦ㧔㧢㧕ࠍ᫈ළߒߡޔ੐ታ਄ޔᣇᴺ⺰⊛

୘ੱਥ⟵ߩਇน⢻ᕈࠍ⺑޿ߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔߘߩ⺰᜚ߣߒߡߪએਅߩੑὐ߇ਛᔃߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ 9ޕ

߹ߕޔࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࡧࠖ࡯࠾ࠛࡦࠬ㑐ଥࠍ೨ឭߣߔࠇ߫ޔ␠ળ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ⸥ㅀߣ୘ੱ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ⸥

8 Kim (1984), (1987)ࠍෳᾖޕߎߎߢߪࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࡧࠖ࡯࠾ࠛࡦࠬߩ⒳㘃㧔ᒝ޿㧛ᒙ޿ޔࡠ࡯ࠞ࡞㧛ࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞ ╬㧕ߪ․ߦ໧㗴ߣߒߥ޿ޕ 9 Kincaid (1986), (1988).

－80－ ㅀߪ⁛┙ߒߡ߅ࠅޔਔ⠪ࠍធวߔࠆᯅᷰߒᴺೣ㧔bridge law㧕ߥߒߦ৻ᣇߩℂ⺰ߦㆶరߔࠆ

ߎߣߪਇน⢻ߢ޽ࠆޕߣࠅࠊߌޔ୘೎ߩ␠ળ⃻⽎ࠍ୘ੱ⊛಴᧪੐ߦࠃߞߡ⺑᣿ߔࠆߎߣߪ ಴᧪ࠆߣߒߡ߽ޔ␠ળ⃻⽎ߩ࠲ࠗࡊࠍ୘ੱ⊛಴᧪੐ߩ࠲ࠗࡊߦࠃߞߡ⺑᣿ߔࠆߎߣߪ಴᧪ ﹇第一日目﹈ ߥ޿ޕ߹ߚޔࠠࡦࠤࠗ࠼ߪࡈ࡜࡯࠮ࡦ╬ࠍេ↪ߒߥ߇ࠄޔ⑼ቇ⊛⺑᣿ߩᧄ⾰ߪޟߥߗ⇼໧ޠ 第三会場 ߦ࿁╵ߔࠆߎߣߦ޽ࠆߣߒޔ୘ੱਥ⟵⊛ℂ⺰ߦࠃࠆ⺑᣿ߢߪޔޟ޽ࠆ␠ળ⊛಴᧪੐ࠍᒁ߈⿠ ߎߒߚ␠ળ⊛ⷐ࿃ߪ૗߆ޠߣ޿߁⇼໧ߦ࿁╵ߔࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ߥ޿ߚ߼ޔ⺑᣿ߣߒߡਇචಽ

ߦߥࠄߑࠆࠍ߃ߥ޿ߣਥᒛߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

╙৻ߩ໧㗴ߦኻߒߡޔ࠻࠘ࠝࡔ࡜ߪ␠ળ⊛᭎ᔨࠍ㗅ᰴ୘ੱ⊛᭎ᔨ߳ߣ⟎߈឵߃ߡ޿ߊߎ

ߣߢ␠ળ⃻⽎ࠍ୘ੱ⊛಴᧪੐ߦㆶరน⢻ߢ޽ࠆߣ෻⺰ߒߡ޿ࠆ 10ޕߒ߆ߒޔ޿ߊࠄᨎ᜼⊛ߦ

୘ੱ⊛಴᧪੐ߦࠃࠆ␠ળ⃻⽎ߩ⸥ㅀࠍឭ␜ߒߡ߽ޔ␠ળ⃻⽎ߩ࠲ࠗࡊࠍቯ⟵ߔࠆߎߣߦߪ

ߥࠄߥ޿ޕ߹ߚޔ୘ޘߩ୘ੱ⊛಴᧪੐ߩ⸥ㅀߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޔ߶߷ਇนㆱ⊛ߦ␠ળ⊛᭎ᔨ߇฽

߹ࠇߡߒ߹ߞߡ޿ࠆએ਄ޔ␠ળ⃻⽎ߩ୘ੱ⊛᭎ᔨ߳ߩㆶరߪਇቢోߥ߹߹ߢ޽ࠆޕߒߚ߇

ߞߡޔㆶరਥ⟵⊛ߥᣇᴺ⺰⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ߩᠩ⼔ߪ㕖Ᏹߦ㔍ߒ޿ߣ⹺߼ߑࠆࠍ߃ߥ޿ޕ

ߒ߆ߒޔ╙ੑߩ໧㗴ߦ㑐ߒߡߪޟߥߗ⇼໧ޠߩᢥ⣂⥄૕ࠍ໧޿⋥ߔߎߣ߇น⢻ߛࠈ߁ޕ

⏕߆ߦޔ␠ળ⊛಴᧪੐ߩ␠ળ⊛ⷐ࿃ߪ૗߆ߣ޿߁໧޿ߦኻߒߡ୘ੱਥ⟵⊛ߥℂ⺰ߪㆡಾߥ

࿁╵ࠍ␜ߔߎߣ߇಴᧪ߥ޿߇ޔߘ߽ߘ߽ߘࠇߪ໧޿ߩᕈ⾰߆ࠄߒߡ࿁╵ਇน⢻ߢ޽ࠆޕߒ

ߚ߇ߞߡห᭽ߦޔ␠ળ⊛ߥℂ⺰ߦߪේℂ⊛ߦ࿁╵ਇน⢻ߥ໧޿ޔ␠ળ⊛಴᧪੐ߩ୘ੱ⊛ⷐ

࿃ߪ૗߆ߣ޿߁໧޿ࠍ┙ߡࠆߎߣ߽಴᧪ࠆޕߎߎߢߩࠠࡦࠤࠗ࠼ߩ໧޿ߪޔ␠ળ⊛࡟ࡌ࡞

ߩℂ⺰ߦࠃߞߡ⺑᣿ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇੍߼ᗐቯߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔߘߩᗧ๧ߢ․ቯߩᢥ⣂ߦ஍ߞߚ໧

޿ߢ޽ࠆޕߘߒߡޔ߽ߒࠠࡦࠤࠗ࠼ߩ޿߁ޟቢోߦㆡಾߥ⺑᣿㧔fully adequate explanation㧕ޠ

߇ޔ޽ࠄࠁࠆޟߥߗ⇼໧ޠߦኻߒߡ࿁╵ߒ߁ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠇ߫ޔࠠ

ࡦࠤࠗ࠼߇ਥᒛߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ୘ੱਥ⟵⊛ℂ⺰߇ߘߩࠃ߁ߥ⺑᣿ࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣߪਇน⢻ߢ޽

ࠆ߇ޔᒰὼߘࠇߪ␠ળ⊛࡟ࡌ࡞ߩℂ⺰ߦ߽ਇน⢻ߢ޽ࠆޕ޽ࠄࠁࠆℂ⺰ߦߣߞߡਇน⢻ߢ ޽ࠆߚ߼ޔቢో⺑᣿น⢻ᕈ᧦ઙߪㆊᄢߥⷐ᳞ߣߒߡ᫈ළߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ

5. Ⓩᒰߥᣇᴺ⺰⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ⼏⺰ࠍ〯߹߃ޔⓏஜߥᣇᴺ⺰⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ߪએਅߩࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ

߹ߕޔㇱಽ⊛⺑᣿น⢻ᕈߩߺߢߪޔᣇᴺ⺰⊛ᄙరਥ⟵ࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆߛߌߢ޽ࠅޔᣇᴺ⺰⊛୘

ੱਥ⟵ߩⓍᭂ⊛ߥᠩ⼔ߣߪߥࠅ߃ߥ޿ޕߒ߆ߒޔቢో⺑᣿น⢻ᕈࠍߘ߽ߘ߽޽ࠄࠁࠆ⒳㘃

ߩℂ⺰ߦߣߞߡਇน⢻ߥ᧦ઙߣߒߡ᫈ළߔࠆߥࠄ߫ޔలಽߦㆡಾߥ⺑᣿ߩน⢻ᕈߣ޿߁ᣂ

10 Tuomela (1990).

－81－ ߚߥၮḰࠍ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ߹ߚޔ↪⺆⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ߣ⸒෸ᔅⷐᕈߦߟ޿ߡ߽ޔ

ߘࠇ߇߽ߚࠄߔ⺑᣿ߩㆡಾߐߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄౣ᭴ᚑߒߚ߁߃ߢޔ଻ᜬߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߥ ࠆޕߒߚ߇ߞߡޔㆡಾߥ⺑᣿ߩߚ߼ߩ᧦ઙ⸳ቯߣޔ↪⺆⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ߥࠄ߮ߦ⸒෸ᔅⷐᕈߣ

ㆡಾߥ⺑᣿ߩ᧦ઙߣߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡߩត᳞߇ޔ੹ᓟޔⓏஜߥᣇᴺ⺰⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ࠍᠩ⼔ߔࠆ

ߚ߼ߩ⺖㗴ߣߥࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ

ਥⷐෳ⠨ᢥ₂

Currie, Gregory. 1984. Individualism and Global Supervenience. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 35(4):

345-358.

Epstein, Brian. 2009. Ontological Individualism Reconsidered. Synthese 166: 187-213.

Janssen, Maarten. 1993. Microfoundations: A Critical Inquiry. London: Routledge.

Kim, Jaegwon. 1984. Concepts of Supervenience. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 45(2): 153-76.

Kim, Jaegwon. 1987. “Strong” and “Global” Supervenience Revisited. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research

48(2): 315-326.

Kim, Jaegwon. 2002. The Layered Model: Metaphysical Considerations. Philosophical Explanations 5(1): 2-20.

Kincaid, Harold. 1986. Reduction, Explanation, and Individualism. Philosophy of Science 53(4): 492-513.

Kincaid, Harold. 1988. Supervenience and Explanation. Synthese 77: 251-281.

Kincaid, Harold. 1990. Eliminativism and Methodological Individualism. Philosophy of Science 57(1): 141-148.

Oppenheim, Paul, and Hilary Putnam. 1958. Unity of Science as a Working Hypothesis. In Minnesota Studies in the

Philosophy of Science, vol. II: 3-36. Minneapolis: Minnesota University Press.

Tuomela, Raimo. 1989. Collective Action, Supervenience, and Constitution. Synthese 80(2): 243-266.

Tuomela, Raimo. 1990. Methodological Individualism and Explanation. Philosophy of Science 57(1): 133-140.

Udehn, Lars. 2001. Methodological Individualism. London: Routledge.

Watkins, J. W. N. 1955. Methodological Individualism: A Reply. Philosophy of Science 22(1): 58-62.

Watkins, J. W. N. 1959. The Two Theses of Methodological Individualism. British Journal for the Philosophy of

Science 9: 319-320.

ᄥ↰㓷ሶ㧔1999㧕ޟઃ㓐ᕈߣ⺑᣿ߩචಽᕈߦߟ޿ߡޠޔޡ⑼ቇືቇޢ32 Ꮞ 1 ภޔ45-54 㗁ޕ

ේ⼱⋥᮸㧔2005㧕ޟᣇᴺ⺰⊛୘ੱਥ⟵ޠޔ᫪᧛ㅴ✬ޡ࡝ࡃ࠲࡝ࠕ࠾࠭ࡓ⺒ᧄޢޔഹ⨲ᦠᚱޕ

ේ⼱⋥᮸㧔2009㧕ޟㆶరਥ⟵࡮ࡒࠢࡠ⊛ၮ␆ઃߌ࡮ࠕ࠻ࡒ࠭ࡓ㧦୘ੱਥ⟵ߩ⻉⋧ޠޔޡഃᢥޢ522 ภޔ19-22

㗁ޕ

－82－ ޟ⸒⺆ߩ᧤ޠߣߒߡߩ 20 ਎♿ೋ㗡ߩޡ⥄↱Ꮲ࿖ޢᕁᗐ㧦ࠕ࠳ࡓ࡮ࠬࡒࠬ⸃㉼ߩಽᨑߣߒߡ ᆢ㊁㗅৻㧔㐳ፒᄢቇ㧕 㧝㧘ޟ⥄↱Ꮲ࿖ޠߩ⎇ⓥผ

ᣂߒ޿Ꮲ࿖ਥ⟵ᚢ੎ߣ⹏ߐࠇࠆ 1899㨪02 ᐕߩࠕࡦࠣࡠ࡮ࡏ࡯ࠕᚢ੎ߣޔ࠴ࠚࡦࡃ࡟ࡦߦ ﹇第一日目﹈ ࠃࠆ 1903 ᐕߩ㑐⒢ᡷ㕟ࠠࡖࡦࡍ࡯ࡦࠍ᜽ߺޔࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߪޟ࿖᳃࿖ኅޠnation-state ߩᨒࠍ 第三会場 ⿥߃ߡ᜛ᄢߒߚޟࡉ࡝࠹ࡦᏢ࿖ޠߩࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߣ޿߁ޔᣂߒ޿ࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞ൻߦ⋥㕙ߔࠆޕ ␠ળᡷ㕟ߩ⽷Ḯ⏕଻ߦ⛊ࠎߢ࠴ࠚࡦࡃ࡟ࡦᵷߦኻ᛫ߒߚࠣ࡜࠼ࠬ࠻ࡦߩ⥄↱Ꮲ࿖ߩᕁᗐߪ ᄌኈߒޔ19 ਎♿ߩฎౖ⥄↱ਥ⟵⚻ᷣቇ߽ኻᔕ߇ㄼࠄࠇޔ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣ⊛ߥ⸒⺑߽ࠬࡒࠬߩฎౖ ⸃㉼ߦ┙ߜ㄰ࠅߥ߇ࠄ߽ޔޟ␠ળᡷ㕟ߣࡉ࡝࠹ࡦᏢ࿖ޠࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߔࠆߩ ߆ޔ⥄↱⾏ᤃ߆଻⼔⾏ᤃ߆ޔ⽷᡽ᡷ㕟ࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦㅴ߼ࠆߩ߆ߥߤᄢ߈ߥ੎ὐߣߥߞߚޕ ࡉ࡝࠹ࡦᏢ࿖ࠍ߼ߋࠆ⺰੎㧔⸒⺆⴫⃻㧕ߩ⢛ᓟߦߪޔ18 ਎♿એ᧪ߩࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߩ⥄↱Ꮲ࿖ߩ ᱧผ߇޽ࠅޔ⋥ㄭߢߪ 1880 ᐕઍߦࠣ࡜࠼ࠬ࠻ࡦ߇ឭ᩺ߒߚࠕࠗ࡞࡜ࡦ࠼ߩࡎ࡯ࡓ࡞࡯࡞ࠍ ߼ߋࠆ⥄↱Ꮲ࿖ߩ⺰੎ߦ߅ߌࠆޟ⸒⺑ߩ᧤ޠ߇޽ࠆޕ ㄭᐕޔࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡝࠭ࡓߦ⛊ࠎߢߎߩࡉ࡝࠹ࡦᏢ࿖ߩޟ⥄↱Ꮲ࿖ޠߩᱧผߩᕆㅦߥ⷗⋥ߒ ߇ㅴߺޔDavid Armitage, Duncan Bell, Duncan Kelly, Jennifer Pitts, Peter Mandler ╬ ߦࠃࠅޟ⍮ᕈผޠIntellectual History ߣߒߡޟ⥄↱Ꮲ࿖ㅪวޠLiberal Imperial Federation ߩ᡽ᴦ⸒⺑ߩౣᬌ⸛߇ㅴߺޔ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣᕁᗐߦ߅޿ߡ߽ࠬࡒࠬޔࡃ࡯ࠢޔࡌࡦࠨࡓޔJ.S.ࡒ࡞ޔ ߅ࠃ߮ J.R.ࠪ࡯࡝ A.V.࠳ࠗࠪ࡯╬ߩ⸒⺑⎇ⓥ߇ㅴࠎߛޕ20 ਎♿ೋ㗡ߩ⥄↱Ꮲ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ⸒ ⺆⎇ⓥߪ Peter Cain ߿ Douglas Lorimer ߩవⴕ⎇ⓥ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩߩޔ߹ߛዋߥ޿ޕ 20 ਎♿ೋ㗡ߩࡉ࡝࠹ࡦᏢ࿖ࠍ߼ߋࠆ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣᕁᗐߩ㍲⛱ߩ߁ߜޔޟ␠ળᏢ࿖ਥ⟵ޠߦߟ ޿ߡߪ Bernard Semmel ߩฎౖ Imperialism and Social Reform, English Social-Imperial Thought1895㧙1914,1960 ߇޽ࠅޔޟ⥄↱Ꮲ࿖ਥ⟵ޠߦߟ޿ߡߪ H.C.G. Mathtthew ߩ The Liberal Imperialists, The ideas and politics of a post-Gladstonian elite, 1973 ߇ߎࠇࠍవ 㚟⊛ߦ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚޕᦨㄭߢߪ Anthony Howe ߇ Free Trade and Liberal England, 1846-1946ޔ1997 ߢ⥄↱⾏ᤃ⺰੎ࠍਛᔃߦߎࠇࠄߩ⸒⺑ߩ৻ㇱࠍ⺑߈᣿߆ߒߚ߇ޔ᡽ᴦ⚻ ᷣᕁᗐ߇␠ળ߅ࠃ߮⚻ᷣߩ໧㗴߅ࠃ߮᡽╷ߣ⛊ࠎߢߤߩࠃ߁ߥޟ⸒⺑ߩ᧤ޠߣߒߡᄌኈߒ ߚߩ߆ߣ޿߁ὐߩ⸃᣿ߪޔ⚻ᷣ߇᡽ᴦ߅ࠃ߮␠ળ࡮ᢥൻߣߤߩࠃ߁ߦ㑐ࠊࠅޔߘࠇ߇࠻࡜ ࡦࠬ࠽࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ߥ໧㗴ߣߤߩࠃ߁ߦ㑐ࠊߞߡ޿ߚ߆ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆ਄ߢᄢᄌ⥝๧ᷓ޿ޕ ᧄႎ๔ߢߪࡉ࡝࠹ࡦᏢ࿖ߩࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߦ⸒෸ߒߚ 1900 ᐕ߆ࠄ 1914 ᐕ߹ߢߩ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣ ᕁᗐޔ․ߦޟ⥄↱Ꮲ࿖ޠߩ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣᕁᗐߩ⸒⺑ߦߟ޿ߡޔⶄᢙߩࠗ࠺ࠝࡠࠡ࡯ⷐ⚛⟲ߣߒ ߡߩᱧผ⊛ߥޟ⸒⺆ߩ᧤ޠࠍᬌ⸽ߒޔ࠴ࠚࡦࡃ࡟ࡦߩ㑐⒢ᡷ㕟ࠍᡰᜬߒߚ଻⼔ਥ⟵߅ࠃ߮ ᑪ⸳⊛Ꮲ࿖ਥ⟵ߩޟᏢ࿖⛔วޠߩޟ⸒⺆ߩ᧤ޠߣኻᲧߐࠇࠆߎߩ․⾰ࠍ⸃᣿ߔࠆޕߘߩ႐ ว․ߦߘࠇ߇ࠕ࠳ࡓ࡮ࠬࡒࠬߩ⚻ᷣ⺰ޔ┙ᴺ⺰ޔ㆏ᓼ⺰ࠍ〯߹߃ߚޟࡉ࡝࠹ࡦᏢ࿖ޠ᭴ᗐ ߩಽᨑߢ޽ࠆߎߣߦᵈ⋡ߒߡߺߚ޿ޕ ࠬࡒࠬߪޡ࿖ን⺰ޢ╙ 5 ✬ࠍ᦭ฬߥએਅߩᢥ┨ߢ✦߼ߊߊࠆޕޟࠣ࡟࡯࠻࡮ࡉ࡝࠹ࡦߩ ᡰ㈩⠪ߚߜߪޔㆊ෰৻਎♿ߩ޽޿ߛޔࠊࠇࠊࠇߪᄢ⷏ᵗߩ߆ߥߚߦ৻ᄢᏢ࿖ࠍ߽ߞߡ޿ࠆ

－83－ ߩߛޔߣ޿߁ᗐ௝ߢ࿖᳃ࠍ޿޿᳇ᜬߜߦߐߖߡ߈ߚޕߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄޔߎߩᏢ࿖ߥࠆ߽ߩߪޔ ޿߹ߦ޿ߚࠆ߹ߢޔᗐ௝ߩ߁ߜߦߒ߆ሽ࿷ߒߥ޿߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚޕ޿߹ߦ޿ߚࠆ߹ߢޔߘࠇ ߪᏢ࿖ߘߩ߽ߩߢߪߥߒߦޔᏢ࿖ᑪ⸳ߩડ↹ߛߞߚޕ࡮࡮࡮ߎߩ㤛㊄ߩᄞࠍታ⃻ߒߡߺߖ ࠆߩ߆ޔߘࠇ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿ߥࠄޔ₸వߒߡߎߩᄞ߆ࠄ㉕߼ޔ࿖᳃ࠍⷡ㉕ߐߖࠆࠃ߁ߦദ߼ࠆ ⑺ߢ޽ࠆޕ߽ߒ⸘↹ࠍቢㆀߢ߈ߥ޿ߩߥࠄޔ⸘↹ߘߩ߽ߩࠍᝥߡࠃޕߘߒߡޔ߽ߒޔࡉ࡝ ࠹ࡦᏢ࿖ߩߤߩ㗔࿯ߦߖࠃޔᏢ࿖ో૕ࠍᡰ߃ࠆߚ߼ߦ⽸₂ߐߖࠄࠇߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߩߥࠄޔ޿ ߹ߎߘࠣ࡟࡯࠻࡮ࡉ࡝࠹ࡦߪޔᚢᤨߦߎࠇࠄߩ㗔࿯ࠍ㒐ⴡߔࠆ⚻⾌ޔᐔᤨߩߘߩ᡽ᴦ⊛࡮ ァ੐⊛ᣉ⸳ࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆ⚻⾌߆ࠄߺߕ߆ࠄࠍ⸃᡼ߒޔᧂ᧪߳ߩዷᦸߣ᭴࿑ߣࠍޔߘߩ࿖ᖱߩ ⌀ߩりߩਂߦว⥌ߐߖࠆࠃ߁ߦദ߼ࠆ⑺ߢ޽ࠆޕޠ㧔Wealth of Nations., 926㧧Υ㧘438-39㧕 ߎߩᢥ┨ߩ⸃㉼ߪᄙ⟵⊛ߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ┻ᧄᵗ৻ᢎ᝼ߩᰴߩ⸃㉼ߪ␜ໂߦን߻ޕ㧝㧘⚻ᷣ⊛ ⥄↱ਥ⟵ߪ᡽ᴦ⊛⥄↱ਥ⟵߿᳃ਥਥ⟵ߣᔅὼ⊛ߥᾖᔕ㑐ଥߦߪߥߊޔ␠ળ߿ᤨઍߩ⻉ⷐ࿃ ߦⷙቯߐࠇࠆ㧔ߒߚ߇ߞߡ⚻ᷣ⊛᳃ਥਥ⟵ߪᏢ࿖߿ኾ೙ߣ߻ߔ߮ߟߊߎߣ߽޽ࠆ㧕㧦⚻ᷣ ߣ᡽ᴦߩ඙೎ߣ቟ోఝవߩⷞὐ 㧞㧘໡ᬺ␠ળߪฦ⒳ߩઍℂ㑐ଥߩࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߢ޽ࠅޔ ઍℂߔࠆ߽ߩߣઍℂߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߩ㥿㦉ߦࠃࠆਇḩߩ⸃ᶖߩߚ߼޿ߞߘ߁ᒝജߥઍℂ⴫⽎ࠍ 㧔ኾ೙߿Ꮲ࿖㧕߽ߣ߼ࠆޕ㧦ኾ೙߿Ꮲ࿖ߩ᡽ᴦ⊛ᯏ⢻ 㧟㧘㊁ⱄߥኾ೙᡽ᴦߪᢥ᣿ߩℂᔨ ߦ߽ޔฬ⹷㕟๮૕೙ߩޟ೙㒢₺᡽ߣ⛔ᴦߩේℂޠߣ߽⢛㚓ߔࠆ߆ࠄޔਇḩࠍ⸃ᶖߒ␠ળࠍ ቟ቯߐߖࠆߦߪޔᏢ࿖ߒ߆ᣇㅜߪߥ޿ޕ㧦ࠬࡒࠬߦࠃࠆޟ⛔วޠ㧔࡙࠾ࠝࡦ㧕ߩਥᒛ㧠㧘 Ꮲ࿖ߩㆬᛯߪ⚻ᷣ⊛೑⋉᜛ᄢߦว⥌ߒޔᏢ࿖ౝߩᢥ᣿ൻߦነਈߔࠆޕ㧦Ꮲ࿖ߩᢥ᣿ൻ૞↪ ࠬࡒࠬߩ࿖ን⺰ߦߪޔ┻ᧄᢎ᝼߇೉᜼ߔࠆޟࡉ࡝࠹ࡦᏢ࿖ޠߩ⃻⁁⹺⼂ߣ዁᧪ߦኻߔࠆ ಽᨆⷐ⚛߇฽߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩޟ⥄↱Ꮲ࿖ޠߩⷐ⚛ಽᨆߪޔޟ␠ળߣᱧผޠࠍ⇣ߦߔࠆᱧ ผᲑ㓏ߢ޽ࠅޔ⁛භ߇⊓႐ߒߡ⾗ᧄਥ⟵߇㜞ᐲߦ⊒ዷߒޔᬀ᳃࿾߽ᄌኈߔࠆ 1900 ᐕઍߦ↢ ߓߚޔධࠕᚢ੎ᓟߩޟᏢ࿖ࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ޠࠍ߼ߋࠆ⺰੎ಽᨆߦ߅޿ߡ㊀ⷐߥⷞὐߢ޽ࠆޕ

㧞㧘ᣥ⥄↱ਥ⟵⠪ߩ㆏ᓼ⊛ޟ⥄↱Ꮲ࿖ޠ᭴ᗐ ╙㧝ߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪޔJ.L. Hammond ޔJohn Morleyޔ G.P. Goochޔ Francis Hurstޔ C.F.G. Masterman ߣ޿ߞߚ⥄↱ౄ♽⍮⼂ੱߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪ Josef Chamberlain ߣߘߩ଻⼔ਥ⟵ࠍᡰᜬߔࠆᱧผቇᵷߩ W.A.S. HewinsޔWilliam James AshleyޔLord Milner ╬޿ࠊࠁࠆ⛔৻ౄ♽ߩ␠ળᏢ࿖ਥ⟵ߩޟᏢ࿖⛔วޠߩޟ⸒⺑ߩ᧤ޠߦኻ᳿ߒޔฎౖ ⊛ߥ⥄↱ਥ⟵ߩ┙႐ࠍၷᜬߒޔ⥄↱ౄߩਛߢࠣ࡜࠼ࠬ࠻ࡦߩᵹࠇࠍᒁ߈ߟ߉ޔᬀ᳃࿾ߩޟ⥄ ᴦޠself-government ߣޔ࿖ౝ߅ࠃ߮ᶏᄖߩ⽷᡽໧㗴ߩ⸃᳿ࠍឭ⿠ߒߚᏢ࿖ਥ⟵ᛕ್⠪ߢ޽ ࠅޔࠕࠗ࡞࡜ࡦ࠼໧㗴ߦ߅ߌࠆࡎ࡯ࡓ࡞࡯࡞ߩ⛮ᛚ⠪ߚߜߢ޽ࠆޕ ᣂ⥄↱ਥ⟵⠪ߩ৻ੱߦ޽ߍࠄࠇࠆࠫࡖ࡯࠽࡝ࠬ࠻ߩ C.F.G.ࡑࠬ࠲࡯ࡑࡦߪޔ1901 ᐕߦ✬ 㓸ߒߚ The Heart of the Empire ߢޔධࠕᚢ੎ߩᾲ⁅ߩߥ߆ߢߎࠇᛕ್ߒޔ␠ળᡷ㕟߇ᔅⷐ ߣߥࠆࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ߩ⃻ઍㇺᏒߩᄌኈߣᏢ࿖ਥ⟵ߦኻߔࠆ⷗⸃ࠍ㓸⚂ߒߚޕߎߩߥ߆ߢޟᏢ ࿖ਥ⟵ Imperialismޠߩ┨ࠍᜂᒰߒߚ G.P.ࠣ࡯࠴ߪฎౖ⊛ߥ⥄↱ਥ⟵ߩ┙႐ߦ┙ߜޔޟᣂ ߒ޿Ꮲ࿖ਥ⟵ޠࠍᛕ್ߒߡ޿ࠆޕߔߥࠊߜࠣ࡯࠴ߪޟᬀ᳃࿾ߩࠕ࡯࠻ޠࠍ⺰ߓߚ Gibbon

－84－ Wakefield ࠍߪߓ߼ޔJames Mill, Gold SmithޔCornewall LewisޔSir Henry TaylorޔLord BlachfordޔDisraeli, Lord ThringޔW.E. FosterޔSir Charles DilkeޔSeeleyޔTennyson, Lord Rosebery, Chamberlain ߣ޿ߞߚᏢ࿖᜛ᄢߩ┙ᓎ⠪߇ᵴべߒߚ㧝਎♿ඨߦᷰࠆ Great

Britain ߆ࠄ Greater Britain ߳ߩᄌൻߪޟᣂߒ޿Ꮲ࿖ਥ⟵ޠߩ೨ผߢ޽ࠅޔ1870 ᐕߣ 1900 ﹇第一日目﹈ ᐕߩ㑆ߦᄢ߈ߥᢿ⛘߇↢ߓߚߣ⷗ࠆޕߎߩᢿ⛘ߣߪޔޟቢోߥ⥄ᴦ self-government ࠍ੨ฃޠ 第三会場 ߒޔޟੱญ߅ࠃ߮❥ᩕࠍ੨ฃޠߒߡᲣ࿖ߦޟᾲ⁅⊛ߥⷫᗲᗵᖱ affectionޠࠍᜬߟޟหㇹੱ fellow-countrymenޠߩჇᄢߢ޽ࠆޕ ࠣ࡯࠴ߪධࠕᚢ੎ࠍ㗔࿯᜛ᒛߩޟᒝ޿ᚻᲑޠࠍ߽ߟޟᣂߒ޿Ꮲ࿖ਥ⟵ޠߣ․ᓽߠߌޔࡑ ࠠࡖࡌ࡝ߩޟ࡝ࠕ࡞ࡐ࡝࠹ࠖࠢࠬޠ߿࠾࡯࠴ࠚߩޟ⿥ੱޠޔ࠳࡯࠙ࠖࡦߩޟㆡ⠪↢ሽޠޔ ࠞ࡯࡞࡮ࡇࠕ࠰ࡦߩᒙ⠪ߩឃ㒰ޔ࠴ࠚࡦࡃ࡟ࡦ߿࠮ࠪ࡞࡮ࡠ࡯࠭ޔࠠ࠶ࡊ࡝ࡦࠣߦࠃࠆޟ᳃ ᣖߩ⾰ qualities of raceޠߩᒝ⺞ޔ౨㒾࡮ㄆᛴ࡮⒎ᐨᧄ⢻࡮ᗲ࿖ᔃޔ‛⾰⊛೑ኂࠍߎߩᠩ⼔ ߩ⸒⺑⟲ߣߺߚޕࠣ࡯࠴ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔߎࠇࠄߩޟᏢ࿖᳇⾰ Imperial temperޠߪޟ౏౒↢ᵴ public lifeޠߩ⴮ㅌߢ޽ࠅޔޟ㆏ᓼ⴫⃻ moral currencyޠߩഠൻ߅ࠃ߮ޟ਎⇇ߩᐔ๺ߣ⑔␩ well-beingޠߦ⢿ᆭࠍ߽ߚࠄߔ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅޔᬀ᳃࿾ߦ㑐ߔࠆࠣ࡜࠶࠼ࠬ࠻࡯ࡦએ᧪ߩ⥄↱ౄ ߩ᡽╷ේℂߢ޽ࠆޟ⥄ᴦ self-governmentޠ߳ߩ᜸ᚢߢ޽ߞߚޕ ࠣ࡯࠴ߪޟ⥄↱ߩ⹺⍮ߣ⥄↱ߩታ〣ޠࠍ㊀ⷞߒޔࠬࠗࠬ߿ࠝ࡜ࡦ࠳ޔࡕࡦ࠹ࡀࠣࡠߩޟ౒ ๺࿖ߩᴺޠߩᗧ⟵ࠍᒝ⺞ߔࠆ㧔p.313㧕ޕޟᅛ㓮⾏ᤃ native Questionޠߣ޿߁ේ૑᳃໧㗴 ߽Ꮲ࿖ߩ໧㗴ߢ޽ߞߚޕࠣ࡯࠴ߩಣᣇ▐ߪޔ╙ 1 ߦᬀ᳃࿾߇⥄ᴦ self-government ࠍ߽ߟ ޟᬀ᳃࿾ㅪว Colonial Federationޠ(pp.342-3)ߢ޽ࠅޔ╙㧞ߪᏢ࿖ౝߩ⥄↱⾏ᤃ㧔p.344㧕ޔ ╙㧟ߪᧄ࿖⼏ળ߳ߩઍ⼏೙ߩᒝൻ㧔p.345㧕ߢ޽ࠆޕ Gooch ߩ⚿⺰ߪޔ࠴ࠚࡦࡃ࡟ࡦࠄߩޟ㊄ᮭਥ⟵ plutocracyޠߦኻ᛫ߒߡ᡽ᴦ⊛᳃ਥਥ⟵ ࠍขࠅᚯߔߎߣߢ޽ࠅޔޟ㆏ᓼේℂ moral principlesޠߦࠃࠅࡈࠜ࠶ࠢࠬޔࠞ࠾ࡦࠣޔࠣ࡜ ࠶࠼ࠬ࠻࡯ࡦ߇ਥ໒ߒߚޟ㓏⚖ߢ߽࿖ኅߢ߽ߥ޿ᢥ᣿਎⇇ޠࠍ߼ߑߒޔߘߩታ⃻ߣߒߡᚢ ᤨ࿖㓙ᴺߣァ❗ࠍ࿑ߞߚ 1899 ᐕߩࡂ࡯ࠣળ⼏ߩ᧦⚂ߦᦼᓙߒߚޕߎߩᏢ࿖࠺ࠩࠗࡦߪޔࠬ ࡒࠬߩޟ⥄↱Ꮲ࿖㧩ว㇌ޠߣ޿߁ᵹࠇࠍ⛮ᛚߒޔේℂߩ㆏ᓼ⊛ߥ஥㕙ࠍਥᒛߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

㧟㧘⥄↱Ꮲ࿖ਥ⟵⠪ߩޟല₸⊛⥄↱Ꮲ࿖ޠ᭴ᗐ ╙ 2 ߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߪRichard Haldaneޔ Henry Asquithޔ Edward Greyޔ Lord Roseberyޔ Arnold WhiteޔHerbert Samuel ߣ޿ߞߚ⥄↱ౄߩᜰዉ⠪ߚߜߢ޽ࠅޔߘߩ⥄↱⾏ᤃߣᏢ࿖ ࠍ౒ሽߐߖࠆਥᒛ߆ࠄޟ⥄↱Ꮲ࿖ਥ⟵ޠߣ⒓ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕᯏ㑐⹹ޡᣂ⥄↱ਥ⟵ޢ߿ޔᏢ࿖ ߩࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߦޟല₸ efficiencyޠߦࠃࠆᡷ㕟ࠍ৻⽾ߐߖߚࡎࡢࠗ࠻ߩ Efficiency and Empire,1901ޔࠦ࡝ࡦ࡮ࡑࠪࡘ࡯߇⸃᣿ߒߚߎߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩ․⾰߆ࠄࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩਥᒛߒߚޟ⸒ ⺆ߩ᧤ޠ߇ᶋ߆߮਄߇ࠆޕ ࡉ࡝࠹ࡦᏢ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆޟ⥄↱Ꮢ႐⚻ᷣߩᒝൻޠޔޟዊߐߥ࿖ኅޠߣޟ࿖᳃⊛ല₸ޠ߇߹ ߕ⋡ߦߟߊޕౝ࿖᡽╷ߪޟ␠ળ┙ᴺ social legislationޠߦࠃࠆⴕ⽷᡽ᡷ㕟ޔᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟ߢޔߘ ߩౕ૕⊛ౝኈߪ⑌㈬ޔ૑ቛޔᢇ⽺ᴺᡷ㕟ޔ࿯࿾ᚲ᦭ޔ࿖᳃଻㒾ޔ⠧㦂ᐕ㊄ޔ࿾ᣇ⺖⒢ޔഭ

－85－ ௛⚵วߩ቟ోߢ޽ߞߚޕࡉ࡝࠹ࡦᏢ࿖ࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߚ߼ߩᣇ╷߇Ꮲ࿖ౝ߅ࠃ߮Უ࿖ߩ⥄↱⾏ ᤃߩᒝൻߢ޽ࠅޔ᡽ᴦ⊛ਥᒛߣߒߡᏢ࿖ߩޟ⥄↱⛔৻ Liberal Unityޠ߇ਥᒛߐࠇࠆޕߎߩ ਥᒛߪవߦ᜼ߍߚࠬࡒࠬߩޟ㧟ޔ␠ળߩ቟ቯൻࠍ߼ߑߔ⛔วޠ߅ࠃ߮ޟ㧠ޔ⚻ᷣ⊛೑⋉ޠ ߩⷰὐࠍ⛮ᛚߒߡ޿ࠆޕHerbert Samuel ߩ Liberalism,1902 ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔᏢ࿖ߣ࡝ࡌ࡜࡝࠭ ࡓࠍߟߥߋ⚌Ꮺߪޟ⥄ᴦ self-governmentޠߢ޽ߞߚ(p.327)ޕ

㧠㧘ޟࠕࡦࠣࡠ࡮ࠨࠢ࠰࠳ࡓޠ㧔ࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞㧕ߣޟࡉ࡝࠹ࡦᏢ࿖ㅪ㇌ޠ㧔࠾ࠦ࡞࠰ࡦ㧕 ╙ 3 ߦ 1903 ᐕߦ࠴ࠚࡦࡃ࡟ࡦߩ㑐⒢ᡷ㕟ߦ෻ኻߒޔ⥄↱⾏ᤃࠍᡰᜬߔࠆ࠲ࠗࡓ࠭ߩჿ᣿ ߦ⟑ฬࠍߒߚ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߩߥ߆߆ࠄࠕ࡞ࡈ࡟࠶࠼࡮ࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߣ S ࠪ࡯࡞࠼࡮࠾ࠦ࡞࠰ࡦߩ Ꮲ࿖⺰ࠍߣࠅ޽ߍࠆޕ ࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߪ Memorandum on fiscal policy of international trade,1903 ߢޔ࿖㓙⾏ᤃࠍ ⺰ߓߡ޿ࠆޕߘߎߢߪޟ਎⇇ಽᬺ international division of labourޠߦၮߠߊޟᏒ႐┹੎ޠ ߇࠺ࠩࠗࡦߐࠇޔޟଔᩰᒢജᕈޠߣޟઍᦧᕈޠ߇૞↪ߒޟଔᩰᱜ⽻ᵹ಴౉ᯏ᭴ޠ߇૞േߔ ࠆޟ⥄↱⾏ᤃ free tradeޠߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓ߇ឬ߈಴ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߪޟ⻉୘ੱߩᵴേ ജޠࠍ߽ߞߣ߽㊀ⷞߒޔߘߩߎߣ߇⊒ើߐࠇࠆല₸⊛ߥᏒ႐߇ޟੱޘߩḩ⿷ satisfaction of peopleޠࠍᦨᄢߦߔࠆᯏ᭴ߣߒߡផᅑߐࠇߚޕߘߩ႐วޟ⚻ᷣല₸ߩℂ⺰ޠ߇ࠃࠅ♖✺ߢ޽ ࠆޕⷞὐߪ߹ߕ⚻༡⠪߅ࠃ߮ഭ௛⠪ߩ⥄↱ߥᵴേߦ޽ࠅޔ⥄↱⾏ᤃߦࠃࠆ࿖㓙┹੎ߢ↢↥ ⠪߇┹੎ߦ⽶ߌߡ߽ޔᲧセ↢↥⾌ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄᔅὼߣ⷗ࠆޔᄌࠊߞߡ࿖ౝߢߪ૑ቛޔᢎ⢒ޔ ᇅᭉޔᣏⴕߣ޿ߞߚઍᦧ⊛ᣂ↥ᬺ߇❥ᩕߔࠆߣޔ㓹↪ߪ⏕଻ߐࠇࠆߣ↥ᬺ᭴ㅧߩ㜞ᐲൻࠍ ዷᦸߔࠆޕࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߩⷞὐߪޔනߥࠆ↢↥⠪ߩⷞὐ߆ࠄޔޟࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ㔛ⷐࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆᶖ ⾌⠪ޠߩⷞὐߦࠪࡈ࠻ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ㋕㆏߿⦁ߩ⊒㆐ߦࠃࠆ࿖㓙⊛ߥ⥄↱⾏ᤃߩ᜛ᄢߪ‛⾗቟ ଔࠍዉߊߣ޿߁႐วޔࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߩޟ⚻ᷣല₸ޠ⺰ߪޔޡ⚻ᷣቇේℂޢ╙ 5 ✬ߦ߅ߌࠆޟ␠ ળߩㅴᱠޠߪޔޟᔟᭉၮḰޠ߆ࠄޟ↢ᵴේℂޠ߳ߩࠪࡈ࠻ߣ⴫⃻ߐࠇߚޕ ࿖ኅ੺౉ߦߟ޿ߡޔࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߪߎࠇࠍޟੱޘߩḩ⿷ satisfaction of peopleޠߩߚ߼ߦᯏ ⢻ߔࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆޕⶄ㔀ߢᏂᄢൻߒߚੱ㑆↢ᵴߣޔჇᄢߒߚ⍮⼂ߣንޔ౏౒⊛ߥ⟵ോߩ ᮡḰൻߦࠃࠅ␠ળ⊛ᑷኂ߿ਇḩߦ↞ࠎߓࠆ⒟ᐲߪዋߥߊߥࠅޔ᡽ᐭߩⴕ᡽ቭߩ⍮ᕈ߿㜞ẖ ߇㜞߹ߞߡ޿ࠆߚ߼ޔ࿖ኅ߇Ꮢ႐ߦ੺౉ߔࠆ႐วߩ⚻ᷣല₸ࠍૐਅߐߖࠆෂ㒾߇ዋߥߊߥ ߞߡ޿ࠆߣߺߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕၮᧄ⊛ⷞὐߪࠬࡒࠬߩޟ⥄ὼ⊛⥄↱ߩ૕♽ system of natural libertyޠߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߩⷞὐߪޟ࿖᳃⊛ಽ㈩ޠߩ⚻ᷣല₸ߦ޽ࠅޔ࿖㓙⒎ ᐨߢ㊀ⷞߒߚߩߪ↥ᬺ⊛ߥ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ㧔ⷓᮭ㧕ߢ޽ߞߚޕߘߎߢਥᒛߒߚߎߣߪޔޟⷓ ⠪ the leaderޠߢߪߥߊޟ৻ⷓ⠪ a leaderޠߢ޽ࠅޔޟᦨ߽ᅢ߹ࠇࠆ࿖ኅ most-faboured- nationޠߣߥࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠅޔߘࠇߪౕ૕⊛ߦߪޟ⧷ߣ☨ޠࠍゲߦߔࠆޟࠕࡦࠣࡠ㧩ࠨࠢ࠰ ࠳ࡓㅪว federated Anglo-Saxondamޠߣߒߡዷᦸߐࠇߚޕ ࠤࡦࡉ࡝࠶ࠫᄢቇතᬺᓟࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼㧔ࠛࠫࡦࡃ࡜㧕ߢ⚻ᷣቇࠍᢎ߃ߚ࠾ࠦ࡞࠰ࡦ߽ޔ ࠬࡒࠬߩ⠨߃ࠍ⛮ᛚߒߡ޿ߚ߇ޔࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߩޟࠕࡦࠣࡠ㧩ࠨࠢ࠰࠳ࡓㅪวޠߦᲧߴࠆߣ ࠃࠅ৻࿖⊛ߥޟ࿖᳃㧩Ꮲ࿖ Nation-Empireޠߩⷰὐߦ┙ߜޔޟࡉ࡝࠹ࡦᏢ࿖ㅪ㇌ Federation

－86－ of British Empireޠࠍ᭴ᗐߒߚޕ࠾ࠦ࡞࠰ࡦߩᏢ࿖࠺ࠩࠗࡦߪ Principles of Political Economy,1901 ߩ╙ 19 ┨ Colonies and Dependencies ߢ⴫᣿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߘߎߢޟᲣ࿖ Mother Countyޠߣᬀ᳃࿾ߩ㑐ଥߪޟᚲ᦭ޠ߆ࠄޟᚲ᦭⠪ޠߦᄌൻߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⹺⼂ߐࠇޔ

࿖㒐⾌ߩჇᄢ߇Უ࿖ߦㆊ೾ߥ⽶⩄ߦᖠ߹ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⃻ታ߇໧㗴ߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߘߎ߆ࠄࠃ ﹇第一日目﹈ ࠅ⚻⾌ߩ߆߆ࠆᣂᬀ᳃࿾ߩ₪ᓧߪᛕ್ߐࠇޔޟࡉ࡝࠹ࡦᏢ࿖ో૕೙ whole constitutionޠⷞ 第三会場 ὐ߆ࠄߩᡷ㕟߇ਥᒛߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ ޟࡉ࡝࠹ࡦᏢ࿖ో૕೙ޠߦ߅޿ߡ╙৻ߦ߽ߣ߼ࠄࠇࠆߩߪޔޟᶏァജߩ⛽ᜬޠߢ޽ࠆޕ ߎࠇߪᏢ࿖ߩ቟ోࠍ㊀ⷞߒ Navigation Act ૕೙ߩ⛽ᜬࠍਥᒛߒߚࠬࡒࠬࠍ⛮ᛚߒߡ޿ࠆޕ ╙ੑߦߪᏢ࿖ౝߩઍ⼏᡽૕㧔⼏ળ߳ߩෳട㧕ߢ޽ࠅޔ╙ਃߪޟ⁜޿⚻ᷣ⊛ߥ೑ኂޠࠍ౒᦭ ߔࠆޟ⥄↱ߣ⥄ὼ⊛ⷫᗲᗵᖱ liberty and natural affectionޠߢ޽ߞߚޕઍ⼏᡽૕ߦߟ޿ߡ ߪޔੱญ߇ᄙ޿ߚ߼ޟ৻ੱ৻␿ߩℂᗐ⊛૕೙ޠߪਇน⢻ߢ޽ࠅޔᦧࠊࠅߦޟታ㓙ߦ⢻ജ⊒ ើߔࠆ actual working capacityޠޟᱧผ⊛ᓇ㗀ജࠍᜬߟᄙᢙ multitudeޠ߆ࠄߥࠆޟ₺౰ the crownޠߣޟౝ㑑 the cabinetޠ߇᭴ᗐߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߘߎߢߪޟหᗵߣหᗧ sympathy and consentޠޔޟᗵ⻢ߣⷫᗲߩᖱ gratitude and affectionޠࠍ⚌Ꮺߣߒޔ⺖⒢߅ࠃ߮Ꮲ࿖㒐ⴡ ߩァ੐ജ߽౒᦭ߒޔޟࡉ࡝࠹ࡦᏢ࿖ߩో⾗Ḯ߇Ꮲ࿖ߩోੱ᳃ߩᦨᓟߩߚߊࠊ߃ last reserveޠ ߣߥࠆࠃ߁ߥޟㅪวᏢ࿖ޠ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇޔ࠾ࠦ࡞࠰ࡦߪߎࠇࠍޟᄌೣߩ૕೙ constitution of anomaliesޠߣฬઃߌߚޕࠬࡒࠬߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞࠍᔨ㗡ߦ⟎޿ߚޟࡉ࡝࠹ࡦᏢ࿖ว㇌⺰ޠߪޔߎ ߎߢߪࠗࡦ࠼߿ࠞ࠽࠳ߣ޿ߞߚᣂߒ޿ᬀ᳃࿾ࠍ㗔᦭ߔࠆᲑ㓏ߩޟᏢ࿖ㅪ㇌ޠߩ᭴ᗐߦ⊒ዷ ߐߖࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ࠾ࠦ࡞࠰ࡦߦߣߞߡࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩ⁛┙ߪޟࡉ࡝࠹ࡦᏢ࿖ㅪ㇌ޠߩᄬᢌߩᢎ ⸠ߢ޽ࠆޕޡ⚻ᷣቇේℂޢߢዷ㐿ߐࠇߚߎߩ nation=empire ߩޟࡉ࡝࠹ࡦᏢ࿖ㅪ㇌ޠߩ⠨ ߃ߪޟේࠬࡒࠬޠߩ᭴ᗐߩᑧ㐳ߦ޽ࠅޔߎߩ᭴ᗐߪ A Project of Empire,1909 ߦ⛮ᛚߐࠇ ߡ޿ࠆޕ

㧡㧘ᣂ⥄↱ਥ⟵ߩޟஜోߥᏢ࿖ਥ⟵ޠ⺰ ╙ 4 ߦขࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇࠆߩߪߎߎ 30 ᐕߩ⎇ⓥผߩߥ߆ߢޟᣂ⥄↱ਥ⟵ޠߩਛᩭߣ⹏ଔߐࠇ ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ߈ߚ J.A.ࡎࡉࠬࡦߣ L.T.ࡎࡉࡂ࠙ࠬߩᏢ࿖ਥ⟵߅ࠃ߮ࡉ࡝࠹ࡦᏢ࿖ߦߟ޿ ߡߩޟ⸒⺑ߩ᧤ޠߢ޽ࠆޕ ࡎࡉࠬࡦߪ⥄ਥ⊛ߥޟ⥄↱ࡉ࡝࠹ࡦ⻉࿖ኅㅪ㇌ޠߦหᗧߔࠆߩߪኈᤃߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔߘߩౝ ኈࠍ଻㓚ߔࠆߩߪޔ࿖ౝᄖߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣ⊛ߥޟ⌀ߦ᳃ਥ⊛ޠߥ᡽╷ߣ೙ᐲߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨ ߃ߡߚ㧔The Inner meaning of protectionism, The Contemporary Review, Vol.84, 1903㧕ޕ ߘߎߢᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆߩߪޔ࿖ౝ⊛ߦߪ↥ᬺ᳃ਥ⟵ߣਇᐔ╬ߥᚲᓧ߇ౣಽ㈩ߐࠇࠆ⽷᡽᡽╷ ߢ޽ࠅޔ࿖㓙⊛ߦߪޟ⚐ല↪ޠࠍჇᄢߔࠆᐔ๺ߩẜ࿷⊛଻㓚ޔᏢ࿖ౝߩޟ⥄ᴦ᡽ᐭޠߩ⏕ ┙ߢ޽ࠅޔߘࠇߪᏢ࿖ౝߢ᳃ਥ⊛ߥᯏ⢻ࠍჇᄢߐߖࠆᣂߒ޿᡽ᴦᯏ᭴ࠍౕ஻ߒޔޟ᣿⏕ߥ ᒻࠍᜬߚߥ޿਎⇇ਥ⟵ amorphous cosmopolitanismޠߦ┙⣉ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚޕ ߎߩޟ਎⇇᡽ᐭޠߩ᧦ઙߪޟ࿖㓙㆏ᓼߦ߅ߌࠆ⌀ߩഞ೑ਥ⟵ޠߢ޽ࠅޔߘߩ᧦ઙߩ߽ߣ ߢ࿖㓙␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆޟ⿧Ⴚ⊛ transnationalޠߥޟੱ㑆⊛ⷫ⌬ߣᒝ࿕ߥ᦭ᯏ⊛⺞๺ human

－87－ fellowship and strong organic harmonyޠ߇ᷓ߹ࠅޔ⚻ᷣ⊛ߦߪ⥄↱⾏ᤃ૕೙ߩ߽ߣߢޟ޽ ࠄࠁࠆ⻉࿖᳃ߩ㓸ว⊛ߥ⑳⋉ collective self-interests of whole nationsޠ߇଻㓚ߐࠇޔޟ⥄ ↱ߥ⥄Ꮖ⴫⃻ free self-expressionޠߣޟ࿖᳃⊛ߥ㆏ᓼ national moralityޠ߇଻⸽ߐࠇࠆߣ ዷᦸߐࠇߚޕ ࡎࡉࡂ߽࠙ࠬ Democracy and Reaction,1904 ߩߥ߆ߢᏢ࿖ਥ⟵ߦኻߒߡࠦࡉ࠺ࡦ⊛ߥ ޟᐔ๺ߩ࠺ࠩࠗࡦޠࠍ⛮ᛚߒޔ࿖ౝ⊛ߦߪੱᩰߩఝవޔᕭᗧߦኻߔࠆᴺߩఝ⿧ޔ࿖ኅ੺౉ ߦࠃࠆਇᐔ╬ߩᤚᱜߩߚ߼ߩ᳃ਥ᡽ᐭࠍਥᒛߒޔ1891 ᐕߩ࠼ࠗ࠷␠ળ᳃ਥౄߩ✁㗔ߦ߅ߌ ࠆޟวℂ⊛㓸ว⊛␠ળ᡽╷ޠߩផᅑߒޔ࿖㓙⊛ߦߪ୘ੱߩ⥄↱ޔᬀ᳃࿾⥄ᴦޔ࿖᳃⊛ᮭ೑ޔ ⥄↱⾏ᤃޔ⚻⾌ߩ▵ᷫࠍਥ໒ߒߚޕࡎࡉࡂ࠙ࠬߦࠃࠇ߫ޔߎࠇࠄߩ᡽╷߿೙ᐲߪޟᢥ᣿ൻ ߐࠇߚ⻉᡽ᐭߩ౒ㅢ㆏ᓼᗵⷡ common moral senseޠߔߥࠊߜޟ౒หༀߦᔅⷐߥ⋧੕⊛ᛥ೙ ߩᗵⷡ the sense of reciprocal restraint necessary for the common goodޠߦᩮߑߔ߽ߩߢ ޽ߞߚޕ

㧢㧘߻ߔ߮ એ਄ߺߡ߈ߚࠃ߁ߦޔ20 ਎♿ೋ㗡ߩᏢ࿖ࡑࡀࠫࡔࡦ࠻ߩޟ⥄↱Ꮲ࿖ޠ࠺ࠩࠗࡦߪޔࠬࡒ ࠬߩࡉ࡝࠹ࡦᏢ࿖⺰ࠍෳᾖᨒߣߒߥ߇ࠄޔᣂߒ޿໧㗴ߦኻጺߒߡޟ⸒⺆ߩ᧤ޠࠍᄌኈߐߖ ߡ޿ࠆޕߘߩⷐὐߪએਅߩ⴫ߩࠃ߁ߦࡑ࠶ࡇࡦࠣߢ߈ࠆޕߎࠇߪ 20 ਎♿ೋ㗡ߩޟ⥄↱Ꮲ࿖ޠ ߦ㑐ߔࠆ tentative ߥޟ㓸ว⊛⸒⺆ collectiveޠߩࡑ࠶ࡊߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ੹ᓟߎߩࡑ࠶ࡊߩߐࠄ ߥࠆలታࠍ߼ߑߒߚ޿ޕ

Ꮢ႐࡮⚻ᷣ ┙ᴺ࡮᡽ᴦ ࿖㓙࡮Ꮲ࿖ ୶ℂ࡮㆏ᓼ

╙㧝ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ ⥄↱⾏ᤃ ౒๺࿖ߩᴺ ࡎ࡯ࡓ࡞࡯࡞ ⥄↱ਥ⟵

ฎౖ⊛⥄↱ਥ⟵ ⚻⾌▵ᷫ ࿾ᣇ⒢ᡷ㕟 ਎⇇ᐔ๺ޔࠦࠬࡕࡐ࡝࠲ࡦ

⢻ജଢ⋉ኻᔕේℂ ᬀ᳃࿾ㅪว

╙ 2 ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ ၞౝ⥄↱⾏ᤃ ␠ળ┙ᴺޔⴕ⽷᡽ᡷ㕟 ࡉ࡝࠹ࡦᏢ࿖ ⥄↱ਥ⟵

⥄↱Ꮲ࿖ਥ⟵ ല₸ ᢎ⢒ᡷ㕟ޔ␠ળ⑔␩ޔ ⥄↱⛔৻Ꮲ࿖ ୘ੱ⊛ല₸

ഭ௛⚵วߩ቟ో ⥄ᴦޔ໡ᬺ┙࿖

╙ 3 ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ ၞౝ⥄↱⾏ᤃ ല₸ࠍ೥߇ߥ޿੺౉ ⷓ⠪ߩߥ߆ߩ৻ⷓ⠪ ⥄↱ਥ⟵

⚻ᷣቇ⠪ Ꮢ႐ࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓ ᶖ⾌⠪଻⼔ ࠕࡦࠣࡠ࡮ࠨࠢ࠰ࡦ࠳ࡓ ↢ᵴၮḰ

ࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ ↥ᬺߩ㜞ᐲൻ ഞ೑ਥ⟵

╙ 3 ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ ၞౝ⥄↱⾏ᤃ ቟ో㊀ⷞ ࡉ࡝࠹ࡦᏢ࿖ㅪ㇌ ⥄↱ਥ⟵

⚻ᷣቇ⠪ ಽᬺ ㄘᬺ࡮ഭ௛⠪଻⼔ Ꮲ࿖ઍ⼏᡽૕ ୘ੱߩዅ෩

࠾ࠦ࡞࠰ࡦ ቟ో ᶏァജ ቟ో

╙ 4 ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ ਎⇇⥄↱⾏ᤃ ᳃ਥ೙ᐲޔᏒ᳃ෳടޔ ⥄ᴦޔᐔ๺ޔ ⥄↱ਥ⟵

ᣂ⥄↱ਥ⟵ ᚲᓧߩౣಽ㈩ ᴺߩఝ⿧ ਁ࿖ਥ⟵ ࿖㓙ഞ೑ਥ⟵

⚻⾌ߩ⑔␩ᯏ⢻ ␠ળ᡽╷ޔੱᮭ ࿖᳃⊛ᮭ೑ ࿖㓙ᐔ๺ 㧔ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ߦߟ޿ߡߪቇળᒰᣣߦ೎⚕ߢឭଏߒ߹ߔ㧕

－88－ The dissemination of Louis Bachelier’s work in economics and mathematics.

Franck Jovanovic ﹇第一日目﹈ 第三会場

Louis Bachelier is doubtless the best known French mathematician in the history of modern finance theory. His work is known for the application to stock exchange operations that he proposed as early as 1900 in his doctoral thesis.

The canonical history of financial economics – the history created from a canon of texts and developed at the time financial economics – casts Bachelier as a formidable forerunner who was forgotten until the mid-1950s. His “rediscovery” is attributed to the American mathematician Leonard J. (“Jimmie”) Savage who, on coming across Bachelier’s work published in 1914, sent a postcard to his economist colleagues. However, Bachelier’s contribution to the development of scientific ideas has still not been accurately assessed. The main reason for this is that the dissemination of Bachelier’s work has not been clearly established. This is precisely my purpose: to examine the dissemination of Bachelier’s work in order to better assess his impact on the development of science.

Dissemination of Bachelier’s work since 1900

Contrary to the received notion given credence by the canonical history of financial economics, Bachelier’s work has never been forgotten; on the contrary, as the following graph shows, dissemination of his work began in 1912, the year his Calcul des probabilités was published, and has not ceased since. This graph also allows us to distinguish four periods in the use of Bachelier’s work. - The first period (1912 – 1923) is marked by a growing dissemination of Bachelier’s work. - The second period (1924 – 1960) exhibits a discontinuous and relatively weak dissemination of Bachelier’s work. - The third period (1961 – 1997) is marked by a renewed interest in Bachelier’s work, cited without interruption and more frequently. The highlight of this period is the publication in 1964 of Paul Cootner’s The Random Character of Stock Market Prices, in which Bachelier’s thesis was translated into English for the first time. - The fourth and final period (1998 – 2005) is marked by continuous referencing and an explosion in the number of citations of Bachelier’s publications.

Moreover, this graph shows that Bachelier was first known for Calcul des probabilités, and that his thesis began to be cited only in 1959, after which point Calcul des probabilités was barely cited at all – except for a single citation in 1937. Looking only at Bachelier’s two main publications, then, two very distinct periods in the dissemination of his work can be discerned: - 1912 to 1959, when only Calcul des probabilités was cited; - 1959 onwards, when the thesis has been almost the sole publication cited.

These two periods coincide with the four periods, because the break at the end of the 1950s is apparent here also. Let us now look more closely at this break.

1

－89－ Graph 2: Citations of Calcul des probabilités and Théorie de la spéculation, 1900 – 2005

40

35

30

25

THEORIE SPECULATION 20 CALCUL DES PROBABILITES

15

10

5

0

0 9 6 2 8 5 1 0 92 95 96 97 97 98 99 00 1912 1 1925 1933 1947 1953 1 1963 1 1969 1 1975 1 1982 1 1988 1 1994 1997 2 2003

The influence of Bachelier’s work

Bachelier and mathematics

Three elements characterize the dissemination of Bachelier’s work in mathematics journals (graph 5).

Graph 5: Citations of Calcul des probabilités and Théorie de la spéculation in mathematics journals, 1900 – 2005

6

5

4

CALCUL DES PROBABILITES 3 THEORIE SPECULATION

2

1

0 1912 1913 1919 1920 1922 1923 1925 1928 1932 1933 1937 1940 1947 1948 1949 1953 1956 1957 1963 1965 1967 1968 1969 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1978 1980 1981 1982 1983 1985 1988 1989 1991 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Mathematics

- First element: in the first part, we saw that Bachelier’s works began to be cited from 1912 onwards. This early use of Bachelier’s work occurred in articles published in mathematics journals. - Second element: we observe that Calcul des probabilités achieved relatively good dissemination among mathematicians.

2

－90－ - Third element: we observe that, with one exception, articles published in mathematics journals until 1957 cited Calcul des probabilités exclusively, totally ignoring Bachelier’s thesis; and then, from 1983 onwards, with only a few exceptions, Bachelier’s thesis alone was cited. ﹇第一日目﹈ This periodization (prior to 1987 and after 1963) corresponds with the division into four 第三会場 periods identified. In order to understand this periodization, we need to bear in mind Bachelier’s scientific aim on the one hand and the context in which he published his works on the other.

Let us begin by examining the scientific aim of Bachelier’s work. He studied mathematics and mathematical physics and defended his thesis in mathematical physics. Considering his education, he was therefore a mathematician, not an economist or financial analyst. Similarly, his research program dealt with mathematics alone: his aim was to construct a general, unified theory of the calculation of probabilities exclusively on the basis of continuous time.

The sequence of events in his work on his scientific aim was as follows.

His first publication, Théorie de la spéculation, which was also his doctoral thesis, introduced continuous time probabilities by demonstrating the equivalence between the results obtained in discrete time and in continuous time.

His 1901 article, “Théorie mathématique du jeu,” enabled him to generalize the first results contained in his thesis by moving systematically from discrete time to continuous time and by adopting what he called a “hyperasymptotic” point of view.

In 1912, Bachelier published Calcul des probabilités. It was through this book that mathematicians learned of Bachelier’s work. The object of Calcul des probabilités was to “make known new methods and new results that represent […] a complete transformation of [ the calculation of probabilities ]. The basis of these new studies is the conception of continuous probabilities […]”.

This review of Bachelier’s scientific aim underlines the mathematical character of Bachelier’s research. Although his mathematics research program undoubtedly originated from his interest in financial markets, it is clear that, once embarked upon his scientific career, Bachelier took no further interest in financial markets other than for the mathematical results he deduced from them. To understand the mathematical importance of his works, let us now look at the context in which they were published.

As mentioned earlier, Bachelier was interested in the calculation of probabilities in continuous time. However, development of continuous time probability theory did not truly begin until 1931. Bachelier was thus a forerunner. Yet he was not the only mathematician seeking to reconstruct traditional probability theory: a number of publications aimed at renewing this theory emerged between 1900 and 1930. During this period, several authors were working on random variables and on the generalization of the central limit theorem. Louis Bachelier was one of the firsts to propose continuous time results, on Brownian motion in particular. However, up until the 1920s, his work remained known and accessible only to a few specialists. The 1920s, then, were a period of very intensive research into probability theory – and into continuous time

3

－91－ probabilities in particular – that paved the way for the construction of modern probability theory.

Modern probability theory was properly created in the 1930s, in particular through the work of Kolmogorov, who proposed its main founding concepts. In constructing some of his new concepts Kolmogorov used Bachelier’s work, which he considered to be the first study of stochastic processes in continuous time, and which he generalized in his 1931 article. From these beginnings in the 1930s, modern probability theory developed and became increasingly influential. But it was not until after World War II that the Kolmogorov’s axioms became the dominant paradigm in this discipline. It is also after World War II that the American probability school was born in the United States. It was led by Doob and by Feller, both of whom cited Bachelier’s work very early on. These two writers had a major influence on the construction of modern probability theory, particularly through their two man books published in the early 1950s which proved, on the basis of the framework laid down by Kolmogorov, all results obtained prior to the 1950s, thereby enabling them to be accepted and integrated into the discipline’s theoretical corpus.

This context reveals the full importance and originality of Bachelier’s scientific aim regarding the mathematical theory of probability calculation. In 1900, when Bachelier was defending his thesis, continuous time probabilities were in their infancy and probability theory as a whole was a discipline undergoing total reconstruction. Between the end of the 19th century and the 1930s, the only work being carried out in this new field was the particularly innovative work of mathematicians and physicists. Bachelier was one of these mathematicians, as was his thesis supervisor, Henri Poincaré.

The first thing to note is that throughout the period in which modern probability theory emerged and developed – from the turn of the 20th century through to the 1930s – Calcul des probabilités, the sole publication of Bachelier to be cited, was used by mathematicians. In other words, Calcul des probabilités formed part of the reference works for mathematicians at the time this new discipline was being constructed.

Another significant element is that Bachelier’s works were cited by the period’s main contributors to modern probability theory and are often associated with some of the greatest probability theorists of the time, underlining the fact that Bachelier’s work was considered sufficiently important and innovative by mathematicians at the time. Subsequently, from the end of the 1950s, citations of Calcul des probabilités ceased, with Bachelier’s thesis alone being cited from then on. This singular break raises the following question: what explanation can there be for the fact that writers suddenly ceased using the work of an author who had served as a reference and from then on only cited his first published work, even though no references had been made to this work in the past?

We have seen that Bachelier’s work was disseminated through the Calcul des probabilités. I have also explained that during the 1940s and 1950s, mathematicians rigorously proved the main results obtained by Bachelier, thereby making modern probability theory more accessible. The manner in which a work can be used is very informative in this regard: by citing Bachelier’s doctoral thesis, writers highlighted the priority of Bachelier’s work, that is, the fact that he was the first to propose results that subsequently became common knowledge (Brownian motion, continuous time probabilities, etc.). Writers then therefore looked for the first publication by Bachelier to

4

－92－ deal with continuous time probabilities, independently of this first publication’s influence; this explains why Bachelier’s thesis only began to be cited when Bachelier’s mathematical work was no longer influencing research work in this field.

We may conclude, then, that Bachelier’s work was initially used by mathematicians ﹇第一日目﹈ because it was at the leading edge in its field and thus constituted a vital reference 第三会場 (which explains why Bachelier’s name is mentioned along with those of other great mathematicians). Later, once modern probability theory had been sufficiently developed, mathematicians drew on this new work and no longer on Bachelier’s work, which explains why his Calcul des probabilités ceased being cited.

Bachelier and economics

Generally speaking, throughout the entire period, articles published in economics journals cite almost exclusively Bachelier’s thesis. Furthermore, graph 8 shows that economists only began to cite Bachelier’s work from the 1960s onwards, with the exception of two instances, one in 1923 and the other in 1953 – which, moreover, cite Calcul des probabilités and not Théorie de la spéculation. Lastly, it is only from 1961 onwards that Bachelier’s works are cited in economics journals without discontinuity.

Graph 8: Citations of Calcul des probabilités and Théorie de la spéculation in economics journals, 1900 – 2005

14

12

10

8 CALCUL DES PROBABILITES THEORIE SPECULATION 6

4

2

0 1923 1953 1959 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Economics

Two questions arise with regard to the dissemination of Bachelier’s work among economists. First, what explains this belated interest in Bachelier’s work by economists? Second, knowing that Jimmie Savage, a mathematician at Chicago University, is considered responsible for the discovery of Bachelier’s work by economists in the 1960s, what impact did Savage have in economists’ discovery of Bachelier?

I have already shown that it cannot be asserted that Bachelier’s work had remained unknown, since Calcul des probabilités was cited from 1912. And yet, one might assume that, because citations of Bachelier’s thesis did not appear until the late 1950s, the applications of Bachelier’s work to financial markets were unknown. Again, this is not the

5

－93－ case, since Calcul des probabilités re-presents all the results contained in the thesis. Also, the absence of citations of Bachelier’s thesis does not imply ignorance of the possible applications of his work to financial markets. Moreover, it was mathematicians, such as Savage, who drew the attention of economists to this application of the developments of probability theory. However, contrary to the belief generally held since the canonical history was developed and circulated, Savage was not the first to have brought the usefulness of Bachelier’s work for the study of financial markets to the attention of economists: Bachelier’s work was applied to analyze financial markets as early as the 1920s.

In December 1922 a session on mathematical statistics was held at the seventh annual meeting of the Mathematical Association of America. Arne Fisher presented a mathematical formula introduced by Bachelier. This means that the absence of references by economists to Bachelier’s work prior to the 1950s cannot be explained by ignorance of its possible application to financial markets. The problem lies elsewhere, and must be sought by looking at the development of modern probability theory.

Economists were unable to read the new mathematics developed in Bachelier’s doctoral thesis until the 1960s. Consequently, the application of continuous time probabilities to financial markets could not be performed by economists. As mentioned earlier, it was only from the 1950s onwards that nonspecialists, and hence economists, began using the tools of modern probability theory. Knowing this gives us a better picture of Jimmie Savage’s “rediscovery” of Bachelier in the mid-1950s. Since Bachelier was already known to American mathematicians, it is reasonable to assume that Savage, as a mathematician, had been familiar with Bachelier’s mathematical work for some time. Why, then, did he send his famous postcard to bring Bachelier to the attention of his economist colleagues? Almost certainly because at the time the potential applications of Bachelier’s work to financial markets were unknown to virtually all economists, and few mathematicians had drawn attention to this potential. Savage sent his postcard at a time when some mathematicians were beginning to apply the new mathematics developed in the first half of the 20th century to social sciences. Savage was one of their number and it was his research in mathematics (and more specifically his research into the application of mathematics to social sciences) that led him to look at the application of Bachelier’s work to stock market operations. Savage therefore played a role in disseminating Bachelier’s work from one discipline to another. It is not surprising, then, that Bachelier’s work in finance should be “discovered” by economists from the late 1950s, nor that this discovery came via a mathematician, for whom a reading of Bachelier’s work was more accessible.

However, as we saw earlier, at the time when economists began using stochastic processes and modern probability theory, Bachelier’s Calcul des probabilités was no longer being referred to by mathematicians, who were now citing only Bachelier’s thesis. Calcul des probabilités was no longer cited because Bachelier’s results either had been superseded, or had been rewritten in language that integrated Kolmogorov’s axiomatic system of probability calculation and subsequent developments. Therefore, people were no longer reading Bachelier, but other mathematicians. A perfect illustration of this point is the case of the mathematician M.F.M. Osborne, who in 1959 published his article on Brownian motion in the stock market; he was unaware of Bachelier’s work but referred to more recent results. Furthermore, when the application of Bachelier’s work to finance was rediscovered, his mathematical work had lost its innovative character; Théorie de la spéculation was at this point cited to provide historical perspective.

6

－94－ ࡇࠣ࡯ലᨐߩᒻᚑㆊ⒟̆̆ࠤࠗࡦ࠭ޡ৻⥸ℂ⺰ޢ೨ᓟߦ߅ߌࠆࡇࠣ࡯ᄬᬺ⺰ߩㅪ⛯ᕈ

ᣣᧄቇⴚᝄ⥝ળ․೎⎇ⓥຬ PD㧔␹ᚭᄢቇ⚻ᷣቇ⎇ⓥ⑼㧕 㜞⷗ౖ๺

ᐨ⺰ ﹇第一日目﹈ ᧄႎ๔ߪ㧘1930 ᐕઍ߅ࠃ߮ 40 ᐕઍೋ㗡ߩࠕ࡯ࠨ࡯࡮C࡮ࡇࠣ࡯ߩࡑࠢࡠ⚻ᷣℂ⺰ࠍ⠨ኤߔ 第三会場 ࠆޕࡇࠣ࡯ߪ㧘೑ሶ₸ߩ᳓Ḱߦ߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩಾࠅਅߍ߇㓹↪ߩ᜛ᄢߦ᦭ലߢ޽ ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߘ߁ߣദ߼ߚޕߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ࠤࠗࡦ࠭߅ࠃ߮ࠞ࡞࠼ࠕߣߩ⺰੎ࠍㅢߓߡ㧘ࡇ ࠣ࡯ߪᦨ⚳⊛ߦ⥄ಽ߇⺋ߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ⹺߼ߚޕᧄႎ๔ߪ㧘ߎߩ⺰੎ߦ߅ߌࠆࡇࠣ࡯ߩᢌ ർߪ㧘߆ࠇߩ⼏⺰ߩౝ⊛⍦⋫ߦ޽ࠆߩߢߪߥߊ㧘ޡᄬᬺߩℂ⺰ޢ㧔1933 ᐕ㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ߆ࠇ߇ ⸒෸ߒߚ᭎ᔨࠍ᣿␜⊛ߦℂ⺰ൻߒߥ߆ߞߚߎߣߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆߣਥᒛߔࠆޕߐࠄߦ㧘1943 ᐕߩ ⺰ᢥߢឭ␜ߐࠇߚޟࡇࠣ࡯ലᨐޠߪ㧘ߘߩ᭎ᔨߩℂ⺰ൻߢ޽ࠆߣ⸃㉼ߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ ࠆߎߣߦ߽⸒෸ߔࠆޕࡇࠣ࡯ലᨐࠍዉ౉ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘߆ࠇߪ㧘೑ሶ₸ߩ᳓Ḱߦ߆߆ ࠊࠄߕ⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩಾࠅਅߍߪ㓹↪ߩ᜛ᄢߦ᦭ലߢ޽ࠆߣਥᒛߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߦߥߞߚޕ  ᧄႎ๔ߪ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯߇ޡᄬᬺߩℂ⺰ޢ߆ࠄ 1937 ᐕߩࠛࠦࡁࡒ࠶ࠢࠫࡖ࡯࠽࡞⹹߹ߢߩ޽޿ ߛᥧ㤩ߢߪ޽ࠆ߇৻⽾ߒߡ߭ߣߟߩᗐቯࠍ⟎޿ߡ޿ߚߎߣࠍਥᒛߔࠆޕߔߥࠊߜ㧘࿕ቯᚲ ᓧጀߩሽ࿷ߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩᗐቯࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ߪ⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ಾࠅਅߍߩ᦭ലᕈࠍਥᒛߒߚޕ ߒ߆ߒߘߩᓟ㧘1938 ᐕߩ⺰ᢥ߿ 1941 ᐕߩޡ㓹↪ߣဋⴧޢߦ߅޿ߡࡇࠣ࡯ߪ㧘ࠃࠅᵞ✵ߐ ࠇߚ⸃ᨆ⊛ᚻᴺߩዉ౉ߦኾᔃߒ㧘એ೨ߩᗐቯࠍߣࠄߥߊߥߞߚޕᧄႎ๔ߪ㧘1943 ᐕߩࡇࠣ ࡯ലᨐ߇㧘એ೨ߩᗐቯࠍ㧘ࠃࠅᵞ✵ߐࠇߚᚻᴺࠍ↪޿ߡℂ⺰ൻߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚߣ⷗ࠆߎ ߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣᜰ៰ߔࠆޕ  ࡇࠣ࡯ലᨐߦߚ޿ߔࠆએ਄ߩࠃ߁ߥ⸃㉼ߪ㧘Patinkin (1948)߅ࠃ߮ Haberler (1952)ࠄߩ ᓥ᧪⊛ߥ⸃㉼ߦ෻ߔࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿ޕ߆ࠇࠄߪ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ലᨐࠍ⾂⫾ߣ⾗↥ଔ୯ߩ㑐ଥߣߒ ߡߣࠄ߃ߚޕ߽ߒ⾗↥ߩታ⾰ଔ୯߇‛ଔߩਅ⪭ߦࠃߞߡ਄᣹ߔࠇ߫㧘⾂⫾ߪਅ⪭ߒ㧘ᶖ⾌ ߪ਄᣹ߒ㧘ߘࠇߦࠃߞߡ㓹↪߇᜛ᄢߔࠆޕߒ߆ߒ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ലᨐ߇ޡᄬᬺߩℂ⺰ޢߦࠃߞߡ ␜ߐࠇߚࠃࠅએ೨ߩ᭎ᔨߣห৻ߢ޽ࠆߣߔࠇ߫㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ലᨐߪࠃࠅ․ቯߩ⚻〝ࠍߟ߁ߓߡ ᯏ⢻ߔࠆߎߣࠍ␜ໂߢ߈ࠆޕ  Hutchison (1978)ࠄߩ߅߆ߍߢ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ߪዋߥߊߣ߽ 1930 ᐕઍߩ⃻ታߩᄬᬺ໧㗴ߦ߆ࠎ ߔࠆ⷗ㅢߒߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘ࠤࠗࡦ࠭ߣห᭽ߦ᜛ᒛਥ⟵⊛ߢ޽ߞߚߣߺߥߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚޕ ᧄႎ๔ߪ⋥ធߦߪߎߩ໧㗴ߦ⸒෸ߒߥ޿߇㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ߪ⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩ⺞ᢛߦ߽㊀ⷐᕈࠍ⹺߼ߡ ޿ߚߎߣࠍ⚿⺰ߣߒߡឭ␜ߔࠆޕ

ᄬᬺߩℂ⺰ߦ߅ߌࠆᗐቯ ࡇࠣ࡯ߩޡᄬᬺߩℂ⺰ޢߦߪ⁛․ߩᗐቯ߇޽ࠆޕߘࠇߪ㧘࿕ቯᚲᓧ㓏⚖߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߣ޿߁ ᗐቯߢ޽ࠆޕࡇࠣ࡯ߪᰴߩ⼏⺰ࠍᛕ್ߔࠆߚ߼ߦߎߩᗐቯߦ⸒෸ߒߡ޿ࠆޕߔߥࠊߜ㧘⽻ ᐊ⾓㊄ߩಾࠅਅߍߪห⒟ᐲߩ໡ຠ‛ଔߩਅ⪭ࠍ߽ߚࠄߒ㧘ታ⾰⾓㊄ࠍਅ⪭ߐߖߥ޿ߩߢ㧘 㓹↪ࠍ᜛ᄢߐߖࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿ߣ޿߁⼏⺰ߢ޽ࠆ(Pigou 1933, 101-102)ޕࡇࠣ࡯ߪߎߩ

－95－ ⼏⺰ߦ෻ኻߒ㧘ᚲᓧ߇↥ᬺᵴേߦ⋥ធߦᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߥ޿࿕ቯᚲᓧ㓏⚖߇ሽ࿷ߔࠇ߫㧘⽻ᐊ ⾓㊄ߩਅ⪭ߪታ⾰⾓㊄ߩਅ⪭ࠍ߽ߚࠄߒ߁ࠆߣਥᒛߒߚޕ࿕ቯᚲᓧ㓏⚖ߪ㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩᄌ േߣߘࠇߦࠃߞߡᒁ߈⿠ߎߐࠇࠆ‛ଔߩᄌേߣߩ޽޿ߛߩ✭ⴣ᧚ߩᓎഀࠍᨐߚߔޕߒߚ߇ ߞߡ㧘࿕ቯᚲᓧ㓏⚖߇ሽ࿷ߔࠇ߫㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩਅ⪭ߪ㧘ߘࠇࠃࠅ߽ዊߐ޿⒟ᐲߢߩߺ‛ଔ ߩਅ⪭ࠍߣ߽ߥ߁ߎߣߦߥࠅ㧘ታ⾰⾓㊄ߩਅ⪭ࠍ߽ߚࠄߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕࡇࠣ࡯ߪ㧘ߎߩ ᗐቯࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩᄌേ߇ߟߨߦታ⾰⾓㊄ߩਅ⪭ࠍ߽ߚࠄߒ㧘ߘࠇߦࠃߞߡ㓹↪ߩ ᜛ᄢࠍ߽ߚࠄߔߣਥᒛߒߚޕ  ߎߩ․᦭ߩᗐቯߦࠃߞߡ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ߪ㧘ᐔဋ⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩਅ⪭߇ߟߨߦ✚㓹↪ߩ਄᣹ࠍ߽ߚ ࠄߔࠃ߁ߥ⚻ᷣࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ⸳ቯߒߚޕ߆ࠇߪ㧘ࠤࠗࡦ࠭ߩ৻⥸ℂ⺰ߦߚ޿ߔࠆᦠ⹏㧔1936 ᐕ㧕 ߦ߅޿ߡ߽ߎߩࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ↪޿ߡ޿ࠆޕߘߎߢࡇࠣ࡯ߪ㧘ࠤࠗࡦ࠭ߦ෻⺰ߒߡ㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩ ਅ⪭ߪ೑ሶ₸ࠍਅ⪭ߐߖࠆߩߢߪߥߊ㧘೑ሶ₸ࠍ਄᣹ߐߖࠆߣਥᒛߒߚޕޡ৻⥸ℂ⺰ޢߦ߅ ޿ߡࠤࠗࡦ࠭ߪ㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩਅ⪭ߪ೑ሶ₸ࠍਅ⪭ߐߖࠆߣਥᒛߒߡ޿ߚޕߣ޿߁ߩ߽㧘ࠤ ࠗࡦ࠭ߪ㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩ✚ᡰᛄ޿㗵߇ᷫዋߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ✚⽻ᐊ㔛ⷐ߇ਅ⪭ߔࠆߣ⠨߃ߚ ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕ޿ߞ߸߁ࡇࠣ࡯ߪ㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩਅ⪭ߪ࿕ቯᚲᓧ㓏⚖ߩሽ࿷ߦࠃߞߡ⋥ធߦ⚻ ᷣࠍᵴᕈൻߐߖ㧘ߘࠇࠍㅢߓߡ✚⽻ᐊ㔛ⷐࠍჇടߐߖࠆߣ⠨߃ߚޕߎߩߚ߼߆ࠇߪ㧘⽻ᐊ ⾓㊄ߩਅ⪭ߪ೑ሶ₸ߩ਄᣹ࠍ߽ߚࠄߔߣㅀߴߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ  એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ߣࠤࠗࡦ࠭ߪᓐࠄߩࡕ࠺࡞ߩ⸳ቯ߇⇣ߥߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇߩᗐ ቯߩ߽ߣߢ৻⽾ߒߚ⼏⺰ࠍዷ㐿ߒߡ޿ߚߣ⸒߃ࠆޕࠤࠗࡦ࠭ߩ⸳ቯߢߪ㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩਅ⪭ ߪ㧘หᤨߦ೑ሶ₸ࠍਅ⪭ߐߖߥ޿㒢ࠅ㓹↪ࠍჇടߐߖࠆߎߣߪߥ޿ޕߒߚ߇ߞߡ㧘ᵹേᕈ ߩࠊߥߩ߽ߣߢߪ㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄߇ਅ⪭ߒߡ߽⚻ᷣߦߪߥࠎࠄᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߐߥ޿ޕ৻ᣇߢ㧘ࡇ ࠣ࡯ߩᗐቯߩ߽ߣߢߪ㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩಾࠅਅߍߪ⋥ធߦ㓹↪ࠍჇടߐߖࠆޕߥߗߥࠄ㧘࿕ቯ ᚲᓧ㓏⚖߇‛ଔਅ⪭ߦߚ޿ߔࠆ✭ⴣ᧚ߣߥࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥ࿕ቯᚲᓧጀࠍㅢߓߚ ലᨐߪ㧘ᵹേᕈߩࠊߥߩ⁁ᴫߢ޽ߞߡ߽㧘ߔߥࠊߜ೑ሶ₸߇ᦨૐ㒢ߩ᳓Ḱߦ޽ߞߡ߽᦭ല ߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᗐቯߦ߅ߌࠆ⋧㆑߇㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩಾࠅਅߍ߇ᵹേᕈߩࠊߥߩ⁁ᴫߦ ߅޿ߡ߽᦭ലߢ޽ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߦ߆ࠎߔࠆ⚿⺰ߩ⋧㆑ࠍ↢߻ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

ᄬᬺ⺰੎㧦ਇචಽߥ੤ᚢ ࡇࠣ࡯ߪ਄⸥ߩࠃ߁ߦ߆ࠇߩ⼏⺰ߩ৻⽾ᕈࠍਥᒛߔࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ߞߚߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㧘 1937-38 ᐕߩࠤࠗࡦ࠭ࠄߣߩᄬᬺ⺰੎ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘߆ࠇߩ․᦭ߩᗐቯࠍ᣿␜ߔࠆߎߣߪߥ߆ߞ ߚޕஜᐽ਄ߩℂ↱㧔ࡇࠣ࡯ߪ 20 ᐕઍᓟඨ߆ࠄᔃ⤳∛ࠍᖚߞߡ޿ߚ㧕߆ࠄ߆㧘޽ࠆ޿ߪ೎ߩ ℂ↱㧔ࡇࠣ࡯ߪࠤࠗࡦ࠭ߩஜᐽ໧㗴ࠍᔃ㈩ߒߡ޿ߚ㧕߆ࠄ߆޿ߕࠇߦߖࠃ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ߪࠤࠗ ࡦ࠭ߣߩ᣿⏕ߥⴣ⓭ࠍㆱߌ㧘1937 ᐕߩࠛࠦࡁࡒ࠶ࠢࠫࡖ࡯࠽࡞⹹ߩ⺰ᢥߦ߅޿ߡࡑࠢࡠ⚻ ᷣࡕ࠺࡞ࠍᵞ✵ߐߖࠆߎߣߦ㓸ਛߒߚޕ  ࡇࠣ࡯ߩ 1937 ᐕ⺰ᢥߪ㧘㓹↪߿೑ሶ₸ߥߤߩታ⾰߅ࠃ߮ฬ⋡ᄌᢙࠍหᤨߦ⠨ᘦߔࠆࡕ࠺ ࡞ࠍឬ౮ߒߚޕߒ߆ߒ߆ࠇߪ㧘ߎߩࡕ࠺࡞ߩ߰ࠆ߹޿ࠍቢోߦಽᨆߔࠆߎߣࠍߒߥ߆ߞߚޕ ߘߩ߆ࠊࠅߦ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ߪᥧ㤩ߦએ೨ߩᗐቯߦଐ᜚ߒ㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩਅ⪭ߪ೑ሶ₸ࠍਅ⪭ߐߖ

－96－ ࠆߩߢߪߥߊ਄᣹ߐߖࠆߣ➅ࠅ㄰ߒਥᒛߒߚޕࠤࠗࡦ࠭ߣࠞ࡞࠼ࠕߪߎߩਥᒛࠍᛕ್ߒߚޕ  ࠤࠗࡦ࠭ߪࠛࠦࡁࡒ࠶ࠢࠫࡖ࡯࠽࡞⹹ߩᰴภߦ߅޿ߡ߈ࠊ߼ߡ◲ẖߥᛕ್ࠍ⪺ߒߚޕ߆ ࠇߪ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ߩ⼏⺰ߦ߅ߌࠆ⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߣ೑ሶ₸ߣߩ㑐ㅪߦᛕ್ࠍ㓸ਛߐߖߚޕࠤࠗࡦ࠭ߪ㧘

ࡇࠣ࡯ߪߘߩ 2 ߟߩᄌᢙߩ޽޿ߛߦ⋥ធߩ㑐ㅪ߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍ⷗ㅏߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ߚޕߒߚ ﹇第一日目﹈ ߇ߞߡࠤࠗࡦ࠭ߪ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ߩ⼏⺰߇⍦⋫ࠍ఺ࠇࠆߚ߼ߦߪ㧘⽻ᐊଏ⛎㊂߇ᐔဋ⽻ᐊ⾓㊄₸ 第三会場 ߩᄌേߦᔕߓߡᄌൻߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ߣㅀߴߚޕߒ߆ߒ㧘ࠤࠗࡦ࠭ߩߎߩᛕ್ߪ߈ࠊ߼ ߡ◲ẖߦᦠ߆ࠇߚߚ߼㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ߪߎࠇࠍℂ⸃ߒߥ߆ߞߚޕ  ࡇࠣ࡯߇ᄬᬺ⺰੎ߦ߅ߌࠆᢌർࠍ⹺߼ࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚ⋥ធߩ߈ߞ߆ߌߪ㧘ࠤࠗࡦ࠭ߩᛕ ್⺰ᢥߦᷝઃߐࠇߚࠞ࡞࠼ࠕߩ⺰ᢥߢ޽ߞߚޕࠞ࡞࠼ࠕߪ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ߩࡕ࠺࡞ߩ߰ࠆ߹޿ࠍ ቢోߦಽᨆߒ㧘ߎߩࡕ࠺࡞ߦࠃࠇ߫⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩਅ⪭ߪ೑ሶ₸ߩਅ⪭ࠍߣ߽ߥࠊߥ޿㒢ࠅ㓹 ↪ࠍჇᄢߐߖߥ޿ߎߣࠍ᣿⏕ߦ⸽᣿ߒߚޕࠞ࡞࠼ࠕߩ⼏⺰ߪ㧘᣿␜⊛ߦᢙቇࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ↪޿ ߚߚ߼㧘ࠤࠗࡦ࠭ߩᣂᄸߥ↪⺆ߦߥߓߺߩߥ޿ࡇࠣ࡯ߦߣߞߡ߽㧘ℂ⸃ߩኈᤃߥ߽ߩߢ޽ ߞߚޕࡇࠣ࡯ߪࠛࠦࡁࡒ࠶ࠢࠫࡖ࡯࠽࡞⹹ߩߘߩᰴߩภߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ࠞ࡞࠼ࠕߩ⼏⺰߇ᱜߒ ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍ⹺߼ߚޕ  ߎߩࠃ߁ߦᄬᬺ⺰੎ࠍㅢߓߡ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ߪࡑࠢࡠ⚻ᷣࡕ࠺࡞߇⥄േ⊛ߦ⽻ᐊ⊛㑐ㅪࠍᗧ๧ ߔࠆߎߣࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚޕߘߒߡ㧘ߘߩࠃ߁ߥࡕ࠺࡞ߩ߰ࠆ߹޿ߪ⸃ᨆ⊛ᚻᴺࠍ ↪޿ࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡಽᨆߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߎߣࠍቇࠎߛޕઁᣇߢ߆ࠇߪ㧘߆ࠇߩ߽ߣ߽ߣ ߩਥᒛߣߪ⇣ߥࠆ⚿⺰ࠍฃߌ౉ࠇߑࠆࠍᓧߥߊߥߞߚޕߔߥࠊߜ߆ࠇߪ㧘ࠞ࡞࠼ࠕߩ⼏⺰ ࠍ⹺߼ࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩಾࠅਅߍߪ೑ሶ₸ߩਅ⪭ࠍߣ߽ߥࠊߥ޿㒢ࠅ㓹↪ࠍჇ ടߐߖߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍ⹺߼ߚޕ

ާ⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩಾࠅਅߍިߪ೑ሶ₸ߩᷫዋࠍߣ߽ߥࠊߥ޿㒢ࠅ㓹↪ߩჇടࠍߣ߽ߥࠊ ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩಾࠅਅߍߪ೑ሶ₸ࠍㅢߓߡ㓹↪㊂ߦ૞↪ߔࠆ ߣㆡಾߦ⸒߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ(Pigou 1938, 137)

ޡ㓹↪ߣဋⴧޢ㧔1941 ᐕ㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ߪࡑࠢࡠ⚻ᷣࡕ࠺࡞ߩᵞ✵ൻߦദ߼ߚޕߒ߆ߒ㧘 ߎߩ⪺૞ߦ߅޿ߡ߆ࠇߪ㧘࿕ቯᚲᓧ㓏⚖ߩሽ࿷ߣ޿߁ޡᄬᬺߩℂ⺰ޢߦ߅޿ߡ⟎߆ࠇߡ޿ ߚᗐቯࠍߣࠄߥ߆ߞߚޕ

ࡇࠣ࡯ലᨐ ࡇࠣ࡯ലᨐߪએ਄ߩࠃ߁ߥᢥ⣂ߩ߽ߣߢᣂߒ޿⸃㉼ࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕࡑࠢࡠࡕ࠺࡞ ࠍᵞ✵ߐߖࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ߪ㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩਅ⪭߇೑ሶ₸ߩ᳓Ḱߦ߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㓹↪ߩ᜛ᄢ ߦ᦭ലߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ᧄ᧪ߩਥᒛࠍขࠅᶖߐߑࠆࠍ߃ߥ߆ߞߚޕࡇࠣ࡯ലᨐߦ߆ࠎߔࠆ⼏⺰ ߪ㧘ߎߩೋᦼߩਥᒛ߳ߩ࿁Ꮻߢ޽ࠆߣߺߥߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ  1943 ᐕߩࠛࠦࡁࡒ࠶ࠢࠫࡖ࡯࠽࡞⹹ߦ߅޿ߡࡇࠣ࡯ߪࡇࠣ࡯ലᨐࠍ㐳ᦼ⊛໧㗴ߣߩ㑐ㅪ ߢ⼏⺰ߒߚޕߔߥࠊߜ㧘⚻ᷣߪਇᴫߦ㒱ߞߚߣ߈㧘㐳ᦼ⊛ߦቢో㓹↪ߩ⁁ᘒߦ࿁ᓳߔࠆ߆㧘

－97－ ޽ࠆ޿ߪ㜞ᄬᬺࠍᛴ߃ߚૐᚲᓧߩ⁁ᘒߢဋⴧߔࠆ߆ߣ޿߁໧㗴ߦ㑐ߒߡ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ߪ೨⠪ߩ ਥᒛࠍⴕߞߚޕࠤࠗࡦ࠭߅ࠃ߮ Hansen (1941)ߪ޿ߞ߸߁ߢᓟ⠪ߩ⚿ᨐࠍਥᒛߒߚޕ⼏⺰ߩ ὶὐߪ㧘ᵹേᕈߩࠊߥߩ⁁ᴫߦ߅޿ߡ⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩਅ⪭߇㓹↪ߦ᦭ലߢ޽ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߣ޿߁ ໧㗴ߢ޽ߞߚޕࡇࠣ࡯ߪ 1943 ᐕ⺰ᢥߦ߅޿ߡ㧘৻⥸‛ଔߩᄌേࠍ⾂⫾ߩᄌേߦᱜߩᣇะߦ 㑐ㅪઃߌߚޕߔߥࠊߜ㧘‛ଔ߇ਅ⪭ߔࠇ߫㧘⾂⫾ߪਅ⪭ߒ㧘ߘࠇߦࠃߞߡታ⾰ᶖ⾌߇᜛ᄢ ߒ㧘✚㔛ⷐ߇᜛ᄢߔࠆޕ⚿ᨐߣߒߡ㓹↪߇᜛ᄢߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆޕࡕ࠺࡞ߪ⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ࠍ᣿⏕ ߦขࠅ౉ࠇߡߪ޿ߥ޿߇㧘‛ଔߣኻᔕߒߡᄌേߔࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡᗐቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩㆊ⒟ ߪ㧘࿕ቯᚲᓧ㓏⚖ߩሽ࿷ߣ޿߁ೋᦼߩᗐቯࠍℂ⺰ൻߒߚ߽ߩߣ⷗ࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆޕߣ ޿߁ߩ߽㧘࿕ቯᚲᓧ㓏⚖߇⚻ᷣߦᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߔㆊ⒟ߪ㧘߹ߐߦࡇࠣ࡯ലᨐߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆ߆ࠄ ߢ޽ࠆޕ࿕ቯᚲᓧ㓏⚖߇㓹↪ߩ᜛ᄢߦነਈߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ㧘‛ଔ߇ਅ⪭ߒߚߣ߈ߦ߆ࠇࠄ߇ ታ⾰ᶖ⾌ࠍ᜛ᄢߐߖߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ޕ࿕ቯᚲᓧߩੱޘߪ㧘ਅ⪭ߒߚ‛ଔߩ߽ߣߢએ೨ߣ หߓᶖ⾌ⴕേࠍߣࠆߩߢߪߥߊ㧘‛ଔߩਅ⪭ߦೝỗߐࠇߡࠃࠅ᜛ᒛ⊛ߥᶖ⾌ⴕേࠍߣࠆߣ ޿߁ߩߪ⃻ታ⊛ߥᗐቯߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩࠃ߁ߦࠊࠇࠊࠇߪ㧘એਅߩࠃ߁ߦᱜᒰߦផ᷹ߔࠆߎߣ ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕߔߥࠊߜࡇࠣ࡯ߪ㧘࿕ቯᚲᓧ㓏⚖ߩሽ࿷߇‛ଔਅ⪭ߩ✭ⴣ᧚ߦߥࠆߣ޿߁⊒ᗐ ࠍ᣿␜ൻߒ㧘ࠃࠅᵞ✵ߐࠇߚࡑࠢࡠ⚻ᷣࡕ࠺࡞ߢ⴫⃻ߒߥ߅ߒߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕࡇࠣ ࡯ലᨐࠍᛂߜ┙ߡࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ߪ㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩਅ⪭ߪ೑ሶ₸ߩ᳓Ḱߦ߆߆ࠊࠄ ߕ㓹↪ࠍ᜛ᄢߐߖࠆߣ޿߁ೋᦼߩਥᒛࠍขࠅᚯߔߎߣߦᚑഞߒߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

⚿⺰  ᧄႎ๔ߪ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯߇ᥧ㤩ߦ࿕ቯᚲᓧ㓏⚖ߩሽ࿷ߣ޿߁ᗐቯࠍ↪޿ߡ޿ߚߎߣࠍ⷗಴ߒߚޕ ߎߩᗐቯߪ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ߦ․᦭ߩ 2 ߟߩ⚿⺰ࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚޕߔߥࠊߜ╙৻ߦ㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩਅ⪭ ߪ㓹↪ࠍ⋥ធߦᡷༀߔࠆޕ╙ੑߦ㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩਅ⪭ߪ೑ሶ₸ࠍ਄᣹ߐߖࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߣ ޿߁ 2 ߟߩ⚿⺰ߢ޽ࠆޕߒ߆ߒ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ߪ 1937-38 ᐕߩᄬᬺ⺰੎ࠍㅢߓߡߎߩᗐቯࠍ᣿␜ ߔࠆߎߣߪߥ߆ߞߚޕᧄႎ๔ߪߒߚ߇ߞߡ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ߪᗐቯߩ㆑޿ߦὶὐࠍᒰߡߡ޿ࠇ߫㧘 ߆ࠇߩ⼏⺰ߦ৻⽾ᕈ߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚߣਥᒛߔࠆޕߒ߆ߒታ㓙ߦߪ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ ߪᢙቇࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ⸳ቯߔࠆߎߣߦജࠍᵈ޿ߛޕ  ᧄႎ๔ߪߐࠄߦ㧘࿕ቯᚲᓧ㓏⚖ߩᗐቯߣࡇࠣ࡯ലᨐߩ޽޿ߛߦᒝ޿㘃ૃᕈ߇޽ࠆߎߣߦ ߽߰ࠇߚޕࡇࠣ࡯ߪ㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩಾࠅਅߍ߇ᵹേᕈߩࠊߥߩ⁁ᴫߦ߅޿ߡ߽㓹↪ࠍᡷༀߐ ߖࠆߣ޿߁ᧄ᧪ߩ⚿⺰ࠍ⸽᣿ߔࠆߚ߼ߦએ೨ߩ᭎ᔨߦ࿁Ꮻߒߚߣផ᷹ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ ߐࠄߦ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ലᨐ߇⃻ታߦߤߩࠃ߁ߦᯏ⢻ߔࠆ߆ߣ޿߁໧㗴ߦߚ޿ߒߡࠃࠅౕ૕⊛ߥ⸃ ㉼ࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕߔߥࠊߜ㧘໡ຠ‛ଔߩਅ⪭ߪ㧘࿕ቯᚲᓧߩੱޘߩᶖ⾌ࠍೝỗߒ㧘 ߘࠇߦࠃߞߡ✚㔛ⷐ߅ࠃ߮㓹↪ࠍჇᄢߐߖࠆߣ޿߁ㆊ⒟ࠍࡇࠣ࡯ߪᗐቯߒߡ޿ߚߣࠊࠇࠊ ࠇߪផ᷹ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ  એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯ߪ৻⽾ߒߡ⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩ⺞ᢛߩ᦭ലᕈࠍਥᒛߒߟߠߌߚޕߘߩ⢛ᓟ ߦ޽ࠆࡇࠣ࡯ߩᗧ࿑ߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚߢ޽ࠈ߁߆ޕታ㓙ߦߪ㧘߆ࠇߪࡇࠣ࡯ലᨐ ߇⃻ታߦ㊀ⷐߥᓇ㗀ࠍᜬߜ߁ࠆߣߪ⠨߃ߥ߆ߞߚޕߣ޿߁ߩ߽㧘ᄬᬺ߇ᄢ㊂ߦ⊒↢ߒ㧘⽻

－98－ ᐊ⾓㊄߇⛮⛯⊛ߦਅ⪭ߒߡ޿ࠆ⁁ᴫߢߪ㧘᡽ᐭ߇㧘ᡰ಴ࠍ᜛ᄢߐߖ✚㔛ⷐࠍ᜛ᄢߐߖࠆ߆㧘 ޽ࠆ޿ߪᦨૐ⾓㊄ࠍዉ౉ߒߡ⽻ᐊ⾓㊄߅ࠃ߮‛ଔߩਅ⪭ࠍ஗ᱛߐߖࠆߣࡇࠣ࡯ߪ⠨߃ߚ߆ ࠄߢ޽ࠆ(Pigou 1947, 187)ޕߒߚ߇ߞߡࡇࠣ࡯ߪ㧘ਇᴫᦼߦ⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩ⺞ᢛߦߩߺ㗬ࠆߴ

߈ߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚࠊߌߢߪߥ޿ޕ໧㗴ߪ㧘⚻ᷣߩ⥄േ⺞ᢛᯏ⢻ߦ㑐ߔࠆ߈ࠊ߼ߡℂ⺰⊛߆ߟ ﹇第一日目﹈ ᕁᗐ⊛ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕࡇࠣ࡯ߪ㧘⚻ᷣ߇ࡑࠢࡠਇဋⴧߦ㒱ߞߚ㓙ߦ߽⛮⛯⊛ 第三会場 ߦਅ⪭࿶ജ߇ടࠊࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆߩࠍᅢ߹ߥ߆ߞߚߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ෻ኻߦ㧘⚻ᷣߦߪ㐳ᦼ⊛ߦဋ ⴧࠍ࿁ᓳߔࠆ⢻ജ߇޽ࠆߣਥᒛߒࠃ߁ߣߒߚޕ߽ߒ⚻ᷣߦ㐳ᦼ⊛ߥ⥄േ⺞ᢛᯏ᭴߇ሽ࿷ߒ ߥ޿ߣߔࠆߥࠄ㧘ࡇࠣ࡯߇ዅᢘߒߡ߿߹ߥ߆ߞߚࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߩ⚻ᷣቇ߇㧘ߘߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍᄢ ޿ߦ៊ߨࠆߎߣߦߥࠆޕࡇࠣ࡯ലᨐ߅ࠃ߮ߘࠇએ೨ߩ⽻ᐊ⾓㊄⺞ᢛߩ᦭ലᕈࠍਥᒛߒࠃ߁ ߣߔࠆࡇࠣ࡯ߩ⢛ᓟߦߪ㧘ࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞⚻ᷣቇࠍᠩ⼔ߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆᗧ࿑߇޽ߞߚߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ

ઃ㍳ ࡇࠣ࡯ߩ 1937 ᐕ⺰ᢥߦ߅ߌࠆࡕ࠺࡞ߪએਅߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚޕ eF )( 1 rw   ,erVrM  eF )('  er , ߚߛߒ㧘w ߪ⽻ᐊ⾓㊄㧘r ߪ೑ሶ₸㧘F(e)ߪ✚㓹↪ e ߦଐሽߔࠆ↢↥㑐ᢙ㧘M ߪ೑ሶ₸ߦଐ ሽߔࠆ⽻ᐊ㊂㧘V ߪ⽻ᐊߩᚲᓧㅦᐲ㧘  ߪᤨ㑆ㆬᅢ₸ߢ޽ࠆޕ  ࠞ࡞࠼ࠕߪ 2 ⇟⋡ߩ╬ᑼࠍᰴߩ߽ߩߦઍᦧߒߚޕ erS  0, ߎߩ╬ᑼߪ㧘⾂⫾߇㧘೑ሶ₸ߣ㓹↪ߦଐሽߒ࠯ࡠߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆޕࠞ࡞࠼ࠕߪߎߩ ᣇ⒟ᑼ૕♽ࠍ⸃ᨆ⊛ߦಽᨆߒ㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩಾࠅਅߍ߇㓹↪ࠍჇᄢߐߖࠆ᧦ઙࠍዉ಴ߒߚޕ ⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩᄌൻߦߚ޿ߔࠆ㓹↪ߩჇಽߩᲧ₸ߪએਅߩࠃ߁ߦߥࠆޕ S 1 r de   r dw F' S C V S S I d C F S F'' V Y S D '  MVM T  M J D TV  Z  w F e E r U r Kde E F U F e [ e V V ߎߩᲧ₸߇⽶ߦߥࠆߚ߼ߦߪ㧘ߣࠅࠊߌ ߇ᱜߢ᦭㒢ߩ୯ߢߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ޕ ߇ r r de ή㒢ߩ୯ࠍߣࠇ߫㧘 ߪ࠯ࡠߦߥࠆߩߢ㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩਅ⪭ߪ㓹↪ߦߥࠎࠄᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߥ޿ޕ dw ࡇࠣ࡯ߪߎߩ⸽᣿ߦหᗧߒ㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩಾࠅਅߍߪᵹേᕈߩࠊߥߩ⁁ᴫߦ߅޿ߡߪ㓹↪ࠍ Ⴧടߐߖߥ޿ߎߣࠍ⹺߼ߚޕ  ৻⥸‛ଔߣ⾂⫾ߩᱜߩ㑐ㅪࠍขࠅ౉ࠇߚࡇࠣ࡯ߩᣂߒ޿ࡕ࠺࡞ߪએਅߩࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆޕ rI  0 wreS  0,,

－99－ ewF rV )(  M ߚߛߒ㧘I(r)ߪᛩ⾗㑐ᢙߢ޽ࠆ㧔ߎߩᣇ⒟ᑼ૕♽ߪ╩⠪߇න⚐ൻߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧕ޕߎߩࡕ ࠺࡞ࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩᄌൻߦኻߔࠆ㓹↪ߩჇಽߩᲧ₸ࠍએਅߩࠃ߁ߦዉ಴ߢ߈ࠆޕ C S S S FD  I T  '' MV de E r U w  dw C S S S wD  I T  '' MV E r U e ߎߩᲧ₸ߪ㧘ߚߣ߃ V’߇ή㒢ߩ୯ߢ޽ߞߚߣߒߡ߽㧘ߔߥࠊߜ⚻ᷣ߇ᵹേᕈߩࠊߥߩ⁁ᴫ ߦ޽ߞߚߣߒߡ߽㧘࠯ࡠߦߪߥࠄߕ⽶ߢ޽ࠅ⛯ߌࠆޕߎߩࠃ߁ߦߎߩࡕ࠺࡞ߪ㧘೑ሶ₸߇ ᦨૐ㒢ߩ᳓Ḱߦ޽ߞߚߣߒߡ߽⽻ᐊ⾓㊄ߩಾࠅਅߍ߇㓹↪ߩ᜛ᄢߦ᦭ലߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ࡇࠣ ࡯ߦ᦭೑ߥ⚿⺰ࠍ߽ߚࠄߔޕ

ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ Haberler, G. 1952. The Pigou effect once more. Journal of Political Economy. 60 (3): 240-246. Hutchison, T. W. 1978. On Revolutions and Progress in Economic Knowledge, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kaldor, N. 1937. Prof. Pigou on money wages in relation to unemployment. Economic Journal. 47 (188): 745-753. Keynes, J. M. 1973[1936]. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. London: Macmillan. Keynes, J. M. 1937. Prof. Pigou on money wages in relation to unemployment. Economic Journal. 47 (188): 743-745. Patinkin D. 1948. Price flexibility and full employment. American Economic Review. 38 (4): 543-564. Pigou, A. C. 1999[1933a]. The Theory of Unemployment. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Pigou, A. C. 1936. Mr. J. M. Keynes' General theory of employment, interest and money. Economica, ns. 3: 115-132. Pigou, A. C. 1937. Real and money wage rates in relation to unemployment. Economic Journal. 47 (187): 405-422. Pigou, A. C. 1938. Money wages in relation to unemployment. Economic Journal. 48 (189): 134-138. Pigou, A. C. 1999[1941]. Employment and Equilibrium. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Pigou, A. C. 1943. The classical stationary state. Economic Journal. 53: 343-351. Pigou, A. C. 1947. Economic progress in a stable environment. Economica, 14: 180-188

－100－ ケインズ利子論はスラッファの批判を超えられるか

∗ 岡敏弘 ﹇第一日目﹈ 第三会場

ケインズ『一般理論』第 17 章は、雇用水準決定における貨幣利子率の特別な役割が何から生じるかを究 明することを意図したものである。ケインズは自身の理論の意義を十分なものにするためにその作業が不 可欠であると考えた (Keynes 1936, p.222)。その議論の中でケインズは、諸商品の自己利子率という概念を 使用し、これをスラッファに負うと述べた。これが『一般理論』でスラッファに言及した唯一の箇所であ り、したがって、この章は、ケインズ利子論の核心は何かという問題にとっても、『一般理論』へのスラッ ファの貢献は何かという問題にとっても重要である。 しかし、『スラッファ・ペーパーズ』に収められたスラッファのノートから、スラッファがケインズの利子 論に極めて批判的であったことがわかってきた。ランケッティ(Ranchetti 2001) によれば、スラッファは、 流動性選好を否定し、資本の限界効率と利子率とを同一視したケインズを批判し、ケインズ利子論の中に 自己矛盾があると述べたというのである。 スラッファのケインズ利子論批判を紹介したランケッティは、スラッファの批判を受け入れた上で、利子 が純粋に貨幣現象であり、貨幣利子率が生産体系の外部から与えられるべきだという点に、古典派利子論と 対立するケインズとスラッファとの共通性を見出した。私は、本論文で、それとは異なる見解を打ち出そ うと思う。すなわち、スラッファがケインズ利子論を誤解しており、ケインズの自己利子率論がスラッファ の批判を逃れ得ることを明らかにする。そして、ケインズが第 17 章で描き出したのは、構造変化の中にあ る経済の短期均衡として不完全雇用が成立しうることであり、そのヒントをスラッファのハイエク批判の中 に嗅ぎ取ったがゆえに、彼は商品利子率概念を使ったのだという解釈を提出しよう。

1 スラッファによるケインズ利子論批判

ランケッティによれば、スラッファは、『一般理論』の利子理論について 2 つの批判を行っている (Ranchetti 2001, p.321)。第 1 の批判は流動性選好に対するものである。スラッファのメモによれば、ケインズの流動 性選好とは保蔵の限界効用のことであり、したがって、ケインズは、逓減する保蔵の限界効用によって右下 がり貨幣需要曲線を基礎づけていることになる。しかし、スラッファによれば、逓減する保蔵の限界効用な どというものは存在せず、利子率が下がるにつれて流動性を増やす人もいれば減らす人もいる。ケインズ は、貯蓄量が利子率に一義的に関係するという古典派利子論を否定したが、同じ古い理論が貸付の供給に 1 形を変えて復活しているのだと言うのである (Ranchetti 2001, pp. 321-322)。 スラッファが残した『一般理論』への第 2 の批判—これこそ自己利子率概念に関わる—は、ケインズが、 商品利子率 (ケインズの言葉では「自己利子率」) を「資本の限界効率と同一視した」ことに向けられてい るという (Ranchetti 2001, p.322)。ランケッティは、ケインズが自己利子率を 3 通りのやり方で定義したと 言う (ibid., pp.318-319)。第 1 の定義は、商品の現物価格が先物価格を凌駕する割合に貨幣利子率を加えた ものというものである。これはスラッファの商品利子率と同じものだが、商品の現物価格、先物価格をそ れぞれ ps,pf とするとき、1 − pf /ps + r がその定義による自己利子率を表す。自己利子率の第 2 の定義は、 商品ないし資産を保有することから得られる、それ自身で表したネットの有利さである。ケインズは、貨幣 を含めて諸資産には、(1) 生産過程を助けたり消費者に用役を提供することによって、それ自身で測られた ∗ 福井県立大学経済学部 〒 910-1195 福井県吉田郡永平寺町松岡兼定島 4-1-1 電話:0776-61-6000 Email: [email protected]。 1 菱山泉は、1969 年から 70 年にかけてケンブリッジでスラッファから、「流動性選好曲線が個々人の主観的評価に基づいているか ら、確実な基礎に立っているとは思われない」という評価を聞いたと言う (菱山 1993)。スラッファのノートはこれを裏付ける。

1 －101－ 収益 q を生み出す、(2) それ自身によって測られた持越費用 c を持つ、(3) ある期間にその資産を自由に処分 しうる可能性に対して人々が喜んで支払おうとする打歩 l をもつ、という 3 つの属性のいずれかがあるとい う考察に基づいて、商品・資産の自己利子率が q − c + l によって表されると述べた (Keynes 1936, p.226)。 ランケッティが言うケインズの自己利子率の第 3 の定義は、上の q − c + l に、当該商品・資産の貨幣で表し た価値の上昇率 a を加えたもの a + q − c + l である。これはケインズが「貨幣利子の住宅率」、「貨幣利子 の小麦率」などと呼んだものである (Keynes 1936, p.227)。ランケッティは、スラッファは第 1 の定義を認 める (自分のと同じだから当然だが) が、第 2、第 3 の定義を拒否するのだという (Ranchetti 2001, p.322)。 スラッファの批判はこうである。諸商品の利子率の違いは、諸商品の有利さ (advantage)—収益率や持越 費用や流動性打歩によって定義される—の違いに起因するとケインズは見なし、これらの有利さを商品利 子率と定義するが、商品利子率の商品間の差は、その価格の変化率の差によってのみ生じるのであって、有 利さの差によって生じるのではないと (ibid., pp.322-323)。スラッファによれば、ケインズは、人が商品を 借りるのは、それを借入期間の終わりまで保有しその有利さを享受するためであると仮定しているが、人 が貨幣を借りるのは、それを手放して物を買うためである (ibid., p.323)。人は、自分が使いたいと思う物 ではなくて、債務を固定する価値標準を借りるのであって、例えば魚が価値標準であれば、魚を 100 年借 りることすらできる。魚の流動性はゼロでその持越費用は無限大だが、そんなことは魚の貸借には関係が ないというのである。 そして、ケインズは、『一般理論』第 17 章の第 2 節では、自己利子率ではなく、終始、資本の限界効率に ついて語るべきだったというのがスラッファの主張であるという。しかしランケッティによれば、「そうし たとしても、貨幣の『特別の性質』のゆえに貨幣利子率が他の資産の自己利子率に比べて『低下しにくい』 (それゆえ高い水準にとどまり易い) というケインズの主たる結論は、自己矛盾に陥る」(Ranchetti 2001, p.323)。ランケッティはスラッファの次の記述を引用している。

限界効率が決して 5%(その任意の量を保蔵することから人々が得る喜びの価値として) を下 回らない商品があるとすれば、他のすべての資産の生産は、その限界効率がその水準を下回るよ うなストック量に達すれば止まり、それで浮いた資源のすべてが、上の保蔵可能な資産の生産に 使用されるだろう。もしこの資産が生産し得ないものであれば (紙幣のように)、その増加する 需要は、その価値が上昇し続けることによってしか満たされない。それは一般物価の下落を意 味する。この保蔵が安定して継続すると予想され、すべての価格が貨幣で表して低下すると予 想されるとすれば、その結果は、すべての商品の自己利子率が貨幣利子率よりも高くなるとい うものだ (これはフィッシャーの場合。そして、価格の騰落予想が利子率乖離の唯一の原因。)。 それゆえ、ケインズのケースの利子率の動きは、ケインズの結論とは逆なのである。(Rancketti 2 2001, pp.323-324; Sraffa Papers (以下 SP と書く) I 100 , p.11)

ランケッティは、スラッファの批判を受け入れた上で、その批判にもかかわらず、スラッファとケインズ との間には、強固な一致点があると言う。それは、利子率が貨幣的な現象であると同時に慣習的な現象であ ること、および、貨幣利子率と諸商品の利潤率との因果の向きが、新古典派とは反対に、生産体系の外で銀 行組織や株取引によって独立に決まる貨幣利子率と整合的なように諸商品の利潤率が決まることである。

2 ケインズの自己利子率論に「自己矛盾」はあるか

スラッファの批判が正しければ、第 1 に流動性選好には根拠がなく、第 2 に資本の限界効率と利子率との 間に『一般理論』第 17 章で言われたような関係はないということになる。果たしてスラッファの批判は正 しいのか。 第 17 章の意義に関わっては特に関心が持たれるのは第 2 の批判である。第 2 の批判は、資本の限界効率

2 「I 100」は『スラッファ・ペーパーズ』の文書番号。

2 －102－ を利子率と同一視することへの批判だが、それが最も鮮明な形をとって現れたのは、ケインズ説が自己矛盾 に陥るという指摘である。 これまでと同様に、ある商品の現物、先物価格をそれぞれ ps,pf 、貨幣利子率を r とすると、ここで言わ れている事態は pf 1 − + r>r (1) ps ﹇第一日目﹈ と表せる。左辺はその商品の自己利子率であり、右辺は貨幣利子率である。貨幣が需要を吸い込み、その生 第三会場 産を増やせないとすると、貨幣の将来価格が上昇する。それは商品の将来価格が下がることを意味するか ら、pf rとなる。 このスラッファの論理に誤りはない。しかし、それがケインズの理論の自己矛盾を示しているというのは 正しくない。なぜなら、ケインズが問題にしたのは、貨幣以外の商品のそ˙ れ˙ 自˙ 身˙ で˙ 測˙ っ˙ た自己利子率が貨幣˙ の自己利子率よりも低くなる事態ではなく、貨幣以外の商品の貨˙ 幣˙ 利˙ 子˙ の˙ 商˙ 品˙ 率が˙ 貨˙ 幣˙ 利˙ 子˙ 率よりも低く˙ なる事態だからである。式 (1) の左辺はある商品のそれ自身で測った自己利子率を表しており、貨幣利子の 商品率を表してはいない。 だから、(1) が成り立っても、ケインズの主張にとっては不都合なことはない。貨幣利子の商品率とは、 商品自身で測った自己利子率にその商品の貨幣で測った価格上昇率を加えたものであるから、商品の貨幣価 格上昇率を a として、貨幣利子の商品率は 1 − pf /ps + r + a となり、(1) 式を保ちながら、ケインズの均衡 を満たすように、1 − pf /ps + r + a = r となることができる。実際、商品の価格が下がりつつあるときに は a<0 となる。 しかし、価格上昇率とは pf /ps − 1 に他ならず、a = pf /ps − 1 なのだから、上の式は r = r という無意 味な恒等式となる。さらに、投資がまだ増えたり減ったりしているケインズの不均衡状態を表現しようとす れば、r>rや rr であれば、その商品への投資が増加し、ケインズの均衡においては q − c + a = r である。a = pf /ps − 1 と 書いてよいから、均衡の条件は   pf q − c + − 1 = r (2) ps となる。 この形なら無意味でもなく、不均衡状態も、式 (2) の等号を不等号に変えて矛盾なく表現できる。そして、 スラッファの指摘する事態、つまり、商品の貨幣価値が下落しつつある場合で、かつケインズの均衡状態に ある場合も   pf pf q − c + − 1 = r, − 1 < 0 ps ps として表現できる。ここに矛盾はない。 こう考えると、ランケッティのように、ケインズが自己利子率を 3 通りの互いに並列的なやり方で定義 3 したと見る のが間違いだということがわかる。ランケッティの言う第 1 の定義は、実はケインズの自己利 子率の定˙ 義ではなかったのである。˙ ケインズの自己利子率 (商品自身で測った) の定義は q −c だけである。次に、貨幣利子の商品率が q −c+a と定義される。そしてこの貨幣利子の商品率は、不均衡では r より大きくも小さくもなりうるが、均衡— 投資がそれ以上増えも減りもしない—では r に等しくなる (q − c + a = r)。このとき、 pf q − c = r +1− ps 3 スラッファも同様の理解だと思われるが、スラッファは 3 通りとは明言していない。

3 －103－ となる。つまり、自己利子率が r +1− pf /ps に等しくなる。ケインズの自己利子率の第 1 の定義とランケッ ティの目に映ったもの—これはスラッファではまさに定義に他ならないのであるが—は、ケインズの均衡 においてのみ成り立つ方程式だったのである。 スラッファは、自己利子率の商品間の差は商品の価格変化率の差によってのみ生じるのであって、有利さ (advantage) の差によっては生じないと主張した。ケインズの定義によれば、自己利子率の差は有利さの差 によってのみ生じる。それは、「均衡」においてのみ、価格変化率の差に等しくなるのである。

3 裁定と生産調整—ケインズの均衡とスラッファの均衡との違い

ケインズの均衡において均等化するのは、貨幣利子の商品率である。スラッファはそれを読み落としたわ けではなく、実際そのことに言及している。例えば、

ケインズは有利さ (advantage) を利子率と同一視するばかりでなく、それを利子率と定義しさ えした。しかし、その過程で彼はそのような利子率が互いに異なることに気づき、ある任意の 標準で測った価格の変化の率を想定しなければならなくなった。それを入れれば、すべての利 子率は互いに等しくなる。その結果出てくるのが、「貨幣利子の自己率」という雑種概念である のだが、この概念はその後二度と登場しない。これは生じた混乱につぎあてするためにしか使 われない概念である。

と書いている (SP I 100, p.9)。また、

[『一般理論』の (筆者挿入)]227-8 頁でケインズは、各商品の利子率を得るためには、その有利 さに価格変化予想を加えなければならないと考えた。そして、[裁定] 均衡ではすべての商品の 利子率が等しくなると彼は言うのであるから、価格下落の予想は常に、保有から得られる有利 さに対して「相補的」(つまり直接の補完関係にあるの) でなければならない。

と書く (SP I 100, p.10)。ここでスラッファは、「均衡」の前に「裁定 (arbitrage-)」という言葉を []付き で挿入している。これは重要な意味をもっている。 スラッファは別の箇所で、ケインズの第 17 章第 1 節の記述について

第 1 節、商品率。その限りでは OK だが、関係ない。それに続く使用は問題を混乱させる。それ は、生産が需要に調整されるまでの短期 (短期貸付) においてのみ重要だということに注意せよ。

というメモを残している (SP I 100, p.6)。それに続くところでは、

もし 1 つの資産がより高い効率をもつのなら、均衡は、○2 生産の増加か、○1 価値の上昇のどちら か (あるいは両方) によって、およびその結果として、回復される。

4 とも書いている 。さらに別のところでは、

利子率の違いは短期貸付にしか生じない。1 年も経てばすべて等しくなるだろう。しかし、資産 を生産するには時間がかかる。そして、それに関係あるのは「1 年以上の」利子率である。

とも書いている (SP I 100, p.8)。 スラッファは、均衡を回復させる調整過程を価格調整と生産調整との 2 つに分けた。そして、前者を「裁 定 (arbitrage)」と呼び、これを 1 年以内の短期の調整過程と見なした。後者の生産調整は 1 年以上の長期 の過程である。スラッファは、『一般理論』第 17 章でのケインズの均衡を「裁定均衡」だと理解した。だ からこそ、「[裁定] 均衡ではすべての商品の利子率が等しくなると彼 [ケインズ](筆者挿入) は言う」と書い たのである。 4 番号はスラッファの記述の通り。「生産の増加」、「価値の上昇」の順に書いた後で、○1 と○2 の番号を挿入したのではないか。

4 －104－ スラッファはまた、「最も高い利子率が支配する (highest ffate ffffffes the ffffffst)」ことに関するケインズ の 2 箇所の記述を比較して次のように書いている。2 箇所というのは『一般理論』の 223 頁と 236 頁である 5 が、223 頁については「明確だが誤り (後で 236 頁 で修正される)」(SP I 100, p.8) と書き、236 頁につい ては、「込み入った記述—224 頁の定義による。形式的には正しいが、無意味。」(ibid.) と書いている。 223 頁は商品自身で測った自己利子率について述べ、236 頁は貨幣利子の商品率について述べていると いうのが、この 2 箇所の違いである。スラッファが 236 頁の記述を無意味と言うのは、貨幣利子の商品率 ﹇第一日目﹈ q − c +(pf /ps − 1) で、有利さ q − c に対して価格変化予想 pf /ps − 1 は相補的に動くのだから、q − cr となって、その商品利子率は貨幣利子率を上回る。これは移行期の必然だとスラッファは言う (ffffaffa 1932, p.50)。移行期とは長期的には不均衡という意味であるが、短期の裁定均衡として将来価格と現在価格との 乖離、すなわち商品利子率の貨幣利子率からの乖離が生じる。その際の将来価格は現在の生産費を反映す るとスラッファは考えている。 ケインズの考えはこれとは異なる。価格と生産費との関係についてケインズは次のように言う。 ˙ ˙ ˙ もし q1 と −c1 とが低下し続けるなら、将来のいずれかの時点での生産費が、現在生産された ストックを、その予想される価格上昇の時点まで持ち越すための費用をちょうど償うだけ上昇 すると予想されるのでない限り、いかなる商品を生産するのも有利でなくなる点が到来する。 (Keynes 1936, p.228、傍点引用者) 資産ストックが全般的に増加するとき、利子率が最も緩慢に低下する資産の利子率が、他のあ らゆる資産の生産を差し止める—現˙ 在˙ の˙ 生˙ 産˙ 費と˙ 将˙ 来˙ の˙ 生˙ 産˙ 費との間に今述べた特別の関係が˙ 成り立つ場合を除いて。(ibid., p.229、傍点引用者)

ケインズは、将来の生産費と現在の生産費との関係が重要だと考えている。将来の生産費は将来の価格 pf に反映され、現在の生産費は現在の価格 ps に反映されるのである。ケインズには、将来価格が現在の生産 6 費を反映するというスラッファのような理解はない スラッファのように将来価格が現在生産費を反映するのであれば、裁定によって生じた pf と ps との乖 離が生産の調整によって解消すると見るのも理由がある。しかし、ケインズの考えでは、pf と ps とはそれ ぞれ異なった生産費を反映するのだから、生産の調整によって ps と pf とが一致に向かう傾向はない。む しろ、その乖離はそのままに、生産および投資が短期にも調整され、q − c の方が変化するのである。 スラッファは、貨幣利子の商品率が均等化するケインズの均衡を裁定均衡と見誤った。ケインズの均衡 は裁定均衡ではなく、短期でも生産調整を伴った均衡である。しかし、ケインズの生産調整は、スラッファ のそれと違って、それ自身で表した商品利子率を均等化に向かわせない。価格変化はゼロにならず、貨幣利 子の商品率だけが均等化するのである。

4 ケインズはなぜスラッファの概念を使ったか

1937 年の論文「利子率の理論」(Keynes 1937) でケインズは、自身の利子論と古典派利子論との古典派 利子論とがどこで分かれるかを述べ直した。そこでは「自己利子率」という表現は使われず、「利子率」は

5 スラッファは SP I 100, p.8 でこれを「336 頁」と書いているが、p.10 の冒頭には、‘highest rate rules the roost’ の後に「223、 236」という数字を書いているし、内容からしても 236 頁の誤りであろう。 6 カルドア (Kaldor 1960) もスラッファと同じ理解である。

5 －105－ 貨幣についてだけ言われている。代わりに「限界効率」が、資本資産にも貨幣にも共通な「有利さ」を表す のに使われている。これは「限界効率」だけでケインズの言おうとしたことは表現できるということを示し ている。『一般理論』でケインズはなぜ誤解を生む危険を冒してスラッファの概念を使ったのか。 ケインズの均衡では諸価格の変化率はゼロでも均等でもなく、ゼロに収斂する傾向もない。スラッファ は、ケインズ利子論について残したノートでは、生産調整によってそれがゼロに収斂すると考えているらし いことがわかる。1932 年の「ハイエク博士の貨幣と資本」にもそれと整合的な記述が存在する。 しかし一方でスラッファは、この 1932 年の論文で「生産が拡張するときには、貯蓄への追加があり、均 衡利子率 (あるいは唯一の自然利子率) などというものは存在しない。」( affa 1932a, p.51) と書いている。 ハイエクへの再反論でも、「均衡においてのみ利子率の値が 1 つに決まる。貯蓄が進行しつつあるときには、 多数の、おそらく商品の種類数と同じだけの「自然」率があり、したがって、貨幣利子率が「唯一の」自然 利子率に等しくなるなどという事態は、単に現実に成立し難いというだけでなく、全く考えることもできな い。」( affa 1932 , p.251) と述べているのである。 スラッファは、均衡状態を定義してはいるが、貯蓄があって生産が拡張しつつあるとき、およそ均衡に は達し得ないと言っているように見える。生産が拡張しつつあるときは需要の構造が変化するからである。 ここから、そのような構造変化時には生産費も変化すると認識すれば、現在価格が将来価格に向かって収斂 する傾向は考えることもできなくなる。 ケインズは、このような意味をスラッファの論文の中に見て取ったからこそ、スラッファの概念を取り入 れたのではなかろうか。スラッファが描いた不均衡の中に、不完全雇用状態で投資と生産の拡張が停止する という、全く別の均衡があり得ることに、ケインズは気づいた。そのような均衡の特異な性格を表現するた めにスラッファの概念を使ったのではないだろうか。 ケインズの限界主義を否定した後、ケインズとスラッファとに共通するものは、貨幣利子率が外から与え られるというビジョンだとランケッティは述べた。ケインズは、外から与えられる中身を考えて、流動性打 歩という貨幣資産に特有の「効率」に行き着き、「効率」という一般的な概念に下に貨幣を他の資産と同列 に置くという新たな地平を開き、それによって貨幣の特別の性質を究明した。 そのような貨幣が特別な役割を果たす均衡は、スラッファの言う裁定均衡や生産均衡のようなものではな く、絶えず構造変化し、価格が不均等に変化し、投資も生産も動きつつある中で、雇用量を抑えようとする 力が、別の諸力とつり合うことによって成立する均衡であった。それがケインズ革命の核心であり、第 17 章はそのような経済の見方を表現するために不可欠のものだったのである。

謝辞 『スラッファ・ペーパーズ』の文書の引用許可に関し、著作権管理者であるガレニャーニ教授に感謝する。

参考文献

[1] 菱山泉 (1993)『スラッファ経済学の現代的評価』京都大学学術出版会。 [2] Kaldor, N. (1960), Essays on Economic Stability and Growth, London: Duckworth. [3] Keynes, J. M. (1936), The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes 7, London: Macmillan. [4] Keynes, J. M. (1937), ‘The theory of the rate of interest’, The Lessons of Monetary Experience: Essays in Honour of Irving Fisher (Library of money and banking history, Reprints of economic classics) ed. by A. D. Gayer, New York : A. M. Kelley, reprinted in 1970, also in Keynes, J. M. (1973), The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes 14: the General Theory and After pt.2, London: Macmillan, pp.101-108. [5] Ranchetti, F. (2001), ‘On the relationship between Sraffa and Keynes’ in Terrenzio Cozzi and Roberto Marchionatti (eds.), Piero Sraffa’s Political Economy: a Centenary Estimate, chapter 19, London and New York: Routledge, 311-332. [6] Sraffa, P. (1932a), ‘Dr. Hayek on Money and Capital’, Economic Journal, 42, pp.42-53. [7] Sraffa, P. (1932b), ‘A Rejoinder’, Economic Journal, 42, pp.249-251. [8] Sraffa, P. (1960), Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities: Prelude to a Critique of Economic Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

6 －106－ ⚻ᷣቇผቇળ╙ 74 ࿁ᄢળ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦ

⃻ઍ⊛໧㗴⟲ߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ㧦㧞㧜਎♿೨ඨࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩⷞὐ߆ࠄ

⚵❱⠪㧦⧯↰ㇱ᣽Ẵ㧔ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇ㧕

 ⃻ઍ⚻ᷣ␠ળߩߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ໧㗴ߪߤߩࠃ߁ߦߒߡ↢ߓޔߤߩࠃ߁ߦᝒ߃ࠄࠇޔߘߒߡ႐ ﹇第二日目﹈ 第一会場 วߦࠃߞߡߪߤߩࠃ߁ߦ᡽╷ߩኻ⽎ߣߐࠇߡ߈ߚߩߛࠈ߁߆ޕߎߩ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߢߪ 20 ਎♿

ォ឵ᦼ߆ࠄᄢᚢ㑆ᦼߦ޿ߚࠆࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ⚻ᷣᕁᗐߦ⌕⋡ߔࠆߎߣߢޔ⃻ઍ⚻ᷣ␠ળߩਥⷐߥ

໧㗴⟲ߣ⚻ᷣቇߩ㑐ଥࠍޔቇผߩⷰὐ߆ࠄᢛℂߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡ᜰߔޕߎߩᤨઍߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߪޔ

ડᬺวหㆇേࠍ⚻ߡડᬺߩ␠ળ⊛૏⟎ߠߌ߇໧㗴ߣߥࠅޔઁᣇߢ⒖᳃ߣഭ௛ἴኂߣਇᴫࠍ

⚻ߡᄬᬺߣഭ௛⠪଻⼔ߩ໧㗴߇ᶋ਄ߒޔߘߒߡో૕ߣߒߡਛ↥ጀߦ᜛ᄢߔࠆ❥ᩕߩᨐታࠍ

޿߆ߦ⾫᣿ߦ↢߆ߔ߆ߣ޿߁ⷞὐ߇಴⃻ߒߚᤨઍߛߞߚޕ

ᧄ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߪޔ㧞ᤨ㑆ߩᨒ⚵ߺߢޔ㧟ᧄߩႎ๔ࠍⴕ߁ޕ╙৻ႎ๔㧔૒⮮ᣇት㧕ߪޟᏒ

႐ߩ୶ℂ㧛┹੎ߩ୶ℂ̆̆ᚢ㑆ᦼࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ߆ࠄߩⷞὐޠߣ㗴ߒߡޔᏒ႐⚻ᷣߦᔅߕߟ߈߹

ߣ߁┹੎ߣ୶ℂࠍ߼ߋࠆ໧㗴⟲ࠍߣࠅ޽ߍࠆޕߣߊߦ໧㗴ߣߥߞߚߩߪᏒ႐␠ળ⥄૕ߦ୶

ℂᕈ߇޽ࠆ߆ߣ޿߁໧㗴ߣޔડᬺߩ␠ળ⊛⽿છࠍ໧߁േ߈ߢ޽ߞߚޕ╙ੑႎ๔㧔ᳯ㉿ญᜏ㧕

ߪޟ1910 ᐕઍએ㒠ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߦ߅ߌࠆ␠ળ଻㒾ߩゲޠߣߒߡ␠ળ଻㓚ߩ㗔ၞߢഭ௛ߦ߹ߟࠊ

ࠆߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ໧㗴ߦ⸃᳿ࠍਈ߃ࠃ߁ߣߒߡ޿ߞߚㆊ⒟ߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߔࠆޕ╙ਃႎ๔㧔↢၂

ℙ⛗㧕ߪޟᶖ⾌ߣ↢ᵴ᳓Ḱ̆⚻ᷣቇߣኅ᡽ቇߢߩขࠅ⚵ߺޠߣߒߡᶖ⾌⺰ࠍขࠅ਄ߍࠆޕ

ᶖ⾌ߩ᜛ᄢߪᶖ⾌⠪ᢎ⢒ߩᔅⷐᕈࠍឭ⿠ߒޔኅ⸘ߦ߅ߌࠆᶖ⾌ߩ⑼ቇߣߒߡߩᶖ⾌⚻ᷣቇ

ߣኅ᡽ቇߩหᤨ⊒ዷࠍଦߒߚޕߘࠇߦᒁ߈⛯߈ޔᳯ㉿ญᜏޔේ⼱⋥᮸㧞ฬߩ⸛⺰⠪߇⺰ὐ

ߩឭ಴ࠍⴕ߁ޕ

ᧄ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߪޔ⚻ᷣ␠ળ໧㗴ߣߘࠇ߳ߩኻᔕޔ㧞㧜਎♿ォ឵ᦼ߆ࠄᄢᚢ㑆ᦼࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ

⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ߳ߩ⌕⋡ߣ޿߁㧞ὐߩ․ᓽࠍ߽ߞߡ޿ࠆޕ╙৻ߦޔ⚻ᷣቇߘߩ߽ߩߩႺ⇇ߩᄌ

േࠍᗧ⼂ߒߥ߇ࠄޔ⚻ᷣቇࠍ฽߻ࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠭ࡓౝᄖޔઁߩቇ໧㗔ၞޔ⚻ᷣ␠ળᕁầߦ⋡㈩

ࠅࠍⴕ޿ߚ޿ޕᒰᤨߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߚߜߪޔᣂߒ޿໧㗴⟲ߩ⊒↢ߦኻߒߡޔޟᣢሽߩ

⚻ᷣቇޠߢߪኻᔕߢ߈ߥ޿ߎߣࠍᒝ⺞ߒޔߘߎ߆ࠄⓍᭂ⊛ߥᗧ⟵ࠍዉ߈಴ߒߡ޿ߚޕ╙ੑ

ߦޔߎߩᤨઍߩᕁᗐߩ࿖㓙੤឵ߦߪ⋡ⷡ߹ߒ޿߽ߩ߇޽ࠅޔߎߩ࠮࠶࡚ࠪࡦߢ߽น⢻ߥ㒢

ࠅᕁᗐߩ࿖㓙ㅪ㑐ࠍᗧ⼂ߒߚ޿ޕߘߩ਄ߢޔ᰷Ꮊ߿ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߣ߽⇣ߥࠆࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩ․ᓽࠍ

᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߡ߇߆ࠅࠍߟ߆ߺߚ޿ޕ

－107－ ޟᏒ႐ߩ୶ℂ㧛┹੎ߩ୶ℂ̆̆ᚢ㑆ᦼࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ߆ࠄߩⷞὐޠ

    ૒⮮ᣇት㧔ᄢ᧲ᢥൻᄢቇ㧕 [email protected]

㧝㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ

ᧄႎ๔ߢߪޟᏒ႐ߩ୶ℂ㧛┹੎ߩ୶ℂޠࠍ߼ߋߞߡᚢ㑆ᦼࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߢዷ㐿ߐࠇߚ⺰⼏ߩ

ᗧ๧ࠍ㧘19 ਎♿߆ࠄ 20 ਎♿ೋ㗡ߦ߆ߌߡߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߢߩ⺰⼏ߩዷ㐿ࠍᝄࠅ㄰ࠆߥ߆ߢ⠨

߃ߡߺࠆߎߣߦߒߚ޿㧚․ߦᧄႎ๔ߢߪ㧘ߎߩ⺰ὐߦߟ޿ߡ㧘⁜⟵ߩ⚻ᷣቇ࡮ℂ⺰ߣߪ⇣

ߥࠆࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼ߢዷ㐿ߐࠇߚ⸒⺑ࠍ߽ㅢⷩߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘Ꮢ႐ߣ┹੎ߩⷙ▸⊛⹏ଔࠍ߼ߋࠆ

⺰⼏ߩหᤨઍ⊛ᗧ๧ߣ⃻ઍ⊛฽ᗧߦߟ޿ߡ৻ቯߩ໧㗴ឭ⿠ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍ⹜ߺࠆ㧚

⚻ᷣᕁᗐߩᱧผߦ߅޿ߡ㧘Ꮢ႐ࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߩℂ⺰⊛ಽᨆ߇ਛᔃ⊛⺖㗴ߢ޽ߞߚߎߣ ߪ޽ࠄߚ߼ߡ⸒߁߹ߢ߽ߥ޿㧚ߘߒߡ߹ߚ㧘┹੎߇߽ߚࠄߔߎߣߦߥࠆ␠ળ⊛࡮୶ℂ ⊛໧㗴ࠍ߼ߋࠆⷙ▸⊛ಽᨆ࡮⹏ଔ߽㧘ߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ߆ߚߜߢ␜ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ㧚ߣࠅࠊߌ㧘 ⚻ᷣ␠ળߩ㓸࿅ൻ࡮⚵❱ൻ߇ᕆㅦߦㅴዷߒߚ 20 ਎♿ೋ㗡ߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘ޟ⑳ ⋉ㅊ᳞߇౏⋉ታ⃻ߦޠߣ޿߁ 19 ਎♿⊛ߥ⥄↱ਥ⟵ߩࡧ࡚ࠖࠫࡦ߇⺑ᓧᕈࠍᄬߞߚߣߔ ࠆਥᒛ߇㧘ࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠭ࡓߩౝᄖߢᵴ⊒ߦ⺰ߓࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ㧚ᒰᤨዷ㐿ߐࠇߚ⸒⺑⟲ߪ㧘 Ꮢ႐ߣ޿߁⺞ᢛේℂߩ␠ળ⊛૏⟎ߠߌ߿┹੎ߩⷙ▸⊛฽ᗧ߇໧㗴ߣߥࠆㄭᐕߩᣣᧄߦ ߅޿ߡ߽㧘නߥࠆᱧผ⊛࿁㘈‛ߣߒߡએ਄ߩᗧ⟵ࠍ᦭ߔࠆߣ޿߃ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆㧚

Ꮢ႐߿┹੎ߩⷙ▸⊛ᱜᒰൻߪ޿߆ߥࠆ⺰ᴺߢߥߐࠇߡ߈ߚߩ߆㧘⚿ᨐߣߒߡߩᩰᏅߪߥ

ߗ㧛ߤߩࠃ߁ߦᱜᒰൻߐࠇࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚߩ߆㧘ߘߒߡߘ߁ߒߚ⷗⸃ߦኻߒߡߤߩࠃ

߁ߥᛕ್߇ዷ㐿ߐࠇࠆߦ޿ߚߞߚߩ߆㧚20 ਎♿ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠭ࡓߩౝᄖߢߤߩࠃ

߁ߥ⺰⼏߇ዷ㐿ߐࠇߚߩ߆ࠍㅢⷩߒ㧘 ߘߎߦᏒ႐ߣ┹੎ࠍ߼ߋࠆ⃻ઍ⊛ߥℂᔨߣߘࠇࠍ

⋧ኻൻߔࠆⷞὐࠍ౒ߦ⷗಴ߘ߁ߣ⹜ߺࠆߎߣ㧘ߎࠇ߇ᧄႎ๔ߩ⋡ᜰߔߣߎࠈߣߥࠆ㧚

એ਄ߩ໧㗴ᗧ⼂ߩ߽ߣߦ㧘ᧄႎ๔ߢߪ㧘ᒰᤨߩᱧผ⊛ᢥ⣂ߦචಽᵈᗧࠍᛄ޿ߥ߇ࠄ ߽㧘ߘࠇߙࠇߩ⸒⺑ࠍዋޘᄢ⢙ߦ㘃ဳൻߒߡឭ␜ߔࠆࠃ߁ദ߼ߚ޿㧚

㧞㧚┹੎ߣᩰᏅߩⷙ▸⊛ᱜᒰൻ̆̆20 ਎♿߳ߩォ឵ᦼ ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐߦ߅޿ߡᏒ႐ߣ┹੎ߩⷙ▸⊛⹏ଔߪᒰೋ߆ࠄ৻⽾ߒߡᄢ߈ߥ⺰

－108－ ὐߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ߣࠅࠊߌ 20 ਎♿߳ߩォ឵ᦼߦߪ㧘ߩߜߩ਎ઍ߳ߩᓇ㗀ߣ޿߁ὐߢ߈ࠊ߼ߡ

㊀ⷐߥ㧘Ꮢ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ┹੎ߣಽ㈩ࠍᱜᒰൻߔࠆ⸒⺑߇⊓႐ߒߚ㧚ߎࠇࠄߪ⃻ઍߦ߅޿ߡ߽

Ꮢ႐┹੎߿ᩰᏅࠍ⢐ቯߔࠆ㓙ߦᒁ߈ว޿ߦ಴ߐࠇࠆ⺰ℂ࡮ℂᔨࠍ૕⃻ߒߚ߽ߩߢ߽޽ࠆ㧚

ߘߩ৻ߟߪ㧘ડᬺኅߣߒߡ৻ઍߢ⽷ࠍߥߒ㧘ߩߜߦߘߩ⩨ᄢߥ⑳⽷ߩㆊඨࠍ␠ળ⽸₂ㆇ േߦォߓߚࠞ࡯ࡀࠡ࡯㧔Andrew Carnegie 1835-1919㧕ߩ⺰⺑ޟንߩ⑔㖸ޠ㧔1889

ᐕ㧕ߢ޽ࠅ㧘╙ੑߦߪ㧘ᒰᤨߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞࠍઍ⴫ߔࠆ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߢ޽ࠅ㧘Ꮢ႐ࠍㅢߓߚ⾗ ﹇第二日目﹈ 第一会場 Ḯ㈩ಽࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߩಽᨆߣ౒ߦߘߩ୶ℂ⊛฽ᗧࠍ໧㗴ߦߒߚ࡚ࠫࡦ࡮ࡌࠗ࠷࡮ࠢ࡜࡯ ࠢ㧔John Bates Clark 1847-1938 ߩޡንߩಽ㈩ޢ(1899 ᐕ)ߢ޽ࠆ㧚

┹੎ߣᩰᏅߩᱜᒰൻ̆̆ࠞ࡯ࡀࠡ࡯ޟንߩ⑔㖸 The Gospel of Wealth ޠ㧔1889 ᐕ㧕

⽺ߒ޿⒖᳃ߩሶ߆ࠄ৻ઍߦߒߡޟ㋕㍑₺ޠߣߒߡฬࠍ㚓ߖߚࠞ࡯ࡀࠡ࡯ߪ㧘 1889 ᐕߦ

ࠞ࡯ࡀࠡ࡯⵾㍑ળ␠ࠍ⸳┙ߔࠆߣ౒ߦ㧘ޡࡁ࡯ࠬ㨯ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞࡦ㨯࡟ࡧࡘ࡯ޢߦ⺰⺑ޟንޠࠍ⊒

⴫ߒߚ㧔ᓟߦࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߢޡࡍ࡞࡮ࡔ࡞࡮ࠟ࠯࠶࠻ޢߦឝタߔࠆ㓙ޟንߩ⑔㖸ޠߣᡷ㗴㧕㧚ߎ

ࠇߪንߩ㓸ਛߣኦභ࡮⁛භࠍᱜᒰൻߔࠆᕁᗐߣߒߡߒ߫ߒ߫ᒁ߈ว޿ߦ಴ߐࠇࠆ߽ߩ ߛ߇㧘หᤨߦߘࠇߪ㧘ንߪ␠ળ߆ࠄᆔ⸤ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ␠ળߦߎߘㆶరߔߴ߈ߣߔ ࠆ߽ߩߢ߽޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇߪࠕࡔ࡝ࠞࡦ࡮࠼࡝࡯ࡓߦઃ㓐ߔࠆޟ⽿છޠߩ໧㗴ࠍ␜ߔߎߣ ߢ㧘ᩰᏅ␠ળࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩᱜ⛔ᕈࠍ⢛᥊߆ࠄᡰ߃ࠆℂᔨࠍ૕⃻ߔࠆ߽ߩߣ߽޿߃ࠆ㧚 ޡንߩ⑔㖸ޢߪ㧘┹੎ࠍㅢߓߚንߩ㓸ਛ㧩஍࿷ߎߘ߇㧘᦭⢻ߥੱ㑆ߩ߽ߣߦንࠍ㓸

߼ߐߖࠆߎߣߢᢥ᣿ࠍ⊒ዷߐߖࠆߣਥᒛߔࠆ㧚 ߘࠇߪߣ߈ߦੱޘߦߣࠅ෩ߒ޿߽ߩߢ߽

޽ࠆ߇㧘‛⾰㕙ߢߩᄢ߈ߥ⊒ዷࠍ߽ߚࠄߔ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߔߴߡߩಽ㊁ߢᦨㆡ⠪ߩ↢ሽࠍ⏕

଻ߒߡߊࠇࠆ߇ࠁ߃ߦੱ㘃ో૕߆ࠄߺߡᦨ਄ߩ߽ߩߣߐࠇࠆ 1㧚ߘࠇࠁ߃ࠞ࡯ࡀࠡ࡯ߪ㧘

ਇᐔ╬ߩ᜛ᄢ߿ዋᢙ⠪߳ߩ㓸ਛࠍ㧘ੱ㘃ߩㅴᱠߦߣߞߡᧄ⾰⊛ߥ߽ߩߣߒߡኈ⹺ߒ᱑ㄫߒ

ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ߣߔࠆ㧚

ߢߪዋᢙ⠪ߩᚻߦᆔߨࠄࠇߚንߪߤߩࠃ߁ߦㆇ↪ߐࠇࠆߩ߇ᱜߒ޿ᣇᴺߥߩ߆㧚Ԙኅᣖ

ߦᱷߔ㧘ԙ౏౒ߩ⋡⊛ߩߚ߼ߦᱷߔ㧘Ԛߘߩᚲ᦭⠪߇↢೨ߦಣಽߔࠆ㧘ߩ㧟ߟߩ߁ߜ㧘ࠞ

࡯ࡀࠡ࡯ߪ㧔⥄ࠄንࠍ↢ߺ಴ߐߥ߆ߞߚ㧕⋧⛯⠪߿᡽ᐭߪᗱ߆ߥንߩ૶޿ᣇࠍߒ߇ߜߢ޽

ࠅ㧘Ԛߩߺ߇␠ળ⊛ߦ᦭↪ߢ޽ࠆߣߔࠆ㧚ߘߒߡᄙߊߩੱޘߦዋ㗵ߕߟߩᘏༀࠍਈ߃ࠆߎ

1 ࠞ࡯ࡀࠡ࡯ߪ␠ળㅴൻ⺰⠪ࠬࡍࡦࠨ࡯ߩାᄺ⠪ߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘1882 ᐕߦࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ ṛ࿷ਛ㧘ࠬࡍࡦࠨ࡯߇⸰☨ߔࠆߣ⡞߈㧘᡿ㇹߩࠬࠦ࠶࠻࡜ࡦ࠼⸰໧ࠍขࠅ߿߼ࠬࡍࡦࠨ࡯ ߣหߓ⦁ߦਸ਼⦁ߒࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ߳ߩᏫ〝ߦߟ޿ߚߎߣ߽޽ߞߚߣ޿߁㧚

－109－ ߣࠃࠅ߽㧘㧔ᄢ߈ߥ⾗㊄ߩ߹߹㧕ήᢱ࿑ᦠ㙚߿ቇᩞߩᑪ⸳ߥߤߦะߌࠆ߶߁߇౏౒⋡⊛ߦ⾗

ߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ㧚ߟ߹ࠅንࠍ⫾Ⓧߒߚ⠪ߪ㧘ޟห⢩ߩᆔ⸤ੱ࡮ઍℂੱޠߣߒߡ㧘ߘߩ⾗㊄ࠍ

␠ળߦߣߞߡᦨ᦭↪ߥ↪޿ᣇࠍߔࠆ⽿ോ߇޽ࠆߣߐࠇࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚

ߎ߁ߒߡޟንߩ⑔㖸ޠߪ㧘⚿ᨐߣߒߡߩᩰᏅࠍᤚ⹺ߔࠆߣหᤨߦ㧘┹੎ߩൎ⠪ߦኻ ߒ㧔ㆮ⿅߿᡽ᐭࠍ੺ߒߚౣಽ㈩ߢߪߥߊ㧕⥄ࠄߩᚻߦࠃࠆ␠ળ⽸₂ߩ⟵ോࠍ⺖ߔ߽ߩ ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ታ㓙㧘ࠞ࡯ࡀࠡ࡯ߪ 1901 ᐕߦߪ㊄Ⲣ₺㧶㨯P㨯ࡕ࡞ࠟࡦߦࠃࠆ U㨯S㨯ࠬ ࠹ࠖ࡯࡞⸳┙ߦ㓙ߒ㧘⥄ࠄߩળ␠ࠍ৻᜝ߒߡᄁළߒᒁㅌ㧘1911 ᐕߦߪࠞ࡯ࡀࠡ࡯࿖㓙 ⽷࿅ࠍ⸳┙ߔࠆ㧚ࡆ࡞࡮ࠥࠗ࠷ߦࠃࠆ⑔␩⽷࿅⸳┙߿࠙ࠜ࡯࡟ࡦ࡮ࡄࡈࠚ࠶࠻ߦࠃࠆ ⑳⽷ߩᄢඨߩነઃⴕὑߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ߎࠇߪ⃻࿷ߦ⥋ࠆࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ⊛┹੎␠ળ㧔ߩ ၮ␆㧕ࠍℂᔨ⊛ߦᡰ߃ࠆ㧛ᱜᒰൻߔࠆ⺰ℂߛߣ⸒߃ࠆߛࠈ߁㧚

Ꮢ႐ࠍㅢߓߚಽ㈩ߩ୶ℂ⊛ᱜᒰൻ̆̆J.B.ࠢ࡜࡯ࠢޡንߩಽ㈩ޢ㧔1899 ᐕ㧕

࡚ࠫࡦ࡮ࡌࠗ࠷࡮ࠢ࡜࡯ࠢ㧔John Bates Clark, 1847-1938 ᐕ㧕ߪࠕࡔ࡝ࠞวⴐ࿖߇↢

ࠎߛᦨೋߩ㧘ఝࠇߚ࿖㓙⊛ߥℂ⺰⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߢ޽ࠆ㧚㒢⇇ല↪࡮㒢⇇↢↥ജℂ⺰ߩ⁛⥄ߥዷ

㐿ߦࠃߞߡ㒢⇇ਥ⟵ℂ⺰ߩ૕♽ൻߦᄢ߈ߥℂ⺰⊛⽸₂ࠍᱷߒ㧘̌ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞᣂฎౖᵷ⚻ᷣቇߩ

ῳ̍ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠆ㧚ߚߛߒනߥࠆ⚐☴ℂ⺰ኅߢߪߥߊ㧘⃻ታߩ⚻ᷣ໧㗴ߣ⚻ᷣ᡽

╷ߦኻߒᏱߦᄢ߈ߥ㑐ᔃࠍᜬߞߡ޿ߚ㧚

J. B.ࠢ࡜࡯ࠢߩޡንߩಽ㈩ޢ㧔1899 ᐕ㧕ߪ㧚㒢⇇↢↥ജ᭎ᔨߦၮߠ߈࿯࿾࡮⾗ᧄ࡮ ഭ௛ߣ޿߁↢↥ⷐ⚛ߩ㈩ಽ߇ߥߐࠇࠆࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓࠍ⺑᣿ߔࠆߣหᤨߦ㧘Ꮢ႐ࠍㅢߓߡ ታ⃻ߔࠆಽ㈩ߪฦ↢↥ⷐ⚛ߦኻߔࠆ↢↥߳ߩ⽸₂ᐲߦᔕߓߚಽ㈩ߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢߩ୶ℂ ⊛ᱜᒰᕈࠍ᦭ߔࠆߣਥᒛߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ߎࠇߪߩߜߦ࡚ࠫࡦ࡮ࡠ࡯࡞࠭߇ޡᱜ⟵ ⺰ޢ(1971 ᐕ)ߢᛕ್ߩର਄ߦ਄ߍߚࠃ߁ߦ 2㧘නߥࠆ⚻ᷣቇ਄ߩℂ⺰⊛⽸₂ࠍ⿥߃㧘 Ꮢ႐┹੎ࠍⷙ▸⊛ߦᱜᒰൻߔࠆ⺰ℂߩ▸ဳߣߒߡᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ജࠍᜬߞߚ㧚

ࠢ࡜࡯ࠢߪ㧘ೋᦼߩ⪺૞ߢ޽ࠆޡንߩືቇޢ㧔1886 ᐕ㧕߆ࠄᓟᦼߩઍ⴫૞ޡንߩಽ㈩ޢ

ߦ޿ߚࠆ߹ߢಽ㈩ߩ౏ᱜߦᒝ޿㑐ᔃࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ߚ㧚ޡንߩືቇޢߢߪࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎ␠ળਥ⟵⊛

ߥ┙႐ߦ┙ߞߡಽ㈩ߩ໧㗴ࠍ⺰ߓߡ޿ߚߩߦኻߒ㧘ޡንߩಽ㈩ޢߢߪᓐ߇⁛┙ߦ⊒⷗ߒߚߣ

ߐࠇࠆ㒢⇇↢↥ജℂ⺰ߦၮߠ޿ߚಽ㈩ℂ⺰߇ឭ␜ߐࠇߚ㧚ࠢ࡜࡯ࠢߪಽ㈩߇౏ᱜ߆ุ߆ߪ

2 ࡠ࡯࡞࠭ޡᱜ⟵⺰ޢ╙ 5 ┨ޟಽ㈩ߩᱜ⟵ޠ╙ 47 ▵ޟᱜ⟵ߩḰೣޠ㧘ߣࠅࠊߌᵈ 34 ߥߤ ࠍෳᾖߩߎߣ㧚ߜߥߺߦห┨ౝߢߎߩḰೣࠍᛕ್ߒߡ޿ߊ㓙㧘ࡠ࡯࡞࠭ߪ࠽ࠗ࠻ߩ⺰⠨ޟ┹ ੎ߩ୶ℂޠࠍ૗ᐲ߆ෳᾖߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚

－110－ ഭ௛⠪߇⥄ࠄ↢↥ߒߚ↢↥‛ࠍోߡฃߌขߞߡ޿ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߦࠃࠆߣߒߚ㧚ߘߒߡቢోᏒ

႐ߩᗐቯࠍ߽ߣߦߒߚߣ߈ߩಽ㈩ߪ㧘ഭ௛ߣ⾗ᧄߦߘࠇߙࠇߩ↢↥߳ߩ⽸₂ᐲߦᔕߓߚಽ

㈩ࠍታ⃻ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߘࠇࠁ߃ߦ̌౏ᱜ̍ߢ޽ࠆߣߒߚ㧚ߟ߹ࠅޡንߩಽ㈩ޢߢዷ㐿

ߐࠇߚ㒢⇇↢↥ജ⊛ಽ㈩ℂ⺰ߪ㧘නߥࠆℂ⺰⊛⺰⸽ߢ޽ࠆߛߌߢߥߊ㧘⥄↱᡼છ⊛⚻ᷣ⒎

ᐨߢታ⃻ߐࠇࠆಽ㈩ߩᱜᒰᕈߣ޿߁୶ℂ⊛฽ᗧ߇ߎ߼ࠄࠇߚ߽ߩߛߞߚߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚

 ߎࠇߪࡋࡦ࡝࡯࡮࡚ࠫ࡯ࠫ㧔Henry George, 1839-19897㧕ࠄหᤨઍߩ␠ળਥ⟵⊛ᕁầ߳ ﹇第二日目﹈ 第一会場 ߩᛕ್ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ഭ௛⠪߇⥄ࠄߩ↢↥߳ߩ⽸₂ࠍ࿾ਥ߿⾗ᧄኅߦਇᒰߦᅓࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ

ߣߔࠆ⷗⸃ߦኻߒ㧘ࠢ࡜࡯ࠢߪ㧘⥄↱Ꮢ႐ࠍㅢߓߚಽ㈩ߪ࿯࿾࡮⾗ᧄ࡮ߘߒߡഭ௛ജߣ޿

߁ฦ↢↥ⷐ⚛ߩߘࠇߙࠇഭ௛߳ߩ⽸₂ಽࠍᚲ᦭⠪ߦ౏ᱜߦಽߌਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆߩߛߣߒߚߩߢ

޽ࠆ㧚ߟ߹ࠅߎߎߢߪޟ⽸₂ᐲ㧩ಽ㈩ߩᄙኦޠߣ޿߁╬ᑼߎߘ߇㧘ฦ↢↥ⷐ⚛(ߩᚲ᦭⠪)

ߩขࠅಽߩ୶ℂ⊛ᱜᒰᕈࠍᜂ଻ߔࠆߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘ഭ௛⠪(ഭ௛ജߩᚲ᦭⠪㧕߇ᱜᒰᕈࠍਥᒛߒ

߁ࠆขࠅಽߪߘߩഭ௛ߩ↢↥߳ߩ⽸₂ᐲ(㒢⇇↢↥ജ)߇᳿߼ࠆߩߛ㧘ߣ޿߁ࠊߌߢ޽ࠆ㧚

໧㗴ߣߒߡߩ୶ℂ⊛ᱜᒰᕈ ࠞ࡯ࡀࠡ࡯߿ J.B.ࠢ࡜࡯ࠢߩ෺ᣇ߇Ꮢ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ┹੎߿ᩰᏅࠍ⺰ߓࠆ㓙ߦᜬߜ಴ߔ ߩߪ㧘৻㕙ߢല₸ᕈߩⷰὐߢߩ⸷߃߆ߌߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒઁᣇߢ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇ⇣ߥࠆⷙ▸ ⊛࡮୶ℂ⊛ේℂ߳ߩ⸷߃߆ߌࠍ⷗ߡߣࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߛࠈ߁㧚ࠞ࡯ࡀࠡ࡯ߪ୘ੱਥ⟵ ⊛ߥ┹੎߇߽ߚࠄߔᄢ߈ߥ⚻ᷣ⊛ንߩታ⃻ߛߌߢߥߊ㧘ንߩ㓸ਛ߇ࠃࠅ⚿ᨐߣߒߡࠃ ࠅᦸ߹ߒ޿␠ળ⊛ᘏༀࠍታ⃻ߒߡߊࠇࠆὐߦ㧘㧔޿ࠊ߫Ꮻ⚿ਥ⟵⊛ⷰὐ߆ࠄ㧕┹੎ߣᩰ Ꮕߩᱜᒰᕈߩᩮ᜚ࠍ⷗಴ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚߹ߚ J.B.ࠢ࡜࡯ࠢߪ㧘Ꮢ႐ࠍㅢߓߚ⾗Ḯ㈩ಽߩല ₸ᕈߩߺߥࠄߕ㧘ߘࠇ߇↢↥߳ߩޟ⽸₂ᐲߦᔕߓߚಽ㈩ޠߣ޿߁ᔕႎ⊛ߥ୶ℂ⊛ᱜᒰ ᕈߩᩮ᜚ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ᒝ⺞ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎ߁ߒߚ┹੎ߣᏒ႐ߩ̌୶ℂ⊛ ߥ̍ᱜᒰൻ⺰ߩሽ࿷߇㧘ߎࠇ߆ࠄ⷗ࠆᚢ㑆ᦼߩ৻ㅪߩേะࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߣ߈ߦ᛼ߐ߃ࠆ ߴ߈ὐߣߥࠆ㧚

㧟㧚Ꮢ႐⚻ᷣࠍ⋧ኻൻߔࠆ⸒⺑⟲߳̆̆ᄢᚢ㑆ᦼࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩേะ ᄢᚢ㑆ᦼߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߢߪ㧘Ꮢ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ┹੎ߣᩰᏅࠍᱜᒰൻߔࠆ⷗⸃ߦኻߒᛕ್⊛ ⷞ✢߇ะߌࠄࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ㧚ߎߎߢߪએਅ 3 ߟߩ㗔ၞࠍㅢⷩߔࠆ㧚

㧔㧝㧕⚻ᷣቇ⇇ߩേะ

－111－ 㧔㧞㧕ታᬺ⇇ߩേะ 㧔㧟㧕ࡆࠫࡀࠬ࡮ࠛࠪ࠶ࠢࠬ⺰⼏ߩേะ

㧔㧝㧕⚻ᷣቇ⇇ߩേะ

೙ᐲ⚻ᷣቇߩบ㗡ߦߖࠃ㧘ਇቢో┹੎ߩℂ⺰ߩዷ㐿ߦߖࠃ㧘ߘߒߡᄢᕟᘓ࡮࠾ࡘ࡯࠺ࠖ

࡯࡞ࠍ߼ߋࠆേะߦߖࠃ㧘ᄢᚢ㑆ᦼࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐߩ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢࠬߦߪߘࠇ߹ߢ⚻ᷣቇ

߇೨ឭߣߒߡ߈ߚᏒ႐ࠍਛᔃߣߒߚ⚻ᷣ␠ળ߇᳿ቯ⊛ߦᄌൻߒߚߣ޿߁⹺⼂ߩᐢ߇ࠅࠍ⷗

ߡขࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ 3㧚଀߃߫೙ᐲ⚻ᷣቇ߇⧯ᚻ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߚߜߦᐢ▸ߦᡰᜬߐࠇᄢ߈ߥㆇ

േߣߥߞߚ⢛᥊ߦߪ㧘⁛භ࡮ኦභߩㅴዷ߿ഭ௛⚵วߩ⚵❱ൻ㧘ߐࠄߦߪᐢ๔࡮⽼ᄁⴚߩ⊒

ዷߦ઻߁ᶖ⾌⠪ⴕേߩᄌൻࠍㅢߓߡ㧘̌⥄↱ߢ⥄┙ߒߚ⻉୘ੱ߆ࠄߥࠆᏒ႐̍ߣ޿߁ឬ௝߇

߽ߪ߿⺑ᓧജࠍᜬߚߥߊߥߞߚߣ޿߁౒ㅢ⹺⼂߇޽ࠆ㧚߹ߚᄢᕟᘓ࡮࠾ࡘ࡯࠺ࠖ࡯࡞ᦼߩ

᡽╷⺰੎ߪ㧘᥊᳇ᓴⅣߣࡑࠢࡠ⚻ᷣ▤ℂࠍ߼ߋࠆℂ⺰⊛໧㗴ߣߣ߽ߦ㧘᡽ᐭߩ⚻ᷣ⊛⽿છ

ߣ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊߪߤ߁޽ࠆߴ߈߆ߣ޿߁ⷙ▸⊛໧㗴ߣ⚿߮ߟ޿ߚ߽ߩߢ߽޽ߞߚ㧚⸒߁

ߥࠇ߫㧘 19 ਎♿⊛ߥޟ⥄↱ਥ⟵ޠߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߇޿߆ߦᄌࠊࠅࠁߊߩ߆㧘޿߆ߦᄌࠊࠅࠁ

ߊ̌ߴ߈̍ߥߩ߆߇㧘ᣇᴺ⺰⊛࡮ℂ⺰⊛࡮᡽╷⺰⊛ߦ໧㗴ߣߐࠇߡ޿ߚࠊߌߢ޽ࠆ㧚

ߎ߁ߒߚ⚻ᷣቇߩേะߩਛߢ㧘ᧄႎ๔ߩ㑐ᔃߩ߽ߣߢߣࠅࠊߌᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈߽ߩߪ㧘 ೙ᐲᵷߩบ㗡ߣ㧘ߘߩ⢛᥊ࠍߥߔ⥄↱ਥ⟵ߩᄌኈߩ⹺⼂ߩᐢ߇ࠅ㧔࠾ࡘ࡯࡝ࡌ࡜࡝࠭ ࡓ㧕ߢ޽ࠈ߁㧚߹ߚ೙ᐲᵷߣห᭽ߩ໧㗴ᗧ⼂ࠍᜬߜߥ߇ࠄ㧔ᦨ⚳⊛ߦ㧕⇣ߥࠆᘒᐲࠍ ߣࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚࡈ࡜ࡦࠢ࡮࠽ࠗ࠻ߦࠃࠆޟ┹੎ߩ୶ℂޠࠍ߼ߋࠆ㊀ⷐߥ໧㗴ឭ⿠߽㧘 ߎߩᵹࠇߦ᫱ߐߔ߽ߩߣ޿߃ࠆ㧔cf. ૒⮮ 2000㧘૒⮮ 2002㧕㧚ߘߎߦ⷗ߡߣࠇࠆߩߪ㧘 ⚻ᷣ␠ળߩᄌൻߦ઻߁⚻ᷣ⊛⽿છߩᄌൻ㧔୘ੱ߆ࠄ␠ળ߳㧕㧘ޟᏒ႐⊛ଔ୯ޠߣޟ␠ળ ⊛ଔ୯ޠߩਵ㔌ߣ޿߁⹺⼂ߢ޽ࠆ㧚Ꮢ႐ߩⷙ▸⊛ᱜᒰᕈߩਥᒛ߇⋧ኻൻߐࠇ㧘߭޿ߡ ߪ 19 ਎♿⊛ߥޟ⥄↱ਥ⟵ޠ߇ᱧผ⊛ߦ⋧ኻൻߐࠇߚߩߢ޽ࠆ 4㧔cf. ૒⮮ 2007㧕㧚

㧔㧞㧕ታᬺ⇇ߩേะ

1920 ᐕઍߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߢߪ㧘ࠕࠗࠬࠢ࡝࡯ࡓ⽼ᄁ⚵ว߆ࠄ㊀Ꮏᬺ߹ߢߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ↥ᬺߩ

3 ߚߣ߃߫ Backhouse [2002]ߪᄢᚢ㑆ᦼߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ⚻ᷣቇ࿕᦭ߩ໧㗴ߣߒߡ┹੎ߦ㑐ߔ ࠆℂ⺰ߣ⃻ታߩਵ㔌߳ߩኻᔕࠍ᜼ߍ㧘ߘߩઍ⴫⊛⺰⠪ࠍࡈ࡜ࡦࠢ࡮࠽ࠗ࠻㧘J㧚M㧚ࠢ࡜࡯ ࠢ㧘ߘߒߡࠛ࠼ࡢ࡯࠼㨯࠴ࠚࡦࡃ࡟ࡦߩ 3 ੱߣߒߡ޿ࠆ(Backhouse [2002]㧘pp.202-207)㧚 4 ߎߎߢߪ 20 ਎♿߳ߩォ឵ὐ㧘╙৻ᰴ਎⇇ᄢᚢ㧘ᄢᕟᘓߣ޿ߞߚ಴᧪੐ࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⹏ଔ ߒߚ߆ߣ޿߁ὐߢฦ⺰⠪ߩ┙႐ࠍࡑ࠶ࡇࡦࠣߔࠆߎߣ߽㊀ⷐߥ⺖㗴ߣߥࠆߛࠈ߁㧚

－112－ ᬺ⇇࿅૕ࠍਛᔃߦޟ୶ℂ✁㗔ޠ૞ᚑ߇ᵴ⊒ൻߒ㧘300 એ਄ߩ⸥㍳߇ᱷߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚߹

ߚߎ߁ߒߚฦ↥ᬺߩേ߈ࠍฃߌ㧘ో☨໡Ꮏળ⼏ᚲߪ㧔޿ࠊ߫㓸ᄢᚑ⊛ߥ߽ߩߣߒߡ㧕15

ࡨ᧦߆ࠄߥࠆޟડᬺⴕേේೣޠࠍ೙ቯߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎߩ㨬ේೣ㨭ߩჿ᣿ᦠߪ⚂ 30 ਁੱߩળຬ

ࠍᜬߟ 750 એ਄߽ߩ࿅૕ߦࠃߞߡᛚ⹺ߐࠇߚߣ޿߁㧚

ߘߎߦߪ㧘ή㚝ߩឃ㒰ߣല₸ᕈߩㅊ᳞㧘ขᒁߦ߅ߌࠆ౏ᱜߐߩᏗ᳞߿දജߩ⾨⾥㧘ߘߒ

ߡ㈩ᘦߩኻ⽎ߣߒߡනߥࠆࡆࠫࡀࠬ਄ߩ೑ኂ㑐ଥ⠪ߛߌߢߪߥߊ౏ⴐ߿␠ળࠍ߽᜼ߍࠆߣ ﹇第二日目﹈ 第一会場 ޿ߞߚ․ᓽ߇⷗޿ߛߖࠆ㧚✁㗔೙ቯߪ৻ᣇߢ㧘ධർᚢ੎એ㒠ߩޟࠞ࡞࠹࡞ޠ߿ޟࡊ࡯࡞೙ޠ

ߣ޿ߞߚ┹੎೙㒢ߩߚ߼ߩ⹜ߺߩᑧ㐳ߢ޽ࠆߣߩࠪ࠾ࠞ࡞ߥ⷗ᣇ߽ߐࠇߚ߇㧘ઁᣇߢ㧘ᧄ

᧪⊛ߦ⑳⋉ㅊ᳞⠪ߢ޽ࠆߪߕߩࡆࠫࡀࠬߩᒰ੐⠪ߚߜ߇̌୶ℂ̍ߩฬߩਅߦ⥄ࠄߩⴕὑⷙ

▸ࠍ⥄⊒⊛ߦ᣿ᢥൻߔࠆേ߈ࠍ⷗ߖߚߎߣߪ㧘หᤨઍߩੱޘߩ⢐ቯ⊛ߥ෻ᔕࠍ๭ࠎߛ㧚

㧔㧟㧕ࡆࠫࡀࠬ࡮ࠛࠪ࠶ࠢࠬ⺰⼏ߩേะ

એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߥታᬺ⇇ߩേะࠍ⢛᥊ߦ㧘1920 ᐕઍߦߪᄙᢙߩࡆࠫࡀࠬ࡮ࠛࠪ࠶ࠢࠬ⺰

߇ೀⴕߐࠇߚ㧚ߘߩᜂ޿ᚻߪ㧘⚻༡⠪㧔GE ળ㐳ߩࠝ࡯ࠛࡦ࡮ࡗࡦࠣߥߤ㧕㧘ࡆࠫࡀࠬ

ᢎ⢒㑐ଥ⠪㧔ࡂ࡯ࡃ࡯࠼࡮ࡆࠫࡀࠬ࡮ࠬࠢ࡯࡞ߩ W. B. ࠼࡯࠽ࡓߥߤ㧕ߩ߶߆㧘⚻ᷣ

ቇ⠪㧔࡚ࠫࡦ࡮ࡕ࡯࡝ࠬ࡮ࠢ࡜࡯ࠢߥߤ㧕߿୶ℂቇ⠪㧔E. L. ࡅࠕࡑࡦࠬߥߤ㧕ߚߜ ߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ߘߎߢߪડᬺⷙᮨߩ᜛ᄢߣޟᚲ᦭ߣ⚻༡ߩಽ㔌ޠߩㅴⴕߣ޿߁⚻ᷣ␠ળߩ⃻ታࠍ೨ ߦ㧘ኾ㐷⡯ߣߒߡߩࡆࠫࡀࠬ㓸࿅ߩᄢ߈ߥ⽿છߩ⹺⼂ߣ࿕᦭ߩޟኾ㐷⡯୶ℂޠ⏕┙ߩ ᔅⷐ߇⻭ࠊࠇ㧘ࡆࠫࡀࠬᵴേߩ⥄↱᡼છߣ߽᡽ᐭⷙ೙ߣ߽⇣ߥࠆ㧘␠ળ⊛ߥࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ ࡯࡞ߩᔅⷐᕈ߇ឭ໒ߐࠇߡ޿ߞߚߩߢ޽ࠆ㧔cf. ૒⮮ 2005㧘૒⮮✬ 2009㧕㧚

㧠㧚߹ߣ߼

[⚕᏷ߩ㑐ଥߢ⋭⇛㧚ᒰᣣ㈩Ꮣ⾗ᢱࠍߏෳᾖߊߛߐ޿]

̪ ᒰᣣߪࡄ࠰ࠦࡦ࡮ࠬ࡜ࠗ࠼ࠍ૶↪ߔࠆ੍ቯߢߔ㧚วࠊߖߡ㈩Ꮣ⾗ᢱ߽Ḱ஻ߒ߹ߔ㧚

̪ ᢥ₂⴫ߪᒰᣣ㈩Ꮣ⾗ᢱߦᷝઃߒ߹ߔ㧚੐೨㧛੐ᓟߩߏ⺧᳞ߪ㧘૒⮮߹ߢ⋥ធ߅↳ߒઃ

ߌߊߛߐ޿㧔e-mail: [email protected]㧕㧚

－113－

1910 ᐕઍએ㒠ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߦ߅ߌࠆ␠ળ଻㒾ߩゲ ട⮮ ஜ

㧔ᮮᵿ࿖┙ᄢቇ㕖Ᏹൕ⻠Ꮷ㧕

[email protected] Σ㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ 19 ਎♿ᓟඨ߆ࠄ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄࠍਛᔃߦㅴዷߒߚ⑔␩࿖ኅߦኻߒߡޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ ߪ␠ળ଻㓚ߩᓟ⊒࿖ߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ⏕߆ߦ࠼ࠗ࠷߿ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߦ߅ߌ ࠆ࿖ኅ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ␠ળ଻㓚೙ᐲߩ⊒ዷࠍ⠨߃ࠆߥࠄ߫ޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩㅪ㇌࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ ߅ߌࠆ␠ળ଻㓚೙ᐲߪޔ1935 ᐕߩ␠ળ଻㓚ᴺ(SSA)߹ߢᓙߚߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ޕ ߹ߚޔ⑔␩࿖ኅߩਛりࠍ߼ߋߞߡ߽ޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߪ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄߩᮨ୮ߣߔࠆ⺰⺞ ߽޽ࠆޕ଀߃߫࠼ࠗ࠷ߩ⑔␩࿖ኅߩ․ᓽߪޔ࿖ኅࠍ⛔ᴦߔࠆ஥ߩ⽿ോߣߒߡ 19 ਎♿ࠍㅢߓߡ⊒↢ߒߚ᭽ޘߥ␠ળ໧㗴߳ߩ␠ળ᡽╷ߢ޽ࠅޔ߹ߚ␠ળਥ⟵ ⊛ߥഭ௛⠪㓏⚖ߩⲢ๺╷ߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢߩ᦭ᯏ⊛ߥࡧ࡚ࠖࠫࡦࠍᜬߞߡ޿ߚߎ ߣߦ޽ࠆޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥ࠼ࠗ࠷ဳߩ࿖ኅਥዉߦࠃࠆ⑔␩࿖ኅ௝ߦኻߒޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ ߩ␠ળ଻㓚೙ᐲߪ⇣ߥߞߚᢥ⣂ߢឬߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕߘࠇߪޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩ ⑔␩࿖ኅ߇ޔࠦࡕࡦ࡮ࡠ࡯ߩᨒ⚵ߺߩਛߦ߅޿ߡޔ⊕ੱ߿㤥ੱ߹ߚᣂᣥߩ⒖᳃ ߽฽߼ޔฦޘ߇ਥੱ౏ߣߒߡ࿖ኅࠍ⛽ᜬ࡮⊒ዷߐߖࠆߚ߼ߩ઀⚵ߺߢ޽ߞߚߣ ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕ ╙৻ᰴ਎⇇ᄢᚢ߿ࡠࠪࠕ㕟๮ߥߤ࿖㓙⊛ߥ࠹ࡦ࡚ࠪࡦߩਛߢޔᚢ႐ߣߥࠄߥ ߆ߞߚࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߢߪޔ␠ળਥ⟵ൻ߹ߚߪᭂ┵ߥ଻⼔ਥ⟵ߣ޿߁ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߢߪߥ ߊޔᒝ࿖߆ߟ⼾߆ߥ࿖ߢ޽ࠆߚ߼ߩ␠ળߩ޽ࠅᣇࠍ᧤ߨࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ߞߚޕޟ❥ ᩕߩ 1920 ᐕઍޠߣ๭߫ࠇߚࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߢߪޔ⚻ᷣ⊛❥ᩕߣᶖ⾌ᢥ᣿ߩ⻭᱌ߩⵣ ㄰ߒߣߒߡߩ㗭ᑄ⊛ߥ㘑ầߩਛߢޔ⒖᳃ࠍ฽߼ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩ޽ࠆߴ߈࿖ኅ௝߇➅ ࠅ㄰ߒᮨ⚝ߐࠇߚ߇ޔ⑌㈬ᴺᤨઍߦ߅޿ߡߪᢥൻ⊛ߥ✦߼ઃߌ߇⹜ߺࠄࠇߚޕ ߒ߆ߒᄢᕟᘓએᓟޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩᄢⴐ߇⋥㕙ߒߚㆊ㉃ߥ⃻ታߪᄬᬺߩ᜛ᄢߢ޽ࠅޔ ␠ળਇ቟ߪ߹ߔ߹ߔჇᄢߒߚޕ1930 ᐕઍߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߢߪޔߎߩࠃ߁ߥ␠ળ⊛ ߥᖱ൓ߩᄌൻࠍฃߌߡޔࠗ࠲࡝ࠕ߿࠼ࠗ࠷ߩో૕ਥ⟵⊛௑ะߦࠃࠆ⛔ᴦߢߪߥ ߊޔ␠ળࠍߤߩ⒟ᐲߦ߅޿ߡ቟ቯߐߖࠆߩ߆ޔᐔ๺ߣ቟ቯࠍߤ߁ታ⃻ߔࠆߩ߆ ߣ޿߁ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ⚵ߺᣇ߇໧㗴ߣߥߞߚޕࡈ࡜ࡦࠢ࡝ࡦ࡮ࡠ࡯࠭ࡧࠚ࡞࠻ᄢ ⛔㗔ߩࡂࠗ࡮ࡐ࡝࠹ࠖࠢࠬߦ߅޿ߡޔᕟᘓ߿␠ળਇ቟߳ߩኻᔕࠍ߼ߋࠅޔᎺߣ ㅪ㇌ߩ⛔ᴦߩ޽ࠅᣇߥߤᄙ᭽ߥ࡟ࡌ࡞߇޽ࠆਛߢޔߤߩࠃ߁ߥ⸃᳿╷ࠍ↪޿ࠆ ߎߣ߇ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ␠ળߦߣߞߡࠃࠅᦸ߹ߒ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߩ߆ޕ↥ᬺߣ࿾ၞߣߩ ࡃ࡜࠷ࠠ߇޽ࠆਛߢޔ↥ᬺ⢒ᚑဳߩ࡝ࡌ࡜࡞ߥࠬࠠ࡯ࡓ߆ޔ޽ࠆ޿ߪ࿖ኅਣᛴ ߃ߩ࿖ኅ⊛ࠬࠠ࡯ࡓߥߩ߆ޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥᄙⷺ⊛ߥⷞὐ߆ࠄޟ␠ળ଻㓚ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ ࡓޠߪᮨ⚝ߐࠇޔ1935 ᐕߦ SSA ߇ᚑ┙ߒߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕSSA ߪޔၮᧄ⊛ߦ᜚಴࡮

－114－ ⛎ઃဳߩ⠧㦂ᐕ㊄ޔㆮᣖᐕ㊄ޔᑄ∔⛎ઃᐕ㊄ߩฦ೙ᐲ߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔᄬ ᬺ⵬ఘ㧔଻㒾㧕ߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔㅪ㇌࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩ⛔৻⊛ߥ೙ᐲ߇᭴▽ߐࠇߚߩߢߪ ߥߊޔฦᎺ᡽ᐭߦߘߩ┙ᴺߣᣉⴕ߇ᆔߨࠄࠇߡ޿ߚޕ৻⥸⊛ߦ⸒ߞߡޔߎߩ SSA ࠍ߽ߞߡࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ⑔␩࿖ኅ߇ᚑ┙ߒߚߣ޿߁⷗ᣇ߿ޔ޽ࠆ޿ߪ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ ࡄߩ⻉೙ᐲࠍනߦ⒖౉ߒߚࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦㆊ߉ߥ޿ߣ޿߁⹏ଔ߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ ߒ߆ߒޔ਎♿ォ឵ᦼߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩᢥ⣂ߦහߒߚ႐วߦޔᓥ᧪ߩ⹏ଔߣߪ㆑ߞߚ ⷗⸃߇ᒝ⺞ߢ߈ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥ໧㗴㑐ᔃࠍᜬߜߥ߇ࠄޔ࠾ࡘ࡯࠺ ࠖ࡯࡞એ೨ߦሽ࿷ߒߚᄙ᭽ߢ㊀ጀ⊛ߥᕁᗐࠍ⿠Ḯߣߔࠆࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ࿕᦭ߩ␠ળ ﹇第二日目﹈ ଻㓚೙ᐲߩゲࠍ⸃᣿ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᧄⓂߩ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆޕSSA ߳ߣ⥋ࠆ߹ߢߩࠕࡔ 第一会場 ࡝ࠞ⑔␩࿖ኅᕁᗐࠍ᭴ᗐߒߡ޿ߞߚᕁᗐኅߩ⸒⺑ࠍជࠅਅߍߡ⠨ኤߒߡߺࠃ ߁ߣ޿߁ࠊߌߢ޽ࠆޕ

Τ㧚ᣂߚߥ࡝ࠬࠢ߳ߩኻಣࠍ߼ߋࠆ  ߟߩ⊒ᗐ ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߦ߅޿ߡ␠ળ଻㓚೙ᐲࠍዉ౉ߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆേ߈ߪޔධർᚢ੎ߩᓥァ 㑐ଥ⠪ߦኻߔࠆᐕ㊄೙ᐲࠍߪߓ߼ߣߒߡ 19 ਎♿ᧃߦ߆ߌߡ⷗ࠄࠇߚ߇ޔታ㓙 ߩ೙ᐲߣߒߡ⏕┙ߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪޔᄾ⚂ߩ⥄↱ޔ㓏⚖┙ᴺߩ⑌ᱛޔ࠺ࡘ࡯ࡊࡠ࠮ ࠬߥߤޟᙗᴺ਄ߩ೙⚂ޠ߇㓚ኂߣߥߞߚޕᎺ࡟ࡌ࡞޽ࠆ޿ߪㅪ㇌࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߅ߌ ࠆഭ௛┙ᴺߩᚑ┙น⢻ᕈߪޔᰴߩ 2 ߟߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦ߆߆ࠊߞߡ޿ߚޕ৻ᣇߢޔ ⵙ್ᚲߩมᴺ್ᢿ߇ޔࡆ࠶ࠣࡆࠫࡀࠬ૕೙ߦᦸ߹ߒ޿㓹↪ߩ࿷ࠅᣇࠍ⊒⷗ߒߡ ޿ߊࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߢ޽ࠅޔઁᣇߢޔഭ૶෺ᣇߦߣߞߡ㓹↪ߦ߹ߟࠊࠆ࡝ࠬࠢࠍ⺕߇ ߤߩ⒟ᐲᒁ߈ฃߌࠆߩ߇ᦸ߹ߒߣ⠨߃ࠆߩ߆ޔߣ޿߁ߘߩၮḰࠍ⊒⷗ߒߡ޿ߊ ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߢ߽޽ߞߚޕ 1910 ᐕઍߩ␠ળ଻㓚ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓޔߣࠅࠊߌޟᄬᬺ଻㒾ޠߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ߪޔ ߘߩ⊒ᗐߩ⋧㆑߆ࠄᰴߩ 2 ߟߦᢛℂߢ߈ࠆޕ (1)࠙ࠖࠬࠦࡦࠪࡦᎺࠍਛᔃߣߔࠆ࡞࡯࡞ᢛ஻ߩࠦࡕࡦ࠭ဳߢ޽ࠆޕߎࠇߪޔ ࠦࡕࡦ࠭߿ߘߩᒉሶߢ޽ࠆࠕࡦ࠼࡝ࡘ࡯࠭ࠄ࠙ࠖࠬࠦࡦࠪࡦᄢቇߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ࠍ ਛᔃߦޔޟࠕࡔ࡝ࠞഭ௛┙ᴺදળ(AALL)ޠߦ߅޿ߡታ⃻ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߚޟ࠙ࠖࠬ ࠦࡦࠪࡦࡊ࡜ࡦޠޔߘߒߡߘߩᓟߩޟࠕࡔ࡝ࠞࡦࡊ࡜ࡦޠߩ⊒ᗐߢ޽ࠆޕߎࠇ ߪࠕࡦ࠼࡝ࡘ࡯࠭ࠍਛᔃߣߒߚ AALL ߩഭ௛⠪ἴኂߦኻߔࠆ⵬ఘߩ࿷ࠅᣇࠍ ߼ߋࠆ⼏⺰߇࿯บߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕAALL ߩ௛߈߆ߌߦࠃߞߡޔࡑ࠶࠴↥ᬺߦ߅ ߌࠆ㤛ῂߦࠃࠆῂ㗶ߣ޿߁ഭ௛ἴኂߩⵍኂࠍߥߊߔߚ߼ޔ㤛ῂࠍ૶↪ߒߥ޿㓹 ↪ਥߣߩ㑆ߢ↢↥ࠦࠬ࠻ࠍ⒢⽶ᜂߦࠃߞߡᐔ╬ൻߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆഭ௛┙ᴺ߇ 1912 ᐕ࠲ࡈ࠻ᄢ⛔㗔ߩ߽ߣߢᚑ┙ߒߚޕߎߩഭ௛ἴኂߩࠦࠬ࠻ࠍഭ௛⠪߆ࠄ 㓹↪ਥߦォᇾߐߖޔἴኂ߇⊒↢ߒߚᓟߦ੐ᓟᢇᷣߔࠆߩߢߪߥߊޔߘ߽ߘ߽ἴ ኂߩ⊒↢ࠍޟ੍㒐ߔࠆޠߣ޿߁⊒ᗐ߇ޔᓟߩ࠙ࠖࠬࠦࡦࠪࡦဳߩၮᧄේℂߣߥ ߞߡ޿ߊޕഭ௛ἴኂࠍ੍㒐ߢ߈ࠆߩߪ㓹↪ਥߩߺߢ޽ࠆߣߒߡޔ㓹↪ਥߩ㊄㌛

－115－ ⊛ߥࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖࡉߦ௛߈߆ߌࠆߎߣޔߟ߹ࠅ⵬ఘ㊄ߩⓍ┙㊄㗵ࠍฦ㓹↪ਥߩ ㆊ෰ߩ቟ోߦ㑐ߔࠆ⸥㍳ࠍ߽ߣߦ࡝ࠬࠢߩ㜞ૐߦࠃߞߡนᄌ⊛ߦ⸳ቯߔࠆߎ ߣߢޔ࡝ࠬࠢࠍォᇾߐߖࠆߣ޿߁ޟ⚻㛎ᢱ₸ᣇᑼޠࠍ↪޿ࠆࡊ࡜ࡦߢ޽ߞߚޕ ߎߩࡊ࡜ࡦߩࠕࠗ࠺ࠖࠕߪޔᄬᬺߦኻߒߡ߽ᔕ↪ߐࠇޔ࡝ࠬࠢォᇾߩᄬᬺ଻㒾 ߇᭴ᗐߐࠇߚޕߎߩ㓹↪߿ഭ௛ߦ߹ߟࠊࠆ࡝ࠬࠢߦኻߔࠆߣࠄ߃ᣇߪޔ㓹↪஥ ߩᚽⷡ߿ദജߦଐሽߔࠆߎߣ߇ᄙߊޔਇචಽߥⓍ┙㊄߿⛎ઃ㗵ߥߤታ㓙ߩㆇ↪ ߦ߅޿ߡߪ໧㗴߇޽ࠆ߇ޔᓐࠄߩ⋡⊛ߪޔ߻ߒࠈታ㓙ߩ⃻႐ߦ߅ߌࠆᘠ⠌߿࡞ ࡯࡞ࠍ⊒⷗ߒޔࠃࠅℂߦㆡ߁࡞࡯࡞ߣߒߡㆬ೎ߒߡ޿ߊߣ޿߁ޔᴺߩ⚥Ⓧ⊛ᄌ ൻࠍ㊀ⷞߒߡ޿ߚߣ․ᓽߠߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ (2)ޟࠝࡂࠗࠝࡊ࡜ࡦޠߣ๭߫ࠇ⛔⸘⊛ᚻᴺࠍ↪޿ࠆ࡞࡯ࡆࡁ࠙ဳߢ޽ࠆޕ ࡠࠪࠕ⒖᳃ߢ޽ߞߚ࡞࡯ࡆࡁ࠙߿ࠛࡊࠬ࠲ࠗࡦߪޔ଻㒾ᢙℂቇ࡮⛔⸘ቇ⊛ᚻᴺ ࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣߢޔ㓹↪߿ഭ௛ߦ㑐ࠊࠆ࡝ࠬࠢࠍ⸘▚ߒޔ࡝ࠬࠢಽᢔߦࠃࠆ␠ળ ଻㓚೙ᐲߩ᭴ᗐࠍᮨ⚝ߒߚޕߎߩޟࠝࡂࠗࠝࡊ࡜ࡦߩၮᧄ⊛ේℂߪޔ଻㒾ߩࠦ ࠬ࠻ࠍޔ㓹↪ਥߣᓥᬺຬߦࠃߞߡࠪࠚࠕߔࠆߎߣߛޠߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߦഭ૶෺ᣇ߇ ᄬᬺ࡝ࠬࠢࠍ⽶ᜂߔࠆߎߣߦ․ᓽ߇޽ߞߚޕ࡞࡯ࡆࡁ࠙ߪޔഭ௛⠪ߣ㓹↪⠪ߩ ౒หߩⓍ┙ࡈࠔࡦ࠼ࠍഃ⸳ߔࠆߎߣߢޔᄬᬺߩ࡝ࠬࠢࠍಽᢔߐߖࠆߣ޿߁ޔታ ⴕน⢻ߥࡊ࡜ࡦࠍឭ᩺ߒߚޕߘߒߡޔߘߩ⋡⊛ߪޔᄬᬺࠍ੍㒐ߔࠆߎߣࠃࠅ߽ ߻ߒࠈᄬᬺਛߩഭ௛⠪ߩ⾼⾈ജߩૐਅࠍ⛎ઃ㊄ߦࠃߞߡ⵬߁ߎߣߦ޽ߞߚޕએ ਅߢߪޔߎߩ 2 ߟߩ⊒ᗐߩ 1910 ᐕઍએ㒠ߩዷ㐿ࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡ޿ߊޕ

Υ㧚55# ᚑ┙ߦ⥋ࠆᕁᗐ⊛ዷ㐿 1921 ᐕߦ࠙ࠖࠬࠦࡦࠪࡦ⼏ળߦឭ಴ߐࠇߚᄬᬺ଻㒾ᴺ᩺ߪޔ⚿ᨐߣߒߡᎺ ⼏ળࠍㅢㆊߒߥ߆ߞߚޕߒ߆ߒޔߘߩᓟ 1920 ᐕઍࠍㅢߒߡᲤᐕ⼏ળ߳ߩឭ಴ ߇⹜ߺࠄࠇߚޕߎߩࠦࡕࡦ࠭߿ࠕࡦ࠼࡝ࡘ࡯࠭ߦࠃߞߡឭ⿠ߐࠇߚޟ࠙ࠖࠬࠦ ࡦࠪࡦࡊ࡜ࡦޠߩၮᧄේℂߪޔ⍴ᦼ㑆ߦ࡟ࠗࠝࡈࠍ➅ࠅ㄰ߔ㓹↪ਥߩដߌ㊄ߪ 㜞ߊޔ㐳ᦼ㑆࡟ࠗࠝࡈࠍⴕࠊߥ޿ડᬺߩ⽶ᜂߪシߊߔࠆߣ޿߁㓹↪ਥߩ೑Ảേ ᯏ㧔㊄㌛⊛ߥ೑⋉㧕ߦ⋥ធߪߚࠄ߈߆ߌࠆේℂࠍゲߦ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ߚޕડᬺߩ ⚻༡⠪ߪޔᩣਥߩઍℂੱߣߒߡޔᬺ❣ᖡൻߩ㓙ߢ߽ᩣਥߩ㈩ᒰ㊄ࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߚ ߼ߦޔᅢᴫᦼߦ࡝ࠩ࡯ࡧࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆޕߘࠇߣหߓࠃ߁ߦޔ⚻༡⠪ߪ⥄りߩഭ ௛⠪ߩ෼౉ࠍ቟ቯߐߖࠆ⽿ോࠍᜬߟߴ߈ߛޔߣࠦࡕࡦ࠭ߪ⠨߃ߚޕഭ௛⺞ᩏ߆ ࠄ߽ޔߘߩࠃ߁ߥડᬺ߇߻ߒࠈડᬺ㑆ߩ┹੎ߢ߽ఝ૏ߦ┙ߞߡ޿ߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄဳߣߩᄢ߈ߥ㆑޿ߪޔᄬᬺࠍ੍㒐ߢ߈ࠆߩߪ㓹↪ߔࠆ஥ߔߥࠊߜ↥ ᬺ஥ߩߺน⢻ߢ޽ࠆߣߒߡޔഭ௛⠪߿࿖ኅ߆ࠄߩ଻㒾ᢱ⽶ᜂࠍ᳞߼ߥ޿ὐߦ޽ ߞߚޕߎߩ࠙ࠖࠬࠦࡦࠪࡦဳߪޔ࠙ࠖࠬࠦࡦࠪࡦᎺߩࡊࡠࠣ࡟࠶ࠪࡉߩઍ⴫࡜ ࡈࠜ࡟࠶࠻⍮੐ߩ߽ߣޔ1932 ᐕߦᎺ⼏ળࠍㅢㆊߒޟ࠙ࠖࠬࠦࡦࠪࡦᎺᄬᬺ⵬ ఘᴺޠߣߒߡᚑ┙ߒߚޕߚߛߒޔ1920 ᐕઍߩᴺ᩺ߢߪޔᎺ߇▤ℂߔࠆା⸤ࡈ

－116－ ࠔࡦ࠼ߦ㓹↪ਥ஥ߩಽᜂ㊄ࠍࡊ࡯࡞ߔࠆᣇᴺࠍណ↪ߒߡ޿ߚ߇ޔߘࠇࠍ 1932 ᐕߦㅢㆊߒߚᴺ᩺ߢߪޔฦડᬺߦࠃߞߡߘߩഭ௛⠪ߩߺߦ೑↪ߔࠆ࡝ࠩ࡯ࡧࠍ 㓸Ⓧߔࠆᣇᴺߦᄌᦝߐࠇߚޕ 1910 ᐕઍ߆ࠄ 20 ᐕઍߦ߆ߌߡߩഭ௛┙ᴺ೙ቯߦ㑐ߔࠆ௛߈߆ߌߪࠦࡕࡦ ࠭߿ࠕࡦ࠼࡝ࡘ࡯࠭ࠍਛᔃߣߒߡዷ㐿ߐࠇߚ߇ޔ1931 ᐕ㗃߆ࠄ AALL ౝㇱߦ ߅޿ߡᄬᬺߩ⊒ᗐࠍ߼ߋߞߡኻ┙߇㗼⪺ߣߥߞߚޕߘߩઍ⴫ߪޔࠝࡂࠗࠝဳࠍ ឭ໒ߒߚ࡞࡯ࡆࡁ࠙߿ࠛࡊࠬ࠲ࠗࡦߢ޽ߞߚޕᓐࠄߩ⊒ᗐߣ࠙ࠖࠬࠦࡦࠪࡦဳ ߩ⊒ᗐߣߩᄢ߈ߥ㆑޿ߪޔᄬᬺߩ⽿છ߇㓹↪ਥߢߪߥߊ␠ળో૕ߦ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ ﹇第二日目﹈ ߎߣߢ޽ߞߚޕ࡞࡯ࡆࡁ࠙ߪޔᄬᬺ߽ઁߩ࡝ࠬࠢߣห᭽ߦ଻㒾ߦࠃߞߡࠞࡃ࡯ 第一会場 ߢ߈ࠆߣ⠨߃ޔߎߩὐߪ࠙ࠖࠬࠦࡦࠪࡦဳߣห᭽ߩ┙႐ࠍߣߞߡ޿ߚޕߛ߇ޔ ࡞࡯ࡆࡁ࠙ߪޔޟ⚻ᷣ⊛ߥ↢ᵴ߇ᓸⓍಽቇߩ♖ኒߐࠍᜬߞߡ޿ߥ޿ޠߚ߼ޔ࠙ ࠖࠬࠦࡦࠪࡦဳߩ․ᓽߢ޽ࠆ㓹↪⠪⽿છߦࠃࠆᄬᬺ੍㒐ߣ޿߁઀⚵ߺߦኻߒ ߡᙬ⇼⊛ߢ޽ߞߚޕ߽ߜࠈࠎࠝࡂࠗࠝဳߢ޽ߞߡ߽ޔᄬᬺߦ઻߁ߔߴߡߩ㊄㌛ ⊛༚ᄬࠍၒ߼วࠊߖࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿ޕ࡞࡯ࡆࡁ࠙ߪޔ߻ߒࠈߎߩὐ߇ޔ㓙㒢 ߩߥ޿⵬ఘߣ޿߁଻㒾ߩដߌㆊ߉ߣ޿߁੐ᘒߦኻߒߡޔࠝࡂࠗࠝဳ߇ஜోߥ଻ 㒾ේℂࠍᯏ⢻ߐߖߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߦ߅޿ߡࡔ࡝࠶࠻ߣᝒ߃ߚޕࠝࡂࠗࠝဳߪޔ 㓹↪ਥߣഭ௛⠪ߩ෺ᣇ߇଻㒾ߦ߆߆ࠆࠦࠬ࠻ࠍಽᜂߔࠆߎߣࠍၮᧄේℂߣߒ ߚޕ߽߁ 1 ੱߩࠝࡂࠗࠝဳߩ⺰⠪ߢ޽ࠆࠛࡊࠬ࠲ࠗࡦߪޔᎺో૕ߩ࡝ࠩ࡯ࡧࡈ ࠔࡦ࠼ࠍഃ⸳ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡࠃࠅㆡಾߥ⛎ઃ㊄߇ឭଏߢ߈ࠆߣਥᒛߒߚޕ࿃ ߺߦޔߎߩ⠨߃ߦ⾥หߒߚ AALL ౝㇱߩࠝࡂࠗࠝဳߩᡰᜬ⠪ߪߘߩᓟࠛࡊࠬ ࠲ࠗࡦߩ⚵❱ߦട౉ߒߚߚ߼ޔAALL ߪ⚵❱ߣߒߡߩᯏ⢻ࠍ⽷᡽㕙߽฽߼ᒙ૕ ൻߐߖߡ޿ߞߚޕ ࠙ࠖࠬࠦࡦࠪࡦဳߣࠝࡂࠗࠝဳߣߩਥᒛ߇಴ឥߞߚ 1933 ᐕ 11 ᦬ߦߪޔthe Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science ⹹਄ߦ߅޿ߡޟ␠ ળ଻㒾ޠ߇․㓸ߐࠇߚޕߘߎߢߪޟᒝ೙⊛ߥ౏⊛ᄬᬺ଻㒾ޠ߇⼏⺰ߐࠇߚޕߎ ߩ㔀⹹߇ᄬᬺ଻㒾ࠍ․㓸ߒߚ⢛᥊ߦߪޔ1929 ᐕߩᄢᕟᘓએ㒠ߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߢޔ ⛔⸘࠺࡯࠲߆ࠄᄬᬺ⠪ᢙߩ῜⊒⊛Ⴧട߇㔺๒ߒޔߘߩᓇ㗀ߪ୘ੱߩ▸࿐ࠍ⿥߃ ␠ળߩ⒎ᐨߦ߹ߢ෸ࠎߢ޿ߚߣ޿߁੐ታ߇޽ࠆޕࠛࡊࠬ࠲ࠗࡦߪޔࠝࡂࠗࠝဳ ߩࡊ࡜ࡦࠍၮᧄේℂߣߒߡޔ߽ߜࠈࠎᄬᬺ଻㒾ዉ౉ߦ⾥ᚑߩ┙႐ࠍ⴫᣿ߒߡ޿ ࠆޕ೑Ảࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߇ሽ⛯ߔࠆ㒢ࠅޔᄬᬺߪਇนㆱߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁⹺⼂߆ࠄޔ⃻ታ ߦታⴕน⢻ߥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߣߒߡߩ଻㒾೙ᐲߦࠃߞߡޔᄬᬺࠍේ࿃ߣߔࠆ࿎┆ߩ ✭๺ࠍ⹜ߺߚ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕᄬᬺ଻㒾ߩ⋡⊛ߪޔ↥ᬺࠍ቟ቯൻߐߖߚࠅޔᄬᬺࠍ ᶖṌߐߖߚࠅߔࠆߎߣߢߪߥߊޔ቟ቯࠍ⏕଻ߒ⏕߆ߥ⾼⾈ജࠍឭଏߔࠆߎߣߦ ޽ࠆޕૉߒߘߩ⽷Ḯߣߒߡޔ࡞࡯ࡆࡁ࠙߇ਥᒛߒߚഭ૶෺ᣇߩߺߦࠃࠆಽᜂ㊄ ߣ޿߁⼏⺰ࠍߐࠄߦㅴ߼ߡޔᚲᓧ⒢ޔᴺੱ⒢ޔ⋧⛯⒢ߦ↱᧪ߔࠆ᡽ᐭߩ⵬ഥ㊄ ࠍዉ౉ߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣਥᒛߒߡ޿ࠆޕ߹ߚޔߎࠇࠍฃߌߡ࡞࡯ࡆࡁ߽࠙ 1933

－117－ ᐕߦߥࠆߣ৻⥸⊛ߥ⒅⒢෼౉߆ࠄߩಽᜂ㊄ࠍਥᒛߒߚޕ ৻ᣇߩ࠙ࠖࠬࠦࡦࠪࡦဳߢ޽ࠆޕ1932 ᐕߩ࠙ࠖࠬࠦࡦࠪࡦᴺߩ⋡⊛ߦߟ޿ ߡޔ࡜࠙ࠪࠚࡦࡉ࠶ࠪࡘߪᰴߩ 2 ὐࠍᜰ៰ߒߚޕ(1)ޟߢ߈ࠆ㒢ࠅޔࠃࠅᄙߊ ߩᱜⷙ㓹↪ࠍೝỗߔࠆߎߣޠޕ (2)ޟ↥ᬺ߇ޔ቟ቯߒߚ઀੐ߩឭଏߦᄬᢌߒߡ޿ ࠆ෶ߪ಴᧪ߥ޿ߎߣߢᄬᬺߒߡߒ߹ߞߚഭ௛⠪ߦኻߒޔᓐࠄࠍ⵬ఘߔࠆߚ߼ߩ ᄬᬺ⛎ઃ㊄ࠍᡰᛄ߁ߎߣޠޕߎߩ⋡⊛ߦᓥߞߡޔ㓹↪ਥߩߺߦࠃࠆᄬᬺࡈࠔࡦ ࠼߳ߩಽᜂ㊄ߩ⽶ᜂࠍ᳞߼ߡ޿ࠆޕߘࠇߪޔ↥ᬺߪ቟ቯ⊛ߥ㓹↪ߦ⽿છࠍᜬߟ ߴ߈ߢ޽ࠅޔਇⷙೣߢ޽ࠆߥࠄ߫ߘߩ␠ળ⊛ࠦࠬ࠻ࠍ⽶ᜂߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ ߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ߆ࠄߛޕߘߒߡޔ㓹↪⠪߇⥄Ꮖߩᄬᬺߦ⽿છࠍᜬߟߣ޿ ߁ේℂߪޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩ↥ᬺ⾗ᧄኅߩޟᦨༀߩᘠⴕޠࠍ৻⥸ൻߔࠆߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߦ ߅޿ߡޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ⊛વ⛔ߣ৻⥌ߒߡ޿ߚޕߎ߁ߒߚࡔ࡝࠶࠻ࠍᵴ߆ߔߚ߼ߦޔ ޟ଻㒾ޠߢߪߥߊޟ⵬ఘޠߣ޿߁ᣇᴺ߇ណ↪ߐࠇߚޕᄬᬺߦኻߒߡޟ଻㒾ޠ޽ ࠆ޿ߪޟ⵬ఘޠߩ޿ߕࠇ߆ߩᣇᴺࠍ↪޿ࠆ㓙ߦ໧㗴ߣߥࠆߩߪޔޟ (1)⺕߇⽶ᜂ ߔࠆߩ߆ޔ߹ߚ(2)ߤߩࠃ߁ߦࡈࠔࡦ࠼ࠍ⸳⸘ߔߴ߈߆ޠߣ޿߁ 2 ὐߢ޽ߞߚޕ ࠙ࠖࠬࠦࡦࠪࡦဳߪޔಽᜂ㊄ࠍ㓹↪ਥߩߺߦߒޔࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߪฦડᬺ߇ߘࠇߙࠇ ࡝ࠩ࡯ࡧࡈࠔࡦ࠼ࠍ⸳⟎ߔࠆᣇᴺࠍណ↪ߒߚޕ৻ᣇࠝࡂࠗࠝဳߥࠄ߫ޔഭ૶෺ ᣇߩಽᜂߦࠃߞߡޔන৻ߩࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߦ߅޿ߡࡊ࡯࡞ߔࠆᣇᴺ߇ណࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ ⏕߆ߦޔ࠙ࠖࠬࠦࡦࠪࡦဳߩޟ⵬ఘޠߣޔࠝࡂࠗࠝဳߩޟ଻㒾ޠߦߪޔߘࠇߙ ࠇ⛎ઃ㊄ߩಽᜂ⠪ߣࡈࠔࡦ࠼ߩ޽ࠅᣇߦ㆑޿߇޽ࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔਔࡊ࡜ࡦߣ߽ޔ ᄬᬺ⠪ߦኻߔࠆㆡಾߢ૕♽⊛ߥ⵬ఘࠍⴕ߁ߣ޿߁ὐߢߪ৻⥌ߒߡ޿ߚߣ⸒߃ ࠆޕ࠙ࠖࠬࠦࡦࠪࡦဳߩ߽߁ 1 ੱߩ⺰⠪ࠕࡦ࠼࡝ࡘ࡯࠭ߪޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ߇਎⇇ߩ ਛߢ߽଀ᄖ⊛ߦఝࠇߚ⚻ᷣ␠ળࠍ㆐ᚑߒߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔഭ௛ἴኂߣ㕖⥄⊒⊛ᄬᬺ߇ ਥⷐߥ␠ળ໧㗴ߣߒߡ㓙┙ߞߡ޿ࠆߣਥᒛߒߚޕ㓹↪ਥߦ੐᡿ࠍ੍㒐ߐߖࠆࠃ ߁ߥࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖࡉࠍਈ߃ࠆഭ௛⠪ἴኂ⵬ఘᴺ߇ᜬߟࡔ࡝࠶࠻߇ޔ㓹↪ਥߦኻ ߒߡ⾓㊄ߩ៊ᄬߩ৻ㇱࠍ↢↥⾌ߩ৻ㇱߣߒߡᡰᛄ߁ߎߣߢᄬᬺߦ஻߃ࠆ଻㒾 ߦ߽޽ߡߪ߼ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߛޕណ↪ߩ᦭ήߦࠃࠆਇ౏ᐔߥ┹੎ࠍㆱߌࠆߚ߼ߩ ࡝࡯࠭࠽ࡉ࡞ߥ଻⸽ࠍ⏕଻ߔࠆߚ߼ߦޔᄬᬺ࡝ࠩ࡯ࡧࡈࠔࡦ࠼ࠍ᥉ㆉ⊛ߦㆡ↪ ߐߖࠆᒝ೙⊛ߥ౏⊛ᄬᬺ଻㒾ࠍޔ┙ᴺߦࠃߞߡᚑ┙ߐߖࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆޕߘࠇߪޔ 㓹↪ਥߦޟ㓹↪ߩ቟ቯൻޠߦߟ޿ߡ⛮⛯⊛ߦ⠨߃ߐߖࠆࠗࡦ࠮ࡦ࠹ࠖࡉࠍਈ߃ޔ 㕖⥄⊒⊛ᄬᬺ⠪ߩ⥄ዅᔃࠍ்ߟߌߕޔᶖ⾌⠪ߩ⾼⾈ജߩ࡝ࠩ࡯ࡧߣߒߡᓎ┙ߟ ઀⚵ߺߢ޽ࠆߣਥᒛߒߡ޿ࠆޕ ߒ߆ߒޔᒝ೙⊛ߥᄬᬺ଻㒾ߩዉ౉ߦ෻ኻߔࠆ⺰⠪߽޿ߚޕࠨ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪޔ ᡽ᐭਥዉߦࠃࠆޟᒝ೙⊛ߥ౏⊛ᄬᬺ଻㒾ޠ߇ޔᏒ᳃߳ߩࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ߩჇᄢߣޔ ᡽ᐭߦᢇᷣࠍᦼᓙߔࠆᄬᬺ⠪⥄りߩദജߩ⽿છࠍᷫዋߐߖࠆߣߺߥߒߡޔዉ౉ ߦ෻ኻߒߚޕࠨ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔഭ௛⠪߇⸃㓹ߐࠇࠆℂ↱ߩ 60%ㄭߊ߇ޔ ㅢᏱᦼߦ߅޿ߡߐ߃ޔਇᓥ㗅߿ᕃᗍߣ޿ߞߚ୘ੱߩޟഠߞߚᕈᩰޠߦ޽ߞߚޕ

－118－ ߘߎߢޔ౏⊛ࡈࠔࡦ࠼߆ࠄ⠧㦂ޔ∔∛ޔᄬᬺߦኻߒߡᡰេߔࠆߎߣߪޔߎߩഭ ௛⠪ߩޟഠߞߚᕈᩰޠࠍߐࠄߦഥ㐳ߔࠆߣ⷗ߥߒߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ߹ߚޟᒝ೙⊛ߥ ౏⊛ᄬᬺ଻㒾ޠ߇ታᣉߐࠇࠇ߫ޔ᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆഥᚑ㊄ߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߦ߅޿ߡ⒢⽶ᜂ ߇Ⴧടߒޔ⚿ᨐߣߒߡᣢሽ↥ᬺߩᵴേࠍ㊰ࠄߖᣂߚߥ↥ᬺߩഺ⥝ࠍᅹߍࠆߎߣ ߦߥࠆޕߎࠇ߇৻ߟߩᎺߥࠄ߫ઁߩᎺ߳↥ᬺߩᜂ޿ᚻ߇⒖ࠆߛߌ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿ ߇ޔ৻࿖ో૕ߢታᣉߐࠇࠇ߫ޔ఺⒢࿾ၞࠍ᳞߼ߡᄖ࿖߳↥ᬺ߇⒖ォߔࠆน⢻ᕈ ߽޽ࠆޕߎߩ೙ᐲߪޔ᣿ࠄ߆ߦ࠾ࡘ࡯࠺ࠖ࡯࡞ߩ⋡⊛ߦ෻ߔࠆߣ⚿⺰ઃߌߡ޿ ࠆޕ ﹇第二日目﹈ 第一会場 Φ㧚߻ߔ߮ એ਄ߢᬌ⸛ߒߡ߈ߚࠃ߁ߦޔ਎♿ォ឵ᦼߦ߅޿ߡࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ␠ળࠍᡰ߃ࠆߚ߼ ߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߦߪᄙ᭽ߥ⼏⺰߇޽ߞߚޕߘߩࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓࠍታⴕߒߡ޿ߊߚ߼ߩ ᚻᲑߣߒߡߪޔ࡞࡯࡞ߩᢛ஻ߦࠃࠆ߆ޔ޽ࠆ޿ߪޔ⛔⸘⊛ᚻᴺߦࠃࠆ߆ޔߣ޿ ߁ 1910 ᐕઍߩ␠ળ଻㓚ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩ⼏⺰ࠍ೨ឭߣߒߥ߇ࠄ߽ޔ1930 ᐕઍೋ 㗡ߩ᭴ᗐᲑ㓏ߦ߅޿ߡޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ⊛ߥ໧㗴ࠍᒁ߈ฃߌߥ߇ࠄ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄߣߪ⇣ ߥߞߚ᧦ઙߦ߅޿ߡ␠ળ଻㓚೙ᐲࠍฃߌ౉ࠇߡ޿ߊߣ޿߁౒ㅢߩਅ࿾߇಴᧪ ਄߇ߞߡ޿ߚߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ1910 ᐕઍએ㒠ߩ᡽╷ឭ᩺⠪ߩ᭴ᗐ߇ޔ⃻ታߦ↢ߓߡ ޿ࠆ໧㗴ߦኻߔࠆࠃࠅ߰ߐࠊߒ޿ኻ╷ߣߒߡޔ࠾ࡘ࡯࠺ࠖ࡯࡞ဳ߳ߩๆ෼ߣ޿ ߁ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩਛߢ➙߼਄ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ߞߚ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕⷐߔࠆߦޔᎺ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢⴕ ࠊࠇߚߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ⹜ߺߩ㊀ጀ⊛ߥ᭴ᗐߩ⫾Ⓧࠍ߽ߣߦߒߡޔᄢᕟᘓ߆ࠄ࠾ࡘ࡯ ࠺ࠖ࡯࡞ߩ⚻㛎ࠍㅢߒߡ߹ߣ߹ࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩ⑔␩࿖ኅ߇⺀↢ߒ ߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕ ᦨᓟߦޔ1950 ᐕઍߦ߆ߌߡߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞဳ⑔␩࿖ኅ߳ߩᵹࠇࠍ᭎ⷰߒߡ߅߈ ߚ޿ޕߘߩᓟߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߪޔ╙ੑᰴ਎⇇ᄢᚢᓟߩ 1940 ᐕઍᓟඨ߆ࠄޔ࠰ࡧࠖ ࠛ࠻ㅪ㇌ࠍਛᔃߣߔࠆ᧲஥⻉࿖ߣߩァ஻᜛ᒛ޽ࠆ޿ߪቝቮ㐿⊒ߣ޿߁᧲⷏ߩ ✕ᒛ㑐ଥߩߥ߆ߢޔޟᒝ޿ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞޠࠍᛂߜ಴ߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߦߥࠆޕߎࠇߪޔ ᐔ╬ߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄනߦല₸ᕈߩߺࠍㅊ᳞ߔࠆੱὑ⊛ߥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߢ޽ߞߚ ࡈࠔࠪ࠭ࡓ߿౒↥ਥ⟵ߩవ㍈ൻࠍㆱߌߥ߇ࠄޔ޿߆ߦࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩ࿖᳃ࠍ⛔วߒ ߡ޿ߊ߆ߣ޿߁࠺ࡕࠢ࡜ࠪ࡯ߩᧄ⾰ߦ߆߆ࠊࠆ໧㗴ߢ޽ߞߚޕࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߪޔࡑ ࠶ࠞ࡯ࠪ࠭ࡓߦઍ⴫ߐࠇࠆޟ⿒⁚ࠅޠߣ޿߁஥㕙ࠍᜬߟ৻ᣇߢޔࡄࡈࠜ࡯ࡑࡦ ࠬ߿⼾߆ߐߩታ⃻ޔ↥ᬺ߿ᛛⴚ࡮ァ੐ߥߤߩ㕟ᣂߦࠃߞߡࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ␠ળో૕ࠍ ⛽ᜬ⊒ዷߐߖߡ޿ߊߣ޿߁࠻࡟ࡦ࠼ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ߚޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥ 1950 ᐕઍߦ⥋ ࠆ߹ߢߩ᡽ᴦ⊛ߥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩផㅴߦ߅޿ߡޔㅪ㇌࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩഭἴ⵬ఘ߿ᄬᬺ ଻㒾޽ࠆ޿ߪ⠧㦂ᐕ㊄ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓߩታⴕߣޔ߹ߚታ⃻ߪߒߥ߆ߞߚ߇ஜᐽ଻㒾 ೙ᐲߥߤࠕࡔ࡝ࠞဳߩ⑔␩࿖ኅߩ޽ࠅᣇ߇ౣᐲ໧ࠊࠇߡ޿ߊߎߣߣߥࠆޕ

－119－ ᶖ⾌ߣ↢ᵴ᳓Ḱ22⚻ᷣቇߣኅ᡽ቇߢߩข⚵ߺ ↢၂ ℙ⛗ 㧔ർᶏ㆏ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⚻ᷣቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ඳ჻ᓟᦼ⺖⒟㧕

ᧄႎ๔ߩ⋡⊛ߪޔᄢᚢ㑆ᦼޔਥߦ 1920㨪30 ᐕઍߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩᶖ⾌߿↢ᵴ᳓Ḱߦ㑐ߔ ࠆ⎇ⓥ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ․⦡ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ߚߩ߆᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒޔߘࠇࠄߩ⚻ᷣቇߣኅ᡽ቇߣ޿ ߁ੑߟߩࡈࠖ࡯࡞࠼ߦ߅ߌࠆ૏⟎ઃߌࠍⴕߥ߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕ

᥊㧦⢛٧ 19 ਎♿ࠍㅢߓߡࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߢߪޔੱญჇടޔડᬺߩ❥ᩕޔᚲᓧߩჇㅴޔ↢ᵴ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ ะ਄߇⿠ߎࠅޔᶖ⾌⠪ߩ⾼⾈ജߪޔ↢↥ജߩ⊒㆐ߦ߽㑐ࠊࠄߕޔߘߩ↢↥ജࠍㅊ޿⿧ ߒߡ޿ߚޕߘߒߡޔ20 ਎♿ೋ㗡ߩડᬺ⚻༡⠪ߦߣߞߡ໧㗴ߣߥߞߚߩߪޔ߽ߪ߿↢↥ ߦߟ޿ߡߩ੐ᨩߢߪߥߊ⽼ᄁߦߟ޿ߡߢ޽ߞߚޕߟ߹ࠅޔᓐࠄߪޔ↢↥ㆊ೾ߩߚ߼ᶖ ⾌⠪ߩ㔛ⷐࠍ༐⿠ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄޔᶖ⾌ߦߟ޿ߡߩ㑐ᔃࠍะߌࠆߎߣ ߣߥߞߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕߘࠇએ೨ߦߪޔ㔛ⷐ༐⿠ߩᚻᲑߣߒߡᐢ๔߇ߐ߆ࠎߦ↪޿ࠄࠇߚ ߇ޔߘࠇߛߌߢߪචಽߥ⚿ᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇߥߊߥࠅޔวℂ⊛ߥᏒ႐តᩏ㧔market survey㧕 ߿Ꮢ႐ಽᨆ㧔market analysis㧕ߩ઀੐߇㊀ⷐߦߥߞߡ޿ߞߚޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥ੐ᖱ߆ࠄޔᶖ ⾌⠪ߩ⾼⾈േᯏޔ⾼⾈⠌ᘠߥߤߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏޔᶖ⾌⠪㔛ⷐߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ߇⋓ࠎߦⴕߥ ࠊࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚޕ ߹ߚޔ20 ਎♿ೋ㗡ߪޔ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄ߆ࠄߩャ౉ߢߪߥ޿ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ⁛⥄ߩ⎇ⓥ߇ዷ㐿ߒ ߪߓ߼ߚᤨᦼߢ߽޽ࠆޕߎࠇߪޔࡧࠚࡉ࡟ࡦ㧔T. Veblen㧕ߩ The Theory of Leisure Class (1899)߇⊒ೀߐࠇߚ㗃ߣ߽㊀ߥࠆޕߎߩ㗃߆ࠄ᭽ޘߥᢥൻ⊛⚻ᷣ⊛㓸࿅ߦ߅ߌࠆᡰ಴ ᒻᘒߩ⎇ⓥ߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅޔߘߩవ㚟ߣߥߞߚ߽ߩߦࡄ࠶࠹ࡦ㧔Simon Nelson Patten, 1852-1922㧕ߩޔThe Consumption of Wealth㧔1889㧕ޔThe theory of dynamic economics㧔1892㧕ߥߤߩ⪺૞߇޽ࠆޕ ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߦ߅޿ߡޔᶖ⾌ߦ㑐ߔࠆℂ⺰߇㐿⧎ᦼࠍ߻߆߃ߚߩߪ 1920 ᐕઍޔ߹ߐߦᄢ ᚢ㑆ᦼߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆޕߎߩᤨᦼࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߪޔᚲᓧߩჇടߦᲧ଀ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦੱ߮ߣߩ ᥵ࠄߒࠍᒻ૞ࠆᶖ⾌⽷߇Ⴧടߒߚᤨઍߢ߽޽ࠆޕ↢↥⠪ߚߜޔߔߥࠊߜડᬺߪޔᶖ⾌ ᜛ᄢߩߚ߼ߦߐ߹ߑ߹ߥᣇ╷ࠍ✵ࠅޔᶖ⾌⠪ߩ⋡ߩ೨ߦߪ⪇ޘߒ޿ᐢ๔߇᳚Ửߒߚޕ ߘߩᵹࠇߩਛߢޔᶖ⾌⠪ߪ߹ߔ߹ߔᶖ⾌߳ߣ㚟ࠅ┙ߡࠄࠇࠆ࿑ᑼ߇಴᧪਄߇ߞߡ޿ߞ ߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

㧝㧚ᶖ⾌⚻ᷣቇ㧦 ࠼࡯ࡈࡑࡦߪޔߎߩᤨᦼޔ⚻ᷣቇߩ․ᱶ㗔ၞߣߒߡᶖ⾌⚻ᷣቇConsumption Economics߇಴⃻ߒߚߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆޕᓐߦࠃࠇ߫ޔߎߩᤨᦼߩᶖ⾌ࠍ⺰ߓߚ⊒ዷ⊛⪺૞ ߩᄙߊߪޔ೙ᐲቇᵷ߿ޔᩮᧄ⊛ߥㇱಽߢᓐࠄߦ⽶߁ߣߎࠈ߇޽ࠆߣ⹺߼ߚੱޘߦࠃߞ ߡ↢ߺߛߐࠇߚߣ޿߁ 1ޕߘߎߢ␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ߇ޔએਅߢ⚫੺ߔࠆHazel Kyrkޔ Jessica B. PeixottoޔTheresa Schmid McMahonߣ޿߁ਃฬߩᅚᕈ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߚߜߢ޽ࠆޕ

٧ࡋ࡯࠯࡞࡮ࠞ࡯ࠢ㧔Hazel Kyrk:1886-1957㧕 ࡋ࡯࠯࡞㨯ࠞ࡯ࠢߪޔࠪࠞࠧᄢቇߦ߅޿ߡቇ૏ࠍขᓧߒߚᅚᕈ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߢ޽ࠆޕ ቇ ૏⺰ᢥߪޔ“The Consumer’s Guidance of Economic Activity”ߢ޽ࠅޔߎࠇߪޔ╙ 35 ࿁ Hart, Schaffner, and Marx prizeߢ৻૏ߣߥࠅޔ$1,000 ߩ⾨㊄ࠍ₪ᓧߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ಴ ߩ ᯏળࠍਈ߃ࠄࠇߚޕߎࠇ߇ޔ1923 ᐕߦ಴ ߐࠇߚA Theory of Consumptionߢ޽ࠆޕᓐᅚ

1 Joseph Dorfman, The Economic Mind in American Civilization : Volumes Four and Five 1918-1933, New York: Augustus M. Kelley Publishers, 1969(1959), p. 572

－120－ ߪ 1925 ᐕ 3 ᦬ߦࠪࠞࠧᄢቇߩ⡯ࠍᓧߚᓟ 2ޔ1938ޯ1941 ᐕߩᄐޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞㄘോ⋭ߩኅ ᡽ቇዪ㧔the Bureau of Home Economics of the US Department of Agriculture㧕ߩਥᏨࠛࠦ ࡁࡒࠬ࠻ߣߒߡޔᓟߦᶖ⾌⠪‛ଔᜰᢙࠍቯ߼ࠆၮḰᐕᐲଔᩰߩ⸳ቯߦ↪޿ࠄࠇࠆ੐ߣ ߥߞߚᄢⷙᮨߥኅ⸘ᡰ಴⺞ᩏࠍᜂᒰߒߚޕ╙ੑᰴᄢᚢਛߪଔᩰ▤ℂዪ㧔The Office of Price Administration㧕ߢ઀੐ࠍߒޔ1945㨪46 ᐕߦߪޔᚢᓟߩࠗࡦࡈ࡟ߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚᶖ ⾌⠪‛ଔᜰᢙߩᡷቯߦ㑐ߒߡㅪ㇌᡽ᐭߦࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠬࠍਈ߃ࠆኾ㐷ᆔຬળߩ⼏㐳ࠍോ߼ ߚޕߎߩᓟޔࠞ࡯ࠢߪޔ1952 ᐕ߹ߢࠪࠞࠧᄢቇߩ⚻ᷣቇㇱ߅ࠃ߮ኅ᡽ቇㇱߢᢎ㖊ࠍߣ ࠅޔ1957 ᐕ 8 ᦬ޔㆱᥤ࿾ߢ޽ߞߚࡃ࡯ࡕࡦ࠻Ꮊ࠙ࠚࠬ࠻࡮࠺ࡦࡃ࡯ߢ੢ߊߥߞߚ 3ޕ

ޟᶖ⾌⎇ⓥߩᕈ⾰ߣߘߩ▸࿐ޠߣߒߚ৻┨߆ࠄᆎ߹ࠆ A Theory of Consumption ߢߪޔ ﹇第二日目﹈ ᶖ⾌⠪ߩㆬᛯߩ⥄↱ߣޔ↢↥ߦ㑐ࠊࠆߐ߹ߑ߹ߥⷐ⚛ߣߩ㑐ଥ߇⺰ߓࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕᓐ 第一会場 ᅚߪޔߘߩߥ߆ߢ߽ޔᶖ⾌⠪ߩ⹏ଔࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦὶὐࠍ⛉ࠅޔࠬ࠲ࡦ࠳࡯࠼ߥᶖ⾌ߣߪ ૗߆ޔࠬ࠲ࡦ࠳࡯࠼ߥ↢ᵴߣߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߆ߦߟ޿ߡ⠨ኤߔࠆޕߘࠇߪޔᶖ⾌⠪ ߦࠃࠆㆬᛯޔߟ߹ࠅޔᶖ⾌ⴕേߪଔ୯ߩ⹏ଔࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩ➅ࠅ㄰ߒߣߒߡឬ߆ࠇޔߘࠇ ߦࠃߞߡᚑࠅ┙ߟ↢ᵴߢ޽ࠆޕߘߩ⫾Ⓧ߇ޔ↢ᵴ᳓Ḱ㧔↢ᵴၮḰ㧕ߦᄌൻࠍ↢ߓߐߖ ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕ ࠞ࡯ࠢ߇⋡ᜰߒߚߩߪᣢሽߩ⚻ᷣቇߣߪ⇣ߥࠆޔᶖ⾌㧩ㆬᛯ㧩ੱ㑆ⴕേߣ޿߁࿑ᑼ ߩ߽ߣߢᶖ⾌⠪ࠍਥ૕ߣߒߚޟㆡಾߥᶖ⾌ߩℂ⺰ޠࠍឭ␜ߔࠆߎߣߛߞߚޕߘࠇߪޔ ᶖ⾌⠪ߩ૏⟎㧔place㧕ߣᯏ⢻ࠍ␜ߔ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅޔޟᤨઍߣ႐วࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚᶖ⾌⺰ޠߢ ߽޽ࠆޕ ࠞ࡯ࠢߪޔᣢሽߩ⚻ᷣቇ߇ᶖ⾌ࠍᰴߩࠃ߁ߦขࠅ਄ߍߡ߈ߚߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚޕߟ߹ࠅޔ ᓐᅚߪᶖ⾌߇ቢోߦήⷞߐࠇߡ߈ߚߣߪ⠨߃ߡ޿ߥ޿ޕࠗࠡ࡝ࠬฎౖᵷߪޔ↢↥ޔ੤ ឵ޔಽ㈩ߣห᭽ޔᶖ⾌ߦߟ޿ߡᵈᗧࠍะߌߡ޿ߚߣߒߡ޿ࠆޔߘࠇߪޔᓐᅚ߇໧㗴ߣ ߔࠆޟᶖ⾌ߩਥ૕ޠߦኻߔࠆ㑐ᔃߢߪߥ߆ߞߚޕ߹ߚޔᓐᅚߪޔࠗࠡ࡝ࠬฎౖᵷߩ⼏ ⺰߇ޔޟჇടߔࠆ↢↥ߩ໧㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆవ౉ⷰ߿ޔᶖ⾌ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ߇฽ࠎߢ޿ࠆ߽ߩߦ ߟ޿ߡߩ㒢ቯ⊛ߥ⷗⸃ߩߚ߼ߦޠᶖ⾌ߩޟਥ૕ޠࠍήⷞߒߚߣߣࠄ߃ߡ޿ࠆ 4ޕ ઁᣇޔ㒢⇇ല↪ቇᵷߢߪޔᒻᑼ⊛ߦㆬᛯߩ⥄↱ࠍᜬߟᶖ⾌⠪߇ᛒࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆߣߒߡ ޿ࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔߘߎߢ໧㗴ߩਛᔃߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆߩߪޔ↥ᬺࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߦ߅޿ߡߘࠇ߇ ߤ߁ᯏ⢻ߔࠆ߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߿ޔᶖ⾌⠪ߪ୘ੱ߿ኅ⸘ߩ࠾࡯࠭ࠍ૕⃻ߔࠆ⾼⾈⠪ߢߒ߆ ߥߊޔߘࠇߪޔਥߦᏒ႐ߩ໧㗴ࠍ⺰ߓࠆ㓙ߦ⊓႐ߔࠆߩߢ޽ߞߚޕߒ߆ߒޔࠞ࡯ࠢߪ ᰴߩࠃ߁ߦㅀߴޔߎߩࠃ߁ߥᶖ⾌⠪ߩᛒ޿ᣇࠍណ↪ߒߥ޿ޕޟᏒ႐ߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ㊀ ⷐߣߐࠇࠆߩߪޔᶖ⾌ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬో૕ߩ⚳⌕ὐߢ޽ߞߡޔ୘ޘߩᶖ⾌⠪ߪޔᓐ߇ㆬᛯߦ ߅ߌࠆജࠍታ〣ߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ㓙ޔ࿎㔍ߦ⋥㕙ߒߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥಽᨆߩߺߢߪޔᶖ ⾌ߩቢ⅜ߥℂ⺰ߦߪߚߤࠅ⌕ߊߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿ 5ޠޕએ਄߇ޔᓐᅚ߇ᣢሽߩ⚻ᷣቇߦ ⷗ߚᶖ⾌⺰ߢ޽ࠆޕ ࠞ࡯ࠢߪߎߎ߆ࠄㅴࠎߢޔޟᶖ⾌⠪ߩㆬᛯߪଔᩰ࡟ࡌ࡞߿೑᏷ߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆߣ޿ ߁ὐߢജࠍᜬߟࠃ߁ߦߥࠆޠߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍ␜ߒޔฃേ⊛ߢߪߥ޿ᶖ⾌⠪ޔ↢↥ࠍⷙቯ ߔࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡߩᶖ⾌⠪௝ࠍឭ␜ߒߚޕߘߒߡޔᶖ⾌⠪ߩ㑐ᔃ㧔interest㧕߇ޟ⁛භޔ ਇᱜⴕὑޔ☻ᖡຠߘߒߡ೑Ảࠍㅊ᳞ߔࠆ↢↥⠪ߩࠃࠅ⁗₍ߥ╷⇛ߦࠃߞߡޔォⷒߐࠇ

2 ᒰೋߪޔኅ᡽ቇߩ associate professor ߣߒߡ㓹ࠊࠇߡ޿ߚ߇ޔ1929-30 ᐕߦޔ⚻ᷣቇㇱߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߣ ߒߡ౏ᑼߦ⸥タߐࠇߪߓ߼ߚޕ(Folbre, Nancy. The “Sphere of Women” in Early-Twentieth-Century Economics. From Gender and American Social Science: the formative years. Edited by Helen Silverberg. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1998. p. 47) 3 Edited by Dimand, Rovert W., Dimand, Mary Ann, Forget, Evelyn L., A Biographical Dictionary of Women Economist, Edward Elgar, 2000. pp.251-253 4 Kyrk, Hazel, A Theory of Consumption, Arno Press, 1923(1976). p.19 5 ibid., pp. 130-131

－121－ ᝂ᛬ߐߖࠄࠇࠆน⢻ᕈޠ߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍ⠨ᘦߒޔޟᶖ⾌ߩㆡಾߥℂ⺰ޠߪޔ⁛භޔਇᱜ ⴕὑޔ☻ᖡຠޔ↢↥⠪ߩ⁗₍ߥ╷⇛ߦኻߔࠆታ〣⊛ߥ⻉᧦ઙࠍ⹺⼂ߐߖࠆߚ߼ߩ߽ߩ ߢ޽ߞߚޕ ᦨ߽㊀ⷐߥߩߪޔࠞ࡯ࠢ߇ޟߎߩࠃ߁ߥᶖ⾌ߩℂ⺰ߪޔᶖ⾌ߩ㗼⪺ߥ஥㕙ޔߔߥࠊ ߜޔ↢ᵴ᳓Ḱߣ޿߁߽ߩߩ๟ㄝߦᛂߜ┙ߡࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩޠߣߒߡขࠅ਄ߍߡ޿ࠆὐߢ޽ ࠆޕᓐᅚߩ␜ߒߚᶖ⾌ߩㆡಾߥℂ⺰ߪޔޟߤߩࠃ߁ߦߎࠇࠄߩၮḰ߇಴᧪਄߇ࠆ߆ࠍ ⺑᣿ޠߒޔޟߘࠇ߇᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆࡊࡠ࠮ࠬޠࠍ␜ߒߚޕߘߒߡޔޟߘࠇࠄߩၮḰߩ᭴ᚑ ⷐ⚛ࠍಽᨆޠߒޔߘࠇ߇⊒ዷߒᄌൻߔࠆ⁁ᴫࠍឬ߈಴ߒߚޕߘߎߢߩਥᓎࠍޔኅ⸘ࠍ ▤ℂߔࠆሽ࿷ޔߟ߹ࠅޔᶖ⾌㧩ㆬᛯࠍⴕߥ߁ਥ૕ߢ޽ࠆޟᅚᕈޠߣߒޔߘߩᓎഀࠍᒝ ⺞ߒߚޕߘߒߡޔ⾫޿ᶖ⾌ wise consumption ߩታ〣ޔߔߥࠊߜޔᶖ⾌⠪߅ࠃ߮ᶖ⾌ߩ ⾰⊛ะ਄ߩᔅⷐᕈࠍ⺰ߓߚߩ߇ᓐᅚߩᶖ⾌⺰ߩᦨᄢߩ․㐳ߣ޿߃ࠆޕߘࠇߪޔ⃻ታߩ ᶖ⾌↢ᵴߩⷞὐࠍ⚻ᷣቇᛕ್ߩ⿷႐ߣߒޔࠝ࡝ࠫ࠽࡞ߥᶖ⾌⚻ᷣቇࠍឭ␜ߔࠆ⹜ߺߢ ޽ߞߚޕ ߐࠄߦޔᶖ⾌⠪ਥ૕ߣ޿߁ੱ㑆௝ࠍᅚᕈߣߒߡౕ૕ൻߔࠆߎߣߢޔ⚻ᷣቇߦ ᕈ೎ࠍᜬߜㄟࠎߛߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢ߽ᢾᣂߥ⊒ᗐߢ޽ߞߚߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕߘߒߡޔᓐᅚ⥄り ߪ޽ߊ߹ߢ߽⚻ᷣቇߩ໧㗴ߣߒߡᶖ⾌ࠍ⺰ߓߚ߇ޔ⚻ᷣቇㇱߣኅ᡽ቇㇱߦ߅ߌࠆᓐᅚ ߩᢎ⢒߆ࠄޔ⚻ᷣቇߣኅ᡽ቇߣߩ⊒ዷࠍଦߔ߈ߞ߆ߌߣߥߞߚߩߢ޽ߞߚޕ

٧ࠫࠚࠪࠞ࡮ࡍ࡚ࠗࠪ࠶࠻㧔Jessica B. Peixotto:1864-1941㧕  ࠫࠚࠪࠞ࡮ࡍ࡚ࠗࠪ࠶࠻ߪޔ࠾ࡘ࡯࡛࡯ࠢߢ↢߹ࠇᢙᐕᓟߦࠨࡦࡈ࡜ࡦࠪࠬࠦ߳⒖ ߞߚޕ1880 ᐕޔῳⷫߦߪ෻ኻߐࠇࠞ࡝ࡈࠜ࡞࠾ࠕᄢቇࡃ࡯ࠢ࡟࡯ᩞ߳ߩ౉ቇࠍᢿᔨޕ ᓟߩ 1891 ᐕޔ27 ᱦߢࡃ࡯ࠢ࡟࡯ᩞߩ⡬⻠↢ߣߥࠅᧄᩰ⊛ߦቇ⠌ࠍᆎ߼ޔ1894 ᐕߦ Ph. B ⺖⒟ࠍୃੌޕ⠉ᐕ߆ࠄ Department of Political Science ߩᄢቇ㒮ߦㅴߺޔߎߩ㗃߆ࠄޔ ⚻ᷣቇߦ⥝๧ࠍᜬߜೋ߼ߚ߇ޔቇㇱᤨઍߪ⚻ᷣቇߦߟ޿ߡߪੑߟߩන૏ࠍขᓧߒߚߛ ߌߛߞߚޕ1886㨪87 ᐕߦߪ࠰࡞ࡏࡦ࠿ߢඳ჻⺰ᢥߩߚ߼ߩ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߥߞߚޕ1900 ᐕޔ ࠞ࡝ࡈࠜ࡞࠾ࠕᄢቇߢੑੱ⋡ߩᅚᕈඳ჻ภขᓧ⠪ߣߥߞߚޕඳ჻⺰ᢥߪޔA Comparative Study of the Principles of the French Revolution and the Doctrines of Modern French Socialism ߢޔ1901 ᐕߦޔThe French Revolution and Modern French Socialism ߣߒ ߡ಴ ߐࠇߚޕ  1904 ᐕࡃ࡯ࠢ࡟࡯ߩ␠ળቇߩ⻠⟵ࠍฃߌᜬߟࠃ߁ߦߥࠅޔ1907 ᐕߦߪ⚻ᷣቇㇱߩ৻ ຬߣߥߞߚޕᦨೋߪAssistant Professor of SociologyߣߒߡޔᓟߦޔAssistant Professor of Social Economicsߩ⡯ߦዞ޿ߚޕ1918 ᐕޔᅚᕈߢೋߩFull Professorߣߥࠅޔ1935 ᐕߦᒁ ㅌߒߚޕᓐᅚߪޔ28 ᐕ㑆ࡃ࡯ࠢ࡟࡯ߩ⚻ᷣቇㇱߢᢎ㖊ࠍߣߞߚ߇ޔหᤨߦޔߎߩቇㇱ ߢඳ჻ภࠍขᓧߒߚೋ߼ߡߩᅚᕈߢ޽ࠅޔ⡯ࠍᓧߚೋ߼ߡߩᅚᕈߢ޽ࠅޔᱜᢎ᝼ߣߥ ߞߚೋ߼ߡߩᅚᕈߢ޽ߞߚ 6ޕ

 Getting and Spending at the Professional Standard of Living㧔1927㧕7ߢߪޔࠞ࡝ࡈࠜ࡞࠾ ࠕᄢቇߩ 96 ੱߩᢎ⡯ຬߣߘߩኅᣖ㧔⃻ઍߩ↪⺆ߢ޿߁ߣߎࠈߩ“ᶖ⾌ߩන૏㧔spending units㧕”㧕ࠍታ଀ߣߒߡขࠅ਄ߍߚޕ߹ߚޔ⺰ᢥ“How Workers Spend a Living Wage 㧔1929㧕”ߢߪޔࠨࡦࡈ࡜ࡦࠪࠬࠦߦ޿ࠆ 82 ੱߩᵴ ᛛⴚ⠪㧔typographers㧕ߩኅᣖࠍ ขࠅ਄ߍߚޕᓐᅚߪޔಽᨆߩ㓙ޔߘࠇߙࠇߩ෼౉࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߅޿ߡޔ㊀ⷐᐲ߇Ⴧߒߡ߈ ߡ޿ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߦኻߔࠆᡰ಴߽㗄⋡ߦ฽߼ߡ޿ߚޕ㧔ߚߣ߃߫ޔᛩ⾗ޔ ଻㒾ޔ⥄േゞޔஜᐽޔᇅᭉߥߤ㧕ᓐᅚߪޔߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ⡯ᬺߩ㓸࿅ޔ␠ળ⊛㓸࿅ੑኻߔ ࠆ⹦⚦ߥ⺞ᩏ߿ޔᚲᓧ೎ߩ⺞ᩏߩ⚿ᨐߣߒߡޔᡰ಴ߪޔᮡḰൻߔࠆ㧔become standardized㧕௑ะ߇޽ࠆߣߒߚޕ

6 A Biographical Dictionary of Women Economist, pp.328-330 7 Peixotto, Jessica B., Getting and Spending at the Professional Standard of Living, New York: Arno Press,1927(1976).

－122－  ߚߣ߃߫ޔᄢቇ⡯ຬߩኅᣖߪޔᦨ߽วℂ⊛ߦᡰ಴ߔࠆߎߣ߇੍᷹ߐࠇߚ߇ޔ߅߅ࠃ ߘᡰ㈩⊛ߥᚲᓧ㓏ጀߩࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߦೣߞߚ߽ߩߛߞߚޕᄢቇᢎ᝼ߚߜߪޔޟ৻⥸⊛ߦޔ ᶖ⾌⠪ߩ࠲ࠗࡊߣߒߡ‘ᦨ߽㜞޿’㓏ጀߦ૏⟎ߒޔ୘ޘߩߘߒߡޔ㓸࿅ߩㆬᛯߦ߅޿ߡޔ ᓐߪޔฦㆬᛯ⢇ߣߘࠇ߇ㆬᛯߐࠇࠆℂ↱ࠍᛚ⍮ߒޔߘߩㆬᛯࠍⴕߥ߁ਥ૕ߣߒߡߩᶖ ⾌⠪ߢ޽ࠆޠޕߒ߆ߒޔ⃻࿷ߩᄢቇᢎ᝼ߩ᥵ࠄߒᣇ㧔ways of living㧕ߪޔో਎⇇ᮡḰ 㧔the standards of the world-at-large㧕ߦะ߆߁௑ะ߇޽ࠆߣ޿߁ޕߟ߹ࠅޔޟ‘ቇ໧ߩ’਎ ⇇ߪޔߎࠇ߹ߢᲧセ⊛ቅ┙ߒߡ޿ߚ߇ޔᚒޘోߡ߇ធߒߡ޿ࠆ↢ᵴ᳓Ḱߩ޿ࠊࠁࠆ‘਄ ᣹’௑ะߦ⋥㕙ޠߒߡ߅ࠅޔᐔဋ⊛ߥᢎ⡯ຬߪޔޟ⃻ઍߩᐼ᳃ߩ↢ᵴߩ‘ၮḰߣߥࠆࠃ ߁ߥ’↢ᵴ᭽ᑼߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆ޽ࠄࠁࠆࡔࡦࡃ࡯߆ࠄหߓᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌࠆޠߣߒߡ޿ࠆޕ ߘߒߡޔో૕ߩ௑ะߣߒߡޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩ↢ᵴ᳓Ḱߩᧄ⾰⊛․ᓽߪޔޟ⻉୘ੱ߿ኅᣖߏ ﹇第二日目﹈ ߣߩ᰼᳞㧔wants㧕ߩⷙᮨ߇ޔ㊂ޔ⒳㘃ޔᒝᐲߩߤࠇߦ߅޿ߡ߽Ⴧടߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ 第一会場 ޿ޔჇടߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߦኻߔࠆޔᾲ⁅⊛ߥାᔨޠߢ޽ࠆߣߒޔޟߘߩࠃ߁ ߥ᰼᳞ߩ᜛ᒛߣᄌൻ߇ޔ᳗㆙ߩᐘ⑔ߣ৻⥸ᄢⴐߩᔟㆡߥ᥵ࠄߒ㧔general well-being㧕ߩ Ⴧടޠ߳ߣߟߥ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆߣߒߚޕ

٧࠹࡟ࠨ࡮ࡑࠢࡑࡎࡦ 㧔Theresa Schmid McMahon:1878-1961㧕  ࠹࡟ࠨ࡮ࡑࠢࡑࡎࡦ 8 ߪޔࠪࠕ࠻࡞ߩ㇠ᄖ࡟ࠗࠢ࡮ࡢࠪࡦ࠻ࡦߩ⌀ࠎਛߦᶋ߆߱ޔ ࡑ࡯ࠨ࡯ࠕࠗ࡜ࡦ࠼㧔Mercer Island㧕ߢ⢒ߞߚޕ1907 ᐕߦޔ࠙ࠖࠬࠦࡦࠪࡦᄢቇߢ␠ ળቇ㧔࠙ࠖࠬࠦࡦࠪࡦߢߪޔ⚻ᷣቇߣ␠ળቇߪ৻ߟߩቇㇱߦߥߞߡ޿ߚ㧕ߩඳ჻ภࠍ ขᓧߒߚޕඳ჻⺰ᢥߪޔ1912 ᐕߦ಴ ߐࠇߚWomen and Economic Evolutionߢ޽ࠆޕᒰ ᤨߩ⎇ⓥખ㑆ߦߪJohn R. Commons߇߅ࠅޔCharlotte Perkins Gilmanߩ⪺૞߆ࠄᓇ㗀ࠍ ฃߌߡ޿ߚޕᓐᅚ߇ᢎ߃ߚቇ↢ߩਛߦߪޔGeorge Stigler߇޿ࠆ 9ޕ  ࡑࠢࡑࡎࡦߪޔ Social and Economic Standard of Living㧔1925㧕10ߦ߅޿ߡޔࡧࠚࡉ࡟ ࡦ߇໒߃ߚੱ㑆ߩ⷗ᩕߩᕈะ㧔emulatory propensity of man㧕ࠍ಴⊒ὐߣߒߡ⺰ߓߡ޿ࠆޕ ߘߒߡޔ⾓㌁਄᣹ᦼߦ߅ߌࠆഭ௛⠪㆐ߩᮨ୮ⴕേߦߣࠅࠊߌᵈ⋡ߒޔᓐࠄߩ⠨߃ᣇ 㧔point of view㧕ߪޔ޿ࠊࠁࠆޔ⽷↥ኅ㧔propertied-man㧕ߩ⠨߃ߦߥߞߡ߈ߡ߅ࠅޔ␠ ળ⊛⻉㓏ጀߪޔߘߩ㓏ጀߢ⢒߹ࠇߚ୘ᕈࠃࠅ߻ߒࠈޔ৻ᱠవߦ޽ࠆ㓏ጀߩ୘ᕈࠍขࠅ ౉ࠇࠆ௑ะࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆߣߒߚޕߘߒߡޔ“␠ળ⊛↢ᵴ᳓Ḱߩ᳃ਥൻ”ߩ⊒ዷ߇ޔ᡽ᴦ ⊛ߥ᳃ਥൻߣ↥ᬺߩ᳃ਥൻߦࠃߞߡᚑ┙ߔࠆߣ޿߁⷗ᣇࠍ⇼໧ⷞߒߚޕߟ߹ࠅޔ᡽ᴦ ⊛᳃ਥൻߣ↥ᬺߩ᳃ਥൻߪᚑߒㆀߍࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩߩޔ␠ળ᳃ਥਥ⟵㧔a social democracy㧕ߩታ⃻ߪޔᣂߚߥ␠ળ⊛ଔ୯ߩ⻉ၮḰ㧔new standards of social valuation㧕 ߦࠃߞߡޔ੐ታ਄ߊߓ߆ࠇߡߒ߹߁ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ  એ਄ޔ3 ฬߩޟᶖ⾌⚻ᷣቇޠߪޔ⚻ᷣቇߩ▸⇵ߢᶖ⾌ߣߘࠇߦࠃߞߡᚑࠅ┙ߟ↢ᵴ ᳓Ḱࠍ⎇ⓥߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔߎࠇࠄߪ␠ળቇ߿ᔃℂቇߥߤࠍขࠅ౉ࠇࠆߎߣߦⓍᭂ ⊛ߢ޽ߞߚޕ ߘࠇߪޔᒰᤨߩᣢሽߩ⚻ᷣቇߩ⍮⼂߆ࠄߪ⸃᳿ߒᓧߥ޿ⷐ⚛߇ ᶖ⾌ࠍ ಽᨆߔࠆ਄ߢߪᔅⷐߛߞߚ߆ࠄߢߪߥ޿߆ޕ ߘߒߡޔߘߩ⎇ⓥᣇᴺߪޔ⚻ᷣቇߩਛߦ ᶖ⾌⺰ࠍ૏⟎ߠߌࠃ߁ߣߒߚ߽ߩ㧔ࠞ࡯ࠢ㧕߆ࠄޔታ⾰⊛࠺࡯࠲ࠍరߦੱޘߩ᥵ࠄߒ ߩ᭽ሶࠍᶖ⾌ߩⷰὐ߆ࠄឬ߈಴ߘ߁ߣߒߚ߽ߩ㧔ࡍ࡚ࠗࠪ࠶࠻㧕ߥߤߐ߹ߑ߹ߢ޽ߞ ߚޕߟ߹ࠅޔᶖ⾌ߩ⎇ⓥߪޔ⚻ᷣቇߣઁߩಽ㊁ߣࠍ᛬ⴲߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡᚑࠅ┙ߟ߽ ߩ⷗ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕߘߩᗧ๧ߢޔᶖ⾌⎇ⓥߪޔᶖ⾌ߣ޿߁“⚻ᷣ”ᵴേࠍᛒ޿ߥ߇ࠄ ߽ޔ⚻ᷣቇߩ໧㗴ߣߒߡࠬ࠻࡟࡯࠻ߦขࠅᛒ߁ߎߣ߇㔍ߒ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢߪߥ޿ߛࠈ

8 ࡑࠢࡑࡎࡦ߇ 1911㨪1937 ᐕ߹ߢᚲዻߒߡ޿ߚ University of Washington ߦߪޔᓐᅚߣᓐᅚߩᄦߢᱧ ผቇߩᢎ᝼ߢ޽ߞߚ Edward McMahon㧔1908㨪1940 ᐕ߹ߢᚲዻ㧕ߩੑੱࠍ⸥ᔨߒߡฬઃߌࠄࠇߚቇ ↢ኰ㧩McMahon Hall ߇⃻ሽߒߡ޿ࠆޕ㧔Norman Johnston, The Campus Guide: University of Washington, Princeton Architectural Press, 2001. pp.83-84) 9 A Biographical Dictionary of Women Economist. pp. 304-306 10 McMahon, Theresa S., Social and Economic Standards of Living. Boston: D.C. Heath, 1925.

－123－ ߁߆ޕ

㧞㧚ኅ᡽ቇ㧦 ٧ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞኅ᡽ቇߩᚑ┙߹ߢ㧦 ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞኅ᡽ቇ߇ߘߩ⑼ቇൻߦࠃߞߡޔኅ᡽ቇ߇ᄢቇ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ᳓Ḱߦ߹ߢ㜞߼ࠄࠇޔ ૕♽ൻߐࠇࠆߎߣߦᄢ߈ߊ⽸₂ߒߚߩߪኅ᡽ቇㆇേߣ๭߫ࠇࠆേ߈ߢ޽ߞߚޕ ኅ᡽ቇㆇേ߅ࠃ߮ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞኅ᡽ቇߩ⺀↢ߦߣߞߡޔᰳ߆ߔߎߣߩߢ߈ߥ޿ੱ‛ߪޔ ࠠࡖࠨ࡝ࡦ࡮ࡆ࡯࠴ࡖ࡯11㧔Catharine Esther Beecher㧕ߣޔࠛ࡟ࡦ࡮࡝࠴ࡖ࡯࠭ 12 㧔Ellen H. Richards㧕ߢ޽ࠆޕᓐᅚߚߜߩዧജߦࠃߞߡޔኅ᡽ቇߪޔ࡟ࠗࠢ㨯ࡊ࡜ࠪ࠶ ࠼ળ⼏ 13㧔1899-1907 ᐕ㧕ࠍᄾᯏߣߒߡ૕♽ൻ߇ㅴࠎߛޕ ߘߩ೨Ბ㓏ߣߒߡޔ1870 ᐕ㗃ߦߪޔᄢቇ߇ኅ᡽ቇࠦ࡯ࠬࠍ⸳ߌࠆേ߈߇⋓ࠎߢ޽ߞ ߚ߇ޔߘߩℂ↱ߩ৻ߟߪޔᅚᕈ߇ᄢቇߦ౉ቇߔࠆߩߪᲣⷫߦߥࠆߚ߼ߩᢎ⢒ 14ࠍฃߌ ࠆߚ߼ޔߣ޿߁⠨߃߇ᐢ߹ߞߚߎߣ߇޽ߍࠄࠇࠆޕ

٧ኅ᡽ቇ㧩Home Economics ߩᗧ๧㧦  ኅ᡽ቇߩ૕♽ൻ߇ㅴ߻ߥ߆ߢޔኅ᡽ቇߩࠦ࡯ࠬߩฬ⒓߿ౝኈࠍ⛔৻ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ߞ ߚޕߒߚ߇ߞߡޔ࡟ࠗࠢ࡮ࡊ࡜ࠪ࠶࠼ળ⼏ߪޔ߹ߕޔฬ⒓ߩㆬᛯߦߟ޿ߡߩ⼏⺰߆ࠄ ᆎ߹ߞߚޕߘࠇߪޔኅ᡽ቇ߇⥄りࠍቯ⟵ߔࠆߚ߼ߦᦨ߽㊀ⷐߥ઀੐ߢ޽ߞߚߣ޿߃ࠆޕ ⸛⺰ߩᧃߦㆬᛯߐࠇߚޔ1. ኅ᡽ቇ㧔Home Economics㧕ߩ߶߆ޔ2. ኅ੐ᛛ⧓ 㧔Household Arts㧕ޔ3. ኅ੐⚻ᷣ㧔Domestic Economy㧕ޔ4. ኅ੐⑼ቇ㧔Domestic Science㧕߇୥⵬ߢ޽ࠅޔߘࠇߙࠇ⇣ߥࠆ⋡ᮡ߿ᒝ⺞ὐࠍ␜ߒߡ߅ࠅޔߘࠇߙࠇߦᠩ⼔ ⠪߇޿ߚޕ2 ߪޔᢱℂߣⵙ❔ߩࠃ߁ߥᚻᎿᢎ⢒ޔ3 ߪࡆ࡯࠴ࡖ࡯ߩਥ⪺A Treatise on Domestic Economyࠍណ↪ߒߚ߽ߩߢޔਥᇚߣ૶↪ੱߣߩ໧㗴ߦὶὐࠍᒰߡߡ޿ߚޕ4 ߪޔ ᩕ㙃ߣⴡ↢ࠍᒝ⺞ߒߚ߽ߩߢޔ࡝࠴ࡖ࡯࠭ߪᒰೋߎߩ⺆ߩណ↪ࠍ⮈߼ߡ޿ߚޕߘߒߡ 1 ߪޔᣂ⥝ߩ␠ળ⑼ቇߩ⍮⼂ࠍขࠅ౉ࠇޔኅᐸࠍ␠ળ⊛ߦ૏⟎ߠߌࠃ߁ߣߒߚ߽ߩߢ ޽ࠅޔߎࠇ߇ណ↪ߐࠇߚߩߪޔᅚᕈߩવ⛔⊛㗔ၞߣߒߡߩኅᐸߩ᭎ᔨࠍᣂߒ޿␠ળ⑼ ቇߩ․ᓽߣㆡಾߦ⚿߮ઃߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢޔೋᦼߩኅ᡽ቇㆇേࠍ᭴ᚑߒ ߚᄙ᭽ߥᵹࠇࠍ฽ߺ߁ࠆ߽ߩߛߞߚ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠈ߁ 15ޕ

ߣኅ᡽ቇ㧦ޠ⢒ᶖ⾌⠪ᢎޟ٧  ߎߩᵹࠇߩਛߢޔޟᶖ⾌⠪ᢎ⢒㧔consumer education㧕ޠߪޔࡋࡦ࡝࡯࡮ࡂ࡜࠶ࡊߩ

11 1841 ᐕߦ A Treatise on Domestic Economy ࠍ಴ ޕࡧࠖࠢ࠻࡝ࠕᦺ㘑ߩኅᐸ↢ᵴ㧔domesticity㧕ߩ ᭎ᔨࠍᠩ⼔ߔࠆ┙႐߆ࠄޔᅚሶߦኻߔࠆቇᩞᢎ⢒ࠍផㅴߒߚޕߎߩ⪺ᦠߪޔኅ᡽ቇࠍᢎ᝼ߔࠆ૕♽ ࠍ᭴ᚑߒߚ߽ߩߢޔᅚᕈߦᆄ߿Უⷫߣߒߡߩኾ㐷⊛ߥ⡯ᬺࠍᢎ߃ࠆߚ߼ߦޔ৻⥸⑼ቇࠍၮ␆ߣߒߚ ࡝ࡌ࡜࡞㨯ࠕ࡯࠷ޔߟ߹ࠅޔኅ᡽ቇߩࡈࠜ࡯ࡑ࡞ߥᢎ⢒ࠍឭ໒ߒߚ߽ߩޕ 12 ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߢᄢቇᢎ⢒ࠍ߁ߌߚᦨೋߩ਎ઍߩ৻ੱޕหᤨઍߩ㜞ᐲߥᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߚᅚᕈߚߜߩⷐ᳞ࠍ ḩߚߔߚ߼ߦኅ᡽ቇߩ⏕┙ߦዧജߒߚޕ1911 ᐕߦ੢ߊߥࠆ߹ߢޔㆇേߩᜰዉ⠪ߢ޽ࠅޔਛᔃ⊛ߥᚢ ⇛ኅߢ޽ߞߚޕਥ⪺ߪޔThe Chemistry of Cooking and Cleaning(1880)߅ࠃ߮ޔFood Materials and Their Adulterations(1885) ߢ޽ࠅޔߘߩઁߦኅ᡽ቇ㑐ㅪߩᢎ⑼ᦠ⊛ߥ⪺૞߇޽ࠆޕ(Stage, Sarah and Vincenti, Virginia B., Rethinking Home Economics: Women and the History of A Profession, Cornell University Press, 1997.㧔ޡኅ᡽ቇౣ⠨22ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞวⴐ࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆᅚᕈߣኾ㐷⡯ߩᱧผ22ޢୖర✍ሶ⋙⸶ޔㄭઍᢥ ⧓␠ޔ2002. p. 42㧕 13 ߎߩળ⼏ߩ┙ᓎ⠪ߩ৻ੱޔࡔ࡞ࡧࠖ࡞࡮࠺ࡘ࡯ࠗ㧔Melvil Dewey㧕ߪޔ࿑ᦠ㙚ቇ⠪ߢ޽ࠅޔචㅴ ಽ㘃ᴺߩ⠨᩺⠪ߣߒߡ⪺ฬߛ߇ޔ࠾ࡘ࡯࡛࡯ࠢᎺߩᎺ┙࿑ᦠ㙚㐳߅ࠃ߮ኅᐸᢎ⢒ਥ੐߽ൕ߼ߚޕ 14ᢱℂ࡮ⵙ❔࡮⴩᦯࡮ᵞữ࡮૑ዬ࡮ኅᐸⴡ↢࡮⋴⼔ߥߤ߆ࠄߩㆬᛯ೙߇ขࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅޔ㒢ቯߐࠇߚࠦ ࡯ࠬߛߞߚ(੹੗శᤋ ✬⪺ޡࠕࡔ࡝ࠞኅ᡽ቇ೨ผޢశ↢㙚 1992. p. 14)ޕ 15 ੹੗శᤋ࡮♿ཅሶ౒⪺ޡࠕࡔ࡝ࠞኅ᡽ቇผ ࡝࠴ࡖ࡯࠭ߣ࡟ࠗࠢ࡮ࡊ࡜ࠪ࠶࠼ળ⼏ޢశ↢㙚 1990. pp.60-61ޔ߅ࠃ߮ޔޡኅ᡽ቇౣ⠨ޢ ᐨ┨ࠍෳᾖޕ

－124－ ޡᶖ⾌⠪ᢎ⢒ޢ(1924)16 ߇಴ ߐࠇߚᤨᦼએ㒠ޔߣࠅࠊߌ 30 ᐕઍߦ౉ߞߡ߆ࠄኅ᡽ቇ ߦ߅޿ߡ⋓ࠎߦߥߞߚ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢߢ޽ࠆޕࡂ࡜࠶ࡊߩ⪺૞ߪޔ⚻ᷣቇߩ⍮⼂ߩߺߥࠄߕޔ ᭽ޘߥ⛔⸘⾗ᢱࠍరߦޟߤ߁޿߁߽ߩࠍㆬ߱ߴ߈߆ޠߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍ␜ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ ᶖ⾌⠪ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆኅ᡽ቇߩ㑐ᔃߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ߹ߣ߼ࠆ੐߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ ޡ20 ਎♿ߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞኅ᡽ቇ⎇ⓥޢ㧔2007㧕ߪޔ1909 ᐕ߆ࠄ 2000 ᐕ߹ߢߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ ኅ᡽ቇળ⹹ߦឝタߐࠇߚ⺰ᢥࠍ 10 㗔ၞߦಽ㘃ߒޔฦ㗔ၞߩᐕઍ೎․ᓽߩಽᨆߥߤࠍޔ ᤨ♽೉ߦၮߠ޿ߡ㊂⊛࡮⾰⊛ߦಽᨆߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕᶖ⾌⚻ᷣቇߩಽ㊁ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆߣ ᕁࠊࠇࠆޟኅᐸ⚻ᷣቇޠ߅ࠃ߮ޟᶖ⾌⠪໧㗴࡮ᶖ⾌⠪ᢎ⢒ޠߩ 1920㨪30 ᐕઍߩ࠺࡯࠲ ߪએਅߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆޕ ޟኅᐸ⚻ᷣቇޠ 1920 ᐕઍ㧦6.3%ޔ1930 ᐕઍ㧦11.5% ﹇第二日目﹈ ޟᶖ⾌⠪໧㗴࡮ᶖ⾌⠪ᢎ⢒ޠ 1920 ᐕઍ㧦7.5%ޔ1930 ᐕઍ㧦11.2% 第一会場  ޿ߕࠇߩಽ㊁߽ޔ20 ᐕઍ߆ࠄ 30 ᐕઍߦ߆ߌߡჇടߒߡ޿ࠆޕ਄⸥ߩಽ㘃ᣇᴺ߇ᅷ ᒰߥ߽ߩ߆ߣ޿߁໧㗴ߪ޽ࠆ߇ޔᶖ⾌⠪㧔consumer㧕ࠍࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼ߣߒߚ⺰ᢥ߇ߎߩ ᤨઍჇടߒߚߣ޿߁࠺࡯࠲ߪᵈ⋡ߦ୯ߔࠆޕߎࠇߪޔ1920 ᐕઍߦ⊓႐ߒޔ1940 ᐕઍߦ ᄙߊ૶↪ߐࠇߚߒޔޟ⾼⾈㧔buying㧕ޠߪޔ1920㨪40 ᐕઍࠍਛᔃߦ಴⃻ߒߡ߅ࠅޔ ޟᶖ⾌⠪ᢎ⢒ߩౝኈ߇ޔߎߩᒰᤨߪ⾈޿‛਄ᚻߥᶖ⾌⠪ࠍ⢒ᚑߔࠆޠᣇะߦะ޿ߡ޿ ߚߎߣ߇߁߆߇߃ࠆޕ߹ߚޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞኅ᡽ቇળߩᐕᰴᄢળ࠹࡯ࡑࠍߺࠆߣޔ1934 ᐕ߇ ޟᣂߒ޿⚻ᷣ⒎ᐨߦ߅ߌࠆᶖ⾌⠪㧔The consumer in the New Economic World㧕ޠߣߥߞ ߡ߅ࠅޔޟᶖ⾌⠪ޠߣ޿߁⸒⪲߇ߪߓ߼ߡ⊓႐ߒߡ޿ࠆ 17ޕ  એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦޔઁቇ໧ߩ⍮⼂ࠍⓍᭂ⊛ߦขࠅ౉ࠇ૕♽ൻࠍ᷹ࠈ߁ߣߒߚኅ᡽ቇߦ߅ ޿ߡޔᶖ⾌߿↢ᵴ᳓Ḱߦ㑐ࠊࠆ⎇ⓥ߅ࠃ߮ᶖ⾌⠪ᢎ⢒ߩಽ㊁ߪޔ߽ߞߣ߽⚻ᷣቇߣ㑐 ࠊࠅ߇޽ࠆಽ㊁ߣ߽⸒߃ࠆޕߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄޔߘࠇߪޔᶖ⾌߿↢ᵴ᳓Ḱࠍ⎇ⓥߔࠆߣ޿ ߁ࠃࠅ߻ߒࠈޔߘߩ⍮⼂ࠍ↪޿ߚታ〣⊛ߥౝኈࠍᢎ⢒ߔࠆߎߣޔߔߥࠊߜޔᶖ⾌⠪ ޟᢎ⢒ޠߩ஥㕙߇ᒝ߆ߞߚߣ⸒߃ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ

㧟㧚߅ࠊࠅߦ ߹ߣ߼ࠆߣޔ⚻ᷣቇ߽ኅ᡽ቇ߽ޔ↢ᵴ᳓Ḱߣᶖ⾌ߩ⎇ⓥߪޔ↢ᵴࠍᡷༀߔࠆߚ߼ߩᜰ㊎ࠍ␜ ߔߎߣ߇⋡⊛ߢ޽ߞߚߣ⸒߃ࠆޕኅ᡽ቇߪޔ⚻ᷣቇߩ⍮⼂߆ࠄޟ⾫޿ᶖ⾌ޠ㧔ࠞ࡯ࠢ㧕߿ޟᔟ ㆡߥ᥵ࠄߒޠ㧔ࡍ࡚ࠗࠪ࠶࠻㧕ߩၮḰࠍ㊂ࠅޔᶖ⾌ߩታ〣⊛ᜂ޿ᚻࠍዉߊߴߊ⊒ዷߒߚ஥㕙߇ ޽ࠆޕ߹ߚޔ⚻ᷣቇߪޔᶖ⾌ࠍᣢሽߩ⚻ᷣቇߣߪ⇣ߥࠆⷞὐ߆ࠄߣࠅ޽ߍޔઁಽ㊁ߩ⍮⼂ࠍᔕ ↪ߒߡಽᨆߒޔ⺰ߓߚߎߣߦࠃߞߡޔᚑᨐࠍᱷߒߚߣ⸒߃ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿ߛࠈ߁߆ޕ

16 Harap, Henry, The education of the consumer : a study in curriculum material, New York : Macmillan, 1924. 17 ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞኅ᡽ቇ⎇ⓥળޡ20 ਎♿ߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞኅ᡽ቇ⎇ⓥޢኅ᡽ᢎ⢒␠ 2007.

－125－ ౒ ㅢ ⺰ 㗴

⚻ᷣቇผߩᒻᚑ ⚵❱⠪㧦ዊᨋ ⚐㧔┙ᢎᄢቇ㧕 

ᩙ↰໪ሶ㧔᧲੩ᅚሶᄢቇ㧕

 ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆࿤ߩᦨೋߩቇผߪޔGyula (Julius) Kautz, Die geschichtliche Entwicklung der

National-Oekonomik und ihrer Literatur, 1860 ߣ⷗ߥߐࠇࠃ߁ޕࠞ࠙࠷࡮ࠫࡘ࡜㧔1829-1909㧕ߪࡂ ࡦࠟ࡝࡯ߩࠫࡘ࡯࡞㧔Györ㧕↢߹ࠇޔ⧷⚻ᷣቇߦ㑐ᔃࠍ߽ߜޔࡍࠬ࠻ᄢቇߢ⽷᡽ᴺࠍቇ߮ޔ࠼

ࠗ࠷ߦ⇐ቇߒޔ࡜ࠗࡊ࠷ࠖࡅߢࡠ࠶ࠪࡖ࡯ߩ⻠⟵㧔1851㧕ߦᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߚޕ࡜࠙ߩᢎ⑼ᦠ㧔1841

ᐕ㧕ߢߩ⸥ㅀޔߐࠄߦࡠ࠶ࠪࡖ࡯ߦߪ⧷⚻ᷣቇผ(1851-1)ߪ޽ߞߚ߇ޔࡠ࠶ࠪࡖ࡯ߩ࠼ࠗ࠷⚻ᷣ ቇผ㧔1874㧕ߦࠞ࠙࠷ߩᦠߪవⴕߒߡ޿ࠆޕ⚻ᷣߩ੹ߩ⒎ᐨߪ໑৻น⢻ߥ߽ߩߥߩ߆ޔᦨༀߩ߽

ߩߥߩ߆ޔߣ޿߁ၮᧄ໧㗴ࠍ⸃ߊߦߚ߼ߪᓥ᧪ߩ⷗⸃߿ឭ᩺ࠍ⍮ࠄߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿㧧ᄙߊߩ␠

ળ⚻ᷣ⊛ኂᖡߩᡷༀ߳ߩ⠨ኤࠍޔ൮᜝⊛ߥᱧผߩ⍮⼂ߣ⚿߮ߟߌߡⴕߥ߁㧧᭽ޘߥᢎ⟵ߩ⊒ዷ߿ ℂ⺰ኅߩℂᔨߩᒻᚑߪߺߥవⴕ⠪ߩ⢋ߦਸ਼ߞߡ޿ࠆޔߣ޿߁┙႐߆ࠄߩ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕߘߩᓐߦߪ

ޟቇผߪ⚻ᷣቇߩ৻ㇱޠߢ޽ߞߚޕቇผߩ᭴ᗐߪޔࠬࡒࠬࠍ↹ᦼߣߔࠆ߽ߩߢޔᓐߩℂ⺰࡮᡽╷

ߩᛒ޿ߪࡠ࠶ࠪࡖ࡯ߩ᛬ⴲ⊛┙႐ߦૃߡ޿ࠆޕ߹ߚࠢ࠾࡯ࠬߦ⸒෸ߒߡℂ⺰࡮૕♽ߩᱧผ⊛⋧ኻ ᕈࠍ⺑ߊޕߘߒߡ࿖ኅ࡮␠ળℂ⺰ߢߪޔᢎ⸠⊛㧩ℂᔨ⊛ᣇᴺߣᱧผ⊛㧩⃻ታ⊛ᣇᴺ߇৻ߟߦߥߞ

ߡࠁߊޔߣ޿ߞߚ⴫⃻ߦᱧผቇᵷߩవⴕ⠪ߩ㕙߇┍߃ࠆޕᛒߞߚኻ⽎ߪ߆ߥࠅߩ▸࿐ࠍ✂⟜ߒޔ

ቇผߢߪޔ⧷࿖ߩࡑࠞࡠ࠶ࠢ(1825)߿ࠗ࠲࡝ࠕߩ Bianchini (1837)ࠍข਄ߍޔࡈ࡜ࡦࠬߢߪ A. Blanqui (1845)ߣ Villeneuve-Bargemont (1839)ࠍᲧセߒߡ޿ࠆޕࠧ࠶࠮ࡦ㧔1854㧕߿ޡ⁛੽ᐕ⹹ޢ

(1844)ߩࠛࡦࠥ࡞ࠬޔࡑ࡞ࠢࠬޡ⚻ᷣቇᛕ್ޢ㧔1859㧕ߦ߽⸒෸ߒߚޕᓐߩℂ⺰࡮ືቇ࡮ᱧผ╬

ߩ㑐ㅪߩ⠨ኤߪߩߜߦࠢ࠾࡯߽ࠬ⹏ଔߒߚޕᓐߪ࡝ࡌ࡜࡞ᵷߢޔࡂࡦࠟ࡝࡯ߩࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡝ࠕߣߩ หᮭൻ㧔Ausgleich㧕ታ⃻ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚ൓ജߩࡉ࡟࡯ࡦߢ߽޽ߞߚޕ

 ࠼ࠗ࠷⺆࿤ߢߪޔߎߩࠃ߁ߦ⚻ᷣቇผߩ┵✜ߪ⚻ᷣቇవㅴ⻉࿖߆ࠄߩዉ౉ߩ޽ࠅᣇޔߘߒߡ⁛

┙ߒߚޟ⚻ᷣቇޠߩᚑ┙੐ᖱߣ㑐ࠊߞߡ޿ߚޕฦ࿖ߩቇผᒻᚑ߽߹ߚߘߩ࿖ᖱߣᷓߊ㑐ࠊߞߡ޿ ࠆߎߣ߇੍ᗐߐࠇࠆޕᭂ߼ߡᒝ޿᡽╷ᜰะࠍᜂߞߚ⚻ᷣቇ⠪߇ߘߩታ⃻ߩߚ߼ߦ⃻⁁ᡷ㕟ࠍ⸷߃ޔ

ߘߩᱜᒰᕈࠍਥᒛߔࠆߚ߼ߦㅢ⺑ߢ޽ࠆ⚻ᷣℂ⺰ߩࠛ࠶࠮ࡦࠬߣ⃻⁁ߩㅺ⣕ࠍ⺑ߊ߆ޔㅢ⺑ࠍ⺋

ࠅߣ⺑ߊ߆ߔࠆߎߣߪኈᤃߦᗐ௝ߢ߈ࠆޕߜߥߺߦࠞ࠙࠷ߪ਄ឝᦠࠍޔ1858 ᐕߦ಴ߒߚ Die National-Oekonomik als Wissenschaft ߣ৻૕ߩ⪺૞ Theorie und Geschichte der National-Oekonomik

ߩ╙㧞ㇱޔߣߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

 ߢߪઁߩ࿖ߢߪߤ߁ߢ޽ߞߚ߆ޕࡠ࠶ࠪࡖ࡯ߩࠃ߁ߦᄢቇߩᢎ᧚ࠍ⪺ߔᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߩߪޔ⚻ᷣ

ቇߩ೙ᐲൻ߇ㅴࠎߛ⸽ߒߢ޽ࠆޕߣߪ޿߃࠼ࠗ࠷⺆ߛߣ⚻ᷣቇߪ Volkswirtschaftslehre,

－126－ Nationalökonomik, politische Ökonomie ߥߤ⴫⸥߽ᄙ᭽ߢޔ19 ਎♿ਛߪਥߦᴺቇㇱ߿ືቇㇱߢᢎ

߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚޕߘߒߡ࿕᦭ߩቇߣߒߡ⹺⍮ߐࠇࠆߚ߼ߩദജ߇ޔ੹ߢ߽࠼ࠗ࠷⚻ᷣቇผߩ㑐ᔃኻ ⽎ߢ޽ࠆޕߎࠇߪ⧷࿖ߣߪ⇣ߥࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ߹ߚޟᣇᴺ⺰੎ޠߢ૗߇੎ࠊࠇߚ߆ࠍ┍ࠊߖࠆ߽ߩ

ߦࠩ࡯࡝ࡦޡ࿖᳃⚻ᷣቇผޢ㧔1923, 1929㧕߇޽ࠆޕᓐߪ⋥ⷰ⊛ℂ⺰ߣวℂ⊛ℂ⺰ߩ⛱วࠍⷐ᳞ߒ

ߡ޿ࠆޕߎߎߢߩޟℂ⺰ޠߪ⃻࿷ߩ⺆ᴺߣ޿ߐߐ߆⇣ߥࠅޔ࠱ࡦࡃ࡞࠻߇ޡㄭઍ⾗ᧄਥ⟵ޢࠍ⪺ ߔߩߦⷐߒߚ⻉ⷐ⚛ߩ㑐ㅪߠߌߣో૕௝ߩ᭴ᗐߩജ⢻ࠍᜰߔࠃ߁ߛޕࠩ࡯࡝ࡦ߇⠨߃ࠆ⚻ᷣቇߩ ﹇第二日目﹈ ኻ⽎ߣޔߘߩኻ⽎ℂ⸃ߦㆡߒߚᣇᴺߣߪޔᓐߩ޿߁㒢⇇ല↪ቇᵷߩߘࠇߣߪ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ࠆޕ⧷࿖ 第一会場 ߩࠫࠚࡧࠜࡦ࠭߇ᣂℂ⺰ߩ⹺⍮ࠍ᳞߼ߡޔฬჿࠍᓧࠆߚ߼ߦ㧨ᅛ㓮ߩ⸒⪲㧪ࠍ߽ߞߡޡ⍹὇໧㗴ޢ ࠍᦠ߆ߨ߫ߥࠄߥ߆ߞߚߣ߈ޔଔᩰߣ޿߁⺑᣿ኻ⽎ߪฎౖᵷߣหߓߛߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚߩߢߪߥ޿߆ޕ

 ޟ⚻ᷣቇผޠߩᒻᚑࠍฦ࿖Ყセߢᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅޔฦ࿖ߩᒰᤨߩ᡽╷⺖㗴ޔߘߒߡߘߩᤨ

ઍߩ⚻ᷣቇߩኻ⽎࡮ᣇᴺߩ⼏⺰߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߐࠇࠆߛࠈ߁ޕ⋧ኻ⊛ᓟㅴ࿖ߢߪޔ⚻ᷣቇߥࠆ߽ߩࠍ ᭴ᚑߔࠆᄙ᭽ߥⷐ⚛ࠍޔ߹ߕߪㆬᛯ⊛ߦฃኈߔࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ޕ޿ࠊ߫⍮⼂␠ળቇ⊛ߥ⠨ኤߦࠃ

ߞߡޔ࿖೎ߦขࠅ਄ߍࠆࡔ࡝࠶࠻߇↢߆ߐࠇࠆޕ߹ߚᲧセߦࠃࠅℂ⺰⊛࡮ᕁᗐ⊛♽⼆㑐ଥ߇┙૕

⊛ߦ⷗߃ߡߎࠃ߁ޕߎࠇߪ⚻ᷣቇผߣ޿߁ࠃࠅ߽ޔ․ቯߩ⚻ᷣℂ⺰ߩᒻᚑᦼߦὶὐࠍᒰߡࠆᣇ߇ Ꮑߊ⷗߃ߡߊࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿ޕߘࠇࠁ߃ฦޘߩ࿖ฬ߇ઃߐࠇߚ⚻ᷣቇ߇ᒻࠍᢛ߃ޔ⻉ℂ⺰ߩᆫ߇

⷗߃ߡߊࠆ 20 ਎♿ೋ㗡ߎࠈ߹ߢኻ⽎ࠍᐢߍߡ⠨߃ࠆߎߣߣߒߚޕ

 ߎߩડ↹ߦ޽ߚߞߡߪޔ߹ߕ⚻ᷣቇผߩല↪ࠍ⠨߃ߡߺߚޕ߹ߕޟቇผߩᦠ߈ᚻޠߪߥߦࠍ⁓ ߞߚߩ߆ޕᏱ⼂⊛ߦߪޔቇผߪޔߘࠇߙࠇߩᱧผ⊛ᤨὐߦ߅ߌࠆ⚻ᷣቇߩ೔㆐Ბ㓏ߩ⹺⼂߿໧㗴

⁁ᴫࠍ␜ߔ߆ࠄޔߎࠇߪ⚻ᷣቇߩ೙ᐲൻࠍ฽߼ߡޟᢎ⢒࡮໪⫥ޠࠍ⋡ᜰߔ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ߹ߚᣂߚ

ߥℂ⺰ߩឭ಴ߦ޽ߚࠅޔℂ⺰ኅ߇⥄Ꮖߩℂ⺰ߩޟ↹ᦼᕈߩ㗼␜ޠࠍ⋡⺰߻ߎߣ߽޽ࠆߛࠈ߁ޕᰴ ߦޔ⃻࿷ߩ⎇ⓥ⠪߇ᱧผ⊛ޟቇผޠࠍ⺒߻ߣ߈ޔ޿߹ߢߪᝥߡࠄࠇߚ߽ߩࠍ⍮ࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠈ߁ޕ

ߎࠇߪޟࠝ࡞࠲࠽࠹ࠖࡧߩᮨ⚝ޠߣߒߡߊߊߞߡ߅߈ߚ޿ޕߐࠄߦߪ⚻ᷣቇߣߪ૗߆ߩ໧޿ࠍᜬ

ߟߎߣࠍ೨ឭߦޔޟᣇᴺ⺰߳ߩ෻⋭ޠߣ޿߁ല↪ࠍ᜼ߍߚ޿ޕ⚻ᷣ⃻⽎ࠍኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ⚻㛎⑼ቇߣ ߒߡߩ⚻ᷣቇߦኻߒߡߪࡔ࠲⚻㛎⑼ቇߩ૏⟎ߣߥࠆ⚻ᷣቇผߥࠇ߫ߎߘߩല↪ߢ޽ࠆޕએ਄ߩല

↪ߩ೉᜼ߪޔߪߚߒߡ৻਎ઍߩߜߦᣣᧄߩᄢቇߢޟ⚻ᷣቇผޠߩ⻠⟵߇ߤࠇߛߌᱷߞߡ޿ࠆ߆ޔ

ߣ޿߁ ᔨࠍⵣ㄰ߒߚ⴫⃻ߢ߽޽ࠆޕ  ႎ๔ߪએਅޔ⧷࡮☨࡮੽࡮ᣣߩ㧠ࡨ࿖ߦߟ޿ߡⴕߥࠊࠇࠆޕᚒޘߦߣߞߡߩല↪ࠍ⠨߃ߥ߇ࠄޔ

૬ߖߡ⚻ᷣቇ⠪߇ޟ⚻ᷣቇผޠࠍឬߎ߁ߣߔࠆᗧ⼂ࠍᛴߊ⍍㑆ߦᗐ޿ࠍ㚓ߖߚ޿ޕቇળ⸳┙ 60

ᐕߩ౒ㅢ⺰㗴߇ቇผ⎇ⓥ⠪ߣߒߡߩࠕࠗ࠺ࡦ࠹ࠖ࠹ࠖࠍ⏕⹺࡮෻⋭ߔࠆᯏળߣߥࠇ߫ޔߣ㗿߁ޕ 㧔ᢥ⽿㧦ዊᨋ㧕

－127－ ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߦ߅ߌࠆ⚻ᷣቇผ⎇ⓥߩᒻᚑޔ㨟㧙㨟  ⷏ᴛ଻   ߪߓ߼ߦ  ߅ࠃߘޡ࿖ን⺰ޢೀⴕ  ᐕߩ  ᐕ߆ࠄޔೀⴕ  ᐕߩ  ᐕߦ޿ߚࠆ  ᐕ㑆ޠ ࠍᬌ⸛ߩኻ⽎ߦߒߚ޿ޕ ᐕߪޡ⥄↱᡼છߩ⚳Ὣޢ߇಴ߚᐕߢ߽޽ࠆޕ0$ࡂ࡯࠻ ߪޔቇ⑼ߣߒߡߩ⚻ᷣผ߇㓉⋓ࠍ⹶ߞߚ  ᐕઍߦೋ߼ߦޟ⚻ᷣผቇߩᒻᚑޠ㧔 ᐕ㧕ࠍᦠ߈ޔߘࠇߪࡧࠖࠢ࠻࡝ࠕᦼᧃߦޟ㔌㒽ޠߒޔࠛ࠼ࡢ࡯࠼ᦼೋ߼ߦޟᚑᾫ߳ߩ೨ ㅴޠࠍ⚻ㆊߒߚߣㅀߴߚޕ ᐕߦࠕࠪࡘ࡝࡯ࠍળ㐳ߦഃ⸳ߐࠇߚࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ⚻ᷣผቇ ળߪޔ⠉ᐕ߆ࠄ 'EQPQOKE*KUVQT[4GXKGY ࠍഃೀߒ੹ᣣߦ޿ߚߞߡ޿ࠆޕ⚻ᷣผቇߩᒻ ᚑߣᲧߴޔࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߦ߅ߌࠆ⚻ᷣቇผ⎇ⓥߩᒻᚑߪߤ߁ߛߞߚߩߛࠈ߁߆㧫   㧝㧚⚻ᷣቇߩෂᯏߣᱧผ߳ߩ࿁Ꮻ  ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬฎౖᵷ⚻ᷣቇߪޔޟߘߩᲣ࿖ߢޔߘߩ⚻ᷣผ߇ᵴ᳇ࠍ߽ߜൎߜ⹶ߞߡ޿ߚᤨ ᦼߦޔઁߩ޿߆ߥࠆ⚻ᷣᕁᗐ߽Ყ⢋ߢ߈ߥ޿ࠃ߁ߥᓇ㗀ജޔᡰ㈩ജޔ߅ࠃ߮ᮭᆭࠍ߽ߞ ߚޠ ࡂ࠴ࠬࡦޔ ޕޡ࿖ን⺰ޢ ᐕߪޔ⚻ᷣቇࠢ࡜ࡉߦࠃߞߡ⋓ᄢߦ␸⑔ߐࠇߚޕ ߒ߆ߒޔหߓ  ᐕߦࠫࠚࡧࠜࡦ࠭ߪޟ⚻ᷣቇߩ዁᧪ޠߢޔ⚻ᷣቇ߇ޟᷙᴋ⁁ᘒޠߦ ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒޔࡃ࡚ࠫ࠶࠻߽  ᱦࠍㄫ߃ߚࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߩ⚻ᷣቇ߇ޟੱޘߩ㗡ߩਛߢᱫ ߦ߆ߌߡ޿ࠆޠߣᦠ޿ߚޕ ᐕߦߪࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ⑼ቇᝄ⥝දળ߆ࠄޟ⚻ᷣቇ࡮⛔⸘ቇㇱ 㐷ޠࠍ㒰ߊឭ᩺߇ߐࠇޔ⠉ᐕࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡓ߽㧲ㇱ㐷ߩળ㐳ዞછ⻠Ṷߢ⚻ᷣቇߩޟෂᯏޠࠍ ⴫᣿ߒߚޕ  ᐕઍߩࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߪ޿ࠈ޿ࠈߥᗧ๧ߢォᯏߢ޽ߞߚޕ ᐕઍᧃ߆ࠄ  ᐕઍೋ 㗡ޔޟࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߩ⚻ᷣቇߩᱧผߦ߅ߌࠆ㊀ⷐߥォᯏޠ ࡂ࠴ࠬࡦ ߢ޽ࠅޔࡃࠫࠚ࠶࠻ޔ ࠢ࡝ࡈ࡮࡟࠭࡝࡯ޔࠫࠚࡧࠜࡦ࠭ޔߘߒߡ⧯߈ࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߩࠃ߁ߥޟᣂߒ޿⚻ᷣቇ⠪⟲ޠ ߩ⊓႐߇޽ߞߚޕޡ࿖ን⺰ޢ ᐕߩ⸛⺰ળߦߪ࡜ࡉ࡟࡯߽߅ࠅޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼ᵷߩ⸃૕ߦ ࠃߞߡ↢ߓߚ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߩಽⵚߣᣂߒ޿⚻ᷣቇ⎇ⓥߩầᵹࠍ␜ߒޔޟ⻠ს␠ળਥ⟵⠪ޠޟᱧ ผቇᵷޠ޽ࠆ޿ߪޟታ⸽ቇᵷޠ 4GCNKUV5EJQQN ߩ⥝㓉ࠍ᣿␜ߒߚޕࠫࠚࡧࠜࡦ߽࠭ޔ ࠕ࠳ࡓ࡮ࠬࡒࠬએ㒠ޔ⚻ᷣቇࠍᱧผ⊛ߦ⺰ߓࠃ߁ߣߔࠆఝࠇߚࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߩ⚻ᷣቇ⠪߇ሽ ࿷ߒߚߎߣࠍ␜ߒߚޕ  

－128－ 㧞㧚ࠫࠚࡧࠜࡦ࠭ߣࡈࠜࠢࠬ࠙ࠚ࡞   ࠫࠚࡧࠜࡦ࠭ߪޔℂ⺰⊛⢻ജߣ೎ߦޔᄙ㕙⊛ߥᚽ⢻ࠍ߽ߜޔᄥ㓁㤥ὐ⺑ߢ߽⍮ࠄࠇࠆ ᥊᳇ᄌേޔ‛ଔߦ㑐ߔࠆᏫ⚊⊛⎇ⓥߦട߃ߡޔޟ⇣Ᏹߦᒝ޿ᱧผ⊛ᕈ≻ޔᅢ੐ኅ⊛ᕈ≻ޠ ߐ߃޽ߞߚޕᓐߪޔ᥊᳇ᓴⅣߩᱧผࠍ  ਎♿ೋ㗡ߦ߹ߢㄡࠅޔ૗਎♿ߦ߽ࠊߚߞߡ෼ ⓠ⛔⸘ࠍ⺞ᩏߒޔޟ⚻ᷣผߩಽ㊁ޔ‛ଔผ෸߮᥊᳇ᄌേผߩ㐿ᜏ⠪ޠߦߥߞߚޕ⚻ᷣቇ ߩᱧผߦߪ৻ጀᷓ޿㑐ᔃࠍ߽ߜޔ⥄ಽ߇ᚻࠍᨴ߼ߚ⚻ᷣቇߩ㗔ၞߢ߹ߛ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ޔ ﹇第二日目﹈ ޽ࠆ޿ߪᔓࠇࠄࠇߚవⴕ⠪ࠍតߒߛߒߚޕߘߩ㗼⪺ߥ଀߇ࠞࡦ࠹ࠖࡠࡦߢ޽ߞߚޕ 第一会場  ࠫࠚࡧࠜࡦ࠭ߪ⚻ᷣቇߩᢥ₂⋡㍳ߦ߅޿ߡ߽వ㚟⊛ᬺ❣ࠍᱷߒޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬޔࠦ࠶ࠨޔ ࡈࠖ࠶࠮࡝ࡦࠣߩදജࠍᓧߡޔᢙℂ⚻ᷣቇߦ㑐ߔࠆᦠ⹹⋡㍳ࠍ૞ᚑߒޔࡈࠜࠢࠬ࠙ࠚ࡞ ߩදജߢ⽻ᐊ࡮㊄Ⲣ໧㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆᦠ⹹⋡㍳ࠍ૞ᚑߒߚޕࠫࠚࡧࠜࡦ࠭ߪ↢߹ࠇߥ߇ࠄߩ ෼㓸ኅߢޔޟ⚻ᷣቇ⁸ᦠኅߩ⪺ฬߥ৻ౄߩᦨೋߩੱޠߢ޽ߞߚޕᓐߪޔήฬߩ⚻ᷣᦠ߿ ࡄࡦࡈ࡟࠶࠻ߩ෼㓸ࠍᕁ޿ߟ߈ޔޟᦨೋߦߎߩ∛ࠍ߁ߟߐࠇߚޠߩ߇ࡈࠜࠢࠬ࠙ࠚ࡞ߢ ޽ߞߚޕࠢ࡟ࠬᢥᐶޔࠧ࡯࡞࠼ࠬࡒࠬᢥᐶߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇࠆࠦ࡟࡚ࠢࠪࡦߩᦨೋߩේേജ ߪޔ㨁㧯㧸ߦ߅ߌࠆࡈࠔࠢࠬ࠙ࠚ࡞ߩ೨છ⠪ࠫࠚࡧࠜࡦ࠭ߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚޕ  ࠫࠚࡧࠜࡦ࠭ߩ⚻ᷣቇผ㧦ޡ⚻ᷣቇߩℂ⺰ޢ╙㧞 㧔 ᐕ㧕߳ߩ㐳޿ᐨᢥߪޔࠫ ࠚࡧࠜࡦ࠭ߩ⚻ᷣቇผߣ߽⸒߃ࠆޕߘߎߢᓐߪޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼એᓟߩࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߦ߅ߌࠆ⚻ᷣ ቇߩℂ⺰⊛ዷ㐿ߦ߅ߌࠆ⁜㓖ߥፉ࿖ᕈߦኻߔࠆᒝ޿ਇḩࠍ⴫᣿ߒߚޕޟࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߢ࡝ࠞ ࡯࠼ᵷߩ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߦ⾮ਈߐࠇߡ߈ߚឃઁ⊛㊀ⷐᕈߪޔᄙ߆ࠇዋߥ߆ࠇ෩ኒߦᢙቇ⊛ߥ઀ ᣇߢᣁቇࠍขࠅᛒߞߚ৻ㅪߩࡈ࡜ࡦࠬߥࠄ߮ߦዋᢙߩࠗࠡ࡝ࠬޔ࠼ࠗ࠷ޔࠗ࠲࡝ࠕߩ⚻ ᷣቇ⠪ߩሽ࿷ࠍ⍮ࠆߩࠍᅹߍߡ߈ߚޕޠࡑ࡞ࠨࠬ߿ࠪ࡯࠾ࠕߩࠃ߁ߥ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߪޔޟ࡝ ࠞ࡯࠼㧩ࡒ࡞ᵷߩ⛔วߐࠇߚᓇ㗀ജޠߦࠃߞߡ⥰บߩᄖߦㅊ޿߿ࠄࠇߚޕ⌀ℂߪࡈ࡜ࡦ ࠬᵷߩ஥ߦ޽ࠆߣߒߡޔࠫࠚࡧࠜࡦ࠭ߪ࠺ࡘࡇࡘࠗޔࠢ࡯࡞ࡁ࡯ޔߘߒߡࠧ࠶࠮ࡦޔ࠴ ࡘ࡯ࡀࡦࠄߩℂ⺰ผࠍᦠ޿ߚޕ  ࠫࠚࡧࠜࡦ࠭ߪޔޟㅢ⽻ߩᢙቇ⊛ℂ⺰ޠߩ᭴▽ࠍ⹜ߺߚ 'UUC[QPVJG6JGQT[QH/QPG[  ߦߟ޿ߡޔߘࠇࠍ஧ὼᧄደߢ⷗ߟߌߚ߇ޔࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߢߪ߹ߞߚߊᔓࠇࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ ߎߩᦠ߇ᄖ࿖ߢ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦ᳇ߠߊߩߪᕯߕߴ߈ߛߣᦠ޿ߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩᦠߪޔࡠ ࠶ࠪࡖ࡯߿ࠪࡘ࠲ࠗࡦߩ߽ߣߢቇࠎߛࠗ࠲࡝ࠕߩᱧผᵷ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ࠦ࠶ࠨߦࠃߞߡ⚫੺ ߐࠇߡ޿ߚޕࠦ࠶ࠨߩ )WKFCCNNQ5VWFKQFK'EQPQOKC2QNKVKCߪޔ᣿ᴦᦼߩᣣᧄߢ ߽⧷⸶߆ࠄ⠡⸶ߐࠇߡᐢߊ⺒߹ࠇߚ߇ޔࠫࠚࡧࠜࡦ࠭ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔޟ◲ẖߢᕁᘦᷓߊᦠ߆ ࠇߚᢎ⑼ᦠޠߢޔޟࠊ߇࿖ߩ⚻ᷣቇߩፉ࿖⊛⁜㓖ߐߦߟ޿ߡᚒޘࠍ㐿⌒ߐߖࠆߩߦචಽޠ ߢ޽ߞߚޕࠫࠚࡧࠜࡦ࠭ߪࠦ࠶ࠨߩ⧷⸶ࠍ൘߼ߚࠃ߁ߢޔ)WKFQ ╙  㧔 ᐕ㧕ߩ⧷ ⸶㧔 ᐕ㧕ߦᐨᢥࠍነߖߡ޿ࠆޕߘࠇߦࠃࠇ߫ޔߎࠇ৻ౠߢޔ⚻ᷣቇߩቯ⟵ޔಽ㊁ޔ ઁߩ⻉⑼ቇߣߩ㑐ଥߥߤࠍ᭎ⷰߔࠆߛߌߢߥߊޔޟࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߩ⺒⠪ߦߪ߹ߞߚߊᣂߒ޿ ⚻ᷣቇߩᱧผ⊛⚛ឬޠࠍឭଏߒߡ޿ߚޕ

－129－   㧟㧚ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬᱧผቇᵷߣ␠ળᡷ⦟ߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ  ࠢ࡝ࡈ࡮࡟࠭࡝࡯ߣࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡓ㧦ࠢ࡝ࡈ࡮࡟࠭࡝࡯ߪޔࡔࠗࡦߩᲧセᴺ೙ผߦᒝ޿ᓇ 㗀ࠍฃߌޔ࡝࠴ࡖ࡯࠼࡮࡚ࠫࡦ࡯࠭ߩવ⛔ࠍᓳᵴߐߖߚޕޟࠕ࠳ࡓ࡮ࠬࡒࠬߩ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣ ቇޠޟ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇߩືቇ⊛ᣇᴺޠ╬ߢޔ⚻ᷣቇߪᱧผ⊛ߢ޽ࠆߴ߈ߢޔ␠ળߩᱧผ⊛ㅴ ൻߩㆊ⒟ߦ߅ߌࠆ⚻ᷣ⊛஥㕙ߣઁߩ⻉஥㕙㧔㆏ᓼ⊛ޔ⍮⊛ޔᴺ⊛ޔ᡽ᴦ⊛㧕ߣߩ⚿߮ߟ ߈߇ㅊⓥߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߎߣࠍਥᒛߒޔޟ⚻ᷣੱޠࠍุቯߒߚޕࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡓߪޔࠦࡦ࠻ߩታ ⸽ਥ⟵ືቇߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌޔ⚻ᷣ⃻⽎ࠍઁߩ⻉஥㕙ߣߩ㑐ㅪߢᝒ߃ࠆᔅⷐࠍ⺑߈ޔ⚻ᷣቇ ࠃࠅᐢ޿৻⥸␠ળ⑼ቇޔ޽ࠆ޿ߪ␠ળቇߩߥ߆ߢ᦭ലߦℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆߣ⠨߃ߚޕޡࠛࡦࠨ ࠗࠢࡠࡍ࠺ࠖࠕ࡮ࡉ࡝࠲࠾ࠞޢߩޟ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇޠࠍᡷ⸓Ⴧ⵬ߒߚޡ⚻ᷣቇผޢ㧔 ᐕ㧕ߪޔࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߢ߅ߘࠄߊᦨೋߩ߹ߣ߹ߞߚ⚻ᷣቇผᦠߢ޽ࠅޔᣣᧄ⺆ࠍ฽߻  ࠞ࿖ ⺆ߦ⠡⸶ߐࠇߚޕߘࠇߪޔᐨ┨ޔฎઍޔਛ਎ޔㄭઍߩ╙㧝࡮╙  ᦼޔㄭઍ╙  ᦼ࡮⥄ὼ ⊛⥄↱ߩ૕♽෸߮ᱧผቇᵷߣ޿߁㧡ߟߩ┨߆ࠄߥࠅޔ⥄ὼ⊛⥄↱ߩ૕♽ߩ⋧ኻൻ߇ߨࠄ ޿ߢ޽ߞߚࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ  ࠝࠢࠬࡈࠜ࡯࠼࡮ࠛࠦࡁࡒࠬ࠻㧦ᱧผᵷ⚻ᷣቇ⠪߇߹ߕᚻ߇ߌߚߎߣߪޔ⚻ᷣ↢ᵴߩ ᄙ᭽ߐࠍ␜ߔᱧผ⊛⾗ᢱ߿⸥㍳ޔ⚻ᷣᢥ₂ࠍ㓸߼ޔߘࠇࠄߩ↢ᚑ⊒ዷߩ㗅ᐨࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦ ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ߞߚޕ⥄ὼ⊛⥄↱ߩ૕♽ߪߘߩ߹߹ߢߪ߁߹ߊᯏ⢻ߒߥߊߥߞߡ߅ࠅޔᱧ ผߩ↹ᦼߦኻߒߡߎࠇ߹ߢߣߪ㆑ߞߚ⹏ଔ߇ਈ߃ࠄࠇߚޕ౒ห૕ߩⷙᓞޔ⚻ᷣᵴേߩ㆏ ᓼ⊛ⷙ೙߇㊀ࠎߓࠄࠇߚਛ਎߇ౣ⹏ଔߐࠇޔ㊀໡ਥ⟵ߩᤨઍ߽ᅢᗧ⊛ߦឬ߆ࠇߡޔ࡟࠶ ࠮࡮ࡈࠚ࡯࡞߇ൎ೑ࠍ෼߼ߚᤨઍߦኻߔࠆ⹏ଔࠍㅒォߐߖߚޕ࠻ࠗࡦࡆ࡯ߪޔ↥ᬺ㕟๮ ߩᏫ⚿ࠍ㕖㔍ߒޔߘࠇߣޟᣥᵷߩ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣቇޠࠍ⚿߮ߟߌߚ߇ޔࠕࠪࡘ࡝࡯ࠍߪߓ߼ޔ ᄙߊߩࠝࠢࠬࡈࠜ࡯࠼࡮ࠛࠦࡁࡒࠬ࠻ߣޟ㧸㧿㧱೙ᐲਥ⟵⠪ޠߪߘࠇߦߥࠄߞߚޕᱧผ ᵷ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߪޔ⚻ᷣผߣᔕ↪⚻ᷣቇߩࠃ߁ߥᏫ⚊⊛⎇ⓥ߇ޔᱜ⛔ᵷ࡮ᣂฎౖᵷߩ⚻ᷣℂ ⺰ࠃࠅ߽␠ળᡷ⦟ߣ᡽╷ᒻᚑߦࠃࠅㆡಾߥᜰ㊎ࠍਈ߃ࠆߣ⠨߃ߚޕ  ࠝࠢࠬࡈࠜ࡯࠼ℂᗐਥ⟵ޔ࠻ࠗࡦࡆ࡯ߩ⚻ᷣผ࡮⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥߩℂᔨߪޔࠕࠪࡘ࡝ ࡯ޔ࠙ࠚ࠶ࡉᄦᆄޔࡂࡕࡦ࠼ᄦᆄޔ4*࠻࡯࠾࡯ޔ)&*ࠦ࡯࡞ߩࠃ߁ߥ⚻ᷣผ⎇ⓥߩ ޟᡷ㕟ᵷޠ TGHQTOKUV ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊޔ␠ળ᳃ਥਥ⟵ߩ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ࠍ↢ߺ಴ߒޔࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ᵷ ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ࠢ࡜࠶ࡄࡓߩࠃ߁ߥޟਛ┙ᵷޠ PGWVTCNKUV ߣߪ೎ߩ⚻ᷣผ⎇ⓥߩવ⛔ࠍߟߊ ࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚޕ  ࠻ࠗࡦࡆ࡯ޡ ਎♿ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ↥ᬺ㕟๮ผ⻠⟵ޢ㧔 ᐕ㧕  ..ࡊ࡜ࠗࠬޡࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ⚻ᷣቇዊผ㧙ࠕ࠳ࡓ࡮ࠬࡒࠬ߆ࠄࠕ࡯ࡁ࡞࠼࡮࠻ࠗࡦࡆ࡯ ߹ߢޢ㧔 ᐕ㧕

－130－  ࠕࠪࡘ࡝࡯ޡࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ⚻ᷣผ෸߮ቇ⺑ᐨ⺰ޢ#P+PVTQFWEVKQPVQ'PINKUJ'EQPQOKE *KUVQT[CPF6JGQT[2CTV+6JG/KFFNG#IGU2CTV++6JG'PFQHVJG/KFFNG #IGU   5WTXG[U*KUVQTKECPF'EQPQOKE GF,5/KNN2TKPEKRNGUQH2QNKVKECN'EQPQO[ 9#5ࡅࡘࠗࡦ࠭ߩ㊀໡ਥ⟵⎇ⓥ  ﹇第二日目﹈  第一会場 㧠㧚ࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߣࡈࠜࠢࠬ࠙ࠚ࡞  ࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߩ⚻ᷣቇผ㧦ࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߪޡ⚻ᷣቇේℂޢߩઃ⺰㧭ޟ⥄↱ߥ↥ᬺߣડᬺߩ ᚑ㐳ޠߢ⚻ᷣ⊛⥄↱ߩ⊒㆐ࠍ⺰ߓޔઃ⺰㧮ޟ⚻ᷣቇߩ⊒㆐ޠࠍㅀߴߡ޿ࠆޕઃ⺰㧭㧘㧮 ߪޔޡේℂޢ╙  ߹ߢߪޔ╙㧝✬╙㧝┨ᐨ⺰ߦ⛯ߊ╙㧞㧘㧟┨ߢ޽ߞߚޕᱜ⛔⊛࡮ᣂ ฎౖᵷ⊛ߥ⪺૞ߩߥ߆ߢޔࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞߶ߤᱧผ⊛⚛᧚ࠍᛒߞߚ⪺૞ߪޔࠬࡒࠬࠍ଀ᄖߣ ߒߡޔᓟߦ߽వߦ߽ߥ߆ߞߚޕઃ⺰㧮ߪࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߩ⚻ᷣቇผߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁߇ޔࠢ࡝ࡈ࡮ ࡟࠭࡝࡯ޔࡃ࡚ࠫ࠶࠻ޔ࠻ࠗࡦࡆ࡯ޔࠫࠚࡧࠜࡦ࠭ߩࠃ߁ߥᣂߒ޿ầᵹࠍ⚫੺ߒޔ⚻ᷣ ቇ⠪ߩޟࡈ࡜ࡦࠬᵷޠޟࠕࡔ࡝ࠞᵷޠߦߟ޿ߡ⺰ߓߚᓟޔ࠼ࠗ࠷ߩ⚻ᷣቇߦߟ޿ߡᰴߩ ࠃ߁ߦㅀߴߡ޿ࠆޕޟㄭᐕ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄᄢ㒽ߢߥߐࠇߚ⚻ᷣቇ਄ߩᬺ❣ߩ߁ߜޔᦨ߽㊀ⷐ ߥ߽ߩߪ࠼ࠗ࠷ߩߘࠇߢ޽ࠆޕ̖࠼ࠗ࠷ੱߪ⚻ᷣผߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޟᲧセผޠ⎇ⓥߩవ㖊ࠍ ߟߌߚޕ̖ߎߩቇᵷߩᜰዉ⠪ߣߘߩ࿖ᄖߩදห⠪ߚߜ߇ޔ⚻ᷣ⊛ߥᘠ⠌ߣ೙ᐲߩᱧผࠍ 〔ઃߌ⺑᣿ߔࠆߚ߼ߦડߡߚ઀੐ߩଔ୯ߪޔ޿߆ߦ㜞ߊ⹏ଔߒߡ߽⹶ᒛߣ޿߁ߦᒰߚࠄ ߥ޿ޕޠ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼ߣᓐߩㅊ㓐⠪ߪޔޟ⃻ઍߩ⚻ᷣቇ⠪߇ᛴ޿ߡ޿ࠆഭ௛⠪㓏⚖ߩ↢ᵴ⁁ ᘒߩᏂᄢߥᡷༀน⢻ᕈߦኻߔࠆାᔨࠍᛴ޿ߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚޕޠᣥᵷߩ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߪޔੱ㑆ߩ ᕈᩰߣ⢻ജߪਇᄌߢ޽ࠆ߆ߩࠃ߁ߦ⺰ߓߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔ⃻ઍߩ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߪ↢ᵴⅣႺߩᚲ↥ߛ ߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍᏱߦᔓࠇߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦߒߡ޿ࠆޕࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߪᔟᭉਥ⟵ࠍታ⾰⊛ߦᜎ⛘ߒޔ ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼ޔࡒ࡞ߩޟ㕒ᱛ⁁ᘒޠߩ߆ࠊࠅߦㅴᱠߣ޿߁᭎ᔨࠍ߅޿ߚޕࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߢ㒢⇇㕟 ๮ࠍዉ޿ߚߩߪࠫࠚࡧࠜࡦ࠭ߢ޽ߞߚ߇ޔ⥄↱ਥ⟵⚻ᷣቇࠍฎౖᵷ⚻ᷣቇߩ㗪ᧁ̆㒶㝠 ߥ⑼ቇޔ෼ⓠㅛᷫޔ㕒ᱛ⁁ᘒޔ⾓㊄ၮ㊄ޔࡑ࡞ࠨࠬߩᄢ㔍໧̆߆ࠄ⸃᡼ߒߚߩߪޔࡑ࡯ ࠪࡖ࡞ߢ޽ߞߚޕ  ࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ޔࡈࠜࠢࠬ࠙ࠚ࡞ޔࡇࠣ࡯㧦ࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߪಽᨆ⊛ߥ⚻ᷣቇߩ㆐ᚑߩߚ߼ߦ ᅷද߇ߥߊޔࠞ࠾ࡦࠟࡓߣߩ㑵޿ߦ߽ߺࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦห௥ߩ઀੐ߦ߽੺౉ߒߚޕࡑ࡯ࠪ ࡖ࡞ߣࡈࠜࠢ࠙ࠚ࡞ߪޔ⚻ᷣቇ࠻࡜ࠗࡐࠬᒻᚑߩߚ߼ߦ✕ኒߥදജࠍߒߚޕߒ߆ߒޔᓐ ࠄߩℂᔨߣᣇᴺߪᄢ޿ߦ⇣ߥࠅޔ ᐕએ㒠㗼࿷ൻߒߚޕࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߪࡈࠜࠢ࠙ࠚ࡞ ተߡߦޔޟᧄ߿ౠሶ߇⾆ఱࠍ༑߫ߖࠆᤨޔ⾆ఱߪߘࠇࠍޟቇ໧⊛ޠߣ⸒޿߹ߔޕઁᣇޔ ⑳ߩᣇߪቢߵ߈ߦޟ⑼ቇ⊛ޠߛߣᕁࠊࠇߥ޿߽ߩߪ૗ߢ޽ࠇޔ⑳ࠍ⥝ᅗߐߖࠆߎߣߪ޽

－131－ ࠅ߹ߖࠎޕ̖⾆ఱ߇੐ታߦ㑐ߔࠆᱜ⏕ߐߦࠃࠅᄢ߈ߥ㊀ὐࠍ⟎ߊߩߦኻߒߡޔ⑳ߩᣇߪ ࿎㔍ߥಽᨆ෸߮ផ⺰ߦขࠅ⚵߻ߎߣࠍࠃࠅᒝߊਥᒛߒ߹ߔޠ㧔(GD㧕ޕࡑ࡯ࠪ ࡖ࡞ߪࠞ࡝ࠠࡘ࡜ࡓߩ✬ᚑߢޔࡈࠜࠢࠬ࠙ࠚ࡞ࠍ⚻ᷣቇߩਥᵹ߆ࠄߪߕߒޔ⚻ᷣผޔ⚻ ᷣቇ⺑ผޔ␠ળਥ⟵ߩࠃ߁ߥ⑼⋡ߦ⒖ߘ߁ߣߒߚޕࡈࠜࠢࠬ࠙ࠚ࡞ߩ⻠⟵ߪࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ࡮ ࠬࠢ࡯࡞㘑ߢޔࠤࡦࡉ࡝࠶ࠫߩ  ᐕᰴߦ߰ߐࠊߒ޿ߣࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߪ⠨߃ߥ߆ߞߚޕࡈࠜ ࠢࠬ࠙ࠚ࡞ߩኾ㐷ߣߔࠆ⚻ᷣቇ⺑ผ࡮⚻ᷣᕁᗐผߪޔࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߦߣߞߡੑᰴ⊛ߥ⑼⋡ ߢ޽ࠅޔޟㆬᛯ⑼⋡ޠߢ޽ߞߚޕࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߪޔ⚻ᷣቇᢎ⢒ࠍޟᱧผ⊛ߢᢥ₂⊛ߥⷰὐ ߣߪ㆑ߞߚ⑼ቇ⊛ߥⷰὐ߆ࠄᛒ߁ޠߎߣࠍ㗿޿ޔޟࡇࠣ࡯ߦ⥄ಽߩ᰼ߔࠆ߽ߩࠍ⷗಴ߒ ߚޕޠ ࡇࠣ࡯߇ᢎ᝼⡯ߦㆬ಴ߐࠇߚᓟޔࡈࠜࠢࠬ࠙ࠚ࡞ߩᢎ߃ሶߢ෹ੱߩࡋࡦ࡝࡯࡮ࡅ࠶ࠣ ࠭ߪޔࡈࠜࠢࠬ࠙ࠚ࡞ߩߚ߼ߦᢎ᝼⡯ CRGTUQPCNEJCKTCV%CODTKFIG ࠍ⸳┙ߒࠃ ߁ߣߒߚޕߎࠇߦ㑐ㅪߒߡࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߪޔࡀࡧࠖ࡞࡮ࠤࠗࡦ࠭ተߡߦޟ߽ߒޔ╙㧞ᢎ᝼ ⡯߇ࠢ࡜࠶ࡄࡓߦⴕߊߴ߈߆ࡈࠜࠢࠬ࠙ࠚ࡞ߦⴕߊߴ߈߆ߣ޿߁໧㗴߇ᜬߜ਄߇ߞߚ ࠄޔ⑳ߪࠢ࡜࠶ࡄࡓࠍᡰᜬߖߑࠆࠍᓧ߹ߖࠎޕ̖ࡈࠜࠢࠬ࠙ࠚ࡞߇ଐὼߣߒߡᦨ⋓ᦼߦ ޽ࠆߣߒߡ߽ޔࠢ࡜࠶ࡄࡓߣหߓ⍮⊛᳓Ḱߦ⟎ߊߎߣߪぷふ߁ߢߒࠂ߁ޠ &GE ޕ   㧡㧚߅ࠊࠅߦ   ᧄⓂߢߪޔࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߦ߅ߌࠆ  ᐕઍ߆ࠄ  ᐕઍߦ߆ߌߡߩ⚻ᷣቇผ⎇ⓥߩᒻᚑ ࠍ᭎ⷰߒޔࠫࠚࡧࠜࡦ࠭ߩ⚻ᷣቇผޔᱧผቇᵷߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผޔࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߩ⚻ᷣቇผߦ ὶὐࠍ޽ߡޔ⚻ᷣቇผߩᗧ๧࡮ᗧ⟵ࠍᬌ⸛ߒߚ޿ޕ  ᐕઍ߆ࠄ  ᐕઍߦ߆ߌߡޔࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߩ⚻ᷣቇผ⎇ⓥߪޔ⚻ᷣผቇߩࠃ߁ߦቇ ⑼ߣߒߡ೙ᐲൻߔࠆߎߣߪߥ߆ߞߚ߇ޔ⚻ᷣቇผ⎇ⓥߩⅣႺၮ⋚ޔቇ໧⊛ⅣႺߪ߅ߘࠄ ߊᩰᲑߩㅴᱠࠍㆀߍߚޕߘߩ㗼⪺ߥ⴫ࠇߩ৻ߟ߇ࠠࡖ࠽ࡦ ޡ࿖ን⺰ޢߩೀⴕߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ ࠠࡖ࠽ࡦޔࡈࠜࠢࠬ࠙ࠚ࡞ߩ⚻ᷣቇผ⎇ⓥߦߟ޿ߡ߽⸒෸ߒߚ޿ޕ 

－132－ 19 ਎♿ᧃ߆ࠄ 20 ਎♿ೋ㗡ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߦ߅ߌࠆ⚻ᷣቇผ⎇ⓥߩ․ᓽ ̆̆⚻ᷣቇผߩᒻᚑ̆̆ 㜞 ື↵(਻Ꮊ↥ᬺᄢቇ ⚻ᷣ࡮ࡆࠫࡀࠬ⎇ⓥ⑼) ߪߓ߼ߦ ౒ㅢ⺰㗴ޟ⚻ᷣቇผߩᒻᚑޠߦࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪޔ߹ߕޟ⚻ᷣቇผޠߣߪ޿߆ ߥࠆ߽ߩ߆ߦߟ޿ߡ৻ᔕߩ᭎ᔨࠍ⏕⹺ߒߡ߅ߊߎߣ߇ଢቱߢ޽ࠅਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔߎߎ ߦߪ߿ߞ߆޿ߥ໧㗴߇޽ࠆޕ߹ߕޔޟ⚻ᷣቇޠߣߪ૗߆߇᣿ࠄ߆ߢߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߕޔߒ߆ ﹇第二日目﹈ ߽ޔ⚻ᷣቇߩᱧผߣ޿߁႐วߩޟᱧผޠࠍߤߩ᭽ߦℂ⸃ߔࠇ߫ࠃ޿ߩ߆ޔߣ޿߁໧㗴߇ 第一会場 ↢ߓࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕ Economy ޽ࠆ޿ߪ Political Economy ߩ⺆Ḯ⊛ߥℂ⸃(oeconomia ߦᆎ߹ࠆߥߤ)ߦߟ ޿ߡ➅ࠅ㄰ߔᔅⷐߪߥ߆ࠈ߁߇ޔ⚻ᷣቇߩᚑ┙߇ߥߌࠇ߫ޔޟ⚻ᷣቇผߩᚑ┙ޠ߽޽ࠅ߃ ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢޔ޽߹ࠅᜰ៰ߐࠇߡߎߥ߆ߞߚ․ᓽࠍੑߟߛߌᜰ៰ߒߡ߅ߎ߁ޕ╙৻ ߪޔoeconomia ߆ࠄ economy ߳ߣᄌࠊߞߡ޿ߊᄢ߈ߥ߈ߞ߆ߌ߇ޔߚߣ߃߫ Sir Thomas Smith, Commonwealth of England and manner of government thereof ; Maner of gouernment or policie of the realm of England (1589,ೋ 1583 ᐕߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞ߪޔDe Repvblica Anglorvm)ߢജ⺑ߐࠇߚ Commonwealth ߟ߹ࠅޟ㗔ਥޔ⚩჻ޔ⥄↱ㄘ᳃ޔ⡯ ੱޠߣ޿߁ 4 㓏⚖ߩޟ౒หߩንޠߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢߩޟ࿖ኅޠߩ⊓႐ ߦ޽ߞߚߎߣޕ╙ 2 ߦޔ ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ㓏⚖ߩޟ೑⋉౒ห૕ޠߣߒߡߩ࿖ኅߩ⊓႐ߪޔᒰὼߩߎߣߥ߇ࠄ⛔ᴦߩᣇᴺޔ ߟ߹ࠅޟߤߩࠃ߁ߥ᡽╷߇ណ↪ߐࠇޔㆀⴕߐࠇࠆߴ߈߆ޠࠍޔ౏ὼߣ⼏⺰ߒᆎ߼ߚߎߣޕ ൩⺰ޔߎߩࠃ߁ߥޟ࿖ኅ㧩౒๺࿖㧩౒ㅢߩንޠߩ᭎ᔨ߇৻⥸⊛ߦᚑ┙ߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪޔߘ ࠇߦᔕߓߚ࿖ኅߩᯏ᭴࡮૕೙㧩࿖೙ߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢߩޟࠦࡦࠬ࠹ࠖ࠹ࡘ࡯࡚ࠪࡦޠߩሽ࿷ ߇೨ឭߐࠇࠆߩ߽⏕߆ߢ޽ࠅޔߤߩ᭽ߥ࿖೙ߢ޽ࠆ߆ᰴ╙ߢޔណ↪ߐࠇࠆ᡽╷ᚻᲑ߽⇣ ߥࠆߒޔหߓ᡽╷ߢ޽ߞߡ߽ޔ㓏⚖ߦࠃߞߡ੨ฃߔࠆ೑⋉߇⇣ߥࠆߩߪᒰὼߩߎߣߛޕ ߣߎࠈߢޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞวᎺ࿖ߪޔዋߥߊߣ߽りಽ೙ᐲߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢߩޟ㓏⚖ޠߪሽ࿷ߖ ߕ㧔ᅛ㓮ߪޔりಽߢߪߥ޿ޕࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߦ߅ߌࠆᅛ㓮ߪޟ㊄ߢ⾈ߞߚޠ⽷↥ߢ޽ࠅޟりಽޠ ߢߪߥ޿߆ࠄޔޟ㊄ࠍᛄ߃߫ޔ⥄↱ߦߥࠇࠆޠߣ޿߁⸃㉼㧕ޔ⥄↱ߢᐔ╬ߥੱ᳃߇᭴ᚑߔ ࠆ౒๺࿖ߩ㓸ว૕ߣߒߡޔ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄ(㧩ᣥ␠ળ)ࠍᡰ㈩ߔࠆりಽ೙ᐲࠍᑄᱛߒޔੱ㑆ߩ ⥄↱ࠍߎߩ਎ߢታ⃻ߔࠆߣ޿߁ℂᔨߩ߽ߣߦޔᙗᴺ㧔ࠦࡦࠬ࠹ࠖ࠹ࡘ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㧕ࠍᮨ⚝ ߒޔੱὑ⊛ߦࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ߆ࠄ⁛┙ߒߡ᭴ᚑߐࠇߚ࿖೙ߢ޽ߞߚޕޟࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ଀ᄖਥ⟵ Exceptionalismޠߪߘߩࠃ߁ߥၮ␆ߦ߽ߣߠ޿ߡ޿ߚ߆ࠄޔ⥄↱ߪޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߢߪޔޟ⥄ Ꮖ೑⋉㧩୘ੱߩ⚻ᷣ⊛೑⋉ޠߩ⥄↱ߥㅊ᳞ࠍ଻⸽ߔࠆࠃ߁ߥޟᴺߣ᡽╷ޠߩㅊ᳞ߣㆀⴕ ࠍᗧ๧ߒߚޕ⥄Ꮖ೑⋉ࠍㅊ᳞ߔࠆ⥄↱ߪޔᒰὼޔߘߩࠃ߁ߥ⥄Ꮖ೑⋉߇ઁੱߦࠃߞߡਇ ᴺߦଚኂߐࠇߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦ቞ࠄࠇࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆޕਇᴺⴕὑߪޔᱜ⟵ߩ৻⥸ේೣߦ෻ߔࠆߣ ߐࠇޔ෩ߒ޿ขࠅ✦߹ࠅߩኻ⽎ߦߥߞߚߩߛޕ ߽ߒߎࠇࠍ⥄↱᡼છਥ⟵޽ࠆ޿ߪ⚻ᷣ⊛⥄↱ਥ⟵ߣ๭߱ߥࠄޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ߇ᑪ࿖એ᧪ޟ⚻ ᷣ⊛⥄↱ਥ⟵ޠߩ࿖ኅߢ޽ߞߚߎߣߪ㑆㆑޿ߥ޿ޕߘ߁ߢ޽ࠆ㒢ࠅޔ⚻ᷣቇߪޔࠕ࠳ࡓ࡮

－133－ ࠬࡒࠬߩޡ࿖ን⺰ޢߐ߃޽ࠇ߫ޔ߽߁චಽߢ޽ߞߚߪߕߢ޽ࠆޕࠬࡒࠬ߇ޟ␠ળߩ቟ో ߩߚ߼ޠߩ᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆ໑৻ߩ⥄↱ⷙ೙ߣ⹺߼ߚޟㅢ⽻ߣ㌁ⴕ೙ᐲޠ߽ޔ1828 ᐕએ㒠ߩࠫ ࡖࠢ࠰࠾ࠕࡦ࡮࠺ࡕࠢ࡜ࠪ࡯ߦࠃࠅਛᄩ㌁ⴕߩ⸳┙߇ุ᳿ߐࠇߚߎߣ߆ࠄಽ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦޔ ᡽ᐭߩᓎഀߪޟߢ߈ࠆߛߌዊߐߊޠߢ޽ߞߚ߆ࠄߛޕߒ߆ߒޔ⃻ታߪ⇣ߥࠆޕዊߐߥ᡽ ᐭࠍ⋡ᜰߒߪߒߚ߇ޔ࿖㓙⊛ߦߪ࠾ࡘ࡯࠺ࠖ࡯࡞ߩᤨᦼ߹ߢޔ৻⽾ߒߡޟ㜞₸ߩャ౉㑐 ⒢᡽╷ޠ߇ណ↪ߐࠇߚޕߘࠇߪೋᦼߩᐜ⒩↥ᬺ଻⼔ߛߌߢߥߊޔ19 ਎♿ᧃߩ㊀ൻቇᎿᬺ ൻߩᤨઍ߽ޔޟࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ଀ᄖਥ⟵ޠߩࠗ࠺ࠝࡠࠡ࡯ߦᓟ᛼ߒߐࠇߡ৻⽾ߒߡㅊ෸ߐࠇߚ߆ ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕ⥄↱┹੎ߪޔߛ߆ࠄޔ࿖ౝ⊛ߥ߽ߩߦㆊ߉ߕޔ࿖㓙⊛ߦߪ଻⼔ਥ⟵ߢ޽ߞߚ ߩߛޕ ߛ߆ࠄޔ⚻ᷣ␠ળߩ᭴ㅧ߇ᄢ߈ߊᄌൻߒᆎ߼ޔ޿ࠊࠁࠆ␠ળ໧㗴߇⊒↢ߔࠆ߹ߢޔ⚻ ᷣቇ࡮⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߦኻߔࠆ␠ળ⊛ⷐ⺧ߪޔ᳿ߒߡᒝߊ߽ᄢ߈ߊ߽ߥ߆ߞߚޕߖ޿ߗ޿ޔᅛ 㓮೙ᐲߦ⛽ᜬߣޟ⥄↱ޠߩℂᔨߣࠍ޿߆ߦᢛว⊛ߦ⺑᣿ߔࠆ߆㧔ᱜᒰൻߔࠆ߆㧕ߣ޿߁ ໧㗴ޔ߅ࠃ߮ޔవㅴ࿖ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߩ㜞޿↥ᬺᛛⴚࠍขࠅㄟߺߥ߇ࠄޔᐜ⒩ߥ⵾ㅧᬺࠍ⢒ᚑ࡮ ଻⼔ߔࠆߚ߼ߦޟ㜞₸ߩ଻⼔㑐⒢ޠࠍᚻᲑߦᎿᬺ⊒ዷࠍ࿑ࠈ߁ߣߔࠆࡍࡦࠪ࡞ࡧࠚ࠾ࠕ ਛᔃߩ଻⼔⾏ᤃߣ࿖ౝߩ⥄↱᡼છਥ⟵ߣߩޟਔ┙ޠߩߚ߼ߩޟ⚻ᷣ⊒ዷߩℂ⺰ޠࠍᎿᄦ ߔࠆߎߣޔߎߩੑߟߒ߆ᄢ໧㗴ߪߥ߆ߞߚߣ⸒ߞߡ⦟޿ޕ⁛┙ᦼ߆ࠄ 19 ਎♿╙ 3 ྾ඨ ᦼ߹ߢޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߢᔅⷐߣߐࠇߚߩߪ’Ꮷ㙃ᚑߩߚ߼ߩޟ㆏ᓼືቇޠ޿ࠊࠁࠆࠦࡕࡦ࠮ ࡦࠬ࡮ࡈࠖࡠ࠰ࡈࠖ࡯ߛߌߢ޽ࠅޔ⚻ᷣቇߦኻߔࠆ␠ળ⊛㔛ⷐߪ㒢ࠅߥߊዊߐ߆ߞߚߩ ߢ޽ࠆޕ⁁ᴫ߇ᄌൻߔࠆߩߪޔ19 ਎♿ᦨᓟߩ྾ඨᦼߦߥߞߡߩߎߣߛޕ

㜞ᐲᚑ㐳ߣ⁛භᒻᚑ㧦ᣂߒ޿᡽╷ߩ␠ળ⊛ⷐ⺧ ධർᚢ੎ᓟߩ㜞ᐲᚑ㐳ߪޔ⷏ẋㆇേߩ᜛ᄢ㧔࿯࿾⑳᦭ⷰᔨࠍᜬߚߥ޿ࠗࡦ࠺ࠖࠕࡦ߆ࠄ ⷗ࠇ߫ޔ⹊᱂࡮ᮮ㗔ߛߌߢߥߊޔ࿖ኅ⊛ㄼኂߢ޽ࠆ߇㧕ޔߟ߹ࠅ㋕㆏ᑪ⸳ߦ‧ᒁߐࠇߚⓃ ‛⠹૞ߩㅴዷߣޔ㋕Ꮏᬺߘߩઁߩ⵾ㅧᬺߩ↢↥‛ߦኻߔࠆ㔛ⷐ࡮ଏ⛎ߩჇട߇‧ᒁߒߚ ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚޕߛ߇ޔ↥ᬺᛛⴚߩㅴዷߦ߽ߣߠߊߎߩࠃ߁ߥ↢↥ߩᕆỗߥჇടߪޔ⥄↱ ┹੎૕೙ߩ߽ߣߢߪޔㄘ↥‛࡮Ꮏᬺ↢↥‛ߦ߅ߌࠆᕆỗߥଔᩰਅ⪭ࠍ߽ߚࠄߔޕߎ߁ߒ ߡ 1980 ᐕઍᓟඨએ㒠ޔ⼾૞⽺ਲ㧔ㄘᬺਇᴫ㧕ߣᄬᬺߣ߇ޔ␠ળ໧㗴ߣߒߡᶋ਄ߔࠆޕ ൩⺰ޔㄘᬺ໧㗴ߩᣇ߇ᣧᦼߦ⊒↢ߒߚޕ߹ߛࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߪㄘᬺ࿖ߢ޽ߞߚ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕߟ ߹ࠅ෼ⓠߒߚⓃ‛ߩㆇㅍߦਇนᰳߥ㋕㆏߇ޔ㋕㆏ᬺ⠪ߩ⁛භ⊛㜞ㆇ⾓᡽╷ߦࠃࠅޔઁߦ ㆇㅍᚻᲑࠍ߽ߚߧㄘ᳃߆ࠄߩޟ᥸೑ޠࠍ⽽ࠆᚻᲑߦߥߞߚߚ߼ޔ⷏ㇱㄘ᳃ࠍਛᔃߦޟ෻ ⁛භޠߟ߹ࠅޟ⁛භ⑌ᱛᴺޠߩ┙ᴺࠍ᳞߼ࠆㆇേ߇㜞឴ߒޔ1890 ᐕߦㅪ㇌⼏ળߢᚑ┙ߔ ࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩᴺᓞߪޔߒ߆ߒޔߖ޿ߗ޿ഭ௛⚵วⷙ೙ߦലᨐ⊛ߢ޽ ߞߚߊࠄ޿ߢޔታ㓙ߩ⁛භ⊛Ꮒᄢᩣᑼળ␠ߩଔᩰᚢ⇛ߥߤࠍขࠅ✦߹ࠆߎߣߪߥ߆ߞߚޕ ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩ႐วޔᴺࠍၫⴕߔࠆߩߪޔၮᧄ⊛ߦᎺ᡽ᐭߢ޽ࠅޔᎺ᡽ᐭߩⷙ೙ߪޔޟ⥄Ꮊౝ ㇱߛߌޠߦ㒢ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ߆ࠄޔߚߣ߃߫ࡆ࠶ࠣ࡮ࡆࠫࡀࠬߩଔᩰ᡽╷ࠍⷙ೙ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ ߪޔޟᎺࠍ߹ߚߋขᒁߦߟ޿ߡߩⷙ೙ޠ߇ਇนᰳߦߥࠆޕߟ߹ࠅޔޟᎺ㓙ขᒁޠࠍߤߩ᭽

－134－ ߦⷙ೙ߔࠆ߆ޔߎࠇ߇ޟ⥄↱┹੎ޠߩ࿖ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߢ⊒↢ߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆߩߛޕ⁛භ೑Ả ࠍ⻭᱌ߔࠆ⥄↱ޔ⸒޿឵߃ࠆߣޔࠞ࡞࠹࡞߿࠻࡜ࠬ࠻ߥߤߩⷙ೙ߒޔℂᔨߣߒߡߩ⥄↱ ࠍ⃻ታൻߔࠆߚ߼ߩޟℂ⺰ߣ᡽╷ޠ㧩↥ᬺ⚵❱⺰߇ޔᣂߒߊᮨ⚝ߐࠇࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ߞߚޕ  ߛ߇ޔߘࠇߛߌߢߪߥ޿ޕ80 ᐕઍᓟඨએ㒠ߦᕆỗߦ㜞߹ࠆഭ௛⚵ว⚿ᚑߩㆇേޔ㓸࿅ ੤ᷤߦࠃࠆഭ⾓᳿ቯࠍ߽ߣ߼ࠆഭ௛⠪ߩⷐ᳞ߪޔ୘ੱ㑆ߩ⥄↱ߥଔᩰ᳿ቯߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢ ߩޟᏒ႐⚻ᷣߩၮᧄේೣޠߟ߹ࠅޔ⥄↱┹੎ߩේℂߦᛶ⸅ߔࠆޕഭ௛⠪ߩⷐ᳞ߪޔᢿ࿕ ⼊ኤജߦࠃߞߡขࠅ✦߹ࠆߴ߈ਇᴺⴕὑߛߣ㓹↪⠪ߚߜߪਥᒛߒߚߒޔ߹ߚㄘ᳃߽ޔߘ ﹇第二日目﹈ ߩࠃ߁ߦ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚޕㆡಾߥ⾓㊄ߣߪߤߩ᭽ߥ߽ߩ߆ޔߘߒߡޔߘࠇߪߤߩ᭽ߥᴺᓞ࡮ 第一会場 ೙ᐲߦࠃߞߡታ⃻ߐࠇࠆߩ߆ޔߎࠇ߇໧ࠊࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚޕ  ߎ߁ߺߡߊࠆߣޔ1880 ᐕઍએ㒠ޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩᄢቇߢ⚻ᷣቇᢎ⢒߇ዉ౉ߐࠇߚℂ↱߇ޔ 㜞ᐲᚑ㐳ߣࡆ࠶ࠣ࡮ࡆࠫࡀࠬߩᒻᚑ࡮⊒ዷߣ޿߁ᣂߒ޿␠ળ೙ᐲߩ⊒ዷࠍᜂ߁ࠛࠦࡁࡒ ࠬ࠻ߩ↢↥ޔߣ޿߁ౕ૕⊛⺖㗴߳ߩኻᔕ࡮⸃᳿╷ߩᮨ⚝ߣታ⃻ߦኻߔࠆ␠ળ⊛ⷐ⺧ߩ㜞 ߹ࠅࠍ෻ᤋߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߎߣޔߎࠇߪ᣿ࠄ߆ߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕቇㇱᢎ⢒૕೙ߩᢛ஻ߪޔᒰὼޔ หᤨߦᄢቇ㒮ᢎ⢒ߩ⊒ዷߣᱠ⺞ࠍวࠊߖߡ޿ߚޕߐࠄߦኾ㐷⡯ᄢቇ㒮ߢ޽ࠆࡆࠫࡀࠬࠬ ࠢ࡯࡞߽ޔ90 ᐕઍ߆ࠄ 1910 ᐕߦ߆ߌߡᰴޘߦ⸳┙ߐࠇࠆޕࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߦ߅ߌࠆ⚻ᷣቇผ ⎇ⓥ߇ᆎ߹ߞߚߩߪޔߎߩޟ⚻ᷣቇㇱߣᄢቇ㒮ߩᕆჇޠㆊ⒟ߦ߅޿ߡߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕ

⚻ᷣቇߩᮨ⚝ߣ⚻ᷣቇผ⎇ⓥ  ⚻ᷣቇผ⎇ⓥߣߪޔ⚻ᷣቇ⎇ⓥ㧩⚻ᷣቇ⊛ᕁ⠨߇⥄ࠄߩᱧผ⊛ᗧ⟵࡮૏⟎ࠍᝄࠅ㄰ࠅ ߥ߇ࠄ⏕⹺ߒޔߐࠄߦᣂߒ޿ᣇะᕈࠍᮨ⚝࡮ዷᦸߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕ⚻ᷣቇ⊛ᕁ⠨ߩ৻Ⅳ ߢ޽ࠆ߆ࠄޔ␠ળߩ⊒ዷߣߣ߽ߦ⚻ᷣቇ߇ᄢ߈ߊំࠇേߊߣ߈ޔ⚻ᷣቇผ⎇ⓥ߇ᵴᕈൻ ߔࠆߩߪޔᒰὼߩߎߣߥߩߛޕ⥄ࠄߩᕁ⠨㧩ᕁᗐߣℂ⺰ߩޟᣂߒߐޠߣᅷᒰᕈࠍ⺰⸽ߔ ࠆߎߣߪޔ⥄Ꮖ⏕⹺ߩߚ߼ߦਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆ߫߆ࠅ߆ޔ᡽╷ᛕ್ߩߚ߼ߩਇนᰳߩᚻᲑߢ ޽ࠅޔหᤨߦޔᣂߒ޿᡽╷ߩᱜᒰᕈ࡮วᴺᕈࠍ⺰⸽ߔࠆߚ߼ߩᦨ߽ലᨐ⊛ߥᣇᴺߛ߆ࠄ ߢ޽ࠆޕ ߒߚ߇ߞߡޔኈᤃߦᗐ௝ߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߦ߅ߌࠆ⚻ᷣቇผߩᒻᚑߪޔએਅ 3 ὐߩ․ᓽࠍᜬߟߎߣߦߥߞߚޕ╙৻ߦޔၮᧄ⊛ߦᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ⚻ᷣቇᢎ⢒ߩࠦ࡯ࠬߣߒ ߡᓎ┙ߡࠆߎߣ㧔ㅢᏱޔ⚻ᷣቇߩ೙ᐲൻߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ㧕ޔ╙ੑߦޔ⚻ᷣቇࠍ⑼ቇߣߒߡ⊒ዷ ߐߖࠆߚ߼ߩᣂߒ޿ᣇᴺ⺰ߩᮨ⚝ޔ╙ਃߦޔ␠ળߩવ⛔⊛࡮ᡰ㈩⊛ℂᔨߛߌߢߪኻᔕߢ ߈ߥ޿ᣂߒ޿⚻ᷣ࡮␠ળ໧㗴ߦኻߔࠆኻᔕ㧩᡽╷ㅊ᳞ߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡޔᣂߒ޿᡽╷ߩ᦭ല ᕈߛߌߢߥߊޔߘߩᅷᒰᕈߣวᴺᕈࠍ⸃᣿࡮⺑᣿ߒޔ␠ળߦឭଏߔࠆߎߣޔߎࠇߢ޽ࠆޕ ⷐߔࠆߦޔᄢቇߩ⚻ᷣቇㇱ࡮ᄢቇ㒮ᢎ⢒ߩ㐿ᆎߣหᤨߦޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩ⚻ᷣቇผ⎇ⓥ߇㐿 ᆎߐࠇࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕ ߛ߇ޔߘ߁ߣߔࠇ߫ޔ⥝๧ᷓ޿໧㗴߇ᶋ਄ߔࠆߛࠈ߁ޕࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩᄢቇߦ߅ߌࠆ⚻ᷣ ቇޔ⚻ᷣቇผ⎇ⓥߩ⊓႐ࠍ⠨߃ࠆ਄ߢޔᄢቇߢ⚻ᷣቇࠍᢎ⢒ߔࠆᢎຬߟ߹ࠅޟᄢቇᢎ᝼ ߪߤߩ᭽ߦ↢↥ߐࠇߚ߆ޠߣ޿߁໧㗴ߩ⸃᣿ᛮ߈ߦޔ↢ᚑᦼࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢߥ

－135－ ⚻ᷣቇ࡮⚻ᷣᕁᗐߩ․ᓽࠍޟቇ⺑ผ⊛ߦޠℂ⸃ߔࠆߩߪਇน⢻ߣ⸒ߞߡ⦟޿߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕ 㧝㧚⚻ᷣቇߩ⻠ᐳ߇ᣂ⸳ߐࠇߚᄢቇߢ૶ࠊࠇߡ߈ߚ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߪޔ߶ߣࠎߤ߇ J.S.ࡒ࡞ߩ ޟේℂޠߢޔA.ࡢࠜ࡯ࠞ࡯ޔL.ࡍ࡝࡯ߩ߽ߩ߽ᮡḰ⊛ߢ޽ߞߚޕߘ߽ߘ߽⚻ᷣቇߪޔ㆏ ᓼືቇߩ᜛లߢ޽ߞߚޕ⚻ᷣቇㇱ߇ᣂߚߦᣂ⸳ߐࠇߪߓ߼ޔ90 ᐕઍඨ߫એ㒠ߦߥࠆߣޔ ߎߩᖱᴫߪᄌࠊࠅᆎ߼ࠆޕ਎♿ォ឵ߩᤨᦼએ㒠ߦޔᄢቇߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߪᄢㇱಽ A.ࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ ࡞ߩޟ⚻ᷣቇේℂޠ޽ࠆ޿ߪޔߘࠇࠍ⚵ߺㄟࠎߛ߽ߩߦขߞߡઍࠊࠄࠇࠆޕࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ ߩේℂߪޔ߹ߕᄢቇ㒮ߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻㧔㒮↢ߩ⎇ⓥኻ⽎㧕ߦߥࠅޔߘߩᓟޔࡒ࡞ߣࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ ࡞ࠍࡌ࡯ࠬߦߒߚޟ⚻ᷣቇේℂޠߩᄢቇ ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߇૞ࠄࠇᆎ߼ࠆ㧔ࡂ࡯ࡧࠔ࡯࠼ߩ F.W. ࠲࠙ࠪ࠶ࠣ߿ࠗࠚ࡯࡞ߩ A.T.ࡂ࠼࡟࡯ߥߤ㧕ޕߎ߁ߒߡࡒ࡞એ೨ߩฎౖᵷ⚻ᷣቇߪޔ⁛ ┙ߒߚࠦ࡯ࠬߣߒߡߩޟ⚻ᷣቇผޠߦ߹ߢߪߥࠄߥ߆ߞߚ߇ޔ૗ಣߩᄢቇߢ߽ޔߤߜࠄ ߆ߣ޿߃߫ޟ౉㐷ޠ߿ޟ᭎⺰ޠߩ৻Ⅳߦ⚵ߺㄟ߹ࠇޔᢎ߃ࠄࠇࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚޕ᝼ᬺ⑼ ⋡ߦߥߞߡߒ߹߃߫ޔ߽߁චಽߦޟ⚻ᷣቇผޠߪᚑ┙ߒߚߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁߇ޔߘࠇߦߪޔ߽ ߁ዋߒᤨ㑆߇߆߆ߞߚࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆޕ૗ࠃࠅ߽⚻ᷣቇㇱߢⷐ⺧ߐࠇߚߎߣߪޔ㋕㆏ᬺߘߩ ઁߩࡆ࠶ࠣ࡮ࡆࠫࡀࠬߩ▤ℂޔᎺ߿࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕ߩ⽷᡽໧㗴߳ߩኻᔕߥߤޔㇺᏒൻߩㅴዷ ߣߣ߽ߦ↢ߓߚޟᣂߒ޿໧㗴ޠ߳ߩലᨐ⊛ߥኻಣ⢻ജࠍᜬߟੱ᧚ߩଦᚑᩱၭߦ޽ߞߚ߆ ࠄޔ⁛┙ߩࠦ࡯ࠬߣߒߡߩޟ⚻ᷣቇผޠ߳ߩ㔛ⷐߪዊߐ߆ߞߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ 㧞㧚⚻ᷣቇࠍ⑼ቇߣߒߡ⊒ዷߐߖࠆߚ߼ߩᣇᴺ⺰ߩᮨ⚝ߣߒߡ߽ߟޟ⚻ᷣቇผޠߩ஥㕙 ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ㗼⪺ߥᚑᨐ߇޽ߞߚޕ1870 ᐕઍޔ․ߦᓟඨߩᤨᦼߪޔᧄ࿖࠼ࠗ࠷ߪ߽ߣࠃ ࠅޔࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޔᱧผቇᵷ߇บ㗡ߔࠆᤨᦼߢ޽ࠆޕޟᣂߒ޿਎ઍޠ߇ޟᣂߒ޿⚻ ᷣቇޠࠍᮡ᭙ߔࠆએ਄ޔޟฎ޿਎ઍޠߩޟฎ޿⚻ᷣቇޠ߇ᛕ್࡮ี๧ߐࠇࠆߩߪᒰὼߩߎ ߣߛޕᣂ਎ઍߩ⚻ᷣቇߩᱜᒰᕈࠍޔޟ⑼ቇޠߩฬߩਅߦ⺰⸽ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡޔ޿ࠊࠁࠆᣇᴺ ⺰੎߇㐿ᆎߐࠇࠆޕ൩⺰ޔߎࠇߪޟṶ➈߆Ꮻ⚊߆ޠߣ޿߁ࡒ࡞⥄りࠍᖠ߹ߖߚฎߊ߆ࠄ ߩ໧㗴ߛߌߢߥߊޔේሶ⺰⊛␠ળⷰߣ᦭ᯏ⊛␠ળⷰޔ୘ੱਥ⟵߿ഞ೑ਥ⟵ߩᗧ⟵ߣ㒢⇇ ࠍ߼ߋࠆᩮᧄ⊛ߥ໧㗴ߢ޽ߞߚ߆ࠄޔ․ߦޟਥᵹޠߦኻߔࠆޟ෻ਥᵹޠߟ߹ࠅᱧผਥ⟵ ߩ┙႐߆ࠄߔࠆᛕ್߇㍈ߊᐢ▸ߢ޽ࠇ߫޽ࠆ߶ߤޔߘߩᛕ್߇หᤨߦᣇᴺ⺰⊛ᰴరߢ⷗ ߚޟ⚻ᷣቇผޠߦߥߞߚޕ৻⥸ൻߒߡ޿߃߫ޔ⚻ᷣቇผߪޔ⃻ታߩ⚻ᷣ໧㗴ߦኻಣߒࠃ ߁ߣ⹜ߺࠆ⚻ᷣ⊛ᕁ⠨߇ޔߘߩᣂߒ޿᡽╷ឭ⸒ߩᅷᒰᕈߣᱜᒰᕈࠍ⺰⸽ߔࠆᔅⷐߦㄼࠄ ࠇߚᣂ⥝ߩዋᢙᵷ㓸࿅㧔ޟᣂޠቇᵷߪޔߟߨߦዋᢙ߆ࠄᆎ߹ࠆ㧕߇ޔવ⛔⊛ߢਥᵹߩ⚻ᷣ ቇ࡮⚻ᷣᕁᗐߦኻߒߡ᡼ߞߚޟ⚻ᷣቇᛕ್ޠߣߒߡᆎ߹ࠆޕߔߢߦᡰ㈩⊛࡮ਥᵹߩ┙႐ ߦ޽ࠆ⚻ᷣቇ࡮ᕁᗐߪޔߘߩࠃ߁ߥޟ⚻ᷣቇᛕ್ޠࠍⴕ߁ᔅⷐߥߤޔ߹ߞߚߊߥ޿ޕᡰ ㈩⊛㧔ਥᵹ㧕ߢ޽ࠅ⛯ߌࠆߚ߼ߩദജ߇ᔅⷐߥߛߌߢ޽ࠆޕ1880 ᐕઍೋᦼߩ R.T.ࠗ࡯ ࡝࡯ࠍਛᔃߣߔࠆޟᣂቇᵷޠ㧔ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞᱧผቇᵷߣ๭ߴߥߊ߽ߥ޿ޕޟ୘ੱߩ⥄↱ߪޔ୘ ੱߩༀߩℂᗐߣ৻⥸⊛⑔␩ߩߚ߼ߦ೙㒢ߐࠇࠆޠߣ޿߁޿ࠊࠁࠆ New Liberalism ߩਥ ᒛޕ㧕ߣ୘ੱਥ⟵࡮⥄↱┹੎࡮Ṷ➈⊛૕♽ࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆޟᣥቇᵷޠߣߩ㑆ߩ⺰੎߇ࠃߊ⍮ࠄ ࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔࠗ࡯࡝࡯⪺ The Past and the Present of Political Economy, 1884㧕ߪޔ߹ ߛౝኈ⊛ߦޟ᭎ⷰޠએ਄ߩ߽ߩߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ߇ޔߘߩઍ⴫ߣℂ⸃ߒߡ⦟޿ޕࠕࡔ࡝ࠞᦨ

－136－ ೋߩቇ↢↪࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߢ޽ࠆޟ⚻ᷣቇผޠࠍᦠ޿ߚ L.H.Haney (History of Economic Thought: A Critical account of the origin and development of the Economic Theoriesof the Leading Thinkers in the Leading Nations,1911)ߪࠗ࡯࡝࡯ߩᒉሶߢ޽ ࠅޔ1885 ᐕ㗃ࠗ࡯࡝࡯߇⨲Ⓜߦ➙߼ߡ޿ߚ߽ߩࠍ೑↪ߒߟߟၫ╩ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢޔᕁᗐߣ ℂ⺰ޔᤨઍ⢛᥊ߣߩ㑐ㅪᕈߥߤߦ㈩ᘦߒߚ߽ߩߢޔ߹ߐߦ⚻ᷣቇㇱߢޟ⚻ᷣቇผޠߣ޿ ߁ࠦ࡯ࠬ߇ߢ߈޽߇ߞߚߎߣࠍ‛⺆ࠆ઀੐ߢ޽ߞߚޕ  ᣂߒ޿ⷞὐ߆ࠄߩવ⛔࡮ਥᵹᛕ್ߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢޔ߽߁৻ߟ㊀ⷐߥޟ⚻ᷣቇผޠߪޔ1899 ﹇第二日目﹈ ᐕߦࡂ࡯ࡧࠔ࡯࠼ߩ㔀⹹ QJE ߦ 3 ࿁ߦಽߌߡឝタߐࠇߚ T.B.ࡧࠚࡉ࡟ࡦߩ 第一会場 “Preconceptions of Economic Science” ߢ޽ࠆޕഞ೑ਥ⟵ߩ♖✺ൻߣ૕♽ൻࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ ዷ㐿ߒߟߟ޽ߞߚਥᵹߩᕁᗐߦኻߒߡޔ࠳࡯࠙ࠖࡦߩㅴൻ⺰ߎߘޟ⑼ቇޠߩฬߦ߰ߐࠊ ߒ޿ߣ޿߁┙႐߆ࠄޔF.ࠤࡀ࡯߆ࠄ A.ࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞㧔ࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ࠍᣂฎౖᵷߣ๭ࠎߛೋᦼ ߩᢥ₂ߢ޽ࠆ㧕ߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢߩޟਥᵹޠߩ⚻ᷣቇߩᱧผ⊛․ᓽࠍᶋ߈ᓂࠅߦߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ ߞߚޕߎࠇߪޔޡ᦭㑄㓏⚖ߩℂ⺰ޢߣߥࠄࠎߢޔ೙ᐲቇᵷ㧔ᦨㄭߢߪޔᣥ೙ᐲቇᵷߣ๭߫ ࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇㧕ߩㆇേࠍὐἫߐߖࠆ߈ߞ߆ߌߦߥࠅޔߘࠇߙࠇߩᤨઍ♖␹ߣℂ⺰ߩၮᧄ⊛ ․ᓽࠍ᣿⏕ൻߔࠆὐߢ㓙ߛߞߡ޿ߚ߇ޔߥ߅ޟ᭎⺰ޠ⊛ߥၞࠍ಴ߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ㧔1919 ᐕߦ The Place of Science in Modern Civilisation ߦ➙߼ࠄࠇߚࠪࡘࡕ࡜࡯߿ࡑ࡞ࠢࠬ ߥߤࠍ߼ߋࠆቇ⺑⎇ⓥߩᄢㇱಽߪޔ1910 ᐕ߹ߢߦᦠ߆ࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇㧕ޕ 㧟㧚␠ળߩવ⛔⊛࡮ᡰ㈩⊛ℂᔨߛߌߢߪኻಣߢ߈ߥ޿ᣂߒ޿⚻ᷣ࡮␠ળ໧㗴ߦኻߔࠆኻ ᔕ㧩᡽╷ㅊ᳞ߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡޔᣂߒ޿᡽╷ߩ᦭ലᕈߛߌߢߥߊޔߘߩᅷᒰᕈߣวᴺᕈߩᩮ ᜚ࠍᱧผ⊛ߦ⸃᣿࡮⺑᣿ߔࠆߣ޿߁ޟᧄᩰ⊛ߥޠቇ⺑ผ⎇ⓥߪޔ1890 ᐕઍߦߥߞߡᢙᄙ ߊ⸳┙ߐࠇޔ౉ቇ⠪ᢙ߽Ⴧ߃ߚᄢቇ㒮ߢޔᄢቇ㒮↢ߦࠃߞߡ㐿ᜏߐࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆޕߣ ߪ޿߃ޔޟ⋥ធޠߢߥ޿ߣߎࠈߦ․ᓽ߇޽ࠆޕߣ޿߁ߩߪޔ1880 ᐕઍᧃ߆ࠄ 1910 ᐕߊ ࠄ޿߹ߢߩᄢቇ㒮↢㧔߹ߐߦޔ20 ਎♿ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ⚻ᷣቇߩၮ␆ࠍᒻ૞ߞߡ޿ߞߚ⚻ᷣቇ⠪㧕 ߩቇ૏⺰ᢥߪޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߢ⊒↢ߒߡ޿ߚ᭽ޘߥ໧㗴ޔߚߣ߃߫㑐⒢ޔ⒅⒢೙ᐲޔഭ૶㑐 ଥޔⶄᧄ૏೙ޔ㋕㆏໧㗴ޔ࠻࡜ࠬ࠻ߣ޿ߞߚޟ⃻ታ⊛ߥ໧㗴ޠߩ⠨ኤ߇ᄢㇱಽߢ޽ࠅޔ ℂ⺰⊛⎇ⓥߣ޿߁ࠃࠅ߽ޔᱧผ⊛࡮೙ᐲ⊛ಽᨆ߇ᄙ߆ߞߚޕߛ߇ޔඳ჻⺰ᢥࠍ➙߼ࠆㆊ ⒟ߢᓐࠄ߇ᖠߺޔᮨ⚝ߒߚޟᧄᒰߩޠ໧㗴ߪޔ໧㗴ࠍಣℂߔࠆߚ߼ߩᣇᴺߣℂ⺰ߦ޽ߞ ߚߪߕߢ޽ࠆޕߔߢߦࠗ࡯࡝࡯ߣࡧࠚࡉ࡟ࡦ߆ࠄ∩ὓߦᛕ್ߐࠇߡ޿ߚฎౖᵷ⚻ᷣቇߩ ߘࠇߦޟ቟ᤃߦޠ┙ߜᚯࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ߆ࠄޔᒰὼߩߎߣߥ߇ࠄޔᄢቇ㒮↢ߩ⋡ ߪ A.ࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߩේℂߦ㓸ਛߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚޕ⸒޿឵߃ࠆߣޔ1890 ᐕએ㒠ޔࠕࡔ࡝ ࠞߩᄢቇ㒮ᢎ⢒ߦ߅ߌࠆ⚻ᷣℂ⺰ߪޔၮᧄ⊛ߦࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߩߘࠇߢ޽ߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ ޽ࠆޕߎߩߎߣߪޔ1920 ᐕઍߦߥߞߡޔ߹ߔ߹ߔᄢቇᢎ⢒߇ᄢⴐൻߒߡ޿ߞߚᤨઍߦޔ ᄙߊߩޟ⚻ᷣቇේℂޠߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻߇ޔࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ࠍขࠅㄟߺߥ߇ࠄ✬߹ࠇߡ޿ߞߚߣ޿ ߁੐ታߦ⃻ࠇߡ߅ࠅޔߚߣ߃߫ࠗ࡯࡝࡯ߩޟ⚻ᷣቇේℂޠߪޔA.ࡗࡦࠣ߇ℂ⺰⊛ߥㇱಽ ࠍ౒หၫ╩ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡᄁࠇ╭ߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߦߥߞߚޕ ࠼ࠗ࠷ࠍᚻᧄߦߒߚ࠮ࡒ࠽࡯ᣇᑼߩᄢቇ㒮ᢎ⢒ߪޔߘߩᓟߩޟᢎ⢒ᣇᑼޠߣセߴࠆߣޔ

－137－ ၮᧄ⊛ߦޟ࿑ᦠ㙚ਛᔃߩ⁛ቇᣇᑼޠߢ޽ߞߚ߆ࠄޔ⃻ታߩ᡽╷໧㗴ࠍޔᱧผߣ೙ᐲߩಽ ᨆࠍਛᔃߦඳ჻⺰ᢥߦ➙߼ߚ⧯޿⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߩߥ߆߆ࠄޔᤨ㑆⊛೙⚂ࠁ߃ߦᱷߐߑࠆࠍ߃ ߥ߆ߞߚޟℂ⺰ޠㇱಽߩ┙ߜ౉ߞߚ⎇ⓥޔߟ߹ࠅޔ⃻ታߩ᡽╷໧㗴ࠍޔᱧผ⊛࡮ℂ⺰⊛ ߦ⠨ኤߔࠆߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢ࿕᦭ߩޟቇ⺑ผ⊛⎇ⓥޠߦ┙ߜะ߆߁ޟቇ⺑ผኅޠ㧔ߣ๭ࠎߢ⦟ ޿ߣߔࠇ߫㧕߇⊓႐ߒᆎ߼ࠆ㧔൩⺰ޔ଀ᄖ߽޽ࠆޕᦨ߽᦭ฬߥߩߪޔ࠮࡝ࠣࡑࡦᢥᐶࠍ ෼㓸ߒߚ⽷᡽ቇߩኾ㐷ኅ E.R.A. Seligman ߢ޽ࠅޔޟࠝ࡯࠙ࠚࡦߣࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎ␠ળਥ⟵ޠ ߿ޟᔓࠇࠄࠇߚ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ޠߥߤߩᅢ⺰ᢥࠍၫ╩ߒߚ㧕ޕᚒ߇࿖ߢᦨ߽ࠃߊ⍮ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚߩ ߪޔ߅ߘࠄߊޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼࠙⎇ⓥ㧔1910㧕߿࿾㊄࡮ㅢ⽻⺰੎⎇ⓥߢ᦭ฬߥ J.ࡎ࡜ࡦ࠳࡯ߢ ޽ࠈ߁ޕዋߒㆃࠇߡޔߒ߆ߒඳ჻⺰ᢥߣߒߡޟ⾌↪᭎ᔨޠߩℂ⺰ผࠍ⠨ኤߒߚ H.J.࠳ࡧ ࠚࡦࡐ࡯࠻ߩ Value and Distribution: A Critical and ConstructiveStudy,1908㧔⃻ઍߢ ߪޟᯏળ⾌↪ޠ᭎ᔨߢߒ߆⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿߇㧕ޔ⚐ℂ⺰⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߩ࠳ࡧࠚࡦࡐ࡯࠻ࠃ ࠅᐢ޿ⷞ㊁߆ࠄߩ⎇ⓥߢ޽ࠆవߦᜰ៰ߒߚ L.H.ࡂࡀ࡯ߩޟ⚻ᷣቇผޠ㧔1911㧕ߥߤ߇ߘ ߩઍ⴫଀ߢ޽ࠆޕޡ࿖ን⺰ޢೀⴕ 150 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨ⺰ᢥ㓸ߣߒߡ⊒⴫ߐࠇߚ Adam Smith, 1776-1926(1928)ߪޔቇ⺑ผ⊛⊒ዷㆊ⒟ޔᣇᴺ⺰⊛․ᓽޔ⃻ઍߣߩ㑐ㅪᕈޔޡ㆏ᓼᗵᖱߩ ℂ⺰ޢ߳ߩᵈ⋡ߣ⸃᣿ߥߤޔ⺰ᢥ㓸ߣߪޔߎߩᤨᦼߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ⚻ᷣቇߩ․ᓽࠍ૕⃻ߔࠆ ޟ⚻ᷣቇผޠߢ޽ࠆޕ➙߼ࠄࠇࠆߩߪ 1930 ᐕઍߦߥࠆ߇ޔ㊀໡ਥ⟵એ㒠ߩᄖ࿖⾏ᤃℂ ⺰ࠍਛᔃߦߒߚ J.ࡧࠔࠗ࠽࡯ߩ Studies in the Theory of International Trade,1937 ߪޔ ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⎇ⓥߩౖဳߢ޽ࠆޕߣߪ޿߃ޔࡧࠔࠗ࠽࡯ߪޔࠪࠞࠧ࿷☋ᤨઍߪ࿖㓙⚻ᷣቇ ߩℂ⺰⎇ⓥߣቇㇱ↢ߩᢎ⢒ߦᔔߒߊޔ᥅ᐕߩࡊ࡝ࡦࠬ࠻ࡦᤨઍߦᛂߜㄟࠎߛቬᢎߣ⚻ᷣ ቇߣߩ㑐ଥࠍជࠅਅߍߚޟቇผ⎇ⓥ㧩⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥޠߩዷ㐿ࠍ⷗ࠆߣޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߢޟቇ ⺑ผኅޠߣߒߡ⎇ⓥߦㆳㅴߔࠆߩߪޔኈᤃߢߪߥ߆ߞߚߎߣ߇ࠃߊಽ߆ࠆޕ⚿ዪޔޟ೙ᐲ ൻޠߩⷰὐࠍ౉ࠇߡ⠨߃ߡߺߡ߽ޔޟ⚻ᷣቇผޠ߇⏕ታߦޟᒻᚑߐࠇߚޠߩߪޔ1920 ᐕ ઍߦߥߞߡߩߎߣߢߪߥ޿ߛࠈ߁߆ޕ 1920 ᐕઍߦᄢቇ㒮ߢޟ⚻ᷣቇผޔᕁᗐผޠࠍ Ph.D.⺰ᢥߦ߹ߣ߼ޔߘߩᓟޟ⚻ᷣቇผޠ ᜂᒰᢎ᝼ߣߒߡࡔࠫࡖ࡯ߥᄢቇߩࡐࠬ࠻ࠍභ߼ߚᄢ‛ߣߒߡߪޔࠦࡠࡦࡆࠕᄢቇߩ J. Dorfman ߣࡂ࡯ࡧࠔ࡯࠼ᄢቇߩ Overton H. Taylor ࠍᜰ៰ߢ߈ࠃ߁ޕ೨⠪ߪࡒ࠶࠴ࠚ࡞ ߩᒉሶߢޔ⧯޿ߎࠈߩࡧࠚࡉ࡟ࡦ⎇ⓥ߽޽ࠆ߇ޔో 5 Ꮞ߆ࠄߥࠆ The Economic Mind in American Civilization㧦1606-1933(1949-1959)ߪޔၮᧄ⊛ߥⷰὐߪ೙ᐲਥ⟵ߦ⟎߆ࠇߡ ޿ࠆߣߪ޿߃ޔޟࠕࡔ࡝ࠞᢥൻผߩߥ߆ߢߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผޠߩㅢผ⊛࡮✂⟜⊛ߥ⎇ⓥߣߒߡޔ ߹ߐߦ಴⦡ߩ૞ຠߢ޽ࠆޕᓟ⠪ߪޔA.ࡗࡦࠣߩᒉሶߢޔ1960 ᐕઍߩᮡḰ⊛ߥޟ⚻ᷣቇผޠ ߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ A History of Economic Thought,1960 ߢ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ ߣߪ޿߃ޔߎߩ਎ઍએ㒠ޔߟ߹ࠅ 1970 ᐕઍએ㒠ߦߥࠆߣޔࡔࠫࡖ࡯ߥᄢቇ㒮ߢߪޟ⚻ ᷣቇผޠߪޔᢎ⢒ߣߒߡ߽ޔ⎇ⓥߣߒߡ߽ૐ⺞ߦߥߞߡ޿ߊޕޟᛕ್⊛ߥ⚻ᷣቇ⊛ᕁ⠨ޠ ߪޔ߽ߪ߿␠ળ⊛ߥ㔛ⷐ߇ߥߊߥߞߚߣ߽⸒߃ࠃ߁߇ޔޟಽᬺߩᄢ߈ߐߪޔᏒ႐ߩᄢ߈ߐ ߢ᳿߹ࠆޠߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߪޔޟฎ޿⚻ᷣቇޠࠍᛕ್ߒޔ⥄ࠄߩ߽ߟᗧ⟵ߣᱜᒰᕈࠍᱧผ⊛ߦ ┙⸽ߔࠆᔅⷐᕈࠍ߽ߟޟᣂߒ޿⚻ᷣቇޠ߇บ㗡ߒߡ޿ߥ޿ޔߣ޿߁ߎߣߥߩߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ

－138－ ࡟ࠝࡦ࡮ࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߩ⚻ᷣቇผⷰ́⚐☴࡮␠ળ࡮ᔕ↪⚻ᷣቇߩ⿠Ḯ

ᓮፒടઍሶ 㧔ṑ⾐ᄢቇ⚻ᷣቇㇱ㧕

ߪߓ߼ߦ

﹇第二日目﹈ ᧄႎ๔ߩ⋡⊛ߪޔ࡟ࠝࡦ࡮ࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ㧔Léon Walras, 1834-1910㧕߇ޔ⚐☴⚻ᷣቇ࡮␠ળ 第一会場 ⚻ᷣቇ࡮ᔕ↪⚻ᷣቇߩ૕♽ࠍ᭴▽ߔࠆ㓙ߦޔߤߩࠃ߁ߦㆊ෰ߩ⚻ᷣቇ⺑ࠍ⎇ⓥߒޔߤߩࠃ ߁ߦ⚻ᷣቇผࠍ⸃㉼ߒߚ߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍޔ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕ ࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ⥄りߪޔ⚻ᷣቇผࠍ࠹࡯ࡑߣߒߚ⪺૞ࠍᱷߒߚࠊߌߢߪߥ޿ޕߒ߆ߒޔࡑ࡞ࠢ ࠬ߿ࠤࠗࡦ࠭ߥߤઁߩ⚻ᷣቇߩᏂੱߚߜߣห᭽ޔࡢ࡞࡜߽ࠬㆊ෰ߩ⚻ᷣቇ⺑ߩ✎ኒߥ⠨ኤ ߦࠃߞߡޔ⥄ࠄߩ⚻ᷣቇࠍ▽߈਄ߍߚޕߚߛߒߎࠇߪޔࠪࡘࡦࡍ࡯࠲࡯߇␜ߔࠃ߁ߥනߥ ࠆޟ⚐☴⚻ᷣቇ㧩৻⥸ဋⴧℂ⺰ޠߩᒻᚑผߢߪߥ޿ޕࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ⥄りߪޔ㕍ᐕᤨઍ߆ࠄᄙߊ ߩ⚻ᷣቇ⠪߿␠ળਥ⟵⠪ࠍޔ␠ળ⚻ᷣቇ࡮ᔕ↪⚻ᷣቇ߽฽߻ᐢ޿ⷞ㊁ߢߣࠅ޽ߍޔߘߎ߆ ࠄᄙᄢߥࠆᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆޕᄙߊߩ⎇ⓥ⠪߇ޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߩ৻⥸ဋⴧℂ⺰ߩ⿠Ḯߦߟ޿ߡ ⎇ⓥࠍ㊀ߨߡ߈ߚ߇ޔ⚐☴⚻ᷣቇߩߺߥࠄߕޔᔕ↪⚻ᷣቇߣ␠ળ⚻ᷣቇࠍ߽ⷞ㊁ߦ౉ࠇߚ ࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ⚻ᷣቇߩᒻᚑㆊ⒟ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔߘߩ⹦⚦߇߶ߣࠎߤ⍮ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠄߕޔ⺋⸃ߐࠇߡ ޿ࠆㇱಽ߽ዋߥߊߥ޿ޕ ߽ߜࠈࠎᓥ᧪ߩ⎇ⓥผߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ࡮ࡕ࠺࡞ߩℂ⺰⊛․ᓽࠍ⺰ߓࠆߚ߼ߦޔฎ ౖᵷߣߩ㑐ଥ߇ߣࠅ޽ߍࠄࠇࠆߎߣ߽޽ߞߚޕߒ߆ߒߎࠇߪࠗࠡ࡝ࠬฎౖᵷࠍਛᔃゲߦᝪ ߃ߚޟฎౖᵷޠኻޟᣂฎౖᵷޠߣ޿߁⃻ઍߩ໧㗴ᗧ⼂ߦၮߠ޿ߚࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴߇ᄙ߆ߞߚޕ ⏕߆ߦࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߪޡ⚐☴⚻ᷣቇⷐ⺰ޢߩਛߢ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼߿ࡒ࡞ߦ⸒෸ߒߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔታ㓙ߦߪ ࡢ࡞࡜߽ࠬ⹺߼ࠆㅢࠅޔࠗࠡ࡝ࠬฎౖᵷ߆ࠄߩ⋥ធ⊛ᓇ㗀ߪήߦ╬ߒ޿ޕ߹ߚᓐ⥄りߩࠗ ࠡ࡝ࠬߩฎౖᵷߦኻߔࠆ⷗ᣇߪޔ⃻࿷ߩ৻⥸⊛⸃㉼ߣߪ߆ߥࠅ㆑߁ㇱಽ߽⷗ฃߌࠄࠇࠆޕ ߘߎߦࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ⚻ᷣቇࠍ⢒ࠎߛᕁᗐ⊛ᱧผ⊛⁁ᴫߩ෻ᤋࠍߺࠆߎߣ߽ߢ߈ࠆߒޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ ߩᕁᗐߩ⁛⥄ᕈࠍ⺒ߺขࠆߎߣ߽ߢ߈ࠆޕ ߎߩࠃ߁ߦޔߎߩ࠹࡯ࡑࠍߣࠅ޽ߍࠆߎߣߪޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߩᕁᗐࠍᷓߊℂ⸃ߔࠆߚ߼ߛߌ ߢߪߥߊޔ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߦߣߞߡ⚻ᷣቇผ⎇ⓥߩᗧ⟵߿ޔ⃻ઍ⊛ߥ⸃㉼ߣߪ⇣ߥߞߚ⚻ᷣቇผ ⷰߥߤࠍ␜ߔߚ߼ߦ߽᦭ലߢ޽ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ  㧝㧚 ࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ⚐☴⚻ᷣቇߩ⿠Ḯߣࡈ࡜ࡦࠬߩવ⛔㧙ࠪࡘࡦࡍ࡯࠲࡯ߩ⸃㉼ ࠍ߼ߋߞߡ

 ࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߪޔ㒢⇇ല↪ℂ⺰ߣ৻⥸ဋⴧℂ⺰ߩ⸳┙ߦࠃࠅޔ⃻ઍ⚻ᷣቇߩ␲ߣߥߞߚޕᓥ ߞߡޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ⚻ᷣቇߩᒻᚑㆊ⒟ࠍ໧߁ߎߣߪޔ⃻ઍ⚻ᷣቇߩ⿠Ḯࠍ␜ߔߎߣߦ߽ߟߥ߇

－139－ ࠅޔᄙߊߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߚߜ߇ߣࠅߊࠎߢ߈ߚޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߩฎౖ⊛ߥ଀ߣߒߡ޽ߍ ࠄࠇߩ߇ޔࠪࡘࡦࡍ࡯࠲࡯ޡ⚻ᷣಽᨆߩᱧผޢ㧔1954㧕ߢ޽ࠆޕ  ࠪࡘࡦࡍ࡯࠲࡯ߪޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߩ⚐☴⚻ᷣቇߔߥࠊߜ৻⥸ဋⴧℂ⺰ߩ⏕┙ࠍޔ⚻ᷣቇผ਄ ᦨ㜞ߩ⽸₂ߣ⛘⾥ߒޔ⚻ᷣቇߩᱧผࠍߘߎߦ೔㆐ߔࠆࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߣߒߡߣࠄ߃ࠃ߁ߣߒߚޕ ߘߒߡࠪࡘࡦࡍ࡯࠲࡯ߪޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ৻⥸ဋⴧℂ⺰ߩ⿠Ḯࠍޔࡈ࡜ࡦࠬߩવ⛔ߩਛߦ⷗޿ߛ ߘ߁ߣߒߚޕࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ⥄り߇ޡ⚐☴⚻ᷣቇⷐ⺰ޢߩਛߢ⹺߼ߡ޿ࠆޔῳࠝ࡯ࠡࡘࠬ࠻߿ࠢ ࡞ࡁ࡯ߩᓇ㗀ߛߌߢߥߊޔߐࠄߦߐ߆ߩ߷ߞߡޔࡏࡢࠡ࡞ࡌ࡯࡞߿ࡈࠖࠫࠝࠢ࡜࡯࠻ޔࠗ ࠬ࠽࡯࡞ޔJ.B.࠮࡯ߥߤߦޔࠗࡦࠬࡇ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩḮᴰࠍ⷗޿ߛߘ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕ  ߚߛߒޔࠪࡘࡦࡍ࡯࠲࡯ߪޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߩ⚻ᷣቇ૕♽ࠍ᭴ᚑߔࠆઁߩੑߟߩಽ㊁ޟ␠ળ⚻ ᷣቇޠߣޟᔕ↪⚻ᷣቇޠߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ߈ࠊ߼ߡૐ޿⹏ଔࠍਅߒߡ޿ߚޕߒ߆ߒࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ⥄ りߪߣ޿߃߫ޔ⚐☴⚻ᷣቇߪޔᱜ⟵ࠍේℂߣߔࠆ␠ળ⚻ᷣቇߣല↪ࠍේℂߣߔࠆᔕ↪⚻ᷣ ቇߩၮ␆ℂ⺰ߦߔ߉ߕޔߎߩਃߟ߇ቢᚑߒߡೋ߼ߡޔ౏ᱜߣല₸߇ਔ┙ߔࠆ␠ળࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ ࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߚ߼ߩℂ⺰⊛ᜰ㊎߇␜ߖࠆߣޔ↢ᶦାߓߡ޿ߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ  ߎߩਃߟߩ⚻ᷣቇ૕♽ߩ㑐ଥࠍ◲ẖߦ␜ߖ߫ߟ߉ߩࠃ߁ߦߥࠆޕࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߪޔ⚐☴⚻ᷣ ቇߦ߅޿ߡ⥄↱┹੎ߩല₸ᕈ㧔ߔߴߡߩᏒ႐ෳട⠪ߩḩ⿷ᭂᄢ㧕ߣޔㅴᱠߔࠆ␠ળߦ߅ߌ ࠆ࿾ଔߣ࿾ઍߩ਄᣹㧔⒘ዋᕈଔ୯ℂ⺰ߦࠃࠆ㧕ߣ޿߁ੑߟߩቯℂࠍ⸽᣿ߒޔߘࠇࠍᩮ᜚ߣ ߒߡޔ␠ળ⚻ᷣቇߦ߅޿ߡޔ࿯࿾࿖᦭ൻ⺰ߣഭ⾓఺⒢ߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍਥᒛߒޔᔕ↪⚻ᷣቇߦ ߅޿ߡ⃻ታ⚻ᷣߦ߅ߌࠆ⥄↱┹੎ߩ⚵❱ൻޔ࿖ኅߩᏒ႐੺౉ᣇᴺࠍឭ⸒ߒߚޕ  ߘߎߢޔߎߩࠃ߁ߥਃߟߩ⚻ᷣቇ૕♽ࠍⷞ㊁ߦ౉ࠇߚޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ⚻ᷣቇߩ⿠Ḯࠍࡈ࡜ࡦ ࠬߩ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߚߜߦ⷗޿ߛߘ߁ߣߔࠆߣޔߤߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ߆ޔࡈࠖࠫࠝࠢ࡜࡯࠻ޔ ࠗࠬ࠽࡯࡞ޔJ.B.࠮࡯ࠍ଀ߦޔ߹ߕ␜ߒߡ޿߈ߚ޿ޕ  㧝㧚ࡈࠖࠫࠝࠢ࡜࡯࠻

ࠪࡘࡦࡍ࡯࠲࡯ߪޔࠤࡀ࡯ߩ⚻ᷣ⴫ߦߪ⚻ᷣ⻉ⷐ⚛ߩ⋧੕ଐሽ㑐ଥߣ޿߁᭎ ᔨ߇฽߹ࠇޔหᤨߦࠤࡀ࡯߇ᶖ⾌⠪ߩ᰼ᦸࠍၮ␆ߦଔᩰࠍಽᨆߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡ ޿ߚߣ޿߁ὐࠍᒝ⺞ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ৻⥸ဋⴧℂ⺰ߩ⿠Ḯࠍߘߎ ߦ␜ߘ߁ߣߒߚޕ  ࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ⥄りߪޔޡ⚐☴⚻ᷣቇⷐ⺰ޢߦ߅޿ߡޔઁߩᄙߊߩ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߚߜߣ ห᭽ޔㄘᬺߩߺࠍ↢↥⊛ߣߔࠆࡈࠖࠫࠝࠢ࡜࡯࠻ߩਥᒛࠍᛕ್ߒޔ㕖‛⾰⊛ ߥንߩ᭎ᔨߩᰳᅤࠍߘߩේ࿃ߣߒߚޕ߹ߚ⚻ᷣ⴫ߦߪଔᩰℂ⺰߇ᰳᅤߒߡ޿ ࠆߚ߼ߦޔਈઙߣᧂ⍮ᢙ߇ᷙหߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߽ᜰ៰ߒߚޕ  ߒ߆ߒߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⚐☴⚻ᷣቇ਄ߩ㒢⇇ߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ߇ࡈࠖࠫ ࠝࠢ࡜࡯࠻ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߩߪޔᓐࠄߩ࿯࿾න৻⒢ߩਥᒛߣࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߩ␠ળ⚻ᷣ ቇߦ߅ߌࠆ࿯࿾࿖᦭ൻ⺰ޔᓐࠄߩ⥄↱┹੎ߩਥᒛߣࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߩᔕ↪⚻ᷣቇߦ ߅ߌࠆ↢↥߳ߩ⥄↱┹੎ේℂߩㆡ↪ߩਥᒛߣߩ㑆ߦ౒ㅢὐ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ߆ࠄߢ

－140－ ޽ࠆޕ

㧞㧚ࠗࠬ࠽࡯࡞

 ᄙᢙ໡ຠߩ੤឵ଔ୯ࠍㅪ┙ᣇ⒟ᑼߦࠃߞߡޔผ਄ೋ߼ߡ⴫⃻ߒߚࠗࠬ࠽࡯ ࡞ߪޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ৻⥸ဋⴧℂ⺰ߩవ㚟⠪ߣߒߡޔࠪࡘࡦࡍ࡯࠲࡯ߦ޽ߍࠄࠇޔ ߘߩᓟޔߘߩਥᒛߪࠫࡖ࠶ࡈࠚࠍߪߓ߼ߣߔࠆ⎇ⓥ⠪ߚߜ߆ࠄ߽ᵈ⋡ߐࠇߚޕ ﹇第二日目﹈ ታ㓙ޔንߩಽ㘃ޔㅪ┙ᣇ⒟ᑼߩ૶↪ޔଔ୯ዤᐲ⽷ߩណ↪ޔ⚐෼౉₸ߩଔᩰ᳿ 第一会場 ቯᴺߥߤޔࠗࠬ࠽࡯࡞ߣࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߩ⚐☴⚻ᷣቇ߇౒᦭ߔࠆಽᨆ㆏ౕߪᄙ޿ޕ ታ㓙ޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߪޡ⚐☴⚻ᷣቇⷐ⺰ޢߩ⊒⴫ᓟޔࠫࠚࡧࠜࡦ࠭ߣᢙℂ⚻ᷣቇ ⠪ߩవ㚟⠪࡝ࠬ࠻ࠍ૞ᚑߒޔߘߎߦߎߩࠗࠬ࠽࡯࡞ߩฬࠍ޽ߍߚޕ  ߒ߆ߒࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ߇ታ㓙ޔ⚐☴⚻ᷣቇߩᒻᚑㆊ⒟ߦ߅޿ߡޔታ㓙ߦ޿߆ߥࠆ ᓇ㗀ࠍ߁ߌߚߩ߆ޔᬌ⸽ߔࠆߎߣߪ㔍ߒ޿ޕῳࠝ࡯ࠡࡘࠬ࠻ߦ߽ޔ߹ߚೋᦼ ߩࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߩ⪺૞ߦ߽ࠗࠬ࠽࡯࡞ߩฬߪ৻ᐲ߽⊓႐ߒߥ޿߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕ  ዋߒ⷗ᣇࠍ߆߃ߡޔࡈࠖࠫࠝࠢ࡜࡯࠻ߣ߶߷หᤨઍੱߢ޽ࠆࠗࠬ࠽࡯࡞ߩ ᡽╷⊛ᗧ࿑ࠍ⠨ኤߒߡߺࠆߣޔߘࠇߪ৻⽾ߒߡࡈࠖࠫࠝࠢ࡜࡯࠻ߩ࿯࿾න৻ ⒢ߦኻߔࠆᛕ್ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆޕߎߩࠃ߁ߦ⚐☴⚻ᷣቇߦ߅޿ߡߪᄙߊ ߩ㘃ૃὐ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔ␠ળ⚻ᷣቇߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߪޔࠗࠬ࠽࡯࡞ ߣࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߩ᣿⏕ߥᢿ⛘߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆޕ

㧟㧚J.B.࠮࡯

 ࠮࡯ߪޔࠪࡘࡦࡍ࡯࠲࡯߇⠨߃ࠆࡈ࡜ࡦࠬߩવ⛔ߩ㊀ⷐߥⷐ⚛ޟല↪ଔ୯ ⺰ޠߩ♽⼆ߦዻߒޔࠪࡘࡦࡍ࡯࠲࡯ߦߥࠄߞߡޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ߿⃻ઍ⚻ᷣቇ߳ߩ ᓇ㗀߽ߘߩࠃ߁ߥⷰὐߢߣࠄ߃ࠄࠇࠆߎߣ߽ᄙ޿ޕ  ߒ߆ߒታ㓙ߦߪޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߩ⚐☴⚻ᷣቇߣ␠ળ⚻ᷣቇߩၮ␆ߣߥࠆ⒘ዋᕈ ߩଔ୯ℂ⺰ߪޔ࠮࡯ߩਥⷰ⊛ଔ୯ℂ⺰ߩᛕ್ࠍᗧ࿑ߒߚῳࠝ࡯ࠡࡘࠬ࠻ߩ⒘ ዋᕈ᭎ᔨࠍ߆ࠄ಴⊒ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߪᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆޕࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ߇ߎߩ⒘ዋ ᕈ᭎ᔨߦ㒢⇇ല↪ߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ࠍઃߒߚߩߪޔޡ⚐☴⚻ᷣቇⷐ⺰ޢࠍ౏ೀߔࠆ⋥ ೨ߢ޽ࠆޕ ߹ߚ⚐☴⚻ᷣቇߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߅޿ߡޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ⥄りߪޔ࠮࡯߆ࠄ࿯࿾ޔੱ⊛ ⢻ജޔ⾗ᧄߩਃߟߩࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ⺰ࠍฃߌ⛮޿ߛߎߣࠍ⹺߼ߡ޿ࠆޔ߹ߚડᬺ⠪ ᭎ᔨߥߤޔઁߦ߽ᄙߊߩಽᨆ㆏ౕࠍቇࠎߛߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕ ߒ߆ߒࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߩ␠ળ⚻ᷣቇߦᄙᄢߥࠆᓇ㗀ࠍ߅ࠃ߷ߒߚޔῳࠝ࡯ࠡࡘࠬ ࠻ߩᚲ᦭ℂ⺰ߪޔߘ߽ߘ߽࠮࡯ߩ⚻ᷣቇ߇ല↪ߩታ⃻ߩߺࠍ⋡ᜰߒޔᱜ⟵ߩ ⷰὐ߇ోߊᛮߌ⪭ߜߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦኻߔࠆ෻⺰ߣߒߡޔ᭴▽ߐࠇߚޕߘߩߚ߼ޔ

－141－ ࡢ࡞࡜߽ࠬ⥄ࠄߩ⚻ᷣቇ૕♽ࠍ᭴▽ߔࠆߦᒰߚߞߡޔ࠮࡯ߩ⚻ᷣቇᣇᴺ⺰ࠍ ỗߒߊᛕ್ߒߚޕߘߩઁޔ࠮࡯߿࠮࡯ቇᵷ߇ᢙቇࠍ⚻ᷣቇߦㆡ↪ߔࠆߎߣࠍ ⹺߼ߥ߆ߞߚߎߣߥߤޔ␠ળ⚻ᷣቇ߿⚻ᷣቇᣇᴺ⺰ߦ߅޿ߡߪޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߣ ࠮࡯ߩ㊀ⷐߥኻ┙ὐߪᄙߊሽ࿷ߔࠆޕ  ߹ߚࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߩᔕ↪⚻ᷣቇ߇ޔ࿖ኅߩ੺౉ߦࠃߞߡ⥄↱┹੎ࠍ⚵❱ൻߔ ࠆߣ޿߁ߣ޿߁ਥᒛ߇ޔ࠮࡯߿࠮࡯ቇᵷߩ⥄↱᡼છߩਥᒛߣኻ┙ߔࠆߎߣ߽ ࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߪᒝ⺞ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ

㧞㧚 ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬฎౖᵷߣࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ㧙ฎౖᵷ㨢㨟ᣂฎౖᵷߩ࿑ᑼࠍߎ߃ߡ

   ࠪࡘࡦࡍ࡯࠲࡯߇ᜰ៰ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߪࠕ࠳ࡓ࡮ࠬࡒࠬࠍߪߓ߼ߣߔࠆ ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬฎౖᵷߩ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߚߜߦޔᒻᑼ⊛ߥᢘᗧߪߪࠄߞߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔߘߩ⚻ᷣቇᒻᚑ ㆊ⒟ߦ߅޿ߡ߁ߌߚ⋥ធ⊛ߥᓇ㗀ߪ߶ߣࠎߤ⷗ᒰߚࠄߥ޿ޕߒ߆ߒޔޟฎౖᵷ㨢㨟ᣂฎ ౖᵷޠߣ޿߁⃻ઍ⊛ߥ࿑ᑼߦߚߞߡޔࠗࠡ࡝ࠬฎౖᵷߣߩᲧセߢޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߩ⚻ᷣቇ ߩ․ᓽࠍߣࠄ߃ࠃ߁ߣߔࠆޔ⎇ⓥ⠪ߚߜߪ߿ߪࠅᄙ޿ޕ

㧝㧚ࠕ࠳ࡓ࡮ࠬࡒࠬ

ࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߪޔ㕍ᐕᤨઍޔῳ߆ࠄฃߌ⛮޿ߛ⒘ዋᕈଔ୯⺰ߩᱜᒰᕈࠍ⺑ߊߦ ޽ߚߞߡޔᄙߊߩฎౖᵷ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߚߜߩቇ⺑ࠍᒁ↪ߒߚޕࠕ࠳ࡓ࡮ࠬࡒࠬߩ ഭ௛ଔ୯⺰ߦ߽⸒෸ߒߚ߇ޔ⥝๧ᷓ޿ߎߣߪޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬῳሶߪޔߘࠇ߇ޔࠤ ࡀ࡯ߩ⁜޿ንⷰࠍ⿥߃ࠆ߽ߩߛߣߪ⠨߃ߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕ࿯࿾ߩ↢↥‛ ߩߺࠍንߣߒߚޔࠤࡀ࡯ࠍᛕ್ߔࠆ߇ޔഭ௛↢↥‛ߩߺࠍንߣߒߚࠕ࠳ࡓ࡮ ࠬࡒࠬߦኻߒߡ߽หߓࠃ߁ߦᛕ್ߔࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕ࿯࿾ߣഭ௛㧔ࠗࡦ࠳ࠬ࠻࡝ ࠖࠍ฽߻㧕ߪޔੑߟߩᩮḮ⊛ߥንߢ޽ࠅޔߘߩᗧ๧ߢࠬࡒࠬߣࠤࡀ࡯ߪ⛔ว ߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ޕߘࠇࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆߩ߇⒘ዋᕈߩଔ୯ℂ⺰ߢ޽ࠆߣࡢ ࡞࡜ࠬߪ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚޕ  ࿯࿾⥄૕ߦଔ୯߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍ⹺߼ߥ޿ቇᵷߪޔߔߴߡߩንߩᚲ᦭ࠍ୘ੱ ߩ⑳᦭ߦᏫߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡߒ߹ߞߚߣޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߪ޿߁ޕߎߩᛕ್ߪޔࠗ ࠡ࡝ࠬฎౖᵷߩಽ㈩ℂ⺰৻⥸ߦ߽ะߌࠄࠇࠆޕ

㧞㧚࡝ࠞ࡯࠼ߣ J.S.ࡒ࡞  ࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ߇ῳࠝ࡯ࠡࡘࠬ࠻߆ࠄฃߌ⛮޿ߛޟㅴᱠߔࠆ␠ળߦ߅ߌࠆଔᩰᄌേ ߩᴺೣޠߪޔ⾗ᧄ⫾ⓍߣੱญჇടߦߣ߽ߥ޿ޔ࿾ઍߣ࿾ଔߛߌ߇਄᣹ߒޔ⾓

－142－ ⃻ߪ৻ቯޔ೑ሶ₸ߪૐਅߔࠆߣ޿߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕߎࠇߪޔޡ⚐☴⚻ᷣቇⷐ⺰ޢ ߩᓟඨㇱಽߦ߅ߐ߼ࠄࠇޔߎߩേᘒ⊛ߥᴺೣ߇ޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߩ⚐☴⚻ᷣቇߦ߅ ޿ߡߤߩࠃ߁ߥᗧ๧ࠍᜬߟߩ߆ߣ޿߁ߩ߇ޔ᦭ฬߥࠫࡖ࠶ࡈࠚ㧩᫪᎑⺰੎ߩ ࠹࡯ࡑߢ޽ߞߚ߇ޔߎߩᴺೣ߇ޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߩ⚐☴⚻ᷣቇ⸳┙ߩേᯏߩ৻ߟߢ ޽ࠆߎߣߪ㑆㆑޿ߥ޿ޕ  ߎߩᴺೣ߇৻⷗ߒߚߣߎࠈޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼ߩಽ㈩ᴺೣߦ㘃ૃߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄޔ ᫪᎑ߪߐࠄߦࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߣ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼ߩ㘃ૃὐࠍᜰ៰ߒޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬࠍޟฎౖᵷޠ ﹇第二日目﹈ ߣ߹ߢ⸒޿ಾߞߚޕ ৻ᣇޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ⥄りߪޔ࡝ࠞ࡯࠼ߩᏅ㗵࿾ઍ⺰ߣ J.S. 第一会場 ࡒ࡞ߩ⾓㊄ၮ㊄⺑ߦኻߒߡߪޔ᥅ᐕ߹ߢỗߒ޿ᛕ್ࠍዷ㐿ߒߡ޿ߚޕ  ߎߩ⻘ࠍ⸃ߊߚ߼ߦߪޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߩ␠ળ⚻ᷣቇߩ಴⊒ὐߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆޔࡢ ࡞࡜ࠬῳሶߩ෻␠ળᄾ⚂⺰⊛ߥ␠ળⷰߦ߹ߢ⋡ࠍะߌࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆޕ߹ߚห ᤨߦޔޟଔ୯ᄌേߩᴺೣޠߩᩮ᜚ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆଔ୯ℂ⺰߇ޔࠗࠡ࡝ࠬฎౖᵷߣ ߪ߹ߞߚߊ⇣ߥࠆߎߣࠍ⏕⹺ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠈ߁ޕߘߒߡ࿾ઍޕ⾓㊄ޔ೑ሶ߇ ઁߩ↢↥‛ߩଔᩰ᳿ቯߣหߓේℂߢ᳿ቯߐࠇࠆߣ޿߁ޔ޿ࠊࠁࠆޟᣂฎౖᵷޠ ⊛ߥ․ᓽࠍ߽ߞߚℂ⺰ߦࡢ࡞࡜ࠬ߇೔㆐ߒߚߩߪޔታߪޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߩ␠ળ⚻ ᷣቇߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽╷⊛ߥਥᒛ߿ޔߘࠇࠍᡰ߃ࠆ␠ળⷰ߇᳿ቯ⊛ߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒ ߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍᔓࠇߡߪߥࠄߥ޿ߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ

߻ߔ߮ߦ߆߃ߡ

 એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߥ⺰ὐ߆ࠄޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߪޔㆊ෰ߩ⚻ᷣቇ⺑ࠍᬌ⸽ߔࠆߦ޽ߚߞߡ߽ޔ⚐☴⚻ ᷣቇߩߺ⁛┙ߒߚ⠨ኤࠍ᳿ߒߡⴕߞߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆޕᓐߦߣߞߡ⚻ᷣቇߣߪޔ ޽ߊ߹ߢ߽⃻ታ␠ળߦ߅޿ߡല₸ߣ౏ᱜ߇ਔ┙ߔࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߚ߼ߩᚻᲑߢ޽ࠅޔ ⚐☴⚻ᷣቇߦኻߔࠆਗޘߥࠄߧᾲᗧ߽ޔߘߩࠃ߁ߥࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߩ૶๮ᗵ߆ࠄ߽ℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆޕ ߐߡߎߩࠃ߁ߥⷰὐ߆ࠄޔࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߪޔ⥄ಽ⥄りߩ⚻ᷣቇผ߳ߩ⽸₂ࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⠨߃ ߡ޿ߚߩ߆ޕࡢ࡞࡜ࠬߩ੢ߊߥࠆ೨ᐕߦ಴ ߐࠇߚ෹ੱࠪࡖ࡞࡞࡮ࠫ࠶࠼ߩޡ⚻ᷣቇ⺑ผޢ 㧔1909㧕߳ߩࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠍ⚫੺ߒޔߎߩႎ๔ࠍ⚳߃ߚ޿ޕ 㧔ᒰᣣޔࡈ࡞ࡍ࡯ࡄ࡯㈩Ꮣ੍ቯ㧕

－143－ ንአኦ᧹዇ኖእቑᇹ俛䂗ⷵ⚁ᇺ

—₥侏慱㙪㦮቎ርሴቮ俛䂗ⷵ层ቑ⮘⹈—

㪦䞿⟢⷟

ቒሻቤ቎  ᇷ俛䂗䱠ⷵቑ层䍈ሮቬ尚቉ᇬሥቮ摜尐ቍ⒉㧴ℚሯ怆ሶቆቂሶቋ቎岏♙ሾሽ቎ᇬ㒠ᇰቒ 1909 ㄃

ት拝♊቎抐ቭᇬቂቃቄ቎ 1910 ㄃ሯⱚቡቮሮቑቫሩ቎㔀ሩሶቋቒቊሰቍሧᇭಸಸಸ1909 ㄃᧱㦗቎ኮ

዇ቑ዆ዊዙኗ᧹ኣኧዐ䯍ሮቬᇹ俛䂗ⷵ⚁—ኲኀንኇኌ዆ዙእሮቬ䚍ⅲቡቊዙᇺሯ⒉䓗ሸቯቂቑቊ ሥቮᇭሶቯቒቡቯ቎尚ቮ摜尐ቍ囦⇫ቃቋ㊬ቲቯቮᇸ᧤Léon Walras, 1910᧥ᇭ

 ዉኇዐዘዌወ዆ኖቒᇬ抬♊ቑ䦃ⓜ቎ᇹ኉ኙአእዘኦዘዊዙናዐኩᇺ቎抐ቆቂ☮䳎቎ᇬሶሩ岧ሺ

቉ሧቮᇭንአኦቋዌወ዆ኖቑ♚Ⰼ栱≑ት劒ራቮቋᇬዌወ዆ኖቑሶቑ峤∰ሯ⎏䯋䤓ቍብቑቊሥቆቂ ♾厌㊶ብ⚵⸩ቊሰቍሧሯᇬቀቯቊብᇬንአኦ᧹዇ኖእቑᇹ俛䂗ⷵ⚁ᇺሯ栆㦮栢቎ቲቂቆ቉ኲ዆ዐ

ኖ崭⦞ቑ㲨䄥䤓ቍ俛䂗ⷵ⚁ቑኣኊኖእ቎ቍቭᇬ9 ኈ⦌ቊ劊峂ሸቯቂ቞ቌ浧ሧ峤∰ት♦ሴ቉ሧቮሶ

ቋቒℚ⸮ቊሥቮᇭ  㦻⫀⛙ቊቒᇬሶቑንአኦ᧹዇ኖእቑᇹ俛䂗ⷵ⚁ᇺት♥ቭₙስᇬ俛䂗ⷵ⚁䪣䴅ቑ㎞券ቋ䯍↩䤓㈈

━ት劒⹮ሼቮሶቋ቎ሺቂሧᇭቡሽᇬ᧭ቊንአኦ᧹዇ኖእቑᇹ俛䂗ⷵ⚁ᇺሯ崤䞮ሺቂ㸃⚁䤓卛㣾ት

㰑层ሺᇬ᧮ቊℛⅉቑ囦劔ቑ䟴㸃ቋ⪆䷕ቑⲎ╱ት䭉崜ሼቮሶቋ቎ሺቂሧᇭ᧯ቊቒᇬኲ዆ዐኖቑ俛䂗 ⷵ⚁ቋሺ቉ቑ⦉㦘ቑ䔈㉃ሯሥቮቑሮᇬቡቂᇬ20 ₥侏⒬檼ቑ俛䂗ⷵ⚁ቋሺ቉ቑⓊ◿ሯ尚ሧቃሸቯ

ቮቑሮᇬቑ᧮䍈ት峤∰⪉䄥ቋሺ቉ᇬሶቑᇹ俛䂗ⷵ⚁ᇺቑ␔⹈ት⒕㨟ሼቮᇭ㦏㈛቎ᇬ᧰ቊ 19 ₥侏

ሮቬ 20 ₥侏቎ሮሴ቉ቑ俛䂗ⷵቑ⻤栚ቑቍሮ቎ንአኦ᧹዇ኖእቑᇹ俛䂗ⷵ⚁ᇺት⇜函ቈሴቮሶቋ ት峵ቢቮሶቋ቎ሺቂሧᇭ

᧭᧪ 俛䂗ⷵቑⓅㄵ▥ቋ俛䂗ⷵ⚁嶪券  19 ₥侏㦺቎ኲ዆ዐኖቊ俛䂗ⷵ⚁ቑኣኊኖእቑ⒉䓗ሯ䦇㶰ሧቃ卛㣾቎ቒᇬኲ዆ዐኖ቎ርሴቮ俛

䂗ⷵቑⓅㄵ▥ቑ拁⻤ሯⷧ⦷ሺቂᇭኲ዆ዐኖቊቒሼቊ቎ 1795 ㄃቎浧䷘ズ乓ⷵ㪰ቊ㷲尞ቑ俛䂗ⷵ嶪

ㄶሯ栚岼ሸቯᇬሶቑሥቋᇬ嶪ㄶቑ⚜䱿቎ቒቀቯቁቯ拤ሧሯሥቮሯᇬ1820 ㄃቎ぴ啇ⷵ棱 ᧤Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers᧥ᇬ1832 ㄃቎ነዉዙንዂዘኦዘኲ዆ዐኖᇬ1847 ㄃቎⦮㦷ⷵ

㪰ቋᇬ⸮役䤓቎俛䂗ⷵት嶪券ሼቮⷵ㪰ሯ䚍ቯቂᇭሺሮሺᇬ⮶ⷵቊ俛䂗ⷵሯ㟨ራቬቯቮቫሩ቎ቍቆ

ቂቑቒᇬ19 ₥侏㈛◙቎⏴ቆ቉ሮቬቃቆቂᇭ1877 ㄃቎ቫሩቧሲ㽤ⷵ捷቎俛䂗ⷵ嶪ㄶሯ⺝⏴ሸቯቂ

－144－ ቑቊሥቮᇭብቆቋብᇬ俛䂗ⷵ◩⭺⚆቎ቇሧ቉ቒᇬ1903 ㄃቎ᇷ俛䂗ⷵዘ㟎㽊ⷵ⎹䷘◡㯼峵沢ᇸት

Ⓟㄵ▥ሺቂኁኋ዇ኖቫቭ㡸ሲᇬ1895 ㄃቎ᇷ㟎㽊ዘ俛䂗䱠ⷵ◩⭺⚆ᇸሯ┄岼ሸቯ቉ሧቮᇭቀሺ቉ᇬ ሶቑ俛䂗ⷵ◩⭺⚆ቑ岼函ቋ⚛㣑቎ᇬሼቜ቉ቑ㽤ⷵ捷቎ᇷ俛䂗ⷵ崻⚁᧤histoire des doctrines

économiques᧥ᇸ嶪券ቑ栚嶪ሯ券╨ቈሴቬቯቂቑቊሥቮᇭ

 ሶቯቬ㽤ⷵ捷ቑ俛䂗ⷵ嶪ㄶቒᇬነዉዙንዂዘኦዘኲ዆ዐኖትⅲ嫷ቋሼቮኮ዇ቑ呹䟀⃊券䤓ቍ俛 䂗ⷵቋቒ䟿ቍቆቂ䔈㉃ት㖐ቆ቉ሧቂᇭ≬帆⃊券ት⃊㇄ሼቮ俛䂗ⷵ劔ቋቋብ቎ᇬ19 ₥侏㦺ሮቬ┪ ﹇第二日目﹈ économie sociale ት㖐ቄⱚቤቂᇷ䯍↩俛䂗᧤ ᧥ᇸ቎栱㉒ት㖐ቇ俛䂗ⷵ劔ቂቄሯ㽤ⷵ捷ቑ俛䂗ⷵ嶪 第一会場 ㄶት㕔㇢ሺቂቑቊሥቮᇭ㈋ቬቒᇬ呹䟀⃊券䤓ቍᇹኅነካኼኖእ崛᧤Journal des économistes᧥ᇺ (1841 ㄃┄⒙)቎⺍㔦ሺ቉ᇬ⮩㱧ቍ䵚⫃ቑ嵥劒ት♥ቭₙስቮᇹ㟎㽊俛䂗ⷵ楠崛᧤Revue d’économie politique᧥ᇺት 1877 ㄃቎┄⒙ሺ቉ሧቮᇭ㽤ⷵ捷቎ርሴቮ俛䂗ⷵ嶪ㄶቑ岼函቎ቒᇬሶቑቫሩቍ俛

䂗ⷵቑ㡈⚠㊶ትቤሳቮ⺍䵚ሯ㈀檎ሺ቉ሧቂቑቊሥቮᇭᇷ俛䂗ⷵ崻⚁ᇸ嶪ㄶብᇬ⮩㱧ቍ俛䂗ⷵቑሥ ቭ㡈ት䭉崜ሺᇬ呹䟀⃊券俛䂗ⷵ቎ቫቮ₏⏒䤓ቍ㞾揜ቑ尚䦃ሺት≒ሼቋሧሩ㈈━ት㕔ቆ቉ሧቂቋ岏

ራቮቃተሩᇭሶሩሺ቉ᇬንአኦቋ዇ኖእሯᇷኲ዆ዐኖቊቒ俛䂗ⷵ㟨十቎ርሧ቉ᇬⷵ崻⚁቎⺍ሺ቉

቞ሮቑ⦌ᇰቋ㹣ቜብቑ቎ቍቬቍሧ቞ቌ摜尐ቍ⦿⇜ት₝ራቬቯ቉ሧቮᇸ᧤Gide et Rist, 2000᧥ቋሧ ሩቫሩቍ䕅㽐ሯ䞮ቢቃሸቯቂቑቊሥቮᇭ

 ₏㡈ᇬ俛䂗ⷵ⚁቎₝ራቬቯቂ摜尐㊶ቒᇬብሩቕቋቇቑ尐⥯቎㞾ራቬቯ቉ሧቂᇭቀቑ尐⥯ቋቒᇬ

㽤ⷵ捷ቋሧሩ㨯俓ቢቑ₼ቊᇬ⒬ⷵ劔቎浧ㄵቍ俛䂗䚕嵥ቑ㟨十ትሼቮ⥿楲ሸቃቆቂᇭ俛䂗ⷵቑ㸃⚁ 䤓⻤栚ት抌ሩሶቋ቎ቫቆ቉ᇬ俛䂗ⷵቑ⒬㷸䤓ቍ䩴巧ት剡㈦ሸሾቫሩቋሺቂቑቊሥቮᇭሶሩሺ቉ᇬ

19 ₥侏㦺቎ቒᇬ㽤ⷵ捷ቑᇷ俛䂗ⷵ崻⚁ᇸት㕔㇢ሼቮ嶪ズሯቇሱቇሱቋኣኊኖእኳአኌት⒉䓗ሼ

ቮሶቋ቎ቍቆቂᇭቀቑ㦏浧⽿ቋሧሩቜሰብቑሯᇬንአኦ᧹዇ኖእቑᇹ俛䂗ⷵ⚁ᇺቃቆቂቑቊሥቮᇭ

᧮᧪ ንአኦቋ዇ኖእ

᧮෥᧭᧪ንአኦ᧤Charles Gide:1847-1932᧥  ኲ዆ዐኖ቎ርሴቮ◣⚛俓⚗拚╤ቑ㊬㎂䤓㫈ㄈት乘ሧቂቋ峤∰ሸቯቮንአኦቒᇬ1872 ㄃቎ᇷ⸦

㟨䤓檧⩮቎ርሴቮቿኚኔቿኔኇዐቑ㲸Ⓒᇸቊ◩⭺⚆ት♥㈦ሺ቉ሧቮᇭ1874 ㄃቎㟨㘗彖㫋峵沢቎

⚗㫋ሺቂ㈋ቒቂቃቄ቎ኹወኦዙ⮶ⷵ㽤ⷵ捷቎⻀↊ሺᇬ1880 ㄃቎ᇷ俛䂗ⷵ崻⚁ᇸ嶪ㄶ㕔㇢劔ቋሺ ቉኿ዐ኷዇ኅ⮶ⷵ㽤ⷵ捷቎䧏↊ሺቂᇭ1900 ㄃቎ቒ⦮㦷ⷵ㪰቎扝ራቬቯᇬሶቯⅴ棜ᇬ㦏俑䤓቎ነ

ዉዙንዂዘኦዘኲ዆ዐኖቑᇷ◣⚛俓⚗ᇸ嶪ㄶቑ㟨㘗቎ሧቂቮ㟨ズ䞮㿊ትኮ዇ቊ抐ቮሶቋ቎ቍቮᇭ

ᇹ俛䂗ⷵ崻⚁ᇺቑ⪆䷕ት㼉㎞ሺቂ 1903 ㄃቎ቒᇬ1884 ㄃ቑ⒬䓗ⅴ棜ሼቊ቎᧴䓗ት㟿ራቮᇹ俛䂗 ⷵ☮䚕ᇺቑ囦劔ቋሺ቉ᇬቡቂᇹ㟎㽊俛䂗ⷵ楠崛ᇺቑ偷楕劔ቋሺ቉ᇬ俛䂗ⷵ䟛቎㚉ቮሱቍሧ⦿⇜ት

䭉≬ሺ቉ሧቂᇭ

 嶪券ቊ∎ሩኣኊኖእት⒉䓗ሼቮቋሧሩ㎞⦂ቋቋብ቎ᇬንአኦ቎ቒᇬኲ዆ዐኖ቎ርሴቮ俛䂗ⷵ㟨

－145－ 十ቋሺ቉ቑ俛䂗ⷵ⚁ቑ㎞券ት䭉崜ሼቮቋሧሩ㎞✂⚗ሧሯሥቆቂቫሩ቎㊬ቲቯቮᇭ⸮椪ᇬ1890 ㄃

቎ Political Science Quarterly ቎ “The economic schools and the teaching of political economy in France”ት⹓䳎ሺቂቑት䤽⒖ቭ቎ᇬ1896 ㄃቎ኮወኍዉኁዑቑ俛䂗ⷵℚ␇ቑ “French School of

Political Economy” ቑ檔䥽ት⪆䷕ሺᇬ1907 ㄃቎ቒ Economic Journal ቎ “Economic literature in

France at the beginning of the twentieth century”ት䤉嫷ሺ቉ሧቮᇭሶቯቬቑ嵥劒ቑኜኁእወት 尚቉ብቲሮቮቫሩ቎ᇬኲ዆ዐኖ俛䂗ⷵቑ䔈役ት⦌椪䤓቎崜䩴ሸሾቫሩቋሼቮሶቋቋ俛䂗ⷵ⚁㟨十

ቑ摜尐㊶ት峃ራቮሶቋሯንአኦ቎ርሧ቉ቒ⹕㘴቎栱抲ሺ቉ሧቂቋሧራቮቑቊቒቍሧቃተሩሮᇭ

᧮෥᧮᧪዇ኖእ᧤Charles Rist:1874-1955᧥

 ዇ኖእቒ 1898 ㄃ቑᇷኲ዆ዐኖ቎ርሴቮ㒟ⅉ╃⍜劔ቑ䞮㿊ᇸቋ 1899 ㄃ቑᇷ╃⍜䌌⹂቎栱ሼቮ

ኁኋ዇ኖቑ䵚㽤ᇸቑ᧮㦻ቑ嵥㠖ቊ◩⭺⚆ት♥㈦ሺᇬ1899 ㄃቎㟨㘗彖㫋峵沢቎⚗㫋ሺቂቑቄᇬ኿ ዐ኷዇ኅ⮶ⷵቑንአኦቑᇷ俛䂗ⷵ崻⚁ᇸ嶪ㄶት♦ሴ倨ሧቃᇭ1903 ㄃቎ቒኮ዇⮶ⷵ㽤ⷵ捷㟨㘗቎

↊✌ሸቯቂሯᇬ䶻₏㶰⮶㒵₼቎摠娜ዘ弰㟎ቑ⺑栏⹅ቋሺ቉䩴ቬቯቮቫሩ቎ቍቭᇬ1926 ㄃቎ኲ዆

ዐኖ攏嫛⓾偞子቎↊✌ሸቯቮቍቌᇬ䪣䴅䞮㿊ቋ攏嫛⸮╨ቑቘቂቇቑኊዀ዇ቿት㷸ባሶቋ቎ቍቆቂᇭ ንአኦሯᇬ኿ዐ኷዇ኅ⮶ⷵቑ㺠㽤ቑ㟨㘗ሮቬ俈⅚ሸቯቂ዇ኖእት␀⚛⪆䷕劔ቋሺ቉指ቶቃቑቒᇬ

㈛↊ቊሥቮቋ⚛㣑቎ᇬ዇ኖእሯኦኁኡ崭቎⪹厌ቃቆቂሮቬቃቋሧቲቯ቉ሧቮᇭሺሮሺቀቯ቎ቋቌ

ቡቬሽᇬ₰劔ሯቋብ቎ኴዊኣኖኜዐእቊሥቭᇬኦዉኲዂኖ㝐帆㿍ቃቋሧሩ␀抩䍈ሯሥቆቂሮቬቊ ቒቍሧቃተሩሮᇭብቆቋብᇬ浧⚜ቍንአኦ቎␀⚛⪆䷕劔቎指ቓቯቂሶቋት⚜崘቎㊬ሧቍሯቬብᇬ

ንአኦቋቑ⪆䷕⇫㯼ቒ዇ኖእ቎ቋቆ቉⹈㢢ቍብቑቊቒቍሮቆቂᇭᇹ㟎㽊俛䂗ⷵ楠崛ᇺ቎䤉嫷ሺቂ

዇ኖእቑᇷ呹↬ᇸ቎ቒᇬንአኦቑ⪆䷕ሯቍሮቍሮ拁ቡቍሧሶቋ቎⺍ሼቮₜ䄏ቃሴቊቍሲᇬ㈋ቑⅉ 㩓቎⺍ሼቮ㔈⒳ቡቊ㦇ሮቯ቉ሧቮ᧤Rist, 1955᧥ᇭቋቒሧራᇬ዇ኖእቑ㦏⮶ቑₜ䄏ቒᇬ俛䂗ⷵ቎

⺍ሼቮ峤∰ቑ拤ሧቃቆቂᇭ዇ኖእቒቇሱቑቫሩ቎⥭櫶ሺ቉ሧቮᇭ

 ᇷ䱐ቒᇬዌወ዆ኖቋኾዐ኉ዙቑ囦⇫቎㒠ᇰቑ㦻ቑ₼㉒䤓ቍ⦿⇜ት₝ራቮቫሩ቎┹┪ሺᇬ呹⒕ቑ 恾偩ት⸗ተሩቋሺቂᇭሶቯ቎⺍ሺ቉ንአኦቒᇬ㈋ሯ≰⯘ሼቮ◣⚛俓⚗㊬㎂ሯ俛䂗ⷵቑⒿ拣䍈ቊሥ

ቮቋ⃊㇄ሺ቉币ቬቍሮቆቂᇸ᧤Rist, 1955᧥ᇭ

 ሶቑቫሩቍ峤∰ቑ拤ሧት㢝ቬሮ቎ሼቮቂቤᇬ዇ኖእቒንአኦ቎ቀቯቁቯቑ㕔㇢捷⒕቎刁⚜ት⏴ ቯቮሶቋት尐㻑ሺቂᇭሶሩሺ቉ᇬ䥽㶰቎⪆䷕劔⚜ት岧憘ሺቂᇹ俛䂗ⷵ⚁ᇺሯ崤䞮ሺቂቑቊሥቮᇭ

᧯᧪ ንአኦ᧹዇ኖእቑᇹ俛䂗ⷵ⚁ᇺ  ␔⹈ቑ崂便ቍ⒕㨟ቒ⫀⛙቎币ቮቋሺ቉ᇬሶሶቊቒᇬንአኦ᧹዇ኖእቑᇹ俛䂗ⷵ⚁ᇺቑ䔈㉃ት⮶

ቡሮ቎ቡቋቤ቉ርሲሶቋ቎ሺቂሧᇭ䶻₏ቑ䔈㉃ቒᇬ㸃⚁䤓ቍ⻤栚቎ቀቆ቉ቒሧቮብቑቑᇬ⪉㦻䤓

቎ⷵ㿍ሷቋቑ♨承቎ቍቆ቉ሧቮ䍈ቊሥቮᇭንአኦቋ዇ኖእቒㄞ㠖ቊሶቑሶቋትᇷ櫭傐㊶ት⪉䄥ቋ

－146－ ሺ቉ⷵ崻ትቕቋቇቑ⹅㡞ቋ尚ቍሺ቉ኍወዙኴ▥ሺᇬቀቯቬሯ䚍ቯቂ㸃⚁䤓檕ㄞ቎㈢ቆ቉俈⅚ሼ

ቮᇸ᧤Gide et Rist, 2000᧥㡈㽤ቃቋ崻㢝ሺ቉ሧቮᇭሶቑ㡈㽤ቒᇬ₏ⅉቑ俛䂗ⷵ劔ቑ㯼働ት俛㣑䤓 ቎抌ሩቋሧሩ㇢㣑₏咻䤓ቃቆቂኖኜኁወቋ㹣ቜ቉ᇬⷵ㿍ቑኍወዙ኱ዐኍ቎ቫቆ቉崼劔ቑ䚕屲ት⹈

㢢቎ሺቂቋⰌ峤ት◩ሺ቉ሧቮᇭሺሮሺᇬሶቑ㡈㽤ቒᇬ⊚⒴ቑ俛䂗ⷵ劔቎⺍ሼቮ峤∰ቋⷵ㿍቎⺍ሼ

ቮ峤∰ትⓜ㙟ቋሺቍሴቯቓቍቬቍሮቆቂቒሽቊሥቮᇭንአኦቋ዇ኖእቑ⪆䷕㣑ቑ⺍䵚ብሶሶ቎怆 ⥯ሺ቉ሧቮቋሧራቮቃተሩᇭቋቒሧራᇬ峤∰ትቤሳቮ₰劔ቑ⺍䵚ሯሥቆቂ቎ብሮሮቲቬሽᇬ䶻ℛ ﹇第二日目﹈ ቑ䔈㉃ቒᇬሶቯቬቑⷵ㿍ት቞቟㄂䷘቎♥ቭ㔀ቆ቉ሧቮ䍈ቊሥቮᇭንአኦቋ዇ኖእብㄞ㠖ቊ囦劔ቧ 第一会場 ⷵ崻ት♥㗷指㔭ሺ቉ሧቮሶቋት崜ቤቍሯቬᇬᇷሶቑ指㔭቎ቒቍቶቬ尞乓䤓ቍ㎞✂ቒቍሧᇭ㒠ᇰቒᇬ 拢㉂㊶ቑ⪉䄥ቧᇬ䯍↩䤓㦘䞷㊶ቑ⪉䄥ᇬሸቬ቎ቒ䦮䚕ቑ⪉䄥ቊብቆ቉ሸራᇬሥቮⷵ㿍ት㘷⯷ሺᇬ

቞ሮቑⷵ㿍ት抏ሴቮ㎞⦂ቒ⏷ሲ㖐ቆ቉ሧቍሧᇸ᧤Gide et Rist, 2000᧥ቋ㇆嵎ሺ቉ሧቮᇭብቆቋብᇬ

⮩㱧ቍ俛䂗ⷵቑሥቭ㡈ት≾䨿ሼቮቋሧሩሶቑ㡈㽤ቒᇬ⃊㿐㿍俛䂗ⷵቑ䕻◯䤓ቍ䕅㽐ት㓢䫃ሼቮቋ ሧሩ㽤ⷵ捷ቑ俛䂗ⷵ⚁嶪ㄶቑ᧤椯ሸቯቂ᧥䥽䤓቎拸ቆ቉ሧቮሶቋብ䭉ሮቊሥቮᇭ

 ሶቑቫሩ቎ᇬᇹ俛䂗ⷵ⚁ᇺቑ♨承ሮቬℛⅉቑ囦劔ቑ俛䂗ⷵ层ት㔙㙰ሼቮሶቋቒ楲ሺሧᇭቃሯᇬ

♥㗷指㔭ቑ⪉䄥ሯᇷ㷲ሺሮተሩቋ栢拤ቆ቉ሧቫሩቋᇬ䚍⦷♦ሴ⏴ቯቬቯ቉ሧቮ㊬㎂ቑㇱ㒟቎弱䖽 ሺቂⷵ崻ᇬ䚍ⅲ㊬㎂቎䦃㘴倨㔎ሸቯ቉ሧቆቂⷵ崻቎⏘ትሥ቉ቮሶቋᇸ᧤Gide et Rist, 2000᧥ቃቋ

ሼቮቋᇬ㦏俑り቎♥ቭₙስቬቯቂⷵ㿍ሯ㈋ቬቑ俛䂗ⷵ层ት㘷䂻ሼቮ㓚ሯሮቭ቎ቍቮቒሽቊሥቮᇭ

᧰᧪ 俛䂗ⷵ层ቑ⮘⹈

 5 り 18 䵯ሮቬቍቮ⒬䓗ቑ㦏俑りቒᇷ㦏扠ቑⷵ崻ᇸቋሧሩኜኁእወቊᇬ䶻 1 䵯ᇷ㉺㰌⃊券劔ᇸᇬ

䶻 2 䵯ᇷኊ዇ኖእ㟨቎㈀檎ት♦ሴቂⷵ崻ᇸᇬ䶻 3 䵯ᇷ抲ゾ⃊券劔ᇸᇬ䶻 4 䵯ᇷ⦿ⅲ䚕嵥ቋቀቑ㉫ 䞷ᇸᇬ䶻 5 䵯ᇷ䎰㟎ㄫ⃊券劔ᇸቑ 5 䵯ሮቬ㱚㒟ሸቯ቉ሧቮᇭሶቯቬቑ䵯ቒᇬንአኦℰሰ㈛ቑ䶻᧲

䓗ቑㄞ㠖቎዇ኖእሯ㦇ሧቂቫሩ቎ᇬᇷ1870 ㄃ሮቬ 1914 ㄃቎ሮሴ቉ቑ㦮栢ት䔈㉃ቈሴቮብቑቒᇬ

䱐ሯ尚ቮ棟ቭᇬ₏㡈ቊቒᇬ⧖嫰ቋ㦏俑䤓╈䞷ቋሧሩቘቂቇቑ㰑㊄ቑ䤉尚ቋ嵎䚱ቊሥቭᇬⅥ㡈ቊቒᇬ 栆ሧ㄂✛ቑ㣑㦮቎啀栚ሧቂ䯍↩䤓ⷵ崻ቑ椕䥪ቊሥቮᇸ᧤Gide et Rist, 2000᧥ቋቑ崜巧቎⪉ቈሧ቉

ሧቮᇭ᧮෥᧮ቊ俈⅚ሺቂንአኦቋ዇ኖእቑ㻑ቤቮ㠿ሺሧ俛䂗ⷵ⍞ቑ拤ሧት⩚ቤቮ㔧嬆㫗ቋሧቆቂ

㱧䦇ት⛗ሺ቉ሧቮቋሧራቮሯᇬ⸮椪ᇬ棟䟛╈䞷㰑㊄቎⪉ቈሧቂ⧖嫰䚕嵥ቋ◣⚛俓⚗㊬㎂ት⚺ባᇷ䯍 ↩俛䂗ⷵ㿍ᇸሯ₥侏慱㙪㦮቎ርሴቮ㠿ሺሧ俛䂗ⷵቃቆቂሶቋቒℚ⸮ቊሥቮᇭ◩⭺嵥㠖ቑኜኁእወ

ሮቬብቲሮቮቫሩ቎ᇬ዇ኖእሯᇷ䯍↩俛䂗ⷵ㿍ᇸ䤓ቍ䵚⫃ሮቬ⧖嫰䚕嵥቎⍍㠫ሺ቉ሧቆቂቑ቎⺍

ሺ቉ᇬንአኦቒᇬቇሱቑㆤ䞷㠖቎尚ቬቯቮቫሩ቎ᇬ⧖嫰䚕嵥቎䚕屲ት䯉ሺቍሯቬብᇬᇷ䯍↩俛䂗 ⷵ㿍ᇸቑ䵚⫃ትቫቭ渽㢝቎ሺ቉ሧቆቂቋሧራቮᇭ

 ᇷ㦏扠ቒ㡶㧴ቑብቑቋ◉⒴ሼቮቂቤ቎᧸侣会俛䂗ⷵ᧤économie pure᧥᧺ቋ✋቙ቫሩ቎ቍቆ቉

ሧቮሯᇬ俛䂗ⷵ᧤économie politique᧥ቒᇬቋሲ቎ᇬⅉቋ኿ካቋቑ栢቎㒟䵚ሼቮ呹䞮䤓ቊ㉔䏅䤓

－147－ ቍ栱≑ት╈䞷ቑ层䍈ሮቬ䪣䴅ሼቮⷵ⟞ቊሥቮᇭሶቑⷵ⟞ቒᇬቀቯቬቑ栱≑ት䤉尚ሺᇬ崻㢝ሼቮሶ

ቋᇬሸቬ቎ᇬሥቬቩቮ቞ሮቑ尐⥯ት㗷廰ሺ቉㈦ቬቯቂሧሲቇሮቑ尐⥯቎タ䧏ሸሾቮሶቋ቎ቫቆ቉ 㟿ⷵ䤓቎岗並ሼቮሶቋ቎┹ቤ቉ሰቂᇭቀቑ⒉䤉䍈ቒᇬ᧸㉺㰌⃊券䤓☮ⓖ᧺ᇬሼቍቲቄᇬ㦏⺞ቑ┹

┪ቊ㦏⮶ቑ䄏恂ት䘁㈦ሺቫሩቋሼቮ㷁㻑ቊሥቮᇭಸಸಸ䯍↩俛䂗ⷵ᧤économie sociale᧥ቒⅉ栢ቑ

ㄇ䰞ት≬椫ሼቮቂቤ቎ᇬ呹䏅㽤ⓖቑ呹䟀ቍ⇫䞷቎Ᵽቐቮሶቋሯቫሧቋቒ㼉ሺ቉劒ራቍሧᇭቀቯቒᇬ ♜⺍቎ᇬ㎞㉦䤓ቊᇬቫሲ㮫岝ሸቯᇬ⚛㣑቎ᇬ⚗䚕䤓ቊᇬሥቮ₏⸩ቑ㷲券ቋሧሩ劒ራ㡈቎⚗咃ሼቮ

俓僣ቑ㉔尐㊶ት≰ሽቮⷵ⟞ቊሥቮᇸ᧤Gide, 1920᧥ᇭ

 ሶሶ቎ቒᇬ♳ሧ俛䂗ⷵሮቬᇷ㉺㰌⃊券ᇸ቎⪉ቈሲ㠿ሺሧ俛䂗ⷵቊሥቮᇷ侣会俛䂗ⷵᇸቛቑ慱㙪 ቋᇬቀቑᇷ侣会俛䂗ⷵᇸሮቬᇷ䯍↩俛䂗ⷵᇸቛቑ慱㙪ቋሧሩᇬ俛䂗ⷵ层ቑኝኳወቑ慱㙪ሯ崭ቬቯ

቉ሧቮᇭንአኦ቎ቋቆ቉ᇬ㽤ⷵ捷ቑ俛䂗ⷵ嶪ㄶሯኘኁቑ㿐ቯት㼁ባ♳ሧ⒕㨟㡈㽤ት⦉⸗ሼቮ呹䟀

⃊券俛䂗ⷵ቎ሲሸቖት㓢ቄ手ባ⫃ቃቆቂቋሼቮቋᇬᇹ俛䂗ⷵ⚁ᇺቒ㠿ሺሧ᧤㟿ⷵ䤓᧥㓚㽤ት栚㕢 ሺቂ呹䟀⃊券俛䂗ⷵ቎ᇷ䯍↩俛䂗ⷵᇸት⺍函ሼቮ⫃ቃቆቂቑቊሥቮᇭኲ዆ዐኖ椞₏ቑዌወ዆ኖ㝐

帆劔ቋ岏ቆ቉ብቫሧንአኦቒᇬሶቑℛቇቑ俛䂗ⷵሯ₰劔ቋብ㠿ሺሧ俛䂗ⷵቊሥቮℚ⸮ሯ摜尐ቃቋ

㗘ራ቉ርቭᇬ◧侣቎⺍䵚ሸሾቮሶቋት㦪ቶቊቒሧቍሮቆቂᇭቃሮቬሶቀ㈋ቒᇬዌወ዆ኖ䚕嵥ት浧 ሲ峤∰ሼቮ዇ኖእት抏ሴ቉ᇬ䶻 5 りቑ䶻 1 䵯ᇷ㉺㰌⃊券劔ᇸቋ䶻 3 䵯ᇷ抲ゾ⃊券劔ᇸትቋብ቎

呹愺ቊ⪆䷕ሺቂቑቊቒቍሧቃተሩሮᇭ

ርቲቭ቎

 1909 ㄃ 4 㦗 18 㡴቎ንአኦቒዌወ዆ኖ቎㓚侨ት抐ቭᇬ扠ᇰᇹ俛䂗ⷵ⚁ᇺት抐Ⅷሼቮሶቋት℗

⛙ሺ቉ሧቮᇭቀቑ㦇亰ቑ₼ቊንአኦቒᇬዌወ዆ኖቑ㯼働ት呹⒕ሯ⪆䷕ሺቂᇷ㉺㰌⃊券劔ᇸቑ䵯ቋ ዇ኖእሯ⪆䷕ሺቂᇷ⦿ⅲ䚕嵥ቋቀቑ㉫䞷ᇸቊ⮶ሰሲ♥ቭₙስቂሶቋት⫀⛙ሺᇬᇷሶቯቒ拔ሼሱቮ

㷲券ቑ⸮䚍ᇸቃቋ承ቜ቉ሧቮᇭ዇ኖእብ 5 㦗 17 㡴቎ᇷኲ዆ዐኖሯሥቍቂ቎㗶ስቮቜሰቃቆቂ㟻

㎞ት嫷㢝ሼቮሶቋሯᇬ᧤ንአኦቋ᧥₏偡቎Ⅴℚትሺ቉ⅴ㧴ቑ䱐ቂቄቑ⮘ቲቬ቏栱㉒ℚቊሺቂᇸቋ ዌወ዆ኖ቎㦇ሰ抐ቆ቉ሧቮᇭዌወ዆ኖ呹愺ቒᇬ10 㦗 23 㡴ንአኦ⸪ቑ㦇亰ቊᇬᇷ㽷㎞䂀ሲᇬቡቂ

䄏恂ሺቍሯቬᇸ囦⇫ት崼ቶቃሶቋት岧ሺᇬሶቑℛቇቑ䵯ሯᇷ⦮⦿⦌㦘▥ᇸት㷲㇢▥ሺ቉ሧቮቋ峤

∰ሺቂ᧤Jaffé, 1965᧥ᇭ  ሶሩሺ቉ᇬዌወ዆ኖቑ俛䂗ⷵ⚁ቋንአኦቋ዇ኖእቑᇹ俛䂗ⷵ⚁ᇺቒℳ斾ሼቮሶቋ቎ቍቆቂᇭሺ

ሮሺᇬዌወ዆ኖቑ⫃⚗ቋቒ䟿ቍቆ቉ᇬ嶪券ኣኊኖእቋሺ቉ቑᇹ俛䂗ⷵ⚁ᇺቒ呹むቑ䚕嵥㱚乘ቑቂ

ቤቑ拢␆ቊቒቍሮቆቂᇭ⒬剡劔⚠ሴቑ俛䂗ⷵ᧤俛䂗ⷵ⚁ቊቒቍሲ᧥ቑኣኊኖእቊብሥቭᇬ㡱㒟ቑ 俛䂗ⷵ㔈⒳ቑ㦇ቊብሥቆቂᇭሸቬ቎ᇬኁኋ዇ኖቋኦኁኡ቎⋞ሺ቉ሧቂብቑቑᇬ⮥⦌ቑ俛䂗ⷵት⛇

♝ሼቮቂቤቑ㓚㹄ቊብሥቆቂᇭኲ዆ዐኖ俛䂗ⷵት䀆⮥቎位┪䤓቎俈⅚ሺቂንአኦቒᇬ投㡈⚠ቑℳ

㿐ት㦮㈔ሺቂቑቊሥቮᇭቃሯᇬሶቑቫሩቍ⮩㱧ቍ㳮厌ትብቇንአኦ᧹዇ኖእቑᇹ俛䂗ⷵ⚁ᇺሯᇬ

－148－ ₥侏慱㙪㦮቎ርሴቮ㠿ሺሧ俛䂗ⷵት䭉崜ሼቮሶቋት䴅㰄ቑ䥽䤓ቋሺ቉ሧቂሶቋት㉧ቯ቉ቒቍቬ

ቍሧᇭ

﹇第二日目﹈ 第一会場

－149－ ᷝ↰ኼ৻ߣᴡ਄⡸࡮⑔↰ᓼਃߩᣣᧄ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥ  ੗਄℉ᥓ  ޣΣޤߪߓ߼ߦ  ޟᳯᚭᤨઍ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผߩ⎇ⓥߪޔ᣿ᴦᧃߦߪᴡ਄⡸ޔ⑔↰ᓼਃޔἏᧄ⺈৻ޔౝ↰㌁⬿╬߇ߎ ߩಽ㊁ߦ㑐ᔃࠍ␜ߒޔᚢ೨Ბ㓏ߢᣢߦᧄᐣᩕᴦ㇢ޔਛ᧛ቁ਽ޔ㊁᧛౗ᄥ㇢ޔዊ㊁ᱞᄦ╬ߩ♖ജ ⊛ߥ⎇ⓥ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ߈ߚޠ ዊቶ=1992? ޕઁᣇޔ᐀ᧃ࡮᣿ᴦᦼએ㒠ߩ⚻ᷣቇᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥߪޔᣣ ᧄߩ⚻ᷣቇ⎇ⓥ߇ਥߣߒߡ᰷☨⚻ᷣቇߩዉ౉ߦࠃߞߡⴕࠊࠇ߈ߚߣ޿߁ޟ੐ታޠࠍ೨ឭߦㅴ߼ ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚޕߘߎߦޟㄭ਎ߣㄭઍߣߩㅪ⛯࡮㕖ㅪ⛯ߩ໧㗴ޠޔޟ⷏᰷⚻ᷣቇߩฃኈㆊ⒟ߩⶄ㔀 ߐߩ໧㗴ޠߘߒߡޟ⚻ᷣቇ೙ᐲൻߩ࿖㓙Ყセߩ໧㗴ޠ ੗਄=1992? ߇↢ߓޔߘߩ໧㗴ߩ⸃᳿ߩ ߚ߼ߦᣣᧄᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥኅߪ⎇ⓥࠍ㊀ߨߡ߈ߚޕ ᧄႎ๔ߪޔޟᓟㅴ࿖ޠᣣᧄߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผߩᦨೋᦼߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߢ޽ࠆᴡ਄⡸ߣ⑔↰ᓼਃߦട߃ߡޔ ৻ᱠవࠎߓߡߎߩ⺖㗴ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߛޟቭᐡࠛࠦࡁࡒࠬ࠻ޠ㧔᧖ේ=1984?㧕ޔޟ᣿ᴦߩ࠹ࠢࡁࠢ ࡜࡯࠻ޠ ⷏Ꮉ=1985? ᷝ↰ኼ৻ࠍขࠅ޽ߍޔᓐࠄ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߥᗧ࿑ߣᣇᴺ⺰ࠍ߽ߞߡᣣᧄ⚻ᷣ ᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥߦขࠅ⚵ߺޔߘߩ⎇ⓥࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦ↢߆ߘ߁ߣߒߚ߆ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆޕ  ޣΤޤᷝ↰ኼ৻㧔1864-1929㧕   ᷝ↰ኼ৻ߪ1884ᐕ7᦬Ꮲ࿖ᄢቇᢥቇㇱ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣ⑼තᬺߣหᤨߦᄢ⬿⋭ߦ౉⋭ߒߚ߽ߩߩޔߘ ߩ9᦬ߦߪㅌቭߒޔH.ࡈࠜ࡯࠮࠶࠻ 1833-84 ߩరߢ⚻ᷣቇࠍቇ߱ߚ߼ߦᷰ⧷ߔࠆㅜਛߦޔᓐߩ ᱫ 11᦬6ᣣ ߦㆣㆄߒߚޕ1ᐕ㑆ߩ࡙࠾ࡧࠔ࡯ࠪ࠹ࠖ࡮ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫ࡮ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦߢቇࠎߛᓟޔࠤࡦࡉ ࡝࠶ࠫߩ࠾ࡘ࡯࠽ࡓ࡮ࠞ࡟࠶ࠫ߳ォቇߒޔᓟછߩA.ࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߩ߽ߣߢቇࠎߛޕࡑ࡯ࠪࡖ࡞ߪޔ ᷝ↰ࠍഃ┙ᣧޘߩBritish AssociationߩߜߩRoyal Economic Societyߩᣣᧄㅢାຬߦછ๮ߒߚޕᏫ ࿖ᓟޔᷝ↰ߪߘߩᯏ㑐⹹ Economic Journal ߦᛩⓂߒߚޕߘߩᦨೋߩ⺰ᢥߪޔ̌The Study of Political Economy̍ߣ㗴ߐࠇߚޕߎߩዊ⺰ߪޔᳯᚭᤨઍ߆ࠄ᣿ᴦೋᦼߦ⥋ࠆᣣᧄߩ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ࠍᛒ ߞߚ߅ߘࠄߊᦨೋߩᣣᧄ⚻ᷣቇผߩ⺰ᢥߢ޽ߞߚ June,1893 ޕߎߩ⧷ᢥߪޔ⋥ߜߦ㇌⸶ߐࠇޡ࿖ ኅቇળ㔀⹹ޢ=1893?ߦឝタߐࠇޔߐࠄߦ⧷ᢥ⺰ᢥ߇ޔ⧷⺆ ޡᄥ㓁ޢ=1895?ߦ߽ォタߐࠇߚޕ  ޟ⧷࿖⚻ᷣදળࡂᣣᧄࡁ⚻ᷣቇㅴᱠࡁ⪺ࠪࠠ࠾⇼ࡥᛴࠠޠޟᣣᧄࡁ⚻ᷣቇ⎇ⓥࡁ⁁ᴫࡥႎ࠮ ࡦࠦ࠻ࡥᙣ⺧ޠߐࠇߚᷝ↰߇ᦠ޿ߚߎߩዊ⺰ߪޔ⸶⠪⸃⺑ߦࠃࠇ߫ޟᚒ࿖ࡁᢥൻࡥ⒓឴ޠߔࠆ ߛߌߢߥߊޔㆃޘߣߒߡㅴ߹ߥ޿᧦⚂ᡷᱜ໧㗴ߦኻߒߡޟ⃻ⴕ᧦⚂ࡁਇᱜࡥ㡆࡜ࠪ࠹⧷ੱࡥೝ ⴣ࠮ࡦ࠻ޠߩᗧ࿑߇޽ࠅޔߘߩߚ߼ߦޟ㑆ޘ⹶ᒛࡁ⸒ㄉࡥᜬޠ޿ߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒߁ޕ  ౨㗡ޟᒻ⠰਄ࡁቇࡂᣣᧄੱࡁ㐳ᚲޠߢ޽ࠆߚ߼ޟ⚻ᷣቇࡁㅴᱠ࿕࡛࡝㛳ࠢ࠾⿷࡜㩅㩨࡞ࡌࠪޠ ߣᦠ޿ߚᷝ↰ߪޔ⚻ᷣቇߪޟቭ┙ቇᩞ࠾࿷࠹ࡂ㜞╬ਛቇᩞ໡ᬺቇᩞᏧ▸ቇᩞ෸Ꮲ࿖ᄢቇޠߢޔ ߹ߚޟ⑳┙࠾࿷࠹ࡂ⚻ᷣࡥએ࠹ኾ㐷࠻ࠬ࡞ቇᩞࠕ࡝᡽ᴦᴺᓞ⧯ࠢࡂ໡ᬺ࠻౒࠾ਯࡥᢎࡈ࡞ࡕࠕ ࡝ޠޕߘߎߢߪޟࡒ࡞ޠޟࡈࠜ࠮࠷࠻ޠޟࠫࠚࡧࠝࡦ࠭ޠޟࡑࠕࠪࡗ࡞ޠޟ࠙ࠝ࡞ࠞޠޟࡠ࠷ ࠪࠛ࡞ޠࠄࠍෳ⠨ߦߒߡᢎ߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߣᜰ៰ߔࠆޕ  ߐࠄߦ㊀ⷐߥߎߣߪޟ㐿᷼એ೨࠾࿷࠹ᣣᧄࡁ⚻ᷣࡂ৻⒳․⦡ࡥ๒ࠪ⻉ᄢኅ⊝ㄘᬺࡁ⊒㆐ࡥ࿑ ࡝ᄢฬࡁୖᐶࡥలࠨࡦࠦ࠻ࡥജࡔᎿ໡ࡥ⾭ࡒ⽷↥ࡁᐔ╬․࠾࿯࿾ࡁᐔ╬ࡥਥ໒ࠪ⺰࠭࡞ᚲ᡽ ᴦ࠻㆏⟵࠻࠾ᷤ࡝ᓔޘ࿖ኅ␠ળਥ⟵࠾௑ࠤ࡝ޠߣᦠߊߎߣߢޔᣣᧄߦߪᳯᚭᤨઍ߆ࠄఝࠇߚ⚻ ᷣቇ⠪ 11ฬࠍࠞࡔ࡜࡝ࠬ࠻࡮⾆ㄘᵷ࡮⾆໡ᵷ࡮␠ળਥ⟵ߣߦಽ㘃ߒߡ⚫੺ ߇޿ߚߛߌߢߥߊޔ ᓐࠄߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐ߇ޟ᡽ᴦ࠻㆏⟵ޠߦ߽෻ᤋߐࠇߡ޿ߚߣᒝ⺞ߒߚߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕട߃ߡ㐿᷼ᓟߩ

－150－ ᣣᧄߢ߽ᄙߊߩఝࠇߚ⚻ᷣቇ⠪㧔26ฬࠍ⥄↱⾏ᤃ࡮଻⼔⾏ᤃ࡮࿖ኅ␠ળਥ⟵࡮ਛ┙ߣߦಽ㘃ߒ ߡ⚫੺㧕߇ޔ⚻ᷣදળ ޟ⒳ޘߩቇᵷޠ㧕ޔᣣᧄ⚻ᷣળ㧔ޟ⒳ޘߩቇᵷޠ㧕ޔ࿖ኅ⚻ᷣળ㧔ޟ଻ ⼔⾏ᤃᵷޠ㧕ޔℂ⽷ቇળ㧔ޟਛ┙ᵷޠ㧕ޔ᧲੩⛔⸘දળޔ࿖ኅቇળޔቇ჻ળ㒮ߩ႐ߢᵴべߒޔ ⚻ᷣߩኾ㐷⚕࡮⹹ޡਛᄖ໡ᬺ㔚ႎޢޡᮮᵿ⾏ᤃᣂ⡞ޢޡ᧲੩⚻ᷣ㔀⹹ޢޡℂ⽷ᣂႎޢߦട߃ߡ ޡᤨ੐ᣂႎޢޡ࿖᳃ਯ෹ޢઁߩᣣೀ⚕ࠍㅢߓߡޔ⚻ᷣᖱႎࠍឭଏߒޔ᧦⚂ᡷᱜࠍ฽߻⚻ᷣ໧㗴 ࠍ⺰ߓߡ޿ࠆߣᜰ៰ߔࠆޕ  ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ⚻ᷣ࡮⚻ᷣቇ⎇ⓥ࡮ᢎ⢒߇᥉෸ߒߡ޿ࠆᣣᧄߦ޽ߞߡޟህᖡࠬࡌࠠ᧦⚂ࡂଐὼ࠻ ሽ࠮࡝ฦ೑ኂ⋧ⴣ⓭࠮࡞⸓⋖ච౐ࠤ࿖ࡁ৻⥌ࡥᓙ࠹ᡷᱜࡥ⹜ࡓ࡞ࡂ⊖ᐕᴡᷡࡥᓙ࠷࠻ห৻غ ࠽࡞ࡌࠪޠߣᒝߊਇᐔ╬᧦⚂✦⚿࿖ࠍޟೝⴣޠߒޔޟએ਄ࡁᅤࠠਇᱜਇ౏ᐔࡂㄘ᳃ᔃࡥỗࠪ଻ ﹇第二日目﹈ ࠹ࠗ ࠬ࠹ ⼔⾏ᤃᵷࡂ࡮࡮࡮౔♖ജࡥㅥޠߔࠆߛߌߢߥߊޟᣣᧄࡁ⃻⁁ࡂ␠ળਥ⟵ࡁ⪚⧘Ꮗ࠾ᚑ࡝␠ળਥ 第一会場 ࠪ࠶࠲ ⟵ࡁ╷჻ࡂᱝ㘑㔕࠾ਸ਼ࠫ࠹ปງ࠮ࡦ࠻ࠬޠߣ⚿⺰ࠍਅߒߚޕߎߩࠃ߁ߥᣣᧄߢ߅ߘࠄߊᦨೋߩ ᣣᧄ⚻ᷣቇߩㅢผߪޔ᣿ᴦਛᦼߦ߅ߌࠆޟᓟㅴ࿖ޠᣣᧄߩ┙႐ࠍ਎⇇ߦ⊒ାߒޔ᧦⚂ᡷᱜࠍㅴ ߼ࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ᡽ᴦ⊛ࡊࡠࡄࠟࡦ࠳ߣߒߡߩᓎഀࠍᒝߊᜂߞߡ޿ߚߣ⸒߃ࠆޕ   ޣΥޤᴡ਄⡸ 1879-1946  ᴡ਄⡸ߪ1902ᐕ᧲੩Ꮲ࿖ᄢቇᴺ⑼ᄢቇතᬺᓟޔޟ⑳ߪᄢቇ㒮ߦᏨࠍ⟎޿ߡޔ⓯ߦᣣᧄ⚻ᷣᕁ ᗐผߩ⎇ⓥߦᔒߒޔ߿߇ߡߪ౔ࠍᄢቇ㒮ߩ⺰ᢥߦߔࠆⓍ߽ࠅߢ޽ߞߚޠޕߣ޿߁ߩߪޔߎߩᣣ ᧄ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥߪޟᱴߤ૗ੱ߽⌕ᚻߒዬࠄߑࠆߴߒߣ⠨߃ߡዬߚߎߩᣇ㕙ߩ⎇ⓥޠߢ޽ߞߚ ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕ߽ߞߣ߽ߔߢߦޟ㧨Ἇᧄ⺈৻㧪ඳ჻ߪޔߘࠇࠃࠅߕߞߣએ೨߆ࠄหߓ੐ߦᔒߒߡ ዬࠄࠇޔ㨯㨯㨯ᣧߊ߽ᵈ⋡ߒߡዬࠄࠇߚ੐ߪޔᒰᤨߩ૛ߩ⓯ߦᢘ᦯ߒߚᚲߢ޽ߞߚޠޕߒ߆ߒޔ ᓐߩᣣᧄ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥߪޟ᧲ᄢㄘ⑼ᄢቇታ⑼⻠Ꮷߦዞ⡯ߒߡㄘ᡽ቇࠍ⻠⟵ߔࠆߎߣޠ߿⎇ⓥ ࠽ࠥ࠙ ࠹࡯ࡑ߇ޟ⚻ᷣේ⺰߿␠ળਥ⟵ޠߥߤߦ⒖ߞߡ޿ߞߚߎߣߥߤ߽޽ߞߡޟᦨೋߩᔒࠍ ᡋ ߟߚޠޕ ߣߪ޿߃ޔ1908ᐕߩ੩ㇺᏢ࿖ᄢቇᴺ⑼ᄢቇߦዞ⡯ᓟޔᴡ਄ߪౣ߮ᣣᧄ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥߦᓥ੐ߒޔ ߘߩ⎇ⓥᚑᨐࠍ౏⴫ߒߚޕ߹ߐߦᴡ਄ߩᣣᧄ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥߪޔᷝ↰ߣߪ᣿ࠄ߆ߦ⇣ߥࠅޔᓐ ߩࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢߥ㑐ᔃ߆ࠄㆬ߫ࠇߚ࠹࡯ࡑߢ޽ߞߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕ  ᴡ਄ߪޟᓼᎹᤨઍࡁ⚻ᷣቇ⺑ࡥ⺰࠭ޠ=1903?ߦ߅޿ߡޔߘߩ․ᓽࠍԘ⚻ᷣቇߣ޿߁↪⺆ߪ࿖ ኅቇߣ޿߁↪⺆ߣหߓߢ޽ࠅޔԙㄘᬺ߇࿖ᧄߢ޽ࠅޔ࿯࿾෼⋉ߪή㒢ߦჇടߢ߈ࠆߣାߓޔԚ ⽻ᐊࠍ⾭ߒߺޔ☨Ⓝࠍዅ㊀ߒޔԛੱญߩㇺᏒᵹ಴ࠍህ޿ޔԜᅍ૽ࠍ㕖㔍ߒޔ▵↪ࠍᅑബߒޔԝ ⚻ᷣේೣߪޔ౉ࠆࠍ⸘ߞߡ಴ߕࠆࠍ೙ߔࠆߎߣޔߥߤߦ᳞߼ߚޕߘߩ਄ߢޔᴡ਄ߪᓼᎹᤨઍߩ ᄙߊߩᕁᗐኅࠍขࠅ޽ߍߚ߇ޔߘߩਛߢ߽ߞߣ߽㊀ⷞߒߚ߇ޔᴡ਄߇ᆎ߼ߡ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ߣߒߡ⚫ ੺ߒߚޔߘࠇࠁ߃ᷝ↰߇ᛒࠊߥ߆ߞߚਃᶆ᪢࿦ 1723-89 ߣޔ᧻ፒ⬿ਯഥ㧔ޡ࿖ኅቇળ㔀⹹ޢ╙ Ꮞޔ㧕߿ᷝ↰߇ࠞࡔ࡜࡝ࠬ࠻ߦಽ㘃ߒߚ૒⮮ାᷗ 1769-1850 ߢ޽ߞߚޕ  ᴡ਄ߦࠃࠇ߫ޟᓔޘ᣿⍎ࠍᰳ߈ޔᄙዋߩ┆ಣࠍሽߔࠆޠ߽ޔ᪢࿦ߪԘ⽻ᐊࠍ੤឵ߩᚻᲑߣߒ ߡߩߺ⹺߼ޔԙ⽻ᐊᢙ㊂⺑߿ࠣ࡟ࠪࡖࡓߩᴺೣࠍ⹺߼ޔԚ୘ੱ⚻ᷣߩንߪ⽻ᐊ㊂ߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ࿖ ᳃⚻ᷣߩንߪޟᏓ☿ེ᪾ޠ㧔᦭↪‛㧕ߢ޽ࠅޔԛᎿ໡ࠍήⷞߒ߃ߕޔԜ⥄⿷⚻ᷣࠍ଻ᜬߔߴ߈ ߛߣਥᒛߒߚߣޕߎߩᴡ਄ߩ᪢࿦⺰ߪ⽻ᐊ⺰ࠍ⿧߃ߡޔޡ⽺ਲ‛⺆ޢߩᕁᗐ⊛⿠Ḯࠍ⷗ࠆߎߣ ߽ߢ߈ࠆ㧔ਃ↰=2000?㧕ޕ  ߹ߚޔᒰᤨߩᣣᧄߢᏢ࿖ਥ⟵߿␠ળਥ⟵߇ߒߛ޿ߦ໧㗴ⷞߐࠇࠆᤨઍ⢛᥊ߩਛޔᴡ਄ߪޟᳯ ᚭᤨઍߦᣈߌࠆᏢ࿖ਥ⟵ޠߢାᷗࠍᛒ޿ޔᓐࠍޟ␠ળਥ⟵⠪ޠߣⷙቯߒߚޕߘࠇߪ߹ߐߦᴡ਄ ߇ᤨઍߩޟ໧㗴㑐ᔃࠍାᷗߩ⪺ᦠߦ⺒ߺㄟࠎߢ޿ߞߚޠ⚿ᨐߢ޽ߞߚޕߎࠇࠄߩᴡ਄ߦࠃࠆᣣ ᧄ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥߪޔߘߩേᯏ߇ޟࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢߥ⎇ⓥޠߦᆎ߹ߞߚ߽ߩߩޔߘߩᚑᨐߪ20਎

－151－ ♿ೋ㗡ߩᣣᧄ߇⋥㕙ߔࠆ໧㗴ߣߘߩ⸃᳿㧔⽺࿎࡮⽺ንߩᏅ࡮Ꮲ࿖ਥ⟵࡮␠ળਥ⟵㧕ࠍឭ␜ߔࠆ ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚޕ  ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᳯᚭᤨઍߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥߩᴡ਄ߩⷞὐߪޔએਅߩࠃ߁ߦ᣿␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߔߥ ࠊߜޟᚒޘߪ੹ߤ߁޿߰ࠊߌߢ᣿ᴦᤨઍߦ㧨↰ญවศ㧪ඳ჻ࠍㅢߒߡએ਄ߩᅤ߈⚻ᷣቇ߇ᣣᧄ ߦ⃻ߪࠇߚ߆ߩ␠ળ⊛ᩮ᜚ߦߟ޿ߡޔߪߞ߈ࠅߒߚᩮ᜚ࠍㅀߴ߃ߥ޿ߎߣࠍㆮᙝߣߔࠆޠߣᜰ ៰ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦޔ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥߪ޽ߊ߹ߢ߽⎇ⓥኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⚻ᷣቇߩޟ␠ળ⊛ᩮ᜚ޠࠍ໧߁߽ ߩߢߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕߘߩ਄ߢޔᴡ਄ߪߘߩᩮ᜚ࠍޟᕸ߽᣿ᴦᤨઍߦᣈߌ ࠆᣣᧄ␠ળߩ⾗ᧄਥ⟵߳ߩផ⒖߇ޔኾࠄౝ⊒⊛⊒ዷߩ⚿ᨐߣߒߡⴕߪࠇߚߩߢߪߥߊޔዋߥ߆ ࠄߕ᰷☨⾗ᧄਥ⟵ߩᄖㇱ⊛ೝỗߦ⽶߰ߣߎࠈ߇޽ߟߚࠃ߁ߦޔ⚻ᷣቇ߽߹ߚᄙߊߪᄖ࿖߆ࠄߩ ャ౉ຠߢ޽ࠅޔߘߩᚑ┙ߩ␠ળ⊛ᩮ᜚ߪᣣᧄߦᣈߌࠆࠃࠅ߽ካࠈࠃࠅᄙߊᄖ࿖ߦ޽ߞߚߩߢߪ ߥ޿߆ߣᕁ߰ޠ㧔=1928?㧕ߣޕߎߩᣣᧄ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥߩᴡ਄ߩⷞὐߪޔߘߩᓟᐢߊᣣᧄ⚻ᷣ ᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥߩ⎇ⓥⷞὐߣߥࠅޔ޽߃ߡᜰ៰ߔࠆߣߔࠇ߫ޔᳯᚭᤨઍߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥߣ᣿ᴦᦼ એ㒠ߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥߣߩ㑆ߦޔ⚿ᨐ⊛ߢߪ޽ࠆ߇ޔᄢ߈ߥḴࠍ૞ߊࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚޕ  ޣΦޤ⑔↰ᓼਃ 1874-1930   ⑔↰ᓼਃߪ1894ᐕ7᦬㜞╬໡ᬺቇᩞࠍතᬺߣหᤨߦ౓ᐶ⋵┙␹ᚭ໡ᬺቇᩞᢎ⻀ߦછ๮ߐࠇ⿞ છߒߚ߽ߩߩޔ⠉ᐕ9᦬ߦหᩞࠍㄉ⡯ߒޔ㜞╬໡ᬺቇᩞ⎇ⓥ⑼ߦ౉ቇߒߚޕ96ᐕߦතᬺߒޔ9᦬ ߆ࠄหᩞ໡ᬺታ〣⑼⻠Ꮷߦዞછߒߚޕ98ᐕ໡ᬺ⎇ⓥߩߚ߼࠼ࠗ࠷ߦ⇐ቇߒޔ࡜ࠗࡊ࠴ࡅᄢቇߢ ࡆࡘ࡯ࡅࡖ࡯ߦዞ߈ޔߐࠄߦࡒࡘࡦࡋࡦᄢቇߢࡉ࡟ࡦ࠲࡯ࡁߦዞ޿ߡޔ1899ᐕᓐߣߩ౒⪺ޡഭ ௛⚻ᷣ⺰ޢߩᐨࠍ⪺ߒߚޕߘߩ⇐ቇਛߩ1900ᐕ4᦬ߦ㜞╬໡ᬺቇᩞᢎ᝼ߦછ๮ߐࠇߚޕ  ߎߩ⇐ቇਛߩ1899ᐕ10᦬߆ࠄ㐿⻠ߐࠇߚࡉ࡟ࡦ࠲࡯ࡁߩ⚻ᷣผߩ⻠⟵ࠍฃߌߚ⑔↰ߦޟ⛘߃ ࠤࠗࠤࠗ ߕߘߩ㗻ߦᓸ╉ߺࠍḖ߳ޔ㧨ߘߩ㧪⌒శὉޘߚࠆ߽ߩ޽ࠆࠍ⷗ߚޠࡉ࡟ࡦ࠲࡯ࡁ߇ߘߩℂ↱ࠍ ዆ߨࠆߣޟ᰷⟜Ꮙ⚻ᷣผߦዞߡቇ߱ᚲߪޔᖅߊᣣᧄߩᱧผߣ৻⥌ߔࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޠߣ╵߃ߣ޿ ߁ޕߎࠇ߇ޔ⑔↰߇ޡᣣᧄ⚻ᷣผ⺰ޢ 1900 ࠍ಴ ߒߚ৻ߟߩℂ↱ߢ޽ߞߚޕ ߎߩޡผ⺰ޢߦઃߐࠇߚ⑔↰⸶ߩࡉ࡟ࡦ࠲࡯ࡁߩᐨᢥ߆ࠄ⑔↰߇ᜰ៰ߒߚ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄߣᣣᧄ ߩ౒ㅢߔࠆᱧผࠍ␜ߘ߁ޕޟ੹ᣣ᦭ࠄࠁࠆᢥ᣿࿖᳃ߪޔߘߩේ૑࿾એᄖߩ࿾ࠍ㗔᦭ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ ޽ߞߡޔᣣᧄੱ߽੦ߘߩ଀ߦṳࠇߥ޿ޠޕޟᣣᧄߦଚ౉ߒޔߘߩቯ૑ޠߔࠆ㓙ޟ᳁ᣖߩ࿅⚿ࠍ ⚵❱ޠߒߚߩ߇ᣣᧄߩ⊞ቶߢ޽ߞߚ߇ޔߘߩ⊞ቶ߽ޟఝ⿧ߥࠆ⇣⒳ᢥൻ㧨ਛ࿖࡮ᦺ㞲ޔ૝ᢎ㧪 ߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߡޠޟᢥ᣿ߩၞߦዉ߆ࠇߚߌࠇߤ߽ޠޟర᳇ࠍᄬޠߞߚޕ⊞ቶ࡮਄ᵹ␠ળߩੱޘ ߩነㅴߦࠃߞߡኹ㒮߇ޟᦨᄢߩ࿾ਥޠߣߥߞߚߩߪޔ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄߩᢎળߣหߓߢ޽ߞߚޕ  ߎߩࠃ߁ߥޟਛᄩᮭജߩ⁛ⵙ᡽ᴦߦઍࠊߞߡޔ௖߆ߦฬ⟵਄ߩ⊞ቶߩᦨ㜞ᮭജࠍ⹺߼ޔ࿾ᣇ ߩ㗔ਥߣߒߡ⥄┙ޠߒߚߩ߇࿖มߢ޽ߞߚޕߘߩਛߢޟᄖ⷗਄ኽᑪ⊛ᒻᑼࠍ⛽ᜬߒߟࡰઁߩ⻉ ᄢฬࠍᓥ߳࿖᳃↢ᵴߩ᦭ࠁࠆ⚦▵ߦਗ਼ߞߡᱷࠆ㓊ߥߊᡰ㈩ᮭࠍో࿖ߦ෸߷ߒޠޔޟ᰷⟜Ꮙߦᣈ ߡኽᑪ࿖ኅ߇፣უߖࠆߣಠߘᤨࠍหߓߊߒߡޔᣣᧄߦᣈߡ߽੦ኾ೙⊛⼊ኤ࿖ኅ߇ਯߦઍޠ߃ߚ ߩ߇ᓼᎹ᐀ᐭߢ޽ߞߚޕޟߐ߁ߒߡᤚ߇⚻ᷣ਄㒝㓐ߩ⃻⽎ߚࠆࡔ࡞ࠞࡦ࠴࡞࡮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߇ᅤ૗ ߦߒߡ⒎ᐨ⊛ߦㆀⴕߐࠇߚޠޕ߹ߐߦޟᱝ㎮࿖߇ᣣᧄߩ⚻ᷣ਄෸␠ળ਄ㅴᱠߩ⧎ࠍ㐿߆ߖߚᓟޔ ౔ߩᚑഞߪ߿߇ߡ፣უࠍ᧪ߔේ࿃ߣߥߞߚޠޕߘߩᄾᯏߪޟᓐࠄ㧨ᱞ჻㧪ߩਛ߆ࠄޔਗߦ࿖ቇ ⠪ߩ㑆߆ࠄޔ18਎♿ߦᣈߌࠆ੽⯗⷏㕟๮ߩవ㚟⠪ߚࠅߒ߽ߩߣห᭽ߩ⎕უ⊛ಽሶࠍ↢ߕࠆޠࠃ ߁ߦߥࠅޔޟᱝ⎕უ⊛૞↪߇ታ⃻ߖࠄࠇࠆߦߪޔ໑ᄖ᧪⊛ේ࿃ࠍⷐߔࠆߩߺߢߣߥߞߚޕἄᱫ ߩ⼊ኤ࿖ኅߪㆀߦୟࠇߚޠޕߘࠇߪࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߩࠢࡠࡓ࠙ࠛ࡞ߣฬ⹷㕟๮ޔࡈ࡜ࡦࠬ㕟๮ޔ࠼ࠗ ࠷࡮ࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡝ࠕਃ᦬㕟๮ߣหߓߢ޽ߞߚߣ޿߁ޕ߹ߐߦޔ⑔↰ߪ᣿ᴦ⛽ᣂࠍࡉ࡞ࠫࡘࠕ㕟๮

－152－ ߢ޽ߞߚߣߔࠆ┙႐ߦ┙ߞߚޕ ߎߩࠃ߁ߦޟࡔ࡞ࠞࡦ࠴࡞࡮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓޠࠍޟኾ೙⊛⼊ኤ࿖ኅޠߦޟ⚻ᷣ਄㒝㓐ߩ⃻⽎ޠߛߣ

ߔࠆ⑔↰ߪޔߐࠄߦޟ⚻ᷣ↢ᵴߣ⚻ᷣቇ⺑හߜᤨޘߩ⚻ᷣ⃻⽎ߦ㑐ߔࠆቇ⠪ߩᚲ⺰ ⑼ቇߣߒߡߩ⚻

ᷣቇߦ޽ࠄߕ ߣߪ᦭ᯏ⊛㑐ଥࠍ᦭ߔࠆ߽ߩޠߢ޽ࠅޟ⥜߳ࠄࠇߚࠆ⚻ᷣ⚵❱ߪޔ෶ਯࠇߦᔕߕߴ ߈৻ߩ⚻ᷣቇ⺑ࠍ᦭ߔࠆޠࠁ߃ߦޔޟ⚻ᷣผߩ⎇ⓥߦၮߠ߆ߑࠆ⚻ᷣቇผߪోὼή↪ޠߢ޽ࠆ ߣਥᒛߔࠆ㧔=1903?㧕ޕ  ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผⷰࠍᛴߊ⑔↰ߪޔᓼᎹᤨઍߩ⚻ᷣቇ⺑ࠍޟ৻⽾ߒߡኽᑪ೙ᐲߦ߅޿ߡ ߩߺ㑐ㅪޠߒߡ⸥ㅀߒߚἏᧄ⺈৻ޡᣣᧄ⚻ᷣቇ⺑ߩⷐ㗔ޢ=?ࠍᛕ್ߒޔޟᚒ㇌ߦᣈߡ⁛․ ߩ⊒㆐ࠍ⷗ߚࠆ৻⒳ߩޡࡔ࡞ࠞࡦ࠴࡝࠭ࡓޢහߜ࿖ኅ⥄⿷⚻ᷣߩᦨ߽ቢోߒߚࠆᤨઍߣᾖᔕߒ ﹇第二日目﹈ ࠪࡖࠦ ߡ⷗ޠࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠅޔޟ⊕⍹ޔᓖᓭߩ⚻ᷣቇ⺑ࠃࠅ㕍㒺ߩ⺑ߦ⥋ࠆ߹ߢ૗ࠇ߽ㅡ▎㎮ኽ⊛࿖ኅ 第一会場 ⚻ᷣߩ↥‛ߚࠄߑࠆߪߥߒޠߣߔࠆ㧔=1914?㧕ޕ ߎߩࠃ߁ߥޟࡔ࡞ࠞࡦ࠴࡝࠭ࡓޠℂ⸃ߪޔᒰὼޟࡈࠖࠫࠝࠢ࡜࠶࠻ޠℂ⸃ߦ߽෸߮ޔߎߩ↪ ⺆ࠍޟ㊀ㄘቇᵷޠߣ⸶ߒޔޟᓼᎹᤨઍߩቇ⠪ߪ᭎ߨㄘᬺዅ㊀⺑ࠍ໒߃ޠޟ⽻ᐊࠍㆊ㊀ߔࠆᤨ൓ ࠍ㕖㔍㧨ߒ㧪㨯㨯㨯⽻ᐊߩᧄ⾰ߦዞߡ㨯㨯㨯⺰ߕࠆߦ૛ࠅീ߼ߡዬޠࠄߥ޿ߚ߼ߦޔޟଢቱ਄ߎࠇࠍ ㊀ㄘ⺰⠪߹ߚߪ৻⿷㘧߮ߦ㊀ㄘቇᵷߥߤߣޔ✚⒓ߔࠆߎߣޠߪޟ↟ߛ㕙⊕޿ṖⓀޠߢ޽ࠅޔޟᓼ Ꮉᤨઍߦߪޡࡈࡣࠫࠝࠢ࡜࠷࠻ޢ৻ੱ߽⷗ᒰߚࠄߧޠߣ߹ߢ⑔↰ߪਥᒛߔࠆ㧔=1910?㧕ޕߐࠄ ߦޔ⑔↰ߪᓼᎹᤨઍߩᣣᧄ⚻ᷣቇ⺑ࠍ᰷ᎺߩߘࠇߣࠍᲧセߒߡޔޟᰳߊᚲߩ߽ߩߪ1752ᐕࠃࠅ 1823ᐕߦ⥋⧷࿖⚻ᷣቇߩ㤛㊄ᤨઍᤚߩߺޠߢ޽ࠅޔߘߩ଀ߣߒߡᄥቿᤐบޔᾢᴛ⭅ጊޔᣂ੗⊕ ⍹ޔ⩆↢ᓖᓭޔਃᶆ᪢࿦ޔᶏ଻㕍㒺ࠄ18ฬߩቇ⠪ࠍ᜼ߍޟᚒ㇌ߩቇ໧๺⯗ߦᲧߒߡ⪺ߒߊഠࠇ ࠅߣߥߔ߽ߩᕟࠄߊ৻ੱ߽ਯࠇ޽ࠄߑࠆนߒޕ໑ਇᐘߦߒߡᚒ㇌ߦߪࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߥߊࠕ࠳ࡓ࡮ࠬ ࡒࠬߥ߈ߩߺޠ㧔=1914?㧕ߣᜰ៰ߔࠆޕ  ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ⑔↰ߪᓼᎹᤨઍࠍޟኾ೙⊛⼊ኤ࿖ኅޠߣߣࠄ߃ޔߘࠇߦޟ⚻ᷣ਄ઃ㓐ߔࠆ⃻⽎ޠ ࠍޟࡔ࡞ࠞࡦ࠴࡞࡮ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓޠߣߒޔߘߩ␜ߔ⚻ᷣᕁᗐࠍޟࡔ࡞ࠞࡦ࠴࡝࠭ࡓޠߣࠄ߃ޔߘࠇ ࠍᡰ߃ࠆਃᶆ᪢࿦ࠍઍ⴫ߔࠆᣣᧄߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐኅߪޔࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߩฎౖᵷ⚻ᷣቇ⠪ࠍ㒰ߌ߫ޔ᰷☨ ߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐኅߦᲧ⢋ߢ߈ࠆߣ⠨߃ߚޕߘࠇߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔࡈ࡞ࠫࡘࠕ㕟๮㧔⑔↰ߦࠃࠇ߫ޟᚒ ࡉ࡞࠵ࠜࠔࠫ࡯ࠍஉᄢߥࠆ߽ߩߚࠄߒ߼ߚߩߪ᡽ᐭߩ଻⼔ᐓᷤߢ޽ࠆޠ㧕ߣᝒ߃ࠄࠇߚ᣿ᴦ⛽ ᣂߪޟᓼᎹ᐀ᐭࠍୟߔߣ౒ߦޔߘߩ↥‛ࠍᱴࠎߤ⊝ᛂᝥߡࠒ઀⥰ߞߚޠޕߘߩਛ߆ࠄఝࠇߚ↥ ‛ࠍ⊒⷗ߒߚߩ߇ޔผቇࠍᔨ㗡ߦ߅޿ߡߢߪ޽ߞߚ߇ޔ↰ญවศߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁㧔=1927? ޕ  ߎߩࠃ߁ߦᣣᧄߩᒰᤨߩ᡽ᴦ⊛࡮⚻ᷣ⊛⃻⁁ߣߘߩᕁᗐ⁁ᴫࠍ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄߣᲧ⢋ߒ߁ࠆ߽ߩ ߛߣᝒ߃ߚ⑔↰ߢ޽ߞߚ߆ࠄߎߘޔࡉ࡟ࡦ࠲࡯ࡁ߽ᜰ៰ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦޔߘߩޡഭ௛⚻ᷣ⺰ޢߢ⑔ ↰ߪޟㄭ਎ᣣᧄᎿᬺߩ┹੎⢻ജߪ౔ૐᑇߥࠆഭ௛ߦ޽ࠅߣߔࠆ⺑⺋⻪ߣߒߡᢺߌޠޟᣣᧄഭ௛ ⠪߇᰷Ꮊഭ௛⠪ߦᲧߒߡഭ௛ല⒟ߩഠࠇࠆޠߎߣࠍᜰ៰ߒޔૐ⾓㊄ࠍᛕ್ߒޔഭ௛᧦ઙߩᡷༀ ࠍ᳞߼ߚߩߢ޽ࠆ㧔੗਄=?㧕ޕ߹ߐߦߎߩ࠹࡯ࡑߎߘ⑔↰߇↢ᶦㅢߓߡ৻⽾ߒߡ⠨ⓥߒߟ ߠߌߚ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚߒޔߐࠄߦㅴ߼ߡᒰᤨ᰷☨⚻ᷣቇߩᦨᣂߩ࠹࡯ࡑߢ޽ߞߚޟෘ↢⚻ᷣ㧨ቇ 㧪ޠߩᒻᚑޔߐࠄߦߪߘࠇࠍ⿧߃ࠆޟ⿅ਈߩ⚻ᷣቇޠߩᒻᚑ㧔↰ਛ=2000?㧕ߦᣣᧄ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ ⎇ⓥߛߌߢߥߊޔ᰷☨ߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥࠍ೑↪ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ  ޣΧޤ⚿⺆  ᣿ᴦᦼߦ߅ߌࠆޟቭᐡࠛࠦࡁࡒࠬ࠻ޠޟ᣿ᴦߩ࠹ࠢࡁࠢ࡜࡯࠻ޠߢ޽ߞߚᷝ↰ኼ৻ޔᣣᧄ⚻ ᷣᕁᗐผኅᴡ਄⡸ޔ⑔↰ᓼਃߦࠃࠆᣣᧄ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥߪޔߘߩᗧ࿑߿⎇ⓥᣇᴺ߇⇣ߥࠆ߽ߩ ߩޔᒰᤨߩᣣᧄ߇ᛴ߃ߡ޿ߚ᡽ᴦ⊛࡮⚻ᷣ⊛⺖㗴ߦᓇ㗀ࠍ⒟ᐲߩᏅߪ޽ࠇฃߌߥ߇ࠄߘߩ⺖㗴

－153－ ߩ⸃᳿ߩߚ߼ߦޔߐࠄߦ⑔↰ߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦᣣᧄ↥ߩᣂߒ޿⚻ᷣቇߩᒻᚑߦะߌߡޔᣣᧄ⚻ ᷣᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥࠍⴕߞߡ߈ߚߣ޿߃ࠆޕߎࠇࠄߩ଀ߪޔᣣᧄߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥ߇ᣣᧄߦ߅޿ߡ߽ ޟࠕࠞ࠺ࡒ࠶ࠢߦߪޔ㨯㨯㨯વ⛔⊛ߦฃߌ౉ࠇࠄࠇߡ߈ߚޠޟ৻⒳ߩ Dogmen-Geschichte ߣߒߡޔ ⚻ᷣቇߩ⻉▸⇵࡮⻉ℂ⺰ߩㅪ㑐࡮⛮ᛚ߹ߚߪ⊒ዷࠍ⺰ℂ⊛ߦߚߕߨࠆቇ⺑ผޠߢߪߥߊޔߘࠇ ࠍ฽ߺߥ߇ࠄ߽ޟ⚻ᷣ⊛࡮᡽ᴦ⊛਎⇇ߣߩ߆߆ࠊࠅߩਛߢ޽ࠆࠗ࠺ࠝࡠࠡ࡯⊛ᓎഀࠍᨐߚߔ̌⚻ ᷣ⊛␠ળ᭴ᚑ૕ߦ㑐ߔࠆℂ⺰߿᭴ᗐ̍ߦߟ޿ߡߩᱧผቇ⊛⠨ኤޠ㧔㐳=2009?㧕߇ਇචಽߥ߇ࠄ 㧚㧚 ߽ⴕࠊࠇߚ଀ߢ޽ࠅޔ1960ᐕઍ೨ᓟߩᣣᧄߩቇผ⎇ⓥߢ߽޽ࠆ⒟ᐲታ⃻ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߩ೨଀ߢ޽ ߞߚޕ 

－154－ ޟ⷗߃ߑࠆᚻޠߣޟࠦࡦࡧࠚࡦ࡚ࠪࡦޠ 㧙 ࠬࡒࠬߣࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߩ⒎ᐨ↢ᚑ⺰ 㧙 ᩊ↰ᓼᄥ㇢                      㧔᧲੩ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⚻ᷣቇ⎇ⓥ⑼㧕 ߪߓ߼ߦ  ࿾⃿ⅣႺ໧㗴ߩᷓೞൻߪޔ㒢ࠄࠇߚ⾗Ḯࠍ⃻ᓎ਎ઍ㑆ߢᅓ޿ว߁ߣ޿߁໧㗴 ߛߌߦᱛ߹ࠄߕޔ⃻ᓎ਎ઍߣ዁᧪਎ઍߩ೑ኂߩኻ┙ߣ޿߁໧㗴ࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߒߡ޿ ࠆޕੱ㑆ߪߤߩࠃ߁ߦߒߚࠄኻ┙ࠍస᦯ߒߡදജ߇น⢻ߥߩߛࠈ߁߆ޕߎߩ໧㗴 ߩ⸃᳿ࠍޟ⒎ᐨߪ⥄↢⊛ߦ↢ᚑߔࠆޠߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ⺰ߓࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ᦭ജߥ⠨߃ ﹇第二日目﹈ ᣇ߇޽ࠆޕߘߩౖဳ߇ࡂࠗࠛࠢߩ⼏⺰ߢ޽ࠆޕࡂࠗࠛࠢߪ⸳⸘ਥ⟵ࠍᛕ್ߒޔ⥄ 第二会場 ↢⊛⒎ᐨ⺰ࠍ㜞ߊ⹏ଔߔࠆޕߘߒߡޔ೨⠪ߩᕁᗐ⊛Ḯᵹࠍࡎ࠶ࡉࠬߣ࠺ࠞ࡞࠻ߦ ᳞߼ޔᓟ⠪ߩḮᵹࠍࠬࡒࠬ߿ࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߦ᳞߼ߡ޿ࠆޕߛ߇ޔߎߩኻᲧߪㆡಾߥߩ ߛࠈ߁߆ޕࡎ࠶ࡉࠬߣ࠺ࠞ࡞࠻ߩ਎⇇ⷰ߇ᩮᧄ⊛ߦ⇣ߥࠆߩߣห᭽ߦޔࠬࡒࠬߣ ࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߩ਎⇇߽ⷰᩮᧄ⊛ߦ⇣ߥࠆޕࠬࡒࠬߩ⥄↱᡼છ⺰ߩ⢛ᓟߦߪޔℂ␹⺰ߩ ⺞๺⊛਎⇇ⷰ߇޽ࠆޕߎߩ਎⇇ⷰࠍ⽎ᓽߔࠆࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼߇ޟ⷗߃ߑࠆᚻޠߢ޽ࠆޕ ߎࠇߦኻߒߡޔࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߪℂ␹⺰ࠍᛕ್ߒޔⓏஜߥᙬ⇼ਥ⟵ߦၮߠߊ೙ᐲߩ⥄↢ ⊛↢ᚑ⺰ࠍዷ㐿ߔࠆޕߎߜࠄߩࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼ߪޟࠦࡦࡧࠚࡦ࡚ࠪࡦޠߢ޽ࠆޕࠬࡒ ࠬߪޔ⷏᰷ߩᱜ⛔ᕁᗐࠍ⛮ᛚߔࠆℂ␹⺰⊛ߥࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ࠍណࠅޔࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߪޔ⷏ ᰷ߩ⇣┵ᕁᗐࠍ⛮ᛚߔࠆ↢‛ቇ⊛ߢ⥄↢⊛⒎ᐨ↢ᚑࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ࠍណ↪ߒߡ޿ࠆޕ ᧄⓂߩ⺖㗴ߪޔਔ⠪ߩ਎⇇ⷰߣ⒎ᐨ↢ᚑ⺰ࠍᲧセᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣߦ޽ࠆޕ 㧝㧚ࠬࡒࠬߩ⒎ᐨ↢ᚑ⺰ 㧔㧝㧕㆏ᓼືቇߩ⻉૕♽ߦߟ޿ߡ ࠬࡒࠬߪޔޡ㆏ᓼᗵᖱ⺰ޢ╙㧢ㇱߦ߅޿ߡޔ㧞ߟߩ໧㗴ߦ㑐ߒߡ⻉ቇ⺑ߩ⹏ଔ ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆޕ╙㧝ߪޟᓼߪߤߎߦ޽ࠆ߆ޠߣ޿߁໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩ໧㗴ߦ㑐ߒ ߡߪޔ㧟ߟߩ⺑߇޽ࠆޕ╙㧝ߩ⺑ߪޔޟᓼߪⴕേߩㆡቱᕈ㧔 propriety 㧕ߦ޽ ࠆޠߣ޿߁⠨߃ᣇߢޔࡊ࡜࠻ࡦޔࠕ࡝ࠬ࠻࠹࡟ࠬޔࠬ࠻ࠕቇᵷߩ࠯ࡁࡦޔߘߒߡ ℂ␹⺰⠪ࠢ࡜࡯ࠢߩ⺑ߢ޽ࠆޕ╙㧞ߩ⺑ߪޟᓼߪᘕᘦ㧔 prudence 㧕ߦ޽ࠆޠߣ ޿߁⠨߃ᣇߢޔࠛࡇࠢࡠࠬ߿ࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߩ⺑ߢ޽ࠆޕ╙㧟ߩ⺑ߪޟᓼߪੳᗲ 㧔 benevolence 㧕ߦ޽ࠆޠߣ޿߁⠨߃ᣇߢޔࡂ࠴ࠬࡦߩ⺑ߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩ㧟ߟߩ⠨ ߃ᣇߩ߁ߜޔࠬࡒࠬߪ╙㧝ߩ⺑㧔ㆡቱᕈ㧕ࠍᦨ߽㜞ߊ⹏ଔߒޔ╙㧞ߩ⺑㧔ᘕᘦ㧕 ࠍᦨ߽ૐߊ⹏ଔߔࠆޕ ╙㧞ߩ໧㗴ߪޔޟᤚ⹺ߪ♖␹ߩߤࠎߥജ߹ߚߪ⢻ജߦࠃߞߡࠊࠇࠊࠇߦߔߔ߼ ࠄࠇࠆ߆ޠߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩ໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ߽㧟ߟߩ⺑߇޽ࠆޕ╙㧝߇ޟᤚ⹺ߩේℂࠍ

－155－ ⥄ᗲᔃ߆ࠄᒁ߈಴ߔޠ⠨߃ᣇߢޔࡎ࠶ࡉࠬޔࡊ࡯ࡈࠚࡦ࠼࡞ࡈޔࡑࡦ࠺ࡧࠖ࡞ߥ ߤߩ⺑ߢ޽ࠆޕ╙㧞߇ޟℂᕈࠍᤚ⹺ߩේℂߣߔࠆޠ⠨߃ᣇߢߎࠇ߽ࡎ࠶ࡉࠬߩ⺑ ߢ޽ࠆޕ╙㧟߇ޟᗵᖱࠍᤚ⹺ߩේℂߣߔࠆޠ⠨߃ᣇߢޔࡂ࠴ࠬࡦޔࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߩ⺑ ߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩ໧㗴ߦ㑐ߒߡࠬࡒࠬߪ╙㧟ߩ⺑ࠍᡰᜬߔࠆޕ ╙㧞ߩ໧㗴ߦ㑐ߒߡޔࠬࡒࠬߪ㆏ᓼࠍℂᕈ߆ࠄߢߪߥߊᗵᖱ߆ࠄᒁ߈಴ߒߡߊ ࠆ⠨߃ᣇࠍᡰᜬߒޔࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߣห᭽ߦ sympathy ߆ࠄ㆏ᓼࠍ⺑᣿ߔࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔ ╙㧝ߩ໧㗴ߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ㆏ᓼߩၮ␆ࠍ౏౒⊛ല↪㧔public utility㧕ߦ᳞߼ࠆࡅࡘ ࡯ࡓࠍᛕ್ߒޔㆡቱᕈࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆޕߘߩ㓙ߦᒝ⺞ߐࠇߚߩ߇ޔࠬ࠻ࠕቇᵷ߿ℂ␹ ⺰ߩ਎⇇ⷰߢ޽ߞߚޕ 㧔㧞㧕ޟㆡቱᕈޠߣߪ૗߆ ߢߪޔޟㆡቱᕈޠߣߪ૗߆ޕߘࠇߪޔޟઁߩੱޘߩ⋡ࠍ߽ߞߡ⷗ࠆޠߎߣߦࠃ ߞߡޟᚒޘ⥄りߩ೑ኂޠ߿ᗵᖱࠍᛥ೙ߔࠆߎߣޔߘߩߎߣ߇ⷰኤ⠪ߦߪޟㆡಾ 㧔 proper 㧕ޠߦ⷗߃ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕߘߒߡޔߎߩޟㆡቱᕈޠߩᗵⷡ߇౏ ౒⊛ല↪ߦ⾗ߔࠆߣ޿߁ߩߪ޽ߣ߆ࠄ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅޔቴⷰ⊛ߥⷰὐࠍᜬ ߞߡⴕേߔࠆੱޘߪߘߩߎߣߪᗧ⼂ߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߩ߇ࠬࡒࠬߩ⸒޿ߚ޿ߎߣ ߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕߎߩ⠨߃ᣇߩᩮᐩߦߪℂ␹⺰⊛਎⇇ⷰ߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆޕ 㧔㧟㧕ℂ␹⺰⊛਎⇇ⷰ ᓐߪޟ૞↪࿃㧔 efficient cause 㧕ޠ ߣޟ⋡⊛࿃㧔final cause 㧕ޠࠍ඙೎ߔࠆޕ ቝቮࠍᙬਛᤨ⸘ߦ༙߃ߡޔࠬࡒࠬߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߦㅀߴࠆޕޟᙬਛᤨ⸘ߩᱤゞߪߔߴ ߡޔߘࠇࠄ߇૞ࠄࠇߚ⋡⊛ߔߥࠊߜᤨࠍ␜ߔߣ޿߁ߎߣߦޔᗵགྷߔߴ߈ㆡวߐࠇ ߡ޿ࠆ ޠޕߛ߇ޔᤨࠍ␜ߔߣ޿߁ᗧ᰼ߣᗧ࿑ࠍᱤゞ߇ᜬߞߡ޿ࠆࠊߌߢߪߥ޿ޕ ߘߩᗧ᰼ߣᗧ࿑ߪޟᤨ⸘⵾૞⠪ߦᏫዻޠߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕߘࠇߣหߓࠃ߁ߦޟቝ ቮߩߤߩㇱಽߦ߅޿ߡ߽ޔᚒޘߪޔ⻉ᚻᲑ߇ޔߘࠇࠄߦࠃߞߡ↢ߺ಴ߔߎߣ߇ᗧ ࿑ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⻉⋡⊛ߦޔ߽ߞߣ߽ߺߏߣߥᛛᏁߢㆡวߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩࠍ⷗ࠆ ޠޕߎ ߩ႐วޔޟᗧ࿑ޠߪޟቝቮߩஉᄢߥ⵾૞⠪ޠߦᏫዻߔࠆޕ ੱ㑆␠ળ߽ห᭽ߢ޽ࠆޕޟ␠ળߩ৻⥸⊛೑ኂ߳ߩ⠨ᘦޠߪޟᦨ㜞ሽ࿷ޠ߇ᗧ࿑ ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕੱ㑆ߪޟ⷗߃ߑࠆᚻޠߦዉ߆ࠇߡޟᦨ㜞ሽ࿷ޠߩᗧ࿑ࠍታ⃻ߔ ࠆޕੱ㑆ߪޟ૞↪࿃ޠߦߒ߆㑐ਈߒߥ޿ޕᚒޘߪޟหᗵޠߣ޿߁ᗵᖱߦၮߠ߈ޔ ␠ળߩߥ߆ߩ⚻㛎ߩⓍߺ㊀ߨߦࠃࠅޟ౏ᐔߥⷰኤ⠪ޠߩ⋡ࠍ⢷ਛߦᒻᚑߔࠆޕߎ ߩቴⷰ⊛ߥⷰὐߦၮߠߊޟ⥄Ꮖᛥ೙ޠߦࠃࠅޔޟᗧ࿑ߖߑࠆ⚿ᨐߣߒߡޠޟ␠ળ ߩ৻⥸⊛೑⋉ޠ߇ታ⃻ߐࠇࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕ 㧔㧠㧕ޟㆡቱᕈޠᗵⷡ↢ᚑߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓ ߢߪޔޟ૞↪࿃ޠߪߤߩࠃ߁ߦߒߡޟቝቮߩஉᄢߥ⵾૞⠪ޠߩޟᗧ࿑ޠࠍታ⃻ߔ

－156－ ࠆߩߢ޽ࠈ߁߆ޕޟㆡቱᕈޠߩᗵⷡߪߤߩࠃ߁ߦ↢ߺ಴ߐࠇࠆߩߢ޽ࠈ߁߆ޕࠬ ࡒࠬ߇⺰ߓߚ⒎ᐨ↢ᚑࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕੱ㑆ߪޟᗐ௝਄ߩ┙ ႐ߩ੤឵ޠߦࠃࠅઁ⠪ߦޟหᗵޠߒޔઁ⠪ߩ⥄ಽߦኻߔࠆޟหᗵޠࠍ༑߱ޕߎߩ ޟหᗵޠߣ޿߁ᗵᖱߦၮߠ߈ޔ␠ળߩਛߢ⚻㛎ࠍⓍߺ㊀ߨޔޟ⷗߃ߑࠆᚻޠߦዉ ߆ࠇߡޟ౏ᐔߥⷰኤ⠪ޠߩ⋡ࠍ⢷ਛߦᒻᚑߔࠆޕ 㧔㧡㧕ޡ㆏ᓼᗵᖱ⺰ޢߩᗧ⟵ߣ໧㗴ὐ  ޟᗐ௝਄ߩ┙႐ߩ੤឵ޠߦࠃࠅޔઁ⠪ߩ┙႐ߦ┙ߞߡ⥄ಽࠍቴⷰ⊛ߦ⌑߼ࠆߣ ޿߁ߎߣߪޔ␠ળ⊛⒎ᐨߩ↢ᚑߦ߅޿ߡ㊀ⷐߥⷐ࿃ߢ޽ࠆޕⅣႺ໧㗴ߥߤࠍ⠨߃ ࠆߣޔޟᗐ௝਄ߩ┙႐ߩ੤឵ޠߦࠃࠅޟ዁᧪਎ઍޠߩ┙႐ߦ┙ߞߡ߽ߩࠍ⠨߃ࠆޔ ﹇第二日目﹈ ߣ޿߁ߎߣߪ੹ᓟ⋉ޘ㊀ⷐߣߥߞߡ᧪ࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕޟᗐ௝਄ߩ┙႐ߩ੤឵ޠߦࠃ 第二会場 ࠆޟหᗵޠߣ޿߁ⷐ࿃ࠍޟ૞↪࿃ޠߣߒߡޔ㆏ᓼⷰޔ୶ℂߩ↢ᚑࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓࠍ᣿ ࠄ߆ߦߒߚߎߣߪࠬࡒࠬߩ⽸₂ߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕߛ߇ޔߎߩ⺰ℂዷ㐿ߦߪ޿ߊߟ߆ߩ⇼ ໧߇ᱷࠆޕ ╙㧝ߩ⇼໧ߪޔޟᗐ௝਄ߩ┙႐ߩ੤឵ޠߦࠃࠅઁ⠪ߣหߓᗵᖱࠍᜬߟߎߣߪߪ ߚߒߡน⢻ߛࠈ߁߆ߣ޿߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕࠬࡒࠬߪޔⷰኤ⠪ߩ⚻㛎߿ⷰኤ⠪ߩりㄭ ߥੱޘߩ⚻㛎ߩⷰኤ߆ࠄޔᒰ੐⠪ߩᗵᖱࠍᗐ௝ߔࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔ㘃ૃߩ⚻㛎߇⇣ߥ ࠆੱޘߦ⇣ߥࠆᤨὐߢ㘃ૃߩᗵᖱࠍ↥ߺ಴ߔ߆ߤ߁߆ߪਇ⏕ቯߢ޽ࠆޕߘߩᤨޔ ⥄ಽ߇ᗐ௝ߒߚઁ⠪ߩᗵᖱߦ㑐ߔࠆ઒⺑ࠍޔታ㓙ߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߦࠃߞߡ ⏕⸽ߔࠆޔߣ޿߁⼏⺰߇ᰳߌߡ޿ࠆޕታ㓙ߦᒰ੐⠪ߣ⹤ߒߡߺߚࠄޔᓐߩᗵߓߡ ޿ߚߎߣߪᗐ௝ߒߡ޿ߚ߽ߩߣߪోߊ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ߚߣ޿߁ߎߣߪࠃߊ޽ࠆߎߣߢ ޽ࠆޕࠬࡒࠬߩ⼏⺰ߪޔ޽ߊ߹ߢ߽ޟⷰኤޠߣޟᗐ௝ޠ߇ਛᔃߢޔ⸒⺆ߦࠃࠆࠦ ࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߣ޿߁ⷞⷺߪ⒘⭯ߢ޽ࠆޕ ╙㧞ߩ⇼໧ߪޔⷰኤ⠪߇⷗⍮ࠄߧ╙ਃ⠪ߩⴕὑࠍ⷗ࠆߣ߈ߦޔޟ๟ㄝߩޠੱޘ ߿ઁߩੱޘߣޟหߓ⷗ᣇߢ⷗ߡ޿ࠆޠߎߣ߇ޔ౏ᐔߢਛ┙⊛ߥⷰኤ⠪ߩ⷗ᣇߢ⷗ ߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߪಽ߆ࠄߥ޿ߣ޿߁ὐߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩ໧㗴ߪޔޟ⒓⾥߳ ߩᗲᅢޠߣޟ⒓⾥ߦ୯ߔࠆߎߣ߳ߩᗲᅢޠߩ඙೎ߣ߽㑐ㅪߔࠆޕೋ ߢߪޔᚒޘ ߪ๟ࠅߩઁ⠪ߩቴⷰ⊛ߥ⷗ᣇࠍᮨ୮ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡޔ౏ᐔߥⷰኤ⠪ߩ⷗ᣇࠍᔃ ߩਛߦ⸳ߌࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߣ⺰ߓߡ޿ߚ߇ޔ╙㧢 ߢߪޔ๟ࠅߩઁ⠪ߩቴⷰ⊛⷗ᣇ ߦ߽㧞⒳㘃޽ࠆߎߣ߇⺰ߓࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ৻⥸ᐼ᳃㧔ንߣ࿾૏ߩᗵགྷ⠪㧕ߩ⷗ᣇߣ ⾫⠪㧔⧷⍮ߣᓼߩᗵགྷ⠪㧕ߩ⷗ᣇߢ޽ࠆޕ ߎߩ╙㧢 ߩᄌᦝߪޔࠬࡒࠬߩ㆏ᓼᗵᖱ↢ᚑ⺰ߦ㊀ᄢߥᄌൻࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚޕ৻ᣇ ߢޔࠬࡒࠬߪޟን߳ߩ㆏ޠࠍ␠ળߩ㊀ⷐߥⷙ▸ߣߒߡ⹺߼ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚޕޟᘕ ᘦߩᓼޠߩ⹏ଔࠍ㜞߼ߚߣ⸒߁ߎߣ߽ߢ߈ࠆޕߎߩ┙႐ߪޡ࿖ን⺰ޢߢណ↪ߐࠇ

－157－ ߡ޿ࠆ⷗ᣇߢ޽ࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔઁᣇߢޔޟን߳ߩ㆏ޠࠍⓍᭂ⊛ߦ⹏ଔߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥ ߞߚߚ߼ޔޟ㆏ᓼᗵᖱߩ⣣ᢌޠߣ޿߁໧㗴ࠍ↢ߺ಴ߔߎߣߦߥߞߡߒ߹ߞߚޕቴ ⷰ⊛ߥ⷗ᣇࠍりߦߟߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚߣߒߡ߽ޔߘߩ⷗ᣇߪޟንߣ࿾૏ߩᗵགྷޠ ߦᱛ߹ࠅޔޟ⧷⍮ߣᓼߩᗵགྷޠߦߪߟߥ߇ࠄߥ޿߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿ޕ౏ᐔߥⷰኤ⠪ߩ ⷗ᣇ߇ޟ⒓⾥߳ߩᗲᅢޠߦᱛ߹ࠅޔޟ⒓⾥ߦ୯ߔࠆߎߣ߳ߩᗲᅢޠ߹ߢߦߪ⥋ࠄ ߥ޿ߣ޿߁໧㗴߇⊒↢ߒߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ ╙㧟ߩ⇼໧ߪޔߎߩޟ㆏ᓼᗵᖱߩ⣣ᢌޠ໧㗴ࠍᛂ㐿ߔࠆߚ߼ߦޔ╙㧢 ߢߪ ޟቬᢎޠ߇ᒝ⺞ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆὐߦߟ޿ߡߢ޽ࠆޕೋ ߢߪޔޟઁ⠪ޠߩޟᚒޘޠ߳ ߩหᗵ߇ޟᚒޘޠࠍ༑߫ߖࠆޔߔߥࠊߜޔޟ⒓⾥߳ߩᗲᅢޠ߆ࠄޟ৻⥸⊛ⷙೣޠ ࠍዉ߈಴ߒߡ޿ߚޕߒ߆ߒޔ╙㧢 ߦߥࠆߣޔޟ⒓⾥߳ߩᗲᅢޠߛߌߢߪޟንߣ ࿾૏ߩᗵགྷ ޠޠߦᱛ߹ࠅޔޟ㆏ᓼⷰߩ⣣ᢌޠ߇↢ߓߡߒ߹߁ޕߘߎߢޔߎߩ ߢ ߪޔޟ⥄ὼߪᓐߦޔᤚ⹺ߐࠇࠆߎߣߦߟ޿ߡߩ᰼᳞ߛߌߢߥߊޔᤚ⹺ߐࠆߴ߈߽ ߩߢ޽ࠆߎߣߦߟ޿ߡߩ᰼᳞ޠࠍޟ᝼ߌߡ߅޿ߚޠ㧔ห਄㧦 382 㧕ߣ޿߁⼏⺰߇ ዷ㐿ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆޕߎߩ᰼᳞ޔߔߥࠊߜޔޟ⒓⾥ߦ୯ߔࠆߎߣ߳ߩᗲᅢޠߪޔో⍮ ో⢻ߩޟᦨ㜞ሽ࿷ޠ߆ࠄߩᤚ⹺߳ߩ᰼᳞ߣ⸒޿឵߃ࠆߎߣ߽ߢ߈ࠆޕޟਇᒰߥᛕ ್ޠߦኻߒߡ⾫ੱߪޔޟ᧪ࠆߴ߈਎⇇ޠߦ߅޿ߡޟᱜ⏕ߥᱜ⟵ޠ߇ⴕࠊࠇޔޟ⒓ ⾥ߦ୯ߔࠆޠⴕὑߪႎࠊࠇࠆߦ㆑޿ߥ޿ߣାߓࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕߒߚ߇ߞߡޔޟ౏ᐔ ߥⷰኤ⠪ޠߣߪੱޘߩᔃߩਛߦౝ࿷ൻߐࠇߚޟ␹ޠߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ ߎߩ⠨߃ᣇߪޔቬᢎᔃ߇㆏ᓼ୶ℂߩၮ␆ߣߥࠅޔᴺ⒎ᐨߣ⚻ᷣ⊒ዷࠍଦㅴߔࠆ ߣ޿߁⥝๧ᷓ޿⼏⺰ߦ⊒ዷߒߡ޿ߊน⢻ᕈࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔઁᣇߢޔߎߩ ቬᢎᔃߦࠃࠆ㆏ᓼᗵᖱߩၮ␆ઃߌߪޔࡎ࠶ࡉࠬ໧㗴ߩ⸃᳿ߦߪ㊀ᄢߥᡰ㓚ࠍ᧪ߔ ᕟࠇ߇޽ࠆޕߥߗߥࠄ߫ޔߎߩ⼏⺰ߪޔ৻ߟߩቬᢎࠍାߓࠆ౒ห૕ౝߩ୶ℂ⊛⒎ ᐨ↢ᚑߦߪലᨐࠍ⊒ើߔࠆ߇ޔ⇣ߥࠆቬᢎ㧔޽ࠆ޿ߪቬᵷ㧕ࠍାߓࠆ౒ห૕ห჻ ߩ੎޿ࠍᅤ૗ߦ⸃᳿ߔࠆߩ߆ޔߣ޿߁໧㗴ߦߪㅒലᨐߛ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕ޽ࠆ޿ߪޔ ৻ߟߩ␠ળߩਛߢ⇣ߥࠆቬᢎ㧔޽ࠆ޿ߪቬᵷ㧕ࠍାߓࠆࠣ࡞࡯ࡊห჻߇ᷓೞߥኻ ┙⁁ᘒߦ޽ࠆߣ߈ߦ߽ޔߎߩ⼏⺰ߪㅢ↪ߒߥ޿ߛࠈ߁ޕ౏ᐔߥⷰኤ⠪߇ੱޘߩᔃ ߩਛߦౝ࿷ൻߐࠇߚ␹ߢ޽ࠆߣߔࠆߥࠄ߫ޔ⇣ߥࠆ␹ࠍାߓࠆ⠪ߩ㑆ߢ౒ㅢߩ ޟ౏ᐔߥⷰኤ⠪ޠߩ⷗ᣇࠍ↢ߺ಴ߔߎߣߪ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕ 㧞㧚ࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߩ⒎ᐨ↢ᚑ⺰ 㧔㧝㧕ࠦࡦࡧࠚࡦ࡚ࠪࡦߩ↢ᚑ ࠬࡒࠬߩ㆏ᓼ⒎ᐨ↢ᚑ⺰ߪޔᗐ௝਄ߩ┙႐ߩ੤឵ߦࠃࠆޟหᗵޠේℂߦၮߠߊ ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅޔ⢛ᓟߦߪℂ␹⺰⊛ߥ਎⇇ⷰ߇ሽ࿷ߒߡ޿ߚޕޟ⷗߃ߑࠆᚻޠߦዉ߆ ࠇߡ㆏ᓼ⒎ᐨ߇↢ߺ಴ߐࠇࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆޕߎߩ⼏⺰ߣߪ⇣ߥࠆ♽೉ߩ⼏⺰߇޽ࠆޕ

－158－ ߘࠇ߇ޔࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߩࠦࡦࡧࠚࡦ࡚ࠪࡦ↢ᚑ⺰ߢ޽ࠆޕߘߩౝኈߪᰴߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆޕ Ԙੱ㑆߇ᔅⷐߣߔࠆ↢ᵴᚻᲑߦߪޟᏗዋᕈޠ߇޽ࠆޕԙੱ㑆ߪ೑Ꮖ⊛ߢޔઁ⠪ߦ ኻߔࠆޟኡᄢߐޠߦ߽㒢⇇߇޽ࠆޕߎߩ㧞ߟߩ᧦ઙ߇⚿߮ߟߊߣޔੱ㑆ߩ㑆ߦ೑ ኂߩⴣ⓭߇⿠ߎࠆޕࡎ࠶ࡉࠬ߇ᜰ៰ߒߚޟਁੱߩਁੱߦኻߔࠆᚢ޿ޠߣ޿߁⁁ᘒ ߇↢߹ࠇࠆޕੱ㑆ߪ⥄ὼ⁁ᘒߢߪޔ⸒޿឵߃ࠇ߫ޟ␠ળޠߥߒߢߪᷓೞߥ೑ኂߩ ⴣ⓭ߩ໧㗴ߦ⋥㕙ߔࠆޕߎߩᷓೞߥ⁁ᴫߦኻߒߡޔࡎ࠶ࡉࠬߪޟᱫ߳ߩᕟᔺޠߣ ޿߁ᖱᔨߣޟℂᕈޠߦࠃࠆޟᄾ⚂ޠߣ޿߁⸃╵ࠍ಴ߒߚޕࠬࡒࠬߪޔ⢷ਛߦ޽ࠆ ޟ౏ᐔߥⷰኤ⠪ޠߩ⋡ߦࠃࠆ୶ℂ⊛⥄Ꮖⷙ೙ߣ޿߁⸃᳿ࠍ↪ᗧߒߚޕ ࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߩ⸃╵ߪޔ੤෹ߣળ⹤ߦ߅ߌࠆᗵᖱߩ੤ᵹ߇⹜ⴕ㍲⺋ࠍ⚻ߡࠦࡦࡧࠚ ﹇第二日目﹈ ࡦ࡚ࠪࡦࠍ↢ߺ಴ߔޔߣ޿߁߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚޕߢߪޔߎߩᗵᖱߩ੤ᵹߪߤߩࠃ߁ߦ 第二会場 ߒߡ↢߹ࠇࠆߩߛࠈ߁߆ޕࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߪޔੱޘߩᗵᖱ߇੤෹߿ળ⹤ߦ߅ߌࠆჿޔり ᝄࠅޔ⴫ᖱߥߤߩ⸥ภࠍㅢߓߡ⋧੕ߦવࠊࠅޔᗵᖱߩ౒᦭߇↢ߺ಴ߐࠇࠆߣ⺰ߓ ࠆޕࠬࡒࠬ߇ޟᗐ௝਄ߩႺᶦߩ੤឵ޠࠍᒝ⺞ߔࠆߩߦኻߒߡޔࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߪޟ৻⥸ ⊛⸒⺆ޠߦࠃߞߡޟળ⹤ޠߔࠆߎߣ⥄૕߇ޟ৻⥸⊛ⷰὐޠᒻᚑߦᓎ┙ߟߣ޿߁ὐ ࠍᒝ⺞ߔࠆޕޟ⸒⺆ޠߦઍ⴫ߐࠇࠆ⸥ภࠍ↪޿ߡઁ⠪ߣࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍ➅ ࠅ㄰ߔߎߣ߇ࠦࡦࡧࠚࡦ࡚ࠪࡦᒻᚑߩ㊀ⷐߥᄾᯏߥߩߢ޽ࠆޕ ⚿ዪޔᚢ੎ࠍਛᢿߒߡ໡ขᒁߥߤࠍㅢߓߡ੤㓙ߣળ⹤ࠍⓍߺ㊀ߨޔ⋧ᚻߦኻߔ ࠆኡᄢߐࠍᒝ߼ޔ౒ᗵේℂߦၮߠ߈౒ㅢߩ೑ኂ㑐ଥߣ޿߁ା㗬㑐ଥ㧔ᘠ⠌㧕ࠍ ᓢޘߦ↢ߺ಴ߒߡ޿ߊߣ޿߁ߩ߇ᓐߩ⸃╵ߢ޽ߞߚޕߘߩ㓙ޔ㆏ᓼⷰޔᱜ⟵ᗵߩ ၮ␆ߣߥࠆߩ߇ޔԘᚒޘߦߣߞߡ᦭↪ߥᕈ⾰ޔԙᚒޘߦᔟ޿ᕈ⾰ޔԚઁ⠪ߦߣߞ ߡ᦭↪ߥᕈ⾰ޔԛઁ⠪ߩᔟ޿ᕈ⾰ޔߩ㧠ߟߢ޽ߞߚޕࠬࡒࠬ߇ℂ␹⺰⊛਎⇇ⷰߦ ၮߠ߈ޔޟ␠ળߩ৻⥸⊛೑ኂ߳ߩ⠨ᘦޠߪޟᦨ㜞ሽ࿷ޠ߇ᗧ࿑ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅޔ ੱ㑆߇ᗧ࿑ߒ㑐ਈߔࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ߚߩߦኻߒߡޔࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߪޔޟ␠ળߩ ৻⥸⊛೑ኂ߳ߩ⠨ᘦޠߦੱ㑆߇㑐ਈߔࠆߣ⠨߃ߚޕߘߩ㑐ਈߩᒻᘒ߇ޔ౒ᗵේℂ ߦၮߠߊࠦࡦࡧࠚࡦ࡚ࠪࡦߩ↢ᚑߢ޽ߞߚޕ 㧔㧞㧕ᴺ೙ᐲߩ↢ᚑ ࠦࡦࡧࠚࡦ࡚ࠪࡦߩࠃࠅౕ૕⊛ߥᒻᘒߢ޽ࠆ⑳⊛ᚲ᦭ᮭߩᴺ೙ᐲߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ ࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ⺰ߓࠆޕੱޘߪ␠ળߩਛߢ᭽ޘߥขᒁߦ㑐ਈߒޔ᭽ޘߥੱ 㑆㑐ଥࠍขࠅ⚿ࠎߢ޿ࠆ߇ޔߎߩਛ߆ࠄ᭽ޘߥ೑ኂߩⴣ⓭߇↢ߓߡߊࠆޕߎߩ೑ ኂߩⴣ⓭ࠍ⸃᳿ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ⸷⸩߇ⴕࠊࠇޔ್᳿߇಴ߐࠇߡ޿ߊߩߛ߇ޔߎߩ⸷⸩ޔ ᑯ⺰ޔ್᳿ߩⓍߺ㊀ߨ߽৻⒳ߩળ⹤ߢ޽ࠅޔ੤㓙ߣળ⹤ࠍㅢߓߡࠦࡦࡧࠚࡦ࡚ࠪ ࡦ㧔ᘠ⠌㧕߇↢ߺ಴ߐࠇࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߪޔ⸷⸩ߣ್଀ߩⓍߺ㊀ߨࠍㅢߓߡ৻⥸⊛ ߥⷙೣ㧔ᴺ㧕߇↢ߺ಴ߐࠇޔߘߩⷙೣ㧔ᴺ㧕߇ᱧผߩផ⒖ߣߣ߽ߦୃᱜߐࠇㅴൻ

－159－ ࠍㆀߍߡ޿ߊߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆޕ ࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߩ೙ᐲ↢ᚑ⺰ߪޔ೑ኂߩⴣ⓭ߣ޿߁໧㗴ࠍᛴ߃ߚᄙ᭽ߥੱ㑆߇ޔ੤㓙 ߣળ⹤㧔᛫੎ߣ⸷⸩㧕ࠍㅢߓߡࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍ㊀ߨޔ⹜ⴕ㍲⺋ߩᧃߦᘠ⠌ ࠍ↢ߺ಴ߒㅴൻߐߖߡ޿ߊߣ޿߁ޔౝ↢⊛ߥ೙ᐲㅴൻ⺰ߢ޽ߞߚߣ޿߃ࠃ߁ޕ ߻ߔ߮ ࠬࡒࠬߩ਎⇇ⷰߪ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄᕁᗐߩਥᵹࠍ⛮ᛚߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅޔࡊ࡜࠻ࡦޔࠬ ࠻ࠕືቇߦઍ⴫ߐࠇࠆวℂਥ⟵⊛ഃㅧ␹ᕁᗐࠍ⛮ᛚߔࠆℂ␹⺰⊛਎⇇ⷰߩᒝ޿ᓇ 㗀ਅߦ޽ߞߚޕߎߩߚ߼ޔቝቮ߿ੱ㑆਎⇇ࠍᯏ᪾ߦߥߙࠄ߃ޟᦨ㜞ሽ࿷ޠ߇ᄖ߆ ࠄഃㅧߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚޕߒߚ߇ߞߡޔޟ౏⋉ࠍታ⃻ߔࠆޠߣ޿߁ᗧ ࿑߿⋡⊛ߪޟᦨ㜞ሽ࿷ޠߦዻߔࠆ໧㗴ߢ޽ߞߡޔ਎⇇ߩਛߦሽ࿷ߔࠆੱ㑆ߦߪ⍮ ࠄߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ޕੱ㑆ߪ޽ߊ߹ߢ߽ޟ⷗߃ߑࠆᚻޠߦዉ߆ࠇߡ౏⋉ࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߩ ߢ޽ࠆޕߘߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓ߇ޟਁ᦭ᒁജߩᴺೣޠߢ޽ࠅޟᏒ႐ᯏ᭴ޠߢ޽ࠅޔޟห ᗵޠ߆ࠄ୶ℂ߇↢ߺ಴ߐࠇࠆᯏ᭴ߥߩߢ޽ߞߚޕߎߩߚ߼ޔࠬࡒࠬߩ਎⇇ⷰߪޔ Ꮢ႐ߦછߖࠇ߫౏⋉߇ታ⃻ߐࠇࠆޔ୶ℂߪ⥄↢⊛ߦ↢ᚑߔࠆߣ޿߁੍ቯ⺞๺⊛ߥ ᕈᩰࠍᜬߞߡ޿ߚޕߛ߇ޔࠬࡒࠬߩ୶ℂ↢ᚑ⺑ߪ᥅ᐕߦߥߞߡⴕ߈⹣߹ࠅߦ⋥㕙 ߔࠆޕᓐߪޟᗐ௝਄ߩ┙႐ߩ੤឵ޠߦࠃࠆޟหᗵޠේℂߦၮߠ߈ޔઁ⠪߆ࠄߩᤚ ⹺ࠍฃߌࠆߎߣ߳ߩ᰼᳞߆ࠄޟ౏ᐔߥⷰኤ⠪ޠߩ⌒߇ੱޘߩᔃߩਛߦᒻᚑߐࠇࠆ ߣ⺑ߊޕߛ߇ޔߎߩ⼏⺰ࠍ⓭߈⹣߼ࠆߣޔޟ⒓⾥߳ߩᗲᅢޠ߆ࠄޟን߿࿾૏߳ߩ ༒㉻ޠ߇␠ળⷙ▸ߣߒߡ↢ߺ಴ߐࠇࠆߎߣߪ⸃ߌࠆ߇ޔޟ⒓⾥ߦ୯ߔࠆߎߣ߳ߩ ᗲᅢޠ߿ޟᓼ߳ߩ༒㉻ޠߪቬᢎᔃࠍዉ౉ߒߥ޿ߣ⸃ߌߥ޿ߣ޿߁໧㗴ߦ⋥㕙ߔࠆ ߎߣߦߥߞߚߩߢ޽ࠆޕ ߎࠇߦኻߒߡޔࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߩ਎⇇ⷰߪޔࠛࡇࠢࡠࠬᵷ߿ᙬ⇼⺰ືቇߩࠃ߁ߥ࡛࡯ ࡠ࠶ࡄᕁᗐߩਛߢߪ⇣┵ߩᵹࠇࠍ⛮ᛚߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚޕ਎⇇ߪޟᦨ㜞ሽ࿷ޠ߇ ᄖㇱ߆ࠄ⸳⸘ߒߡഃㅧߒߚߩߢߪߥߊޔ਎⇇ߩౝㇱߦሽ࿷ߔࠆ੕޿ߦ೑ኂ߇ⴣ⓭ ߔࠆᄙ᭽ߥਥ૕ห჻߇ޔ੤㓙ߣળ⹤ޔ᛫੎ߣᅷදޔ⸷⸩ߣᑯ⺰ߥߤࠍⓍߺ㊀ߨࠆ ߎߣߦࠃߞߡޔᓢޘߦ౏⋉ߦ⾗ߔࠆᴺ೙ᐲࠍᒻᚑߒㅴൻߐߖߡ޿ߊߣ⠨߃ࠆޕࠬ ࡒࠬ߇ᯏ᪾⺰⊛ߢᱧผᕈࠍᰳߊ᥉ㆉᴺೣࠍ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚߣߔࠆߣޔࡅࡘ࡯ࡓߪ↢‛ ቇ⊛ߢㅴൻ⺰⊛ߥ೙ᐲߩ↢ᚑㅴൻࠍ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚߣ⸒߃ࠆޕߘߩᗧ๧ߢޔࡅࡘ࡯ࡓ ߩ਎⇇ⷰߣ೙ᐲ↢ᚑ⺰ߪޔㅴൻ⺰⊛ߥ೙ᐲਥ⟵⚻ᷣቇߩᕁᗐ⊛Ḯᵹߢ޽ࠆޕ  ᄙ᭽ߥ୘ੱ߿࿖ኅ߇੤㓙߿ળ⹤ࠍㅢߓߡޟ౒ᗵޠߒޔ⥄Ꮖ೑⋉ߛߌߢߥߊ౏౒ ೑⋉ߦ⾗ߔࠆ೙ᐲࠍ↢ߺ಴ߒߡ޿ߊߣ޿߁⠨߃ᣇߪޔ⃻ઍߩᄙర⊛਎⇇ߦ߅޿ߡ ㊀ⷐᕈࠍჇߒߟߟ޽ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕߘߩᗧ๧ߢޔࠬࡒࠬߩޟหᗵේℂޠ߽ޟࠦࡒ ࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩ⺰ℂޠߣߒߡ㎊߃⋥ߒߡ޿ߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿ߛࠈ߁߆ޕ

－160－ ࡧࠔࠗࡑ࡞౒๺࿖ᦼߩࡅ࡞ࡈࠔ࠺㨼ࡦࠣߩᵴേߣ⚻ᷣ᳃ਥਥ⟵ᕁᗐ ଻૑ᢅᒾ㧔ᗲ⍮ᄢቇ㧕 㧝㧚 ࡅ࡞ࡈࠔ࠺㨼ࡦࠣߩᕁᗐߩᄌㆫ ޔ࠼ࠗ࠷╙ੑᏢ࿖ᦼߩᕁᗐߣᵴേ   㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼㩧㩂㩨ߪޔࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡝ࠕ಴りߢ޽ࠅޔࠞ࠙࠷ࠠ࡯ߩ⍮ㆄࠍᓧߡޔ1901 ᐕ㗃߆ࠄޔ ޡࡁࠗࠛ࡮࠷ࠕࠗ࠻ޢ⹹ߦ⺰ᢥࠍ⊒⴫ߒᆎ߼ߚޕࡏࠛ࡯ࡓ㧩ࡃ࠙ࠚ࡞ࠢߩࡑ࡞ࠢࠬଔ୯⺰ ᛕ್߳ߩ෻⺰ޔ࠼ࠗ࠷ߩ଻⼔㑐⒢໧㗴ߥߤߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺰ᢥ߆ࠄ಴⊒ߒޔୃᱜਥ⟵࡮ᡷ⦟ਥ⟵ ࠍᛕ್ߔࠆᏀᵷߩ┙႐ߦߚߞߚ 1ޕ㊄Ⲣ⾗ᧄߩ⫾Ⓧ᭽ᑼߣߘࠇߦၮߠߊᏢ࿖ਥ⟵᡽╷ߩ⸃᣿ ࠍ࿑ࠅޔਥ⪺ޡ㊄Ⲣ⾗ᧄ⺰ޢ(1910)ࠍޔ⊒⴫ߒߚޕ1907 ᐕߦߪޔࡌ࡞࡝ࡦߦ⒖૑ߒޔ࠼ࠗ ࠷␠ળ᳃ਥౄߩᯏ㑐⚕ޡࡈࠜࠕࡧࠚ࡞࠷ޢ⚕ߩ✬㓸ᆔຬߣߥߞߚޕ ﹇第二日目﹈  ߆ࠇߪޔࡑ࡞ࠢࠬߩℂ⺰ߦၮߠ߈ޔᒰᤨߩ࠼ࠗ࠷ޔࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡝ࠕޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߥߤߩ⚻ᷣ 第二会場 ੐ᖱࠍಽᨆߒޔ㊄Ⲣ⾗ᧄߣ޿߁ᣂߒ޿⾗ᧄᒻᘒࠍ⊒⷗ߒޔߘߩ⾗ᧄ⫾Ⓧ᭽ᑼߩ․ᓽ߇ޔ㌁ ⴕା↪߿ᩣᑼળ␠ା↪ࠍ೑↪ߒߚ⾗ᧄ㓸ਛߦၮߠߊ⾗ᧄ⫾Ⓧߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚޕ ߐࠄߦޔᒰᤨߩ⻉వㅴ࿖ߩᏢ࿖ਥ⟵⊛ߥኻ┙߇ޔฦ࿖ߩ㊄Ⲣ⾗ᧄߩኻᄖ⊛ߥ⚻ᷣ᡽╷ޔߔ ߥࠊߜޔࠞ࡞࠹࡞଻⼔㑐⒢᡽╷ޔ⾗ᧄャ಴ޔᬀ᳃࿾᡽╷ߥߤߦࠃߞߡޔ߽ߚࠄߐࠇߚߎߣ ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚޕߎ߁ߒߡ㨬Ꮲ࿖ਥ⟵ߣߪ㊄Ⲣ⾗ᧄߩ⚻ᷣ᡽╷ߢ޽ࠆ㨭ߣᝒ߃ߚ 2ޕ  ߆ࠇߪޔหᦠߩ㊄Ⲣ⾗ᧄߦ㑐ߔࠆคㅀߩਛߢޔᣢߦޔ㊄Ⲣ⾗ᧄ߇┹੎ࠍ೙㒢ߔࠆߎߣߦ ࠃࠅ৻࿖ߩ⾗ᧄਥ⟵ߩ቟ቯൻࠍ߽ߚࠄߔߣ޿߁⷗ᣇࠍߒߚޕߣߪ޿߃ޔ㊄Ⲣ⾗ᧄߩᏢ࿖ਥ ⟵᡽╷ࠍㅊ᳞ߔࠆฦవㅴ࿖ߩ㑆ߩኻ┙ߪޔ⚿ዪߪޔᏢ࿖ਥ⟵ᚢ੎ߦࠃߞߡ⸃᳿ߐࠇߑࠆࠍ ߃ߕޔᏢ࿖ਥ⟵ᚢ੎ߪਇนㆱߛߣߺߚޕᚢ੎ࠍㆱߌࠆߚ߼ߦߪޔ␠ળਥ⟵ࠍታ⃻ߒޔ⾗ᧄ ਥ⟵ࠍస᦯ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߣߺߚޕ1910 ᐕએᓟޔ߆ࠇߩౄౝߦ߅ߌࠆ᡽ᴦ⊛ߥ┙႐ߪޔࡌ ࡞ࡦࠪࡘ࠲ࠗࡦߩୃᱜਥ⟵߿ࡈࠜ࡞ࡑ࡯࡞ߩᡷ⦟ਥ⟵ࠍᛕ್ߔࠆ߇ޔࡠ࡯ࠩߥߤߩᕆㅴᏀ ᵷߦ߽ኻ┙ߔࠆޔࡌ࡯ࡌ࡞߿ࠞ࠙࠷ࠠ࡯ߩౄਛᄩᵷߩ┙႐ߢ޽ߞߚ 3ޕ  ࠼ࠗ࠷㕟๮ᦼߩᵴേߣᕁᗐ  1918 ᐕ 11 ᦬ߩ࠼ࠗ࠷㕟๮ߩഺ⊒ᓟޔァකߣߒߡൕോߒߡ޿ߚࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡝ࠕァ߆ࠄᓳຬ ߒߚ㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼㩧㩂㩨ߪޔࡌ࡞࡝ࡦߦᏫࠅ࠼ࠗ࠷⁛┙␠ળ᳃ਥౄ㧔USPD㧕ߦട⋖ߒߚޕᒰᤨޔᄙ ᢙᵷߩ࠼ࠗ࠷␠ળ᳃ਥౄ(SPD)߇ޔ⼏ળ೙᳃ਥਥ⟵ߩታ⃻ߣ࠼ࠗ࠷⾗ᧄਥ⟵ߩㄭઍൻࠍ⋡ᜰ ߒޔࠬࡄ࡞࠲ࠢࠬ࿅㧔⠉ᐕ㧝᦬࠼ࠗ࠷౒↥ౄ⚿ᚑ㧕߇࠰ࡧࠖ㨾࠻␠ળਥ⟵ㅪ㇌ߦ୮޿ഭ௛⠪࡮ ౓჻⹏⼏ળࠍၮ⋚ߣߒߚ␠ળਥ⟵㕟๮ࠍ㆐ᚑߒࠃ߁ߣߒߚߩߦኻߒߡޔ⁛┙␠ળ᳃ਥౄߪ ⼏ળ೙ᐲߣഭ௛⠪⹏⼏ળߩ⚿วࠍၮ⋚ߦޔ⥄Ꮖ▤ℂ⊛␠ળࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߦၮߠߊ␠ળਥ⟵౒๺ ࿖ࠍታ⃻ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߚޕ╙৻ᰴᄢᚢਛ߆ࠄ␠ળ᳃ਥౄᐙㇱߩᚢ੎දജߦ෻ኻߒޔᣧᦼߩ⻠ ๺ߩታ⃻ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ߈ߚੱ߮ߣ߇ޔ⁛┙␠ળ᳃ਥౄࠍ⚿ᚑߒߚޕߘߎߦߪޔࠞ࠙࠷ࠠ࡯ޔ ࡌ࡞ࡦࠪࡘ࠲ࠗࡦߥߤߩ⪺ฬߥℂ⺰ኅߣ㊄ዻഭ௛⠪⚵วߥߤߩࠨࡦ࠺ࠗࠞ࡝࠭ࡓߩᓇ㗀ࠍ

1 ୃᱜਥ⟵⺰੎ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧔଻૑ޔ㧕ࠍ⷗ࠃޕ 2 ޡ㊄Ⲣ⾗ᧄ⺰ޢߩᒻᚑㆊ⒟ޔ㊄Ⲣ⾗ᧄߩ⫾ⓍޔᏢ࿖ਥ⟵ޔ⚵❱⾗ᧄਥ⟵ߩℂ⺰ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ㧔଻૑ޔ㧕ࠍ⷗ࠃޕ 3  Ꮲ࿖ਥ⟵⺰੎߿ᄢⴐࠬ࠻࡜ࠗࠠ⺰੎ߦ߅ߌࠆ㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼㩧㩂㩨ߩ┙႐ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧔଻૑ޔ㧕ࠍ⷗ࠃޕ

－161－ ฃߌߚഭ௛⠪߇วᵹߒߡ޿ߚޕ⁛┙␠ળ᳃ਥౄߪޔ⍹὇ᬺ࡮㋕㍑ᬺ╬ߩၮᐙ↥ᬺߩ␠ળൻ ߣᶖ⾌⠪࡮↢↥⠪࡮᡽ᐭߥߤߩઍ⴫߆ࠄߥࠆ⥄ਥ▤ℂ࿅૕ߦࠃࠆߎࠇࠄߩ↥ᬺߩ▤ℂࠍᦸ ࠎߛޕߒ߆ߒޔ࠼ࠗ࠷㕟๮ߪޔ1919 ᐕ 1 ᦬㧘␠ળ᳃ਥౄ᡽ᐭߣฝ⠢ߩ⟵ാァߦࠃࠆࠬࡄ࡞ ࠲ࠢࠬ࿅ߩ⚵❱ߒߚ࠺ࡕߦኻߔࠆᒢ࿶એᓟޔㅌầߦ౉ߞߚޕ1919 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 19 ᣣߩᙗᴺ೙ቯ ⼏ળߩㆬ᜼ߩ⚿ᨐޔ2 ᦬ 6 ᣣߦࡧࠔࠗࡑ࡞ߦ߅޿ߡ࿖᳃⼏ળ߇ถ㓸ߐࠇޔ⼏ળ೙᳃ਥਥ⟵౒ ๺࿖ߢ޽ࠆ㨽㩨㨱㨼㩙㩣౒๺࿖߇ᚑ┙ߒߚޕ 1-3㧚㨽㩨㨱㨼㩙㩣౒๺࿖ᦼߩᓐߩᵴേߣᕁᗐ  ⁛┙␠ળ᳃ਥౄ߇ಽⵚߒޔ1921 ᐕߦᄙᢙᵷ߇౒↥ౄߦวᵹߒߚᓟޔ1922 ᐕߦߪޔ㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨 㨼㩧㩂㩨ߣዋᢙᵷߪ␠ળ᳃ਥౄߦടࠊࠅޔวห␠ળ᳃ਥౄ㧔VSPD㧕ࠍᒻᚑߒߚޕ߆ࠇߪวห␠ ળ᳃ਥౄߩၫⴕㇱߦടࠊߞߚޕ߹ߚޔℂ⺰㔀⹹ޡࠥ࠯࡞ࠪࡖࡈ࠻ޢ⹹ࠍഃೀߒޔ✬㓸⠪ߣ ߥߞߚޕ  㨽㩨㨱㨼㩙㩣౒๺࿖ᦼߦޔડᬺኅߣഭ௛⠪߇࿅૕⊛ขᒁࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߩᄢ⚵❱߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ ߥࠅޔડᬺኅ࿅૕ߣഭ௛࿅૕ߣߩ㑆ߢഭ௛᧦ઙߦ㑐ߔࠆഭ௛ද⚂߇ޔ⚿߫ࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞ ߚޕ᡽ᐭ߽ޔߎߩഭ૶ߩ࿅૕ߦࠃࠆഭ௛ද⚂ࠍዅ㊀ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚޕ࠼ࠗ࠷ߩഭ௛⠪ߪޔ ࠼ࠗ࠷㕟๮ߩᝂ᛬ߦ߽㑐ࠊࠄߕޔഭ௛⠪ߩ␠ળ⊛↢ሽᮭࠍ⹺߼ߚ౒๺࿖ᙗᴺޔ⚻༡⹏⼏ળޔ ౒๺࿖⼏ળߦ߅ߌࠆ␠ળ᳃ਥౄ൓ജߩჇᄢߥߤߦࠃߞߡޔ߆ࠇࠄߩ␠ળ⊛࡮⚻ᷣ⊛࿾૏ࠍ ะ਄ߐߖࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ߚޕ㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼㩧㩂㩨ߪޔᢜኻ⊛ߢ㓏ጀ೙⊛ߥ⚵❱⾗ᧄਥ⟵ࠍޔ౒๺࿖ߦ ߅ߌࠆഭ௛⠪ߩ⻉⚵❱ࠍㅢߓߡޔ࿖᳃⚻ᷣߩᰴరߢ߽ޔ୘೎ߩ⚻༡૕ߩᰴరߢ߽᳃ਥൻߒޔ ␠ળਥ⟵⊛ߢ᳃ਥਥ⟵⊛ߥ⚻ᷣߦᡷ㕟ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߚޕߎࠇ߇ޔ߆ࠇߩޟ⚵❱⾗ᧄਥ⟵̆⚻ ᷣ᳃ਥਥ⟵⺰ޠߢ޽ࠆޕ 㧞㧚㨽㩨㨱㨼㩙㩣౒๺࿖ᦼߩᵴേߣᕁᗐ  㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼㩧㩂㩨ߪޔߎߩᤨᦼޔ࠼ࠗ࠷࿖☋ࠍขᓧߒޔ࿖ળ⼏ຬߦㆬ಴ߐࠇޔ␠ળ᳃ਥౄߩ᡽ ᴦኅߣߒߡޔᵴേߔࠆޕ߆ࠇߪޔ1924 ᐕޔ1925 ᐕޔ1927 ᐕޔ1929 ᐕ߅ࠃ߮ 1931 ᐕߩౄ ᄢળߦ߅޿ߡޔၮ⺞ႎ๔ࠍ߅ߎߥߞߚޕ߹ߚޔౄߩℂ⺰ኅߣߒߡߛߌߢߪߥߊޔ㨽㩨㨱㨼㩙㩣ㅪ วߦࠃࠆㅪ┙᡽ᮭߦ౉㑑ߒޔ࿖᡽ߦ㑐ਈߒߚޕ߆ࠇߪੑᐲߦࠊߚߞߡޔ⽷ോᄢ⤿ߦછ๮ߐ ࠇߚޕߔߥࠊߜޔᚢᓟߩ࠼ࠗ࠷ߩࡂࠗࡄ࡯ࠗࡦࡈ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ߇ࡇ࡯ࠢߦ㆐ߒߚ 1923 ᐕߣޔ ࠼ࠗ࠷⚻ᷣ߇ᓳ⥝ߒ቟ቯൻߒߚᓟ 1929 ᐕߩ਎⇇ᕟᘓߦ⋥㕙ߔࠆ㗃ߩ㧝927-29 ᐕߢ޽ࠆޕ  ᐕߦ߅ߌࠆ㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼㩧㩂㩨ߩᡷ⦟ਥ⟵߳ߩォ࿁ ߆ࠇߪޔޡࠥ࠯࡞ࠪࡖࡈ࠻ޢ⹹ߩഃೀภߦឝタߒߚ⺰ᢥޟߎߩᤨઍߩ⻉໧㧔Hilferding, 1924a㧕߅޿ߡޔ1910 ᐕએ᧪ 10 ᐕ㑆ߩ␠ળ⊒ዷࠍಽᨆߒޔ⚻ᷣߣ᡽ᴦߩ㑐ଥߩᄌൻޔ࿖ኅ ߣ࿖᳃ߣߩ㑐ଥޔ࿖㓙㑐ଥߩᄌൻߩᄖ੤᡽╷߳ߩ෻૞↪ߥߤਃߟߩ⺰ὐߦߟ޿ߡ⺰ߓߚޕ  ߆ࠇߩℂ⺰ߦࠃࠆߣޔ⾗ᧄ⫾Ⓧߩㅴዷߣ㊄Ⲣ⾗ᧄߦࠃࠆ⻉⾗ᧄߩ⛔วߪޔޟ┹੎⊛⾗ᧄਥ ⟵߆ࠄ⚵❱⾗ᧄਥ⟵߳ߩ⒖ⴕޠࠍ߽ߚࠄߔޕ㊄Ⲣ⾗ᧄߪ⚻ᷣࠍᗧ⼂⊛ߦ⛔೙ߒᜰዉߔࠆޕ ߘߩ⚿ᨐߪޔޟ⚵❱ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔᢜኻ⊛ߥᒻᘒߢޔ㓏ጀ೙⊛ߦ⚵❱ߐࠇߚ⚻ᷣޠ㧔Hilferding, 1924a㨮2㧕ߢ޽ࠆޕߢߪޔߘࠇߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ⚻ᷣߥߩ߆ޕ㊄Ⲣ⾗ᧄߪޔ⾗ᧄਥ⟵⚻ᷣߩή᡽ ᐭᕈࠍ⛔೙ߒࠃ߁ߣ⹜ߺࠆ߇ޔߘࠇߪ߆ࠇࠄߩ೑⋉ߩߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆޕᗧ⼂⊛ߦ⛔೙ߐࠇࠆ⚻

－162－ ᷣߣ޿߁․ᓽߣ↢↥ᚻᲑߩ⑳⊛ᚲ᦭ߣߪޔ⍦⋫ߦ㒱ߞߡ޿ࠆޕ  㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼㩧㩂㩨ߪޔ⚵❱⾗ᧄਥ⟵ߩߎߩ⍦⋫ࠍ⸃᳿ߔࠆߚ߼ߦޔ⚻ᷣ᳃ਥਥ⟵ࠍឭ໒ߒߚޕ㨬ߎ ߩ⍦⋫ߪޔ㓏ጀ೙⊛ߦ⚵❱ߐࠇߚ⚻ᷣ߆ࠄ᳃ਥ⊛ߦ⚵❱ߐࠇߚ⚻ᷣ߳ߩ⒖ⴕߦࠃߞߡ㒰෰ ߐࠇࠆߛࠈ߁ޕዊࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦࠃࠆ߆ࠇࠄ⥄りߩ೑⋉ߩߚ߼ߩᗧ⼂⊛ߥ␠ળ⊛ⷙ೙ߪޔൕഭ ੱ᳃ߦࠃࠆ⛔೙ߦᄌൻߐߖࠄࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ㨭㧔Hilferding,1924a㨮3㧕ޕߎߩ⚻ᷣ᳃ਥਥ⟵ߩ ೨ឭߪޔ↢↥⠪ߩ㨬ᔃℂ⊛ᄌൻ㨭ߢ޽ࠅޔߘࠇߪ㨬ㆡಾߥᗧ⼂⊛ᢎ⢒ᵴേࠍ㨭ᔅⷐߣߒߡ޿ࠆޕ ⚻ᷣ᳃ਥਥ⟵ߪޔߘࠇߙࠇߩੱޘߩ಴⊒ὐߦ߅ߌࠆᐔ╬ࠍⷐ᳞ߔࠆޕ㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼㩧㩂㩨ߪޔ⚻ᷣ ᳃ਥਥ⟵ߩ᡽╷ߣߒߡޔ㨬↥ᬺ᳃ਥਥ⟵ޔⵍ↪⠪ᆔຬળ㧔⚻༡⹏⼏ળ㧕ߩ࿾૏ߩᒝൻޔ޿ࠈ ࠎߥ࠾ࡘࠕࡦࠬࠍ߽ߟ൮᜝⊛ߥᗧ๧ߢߩ↢↥ߩ⛔೙㨭㧔Hilferding,1924a㨮7㧕ޕߘߩ⚿ᨐޔ߆ ࠇߪഭ௛⚵วࠍ㨬᳃ਥ⊛↢↥᡽╷ߩᜂ޿ᚻ㨭ߣ⷗ߥߒߚޕઁ㕙ߢߪޔ߆ࠇߪࡑ࡞ࠢࠬਥ⟵߇ ﹇第二日目﹈ ࠼ࠗ࠷ߩഭ௛⠪ߦߣߞߡࠗ࠺ࠝࡠࠡ࡯ߦォൻߒߚߣ⷗஖ߒߚޕߣ޿߁ߩ߽ޔࡑ࡞ࠢࠬਥ⟵ 第二会場 ߢߪߥߊޔ߆ࠇࠄߩ࿾૏ߩᡷༀޔ␠ળᡷ㕟ߩ೑⋉ޔ߅ࠃ߮᡽ᴦ⊛᳃ਥਥ⟵ߩᒝൻ߇ޔ߆ࠇ ࠄߩⴕേࠍ᳿ቯߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆޕ  ߎߩ⺰ᢥ⊒⴫ߩ 4 ᐕᓟޔ1927 ᐕߦࠠ࡯࡞ߢ㐿௅ߐࠇߚޔ␠ળ᳃ਥౄᄢળߦ߅޿ߡޔ߆ࠇ ߪၮ⺞ႎ๔㨬౒๺࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ␠ળ᳃ਥౄߩછോ㨭ࠍⴕߞߚޕ1924 ᐕߦߪޔ߆ࠇߪ߹ߛ⚵❱⾗ ᧄਥ⟵߇ޔ⾗ᧄਥ⟵ߩ⚵❱ൻ߇߽ߚࠄߒ߁ࠆ዁᧪ߩࡧ࡚ࠖࠫࡦߛߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚߩߦኻߒߡޔ ⚻ᷣ⊛ߦᓳ⥝ߒߚ⋧ኻ⊛቟ቯᦼߩᦨਛߦ޽ࠆ 1927 ᐕߦߪޔ߆ࠇߪ⚵❱⾗ᧄਥ⟵߇⃻ታߣߒ ߡሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⹺߼ߚޕ 㧚  ᐕߦ߅ߌࠆ⽷ോᄢ⤿㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼㩧㩂㩨ߩᵴേ   ╙৻ᰴࠪࡘ࠻࡟࡯࠯ࡑࡦߪޔ1923 ᐕ 8 ᦬ߦ⊒⿷ߒߚޕߘߩ⺖㗴ߩ৻ߟߪޔ࡞࡯࡞㑵੎ࠍ ⚳⚿ߐߖޔᣂㅢ⽻ഃ಴ߦࠃߞߡࡂࠗࡄ࡯ࠗࡦࡈ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍస᦯ߔࠆߎߣߦ޽ߞߚޕ㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨 㨼㩧㩂㩨ߪޔ⽷ോ⋧ߣߒߡޔߎߩ⺖㗴ߩ⸃᳿ߦᒰߚߞߚޕ߆ࠇߪ 1923 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 23 ᣣߦޔ⼏ળߢ Ṷ⺑ࠍⴕߞߚޕ߆ࠇߪޔᄖ࿖ὑᦧߩ⛔೙ߩ࿎㔍ߐ߆ࠄ↢ߓߚㅢ⽻ߩㆊ೾ߦࠃࠆޔㆊ೾ㅢ⽻ ߩ❗ᷫࠍਥᒛߒߚޕߘߎߢޔ⽷ോᄢ⤿ߩᦨೋߩ⋡⊛ߪޔᄖ࿖ὑᦧᏒ႐ࠍ⛔೙ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ ߞߚޕ߆ࠇߪᣂㅢ⽻ࠍ⋥ߜߦഃ಴ߒޔㅢ⽻໧㗴ࠍ⸃᳿ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦⷐ⺧ߐࠇߚ߇ޔ࡞࡯࡞㑵 ੎ߩߚ߼ߩ⾌↪ޔ⒅⒢ᡰᛄ޿ߩࠨࡏ࠲࡯ࠫࡘޔ߅ࠃ߮ᄖ࿖ὑᦧߩਇ⿷ߥߤߩ⚻ᷣ໧㗴ߩ⸃ ᳿߇ޔᣂㅢ⽻ഃ಴ߩࠃ߁ߥᛛⴚ⊛໧㗴ࠃࠅ߽㊀ⷐߛߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚޕߘ߁ߒߚ⚻ᷣ໧㗴ߎߘ ᦨೋߦᾫᘦߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߛߣߺߚޕ ߆ࠇߪޔ1923 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 30 ᣣߦޔ㑑⼏ߦ߅޿ߡ᡽ᐭߩ⽷᡽⁁ᘒߦ㑐ߔࠆႎ๔ࠍⴕߞߚޕ߆ ࠇߪޔᄖ⽻ߩᷫዋߣ⚊⒢ߩࠨࡏ࠲࡯ࠫࡘ߇⽷᡽᡽╷ࠍ࿎㔍ߦߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄޔ࡞࡯࡞㑵੎ࠍ ᡰេߔࠆ⾌↪ࠍ೥ᷫߔࠆએᄖߦޔᣇᴺߪߥ޿ߣਥᒛߒߚޕߒ߆ߒޔ㘩♳⋧࡞࠲࡯߇㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼 㩧㩂㩨ߦ⽻ᐊᡷ㕟ߩⓍᭂ⊛ߥ⸘↹ࠍឭ␜ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦⷐ᳞ߒߚߩߢޔ߆ࠇߪ 1923 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 10 ᣣߦ ߘߩ⸘↹ࠍឭ␜ߒߚޕ  ߆ࠇߪޔ߹ߕޔ౏౒⽷᡽ߩ⿒ሼ߇ᷫዋߒߥ޿㒢ࠅޔ቟ቯㅢ⽻ߦ⒖ⴕߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿ ߣᜰ៰ߒߚޕߒߚ߇ߞߡޔ⽷᡽⿒ሼߩਥⷐේ࿃ߢ޽ࠆ࡞࡯࡞㑵੎߳ߩ⽷᡽ᡰេߪޔਛᱛߐ

4  ࠗࡦࡈ࡟ᦼߩ㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼㩧㩂㩨ߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ㧔଻૑ޔ1997㧕ࠍ⷗ࠃޕ

－163－ ࠇࠆߴ߈ߛޕߟ޿ߢޔ࿖ኅ⽷᡽ߩ⿒ሼߩߚ߼ߦ⚕ᐊࠍ⊒ⴕߒ⛯ߌߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿⁁ᘒߦ ޽ߞߡߪޔᕈᕆߦ૞ࠅ಴ߐࠇߚᣂㅢ⽻ߪޔࠗࡦࡈ࡟ߦᏎ߈ㄟ߹ࠇޔ⋥ߜߦޔߘߩ቟ቯ⊛ߥ ଔ୯ࠍᄬ߁ߛࠈ߁ߣᜰ៰ߒߚޕ╙ਃߦޔᣂㅢ⽻ߪ㊄߹ߚߪ㊄ὑᦧߦၮߠߊߴ߈ߛߣឭ᩺ߒ ߚޕ╙྾ߦޔᣂㅢ⽻ߩ⊒ⴕߪޔ㊄ޔᄖ࿖ὑᦧޔ޽ࠆ޿ߪ㊄ଔ୯ࠍ᦭ߔࠆ໡ᬺᚻᒻߦࠃߞߡ ଻⸽ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆޕ╙੖ߦޔᣂߒ޿⊒೛㌁ⴕߩ⸳┙߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇޔߘࠇߪ࡜ࠗࡅࠬࡃࡦ ࠢߣදജߔߴ߈ߛߣߐࠇߚޕ╙౐ߦޔᣂ⊒೛㌁ⴕߩ⸳┙ᣇᴺ߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇߚޕ㊄⊒೛㌁ⴕߪ ⑳⊛ߥᴺੱᩰࠍ߽ߟᩣᑼળ␠ߩᒻᘒߢ⸳┙ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߛߣߐࠇߚޕ߹ߚޔߘࠇ߳ߩᛩ⾗ߪޔ ࡜ࠗࡅࠬࡃࡦࠢ߹ߚߪ⑳⊛ᛩ⾗ኅߦࠃࠅޔ㊄߹ߚߪᄖ࿖ὑᦧࠍߟ߁ߓߡߥߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ ࠆޕ╙৾ߦޔߎߩᣂ⊒೛㌁ⴕࠍᒝൻߒޔ߆ߟ᡽ᐭߦㅢ⽻ࠍଏ⛎ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦޔ⚻ᷣ⇇߳ߩ ᜂ଻ߣߒߡޔᛩ⾗ߦߪ㧡㧑ߩ⒢߇⺖ߖࠄࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆޕ  㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼㩧㩂㩨ߩߎߩឭ᩺ߪޔ1923 ᐕ 9 ᦬ 10 ᣣߩ㑑⼏ߦ߅޿ߡޔ㘩♳⋧࡞࠲࡯ߣ⚻ᷣ⋧㩖㨵㩧࡮ ࡜࠙ࡑ࡯ߦࠃࠆ⇣⼏↳ߒ┙ߡߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔᛚ⹺ߐࠇߚޕߒ߆ߒޔߎߩᡷ㕟ߩലജ⊒ើ ߩ೨ឭߪޔ࡜ࠗࡅࠬࡃࡦࠢߩߎߩ⸘↹߳ߩᛚ⹺ߢ޽ߞߚޕߛ߇ޔ࡜ࠗࡅࠬࡃࡦࠢߪޔ଻቞ ᡽ᴦኅߩࡋ࡞ࡈ࡝ࡅߩ⽻ᐊᡷ㕟⸘↹ࠍᤚ⹺ߒߡ޿ߚߩߢޔ㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼㩧㩂㩨ߩ⸘↹ߦߪ෻ኻߢ޽ ߞߚޕߎ߁ߒߡޔ⚿ዪߪޔ࡞࠲࡯߇ޔࡋ࡞ࡈ࡝ࡅߩ⸘↹ࠍࡌ࡯ࠬߦޔᴺോ⋭ߣ㘩♳⋭ߩቭ ௥ޔ߅ࠃ߮࡜ࠗࡅࠬࡃࡦࠢߩ⡯ຬߣදജߒߡޔᣂߒ޿ㅢ⽻⸘↹ࠍ૞ߞߚޕߎߩ࡞࠲࡯ߩ⸘ ↹߇ޔ⽷ോ⋭ߩቭ௥ߦࠃߞߡୃᱜߐࠇߚߩߜޔ㨬⊒೛㌁ⴕ⸳┙ᴺ᩺㨭ߣߒߡ⼏ળߦឭ᩺ߐࠇ ߚޕ  ╙৻ᰴࠪࡘ࠻࡟࡯࠯ࡑࡦౝ㑑ߪޔ᝼ᮭᴺࠍ߼ߋࠆ⺰੎ߩߚ߼ߦޔߎߩᣂ⊒೛㌁ⴕ᮸┙ߩ ᴺ᩺߇ክ⼏ߐࠇࠆએ೨ޔ1923 ᐕ 10 ᦬ 3 ᣣߦ✚ㄉ⡯ߒߚޕ╙ੑᰴࠪࡘ࠻࡟࡯࠯ࡑࡦౝ㑑ߪ 10 ᦬ 6 ᣣߦ⚵㑑ߐࠇߚ߇ޔ㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼㩧㩂㩨ߪ౉㑑ࠍⷐ⺧ߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚޕߎߩౝ㑑ߦ⚻ᷣ᡽╷਄ ߩ⁛ⵙᮭේࠍઃਈߔࠆ᝼ᮭᴺߪޔ⼏᳿ߐࠇߚޕᣂߒ޿࡟ࡦ࠹ࡦࡃࡦࠢߣ࡟ࡦ࠹ࡦࡑ࡞ࠢ߇ޔ ⽷ോ⋧࡞࠲࡯ߦࠃߞߡ⸳┙ߐࠇߚޕ    ᐕߦ߅ߌࠆ⽷ോᄢ⤿㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼㩧㩂㩨ߩᵴേ  ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩ 1929 ᐕᕟᘓߪޔห࿖߇╙৻ᰴᄢᚢ⚳ੌᓟ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄ⻉࿖ߦኻߔࠆௌᮭ࿖ߢ޽ ߞߚߚ߼ޔߘࠇࠄߩ࿖ߦᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߒߚޕ࠼ࠗ࠷⚻ᷣߪޔ1924 ᐕ߆ࠄ 1928 ᐕߦߪޔ ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ߆ࠄߩ⍴ᦼⲢ⾗ߦࠃߞߡᓳ⥝ߒߚޕߒ߆ߒޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ߇ෂᯏߦ㒱ࠆߣޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ ߩᛩ⾗ኅߪޔⲢ⾗ࠍ࿁෼ߔࠆ߆ޔ޽ࠆ޿ߪޔࡠ࡯ࡦߩ୫ࠅ឵߃ࠍ಴᧪ߥ߆ߞߚޕߎߩߚ߼ޔ ࠼ࠗ࠷߽ᕟᘓߦ㒱ߞߚޕ࠼ࠗ࠷ߩ⚻ᷣ⁁ᴫߪᖡൻߒߚޕᄬᬺ⠪ߩᢙߪޔ1929 ᐕߩᧃߦߪޔ ࠼ࠗ࠷ߢ߽Ⴧᄢߒߚޕᄬᬺ⠪ᢙߪޔ1929 ᐕ 9 ᦬ߦߪ 130 ਁੱޔ1930 ᐕ 9 ᦬ߦߪ 300 ਁੱޔ 1931 ᐕ㧥᦬ߦߪ 430 ਁੱޔ1932 ᐕߦߪ 540 ਁੱޔ1933 ᐕೋ߼ߦߪ 600 ਁੱࠍ⿥߃ߚޕ਎ ⇇ᕟᘓߪޔഭ௛⠪ߛߌߢߥߊޔਛ㑆ጀߦ߽ᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߒޔ߆ࠇࠄߩᕆㅴൻ߇࠽࠴ࠬߩౄຬ Ⴧടࠍ߽ߚࠄߒߚޕ  1927 ᐕ 5 ᦬ߩ⼏ળㆬ᜼ߩᓟޔ␠ળ᳃ਥౄߩࡒࡘ࡜࡯ࠍ㚂⃰ߣߔࠆㅪ┙ౝ㑑߇ᒻᚑߐࠇߚ ߣ߈ޔ㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼㩧㩂㩨ߪౣ߮⽷ോᄢ⤿ߣߥߞߚޕࡒࡘ࡜࡯ౝ㑑ߪޔ1929 ᐕߩᧃߦޔᄬᬺ଻㒾㊄ ߩᡰᛄ޿߇࿎㔍ߦߥߞߚߣ߈ⅽ⸃ߒߚޕߎߩᄬᬺ଻㒾㊄ߪޔ1927 ᐕߦ࠼ࠗ࠷␠ળ଻㒾೙ᐲ

－164－ ߩᣂߒ޿ᩇߣߒߡᚑ┙ߒߚޔޟ⡯ᬺ⚫੺߅ࠃ߮ᄬᬺ଻㒾ߦ㑐ߔࠆᴺޠߦၮߠߊ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚޕ  ᄬᬺ₸߇ 1929 ᐕߦ 8.5%ߦߥߞߚߣ߈ޔᄬᬺ଻㒾ᐡߪ⾗㊄ਇ⿷ߦ㒱ߞߚޕ⺕߇ߎߩ⚻⾌ ࠍᡰᛄ߁ߴ߈߆߇ޔ⺰੎ὐߣߥߞߚޕડᬺኅߣߘࠇࠍઍ⴫ߔࠆ᡽ౄߪޔᄬᬺ଻㒾㊄ߩ೥ᷫ ࠍⷐ᳞ߒߚߩߦኻߒߡޔ␠ળ᳃ਥౄߪޔ૶↪⠪ߣⵍ↪⠪߇ಽᜂߔࠆ଻㒾ᢱߩჇ㗵ࠍⷐ᳞ߒ ߚޕ੍▚໧㗴ࠍ⸃᳿ߔࠆߚ߼ߦޔ㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼㩧㩂㩨ߪჇ⒢ޔᎺ߳ߩ⵬ഥ㊄ߩ೥ᷫޔᱦ಴ߩ೥ᷫߥ ߤޔਃߟߩ᡽╷ࠍឭ␜ߒߚޕ᡽ᐭߪޔ੍▚ߩဋⴧࠍၷᜬߔࠆߚ߼ߩᣂߒ޿࿖ௌࠍ⊒ⴕߔࠆޔ ࠴ࡖࡦࠬ߇ή߆ߞߚޕߘߎߢޔ߆ࠇߪޔࡆ࡯࡞ޔᾍ⨲ޔ߅ࠃ߮⵾ㅧຠߦኻߔࠆ⒢㊄ࠍჇ㗵 ߒࠃ߁ߣ⹜ߺޔ߹ߚޔᄬᬺߩߚ߼ߩၮ㊄ࠍ㧟㧑߆ࠄ㧡㧑߳ߣჇ㗵ߔࠆߎߣࠍⷐ᳞ߒߚޕߒ ߆ߒޔ߆ࠇ߇੍▚ߩဋⴧࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߣ޿߁ᦨೋߩ⚂᧤ࠍታⴕߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚߣ߈ޔ߆ࠇߪ 1929 ᐕ 12 ᦬ߩਛ㗃ޔ7,500 ਁ࠼࡞ߩ㊄㗵ߩ⍴ᦼⲢ⾗ࠍฃߌࠃ߁ߣޔࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩ࠺ࠗࡠࡦ-࡝࡯࠼ ﹇第二日目﹈ ળ␠ߩ㌁ⴕㇱߣ੤ᷤࠍᆎ߼ߚޕߎߩ᡽ᐭߩࡠ࡯ࡦߩ೨ឭ᧦ઙߪޔ࠼ࠗ࠷ਛᄩ㌁ⴕߩ✚ⵙߦ 第二会場 ࠃࠆௌോߩ଻⸽ߢ޽ߞߚޕߒ߆ߒޔ✚ⵙߩࠪࡖࡂ࠻ߪޔ5 ంࡑ࡞ࠢߩᧂᛄ޿ߩ᡽ᐭௌോࠍᡰ ᛄ߁ࠃ߁ߦⷐ᳞ߒޔ࿖ߩ⽷᡽߇ᱜᏱൻߔࠆ߹ߢߪޔᣂߒ޿ࡠ࡯ࡦߪᛚ⹺ߢ߈ߥ޿ߣ⸒ߞߚޕ ߘࠇ᡿ޔ㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼㩧㩂㩨ߪޔ1929 ᐕ 12 ᦬ 20 ᣣߦߪㄉ⴫ࠍឭ಴ߖߑࠆࠍᓧߥߊߥࠅޔࡒࡘ࡜࡯ 㚂⋧ߪޔ⠉ᣣޔߘࠇࠍฃ㗔ߒߚ 5ޕ 3. 㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼㩧㩂㩨ߩޟ␠ળ⊛౒๺࿖ޠߦ㑐ߔࠆᕁᗐߣ࠼ࠗ࠷␠ળ࿖ኅᚑ┙ߦߣߞߡߩᗧ⟵  㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼㩧㩂㩨ߪޔ1924 ᐕߩ␠ળ᳃ਥౄᄢળߦ߅޿ߡޔޟ␠ળ⊛౒๺࿖ߩߚ߼ߦޠߣ㗴ߔࠆ ၮ⺞ႎ๔ࠍⴕߞߚޕߎࠇߪᓟߦࡄࡦࡈ࡟࠶࠻ߣߒߡೀⴕߐࠇߚޕ߆ࠇߪߎߩႎ๔ߦ߅޿ߡޔ ╙৻ᰴᄢᚢᓟߩ␠ળ⚻ᷣᖱ൓ࠍ⸃᣿ߒޔ࡞࡯࡞㑵੎ߩ⚳⚿ߣ࠼࡯࠭᩺ฃ⻌໧㗴ޔ࿖㓙ㅪ⋖ ട⋖໧㗴ޔ8 ᤨ㑆ഭ௛ᣣ໧㗴ߥߤޔౝᄖߩ᡽╷ࠍ⺰ߓߚޕߎߩၮ⺞ႎ๔ߦ߅޿ߡޔ߆ࠇߪ␠ ળਥ⟵ℂ⸃ߣߒߡޔ␠ળ⊛⥄↱ޔ⁛┙ޔ߅ࠃ߮⥄Ꮖ᳿ቯߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍᒝ⺞ߒߚޕ  ߆ࠇߪޔᦨᓟߦ࿖ኅᒻᘒߩ໧㗴ࠍ⺰ߓߚޕ߆ࠇߪޔޟ౒๺࿖ߪ⥄↱ߩታ⃻ߢ޽ࠆޠߣ⠨߃ ߚߩߢޔำਥ೙ߦ෻ኻߒޔ౒๺࿖ߩߚ߼ߩ㑵੎ࠍ⸷߃ߚޕߎߩ㑐ㅪߢޔࠊߚߒߪޔ␠ળਥ ⟵ߣߪ‛⾰⊛೑⋉ࠍਈ߃ࠆ߽ߩߢߪߥߊޔ⥄↱ߩታ⃻ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ᓐߩᕁᗐߦޔᵈ⋡ߔࠆ 6ޕ ࠊࠇࠊࠇߪޔ߆ࠇ߇␠ળਥ⟵ߩߚ߼ߦᦸ߻ߩߪޔഭ௛⠪ߩ‛⾰⊛Ⴚㆄߩᡷༀߛߌߢߪߥߊޔ ߻ߒࠈޔ౒๺࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆ⥄↱ߩታ⃻ߣ޿߁ℂᗐߢ޽ߞߚߎߣࠍℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆޕ  ╙ੑᰴᄢᚢᓟߦᚑ┙ߒߚ࠼ࠗ࠷ㅪ㇌౒๺࿖ߪޟ␠ળ࿖ኅޠࠍ⥄⒓ߔࠆޕߘߩၮᧄᴺߩⷙ ቯߦࠃࠇ߫ޔ␠ળ࿖ኅߣߪޔ᳃ਥਥ⟵ߩ߽ߣߦ␠ળ᡽╷ࠍㆀⴕߔࠆ࿖ኅߢ޽ࠆޕߘߒߡޔ ␠ળ࿖ኅࠍḰ஻ߒߚᕁᗐߣߒߡޔࡋ࡯ࠥ࡞߆ࠄᱧผቇᵷ㧔␠ળ᡽╷ቇળ㧕ߦ޿ߚࠆ଻቞ਥ ⟵ޔࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎ␠ળℂ⺰ޔ࠼ࠗ࠷␠ળ᳃ਥਥ⟵ޔ߅ࠃ߮ࠝ࡞࠼⥄↱ਥ⟵ߩ৻ㇱ╬߇ޔ᜼ߍ

5 㧔Wagner,1996,145-6㧕ෳᾖޕ 6 ޟ߽ߒޔ␠ળਥ⟵߇⥄↱ࠍᗧ๧ߒߥ޿ߩߥࠄޔ␠ળਥ⟵ߣߪ૗ߥߩ߆ޕࠊࠇࠊࠇ߇␠ળਥ⟵ࠍᦸ߻ℂ↱ߪޔࠊࠇࠊࠇ ߇‛⾰⊛೑ኂߩᡰ㈩߆ࠄ⸃᡼ߐࠇޔ೑ኂ㑐ଥ⠪ߩ᡽ౄߦࠃࠆ⛔೙߆ࠄ⸃᡼ߐࠇߚ޿ߣᏗᦸߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕࠊࠇࠊ ࠇ߇ᦸࠎߢ޿ࠆߩߪޔ੹ᣣߤߎߢࡄࡦࠍ㘩ߴޔ᣿ᣣߤߎߢᴱ߹ࠇࠆߩ߆ߣ޿߁ࠃ߁ߥ໧㗴߇ޔήߊߥࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕߎ ࠇࠄߩ໧㗴߇ⷞ⇇߆ࠄᶖ߃ޔੱ㘃߇ੱ㑆ߩᢥൻߩንࠍಽ߆ߜว߁ߣ߈ޔੱ㘃ߪ⥄ಽࠍታ⃻ߢ߈ࠆߩߛޕߘࠇࠁ߃ޔᢥൻ ߣ⥄↱ߪਇนⷞߢߪߥ޿ޕ߽ߒ߽ޔ᥸ജ⊛ߥዋᢙ⠪߇ޔ౒๺࿖ߣߘߩᙗᴺ૕೙ߦ෻ੂࠍ⿠ߎߔߥࠄޔࠊࠇࠊࠇߪᙗᴺߩ ᠩ⼔⠪ߣߒߡޔ߆ࠇࠄߩ᡹᠄ߦ෻᠄ߔࠆߎߣࠍᕎ߹ߥ޿ߛࠈ߁ޠ㧔Hilferding,1924b,12㧕

－165－ ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ 7ޕߎߩႎ๔ߢ⺑᣿ߒߚ㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼㩧㩂㩨ߩ⚵❱⾗ᧄਥ⟵̆⚻ᷣ᳃ਥਥ⟵ߩℂ⺰ߣ␠ળ ⊛౒๺࿖ߩᕁᗐߪޔߣ߽ߦޔ1924 ᐕߦޔ߆ࠇ߇วห␠ળ᳃ਥౄߩℂ⺰⊛ᜰዉ⠪ߣߒߡᵴേ ߒᆎ߼ߚᤨߦޔㅀߴࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆޕ੹ᣣ⊛ߦߺࠆߣޔ╙ੑᰴᄢᚢᓟߩ࠼ࠗ࠷ߩ␠ળ࿖ኅࠍḰ ஻ߒߚ␠ળ᳃ਥਥ⟵ᕁᗐߩ৻ߟߣ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ޕ࠽࠴ࠬߦࠃߞߡ߆ ࠇߩ⹜ߺߪޔᝂ᛬ߒߚߩߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ᳃ਥਥ⟵ߩ೙ᐲߩਅߢޔ␠ળ᡽╷ࠍㆀⴕߔࠆߣ޿߁ޔ ␠ળ࿖ኅߩᨒ⚵ߺࠍ಴ߒߚὐߢޔߘߩࠃ߁ߦ⹏ଔߢ߈ࠆߣᕁ߁

ᢥ₂⋡㍳㧔⚕ᢙߩ೙㒢ߩߚ߼ޔႎ๔ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ߽ߩߩߺណ㍳㧕㧧 DeistޔHeinrich Wirtschaftsdemokratie,a.a.O.SS.191-226. in ; Schmid,Carlo /Karl Schiller/ Erich

Potthoff㧔?㧕, Grundfrage Moderner Wirtschaftspolitik, Europaeische Verlagsanstalt. Hilferding,Rudolf. (1910). Das Finanzkapital. Wien.

Hilferding, R (1924a),Problem der Zeit,in ;Die Gesellschaft, 1.Jg.Bd.1.

Hilferding,R.(1924b),Fuer die soziale Republik,Berlin 1924. (This is a keynote speech in the party

meeting in1924. But it was also published as pamphlet by SPD in Berlin.)

Hilferding,R.(1927),Die Aufgaben der Sozialdemokratie in der Republik, Rede auf der SPD zu Kiel,

Berlin. Smaldone,William(1998),Rudolf Hilferding. The Tragedy of a German Social Democracy. Northern

Illinois University Press.

Stephan,Cora (Hg)(1982), Zwischen den Stuehlen oder ueber die Unvereinbarkeit von Theorie und

Praxsis. Schriften Rudolf Hilferdings 1904 bis 1940.Vefrlag J.H.W.Dietz Nachf.

Wagner,F.Peter (1998), Rudolf Hilferding. Theory and Politics of Democratic Socialism, Humanities

Press, New Jersy.

Weinzen,Hans Willi,(1980), Wirtschaftsdemokratie heute ? Konzept, Kritik, Konsequenz, dvk Verlag

GmbH,.

ࡅ࡞ࡈࠔ࠺㨼ࡦࠣ,R/ ୖ↰⒤࡮਄᧦ാ✬⸶(1983)⃻ઍ⾗ᧄਥ⟵⺰ޔᣂ⹏⺰ޕ ଻૑ᢅᒾ(1985),㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼㩧㩂㩨ߩ⚻ᷣℂ⺰ޔᪧ಴ ␠ޕ ଻૑ᢅᒾ(1992),␠ળ᳃ਥਥ⟵ߩḮᵹޔ਎⇇ᦠ㒮ޕ ଻૑ᢅᒾ(1993),࠼ࠗ࠷␠ળਥ⟵ߩ᡽ᴦ⚻ᷣᕁᗐޔᴺᓞᢥൻ␠ޕ ଻૑ᢅᒾ(1997),࠼ࠗ࠷࡮ࠗࡦࡈ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߣ㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼㩧㩂㩨ޔᗲ⍮ᄢቇ⚻ᷣቇળޔ ᗲ⍮ᄢቇ⚻ᷣ⺰㓸ޔ144㨯145 ภޔpp.1-33㧚 ଻૑ᢅᒾ(2007),ࡧࠔࠗࡑ࡞౒๺࿖ᦼߦ߅ߌࠆ␠ળ⊛౒๺࿖ߩᕁᗐޔᗲ⍮ᄢቇ⚻ᷣቇળޔᗲ⍮ᄢቇ⚻ᷣ⺰㓸ޔ ╙ 174 ภޔpp.1-36. ଻૑ᢅᒾ(2009a),ࡧࠔࠗࡑ࡞౒๺࿖ᓟᦼߦ߅ߌࠆ㩕㩣㩖㨱㩍㩨㨼㩧㩂㩨ߩ␠ળ࿖ኅ⺰ޔ㤥 Ṛ࡮⋧ ↰࡮ᄥ ↰ ✬ ⪺ޡࡐࠬ࠻࡮ ࡑ࡞ࠢࠬ⎇ⓥޢ߬ࠆ಴ ޕ ଻૑ᢅᒾ(2009b), ࠼ࠗ࠷␠ળ࿖ኅࠍᒻᚑߒߚᕁᗐߣ⃻ઍޔ␠ળᕁᗐผቇળޡ␠ળᕁᗐผ⎇ⓥޢ╙ 33 ภޔ ⮮ේᦠᐫޕ

7 ࠼ࠗ࠷␠ળ࿖ኅࠍᒻᚑߒߚ⻉ᕁᗐߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ㧔଻૑ޔ2009㨎㧕ࠍ⷗ࠃޕ

－166－ Theory of shipping productivity revisited: Industrial revolution, ship technology and shipping freight rates Okan Durua,b aDepartment of Maritime Transportation and Management Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Tuzla 34940, Istanbul, Turkey. bDepartment of Maritime Transportation Systems, Kobe University, 658-0022, Kobe, Japan. Tel: +81 90 9867 8949 Fax: +81 78 431 6259 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This paper reviews theories on shipping freight market in the period of 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Bicentennial fluctuations are indicated in maritime transportation costs and cause of such movements is investigated by many scholars (D. North, 1958; Harley, 1988, 1989 among others). The productivity of shipping transportation is found the most important reason of longstanding freight rate decline between the beginning of 1800s and 1900s. The present research overviews freight rate indices and its outcomes about the boom-bust cycles of shipping costs in the industrial revolution era and afterwards. Several studies investigated dry cargo shipping markets and some of them attempted to construct a composite index of freight rates (Isserlis, 1938; Mohammed & Williamson, 2004; Klovland, 2008 among others). Although, several critiques are indicated about the method of composition, these indices depicted long term movements in general (Veenstra and Dalen, 2008; Mohammed and Williamson, 2004). Theory of shipping productivity is investigated by a long term composite freight index and fluctuations of post-WWI also compared. Keywords: Shipping costs, Freight index, Transport productivity, Dry cargo shipping. ﹇第二日目﹈ I. INTRODUCTION 第三会場 Importance of seaborne trade is indicated by several studies (Metaxas, 1971; North, 1958; Jacks, Meissner and Novy, 2009 among others). Seaborne trade is a value of how much cargo is transported in how much distance between two seaports. Productivity of shipment will be depending on quantity of cargo and navigating distance. These two main items are affected by various factors including economics, politics, geographical boundaries, warfare, weather conditions etc. Increasing stability on global politics trigger trading activities and finally shipping industry steps up to enhance facilities and capacities. On the other hand, seasonal factors may change direction and boost to wider navigating durations and distances (i.e. hurricanes, tsunami). However, productivity changes in the long run are based on more extensive elements of world system. Such an analysis should be performed by a broader perspective which is enriched by all economic, political, technological and historical domains. One of the critical instruments of this analysis is proper and quality statistics as possible as. In literature of economic history, statistics for shipping volume and transportation costs are presented and investigated by various studies (Isserlis, 1938; North, 1958; Harley, 1988 among others). By the presence of proper data, we explored that shipping played a key role on economic development and reasons of freight rate fluctuations are discussed for understanding such economic interactions and results. Foreign trade balance is generally based on import and export activities. However, there is an unaccounted item which is the service of overseas transportation (Isserlis, 1938). There is no doubt that shipping is a key indicator in the international trade and its cost is a part of retail prices. Fluctuations on shipping freights still influence prices on finished goods as it is before. The structure and terms of shipping freights are classified on two main divisions which are voyage domain pricing and time domain pricing. Voyage domain pricing named voyage charter is including all fixed and variable costs of shipment such as operation costs, port dues, agency fees, brokerage commissions, financing costs etc. On the other hand, a time domain pricing named time charter only consists of fixed costs such as financing costs, daily mandatory expenses (i.e. manning, victualling). If a trading price of a product is declared as CIF (cost, insurance, freight), it is also reflecting transport cost factor anyhow. Various shipping companies, exchanges and governmental institutions keep freight rate records and also several freight indices are published for average of the market and for a specific ship size. History of freight rate is investigated by many scholars and the theories on shipping productivity are indicated according to several hypotheses (Harley, 1988; North, 1958; Mohammed and Williamson, 2004). Particularly on long distance transportation, shipping cost is crucial even it was critical on 18th and 19th century’s era. Capacity of shipment was highly limited, speed of service is tied to proper seasonal winds and cargo traffic was single way a long time rather than both directions. Under the conditions of the various factors, shipping service evolved and freight rates are broadly affected from the particulars of maritime transportation characteristics. The present research discusses shipping productivity and compares economic thinkers about their inferences and contributions. From eighteenth to twentieth century, declining freight rates and increasing productivity are

－167－ well introduced and accepted widely. However, reasons of such decline of freight rates are discussed in several studies and various theses are concluded. Even Harley (1988) stated that his study overturns the previous work of North (1958). II. SEMINAL WORKS AND MODERN ECONOMIC APPROACH 2.1 Preliminary works of Leon Isserlis Leon Isserlis (1938) published his outstanding study “Tramp shipping cargoes and freights” and provided one of the noteworthy sources of freight market fluctuations. As one of the important statistician, he served for Chamber of Shipping, UK and compiled several freight rate data which mainly benefited from Angier (1920). His assessments are pointed out cycles of warfare that are Franco-German War, African War and World War I. Although, Isserlis supplied freight rate index for a critical turning point of the world, these indices are criticised by many scholars because of lack of suitable number of fixtures and unnecessarily overweighting of some routes (Mohammed and Williamson, 2004; Veenstra and Dalen, 2008 among others). Gathering this information with previous records and inferring reasons of longer term fluctuations are remained for contemporary researchers such as North (1958) and Harley (1988). 2.2 Institutional improvement thought of Douglass North Douglass North (1958) attempted to extend the recent freight market knowledge by superimposing freight rate of British Import and American Export data. According to Douglass North, the decline of freight rates in the nineteenth century was formed by three main factors of shipping productivity: Increasing efficiency of freight markets, Technological innovations and Development of external economies. The nineteenth century is also crucial in terms of communication technology. Increasing availability and speed of telegraphy facilities ensured proper and timely communication between Shipowners, Charterers and also Masters of ships. Imperfect market condition (Fama) was mitigated and uniformity in the movement of rates was partly maintained. Another indication is reported with respect to technological improvements. Both steam power usage and metallurgical revolution improved stability for higher carrying capacity ships and rapid service even in the lack of winds for sail propulsion. Resistance for stronger sea conditions is obtained. Hull and engine technologies improved safer navigation and prevented loss of property (i.e. due to piracy attacks). North (1958) also concluded an important aspect of the post-discovery term of the world which is presence of cargoes for returning to homeports that is named backhaul cargoes. After the industrial revolution, both in North America and Asian destinations, exporting products were supplied and backhaul cargoes could be carried on a highly competitive price as compared with ballast voyages of empty cargo holds. New regions expand in population and income with new export trades and further export products were implemented. North (1958) extended our knowledge about the long term decline of freight rates in the nineteenth century and the freight rate data is deepened backwards until the beginning of the nineteenth century. Later these data is judged by Harley (1988) because of the technical particulars of cotton loads. 2.3 Technological improvement thought of C. Knick Harley C. Knick Harley pointed out that the main source of increasing productivity is metallurgical developments which are broadly improved by industrial revolution. His argument supports that technological improvements provided stronger hull designs (i.e. metal ships), increasing capacity of ships, increasing service speeds (i.e. steamship technology) and therefore sea transport ensured productivity gains due to technical performance. Harley (1988) indicates that North’s freight rate data for cotton trades has an important shortcoming since the packaging technique of cotton bags somehow changed. Compressing of cotton into the bags provides additional transport volume and the cost of carriage is lesser per tons of cargo. By this way, capacity reaches to 20-25 pounds per cubic foot from 8-12 pounds per cubic foot. It is almost twice of previous measures. North’s evidence for the sharp decline at the beginning of the nineteenth century is arisen mainly by such technical metamorphosis. In spite of a long term moderate decline on the rates, it was not expected deep as indicated for the first half of 1800s. Harley (1988) summarises reasons of freight rate decline on six items: 1. Innovation of steamships against the sailing ships. 2. Opening of Suez Canal and superiority of steamers on Asia-Europe transport. Larger sailing ships are usually not suitable for Red Sea navigation because of lack of proper winds. 3. Metallurgical technology provided safer ship design, decreasing number of crew, lesser loss of ships, and increasing capacity of cargo space. 4. Increasing productivity on steel industry reinforced shipbuilding industry for cheaper production and stronger and larger designs. 5. Packaging technology ensured increasing use of transport volume. 6. Presence of tugs supported manoeuvrings of larger steamers in the port.

－168－ Furthermore, there is an unavoidable factor, “warfare”. The eighteenth century was consisted substantial warfare including War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748), the Seven Years War (1756-1763), the War of American Independence (1776-1783), and the Wars of the French Revolution and Napoleon (1793-1815). Comparing with the nineteenth century, the eighteenth century had stronger effect of warfare on international trade. Therefore, it was not safe for navigation, and increments for war risks were incurred on the rates of shipping transport. 2.4 Modern contributions Kaukiainen (2001) reported a research about the transmission of information and influences of electric telegraph. After 1820s, information transfer speed and coverage are broadly developed and communication has been available for intercontinental transmissions too. Increasing distribution of information ensured efficient use of commercial news, meteorological records and port facilities. Thus, circulation of freight rates and nominated cargoes is performed to several points including both sides of Atlantic and Indian trades. “Communication technology” is recorded one of the critical reasons of freight rate decline. O’Rourke and Williamson (2002) examined “Globalisation” issue including long history of international trade. About freight market, they pointed out globalisation effect and increasing international trade. By the establishment of free trade and commercial collaboration between various trading routes, increased efficiency of markets provided competitiveness on shipping service. Jacks (2005) investigated international commodity market integration in the Atlantic economy under the global developments of 19th century. He reported issues concerning price fluctuations and trade costs. An important indication is presented about the freight market. Freight rates are slacked in the 19th century by the increasing bilateral trades among the Europe-America and Europe-Asia routes as well as technological developments. On several centuries, trade flows are characterised by the single direction transport and ballast voyages (empty cargo holds) are steered for backing to product sources. Industrial revolution influenced many ﹇第二日目﹈ countries including developing continents such as Americas and Asia. Manufacturing facilities are developed 第三会場 and products are available for exporting. Merchant ships are loaded on both directions and free spaces are utilised well. “Bilateral utilisation” provided reduction on cost of shipping. III. OVERVIEW OF CONTRIBUTIONS One of the most cited issue on economic history is the decline of freight rates in the 19th century and its influences on global trade. Although, wholesale prices have increased at the same period, shipping costs distintly exposed a long term decline. Many economic philosophers developed theories about the decline of freight rates and they mainly indicated rise of shipping productivity by several reasons. For building a wide perspective, I want to summarise and extend these theories. First of all, the political, economic and structural differences between 1700s and 1800s should be defined. Analysis is based on investigation of ’efficiency of freight markets’ and ’technological capability of shipping service facilities’. Although, concentration is on two main issue, one more item should be expressed which is the opening of Suez Canal. 3.1 Efficiency of Freight Markets About the condition of free trade, Navigation Acts (1660 and 1696) of British Empire have critical importance. Navigation Acts regulate shipping from and to British states. According to the Acts; 1. Only British ships could transport imported and exported goods from the colonies. 2. The only people who were allowed to trade with the colonies had to be British citizens. 3. Commodities such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton wool which were produced in the colonies could be exported only to British ports. These regulations restricted flexibility of fleet and discriminated other country fleets. Therefore, available shipping fleet term is different than today. Although, probably there is suitable number of tonnages, supply of shipping service is partly regulated. The case of Navigation Acts continues till the end of 1700s. In the seond half of 18th century, the British have fallen in several warfare and Navigation Acts are loosen. In spite of the official declaration of free trade in 1849, shipping service gained its freedom by the revolutions. When passing from 18th century to 19th century, one of the critical discrimination of sea trade is collapsed. The effect of Navigation Acts presumably can not be avoided. Notably, Napoleonic Wars dissolved the discrimination and both Atlantic and Levant trades gained competitiveness. Downturn of Ottoman Empire also contributed to release Levant trading routes. Another important improvement is arisen from the ’Bilateral Trading Pattern’. Particularly in Atlantic case, shipping service is mainly employed on single-way trades from Europe to Americas before 19th century. However, Industrial revolution brought several opportunities for Americas to improve manufacturing activities and external economies contributed to transportation industry. The technological improvements of Industrial revolution (it will be discussed soon on the next section) ensured to produce some backhaul cargoes from

－169－ Americas to Europe and from Indies to Europe trades. Ships have chosen to be loaded for backing routes at a competitive price. Freight rates would be balanced on both directions day by day. Marginal discounts existed on long distance shipments.

3.2 Technological Capability of Shipping Service Facilities By the Industrial Revolution, shipping industry gained productivity through three main track: one of them is the development of steam power on merchant ships, another is the development of steam power on manufacturing industries and the third is metalurgical innovations. Steam power provided an exclusive superiority and ships were available to navigate safer, rapid and with increasing cargo capacity. It was very valuable for both Atlantic and Indian routes. By the steam powered industries on both sides of Atlantic, ships were loaded for both directions. Manufacturing and export products have been raised in Americas and empty spaces of ships could be loaded with a reasonable low costs. Metalurgical improvement of hulls provided larger, stronger and high capacity merchant fleet. These ships are also less costly about the manning. Rather than a highly specilised sail ship operation, metal steam ships are easy to operate and crew size declined. Communication technology is another critical improvement which develops efficiency of freigth markets by exchanging commercial information. By the 1800s, port and shipping news were distributed speedy and intercontinental telegraph communication increased competitiveness of negotiations and also both ports and fleet were utilised better. One of the most fascinating geographical technology should be opening of Suez Canal. In 1869, Suez Canal have began to service for merchant shipping and the canal provided shorter voyages to Indies. However, in the time of opening and later on closure issues of 20th century, effects of Suez canal was not larger than a regular freight rate cycle. Quantitive measures of this issue will be discussed on the next section. IV. BICENTENNIAL FREIGHT RATE CYCLES AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS A recent study of Duru and Yoshida (2009) provided a long term freight rate index (here-after LFI) by combination of unweighted average growths of several freight rate data. LFI is based on dry cargo and general cargo (before 1950s) shipping records which are mainly derived from various cited papers. LFI series is a long term data (267 years) starting from 1741 and ending to last records. Such a long term record ensures comparative analysis between several centuries. Fig. 1 indicates the LFI dataset and it is clear that there is a two-century cycle in 1700s and 1800s. A hundred-year upturn follows the previous cycle. Supercycle of WWI is well noted.

2500

2000

1500 LFI 1000

500

0 1741 1751 1761 1771 1781 1791 1801 1811 1821 1831 1841 1851 1861 1871 1881 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 Year

Fig. 1. The LFI series between 1741 and 2008. 18th century have a long term increasing trend and higher volatility relative to 19th century. In the 19th century, a long term decline exists and volatility is broadly damped. Finally, 20th century brings a long term upturn with highly volatile rates. The main concentration of comparative analysis will be between 19th and 20th century. We listed several reasons for the decline of freight rates. However, many similar cases exist in the 20th century and their results are major emphasis.

－170－ 800

600

400

200

0

-200 1742 1753 1764 1775 1786 1797 1808 1819 1830 1841 1852 1863 1874 1885 1896 1907 1918 1929 1940 1951 1962 1973 1984 1995 2006

-400

-600

Fig. 2. The first differences of LFI series, d(LFI). Table 1 points out some important particulars of two centuries. 19th century is the long term downturn period and 20th century is the long term upturn period. The concern is whether conditions are really changed. One of the most noted particulars of 19th century is the technological improvements. Nevertheless, the 20th century recorded the innovation boom which is ever seen. Steam power is displaced by diesel engine, both the size and 1 ﹇第二日目﹈ speed of merchant ships are exponentially increased . Port technologies have also ensured high speed operations. 第三会場 Table 1. Comparison of innovations between centuries. Period 1800s 1900s Trading discriminations Partly existed and ended by 1849, Negligible free trade policy of England.

Ship technology Steam power and metal hull Diesel engines and higher propulsion power, very large carriers, electronic navigation, automatic cargo handling, satellite communication, higher speed, self- maneuvring by thrusters etc.

Communication Telegraph Telephone (although it is invented on the last quarter of 1800s, practically and widely used after 1900s), satellite systems, internet, electronic mails, P2P internet phones.

Trading routes Multilateral trading. Multilateral trading. World wide, unlimited trading.

Transport geography Suez Canal opening. Various sea canals were constructed including Panama Canal.

However, decline of trade discriminations, communication technology and multi-lateral trading are existed since the 19th century. Especially trade discriminations and multi-lateral trade should be noted as specific improvements of the 19th century. All of these factors are parts of improvement of market efficiency on the shipping transactions. Presumably, the major particulars of the 19th centuries decline on freight rates are based on efficiency of markets. Efficiency is also a part of productivity of merchant fleet because of increasing utilisation.

1 For a detailed information about shipping technology development, please refer to Stopford (2009) (several pages).

－171－ V. CONCLUSION This paper reviews main theoretical ideas on shipping and productivity of sea service. The long term decline of the 19th century is a spectacular issue, so many scholars investigated the term of decline. Nobel Prize awarded economic historian Douglass North, particularly focused on efficiency issue, but several studies also argued on technology improvements. A broad comparison of circumstances of centuries indicates prominent importance of efficiency rather than technological advances. The 20th century is unique period of technological improvements. Although, technology should have had an important impact on shipping freights, the difference between two periods is mainly derived from globalisation of shipping service. References Angier, E. A. V. (1920). Fifty Years’ Freights, 1869-1919, Fairplay, London. Duru, O., Yoshida, S. (2009). Long term freight market index and inferences. Proceedings of the 43rd conference of Japan Society of Logistics & Shipping Economics, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo. Fama, E. (1970) Efficient capital markets: a review of theory and empirical work. Journal of Finance, 25, 383- 417. Harley, C.K. (1988). Ocean freight rates and productivity, 1740–1913: the primacy of mechanical invention reaffirmed. Journal of Economic History 48, 851–876. Harley, C.K. (1989). Coal exports and British shipping, 1850–1913. Explorations in Economic History 26, 311– 338. Isserlis, L. (1938). Tramp shipping cargoes, and freights. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 101, 53–134. Jacks, D. S. (2005), “Intra- and International Commodity Market Integration in the Atlantic Economy, 1800- 1913.” Explorations in Economic History 42(3), 381-413. Jacks, D.S., Meissner, C.M., Dennis, N. (2009). Trade costs in the first wave of globalization. Explorations in Economic History, doi:10.1016/j.eeh.2009.07.001. Kaukiainen, Y. (2001). Shrinking the world: Improvements in the speed of information transmission, c. 1820- 1870, European Review of Economic History, 5, 1-28. Klovland, J.T. (2008). The construction of ocean freight rate indices for the mid-nineteenth century. International Journal of Maritime History 20, 1–26. Metaxas, B. (1971). The economics of tramp shipping. London: Athlone Press. Mohammed S.I.S. and Williamson J.G. (2004). Freight rates and productivity gains in British tramp shipping 1869-1950. Explorations in Economic History, 41, 172-203. North D. (1958). Ocean freight rates and economic development 1750–1913. Journal of Economic History, 18, 537–555. O’Rourke K.H. and Williamson J.G. (2002). When did globalisation begin? , European Review of Economic History, 6, 23-50. Stopford M. (2009). Maritime Economics. Routledge, New York.

－172－ ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผㅢผߩᣇᴺ⊛໧㗴 ̆21 ਎♿ೋ㗡ߩᲑ㓏ߦ߅ߌࠆㅢผ௝

⍹੗ାਯ㧔㕍ጊቇ㒮ᄢቇ㧕

Σ㧚໧㗴ߩᚲ࿷: ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆᦨㄭߩㅢผ᭴ᚑ਄ߩ໧㗴ὐ

ᐢ⟵ߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ㧔⚻ᷣቇผࠍ฽߻㧕ࠍㅢผ⊛ߦ᭴ᚑߒߡ޿ߊ႐วޔ૗ࠍ್ᢿၮḰ㧔ࡔ࡞ࠢࡑ࡯࡞㧕

ߦߒߡ⺰ℂ⊛ߦ᭴ᚑߒߡ޿ߊߩ߆ߦߟ޿ߡޔᣣᧄߩᦨㄭߩㅢผ⊛⪺૞ߪή⥄ⷡ⊛ߛߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕߘࠇ

ࠄߩ଀ߣߒߡޔએਅߩੑ⪺૞߇޽ߍࠄࠇࠃ߁ޕහߜޔ㊄ሶశ↵✬⪺ޡ⚻ᷣᕁᗐߩḮᵹޢ౎ජઍ಴ , 2008,

㊁ᴛᢅᴦޡ⚻ᷣቇผߣኻ⹤ߔࠆޢᓮ⨥ߩ᳓ᦠᚱ, 2008, ߢ޽ࠆޕߎࠇࠄੑ⪺૞ߪޔㅢผߩ᭴ᚑゲࠍ⺰

ߓࠆ୘ᚲࠍ⸳ߌߡ߅ࠄߕޔ✂⟜ᕈ࡮૕♽ᕈ࡮㚂የ৻⽾ᕈ߆ࠄᄙߊߩ໧㗴ὐࠍ߽ߞߡ޿ࠆޕャ౉ടᎿᬺ

⊛ߥᣣᧄߩ⷏᰷⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ࡮⷏᰷⚻ᷣቇผߣ޿߁໧㗴ᗧ⼂ࠍ߽ߟߥࠄ߫ޔᒰὼޔㆬᛯߒߚᕁᗐኅ࡮ቇ ﹇第二日目﹈ ⠪࡮ቇᵷߦߟ޿ߡ૗᡿ߘ߁ߥߞߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ߩㅢผゲߦߟ޿ߡౕ૕⊛ߦㅀߴߚ┨ࠍ⸳ߌߚ਄ߢᧄ⺰ࠍዷ 第三会場 㐿ߔߴ߈ߢ޽ߞߚߛࠈ߁ޕዏޔ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ࡮⚻ᷣቇผߩᱧผ⊛ᒻᚑߦߟ޿ߡߪޔߟ߉ߩ᜕Ⓜࠍෳᾖߐ

ࠇߚ޿ޕ㧔ޟ⚻ᷣቇผߩᚑ┙ߣዷ㐿̆ㅢผᢥ₂ߩᱧผ⊛േะ̆ޠޡ㕍ጊ⚻ᷣ⺰㓸ޢ╙ 35 Ꮞ╙ 1 ภ, 1983.

7ޕᒰᣣ㈩Ꮣ੍ቯ㧕ޕߘߎߢޔએਅޔᦨㄭೀⴕߐࠇߚ᰷☨㧔⧷࡮☨࡮੽㧕ߩቯ⹏޽ࠆઍ⴫⊛ㅢผߩᲧセ

ᬌ⸛߆ࠄ 21 ਎♿ೋ㗡Ბ㓏ߦ߅ߌࠆᦸ߻ߴ߈ㅢผ௝ࠍ߁߆߮޽߇ࠄߖߡߺࠃ߁ޕ

Τ㧚ᣇᴺ⺰⊛⥄ⷡߦၮߠߊㅢผゲߩ᭴▽ࠍ߼ߋߞߡ: ઍ⴫⊛㘃ဳߩᲧセᬌ⸛

ߎࠇ߹ߢ ࠍ㊀ߨߡ߈ߚઍ⴫⊛ㅢผߣ 21 ਎♿ߦߪ޿ߞߡೀⴕߐࠇႎ๔⠪ߦ౉ᚻน⢻ߢ޽ߞߚㅢผ

ߦߪޔ⃻࿷ᤨὐߢએਅߩ߽ߩ߇޽ߍࠄࠇࠆޕ㧔⪺⠪ฬ㧔ೀⴕᐕ㧕ߩᒻߢೀⴕᐕ㗅ߦ೉᜼ߔࠆߩߢޔᧄᢥ

ᧃየߩ㧨ೀⴕᐕ㗅ㅢผᢥ₂㧪ߣᾖวߐࠇߚ޿ޕ㧕

ࡉ࡞࡯㧔2000, ╙ 6 㧕, ࠛ࠻ࡀ࡞㧔2000㧕, ࡝ࡑ㧔2001, ╙ 6 㧕, ࡃ࠶ࠢࡂ࠙ࠬ㧔2002㧕, ࡔ࠺

ࡑ&ࠨࡒࡘࠛ࡞࠭✬㧔2003㧕, ࡧࠔ࠶ࠫ&ࠣ࡟࡯ࡀࡧࠚ࡯ࠥࡦ㧔2003㧕, ࡠࡦࠞ࠶࡝ࠕ㧔2005㧕, ࠬ

ࠢ࡟ࡄࡦ࠹ࠖ&ࠩࡑ࡯࠾㧔2005, ╙ 2 㧕, ࠼࠘࡞ࡊ࡜ࠬ㧔2007, ╙ 2 㧕, ࠛ࡯ࠢ࡜ࡦ࠼&ࠛࡌ࡯࡞

㧔2007, ╙ 5 㧕, ࠨࡦ࠺࡝ࡦ, ࠻࡜࠙࠻ࡧࠔࠗࡦ&ࡧࡦ࠻࡜࡯ࠢ㧔2008, ╙ 2 㧕, ࠕࡦ ࡝㧔 2009㧕,

࡝ࡑ㧔2009, ╙ 7 㧕

ߎࠇࠄ 13 ⪺૞ߩ⹦⚦⋡ᰴࠍએਅߦ␜ߒߡ᭴ᚑ਄ߩ㘃ૃὐ࡮⋧㆑ὐࠍᲧセߒߡߺࠃ߁ޕ

－173－

 ࡉ࡞࡯㧔2000, ╙ 6 㧕⋡ᰴ㧔᜕Ⓜޟ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผㅢผ௝߳ߩᮨ⚝̆ࠨࡦ࠺࡝ࡦ㧘࠻࡜࠙࠻ࡧࠔࠗ

ࡦ&ࡧࡦ࠻࡜࡯ࠢ౒⪺ޡ◲⇛⚻ᷣᕁᗐผޢ㧔2008㧕ࠍ߼ߋߞߡ̆ޠޡ㕍ጊ⚻ᷣ⺰㓸ޢ╙ 60 Ꮞ╙ 4

ภ, 2009. 3, 82㨪83 㗁ෳᾖޕᒰᣣ㈩Ꮣ੍ቯޕએਅ᜕߽Ⓜ߆ࠄߩᒁ↪ߪหߓ㧕ޕ

 ࠛ࠻ࡀ࡞㧔2000㧕⋡ᰴ㧔ᒰᣣ㈩Ꮣ⾗ᢱෳᾖ㧕ޕ

 ࡝ࡑ㧔2001, ╙ 6 㧕⋡ᰴ㧔᜕Ⓜ, 83㨪85 㗁㧕ޕ

 ࡃ࠶ࠢࡂ࠙ࠬ㧔2002㧕⋡ᰴ㧔᜕Ⓜ, 85㨪87 㗁㧕ޕ

 ࡔ࠺ࡑ&ࠨࡒࡘࠛ࡞࠭✬㧔2003㧕⋡ᰴ㧔᜕Ⓜ, 87㨪88 㗁㧕ޕ

 ࡧࠔ࠶ࠫ&ࠣ࡟࡯ࡀࡧࠚ࡯ࠥࡦ㧔2003㧕⋡ᰴ㧔᜕Ⓜ, 89㨪90 㗁㧕ޕ

 ࡠࡦࠞ࠶࡝ࠕ㧔2005㧕⋡ᰴ㧔᜕Ⓜ, 90㨪92 㗁㧕ޕ

 ࠬࠢ࡟ࡄࡦ࠹ࠖ&ࠩࡑ࡯࠾㧔2005, ╙ 2 㧕⋡ᰴ㧔᜕Ⓜ, 92㨪93 㗁㧕ޕ

 ࠼࠘࡞ࡊ࡜ࠬ㧔2007, ╙ 2 㧕⋡ᰴ㧔ᒰᣣ㈩Ꮣ⾗ᢱෳᾖ㧕ޕ

 ࠛ࡯ࠢ࡜ࡦ࠼&ࠛࡌ࡯࡞㧔2007, ╙ 5 㧕⋡ᰴ㧔᜕Ⓜ, 93㨪94 㗁㧕ޕ

 ࠨࡦ࠺࡝ࡦ, ࠻࡜࠙࠻ࡧࠔࠗࡦ&ࡧࡦ࠻࡜࡯ࠢ㧔2008, ╙ 2 㧕⋡ᰴ㧔᜕Ⓜ, 105㨪106 㗁㧕ޕ

 ࠕࡦ࡝㧔2009㧕⋡ᰴ㧔ᒰᣣ㈩Ꮣ⾗ᢱෳᾖ㧕ޕ

 ࡝ࡑ㧔2009, ╙ 7 㧕⋡ᰴ㧔ᒰᣣ㈩Ꮣ⾗ᢱෳᾖ㧕ޕ

 એ਄ߩ 13 ⪺૞ࠍޔႎ๔⠪߇ߎࠇ߹ߢߩㅢผၫ╩ᣇᴺ⺰߆ࠄ⷗಴ߒߚ 4 ߟߩゲߦᒰߡߪ߼ߡߺࠆߣ

એਅߩࠃ߁ߦᢛℂߢ߈ࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁ޕߘࠇߙࠇߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴߿┙႐ߩᓟߦߘࠇࠄߩቯ⟵ߠߌࠍᝌ౉ߒߡ

߅ߊޕ

(1)  ⋧ኻਥ⟵⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴㧔ฦᤨઍޔฦ࿖ޔฦ࿾ၞߩ․ቯߩ␠ળ⚻ᷣ໧㗴ߦኻᔕߒߡޔ⚻ᷣᕁᗐ߿

⚻ᷣቇ߇ᚑ┙ߒߚߣߔࠆ┙႐㧕̆ࡉ࡞࡯㧔2006, ╙ 6 㧕ޕ

(2)  ⛘ኻਥ⟵⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴㧔⃻࿷ߩ⚻ᷣቇ㧔ߘߩઍ⴫ߪᣂฎౖᵷਥᵹߩࡒࠢࡠࠛࠦࡁࡒࠢࠬ෸߮ࡑ

ࠢࡠࠛࠦࡁࡒࠢࠬߩℂ⺰㧕߇㆐ᚑߒߡ޿ࠆಽᨆ᳓Ḱ߆ࠄㆊ෰ߩℂ⺰࡮ቇ⺑ߩ㐳⍴ࠍᛕ್⊛ߦ⹏ଔ

ߔࠆ┙႐㧕̆࠼࠘࡞ࡊ࡜ࠬ㧔2007, ╙ 2 㧕, ࠛ࡯ࠢ࡜ࡦ࠼&ࠛࡌ࡯࡞㧔2007, ╙ 5 㧕ޕ

(3)  ⋧ኻਥ⟵⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߣ⛘ኻਥ⟵⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߩ⵬ቢ⊛૶↪㧔 (1), (2)ࠍޔㆡቱޔᤨઍޔ࿖ޔ࿾

ၞޔ໧㗴╬ޘߦᔕߓߡ૬↪ߔࠆ┙႐㧕̆ࠛ࠻ࡀ࡞㧔2000㧕, ࡃ࠶ࠢࡂ࠙ࠬ㧔2002㧕, ࠬࠢ࡟ࡄࡦ

࠹ࠖ &ࠩࡑ࡯࠾㧔2005, ╙ 2 㧕, ࠨࡦ࠺࡝ࡦ, ࠻࡜࠙࠻ࡧࠔࠗࡦ&ࡧࡦ࠻࡜࡯ࠢ㧔2008, ╙ 2 㧕,

࡝ࡑ㧔2001, ╙ 6 , 2009, ╙ 7 㧕ޕ

(4)  ᣂฎౖᵷਥᵹߣߣ߽ߦ⇣┵⊛⻉ầᵹ߽㊀ⷞߔࠆ┙႐㧔ቇผ࡮ᕁᗐผߦ߅ߌࠆㅪ⛯⊛࡮⚥Ⓧ⊛⊒

－174－ ዷࠍਥゲߦᝪ߃ߡ޿ࠆ߇ޔฦᕁᗐ࡮ฦቇ⺑㑆ߩ┹ว࡮ᢿ⛘㑐ଥޔߘߒߡ૬ሽࠍ⹺߼ࠆᣇᴺ⺰⊛ᄙ

రਥ⟵㧔methodological pluralism㧕ߩ┙႐㧕̆ࡔ࠺ࡑ&ࠨࡒࡘࠛ࡞࠭✬㧔2003㧕, ࡧࠔ࠶ࠫ&ࠣ

࡟࡯ࡀࡧࠚ࡯ࠥࡦ㧔2003㧕, ࡠࡦࠞ࠶࡝ࠕ㧔2005㧕ޕ

21 ਎♿ೋ㗡ߩㅢผၫ╩ߩ௑ะߣߒߡߪޔએ਄ߩಽ㘃߇␜ߔࠃ߁ߦޔ⋧ኻਥ⟵⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߣ⛘ኻਥ

⟵⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߩ⵬ቢ⊛૶↪ޔਗ߮ߦޔᣇᴺ⺰⊛ᄙరਥ⟵ߩណ↪ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇޽ߍࠄࠇࠃ߁ޕ․ߦޔ

ᣇᴺ⺰⊛ᄙరਥ⟵ߩ᦭ലᕈߦߟ޿ߡߪࠪ࡯࡜࡮࠳࠙㧔Sheila Dow㧕ߩ⷗⸃߇ෳ⠨ߦߥࠆޕ㧔Sheila Dow,

̌History of thought, methodology, and pluralism̍, in Jack Reardon(ed.), The Handbook of

Pluralist Economic Education, London and New York: Routledge, pp.43㨪53. 㧕ޕᓐᅚߦࠃࠇ߫ޔᢙ

ቇ⊛࡮Ṷ➈⊛⺰ℂߦࠃࠆಽᨆࠍวℂ⊛୘ੱⴕὑߣ⚿߮ߟߌࠆ⺰ℂታ⸽ਥ⟵⊛࡮৻ర⺰⊛વ⛔⊛⚻ᷣቇ

㧔ᣂฎౖᵷਥᵹߩߎߣߢ޽ࠈ߁: ႎ๔⠪㧕ߪᕁᗐผߣᣇᴺ⺰ߦࠃߞߡᛂ⎕ߢ߈ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆޕਥᵹᵷ⚻

ᷣቇߩౝㇱߦ߅ߌࠆᄙరਥ⟵ߩჇട߇⃻ታߦ↢ߓߡ߅ࠅޔ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผࠍ⎇ⓥߔࠆߎߣ߇ᄙరਥ⟵ࠍℂ ﹇第二日目﹈ ⸃ߔࠆߚ߼ߩℂᗐ⊛ߥᣇᴺߥߩߢ޽ࠆޕ㧔Ibid., pp.44㨪45, 48. 㧕ߒ߆ߒޔᚒޘߦߪᣇᴺ⺰⊛ᄙరਥ⟵ 第三会場 ࠍᦝߦᩮᐩߢᡰ߃ߡ޿ࠆੱ㑆ⷰ࡮਎⇇ⷰߣߒߡߩ⚻ᷣືቇ㧔economic philosophy㧕޽ࠆ޿ߪ⚻ᷣ⊛ផ

⺰㧔economic reasoning㧕ߣ޿߁ⷰὐߦ┙ߞߡㅢผࠍ᭴▽ߒߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕᦨᓟߦޔߎߩ

ὐࠍ〯߹߃ߚㅢผ௝ߦ⸅ࠇߡ߅ߎ߁ޕ

Υ㧚ㅢผゲߩ޽ࠅᣇࠍ߼ߋߞߡ: 21 ਎♿ೋ㗡ߦ߅ߌࠆ⚻ᷣືቇ⊛໧㗴ᗧ⟵ߦၮߠߊㅢผ᭴▽ߦะߌߡ

Big Three in Political Economy/Economics ߣߒߡ৻⥸ߦ⹺߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ 18 ਎♿ߩࠬࡒࠬ㧔Adam

Smith, 1723㨪90㧕ޔ19 ਎♿ߩࡑ࡞ࠢࠬ㧔Karl Heinrich Marx,1818㨪83㧕ޔ20 ਎♿ߩࠤࠗࡦ࠭㧔John

Maynard Keynes, 1883㨪1946㧕ߦ౒ㅢߔࠆߩߪޔޟືቇψᇦ੺㗄ψ⚻ᷣቇޠߣ޿߁ᒻᚑㆊ⒟ߢ޽ࠆޕ

හߜޔ޿ߕࠇ߽಴⊒ὐߪᩮᐩ⊛࡮ၮ␆⊛ߥືቇ⊛┙႐ߢ޽ࠆޕ㧔ࠬࡒࠬߦ߅ߌࠆ⥄ὼᴺືቇޔࡑ࡞ࠢࠬ

ߦ߅ߌࠆࡋ࡯ࠥ࡞ືቇᛕ್ޔࠤࠗࡦ࠭ߦ߅ߌࠆ G. E. ࡓ࡯ࠕືቇ㧕ޕߘࠇࠄ߇ᇦ੺㗄㧔ࠬࡒࠬߦ߅ߌ

ࠆ୶ℂቇ࡮ᴺቇޔࡑ࡞ࠢࠬߦ߅ߌࠆࡈࠜࠗࠛ࡞ࡃ࠶ࡂືቇߦၮߠߊผ⊛໑‛⺰ޔࠤࠗࡦ࠭ߦ߅ߌࠆࠤ

ࡦࡉ࡝࠶ࠫ࡮ࠨ࡯ࠞࠬߢߩ⼏⺰㧕ࠍ⚻ߡޔฦޘߩ⚻ᷣᕁᗐߦ⚿ታߒߚߣ޿߃ࠃ߁ޕᚒޘߦߪޔߎߩࠃ

߁ߥⷞⷺ㧔⚻ᷣᕁᗐߩᩮᐩߦ޽ࠆߘࠇߙࠇߩືቇߩᲧセ⊛࡮ᛕ್⊛ᬌ⸽㧕ߦ┙⣉ߒߚㅢผߎߘ߇ޔ੹ޔ

ᔅⷐߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆޕΤ. ߢㅀߴߚ(1)(2)(3)(4)ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴߽൮᜝⊛ㅢผߩၮ␆ߣߒߡ

ਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ⚻ᷣ⊛ផ⺰㧔economic reasoning: Karl Priblam ߩㅧ⺆㧕ߩᲧセᬌ⸛ߦၮߠߊ⚻ᷣ

ືቇผ㧔history of economic philosophy㧕ߩᓳᮭ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠃ߁ޕߎߎߢෳ⠨ߦߥࠆߩ߇Ꮐฝ↰༑৻

㇢ޔ᧖᧛ᐢ⬿ޔᱞ⮮శᦶޔႮ㊁⼱␭৻╬ߩ⻉⪺૞ߢ޽ࠅࡊ࡝ࡊ࡜ࡓߩ⪺૞㧔ᧄᢥᧃߩ㧨ೀⴕᐕ㗅ㅢผ

－175－ ᢥ₂㧪ෳᾖ㧕ߢ޽ࠆޕ

એਅߢߪႮ㊁⼱␭৻⪺૞ߦࠃࠆ⁛⥄ߩ⚻ᷣቇผ௝ߣࡊ࡝ࡊ࡜ࡓߩ⪺૞ޔᦝߦޔߎࠇࠄࠍ⵬ቢߔࠆߣ

ᕁࠊࠇࠆࡄ࡯࡞ࡑࡦ⺰ᢥ㧔Mark Perlman,̌The History of Ideas and Economics̍, in A Companion to the History of Economic Thought, edited by W. J. Samuels, J. F. Biddle & J. B. Davis, Oxford:

Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2003, pp.634㨪654㧕ࠍ⚫੺ߒޔᧄႎ๔ߩ⚿߮ߣߒߚ޿ޕ

Ⴎ㊁⼱␭৻⪺૞ߦࠃࠆ᭴ㅧ⊛࡮᦭ᯏ⊛⚻ᷣቇผㅢผ௝ߣ߽޿߃ࠆቯ⟵ߠߌߪ㔍⸃ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇ޔ

ߘࠇࠍ␜ߔ୘ᚲࠍႮ㊁⼱᳁ߩ⪺ㅀ߆ࠄએਅߦ 4 ߟ␜ߒߡߺࠃ߁ޕ

 ޟࡄࡁ࡜ࡑ㧩ࠪ࠽࡝ࠝ࡮ࡕ࠺࡞ޠߦࠃࠆᱧผߩޟో૕⊛ౣ᭴ᚑޠߣߪޔ⚻ᷣቇߩᐕઍ⸥㘑ߩㅢผ

ࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆߩߢߪߥ޿ޕߘߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߪࡋ࡯ࠥ࡞ߩޟ∻๐ߩ↹ᑈޠߦઁߥࠄߥ޿ޕᱧผߩޟో

૕⊛ౣ᭴ᚑޠߪޔ޽ߚ߆߽ℂ⺰ኅ߇ኻ⽎ߣߒߡߩ⃻ታࠍࡕ࠺࡞ൻߔࠆߩߣหߓࠃ߁ߦޔኻ⽎ߣߒ

ߡߩ⻉ቇ⺑ࠍ᧚ᢱߣߒߡޔ⚻ᷣ⊛⚻㛎ߩో૕௝ࠍࡕ࠺࡞ൻߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕߘߎߦߪ৻⽾ߒߚࠪ

࠽࡝ࠝ߇ߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿ޕ㧔Ⴎ㊁⼱␭৻ޡ⚻ᷣືቇේℂ̆⸃㉼ቇ⊛ធㄭޢ᧲੩ᄢቇ಴ ળ, 2009,

363 㗁ޕ㧕

 ࠪࡘࡦࡍ࡯࠲࡯ߩ⚻ᷣቇผߩࠪ࠽࡝ࠝߩ▸࿐ߪޔ⚻ᷣቇߩ 3 ಽ㘃㧔⚻ᷣ㕒ቇ࡮⚻ᷣേቇ࡮⚻ᷣ␠

ળቇ㧕ࠍ฽߻ޕ੐ታޔᓐߩޡ⚻ᷣಽᨆߩᱧผޢߪߎࠇࠄߩ 3 ⒳ߩ⚻ᷣቇߩ⊒ዷࠍㅊ〔ߔࠆߎߣ߆

ࠄᚑࠅ┙ߞߡ޿ࠆޕ㧔ห਄ᦠ, 367 㗁ޕ㧕

 ⚻ᷣቇߦߟ޿ߡ⸃㉼ቇ߇ዷ㐿ߐࠇࠆ႐ߪޔ⚻ᷣቇߩᱧผߢ޽ࠆޕ⚻ᷣቇผ߇⸃㉼ቇߩౕ૕⊛ߥ႐

ߣߥࠆߚ߼ߦߪޔ⚻ᷣቇߩᱧผ߇ޟࡄࡁ࡜ࡑ㧩ࠪ࠽࡝ࠝ࡮ࡕ࠺࡞ޠߣߒߡ᭴▽ߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄ

ߥ޿ޕߘߩ⠨߃ᣇߪޔ୘ޘߩ⚻ᷣቇ⺑ߪߘࠇ⥄りߢቢ⚿ߒߚ߽ߩߢߪߥߊޔ⚻ᷣ⍮ߩ৻ᄾᯏߦߔ

߉ߕޔޟో૕⍮ޠ㧔ࡄࡁ࡜ࡑ㧕ߣޟ૕♽ᕈޠ㧔ࠪ࠽࡝ࠝ㧕ࠍᔅⷐߣߔࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆޕߎߩࡕ࠺

࡞ߪޔ⚻ᷣ⍮ߦ㑐ߔࠆޟሽ࿷ⵍᛩޠߣޟሽ࿷ᛩડޠߣߩ㑆ߩ㑐ଥࠍᱧผ⊛ᤨ㑆ߩᢥ⣂ߦߘߊߒߡ

ቯဳൻߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕቇ⺑ߩޟᱧผ⊛ౣ᭴ᚑ࡮วℂ⊛ౣ᭴ᚑ࡮ో૕⊛ౣ᭴ᚑޠߪޔߘࠇߙࠇޟㆊ

෰࡮⃻࿷࡮዁᧪ޠߩᤨ㑆ゲߦහᔕߒߚޟሽ࿷ੌ⸃ޠߦઁߥࠄߥ޿ޕ㧔ห਄⪺, 435 㗁ޕ㧕

 ⚻ᷣ⊛⍮ߩ਎⇇ߦ߅ߌࠆޟᛩડߣⵍᛩޠߣߩ㑐ଥࠍ⃻ታߦ␜ߔ߽ߩߪ⚻ᷣቇߩᱧผߢ޽ࠆޕ⚻ᷣ

ቇผߎߘߪޔ⚻ᷣߩ⸃㉼ቇ߇ታ〣ߐࠇࠆ⥰บߢ޽ࠆޕ⑳ߪޡ⚻ᷣືቇේℂޢߩਛߢޔቇผ⎇ⓥߩ

ߚ߼ߩޟࡄࡁ࡜ࡑ㧩ࠪ࠽࡝ࠝ࡮ࡕ࠺࡞ޠߣ޿߁᭎ᔨࠍឭ⿠ߒߚ߇ޔߎࠇߪޔቇผ⎇ⓥ߇ޟⵍᛩޠ

ߩਛߢ㛽⫃⿰๧߿⸥ᔨ⎼⊛ାઔߦၿߔࠆߩߢߪߥߊޔࠃࠅ㜞ᰴߩ⍮ߩ᭴▽ߩߚ߼ߩ⥄ⷡ⊛ޟᛩડޠ

ߩ⹜ߺߣߥࠆߚ߼ߦᔅⷐߥၮ␆ߢ޽ࠆޕࠪࡘࡦࡍ࡯࠲࡯ߩ⚻ᷣቇผߪޔ⚻ᷣߩ㕒ᘒℂ⺰ߩቢᚑߦ

⛯޿ߡޔേᘒℂ⺰߅ࠃ߮⚻ᷣ␠ળቇ㧔ߐࠄߦߪ✚ว⊛␠ળ⑼ቇ㧕߳ߣࡈࡠࡦ࠹ࠖࠕ߇᜛ᄢߔࠆߐ

߹ࠍሽ࿷ᛩડߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕᓐ߇ቇผ⎇ⓥߦ߅޿ߡථ⛘ߒߚ࿾૏ࠍභ߼ߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߽ޔ⍮ߩ⸃

㉼ቇߩታ〣⠪ߣߒߡߩ࡙࠾࡯ࠢߐߩ⸽Ꮐߢ޽ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆޕ㧔Ⴎ㊁⼱␭৻ޟ⚻ᷣືቇߩ᭴▽̆ޡ⚻

－176－ ᷣືቇේℂ̆⸃㉼ቇ⊛ធㄭޢߩೀⴕߦ㓙ߒߡޠޡUPޢ╙ 39 Ꮞ╙ 1 ภ, ᧲੩ᄢቇ಴ ળ, 2010 ᐕ 1

᦬, 12 㗁ޕ㧕

Ⴎ㊁⼱⪺ޡ⚻ᷣືቇේℂޢߦ߅ߌࠆޟ⚻ᷣືቇผޠߣ߽޿߃ࠆ߽ߩߪޔએ਄ߩᒁ↪߇␜ߔࠃ߁ߦޔ

ࡂࠗ࠺࠶ࠟ࡯㧔Martin Heidegger,1889㨪1976㧕ືቇߩޟሽ࿷ⵍᛩ࡮ሽ࿷ᛩડޠ᭎ᔨߦၮߠߊޟᱧผ

⊛ౣ᭴ᚑ࡮วℂ⊛ౣ᭴ᚑ࡮ో૕⊛ౣ᭴ᚑޠࠍ⋡ᜰߒޔޟࡄࡁ࡜ࡑ㧩ࠪ࠽࡝ࠝ࡮ࡕ࠺࡞ޠߣߒߡ᭴▽ߐࠇ

ࠆߣߒߡ޿ࠆޕߘߩౕ૕⊛ߥᒻᘒߪࠪࡘࡦࡍ࡯࠲࡯ߦࠃࠆޟ⚻ᷣ㕒ቇ࡮⚻ᷣേቇ࡮⚻ᷣ␠ળቇ࡮✚ว

⊛␠ળ⑼ቇޠࠍ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ߣߔࠆ૕♽⊛ㅢผߢ޽ࠆޕߒ߆ߒޔ໧㗴ߪޔߎࠇ߹ߢߩㅢผߦ⊓႐ߒߡ߈ߚ

ᕁᗐኅ࡮ቇ⠪࡮ቇ⺑࡮ℂ⺰ߥߤ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇࠆߩ߆߇ోߊਇಽ᣿ߥὐߢ޽ࠆޕႮ㊁⼱⪺

૞ਛߦᢿ ⊛ߦߪޔߘߩߎߣߦߟ޿ߡߩ⸒෸ߪߺࠄࠇࠆ߇ޔ⃻࿷ߩߣߎࠈޔផ᷹ߔࠆ߶߆ߥ޿ߩߢ޽

ࠅޔߎߩὐߦߟ޿ߡߩႮ㊁⼱᳁ߩᣂߚߥዷ㐿ࠍᦸ߻߽ߩߢ޽ࠆޕ

એ਄ߩႮ㊁⼱⪺ㅀߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߔࠆߣߎࠈߣߪ㘩޿㆑߁ὐ߇ᄙޘߺࠄࠇࠆ߇ޔ⚻ᷣᕁᗐผ㧔⚻ᷣቇผ ﹇第二日目﹈ ߽฽߻㧕ߩືቇේℂ⊛ዷ㐿ߩၮ␆ࠍਈ߃ߡߊࠇࠆߩ߇ࡊ࡝ࡊ࡜ࡓ㧔1983㧕ߣࡄ࡯࡞ࡑࡦ೨ឝ⺰ᢥ㧔2003㧕 第三会場 ߢ޽ࠆޕᦨᓟߦߎࠇࠄ 2 ੱߩ⺰ὐߦ⸒෸ߒߡᧄႎ๔ࠍ߹ߣ߼ߡߺߚ޿ޕ㧔ߎߩᦨᓟߩ⺰ὐߦߟ޿ߡߪޔ

ࡊ࡝ࡊ࡜ࡓ⪺ߩ⋡ᰴߩឭ␜ߣⷐ⚂ޔᦝߦޔࡄ࡯࡞ࡑࡦ⺰ᢥߩⷐ⚂ࠍⴕߥ߁੍ቯߢ޽ࠆޕ㧕

㧨ೀⴕᐕ㗅ㅢผᢥ₂㧪

 ࡊ࡝ࡉ࡜ࡓ㧔1983㧕: Karl Pribram, A History of Economic Reasoning 㧔Baltimore and London:

Johns Hopkins University Press,1983,li㧗765pp. 㧕

 ࡉ࡞࡯㧔2000, ╙ 6 㧕: Stanley L. Brue, The History of Economic Thought㧔Fort Worth, Tex. :

The Dryden Press,2000,6th edn., xiv+568pp.㧕

 ࠛ࠻ࡀ࡞㧔2000㧕: François Etner, Histoire de la Pensée Économique 㧔Paris: Ed. Economica,

2000,XΥ㧗369pp.㧕

 ࡝ࡑ㧔2001, ╙ 6 㧕: Ingrid Hahne Rima, Development of Economic Analysis (London and

New York: Routledge,2000,6th ed.,xiv+585pp.)

 ࡃ࠶ࠢࡂ࠙ࠬ㧔2002㧕: Roger E.Backhouse, The Penguin History of Economics㧔London:

Penguin Books Ltd.,X+369pp.㧕

 ࡔ࠺ࡑ&ࠨࡒࡘࠛ࡞࠭✬㧔2003㧕: Steven G. Medema & Warren J.Samuels㧔eds.㧕, The History

of Economic Thought: A Reader㧔London:Routledge,2003,xii+668pp.㧕

 ࡧࠔ࠶ࠫ&ࠣ࡟࡯ࡀࡧࠚ࡯ࠥࡦ㧔2003㧕: Gianni Vaggi & Peter Groenewegen, A Concise History

of Economic Thought: From Mercantilism to Monetarism㧔Houndmills, Basingstoke,

－177－ Hampshire and New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003,xvi+339pp.㧕

 ࡠࡦࠞ࠶࡝ࠕ㧔2005㧕: Alessandro Roncaglia, The Wealth of Ideas: A History of Economic

Thought㧔Cambridge, UK࡮New York, USA: Cambridge University Press, xiv+582pp.㧕

 ࠬࠢ࡟ࡄࡦ࠹ࠖ&ࠩࡑ࡯࠾㧔2005, ╙ 2 㧕: Ernesto Screpanti & Stefano Zamagni, An Outline

of the History of Economic Thought㧔Oxford, Ox. UK࡮New York, USA: Oxford University

Press, 2005, 2nd ed., xviii+559pp.㧕

 ࠼࠘࡞ࡊ࡜ࠬ㧔2007, ╙ 2 㧕: Ghislain Deleplace, Histoire de la Pensée Économique du

ޝRoyaume Agricoleޞde Quesnay auޝMonde à la Arrow-Debreuޞ,㧔Paris: Dunod, 2007, 2e

édition, Nouvelle Présentation, 2009, xxv+539pp.㧕

 ࠛ࡯ࠢ࡜ࡦ࠼&ࠛࡌ࡯࡞㧔2007, ╙ 5 㧕: Robert B. Ekelund Jr.& Robert F. Hébert, A History

of Economic Theory and Method㧔Long Grove, Illinois: Waveland Press, Inc.,2007,5th

ed.,xvii+637pp.㧕

 ࠨࡦ࠺࡝ࡦ, ࠻࡜࠙࠻ࡧࠔࠗࡦ&ࡧࡦ࠻࡜࡯ࠢ㧔2008, ╙ 2 㧕: Bo Sandelin, Hans-Michael

Trautwein & Richard Wundrak, A Short History of Economic Thought㧔London࡮New York:

Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group, 2nd ed.,2008,ix+118pp.㧕

 ࠕࡦ࡝㧔2009㧕: Gérard-Marie Henry, Histoire de la Pensée Économique㧔Paris: Armand Colin,

2009, 365pp.㧕

 ࡝ࡑ㧔2009, ╙ 7 㧕: Ingrid Hahne Rima, Development of Economic Analysis㧔London and

New York: Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group, 7th ed., xii+606pp.㧕

－178－ ãƂˣˣð̊¥ä ውዊųƸዖዎዌውዌዑȼዎዎųዄOዅጚዎዏųዄųዅ ዎዊð̪ዖ˵ͪƂʧʆĬP†–t\ νዕዏዌዉዔዑዑዑ ˵ͪJʆĬዏውዕዌ

ዏዊˣð)ʔ੒ER^\ዄι Ƃˣîʜ෨κܕযfz-ȻVዅ ዦዮ˵ͪྎİዄǸɕƻƻĄ้ɕዅϞ4 s\ ዏʟ5Ϟ4ውዌጚውዕ͕άዄ؅Ϡ}ዖဎͿወ̪ɦወŒʤʂɕወ ˵Ƃඍ͛˛ඞወ˵ͪLƂወDŽʽŬȣዅs\Ƃʧİȵ঎ ͚ውዎąወዎዏዌ¦ዅŜĈ͚ውąۀዄ̪ ͚ውዎąወۀJช ྎİJช5Ϟ4ηƂʧİθ؅΋ȵ঎ዄ̪ ዎዌዌ¦ዅወŜĈ͚ዏą ˵ͪǀʤϞ4 ¦͚ዏዌąወ͚ዐዌዌዌۀ̪ bRZŸ ͚ዎዑąወዐዌዌ¦ዅۀs\ ˵ͪǀʤİϞ4˵ͪྎİ)ɦ঎ዄ̪ ˵ͪྎİȴܕs\ϞJชɦ5Eϛ

ዐዊˣðዖΓʋʧૡߐåͯዄƂˣι îʜ෨κܕযfz-ȻVዅ ȱውˣð ዎዌውĞ˖ዄዎ඿ዅ ȱዎˣð ዏዌውĞ˖ዄዏ඿ዅ ȱዏˣð ዐዌውĞ˖ዄዐ඿ዅ $˖ ውዌውĞ˖ዄው඿ዅዅወ ዎዌዕ̞ü˖ዄዎ඿ ወ ዏዌዑ̞ü˖ዄዏ඿ዅዅወዐዌዑ̞ü˖ዄዐ඿ ወ Ƃˣ੷ͩʀƓ͊ ውዌዔĞ˖ዄው඿ዅ

ዑዊƴ༙ወçĨዖˣðʧ਍ƴ༙=76£ϟϕ)5ϕ5)>ዊƂʧɢǷϟዎዎų ዄOዅወዎዏųዄųዅ-ውውƸዏዌąጚውዏƸശወ༙Ô=യϤ-4ϙϦ ϗ)ϟወ„nˆŸ̋5ŹϢϗϞƹϗ)ዊϧOɈŗçĨዄʽ୴ 1,000 ¦ዅ =̳ଙϗ )ዊüÛϟϠϝɳਏ*ȵ—ϗዊ

ዒዊ˛ۛˣዄˣࡼ 5,000 ¦ዅ=ዎዎųዄOዅወውዔƸዐዌąጚዎዌƸዏዌąƂʧɢǷ যfzȻVዅ؅ϗ)ዊϧü`ŗüÛϟϠϝܕÔዄƂˣι îʜ෨κ༙ ɳਏ*ȵ—ϗዊ

ɕ«ϝμ5ਏ*ȵ—ϗዊܕዓዊçĨʽወ˛ۛˣࡼዑȼውዌųዄȼዅ)ȵ ̼ਏ໥çĨʽ ዎዎųዄOዅ 1,000 ¦ çĨʽ ዎዏųዄųዅ 1,000 ¦ ¦ ˣࡼ 5,000ۛ˛ ŝወçĨʽዎ༙ą዇˛ۛˣࡼŗ 7,000 ¦5)ዊ £μਏ} DŽත௱؅ ʆĬĀ Ǚ੒ຽ୴ɕ«ʟɨ ዑዌዒዓዏዔዌ ɕ«ɴåʡ Γʋʧɤʧˣȱዓዐ!“6Ƃˣ ˵ͪƂʧʀƓ͊ "ፆፒጰፘጿ( ጳጬጵፘጬጰፘጲጶጰፘጩጰጬጺፘጬ74 ጰጬጸፘፗጴጲጺጬጰጬ ɕ«ɴåʡxOmšέʛȰϗϢ —ϗ

ዔዊz[JRbŸϧ̦ɪŗወüÛϟϠ੒ͮËϝF4ȵ—ϗዊt`V– Ğ˖ϛʳϤ-ϟϕ5)ዊ

ዕዊüÛϟϠዑȼውዌųዄዅ ȼ Žϕϧ͡ýϢ —ϗ)3ϙϝ໯ϗϗ )ዊ

=)ዊϝወʧˣɄ Ϣ3ϙϝ໯ϗϗ 10ዊ~iŽ˫Ǚɽ͚ɮȴ؅ϗ ʀϊٜŭ୴ϟɋϤ4 6ወεŶȻŧĚ˫ǙʡĩƍወV–—J–ZŠ–യ യ ዊ˫Ǚʡĩ­ݪϧǷŤȵ—ϗዊɳ̝ιΓʋʧɤʧˣȱዓዐ!“6ƂˣȻŧĚ(7 ȴወ˫Ǚ~iŽx–kϝüȵ—ϗዊĨųι˫ወ‘ܕ=ʀິۀκŽܭǙ­ݪ˫ (κɪͭ=¾ϗ-4ϗܭκ=ϝƋ7ŗወɕ~iŽɽι˫Ǚ­ݪܭǙ­ݪ κɪͭܭወηΓʋʧɤʧˣˣ˴θϕ6Ŷx–kɳüወɽι˫Ǚ­ݪ ˘=κɪͭܭȴx–kϝüȵ—ϗዊˣðɋʳ-ɽι˫Ǚ­ݪ‘ܕ ϝϠ)ዊ

Γʋʧɤʧˣ᫝ȱᯧᯤ!᫝“6Ƃˣ᫝ᮂᮘ᭛ᮔᮋ ȱውųΡዑȼዎዎųዄOዅ Ř˵ͪƂʧዄHIJIKȼHHLHMųዅ ƸĦ ȱ᫝ᯡ᫝ˣ᫝ð ȱ᫝ᯢ᫝ˣ᫝ð ȱΫዏΫˣΫð ᎀᎁ፼፷ îʜĚዖ̂Ҟ˹Ąዄ͈੿Ƃʧዅ îʜĚዖOɰ˂ണዄ˵śƂʧዅ îʜĚዖɦɔƍ͜ jŽ۳୬ϗȫĘ̄ Ϋ໤ዖRŸŽqŸěǿޠ ɲǀΫ໤ዖŵ#ޠ ޠ\Ϋ໤ዖEcƒž\‚\„–im–ޠ ΫΫΫዉdˆŸp–ιȴ<ŵࢃκϝϤ6ዉ ɩˣĚዖȓſΫ੤ዄƂʂĵǃƂʧዅ ɩˣĚዖƗ໑੤ዄ̪c̩ŔƂʧዅ ɩˣĚዖÔΡǶɢዄƂൻƂʧዅ ፸፷ᎁ፼፷ ܋ޠĚዖŻɰΫόዄʂųɔ6෉Ƃʧዅ ܋ޠĚዖĄΫ˳`ዄʙ૪ɥϊƂʧዅ ܋ޠĚዖͿΫĕüዄĬʇεDZƂʧዅ ፸፸ᎁ፷፷ îʜĚዖɖࠡΫ࠮ዄʂDŽƂʧዅ îʜĚዖQʇΫƳዄീʂʧඞƂʧዅ îʜĚዖȢࠡΥ`ዄʂʙƂʧžඞዅ ͛Έʡɕå޹ΧޠΫ໤ዖŗǢޠ #ۀˏƧۀΫ໤ዖNŸlIϝϤ6ŵ#ซޠ Ϋ໤ዖ[JGƒ]ž\iˆEŸkj—Fflžޠ uˆŸƒ ʧඞƂʧዅ ɩˣĚዖüฅ෧Ɗዄđƙ1Ƃʧዅ ɩˣĚዖ̩1Ȁåዄɫ2ƂʧዅڿɩˣĚዖȓɔǿዄീ ፸፹ᎁ፷፷ ܋ޠĚዖhɔ઀ˮዄʦ˝åĖƂʧዅ ܋ޠĚዖĬɰ੤ǎዄüİƂʧዅ ܋ޠĚዖƅʖÔĄūዄʂǿƂʧዅ ፸፹ᎁ፷፷ ƴΫΫΫ༙ ፸፹ᎁ፼፷ ፸፹ᎁ፼፷ ΫΫˣዄയ ˮηΞዅ ፸፺ᎁ፼፷ ፸፻ᎁ፷፷ îʜĚዖ̩ʇǣ؅ዄɋƉƂʧžඞዅ îʜĚዖ–ɑ͗ȫ૒ዄxǸƂʧዅ îʜĚዖȂୱີȫዄണβƂʧዅ ݶɴθHIȾ͗ē໑ιȴɱZ܂Ϋ໤ዖηޠ ®Ϋ໤ዖ˵ͪƂʧxŸkužfž—FŸYŸĵޠ Ϋ໤ዖ\‚\ʿŗࡪ.̯໤JeȾ͗ē໑čǎΓޠ ΫΫΫΫʋʧ 6κƹɈዖEcƒž\‚\۳୬ąʡ ɩˣĚዖീΫ˖ƅ૒ዄɫ2Ƃʧዅ ɩˣĚዖɰɫͮȫዄDŽƚʧFƂʧዅ ɩˣĚዖ̂ҞȽɤዄʽǸ7ŔƂʧዅ ĚዖȿૡĄǎዄDZĞƂʧዅޠ܋ ĚዖƘɰüዄʦ˝åĖƂʧዅޠ܋ ʧඞƂʧዅڿĚዖʡȢΫɝዄീޠ܋ ፸፼ᎁ፷፷ ፸፼ᎁ፸፷ ΍aĚዖɰɋŊƆዄʙ૪Ƃʧዅ ΍aĚዖͿɫʂǿ~ዄɫ2ɥϊƂʧዅ Franck Jovanovic ዄTELUQ-UQAMዅ fZŠ–ዖηøˣ͛ġªxFŒ–\wŸ The dissemination of Louis Bachelier’s work in economics^ ێfZŠ–ዖη̲ϕΓʋʧij̉ዉSŸsŽ^ ΫΫΫΫΫΫΫϞ4θ ΫΫΫΫΫΫΫΜ܋θ and mathematics

îʜĚϝ3ޠ໤ îʜĚϝ3ޠ໤ Chairperson: Toshiaki Hirai (Sophia University) ፸፽ᎁ፸፷ Ϋʘ਍Dzȫዄʙ૪ʧFƂʧዅ Ϋ୴Ͱʧ̎ዄʙ૪Ƃʧዅ Commentator: Yoshihiro Yamazaki (Fukuoka University) ዄʧμäĖ_ƽ˴ዅ˂žۇǢ"J~KM(ണϗġˏ੺ŷ îʜĚዖဎܔ፸፽ᎁ፹፷ ΫΫyi–̲ϕ\‚\Γʋʧij̉ ΫΫʇ͈ͮ ΫΫዉd†iFŸ*6GQ\ȴɱάǎዉ Ϋɢࣗęƨዄ›®εDZƂʧዅ ΫͿɫʂǿ~ዄɫ2ɥϊƂʧዅ ޠΫ໤ዖwSŸźʠij̉੺ŷዉTG–]ιȫɨǂ ΫΫΫΫޠκİŗϝϤ6wSŸƌϊޠਗ਼χǀ ΫΫƏǎ̲ϕϝϤ6ΓʋƹɈዉĬǃްɰ=ɋŻዉ ΫΫዑ዁xFŒ–\wŸɟåඒʇ ɩˣĚዖʇȴåɆዄɋƉƂʧዅ ΫɰɋŊƆዄʙ૪Ƃʧዅ ΫͪɔΫǶዄDZĞƂʧžๆiƝዅ ፸፾ᎁ፹፷ ΫΫ̲ϕΓʋʧŹ%ǀάȫǀ Ϋې–l–ʇ͈΍aǷˣዄopqዅη̥ȱϕ6θƌϊĚ ܋ޠĚዖͪβΫőዄဎFƂʧዅ ፸፾ᎁ፺፷ îʜĚዖͿΫĕüዄĬʇεDZƂʧዅ ɩˣĚዖɻࡤͫīዄVȧ6DZƂʧዅ ޠΫ໤ዖTG–]ęʖޠ\ŒfxD͍ĕ=ࣕϛ 476Ϟ ܋ޠĚዖͪƱΥɩዄʂʙƂʧዅ ųJƂʧዅ ΫΫΫࣂɑΫݸዄȫmƂʧዅ ɩˣĚዖ̩1Ȁåዄɫ2ƂʧዅɩˣĚዖȢɰ˿ɤዄ ፸፿ᎁ፺፷ ܋ޠĚዖƯɰΫĨዄɲǸƂʧዅ ΫΫΫΫဎɰ˓ዄȵീJDZƂʧዅ ܋ޠĚዖŒʇ͜໬ዄȴǣƂʧዅ ፸፿ᎁ፻፷ ΫΫۛΫΫˣዄƂΫʧΫ༙ΫÔዅ˛ ፹፷ᎁ፺፷ ȱዎųΡዑȼዎዏųዄųዅ ȱΫውΫˣΫðȱΫዎΫˣΫðȱΫዏΫˣΫð ᎀᎁ፺፷ ΍aĚወɩˣĚዖ˟ɰૡƍ͜ዄŷƏɰƂʧዅ îʜĚዖ˚ɰŴƅ૒ዄʂʙƂʧዅ Okan Duru (Istanbul Technical University) ϛ
6̳θηV–—J–ZŠ–θ Theory of shipping productivity revisited: industrialۇΫ໤ዖηޠ fZŠ–ዖηƻʽ̯͛໤âΓʋƹɈɤዖHIȾ͗İ^ ዉ revolution, ship technology and shipping freight ratesޠϞ4θ ΫΫΫΫዉ\‚\uˆŸƒŦ ɢ̉ێΫΫΫΫΫΫΫǰE„N îʜĚϝ3ޠ໤ Ϋ̂Ҟŗ˕ዄƂʂĵǃƂʧዅ Chairperson: Tamotsu Nishizawa JðΦǂዋȑɾΦǂ ɩˣĚዖŒɫőዄͿͪƂʧዅ ΫΫΫΫΫΫΫ(Hitotsubashi University) ێΫΫዉ̚ശɌE„NϞ4 (ĚዖɜǦۛ˂ዄVȧJDZƂʧዅ Commentator: Masashi Kondo (Osaka Prefectural Universityޠ܋ ፸፷ᎁ፺፷ ΫŧҞόዄVȧ6DZƂʧžๆiƝዅ Ϋ ፸፷ᎁ፻፷ ΫΫJeJIʽʿඐE„NϝϤ6øˣͫථঢîʜĚዖͫ́ĕĶዄɪFƂʧዅ îʜĚዖQʇͮɟዄ฽ͪʧඞƂʧዅ

Ϋɢ¢ǙίዄDŽȷ੿Ƃʧžඞዅ ޠΫ໤ዖ—DGŽš˂6uŽxDjF–SȜƏ ޠΫ໤ዖΓʋƹɈɤ੒ɤŗǢ̯͛໤ዉHJȾ͗ē໑ ΫΫΫΫΓʋūɕɕåƹɈ ΫΫΫΫĹ඿ϝϤ6੒ɤ% ΫΫȾࡼɢȜŻ˘ዉΓʋʧ˥čʧɊ5΍*

܋ޠĚዖƗ୯ɕ·ዄɪFεDZƂʧዅ ɩˣĚዖࣂശ੿ƆዄɪɋƂʧዅ ɩˣĚዖǪࢀ୰åዄVȧJDZƂʧžɴዅ Ěዖຨ5੒˅ዄɋƉƂʧዅޠ܋ Ěዖljୱ٘µዄ୴´ʧඞƂʧዅޠ܋ ፸፸ᎁ፻፷ ΫΫΫΫȢࠡΥ`ዄʂʙƂʧžඞዅ ፸፸ᎁ፻፷ ƴΫΫΫ༙ ፸፹ᎁ፺፷ ፸፹ᎁ፺፷ ȱΫውΫˣΫð š੒ޠ໤ΫηΓʋʧɤij̉θ

΍aĚዖ̪ʛΫͨዄDZĞƂʧዅΫ˩ɰ̲ʖዄʂʙƺʖƂʧዅ

îʜĚϝ3ޠ໤

’ǃΫͫዄȫmƂʧዅΫΫΫGQ\ϝϤ6Γʋʧɤ_ƽij̉άJ~‘I’LJeHIڿΫ ΫဎΫ˿ɵዄɫ2ɥϊƂʧዅΫJeȾ͗ɓϞ4HIȾ͗ē໑E„NϝϤ6Γʋʧɤ_ƽäŵዉΓʋʧɤij̉ዉ ˖ΫŦβŧʽʖዄ˹ࢀƂʧዅΫۏM–ž’ŽŒ\Γʋʧɤ۠ዉͨ̌žøˣžƍɪΓʋʧ࣐ Ϋ˩ɰ̲ʖዄʂʙƺʖƂʧዅ[flዙ\kιΓʋʧɤκዉȾ͗ঙEɌϝϤ6Γʋʧ۠Ŭ˨ዉ ʧඞƂʧዅʅɰ̜ȫljȴŨžĬɰŴȳųɔΓʋƹɈɤ_ƽڿΫʇȴljǣዄീ

ɩˣĚዖ–ɑ͗ȫ૒ዄxǸƂʧዅ

፸፼ᎁ፺፷ ܋ޠĚዖȽƗƂʪዄVȧ6DZƂʧዅΫஸɑͮ෦ዄǪ΢ΓʋƂʧዅ Ϋ‘Ϋʀዅ؛ഭΫˣΫΫηΫΞΫዄʽΫ