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East Renfrewshire Survey of Gardens & Designed Landscapes

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East Renfrewshire Survey of Gardens & Designed Landscapes THE GARDEN HISTORY SOCIETY IN SCOTLAND EAST RENFREWSHIRE SURVEY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES RECORDING FORM A. GENERAL SITE INFORMATION (Expand boxes as necessary) SITE NAME: Caldwell House Estate ALTERNATIVE NAMES OR SPELLINGS: Coldwel (Pont), Callwall (Roy), Caldwall (various 18th century documents including those of Robert Adam) ADDRESS AND POSTCODE: Caldwell House, Gleniffer Road, Uplawmoor, Glasgow G78 4BE GRID REFERENCE: NS 41495415 LOCAL AUTHORITY: East Renfrewshire (Historical Counties Renfrewshire & Ayrshire) PARISH: Neilston. Has at times been in Beith Parish Ayrshire but is mostly associated with Neilston. The most recent change was as part of The Renfrew and Cunninghame Districts (Caldwell House Estate) Boundaries Amendment Order 1989. INCLUDED IN AN INVENTORY OF GARDENS & DESIGNED LANDSCAPES IN SCOTLAND: No 1 TYPE OF SITE: (eg. Landscaped estate, private garden, public park/gardens, corporate/institutional landscape, cemetery, allotments, or other – please specify) Landscaped Estate SITE OWNERSHIP & CONTACT: (Where site is in divided ownership please list all owners and indicate areas owned on map if possible) Complex recent ownership. Main house and grounds now understood to be under the ownership of JOK developments. Main contact for further information is Ms Julie Nicol, Planning Department, East Renfrewshire Council. Area around Ram’s Head Cottage and land to south as far as Caldwell House totalling approximately 10 acres under private ownership. Area around Roudans Cottage near Gleniffer Road entrance under private ownership. Area around former boiler room and glass house adjacent to Roudans Cottage under separate ownership. SIZE IN HECTARES OR ACRES: Caldwell House lies in the middle of Caldwell Estate. The estate extends to 67.4 hectares (166 acres) or thereby. PUBLIC ACCESS ARRANGEMENTS/OPENING TIMES (If any): Frequent access to and public usage of parts of the estate. No formal opening times etc. NATIONAL & LOCAL AUTHORITY DESIGNATIONS: (eg. Conservation Area, Green Belt, Tree Preservation Order(s), Nature Conservation Area, etc.) The site is subject to the adopted East Renfrewshire Local Plan (ERLP) and covered by policies; E2 Green Belt and countryside around Towns; E3 Protection of Natural Features; E4 Conservation of the Built Heritage; E6 Local Biodiversity Action Plan; DC1 All Development and DC3 Green Belt and Countryside Around Towns and Proposal E10.3 Environmental Projects. Part of the estate covering the area of swamp have been identified as Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINCS) by the Council. LISTED STRUCTURES: Caldwell House Category A. Listed 14 April 1971 Ref.14255 http://data.historic-scotland.gov.uk/pls/htmldb/f?p=2200:15:0::::BUILDING,HL:14255,Caldwell%20House Former Keeper’s House, Caldwell Estate Category B. Listed 31 March 2004 Ref. 49695 http://data.historic-scotland.gov.uk/pls/htmldb/f?p=2200:15:0::::BUILDING,HL:49695,Caldwell (Some discrepancies exist between the HS and RCAHMS entries. Two properties appear to have been 2 combined into one entry. A former Keeper's Cottage and the former Laundry for Caldwell House.) Ram’s Head Cottage Walled Garden, Caldwell Estate Category C. Listed 31 March 2004 Ref. 49696 http://data.historic-scotland.gov.uk/pls/htmldb/f?p=2200:15:0::::BUILDING,HL:49696,Caldwell (The bipartite (late 20th century) windows referred to in the listing are late 19th century not late 20th as stated). Water Pump, Caldwell Estate Category B. Listed 31 March 2004 Ref. 49697 http://data.historic-scotland.gov.uk/pls/htmldb/f?p=2200:15:0::::BUILDING,HL:49697,Caldwell B. HISTORICAL SURVEY INFORMATION: MAPPED, DOCUMENTARY & PUBLISHED SOURCES MAPPED SOURCES: (please list maps below in date order and attach copies where possible. Give the description or title, date, maker’s name if known, and for Ordnance Survey maps give the date of survey, edition number and sheet number) Unless otherwise stated all extracts from map images are reproduced by kind permission of the Trustees of the National Library of Scotland. Timothy Pont; Manuscript Maps of Scotland; Pont 33: Renfrewshire (circa 1590) http://maps.nls.uk/view/00002330#zoom=5&lat=1164&lon=3319&layers=BT Stops at border of Renfrewshire and Ayrshire but lands around Caldwell Tower (Coldwel) indicated with Ramsy in area of Ramshead. 3 Joan Bleau Renfroana Renfrew (Atlas of Scotland) 1654 http://maps.nls.uk/view/00000436#zoom=6&lat=2455&lon=4814&layers=BT As Pont but with clear indication of local water course 1752-55 Roy Military Survey of Scotland (Lowlands) © British Library Board. All Rights Reserved http://maps.nls.uk/geo/roy/#zoom=14&lat=55.75778&lon=-4.53249&layers=0B000000TTT Map showing gardens that pre-date existing Caldwell House with topographic indications of probable 4 location. Location of water course to immediate west of gardens obliterated (i.e. explained) by later topographic changes associated with introduction of road to south of later Adam Caldwell House. Location of escarpments/slopes to north east of gardens place location in area in front of (to north of) existing Caldwell House. The enclosed area shown on the map is consistent with the site of the now defunct walled garden to the west of Ram's Head. Evidence of a wall base and associated building remain. Main avenue of trees on east edge of Roy garden shown on later Ordnance Survey maps and some trees (Lime) remain. Line extends from area to immediate east of Caldwell House to quarry in field south of Ram's Head. The Roy map does not show the principal house of the estate. Charles Ross – A Map of the County of Renfrew, 1754 Reproduced by kind permission of East Renfrewshire Council Archives Contains a rare showing of the mansion that preceded the Adam mansion and the major routes through the county at the time. 5 John Ainslie - Map of the County of Renfrew, 1796 http://maps.nls.uk/view/74400319#zoom=6&lat=4875&lon=2022&layers=BT Ainslie’s map shows original road through estate along with possible detail of lake adjacent to location for existing ice house. Also original water course shown prior to later road alterations, thus supporting location of gardens shown in Roy's map. Although no clear physical evidence has been found, cartographic comparison studies indicate the formal garden of the Roy map extended to the area to the south-west of the Adam mansion – as indicated by the remains of the avenues shown on Ainslie’s map. The map also gives the first indication of ‘Fort William’ in fields behind the road through nearby Uplawmoor, possibly associated with William Mure's position of Colonel of the Renfrewshire Militia. Early census records for Neilston Parish include reference to a Fort William Inn. Ordnance Survey Maps The site suffers from being at the junction of four maps of the First Edition Surveys, partly caused by the boundary between Renfrewshire and Ayrshire passing through the middle of the estate. As both the 25 inch and 6 inch First Edition Surveys were undertaken in 1856, a single set of notes summarise the collective findings. Within the walled garden areas of Ramshead it is the 6 inch map that provides more detail including planting arrangements, which differ from the detail of the 25 inch maps. 6 Ordnance Survey First Edition Six inch to One mile Ayrshire Sheets VIII & IX Surveyed 1856 Published 1858 http://maps.nls.uk/view/74425796#zoom=5&lat=7312&lon=14824&layers=BT http://maps.nls.uk/view/74425797#zoom=5&lat=7224&lon=1712&layers=BT Ordnance Survey First Edition Six Inch to One Mile Renfrewshire Sheet XV Surveyed 1857 Published 1863 http://maps.nls.uk/view/74428242#zoom=5&lat=4496&lon=12684&layers=BT 7 Ordnance Survey First Edition 25 inch to One mile Ayrshire Sheet IX.5 with inset IX.1 (Beith) Surveyed 1856 Published 1858 http://maps.nls.uk/view/74951642#zoom=3&lat=9816&lon=2968&layers=BT 8 Ordnance Survey First Edition 25 inch to One mile Ayrshire Sheet VIII.8 (Beith) Surveyed 1856 Published 1858 http://maps.nls.uk/view/74951621#zoom=3&lat=9784&lon=14531&layers=BT Ordnance Survey First Edition 25 inch to One mile Renfrewshire Sheet XV.11 (Neilston) Surveyed 1857 Published 1863 http://maps.nls.uk/view/74965971#zoom=3&lat=7728&lon=21187&layers=BT Ordnance Survey First Edition 25 inch to One mile Renfrewshire Sheet XV.12 with extension XV.16 (Neilston) Surveyed 1857 Published 1863 http://maps.nls.uk/view/74965974#zoom=3&lat=10210&lon=10636&layers=BT The now defunct walled garden to the west of Ram's Head is clearly shown with a layout of an approximate square divided into four equal sections (25 inch). There is a building or other structure shown on the north wall and some remains are still evident. It is this garden that is consistent with the walled area shown on Roy's map. Other features that relate to Roy's map include the avenue of trees shown running from the quarry to the area to the east of the existing Caldwell House. There are other tree alignments shown that could also be the remains of the gardens shown on the Roy map. Initial ground survey work indicates that the avenue was of Lime trees. The First Edition Ordnance Survey maps provide the earliest indication of the various paths, fencing and features that are associated with a typical 19th century estate development. They also show the 9 estate before changes to the approach to Caldwell House from the east and before the construction of the tennis court to the north of the house. Various evidence remains. Most of the paths are still traceable as is a significant amount of iron railing fencing. There are the remains of an ice house alongside the site of the former lake.
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