Lecture 6 – Euteleostei “Modern” Fishes
Lecture 6 – Euteleostei “Modern” Fishes
- Most advanced group of teleosts - ~ 200 mybp - 20,220 spp or ~60% of all fishes
• Euteleostei
• “Others”
• Acanthopterygii Modern Fishes
Division Subdivision Superorder
Teleostei Osteoglossomorpha Elopomorpha Ostarioclupeomorpha Clupeomorpha Ostaryophysi Euteleostei Protacanthopterygii “Others” Paracanthopterygii Acanthopterygii Subdivision Euteleostei Synapomorphy: Retractor dorsalis – RAB • muscle connects upper pharyngeal jaws to vertebral column • hinged jaw teeth capable of posterior depression The latest classifications (2013) Superorder Protacanthopterygii Osmeriformes (argentines, spookfishes, smelts, salamanderfishes) Superorder Protacanthopterygii
Salmoniformes (Salmon, Trout, Grayling)
Esociformes (pikes) “Others” Major orders include:
• Ateleopodiformes
• Polymixiiformes “Others” Stomiiformes Ateleopodiformes Aulopiformes Lizardfish
Hatchetfish jellynose hatchetfish
Myctophiformes Lampriformes Polymixiiformes
Lanternfish Beardfishes Opah CIMI - Toyon Bay – 10-13-2013 Superorder Paracanthopterygii
Major orders include:
• Batrachoidiformes
• Lophiiformes Superorder Paracanthopterygii
Percopsiformes Gadiformes Ophidiiformes Cod
Pirate perch -anus by head Lophiiformes Batrachoidiformes
Anglerfish, Frogfish mate
Midshipman Superorder Acanthopterygii
Series Order
Mugilomorpha Mugiliformes
Atherinomorpha Atheriniformes Beloniformes Cyprinodontiformes
Percomorpha 9 orders including Perciformes Acanthopterygii • Most modern fishes belong to this single advanced superorder
• Taxonomic work on most groups is ongoing and often unsettled
• Dominate shallow, productive habitats of marine and many freshwater environments • not very well represented in the deep Mugilomorpha
Mugiliformes (grey mullets) Atherinomorpha – surface champs Melanotaenia spp. Atheriniformes
Menidia menidia Cyprinodontiformes Beloniformes Exocoetus Anableps Out of the frying pan…. and into the fire
Beloniformes Percomorpha
The most advanced Euteleostan clade
• diverse and varied
• mostly marine
• >13,000 spp. or ~39% of all fishes Percomorpha Stephanoberyciformes Beryciformes soldierfishes
pricklefishes Beryciformes
squirrelfishes
- most shallow orange roughy Percomorpha Zeiformes Gasterosteiformes
John Dory Syngnathiformes
Synbranchiformes Percomorpha Scorpaeniformes Cottids
Scorpaenids Hexagrammids
Agonids Percomorpha Perciformes Perciformes
• currently 11,207 spp. in 164 families • ~ 1/3 of all fishes • largest vertebrate order
• six of the eight largest families are predominantly coral reef fishes Percomorpha - Pleuronectiformes
Begin life as billaterally symmetrical Percomorpha - Tetraodontiformes Pinnacle of teleostean evolution • lineage with most derived traits • reduced genome size Coral reef fishes past and present Major groups of extant fishes Amazon River & coral reefs hold 70% of all fishes… Near et al. 2013