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Out of the Shadows: EXPERIENCES of CONTRACT ACADEMIC STAFF • 2 •

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Out of the Shadows: EXPERIENCES of CONTRACT ACADEMIC STAFF • 2 • • 1 • September 2018 Out of the Shadows: EXPERIENCES OF CONTRACT ACADEMIC STAFF • 2 • AUTHORS: Karen Foster and Louise Birdsell Bauer Karen Foster is Associate Professor in the Department of Louise Birdsell Bauer is CAUT’s Research Officer. Louise Sociology and Social Anthropology at Dalhousie University. has been researching contract academic staff (CAS) in For over a decade she has studied people’s relationships to Canadian universities since 2008, and has been an active work and economy, focusing on such issues as precarious union organizer. She recently defended her PhD thesis employment, generational differences and relations in entitled “Precarious Professionals: Non-Tenure-Track Faculty paid work, rural economic development, young people on in Southern Ontario Universities” in Sociology at the social assistance, the discourse of ‘productivity’ in Canadian University of Toronto. Drawing on interviews, archival governance and everyday life, and the work ethic. Her work research and ethnographic data, Louise uncovers the ways has been published in three books, numerous magazine in which short-term employment contracts and working articles, and many scholarly articles in such journals as Work, conditions impact academic professionals’ livelihoods, Employment and Society and the British Journal of Sociology. professional development and integration. Her work She currently holds the Canada Research Chair in Sustain- has been published in such journals as Labor Studies able Rural Futures for Atlantic Canada. Journal, the Canadian Review of Sociology and Work, Employment & Society. • 3 • Table of Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................................................4 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................................6 Background ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Survey Methodology .................................................................................................................................................................10 Limitations .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................10 Analysis ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................11 Findings ........................................................................................................................................................................................12 Who completed the survey? ................................................................................................................................................................................................................12 Academic Employment .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................14 Stepping Stone or Career? .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................18 Workload, Working Conditions, and Scholarly Activities ...................................................................................................................................................19 Workload ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................19 Research and other Scholarly Activities ..............................................................................................................................................................................20 Access to resources ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................22 Key issues ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................23 Responses to Insecurity ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................25 Pay and Benefits ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................26 Health and Dental Benefits .........................................................................................................................................................................................................28 Work Aspirations and Outcomes ......................................................................................................................................................................................................28 Academic Careers .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................28 Strategizing Through and Against Precarity .....................................................................................................................................................................30 Intrinsic Rewards ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................30 Being the Invisible Academic...............................................................................................................................................................................................................31 Belonging and Exclusion ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................33 Shame and humiliation .................................................................................................................................................................................................................34 CAS Self-Identity ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................35 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................36 References.....................................................................................................................................................................................38 Appendix A – Likert Scale Questions .......................................................................................................................................40 Appendix B – Survey Questionnaire ........................................................................................................................................40 Appendix C – List of institutions represented .......................................................................................................................42 • 4 • EXECUTIVE SUMMARY An increasing number of academic staff at universities and colleges in Canada are working in non-standard employment – working part-time, or on temporary and short-term contracts. An increasing number of academic staff at universities and their mental health. We also asked whether these and colleges in Canada are working in non-standard academics felt that their PSE institutions were model employment – working part-time, or on temporary and employers and supported good jobs. short-term contracts. The narrative around these gig or short-term contracts in post-secondary education (PSE) The overall findings, from 2606 respondents, paint a negative is that they serve both the institutions and the workers picture of highly qualified and committed academics who well. Like assumptions about Uber drivers, the story goes are underpaid, overworked, and under-resourced, and who that contract academic staff (CAS) are just picking up
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