Section Y: Politics and Government

Jean Louis Roy,l McGill University

The data in the tables of Section Y fall into two major divisions. Series Yl-296 concern the federal scene, series Y297-387 the 10 provincial scenes. Within the first major division, series Yl-40 contain data on executive and legislative posts and occupants; series Y41-210 on elections and parliamentary sessions; series Y211-263 on employees and representation abroad; and series Y264-296 on disallowance of provincial acts, reservation of provincial bills and on federal Royal Commissions. Within the second division, series Y297-801 present provincial data on Lieutenant-Governors and premiers; series Y302-387 the results of provincial elections.

The statistics of this section are obtained in a way that places them in two major categories: those for which there are official records, such as the data for the monarchy, for the Governor General and provincial Lieutenant-Governors, for parliamentary terms and for elections; and those for which only unofficial records exist, including all those involving election results by political parties, and political affiliation of ministers, electoral candidates and elected members of legislatures. This distinction arises from the nature of governmental and electoral processes.

Official data become available in several ways. First, official acts of the Government of Canada are published in the Canada Gazette, an official publication existing specifically for this purpose, and official acts of provinces are published in similar provincial publications. Thus notices of accession of Monarchs, of appointments of Governors General and Lieutenant-Governors, of establishment of portfolios or like posts and of the appointment of occupants, of the establishment of Royal Commissions and of the appointment of the commissioners, and of proclamation of elections and dissolution of parliament are published officially. Secondly, for the federal government, the Debates of the House of Commons (Hansard) and other parliamentary documents are published. Some provinces also publish the debates of their legislatures but the practice is not general and where followed is in most cases of recent origin. Thirdly, chief electoral officers of the federal government and of provincial governments publish results of elections giving numbers on electoral lists, votes polled by each candidate, spoiled ballots and the like. Finally, government departmental records are the sources of data such as the numbers of employees.

Unofficial data must be relied upon for those statistics which, for one reason or another, governments do not obtain or prepare. Except rarely, the political affiliation of candidates for election are not placed on ballots; the voter is presumed to vote for individuals. Consequently the results of voting by parties must be prepared by private individuals or bodies from information collected in various ways about party affiliation of the candidates who have been officially listed. Similarly, the designation of political affiliation of members of elected bodies, of ministries and the individual members thereof, is not given officially though it is fairly easy to obtain in most cases from the official or unofficial records of actions of legislating bodies. It nevertheless remains that the exercise of personal and private judgment plays some part in the listing of matters of party affiliation. An exception to the above is the fact that beginning with the election of 1945 for the federal Parliament, a document was sent to those members of the armed forces voting under, the provisions of the election act giving the party affiliation of each candidate as designated by the candidate himself. Some provincial governments in more recent periods also have given party affiliation on the ballot. Even in these cases problems may arise as more than one person in an electoral district may designate himself as a candidate for a given political party.

The reliability of the data, both official and unofficial, may vary depending on the process by which they are made known. Data obtained from official acts of governments are quite reliable. Official election results are also reliable though there is room for error. The counting of ballots is ordinarily done at each poll. Unless a recount is necessary there is no further counting. The results are sent from the polls to returning officers for electoral districts, and from returning officers to the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada or the provinces. Sources of error lie in the counting at polls, in the transmission of information from one person to another and in their final publication. The errors are apt to be small and may, to some extent, offset one another. The remaining official data, on employees in the Public Service of Canada, discussed more fully below, are subject to a lesser degree of accuracy owing to problems of classification of personnel, the dates at which a count is taken, and the inadequacy of departmental records in earlier years.

The unofficial data vary in accuracy depending on the nature of the material and the care exercised in handling it. In earlier years, when party affiliations were loose in any event, there is considerable room for error and even more recently the element of judgment involved in designating party affiliation allows some inaccuracies. Further, the assembly of electoral district data to obtain provincial and national aggregates requires careful handling. Owing to these factors, varying unofficial sources sometimes are in conflict. In such cases, that source which is believed to have the greatest accuracy is used.

The following list of sources used in assembling the data includes both official and unofficial publications. Official publications may give data coming from unofficial sources and unofficial publications may give data from official sources.

Government publications

Statistics Canada, Canada Year Book, (Catalogue 11-202), annual since 1905, various years, (Ottawa, Supply and Services Canada); Public Archives of Canada, Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation July 1, 1867 - April 1, 1973, (Ottawa, Supply and Services Canada, 1974); Dominion Bureau of Statistics, Statement of Civil Service Personnel and Salaries in the Month of January, 1912-1924, (Ottawa, King's Printer, 1925); Parliament of Canada, Civil Service Employees: Number, Total Salaries and Bonus, (Ottawa, King's Printer, 1923); Civil Service Commission, Personnel Administration in the Public Service, A Review of Civil Service Legislation, (Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1959); G.V. LaForest, Department of Justice, Disallowances and Reservations of Provincial Legislation, (Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1955); Debates of the House of Commons, (Ottawa, Queen's Printer), various years; Journals of the House of Commons of Canada, (Ottawa, Supply and Services Canada), various years; Chief Electoral Officer, Report of the Chief Electoral Officer, various years; A Statistical History of all the Electoral Districts of the Province of Ontario, (Toronto, undated); Province of Quebec, Bureau of Statistics, Annuaire du Québec, (Quebec, Queen's Printer), annual since 1913; Province of Saskatchewan, Who's Who; Great Britain, The Public General Acts and Church Assembly Measure, 1960, (London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1961).

Non-government publications

J.M. Beck, The Government of Nova Scotia, (Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1957); George Henderson, Federal Royal Commissions in Canada 1867-1966, a Checklist, (Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1967); H. McD. Clokie, "Basic Problems of the Canadian Constitution", Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, vol. 8, no. 2, February 1942; R. Ares, Dossier sur le pact fédératif de 1867, (Montréal, Bellarmin, 1967); Canadian Parliamentary Companion, annual 1862 to 1897 (various editors and published at various places); Copp Clark Publishing, Canadian Almanac and Directory (Vancouver, Calgary, Toronto, Montreal), various years; R. MacGregor Dawson, The Government of Canada, 3rd edition (Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1957); James G. Foley, Resume of General Elections, 1896-1911; Canadian Annual Review, beginning in 1960, (Toronto, University of Toronto Press); Paul Gérin-Lajoie, Constitutional Amendment in Canada, (Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1950); J.E. Hodgetts, Royal Commissions of Inquiry in Canada, (University of Toronto, M.A. thesis, 1939); Cole Taylor, The Canadian Bureaucracy: a study of Canadian civil servants and other public employees, 1939-1947 Duke University Press, 1949; Pierre G. Normandin, editor, Canadian Parliamentary Guide, annual since 1898, apparently a successor of the Canadian Parliamentary Companion, (Ottawa); John Saywell, The Office of Lieutenant-Governor, (Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1957); H.G. Skilling, Canadian Representation Abroad, from Agency to Embassy, (Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1945); Norman Ward, The Canadian House of Commons: Representation, (Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1950).

Important sources of information, which contain much material included in the above sources, are the federal and provincial sessional papers.

The British North America Act (BNA Act) 1867 and its Amendments are the main formal foundation of government in Canada. They are not complete statements, however, of even the formal part of the constitution. Other statutes of the United Kingdom, such as the Statute of Westminster 1931, statutes of the Parliament of Canada on such matters as the houses of Parliament themselves, on election procedures and the like, and statutes of provincial governments on matters such as their own electoral and legislative forms are examples of the more formal part of the constitutional structure. In addition the informal part of the constitution is very important. The system of Cabinet government, responsible to Parliament and particularly the House of Commons as developed in the United Kingdom, has been adopted in Canada; and other usages have also been adopted from the British Parliament. The increasing numbers of conventions that have developed within the Parliament of Canada itself and within the provincial legislative bodies are also important parts of the constitution. (See the Canada Year Book, 1957-58, pp. 39-41, for the short but good statement on which this paragraph is based.)

The Federal Government, Executive and Legislative Posts and Occupants (Series Y1-40)

Y1-2. The monarchy, 1867 to 1978

SOURCE: Canada Year Book, 1976-77, p. 85.

Y3-5. Governors General, 1867 to 1978

SOURCE: Canada Year Book, 1976-77, p. 85.

The Governor General of Canada is now appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister of Canada. Before 1890 the Governor General was appointed by the Monarch on the advice of British authorities alone, but thereafter the Government of Canada was usually (though not always) consulted. The present practice dates from the Imperial Conference of 1926 which agreed that a Governor General was not the representative or agent of the British government but of the Monarch. Until 1952, when a Canadian was first appointed Governor General of Canada, the incumbent was invariably a person of title from the United Kingdom. The term of appointment of the Governor General is not fixed, though six years is considered normal. No Governor General of Canada has been removed from office, though undoubtedly the government could advise the Monarch to remove her representative. The Governor General has two deputies (both are justices of the Supreme Court of Canada) who are empowered to act in his absence and in the event of a vacancy in the office the BNA Act recognizes an administrator who can carry on in the name of the Queen.

Y6-16. Canadian ministries, dates, numbers of portfolios, turnover of personnel, and party affiliation, 1867 to 1976

SOURCE: Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation, July 1, 1867 - January 1, 1957, Canada Year Book, 1976-77, pp. 89-90; Canadian Parliamentary Guide, various issues.

The Canadian ministry at any one time consists of all those sworn to act as the Monarch's confidential advisers on affairs of state. The great majority of the ministers serve as heads of departments of government (for example, the Minister of Agriculture is said to hold the Agriculture portfolio), but it is common for the ministry to include one or more 'ministers without portfolio', who have the same responsibilities as any other minister except those of a department head. Usually in Canada the ministry and the Cabinet consist of the same people, but before 1926 it was customary for the incumbents of a few junior portfolios to be outside the Cabinet. The parliamentary secretaries (members of Parliament assigned to assist ministers) are not officially recognized as members of the ministry, although after some initial experimentation during World War I they have been accepted as a permanent part of governmental machinery. The term of a ministry is not fixed, but coincides with the term of a prime minister, who serves as long as he has the confidence of a majority of the members of the House of Commons, and thus may continue through several general elections. During the life of one ministry, a single portfolio may be held in succession by several individuals, while a single individual may in succession hold several portfolios. It is not uncommon for a portfolio to be temporarily vacant, during which period an acting minister will serve, or for one individual to hold two portfolios coincidentally. Ordinarily all members of the Cabinet must have, or obtain, a seat in the House of Commons, except for the government leader in the Senate.

The following qualifications and definitions apply to series Y6-16.

Y7. Dates of ministry are opening and closing dates of the prime minister's term in office.

Y8. Party gives the affiliations of prime minister and cabinet members.

Y9. Number of portfolios gives the total number of separate portfolios in existence during the ministry (excludes the position of prime minister).

Y10. Number of occupants gives the total number of persons holding portfolios in series Y9, including acting ministers and the prime minister, if he held a portfolio.

Y11. Ministers without portfolio, number of posts, gives the maximum number of such posts in existence, at any one time in the ministry.

Y12. Ministers without portfolio, number of occupants, gives the total number of persons holding posts of series Y11 at any time in the ministry.

Y13. Non-cabinet posts are the total number of ministerial posts whose incumbents were not members of the Cabinet.

Y14. Number of occupants of non-cabinet ministers posts is the total number occupying such posts, at any time.

Y15. Parliamentary secretaries' posts (the term was first used in Borden's ministry of 1917-20) are non-cabinet posts held by Members of Parliament, and identified by the term. The figures give the maximum number of posts at any one time in the term of the ministry.

Y16. Number of occupants of parliamentary secretaries' posts gives the total number of persons holding such posts at any time in the ministry's life.

Y17-29. Growth of representation in the House of Commons and redistribution (general and partial), by province, 1867 to 1974

SOURCE: Canada Year Book, 1976-77, p. 97; Ward, The Canadian House of Commons, p. 56.

Representation in the Canadian House of Commons is based on the single-member constituency system (with two exceptions, each having two members) adapted to recognize the federal principle. Seats in the House of Commons were divided among the provinces after each decennial census, in accordance with a formula described in the BNA Act. At present, the House of Commons has a total of 264 seats divided among the provinces, primarily on a basis proportionate to population. No province can have fewer members of Parliament in the House of Commons than it has senators. The allocation of seats among the provinces is prescribed by law, but the actual drawing of constituency boundaries within each province, from 1903 to 1962, was effected by legislation prepared by a committee of the House of Commons; prior to that, constituencies were created by legislation sponsored by the Cabinet. Since 1963, changes in representation are governed by the Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act which is administered by the Office of the Representation Commissioner. The revised representation, which was given Royal Assent in December 1974, will go into effect in the General Election of 1979. Each province will have the following number of members: Ontario, 95; Quebec, 75; Nova Scotia, 11; New Brunswick, 10; Manitoba, 14; British Columbia, 28; Prince Edward Island, four; Saskatchewan, 14; Alberta, 21; Newfoundland, seven; the Northwest Territories, two; the Yukon Territory, one; for a total of 282.

Series Y17-29 show general redistributions (1872, 1882, 1892, 1903, 1914, 1924, 1933, 1947, 1952, 1968, 1974); partial redistributions occasioned by the admission of one or more new provinces (1871, 1873, 1887, 1907, 1949); or a constitutional amendment (1915).

Y25-26. Saskatchewan and Alberta, for the period prior to their creation in 1905, show the representation of the Northwest Territories from which they were formed.

Y28. The Yukon Territory was the only territory represented in the House of Commons after 1905, until the creation of the constituency of Mackenzie River in 1952. Since then, each territory has had one representative in the House of Commons. Y30-40. Growth of representation in the Senate of Canada, 1867 to 1975

SOURCE: Canada Year Book, 1976-77, p. 152; supplemented by information in Journals of the House of Commons, various issues.

Representation in the Senate of Canada, as prescribed by the BNA Act, was originally intended to give equal representation of 24 senators each to the three main regions of Canada: the Maritimes, Quebec and Ontario, 72 in all. As the four western provinces developed, the same regional equality was ultimately extended to them by a constitutional amendment in 1915 and total Senate representation reached 96. The admission of Newfoundland in 1949 marred the symmetry of representation in the Senate but it had been agreed in 1915 that, in the event of Newfoundland's admission to Canada, the province was to be given the same number of seats as each of the last four provinces that were brought up to the basic principle of equality. As a result, the number of senators reached 102 in 1949. In 1975, an act of Parliament amended the Canadian Constitution to entitle the Yukon Territory and the Northwest Territories to be represented by one senator each. Total membership in the Senate is now 104.

The Federal Government, Elections and Parliamentary Sessions (Series Y41-210)

Y41-50. Dates of general elections and sessions of federal parliaments, 1867 to 1974

SOURCE: Canada Year Book, 1976-77, p. 151; supplemented by information in Journals of the House of Commons, various issues.

The Parliament of Canada has no fixed term. The BNA Act sets a maximum life of five years to a Parliament, the time beginning from the day on which the writs certifying each member's election are returned. In 1916 the life of the 12th Parliament was extended one year by constitutional amendment. Within the five years prescribed by law, the actual choice of the date of a dissolution, a general election, and an opening and closing (or prorogation) of each parliamentary session, are within the discretion of the government, which formally advises the Governor General to make the appropriate announcement. A dissolution terminates the life of a Parliament, and is shortly followed by an election.

Y45. Days of session include some adjustments to source data to adjust for the fact that, for an unexplained reason, the official sources deduct numerous adjourned days, commonly in long sessions, from the length of the session. Where they can be detected, these omitted days have been added in obtaining series Y45.

Y46. Sitting days are not available before 1936 but could be computed from the Journals of the House of Commons for each year. There are minor discrepancies in the sources. For example, the Canada Year Book, 1945, p. 53, gives the length of the 18th Parliament as 4 years, 3 months, 13 days; the Journals of the House of Commons, 1951, p. 61, gives it as 4 years, 2 months, 16 days.

Y51-74. General elections, number of electors on lists and votes polled, by province and election, 1896 to 1974

SOURCE: Canada Year Book, various issues; Foley, Resume of General Elections, 1896-1911. No official compilations of numbers of electors on lists exists before 1911; the detailed reports of general elections, constituency by constituency, appear in the Sessional Papers following each general election, 1867 to 1908. The statistics compiled by Foley were accumulated by him while he was Clerk of the Crown in Chancery and thus are virtually official. For changes in the franchise see Ward, The Canadian House of Commons.

Lists of electors in Canada are compiled for each general election, by house to house enumeration; an urban elector must be on a list in order to vote, but rural electors can be sworn in on polling day. Since 1920, the franchise has been determined by the Parliament of Canada, but for two periods, 1867 to 1885 and 1898 to 1920, provincial franchises were used in federal elections; during most of these periods, provincial polling lists were also used. The columns entitled 'Polled' indicate the numbers of electors who cast ballots and include wasted ballots, which are now a negligible factor in elections.

Series Y55-58 from 1896 to 1965, and series Y59-60 and Y63-64 from 1896 to 1930, are skewed by the existence of two-member constituencies. In each instance each elector had two votes, but was counted only once as an elector; thus in Prince Edward Island in 1965, for instance, 24,250 electors cast 44,895 votes in one constituency. See Canada Year Book, various issues, and also for slight skewing of results caused by occasional acclamations. Series Y73-74 include the electoral districts of the Yukon Territory and Mackenzie River, 1953 to 1958; the Yukon Territory alone, 1908 to 1949; and the Northwest Territories alone, 1896 to 1900. (Alberta and Saskatchewan were formed from the Northwest Territories in 1905.)

Female suffrage in federal elections began on a partial basis in 1917, when female relatives of members of the armed forces voted, and was general for the election of 1921.

Y75-198. Votes polled in federal elections, by party and province, 1896 to 1974

SOURCE: Foley, Resume of General Elections, 1896-1911; Canadian Annual Review, 1917, p. 643; 1921, p. 509; 1925-6, p. 45; Chief Electoral Officer of Canada. The series for 1926 to 1940 were compiled by The Canadian Press and thereafter by the Chief Electoral Officer, who was required after 1944 to ascertain party affiliations for the convenience of electors in the armed forces. Compilations of election results by parties are at best semi-official. The actual votes polled by individual candidates in each constituency are initially counted by the deputy returning officers in each polling division and reported to the constituency returning officer, who in turn reports to the Chief Electoral Officer. The party affiliations of candidates do not appear on the ballots or other official papers, except those used by members of the armed forces. The series for each general election show, in the left-hand column, the party polling the most votes but not necessarily (as in 1926 and 1957) winning the election.

Y80. 'Others' refers more often to independents from Quebec than to any other group of candidates. A multiplicity of parties began to appear after the general election of 1917, however, and the 'Others' columns altogether include votes polled by over twenty separate groups, all of which are identified in the compilations made by the Chief Electoral Officer after 1944, and The Canadian Press, 1926 to 1940.

Y199-210. Members elected in federal elections, by party and province, 1867 to 1974

SOURCE: Canadian Parliamentary Companion; Canadian Parliamentary Guide; Canadian Annual Review; Canadian Almanac and Directory; all throughout their years of publication.

The series depend primarily on newspaper compilations of election results, and each Member of Parliament's own statement of his party affiliation as listed in biographical works such as the Canadian Parliamentary Guide.

No official statistics on election results by parties are kept and there is room for disagreement over the classification of particular Members of Parliament, especially for the earlier years. There are discrepancies in the sources and the table has been corrected where possible by other evidence. Each general election result lists the winning party first.

The Liberal party has been popularly called by that name since shortly after Confederation; for earlier years, members frequently identified themselves as 'Reform' or 'Grit'. The party now called Progressive Conservative has changed its name several times: Progressive Conservative 1945 to date; National Government in 1940; Conservative and Liberal Conservative before 1935, except for 1917, when most Conservative candidates (and many Liberals) ran as Unionists. These various changes in name are not all shown in the series.

The Federal Government, Employees and Representation Abroad (Series Y211-263)

Y211-259. Federal government employment, by department, branch and service, 1900 to 1977

SOURCE: for 1968 to 1977, Statistics Canada, Federal Government Employment, (Catalogue 72-004) from 1968 to 1977; for 1924 to 1967, Statistics Canada, Canada Year Book, (Catalogue 11-202), various years; for 1912 to 1924, Statistics Canada, Statement of Civil Personnel and Salaries in the Month of January, 1912-1924; for 1900 to 1915, Parliamentary Returns, Civil Service Employees.

A continuously reliable series of statistics on government employees classified by department or agency does not exist. Changes in the names and internal organizations of departments; the transfer of branches from one department to another; changes in the ways in which civil servants are classified as permanent, casual, and temporary, and in records concerning them; all make a single consistent set of series impossible. Therefore, the statistics in this series must be used with great caution. A statement of the limitations on statistics from the Canada Year Book can be obtained from Statistics Canada. In order to enable the user to judge on the consistency of the series in the three sources, overlaps of the data are given for 1924 and for 1912 to 1915. The report on Civil Service Employees actually gave data running from 1900 to 1922.

For the years 1924 to 1958, the Canada Year Book gives tables for government employment under different headings for different years. The figures in the tables are subject to the qualifications and reservations given in the relevant years of the Canada Year Book, in addition to those given in these notes. The series from 1925 to 1952 was originally intended to list only employees covered by the Civil Service Act, but Statistics Canada is the authority for the statement that there was considerable diversity among departments in reporting on their employees, so that some lists do not include all civil servants covered by the act while others include employees not covered by the act. A new series (explained in the Canada Year Book, 1954, p. 98) was begun after 1954.

For 1912 to 1924, inclusive, the Statement of Civil Service Personnel and Salaries in the Month of January, 1912-1924, is now a scarce document. This second source is generally not comparable with the first, for it was compiled on a different basis than the tables in the Canada Year Book after 1924.

The source for figures prior to 1915, Civil Service Employees, printed by order of Parliament in 1923, is also a scarce document. Here a very different basis for these statistics was used, and the figures before 1915 from this source are generally not comparable with those for later years from the other sources. Each of the three sources employs a different time period as the basis of selection.

Further information on sizes of staffs from 1878 to 1900 (not given here because no complete figures could be compiled) can be found in the Reports of the Auditor General of Canada after 1878, and in the Civil Lists published annually from 1867. All statistics in this table, according to the sources, show the total number of employees (permanent and temporary, casual and other, and inside and outside service which includes staff at Ottawa and elsewhere) who can properly be regarded from the records as members of the staff of the departments and services named. Admittedly this compilation of totals can be misleading, especially for departments employing large numbers of casual workers. Further, it seems apparent from a comparison of the two sets of overlapping data for the years 1912 to 1915 that the figures given in Civil Service Employees must have omitted at least substantial numbers of outside employees for certain departments such as the post office (series Y241), transport (series Y255) and others. In some instances the detailed notes in the last-mentioned source state that the figures are only for the inside service. The Canada Year Book, for the series for 1953 to 1955 and 1956 to 1958, breaks down totals into subtotals. The table does not list separately most temporary departments and branches such as Registrar General, Industry, Resources and Development, Mines and Resources, Reconstruction and Supply, and Munitions and Supply. Nor does it list Soldiers' Settlement Board (1918 to 1948, when its activities were absorbed into Veterans Affairs) and Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment (1918 to 1927), statistics of which can be found in all three sources given above. Where possible, temporary departments are tabulated with the newer departments into which they subsequently developed, and such tabulations are explained below. Other departments and services which were absorbed into new or reorganized departments are referred to below.

The series do not include the significant numbers of staff members (now around 130,000) employed by the non-departmental Crown corporations and other public enterprises. Tables of employment in these institutions, showing totals only for 22 enterprises, appeared first in the Canada Year Book, 1955, p. 112, and were published in the same source until 1972. Since then the data appears in Federal Government Employment. Detailed figures by enterprises can be calculated from the annual reports of most of the separate enterprises and from evidence which some of them have given to committees of the House of Commons.

In the following detailed notes for each series, the dates given for the establishment of departments are taken from the first annual report of the department itself.

Y211. 'Total', this is the grand total of series Y212-259. The totals for 1933 to 1936 given in the Canada Year Book have been adjusted to exclude employees of the Canadian Broadcasting Commission since they disappear from the figures from 1937 onward when the commission became a corporation and employees were no longer a part of the civil service. Similarly, employees of the National Capital Commission (and its predecessor, the Federal District Commission) have been removed from the total and from series Y242, Privy Council, for 1953 to 1955, since as far as could be determined they were not included before 1953 and again after 1955 when they are reported with Crown corporations. The totals for 1912 to 1924 from Civil Service Personnel in the Month of January, as given in the source, are the sums of the figures in series Y212-259.

For 1956 to 1959 the total combines the categories of 'Classified Prevailing Rate' and 'Casuals and Others' as given in the Canada Year Book; for 1953 to 1955 the totals, as adjusted, combine 'Classified' and 'Exempt'.

Y212. Agriculture, created in 1867, for 1900 to 1915, it includes the total of permanent and other employees. From 1912 to 1922, figures include a small number of employees from the Conservation Commission.

Y213. Auditor General's Office, created in 1878, has performed the same general functions throughout its life.

Y214. Chief Electoral Officer, created in 1920, contains statistics for prior years referring to the relevant staff in the office of Secretary of State. The statistics are for Ottawa staff only.

Y215. Citizenship and Immigration, created in 1949, includes employees of services previously in other departments. Citizenship and Immigration combined the Administrative Branch, Canadian Citizenship Branch and Canadian Citizenship Registration Branch previously under Secretary of State (series Y250) and those for Immigration and Indian Affairs previously under Mines and Resources.

For the years 1900 to 1936 this series includes statistics for the Department of Immigration and Colonization created in 1917. From 1867 to 1892 immigration was handled by the Department of Agriculture and from 1892 to 1917 by the Department of the Interior. This series, 1900 to 1915, from Civil Service Employees includes employees in the inside service only. See also the note to series Y219.

In 1966, Immigration was transferred to Manpower and Immigration (series Y234).

Y216. Communications, created in 1969, includes employees previously in other departments or agencies such as the National Research Council (series Y238) and Transport (series Y255). Data on employment became available in 1970. See also the note to series Y241, Post Office.

Y217. Consumer and Corporate Affairs, created in 1967, incorporated the former Department of the Registrar General of Canada which existed as a separate department only from 1966 to 1967. Before that date, the Registrar General was included with the Secretary of State (series Y250).

Y218. Defence Production, created in 1951, includes statistics for Reconstruction and Supply (1945 to 1949) and Munitions and Supply (1940 to 1945). Munitions and Supply was not organized until after the fiscal year 1939-40, hence there are no data for 1940. Defence Production was transferred to Supply and Services (series Y253) in 1970. See also the note to series Y244 which explains the jump in employees which occurs in 1965. Y219. Energy, Mines and Resources was created in 1966. The department was known by various names throughout the period covered here. From 1907 to 1935, it was called Mines; from 1935 to 1949, Mines and Resources; and from 1949 to 1966, Mines and Technical Surveys. In 1936 the former departments of Immigration and Colonization, Indian Affairs, and Interior, were transferred to Mines and Resources. For the period prior to 1936 the last two departments are shown separately. The series for all departments from 1900 to 1915, from Civil Service Employees, show employees in the inside service only.

Y220. Environment, created in 1971, includes the former Department of Fisheries (series Y223); and Forestry (series Y224); as well as the Atmospheric Environment Service formerly with Transport (series Y255); Inland Waters, formerly with Energy, Mines and Resources (series Y219); Wildlife Service and Lands Service, formerly in Indian Affairs and Northern Development (series Y227).

Y221. External Affairs, created in 1909, included the staff of the Prime Minister's Office for the years prior to 1948. Since then, the latter has been included with the Privy Council. The Information Division of the department, created in 1947, integrated the former Canadian Information Service into the department. The employees of the Canadian Information Service for 1946-47 and its predecessor, the Wartime Information Board, 1943 to 1945, have been added to External Affairs. Data for the International Joint Commission has been included in External Affairs since 1912.

Y222. Finance, created in 1869, includes the staff of the Comptroller of the Treasury from 1934 to 1969; and, where necessary, the Government Contracts Supervision Commission, Wartime Prices and Trade Board and similar groups. The series includes civil servants in inside and outside services throughout.

Y223. Fisheries was created in 1930, from part of the former Department of Marine and Fisheries (see also the note on series Y255). In 1969, it was transferred to the new Department of Fisheries and Forestry and the data for Fisheries include Forestry (series Y224) for the years 1970 and 1971. Since 1972, the data for Fisheries are included with Environment (series Y220).

Y224. Forestry and Rural Development was created in 1960 from relevant branches of the departments of Agriculture, and Northern Affairs and National Resources. In 1969, the Forestry Branch of the department was merged with Fisheries (series Y223), and the data for 1970 and 1971 are included with Fisheries. Since 1972, the data are contained in Environment (series Y220).

Y225. Governor General and Lieutenant-Governors include figures for staff only, and exclude the Governor General or Lieutenant-Governors themselves; before 1953, the figures are for the Governor General's secretarial staff only.

Y226. Indian Affairs, created in 1880, disappears in 1936, when this department was transferred to Mines and Resources. This series for 1900 to 1915, from Civil Service Employees, includes employees in the inside service only. See also the note on series Y219. In 1949, Indian Affairs became part of Citizenship and Immigration (series Y215) and the data are included with that department from 1950 to 1966. Since 1967 the data appear under Indian Affairs and Northern Development (series Y227).

Y227. Indian Affairs and Northern Development was created in 1966, superseding the Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources. See also the note to series Y240.

Y228. Industry, Trade and Commerce was created in 1969 from the former departments of Industry and of Trade and Commerce. Industry had a short duration (from 1963 to 1969) and the data for those years are included with Trade and Commerce (series Y254).

Y229. Insurance, created in 1875 as a branch of Finance, is reported separately from Finance. It became a separate department of government in 1910.

Y230. Interior, created in 1873, disappears in 1936 when this department was transferred to Mines and Resources, later Mines and Technical Surveys and later still Energy, Mines and Resources. This series, for 1900 to 1915, from Civil Service Employees, gives employees in the inside service only. See also the note to series Y219.

Y231. Justice, created in 1868, includes the staff of the Commissioner of Penitentiaries and Solicitor General's office until 1966, when the new Department of the Solicitor General was formed (series Y251). From 1952 to 1956, approximately three hundred judges, then listed as salaried employees, were included in the data.

Y232. Labour, created in 1900, includes only full-time employees for 1900 to 1915, from Civil Service Employees, and thereafter as described in Canada Year Book for the various years.

Y233. Legislation, includes statistics for the House of Commons, Senate, and Library of Parliament; these three institutions are listed separately in the sources down to 1952, and together thereafter. The records of the House of Commons were destroyed by fire in 1916, and the series from 1912 to 1916 is for the Senate and Library only.

Y234. Manpower and Immigration was created in 1966, from the Immigration Branch of Citizenship and Immigration (series Y215) and certain components formerly included in Labour (series Y232). See also the note to series Y257.

Y235. National Defence, created in 1922, includes the former Department of Militia and Defence, the Naval Service and Air Board. The series shows permanent civilian employees only. From 1941 to 1947, the data include employees of National War Services. Y236. National Film Board, created in 1939, is given separately though the board has been attached in turn to several departments, and statistics of its employees have had an erratic history. The board was not organized for the fiscal year 1939-40; statistics of its employees for 1941 were included with Trade and Commerce, and for 1945 to 1947 with National Health and Welfare.

Y237. National Health and Welfare, created in 1944 from part of the former Department of Pensions and National Health also includes predecessor bodies. The Department of Pensions and National Health was formed in 1928 from the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment, which had been created in 1918; the Department of Health, created in 1919; the Board of Pension Commissioners, established in 1917; and the Federal Appeal Board, established in 1926. The Military Hospitals Commission, 1916 to 1918, had in turn been incorporated in Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment. From 1919 to 1928, by far the larger part of the combined employment was in Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment which had 8,121 employees in 1920, 3,823 employees in 1923 and 1,890 employees in 1928. In 1945, many employees of the department were transferred to the new Department of Veterans Affairs. See also the note to series Y236.

Y238. National Research Council, created in 1917, and whose first laboratories were established in Ottawa in 1928, was included in Trade and Commerce before 1934. The Atomic Energy Control Board, created in 1946 and a separate body, has been included here.

Y239. National Revenue, created in 1927, covers also the predecessor departments of Customs and Excise (1921 to 1927) and of Customs and Inland Revenue (1918 to 1921). Before 1918 customs and inland revenue acts were administered by separate departments and the statistics before 1918 combine the data from these departments. The series for 1900 to 1915, from Civil Service Employees, include both inside and outside service employees. The figures for 1924 and 1925 include the Commissioner of Income Taxation, listed separately in the Canada Year Book, 1925, p. 986. From 1917 to 1924 the data from Civil Service Personnel in the Month of January also include the Commissioner of Income Taxation.

Y240. Northern Affairs and National Resources was created in 1953 from the former Department of Resources and Development. Before 1950 it was part of Mines and Resources. See also the notes to series Y219, Y220 and Y227.

Y241. Post Office, created in 1867, gives data for personnel in the inside service only for the period 1900 to 1915, from Civil Service Employees. From 1970 to 1972, the data for Post Office were included in the new Department of Communications. Figures were extracted from annual reports for the Post Office and this amount subtracted from the total to provide data for Communications. See also the note to series Y216.

Y242. The Privy Council was created in 1867 and for administration purposes has been regarded as a department of government since 1946. The series does not include employees of the Wartime Information Board (1943-44); the Canadian Information Service (1944 to 1946); the Federal District Commission and the National Capital Commission (throughout their existence). In 1958, 21 employees of the Royal Commission on Price Spreads in Food Products and the Royal Commission on Energy Policies were included with Privy Council. Data for the Prime Minister's Office, included with External Affairs before 1948, has been included with Privy Council from 1948 to 1977. See also the notes to series Y211 and Y221.

Y243. Public Archives and National Library, created in 1872 and 1953 respectively, are combined in official sources after 1953. Before that date the series is for archives only, except for 1951 and 1952, when six and eight members of the staff of the Bibliographic Centre were included. Before 1913, the archives statistics were included with Agriculture.

Y244. Public Printing and Stationery, created in 1886, was attached to Secretary of State until 1963. In that year, all the printing functions were transferred to the Department of Defence Production and became known as the Canadian Government Printing Bureau. The decrease in employees did not show in employment data until 1965. Public Printing and Stationery ceased to exist when its small remaining staff was transferred to Supply and Services in 1970.

Y245. Public Service Commission, created in 1967, replaced the Civil Service Commission which had existed from 1908 to 1966. The statistics on employees relate to a consistent function throughout.

Y246. Public Works was created in 1867. From 1900 to 1915, the data from Civil Service Employees are for inside service only. The statistics on employees relate to a roughly consistent function throughout.

Y247. Regional Economic Expansion was created in 1969 from the Rural Development Branch of the former Department of Forestry and Rural Development (series Y224). Statistics first became available in 1970.

Y248. Royal Canadian Mounted Police, created in 1873 as the North-West Mounted Police, includes only the administrative staff prior to 1953. Since 1953, the force itself is included in the official sources.

Y249. Science and Technology was created in 1971 but separate statistics on employees did not become available until 1973.

Y250. Secretary of State, created in 1867, contains roughly comparable statistics throughout. For 1920 to 1927, the staff of Patents and Copyrights (formerly in Agriculture), listed separately in official sources, has been added; for 1940 and 1941, the staff of Superintendent of Bankruptcy, also given separately, has been added; and for 1950 to 1955, the staff of the Custodian of Enemy Property, again listed separately, has been added. From 1950 to 1966, Citizenship was included with Citizenship and Immigration (series Y215). Since 1967, Citizenship has reverted to Secretary of State.

Y251. Solicitor General became a separate department of government in 1966 and includes the Canadian Penitentiary Service. Prior to 1966 data were included with Justice (series Y231). Y252. Statistics Canada (formerly Dominion Bureau of Statistics) was created in 1918. Since 1967, data on employees have been available separately. Before that time the figures were included with Trade and Commerce (series Y254).

Y253. Supply and Services, created in 1969, includes the former Department of Defence Production (series Y218) and the Office of the Comptroller of the Treasury (formerly part of Finance, series Y222) as well as small segments of other departments.

Y254. Trade and Commerce, created in 1887, has rough comparability until 1966. Since 1967, data for Statistics Canada (series Y252) has been shown separately. The department was merged with Industry in 1969 to form the new Department of Industry, Trade and Commerce (series Y228). See also the notes to series Y236 and Y238.

Y255. Transport, created in 1936, covered various departments and agencies in earlier years. Transport was formed from the former departments of Marine and of Railways and Canals, and from the Civil Aviation Branch of National Defence.

For the years 1930 to 1936 the series include employees in the departments of Marine and of Railways and Canals and of the Board of Railway Commissioners. The Department of Marine had in turn been established in 1930, when the Department of Marine and Fisheries was separated into the departments of Marine and of Fisheries. Prior to 1930 the fisheries personnel are included in this series. See also the note to series Y223.

Y256. The Treasury Board, created in 1867, was an integral part of the Department of Finance (series Y222) until 1966 when it became a separate department of government. Since 1967, the data have been shown separately.

Y257. Unemployment Insurance Commission was created in 1940, and employee data are available since 1942. In 1977, the Unemployment Insurance Commission was merged with the Department of Manpower and Immigration (series Y234) to form Canada Employment and Immigration Commission. As the series in this table run only to 1977, no figures are provided for the new entity.

Y258. Urban Affairs was created in 1971 and data are available since 1972.

Y259. Veterans Affairs, created in 1944, includes for 1945 to 1948 the staff of the Soldier Settlement Board, and prior to 1945 consists exclusively of that staff. The series does not include the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment (1916 to 1927), which was merged into Pensions and National Health in 1928. See also the note to series Y237.

Y260-263. Representation of the Government of Canada abroad, 1867 to 1977

SOURCE: Statistics Canada, Canada Year Book, 1976-77, pp. 1095-1103; files of the Historical Division, Department of External Affairs. See also Skilling, Canadian Representation Abroad, from Agency to Embassy.

Prior to the Imperial Conference of 1926, Canada's sole formal representative abroad was the High Commissioner to the United Kingdom, an office created in 1880. Although Canada began to play an important role in the negotiation of commercial treaties with other countries early in its nationhood, the formal role of representatives of the British government, as co-signers of treaties, continued until World War I. In the negotiation of political treaties Canadian progress was slower and it was not until Dominion status was achieved in 1926 (and confirmed in the Statute of Westminster in 1931) that Canada and the other members of the Commonwealth assumed a role as fully independent nations in external affairs. Independence in internal affairs had been achieved much earlier. After 1926 Canadian representation abroad grew steadily, as is shown in series Y260-263. The status of representatives is hierarchical: high commissioner (in Commonwealth countries) and ambassador (in non-Commonwealth countries) rank highest; then come minister, chargé d'affaires, consul general and consul. Prior to World War II Canada had only six representatives ranked as ambassadors and four high commissioners to Commonwealth countries. This changed dramatically in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s as Canada established diplomatic relations with the new emerging nations.

The Federal Government Disallowances of Provincial Acts, Reservations of Provincial Bills and Federal Royal Commissions (Series Y264-296)

Y264-266. Formal amendments to the British North America Act, 1867 to 1975

SOURCE: no official list of amendments to the BNA Act, 1867, exists, but there is general agreement among authorities that the amendments to the act include more than just the statutes subsequent to 1867, also entitled BNA Act. The list in series Y264-266 is from a standard monograph, Gérin-Lajoie Constitutional Amendment in Canada; supplemented by data in Dawson, The Government of Canada; and Great Britain, The Public General Acts and Church Assembly Measure, 1960. There is disagreement, however, among authorities as to the number and classification of amendments to the BNA Act, 1867. For a list somewhat different from series Y264-266, see Clokie, "Basic Problems of the Canadian Constitution", in Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, vol. 8, no. 1, (February 1942), pp. 1-32. The formal citation of each statute refers to the year of the Monarch's reign (for example, 9 Elizabeth II is the ninth year of the reign of Elizabeth II). See also A Consolidation of the British North America Acts, 1867 to 1975, (consolidated as of June 1, 1976), Ottawa, Supply and Services Canada, 1976.

Until 1949 most relevant sections of the BNA Act could be amended formally only by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which passed the original statute. All the amendments before 1949 are statutes of the United Kingdom. In 1949, the Parliament of Canada assumed jurisdiction over those parts of the BNA Act which refer only to the federal government's part of the constitution. Y267-270. Provinces and territories, dates and processes of admission and present areas, 1867 to 1976

SOURCE: Canada Year Book, 1976-77, pp. 33 and 72. The source should be consulted for more detailed information on changes in the areas of several of the provinces after their original establishment, and of the territories. See also series L1-2.

The provinces have become parts of Canada in three ways: by original creation as provinces in 1867; by subsequent creation out of territories that were themselves part of Canada; and by the admission as provinces of new areas that were not formerly part of Canada. The Canadian government's power to admit certain colonies as provinces was recognized in the BNA Act of 1867, and enlarged to include the creation of new provinces out of territories in 1871. Thus British Columbia, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland were admitted as established entities. The Prairie provinces were created from the territories which had been purchased from the Hudson's Bay Company in 1870, and then annexed to Canada. Once a new province is established, the Canadian government is not competent to alter the act of creation except in regard to boundary changes, which can be made only with the province's consent.

Y271-281. Number of provincial statutes disallowed by the federal government, by province and decade, 1867 to 1976

SOURCE: LaForest, Disallowance and Reservation of Provincial Legislation, pp. 83-101. The source lists each statute by citation, title, reasons for disallowance, date of report of the Minister of Justice, and provides further references.

The Canadian government has the unqualified power to disallow any act of a provincial legislature within a year of its passage. The power was widely used in the four decades immediately following 1867, but its employment is now rare, as political, legal and economic developments have all enhanced the status of the provinces within Confederation. The power still exists in law, unrestricted, and attempts to persuade the federal government to use it against provincial legislation that is unpopular with various organized groups are not uncommon.

Some of the earlier statistics are in one sense misleading, for sometimes the federal government disallowed substantially the same provincial act several times; each separate disallowance is given in the series.

Y282-292. Number of provincial bills reserved by Lieutenant-Governors, by province and decade, 1867 to 1976

SOURCE: LaForest, Disallowance and Reservation of Provincial Legislation, pp. 102-115. The source includes a detailed examination and list of reserved bills, including the disposition made of each bill, and the reasons therefore; James R. Mallorey, "The Lieutenant-Governor's Discretionary Powers: The Reservation of Bill 56" Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, Toronto, vol. 27. 1961.

The Lieutenant-Governor of each province, who is appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister of Canada, has the power to reserve assent to any bill passed by the provincial legislature, and to refer it to the federal government for the signification of the latter's pleasure. If the federal government takes no action of any kind for one year, the bill dies; but the Canadian government may also instruct that assent to the bill be given, or give assent itself. Generally the federal authorities have held that Lieutenant-Governors should reserve a provincial bill only on instructions from Ottawa, but in fact most reserved bills have been reserved without instructions, and in most cases the federal government has taken no action. As with disallowance, the use of the reservation power has declined, but it was employed in 1961 when the Lieutenant-Governor of Saskatchewan reserved a bill without instructions, and in due course was instructed to give his assent.

Y293-295. Federal royal commissions, 1867 to 1976

SOURCE: Henderson, George F., Federal Royal Commissions in Canada, 1867-1966, supplemented by a list available on photostat in the Privy Council; J.C. Courtney and John Childs, Canadian Royal Commissions of Inquiry; 1946 to 1962: An Investigation of an Executive Instrument of Inquiry, Ph.D. thesis, Duke University.

The definition of 'Royal Commission' is not at all clear. Presumably all commissions issued under Part I of the Public Inquiries Act qualify; but these include many minor investigations into individual charges of political partisanship and the like. A number of these may have been omitted from the column headed 'minor commissions'. Commissions issued under Part II of the Inquiries Act do not bear the Great Seal and therefore technically fail to qualify; but again several important investigations set up as 'departmental inquiries' under Part II have been regarded as royal commissions. The compilation contains some of these. Several other statutes have provided for public inquiries, and commissioners appointed under these acts have often been designated royal commissioners, for example: 38 Victoria, chap. 53 (1875) to adjust claims to Manitoba lands; the Combines Act; the Judges Act (to study a case for dismissal of a judge). Pre-dating the Industrial Disputes Investigation Act there were also many commissions set up to study industrial unrest. These have been included, mainly in the column headed 'minor commissions'. The segregation into 'major' and 'minor' commissions has been based on the importance of the subject and/or the value of the report(s).

Y296. Subjects of major royal commissions, 1867 to 1976

SOURCE: see series Y293-295.

Series Y296 lists the major federal royal commissions designated in series Y293. The Provincial Governments, Lieutenant-Governors and Premiers (Series Y297-301)

Y297-298. Lieutenant-Governors, by province, 1867 to 1976

SOURCE: Department of Provincial Affairs, Newfoundland; MacKinnon, The Government of Prince Edward Island; Deputy Provincial Secretary, Nova Scotia; Beck, The Government of Nova Scotia; Annuaire du Québec, Quebec, various issues; Saskatchewan, Who's Who, various issues; Canada Year Book, various issues; Canadian Parliamentary Guide, various issues. See also Saywell, The Office of Lieutenant-Governor.

The Lieutenant-Governor is nominally the chief executive officer of each province. He is appointed and paid by the federal government, ordinarily for a term of five years though removable for cause, and was originally intended to be a federal official in each province. Judicial decision has added to his powers a status not unlike that of the Governor General, that is, he is Her Majesty's representative in each province. His functions are largely ceremonial, but Lieutenant-Governors have made more frequent use of their powers to reserve or withhold assent to bills than have Governors General of Canada or Monarchs in the United Kingdom. The powers and prestige of the Lieutenant-Governor vary from individual to individual and from place to place, but in general have declined throughout Canada since 1867. The Lieutenant-Governor is still nonetheless an integral part of each provincial legislature.

Y299-301. Ministries, by province and premier, 1867 to 1976

SOURCE: MacKinnon, The Government of Prince Edward Island; Deputy Provincial Secretary, Nova Scotia; Beck, The Government of Nova Scotia; Annuaire du Québec, Quebec, various issues; Saskatchewan Archives Board; Clerk of the Legislative Assembly, Alberta; Deputy Provincial Secretary, British Columbia; and various issues of the Canadian Parliamentary Companion, Canadian Parliamentary Guide, and Canada Year Book.

The office of premier, as leader of a government with a majority in the legislature, has been recognized in most provinces since their establishment, though Professor W.L. Morton has observed in Encyclopedia Canadiana, vol. 2, p. 45, that it is doubtful if the position of premier was recognized in Manitoba before 1874. Certainly the powers of the premier, and his views of his functions and his relations with the other parts of the provincial government, have not been identical in all the provinces since they entered Confederation.

The determination of party affiliations for earlier years is in several instances difficult, and in a few impossible. In any event, a provincial party label then, as now, did not always mean that a provincial premier of one party gave his whole-hearted support to the same party at the federal level, or paid much attention to the party of the same name in other provinces.

The Provincial Governments, Provincial Elections (Series Y302-387)

Y302-387. Provincial government elections, party standing and size of legislature, 1867 to 1977

SOURCE: Chief Electoral Officer, Newfoundland; MacKinnon, The Government of Prince Edward Island; Chief Electoral Officer, Prince Edward Island; Chief Electoral Officer, Nova Scotia; Department of the Provincial Secretary, New Brunswick; Annuaire du Québec, Quebec, various issues; Chief Electoral Officer, Ontario; A Statistical History of All the Electoral Districts of the Province of Ontario since 1867; Saskatchewan Archives Board; Clerk of the Legislative Assembly, Alberta; Chief Electoral Officer, British Columbia; and various issues of the Canadian Parliamentary Companion, Canadian Parliamentary Guide, Canadian Almanac and Directory, and Canada Year Book.

Provincial election results, by parties, include some of the most elusive political statistics in Canada, and must be used with caution. The Deputy Provincial Secretary, Prince Edward Island, for example, has confirmed that information in the Canadian Parliamentary Guide may be considered official for P.E.I.; although it has included inconsistencies in its data, including different dates for the same election and different party affiliations for individuals. Other provinces appear to have kept official statistics of their elections since Confederation.

Several sections of series Y302-387 require special qualification.

First, multi-member constituencies are far less common than they were. In Nova Scotia, for example, all constituencies returned at least two members from 1876 to 1916; now only three two-member constituencies remain. See Acts of Nova Scotia: 1914, chap. 16; 1932, chap. 19; 1948, chap. 47; 1955, chap. 7.

Second, series Y327-335 excludes the former Legislative Council of Quebec. Quebec, in 1968, was the last province to divest itself of a bicameral legislature, though several of the older provinces formerly were bicameral. The series throughout Y302-387 refer only to the lower houses.

Third, party affiliations in Manitoba, series Y347-359, have not always been sufficiently clear to make tabulation easy, and in earlier years (especially 1870 and 1874) the number of members whose affiliation was not known (shown in 'Other' column) is formidable. Detailed study of party results in Manitoba requires more qualification than can be provided here. The main limitations on series Y347-359 are: (a) after 1932, the column 'Liberal and Liberal Progressive' represents a combination of Liberal and Progressive forces which cannot be separated; (b) the elections of 1941, 1945 and 1949 resulted in coalition governments of a type not suggested in the statistics, (see the Canadian Parliamentary Guide for relevant year); (c) the election of 1921 is shown in the Canadian Parliamentary Guide as returning 21 'Government' candidates who were Liberals according to the biographical sketches in the 1921 issue of that publication, although other Liberals opposed 'Government' candidates at the polls. Fourth, the Province of British Columbia is authority for the statement that the election of 1903, in series Y379-387, was the first run on party lines, hence the gaps in the table before that date. The Canadian Parliamentary Guide for elections before 1903 identifies candidates as 'Government' and 'Opposition' only.

1 The author of this section wishes to acknowledge that he has used the excellent text of Dr. Norman Ward, prepared for the 1965 edition of the Historical Statistics of Canada. The bibliography has been updated and minor changes to Dr. Ward's introduction were made. Series Y1-2. The monarchy, 1867 to 1978

Year of reign Monarch Accession 1 2

1952-1 Elizabeth II 6 February 1952

1936-1952 George VI 11 December 1936 1936 Edward VIII 20 January 19362 1910-1936 George V 6 May 1910 1901-1910 Edward VII 22 January 1901 1837-1901 Victoria I 20 June 1837

1 As of 31 December 1978. 2 Abdicated before coronation.

Page 1 Series Y3-5. Governors General, 1867 to 1978

Term of Number Governor General Appointed Assumed office office 3 4 5

1973-1 21 The Right Honourable Jules Léger, C.C., C.M.M., C.D. 5 October 1973 14 January 1974

1967-1973 20 The Right Honourable Roland Michener, C.C., C.M.M., C.D. 29 March 1967 17 April 1967 1959-1967 19 Major-General Georges Philias Vanier, D.S.O., M.C., C.D. 1 August 1959 15 September 1959 1952-1959 18 The Right Honourable Vincent Massey, C.H. 24 January 1952 28 February 1952 1946-1952 17 Field Marshal Viscount Alexander of Tunis, K.G., G.C.B., G.C.M.G., C.S.l., D.S.O., 1 August 1945 12 April 1946 M.C., A.D.C. 1940-1946 16 Major-General The Earl of Athlone, KG., P.C., G.C.B., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O, D.S.O. 3 April 1940 21 June 1940

1935-1940 15 Lord Tweedsmuir of Elsfield, G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., C.H. 10 August 1935 2 November 1935 1931-1935 14 The Earl of Bessborough, G.C.M.G. 9 February 1931 4 April 1931 1926-1931 13 Viscount Willingdon of Ratton, G.C.S.I, G.C.I.E., G.B.E. 5 August 1926 2 October 1926 1921-1926 12 General The Lord Byng of Vimy, G.C.B., G.C.M.G., M.V.O. 2 August 1921 11 August 1921 1916-1921 11 The Duke of Devonshire, K.G., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O. 19 August 1916 11 November 1916

1911-1916 10 Field Marshal, H.R.H. The Duke of Connaught, K.G. 21 March 1911 13 October 1911 1904-1911 9 Earl Grey, G.C.M.G. 26 September 1904 10 December 1904 1898-1904 8 The Earl of Minto, G.C.M.G. 30 July 1898 12 November 1898 1893-1898 7 The Earl of Aberdeen, K.T., G.C.M.G. 22 May 1893 18 September 1893 1888-1893 6 Lord Stanley of Preston, G.C.B. 1 May 1888 11 June 1888

1883-1888 5 The Marquis of Lansdowne, G.C.M.G. 18 August 1883 23 October 1883 1878-1883 4 The Marquis of Lorne, K.T., G.C.M.G. 5 October 1878 25 November 1878 1872-1878 3 The Earl of Dufferin, K.P., K.C.B., G.C.M.G. 22 May 1872 25 June 1872 1869-1872 2 Lord Lisgar, G.C.M.G. 29 December 1868 2 February 1869 1867-1869 1 Viscount Monck, G.C.M.G. 1 June 1867 1 July 1867

1 As of 31 December 1978.

Page 1 Series Y6-16. Canadian ministries, dates, numbers of portfolios, turnover of personnel, and party affiliation, 1867 to 1976

Year Number Prime Minister Dates of Party1 Portfolios Ministers Non- Parliamentary ministry without cabinet secretaries portfolio ministers Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number of of of of of of of occupants posts occupants posts occupants posts occupants 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1968- 20 Rt. Hon. Pierre Elliot Trudeau 20 April 19682 Lib. 34 120 7 18 – – 32 140

1963-1968 19 Rt. Hon. Lester Bowles Pearson 22 April 1963- Lib. 31 68 3 12 – – 26 54 20 April 1968 1957-1963 18 Rt. Hon. John George Diefenbaker 21 June 1957- Cons. 22 37 3 4 – – 19 29 22 April 1963 1948-1957 17 Rt. Hon. Louis Stephen St. Laurent 15 November 1948- Lib. 25 51 2 3 – – 18 38 21 June 1957 1935-1948 16 Rt. Hon. William Lyon Mackenzie King 23 October 1935- Lib. 32 86 2 4 – – 17 25 15 November 1948

1930-1935 15 Rt. Hon. Richard Bedford Bennett 7 August 1930- Cons. 21 34 4 5 – – – – 23 October 1935 1926-1930 14 Rt. Hon. William Lyon Mackenzie King 25 September 1926- Lib. 24 31 2 2 – – – – 7 August 1930 1926 13 Rt. Hon. Arthur Meighen 29 June 1926- Cons. 20 34 4 5 – – – – 25 September 1926 1921-1926 12 Rt. Hon. William Lyon Mackenzie King 29 December 1921- Lib. 22 41 5 8 1 1 – – 28 June 1926 1920-1921 11 Rt. Hon. Arthur Meighen 10 July 1920- Unionist 22 33 4 4 1 1 – – 29 December 1921

1917-1920 10 Rt. Hon. Sir Robert Laird Borden 12 October 1917- Unionist 24 38 4 4 1 1 3 5 10 July 1920 1911-1917 9 Rt. Hon. Sir Robert Laird Borden 10 October 1911- Cons. 21 43 3 3 3 4 – – 12 October 1917 1896-1911 8 Rt. Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier 11 July 1896- Lib. 18 46 2 5 3 6 – – 6 October 1911 1896 7 Hon. Sir Charles Tupper 1 May 1896- Cons. 15 15 3 3 1 1 – – 8 July 1896 1894-1896 6 Hon. Sir Mackenzie Bowell 21 December 1894- Cons. 15 31 3 4 3 4 – – 27 April 1896

1892-1894 5 Rt. Hon. Sir John Sparrow David Thompson 5 December 1892 Cons. 13 13 2 2 3 3 – – 12 December 1894 1891-1892 4 Hon. Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott 16 June 1891- Cons. 14 23 1 1 – – – – 24 November 1892 1878-1891 3 Rt. Hon. Sir John Alexander Macdonald 17 October 1878- Cons. 16 50 2 4 – – – – 6 June 1891 1873-1878 2 Hon. Alexander Mackenzie 7 November 1873- Lib. 14 35 2 2 – – – – 8 October 1878 1867-1873 1 Hon. Sir John Alexander Macdonald 1 July 1867- Cons. 15 45 – – – – – – 5 November 1873

1 See note to series W165-176 in previous edition for changes in official party names through the years. 2 As of 31 December 1976.

Page 1 Series Y17-29. Growth of representation in the House of Commons and redistribution (general and partial), by province, 1867 to 1974

Year Total New- Prince Nova New Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskat- Alberta British Yukon Northwest for found- Edward Scotia Bruns- chewan Columbia Territory Terri- Canada land Island wick tories 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

19741 282 7 4 11 10 75 95 14 14 21 28 1 2 1968 264 7 4 11 10 74 88 13 13 19 23 1 1 1953 265 7 4 12 10 75 85 14 17 17 22 1 1 1952 265 7 4 12 10 75 85 14 17 17 22 2 2 –

19493 262 7 4 13 10 73 83 16 20 17 18 1 – 1947 255 – 4 13 10 73 83 16 20 17 18 1 – 1933 245 – 4 12 10 65 82 17 21 17 16 1 – 1924 245 – 4 14 11 65 82 17 21 16 14 1 – 19153 235 – 4 16 11 65 82 15 16 12 13 1 –

1914 234 – 3 16 11 65 82 15 16 12 13 1 – 19073 221 – 4 18 13 65 86 10 10 7 7 1 – 1903 214 – 4 18 13 65 86 10 10 4 7 1 – 1892 213 – 5 20 14 65 92 7 4 4 6 – – 18873 215 – 6 21 16 65 92 5 4 4 6 – –

1882 211 – 6 21 16 65 92 5 – 6 – – 18733 206 – 6 21 16 65 88 4 – 6 – – 1872 200 – – 21 16 65 88 4 – 6 – – 18713 185 – – 19 15 65 82 4 – – – – 1867 181 – – 19 15 65 82 – – – – –

1 New representation will take effect with the General Election of 1979. 2 Includes one member for Mackenzie River. 3 See note on series Y17-29. 4 Northwest Territories.

Page 1 Series Y30-40. Growth of representation in the Senate of Canada, 1867 to 1975

Year Total Atlantic provinces Quebec Ontario Western provinces for New- Prince Nova New Manitoba Saskat- Alberta British Canada found- Edward Scotia Brunswick chewan Columbia land Island 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

19751 104 6 4 10 10 24 24 6 6 6 6 1949 102 6 4 10 10 24 24 6 6 6 6

1915 96 – 4 10 10 24 24 6 6 6 6 1905 87 – 4 10 10 24 24 4 4 4 3 1903 83 – 4 10 10 24 24 4 4 2 3 1892 81 – 4 10 10 24 24 4 2 2 3 1887 80 – 4 10 10 24 24 3 2 2 3

1882 78 – 4 10 10 24 24 3 – 3 1873 77 – 4 10 10 24 24 2 – 3 1871 77 – – 12 12 24 24 2 – 3 1870 74 – – 12 12 24 24 2 – – 1867 72 – – 12 12 24 24 – – –

1 In June 1975, the Yukon Territory and the Northwest Territories each had one member appointed to the Senate. 2 Northwest Territories.

Page 1 Series Y41-50. Dates of general elections and sessions of federal parliaments, 1867 to 19741

Year Parlia- Ses- Date of opening Date of Days of Sitting Date of election Writs returnable Dissolution Length of of ment sion prorogation session days of Parliament elec- House of tion Commons 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

1974 30 3 18 October 1977 – – – – – – – 2 12 October 1976 17 October 1977 370 174 – – – – 1 30 September 1974 12 October 1976 743 343 – – – –

1972 29 2 27 February 1974 8 May 1974 71 50 30 October 1972 20 November 1972 9 May 1974 1y, 5m, 20d 1 4 January 1973 26 February 1974 418 206 8 July 1974 30 July 1974 – –

1968 28 4 17 February 1972 1 September 1972 197 91 25 June 1968 25 July 1968 1 September 1972 4y, 1m, 8d 3 8 October 1970 16 February 1972 497 244 – – – – 2 23 October 1969 7 October 1970 349 155 – – – – 1 12 September 1968 22 October 1969 386 199 – – – –

1965 27 2 8 May 1967 23 April 1968 352 155 8 November 1965 9 December 1965 23 April 1968 2y, 4m, 15d 1 18 January 1966 8 May 1967 476 250 – – – –

1963 26 3 5 April 1965 8 September 1965 157 53 8 April 1963 8 May 1963 8 September 1965 2y, 4m, 1d 2 18 February 1964 3 April 1964 411 248 – – – – 1 16 May 1963 21 December 1963 220 117 – – – –

1962 25 1 27 September 1962 5 February 1963 131 72 18 June 1962 18 July 1962 6 February 1963 6m, 20d

1958 24 5 18 January 1962 18 April 1962 117 93 31 March 1958 30 April 1958 19 April 1962 3y, 11 m, 20d 4 17 November 1960 – – – 31 March 1958 30 April 1958 – – 3 14 January 1960 10 August 1960 210 146 – – – – 2 15 January 1959 18 July 1959 185 127 – – – – 1 12 May 1958 6 September 1958 117 93 – – – –

1957 23 1 14 October 1957 1 February 1958 111 78 10 June 1957 8 August 1957 1 February 1958 5m,25d

1953 22 5 8 January 1957 12 April 1957 95 71 10 August 1953 8 October 1953 12 April 1957 3y, 6m, 5d 4 26 November 1956 8 January 1957 44 5 – – – – 3 10 January 1956 14 August 1956 218 152 – – – – 2 7 January 1955 28 July 1955 203 140 – – – – 1 12 November 1953 26 June 1954 227 139 – – – –

1949 21 7 20 November 1952 14 May 1953 176 108 27 June 1949 25 August 1949 13 June 1953 3y, 9m, 20d 6 28 February 1952 20 November 1952 267 87 – – – – 5 9 October 1951 29 December 1951 82 56 – – – – 4 30 January 1951 9 October 1951 253 105 – – – – 3 29 August 1950 29 January 1951 154 17 – – – – 2 16 February 1950 30 June 1950 135 90 – – – – 1 15 September 1949 10 December 1949 87 64 – – – –

1945 20 5 26 January 1949 30 April 1949 95 59 11 June 1945 9 August 1945 30 April 1949 3y, 8m, 22d 4 5 December 1947 30 June 1948 209 119 – – – – 3 30 January 1947 17 July 1947 169 115 – – – – 2 14 March 1946 31 August 1946 171 118 – – – – 1 6 September 1945 18 December 1945 104 76 – – – –

1940 19 6 19 March 1945 16 April 1945 29 19 26 March 1940 17 April 1940 16 April 1945 5y 5 27 January 1944 31 January 1945 371 136 – – – – 4 28 January 1943 26 January 1944 364 120 – – – – 3 22 January 1942 27 January 1943 371 124 – – – – 2 7 November 1940 21 January 1942 441 105 – – – – 1 16 May 1940 5 November 1940 174 61 – – – –

1935 18 6 25 January 1940 25 January 1940 1 1 14 October 1935 9 November 1935 25 January 1940 4y, 2m, 16d 5 7 September 1939 13 September 1939 7 6 – – – – 4 12 January 1939 3 June 1939 143 103 – – – – 3 27 January 1938 1 July 1938 156 102 – – – – 2 14 January 1937 10 April 1937 87 62 – – – – 1 6 February 1936 23 June 1936 139 91 – – – –

1930 17 6 17 January 1935 5 July 1935 170 – 28 July 1930 18 August 1930 15 August 1935 4y, 11m, 29d 5 25 January 1934 3 July 1934 160 – – – – – 4 6 October 1932 27 May 1933 234 – – – – – 3 4 February 1932 26 May 1932 113 – – – – – 2 12 March 1931 3 August 1931 145 – – – – – 1 8 September 1930 22 September 1930 15 – – – – –

1926 16 4 20 February 1930 30 May 1930 100 – 14 September 1926 2 November 1926 30 May 1930 3y, 7m 3 7 February 1929 14 June 1929 128 – – – – – 2 26 January 1928 11 June 1928 138 – – – – – 1 9 December 1926 14 April 1927 127 – – – – –

1925 15 1 7 January 1926 2 July 1926 177 – 29 October 1925 7 December 1925 2 July 1926 6m, 26d

1921 14 4 5 February 1925 27 June 1925 143 – 6 December 1921 14 January 1922 5 September 1925 3y, 7m, 26d 3 28 February 1924 19 July 1924 143 – – – – – 2 31 January 1923 30 June 1923 151 – – – – – 1 8 March 1922 28 June 1922 113 – – – – –

1917 13 5 14 February 1921 4 June 1921 111 – 17 December 1917 27 February 1918 4 October 1921 3y,7m,6d 4 26 February 1920 1 July 1920 127 – – – – – 3 1 September 1919 10 November 1919 71 – – – – – 2 20 February 1919 7 July 1919 138 – – – – – 1 18 March 1918 24 May 1918 68 – – – – –

1911 12 7 18 January 1917 20 September 1917 246 – 21 September 1911 7 October 1911 6 October 1917 6y 6 12 January 1916 18 May 1916 127 – – – – – 5 4 February 1915 15 April 1915 71 – – – – – 4 18 August 1914 22 August 1914 5 – – – – – 3 15 January 1914 12 June 1914 148 – – – – – 2 21 November 1912 6 June 1913 198 – – – – – 1 15 November 1911 1 April 1912 139 – – – – –

1908 11 3 17 November 1910 29 July 1911 255 – 26 October 1908 3 December 1908 29 July 1911 2y, 7m, 28d 2 11 November 1909 4 May 1910 175 – – – – – 1 20 January 1909 19 May 1909 120 – – – – –

1904 10 4 28 November 1907 20 July 1908 236 – 3 November 1904 15 December 1904 17 September 1908 3y,9m,4d 3 22 November 1906 27 April 1907 157 – – – – – 2 8 March 1906 13 July 1906 128 – – – – – 1 11 January 1905 20 July 1905 191 – – – – –

1900 9 4 10 March 1904 10 August 1904 154 – 7 November 1900 5 December 1900 29 September 1904 3y,9m,26d 3 12 March 1903 24 October 1903 227 – – – – – 2 13 February 1902 15 May 1902 90 – – – – – 1 6 February 1901 23 May 1901 107 – – – – –

1896 8 5 1 February 1900 18 July 1900 168 – 23 June 1896 13 July 1896 9 October 1900 4y. 2m, 26d 4 16 March 1899 11 August 1899 149 – – – – – 3 3 February 1898 13 June 1898 131 – – – – – 2 25 March 1897 29 June 1897 97 – – – – – 1 19 August 1896 5 October 1896 48 – – – – –

1891 7 6 2 January 1896 23 April 1896 111 – 5 March 1891 25 April 1891 24 April 1896 5y 5 18 April 1895 22 July 1895 96 – – – – – 4 15 March 1894 23 July 1894 131 – – – – – 3 26 January 1893 1 April 1893 66 – – – – – 2 25 February 1892 9 July 1892 136 – – – – – 1 29 April 1891 30 September 1891 155 – – – – –

1887 6 4 16 January 1890 16 May 1890 121 – 22 February 1887 7 April 1887 3 February 1891 3y, 9m, 27d 3 31 January 1889 2 May 1889 92 – – – – – 2 23 February 1888 22 May 1888 90 – – – – – 1 13 April 1887 23 June 1887 72 – – – – –

1882 5 4 25 February 1886 2 June 1886 98 – 20 June 1882 7 August 1882 15 January 1887 4y, 5m, 10d 3 29 January 1885 20 July 1885 173 – – – – – 2 17 January 1884 19 April 1884 94 – – – – – 1 8 February 1883 25 May 1883 107 – – – – –

1878 4 4 9 February 1882 17 May 1882 98 – 17 September 1878 21 November 1878 18 May 1882 3y, 5m, 28d 3 9 December 1880 21 March 1881 103 – – – – – 2 12 February 1880 7 May 1880 86 – – – – – 1 13 February 1879 15 May 1879 92 – – – – –

1874 3 5 7 February 1878 10 May 1878 93 – 22 January 1874 21 February 1874 17 August 1878 4y,5m, 25d 4 8 February 1877 28 April 1877 80 – – – – – 3 10 February 1876 12 April 1876 63 – – – – – 2 4 February 1875 8 April 1875 64 – – – – – 1 26 March 1874 26 May 1874 62 – – – – –

1872 2 2 23 October 1873 7 November 1873 16 – 20 July 1872- 3 September 1872 2 January 1874 1y, 4m 12 October 1872 1 5 March 1873 13 August 1873 161 – – – – –

1867 1 5 11 April 1872 14 June 1872 65 – 7 August 1867- 24 September 1867 8 July 1872 4y, 9m, 15d 20 September 1867 4 15 February 1871 14 April 1871 59 – – – – – 3 15 February 1870 12 May 1870 87 – – – – – 2 15 April 1869 22 June 1869 69 – – – – – 1 6 November 1867 22 May 1868 199 – – – – –

1 As of 31 December 1977.

Page 1 Series Y51-74. General elections, number of electors on lists and votes polled, by province and election, 1896 to 1974

Year Total for Newfoundland Prince Edward Nova Scotia New Brunswick Quebec of Canada Island election Polling Polled Polling Polled Polling Polled Polling Polled Polling Polled Polling Polled lists lists lists lists lists lists 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

1974 13,620,353 9,671,002 304,370 175,534 73,069 58,649 524,767 388,830 406,518 289,492 3,848,426 2,592,801

1972 13,000,778 9,974,661 289,294 182,482 68,992 59,078 492,001 391,590 387,136 298,164 3,693,918 2,790,172 1968 10,860,888 8,217,916 237,594 161,570 58,216 51,225 412,791 339,600 317,912 254,716 3,083,260 2,229,345 1965 10,274,904 7,796,728 226,082 148,392 72,006 56,484 420,146 401,521 304,734 244,184 2,933,031 2,073,314 1963 9,910,757 7,958,636 221,321 152,175 69,486 57,029 419,352 401,874 304,732 245,557 2,807,634 2,143,246 1962 9,700,325 7,772,656 215,565 155,263 73,509 56,542 423,556 398,161 302,313 252,053 2,728,191 2,117,644

1958 9,131,200 7,357,139 204,778 160,928 54,200 69,302 390,196 418,479 294,387 249,706 2,576,682 2,045,199 1957 8,896,011 6,682,462 197,239 92,858 54,224 67,218 384,948 394,130 291,036 237,001 2,504,978 1,815,586 1953 8,401,691 5,701,963 194,715 111,768 55,469 66,562 380,836 334,855 287,657 225,390 2,352,619 1,565,400 1949 7,893,629 5,903,572 182,439 105,190 55,772 68,393 373,585 338,928 286,723 225,877 2,177,152 1,610,510 1945 6,952,445 5,305,193 – – 54,794 63,807 362,754 312,954 262,261 204,273 1,956,225 1,433,591

1940 6,588,888 4,672,531 – – 55,339 62,943 335,990 283,428 251,986 174,734 1,799,942 1,189,489 1935 5,918,207 4,452,675 – – 53,284 61,641 304,313 275,523 229,266 177,485 1,575,159 1,162,862 1930 5,153,971 3,922,481 – – 46,985 59,519 275,762 268,727 207,006 186,277 1,351,585 1,029,480 1926 4,665,381 3,273,062 – – 46,208 55,569 273,712 229,846 210,028 162,777 1,133,633 809,295 1925 4,607,419 3,168,412 – – 45,454 49,558 277,073 222,883 211,190 152,652 1,124,998 805,492

1921 4,435,310 3,119,306 – – 46,879 52,556 294,473 260,860 204,575 156,263 1,056,792 779,591 1917 2,093,799 1,650,377 1 – – 28,221 32,249 133,930 106,621 94,456 84,408 396,666 301,519 1911 1,820,742 1,307,528 – – – 28,636 136,994 113,022 101,112 79,072 455,288 324,039 1908 1,463,591 1,174,703 – – – 28,782 132,914 111,138 98,026 75,651 415,076 283,132 1904 1,385,440 1,030,788 – – – 29,427 124,086 103,651 95,487 72,799 372,198 257,064

1900 1,167,402 950,763 – – – 21,026 106,451 105,194 94,877 68,267 350,250 237,320 1896 1,358,328 899,046 – – 25,245 18,672 111,125 100,685 91,697 64,100 351,275 224,690

Year Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Yukon Territory and of Columbia Northwest Territories election Polling Polled Polling Polled Polling Polled Polling Polled Polling Polled Polling Polled lists lists lists lists lists lists 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74

1974 4,803,485 3,581,767 633,411 448,431 569,316 415,268 1,016,314 684,649 1,407,066 1,014,219 33,611 21,362

1972 4,601,282 3,650,542 610,568 453,642 558,876 442,246 955,531 722,338 1,312,832 961,441 30,348 22,966 1968 3,846,064 2,973,745 531,563 403,272 517,598 416,793 774,565 567,416 1,059,959 804,108 21,366 16,126 1965 3,609,895 2,770,222 517,928 382,362 508,733 404,631 725,447 534,870 972,063 731,438 18,986 15,163 1963 3,455,363 2,799,870 516,525 401,870 505,551 419,973 700,920 552,164 921,074 740,229 18,734 14,714 1962 3,397,647 2,719,020 508,920 393,023 502,495 426,426 680,253 505,752 891,696 691,930 18,552 14,480

1958 3,189,422 2,534,555 481,552 385,648 488,139 399,949 608,820 452,977 830,237 629,982 12,787 10,414 1957 3,100,456 2,295,033 473,802 351,827 484,318 392,266 591,043 431,184 802,017 596,424 11,950 8,935 1953 2,894,150 1,938,959 465,374 276,422 480,532 356,479 548,747 343,258 730,882 475,456 10,710 7,414 1949 2,718,118 2,042,294 451,882 324,079 472,884 375,471 492,228 341,222 673,782 464,785 9,064 6,823 1945 2,457,937 1,831,806 433,921 327,794 445,601 379,539 430,430 315,863 545,077 433,402 3,445 2,164

1940 2,340,344 1,625,439 425,066 320,860 481,931 373,376 423,609 272,418 472,584 368,103 2,097 1,741 1935 2,174,188 1,608,244 377,733 284,589 451,386 347,536 368,956 241,107 382,117 292,423 1,805 1,265 1930 1,894,624 1,364,960 328,089 235,192 410,400 331,652 304,475 201,635 333,326 243,631 1,719 1,408 1926 1,847,512 1,226,267 257,244 198,028 353,471 246,460 279,463 157,993 262,262 185,345 1,848 1,482 1925 1,821,906 1,223,027 250,505 171,124 346,791 197,246 283,529 161,423 244,352 183,748 1,621 1,259

1921 1,738,020 1,139,635 255,143 173,941 333,613 225,236 273,706 173,824 230,451 156,012 1,658 1,388 1917 904,075 710,077 138,029 109,542 133,806 99,253 140,757 107,272 122,071 97,994 1,788 1,442 1911 693,485 480,572 98,588 77,696 142,414 89,043 107,228 69,775 83,081 43,559 2,552 2,114 1908 660,340 462,280 84,537 68,047 – 59,868 – 45,972 69,827 37,368 2,871 2,465 1904 607,854 444,257 70,121 48,122 – – – – 45,345 25,184 70,349 50,284

1900 482,003 427,173 64,027 41,714 – – – – 38,448 26,451 31,346 23,618 1896 650,473 422,075 65,685 32,884 – – – – 38,010 18,152 24,818 17,788

1 An unusually large number of acclamations (31) affected the statistics for 1917, as did the Wartime Elections Act of that year.

Page 1 Series Y75-198. Votes polled in federal elections, by party and province, 1896 to 1974

Province Federal general election 1974 Federal general election 1972 Liberal Pro- New Social Indepen- Others Liberal Pro- New Social Indepen- Others gressive Demo- Credit dent gressive Demo- Credit dent Conser- cratic Conser- cratic vative Party vative Party 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Newfoundland 81,299 75,816 16,445 143 242 – 78,505 85,857 8,165 266 616 1,637 Prince Edward Island 26,932 28,578 2,666 – – 77 22,950 29,419 4,229 55 – – Nova Scotia 157,582 183,897 43,470 1,457 – 458 129,738 204,460 47,072 1,316 – 501 New Brunswick 135,723 94,934 24,869 8,407 23,299 118 125,935 131,455 16,703 16,450 839 1,109 Quebec 1,330,337 520,632 162,680 420,018 6,712 18,896 1,289,139 457,418 168,910 639,207 43,495 26,867

Ontario 1,609,786 1,252,082 680,113 6,575 5,232 11,749 1,366,922 1,399,148 768,076 12,937 7,898 23,071 Manitoba 122,470 212,990 104,829 4,750 286 1,406 136,906 184,363 116,474 3,228 517 1,666 Saskatchewan 127,282 150,846 130,391 4,539 316 560 109,342 159,629 155,195 7,717 199 422 Alberta 168,973 417,422 63,310 22,909 1,524 8,431 177,599 409,857 89,811 31,689 302 1,694 British Columbia 336,435 423,954 232,547 12,433 1,134 4,378 274,468 313,253 332,345 25,107 1,483 1,633

Yukon Territory 2,784 3,913 1,618 – – – 2,633 4,332 951 – 252 – Northwest Territories 3,173 4,271 5,410 – – – 4,121 4,339 5,597 – – –

Totals for Canada 4,102,776 3,369,335 1,467,748 481,231 38,745 46,073 3,718,258 3,383,530 1,713,528 737,972 55,601 58,600

Province Federal general election 1968 Federal general election 1965 Liberal Pro- New Rallie- Others Liberal Pro- New Rallie- Social Others gressive Demo- ment gressive Demo- ment Credit Conser- cratic créditiste Conser- cratic créditiste vative Party vative Party 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97

Newfoundland 68,549 84,483 7,042 – 126 94,291 47,638 1,742 – 2,352 1,022 Prince Edward Island 22,854 26,276 1,636 – – 31,352 38,566 1,463 – – – Nova Scotia 127,962 186,026 22,676 – 293 175,415 203,123 38,043 – – 1,249 New Brunswick 111,843 125,269 12,277 1,769 821 114,781 102,714 22,759 1,081 352 – Quebec 1,170,417 466,492 164,466 358,327 24,590 928,530 432,901 244,339 357,153 – 74,389

Ontario 1,372,903 942,979 607,011 – 25,599 1,196,308 933,753 594,112 1,204 9,791 8,615 Manitoba 166,025 125,713 99,974 949 7,732 117,442 154,253 91,193 – 16,315 237 Saskatchewan 112,332 153,233 147,941 – 919 96,740 193,254 104,626 – 7,526 179 Alberta 201,045 283,987 52,720 – 26,083 119,014 247,734 43,818 – 119,586 1,275 British Columbia 333,949 155,101 260,989 – 48,703 217,726 139,226 239,132 – 126,532 3,368

Yukon Territory 3,048 3,110 325 – – 2,546 3,136 – – – – Northwest Territories 6,018 2,211 1,203 – – 5,194 3,615 431 – – –

Totals for Canada 3,696,945 2,554,880 1,378,260 361,045 134,866 3,098,339 2,499,913 1,381,658 359,438 282,454 90,334

Province Federal general election 1963 Federal general election 1962 Liberal Pro- Social New Others Pro- Liberal New Social Others gressive Credit Demo- gressive Demo- Credit Conser- cratic Conser- cratic vative Party vative Party 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107

Newfoundland 97,576 45,491 – 6,364 1,943 55,396 90,896 7,590 158 – Prince Edward Island 32,073 35,965 – 1,140 – 37,388 31,603 3,802 153 – Nova Scotia 195,007 196,711 401 26,617 – 198,902 178,520 39,689 3,764 – New Brunswick 115,036 98,462 21,050 8,899 – 115,973 111,291 13,220 9,016 – Quebec 966,172 413,562 578,347 151,061 8,903 620,475 830,250 91,795 542,433 4,970

Ontario 1,286,791 979,359 56,276 442,340 11,896 1,056,095 1,122,222 456,459 49,734 3,135 Manitoba 134,905 169,013 28,157 66,652 826 161,824 121,041 76,514 26,662 3,297 Saskatchewan 100,747 224,700 16,110 76,126 443 213,385 96,676 93,444 19,648 317 Alberta 121,473 249,067 141,956 35,775 1,255 214,699 97,633 42,305 146,662 686 British Columbia 237,896 172,501 97,846 222,883 4,846 187,389 187,438 212,035 97,396 1,931

Yukon Territory 2,455 2,969 560 – – 3,250 2,664 – – – Northwest Territories 3,659 4,814 – – – 3,519 3,842 – 948 –

Totals for Canada 3,293,790 2,591,614 940,703 1,037,857 30,112 2,868,295 2,874,076 1,036,853 896,574 14,336

Page 1 Series Y75-198. Votes polled in federal elections, by party and province, 1896 to 1974 (continued)

Province Federal general election 1958 Federal general election 1957 Pro- Liberals2 Cooper- Social Labour Others Liberals2 Pro- Cooper- Social Labour Others gressive ative Credit3 Pro- gressive ative Credit3 Pro- Conser- Common- gressive Conser- Common- gressive vative1 wealth Party vative1 wealth Party Federation Federation 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119

Newfoundland 72,282 86,960 240 – – 263 56,993 34,795 321 – – – Prince Edward Island 42,911 25,847 215 – – – 31,162 34,965 680 – – – Nova Scotia 237,422 160,026 18,911 – – – 176,891 197,676 17,117 473 – – New Brunswick 133,935 107,297 4,541 1,711 – – 112,518 114,060 2,001 2,420 – 3,159 Quebec 1,005,120 935,881 45,594 12,858 1,162 23,634 1,116,028 562,133 31,780 3,877 2,377 73,865

Ontario 1,413,730 815,524 262,120 8,386 3,035 1,718 845,308 1,104,366 274,069 38,418 1,432 978 Manitoba 216,948 82,450 74,906 6,753 1,503 – 93,258 124,867 82,398 45,803 1,579 205 Saskatchewan 204,442 78,121 112,800 1,745 458 146 118,282 90,359 140,293 40,830 212 122 Alberta 269,942 61,583 19,666 97,502 1,196 – 119,190 118,225 27,127 162,083 815 212 British Columbia 308,971 100,889 153,405 59,762 2,515 – 121,301 192,988 131,873 143,145 1,345 887 Yukon Territory 3,069 2,340 – – – – 2,422 2,358 – – – – Mackenzie River 2,080 2,782 – – – – 2,686 1,253 – – – –

Totals for Canada 3,910,852 2,459,700 692,398 188,717 9,869 25,761 2,796,039 2,578,045 707,659 437,049 7,760 79,428

Province Federal general election 1953 Federal general election 1949 Liberal2 Pro- Cooper- Social Labour Others Liberal2 Pro- Cooper- Social Union Labour Others gressive ative Credit3 Pro- gressive ative Credit3 des Pro- Conser- Common- gressive Conser- Common- Électeurs gressive vative1 wealth Party vative1 wealth Party Feder- Feder- ation ation 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132

Newfoundland 74,357 31,060 707 – – 4,459 75,235 29,203 197 – – – – Prince Edward Island 33,874 31,836 552 – – – 33,480 32,989 1,626 – – – – Nova Scotia 176,554 133,498 22,357 – 794 – 177,680 126,365 33,333 – – – – New Brunswick 121,936 93,450 6,769 931 – – 123,453 88,049 9,450 – 2,172 – 533 Quebec 1,001,655 455,688 23,833 – 10,819 54,778 984,131 397,803 17,767 – 80,990 4,868 107,741

Ontario 898,692 772,691 212,224 5,427 18,414 7,972 930,719 757,987 306,551 3,225 2,036 13,613 8,043 Manitoba 110,843 73,644 64,402 17,260 6,194 434 153,857 70,689 83,176 – – 6,523 6,666 Saskatchewan 133,493 41,538 156,406 18,810 3,906 – 161,887 53,624 152,399 3,474 – 1,531 – Alberta 118,941 49,450 23,573 138,847 9,155 275 116,647 56,947 31,329 131,007 – 2,201 – British Columbia 145,570 66,426 125,487 123,700 10,340 – 169,018 128,620 145,442 2,109 – 3,887 11,992 Yukon Territory 2,176 590 – 998 – – 3,284 – 1,140 – – – 2,283 Mackenzie River 1,722 1,344 – – – 421 – – – – – – –

Totals for Canada 2,819,813 1,751,215 636,310 305,973 59,622 68,339 2,929,391 1,742,276 782,410 139,815 85,198 32,623 137,258

Province Federal general election 1945 Federal general election 1940 Liberal2 Pro- Cooper- Social Bloc Labour Others Liberal2 Conser- Cooper- New Others gressive ative Credit Populaire Pro- vative5 ative Demo- Conser- Common- gressive Common- crat6 vative1 wealth Party wealth Feder- Feder- ation4 ation 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144

Prince Edward Island 30,696 30,025 2,685 – – – – 34,664 28,028 – – – Nova Scotia 141,911 114,214 51,892 – – 1,800 850 151,731 112,206 17,715 – – New Brunswick 100,939 77,225 14,999 2,300 – – 6,423 97,062 74,970 761 – – Quebec 722,707 138,344 33,729 63,310 168,389 14,641 273,049 868,663 231,851 7,610 11,191 52,182 Ontario 745,571 757,057 260,502 3,906 5,038 36,333 6,560 834,166 687,816 61,166 786 25,480

Manitoba 111,863 80,303 101,892 10,322 – 15,984 2,451 151,480 82,240 61,448 5,831 15,884 Saskatchewan 124,191 70,830 167,233 11,449 – 3,183 – 159,530 52,496 106,267 12,106 40,735 Alberta 67,662 58,077 57,077 113,821 – 14,136 – 102,060 35,116 35,082 93,023 4,062 British Columbia 125,085 128,529 132,068 9,890 – 25,128 7,741 136,065 110,619 103,181 506 12,773 Yukon Territory – 849 584 – – 687 – 793 915 – – –

Totals for Canada 2,170,625 1,455,453 822,661 214,998 173,427 111,892 297,074 2,536,514 1,416,257 393,230 123,443 151,116

Page 1 Series Y75-198. Votes polled in federal elections, by party and province, 1896 to 1974 (continued)

Province Federal general election 1935 Liberal Conser- Recon- Cooper- Social Inde- Com- Others Rejected vative struc- ative Credit pendent munist Ballots tion Common- Liberal wealth Federa- tion 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153

Prince Edward Island 35,757 23,602 2,089 – – – – – 193 Nova Scotia 142,334 87,893 38,175 – – – 5,365 – 1,756 New Brunswick 100,537 56,145 18,408 – – 672 – – 1,723 Quebec 623,579 323,177 103,857 7,326 – 70,504 3,385 14,693 16,341 Ontario 675,803 562,513 181,981 129,457 – 14,459 8,945 21,089 13,997

Manitoba 100,535 75,574 16,439 54,491 5,751 18,973 9,229 – 3,597 Saskatchewan 134,914 71,285 2,273 73,505 63,593 – – – 1,966 Alberta 50,539 40,236 1,785 29,066 111,627 – 2,672 2,588 2,594 British Columbia 91,729 71,034 19,208 97,015 1,796 – 1,555 6,446 3,640 Yukon Territory – – – – – 555 – 696 14

Totals for Canada 1,955,727 1,311,459 384,215 390,860 182,767 105,163 31,151 45,512 45,821

Province Federal general election 1930 Conser- Liberal Pro- Labour Labour Inde- United Farmer Com- vative gressive Pro- pendent Farmers munist gressive of Alberta 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162

Prince Edward Island 29,692 29,698 – – – – – – – Nova Scotia 140,513 127,189 – – – – – – – New Brunswick 109,839 75,221 – – – – – – – Quebec 456,037 542,135 – – – 21,776 – – 313 Ontario 745,414 590,071 12,815 – 992 8,785 – – 1,499

Manitoba 111,312 37,234 – 59,155 19,809 2,018 – – 3,873 Saskatchewan 129,420 153,673 18,178 – – 6,155 – 22,766 – Alberta 67,808 60,148 – – 8,769 2,727 60,924 – – British Columbia 119,074 98,933 – – 15,732 7,894 – – – Yukon Territory 846 558 – – – – – – –

Totals for Canada 1,909,955 1,714,960 30,993 59,155 45,302 49,355 60,924 22,766 5,685

Province Federal general election 1926 Federal general election 1925 Conser- Liberal Pro- Labour Labour Inde- United Rejected Liberal Conser- Pro- Labour Inde- vative gressive Pro- pendent Farmers Ballots vative gressive pendent gressive of Alberta 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175

Prince Edward Island 26,217 29,222 – – – – – 130 25,681 23,799 – – – Nova Scotia 122,965 99,581 – – 6,412 – – 888 92,525 124,545 – 3,617 – New Brunswick 87,080 74,465 – – – – – 1,232 61,161 90,405 – – 84 Quebec 266,824 507,775 – – – 8,787 – 5,909 467,475 273,818 – 1,685 58,588 Ontario 680,742 441,254 50,360 38,112 6,282 5,356 – 4,161 392,039 691,365 108,051 9,552 19,104

Manitoba 83,100 36,242 22,092 38,379 17,194 – – 1,021 34,538 70,264 45,859 18,335 – Saskatchewan 67,524 125,849 38,324 13,413 – – – 1,350 82,810 51,512 62,268 – 1,914 Alberta 49,514 38,451 – – 8,148 163 60,740 977 44,291 51,114 50,592 8,572 6,040 British Columbia 100,066 68,317 – – 11,757 4,330 – 875 63,506 90,032 15,829 11,463 888 Yukon Territory 823 648 – – – – – 11 508 742 – – –

Totals for Canada 1,504,855 1,421,804 110,776 89,904 49,793 18,636 60,740 16,554 1,266,534 1,467,596 282,599 53,224 87,618

Page 1 Series Y75-198. Votes polled in federal elections, by party and province, 1896 to 1974 (concluded)

Province Federal general election 1921 Federal general election 1917 Federal general election 1911 Liberal Conser- Pro- Inde- Unionist Laurier-Liberals Conser- Liberal Other vative gressive pendent Civilian Soldiers Civilian Soldiers vative 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186

Prince Edward Island 23,950 19,504 8,990 – 10,450 2,775 12,224 434 14,638 13,998 – Nova Scotia 136,064 87,988 35,741 – 40,985 10,699 49,831 1,474 55,209 57,462 351 New Brunswick 76,653 61,172 17,447 – 35,871 9,934 32,397 919 38,880 40,192 – Quebec 558,056 163,743 31,790 39,477 61,808 14,206 240,504 2,927 159,299 164,281 459 Ontario 351,717 445,150 329,502 9,003 419,928 95,212 263,300 5,793 269,930 207,078 3,564

Manitoba 29,525 46,486 83,350 13,361 83,469 23,698 26,073 1,157 40,356 34,781 2,559 Saskatchewan 46,447 37,345 136,486 3,610 68,424 12,996 30,829 2,672 34,700 52,924 1,419 Alberta 27,404 35,181 104,295 6,024 60,399 19,575 48,865 1,055 29,675 37,208 2,892 British Columbia 46,249 74,226 21,786 12,739 59,944 26,461 40,050 2,059 25,622 16,350 1,587 Yukon Territory 658 707 – 18 666 293 776 32 1,285 829 –

Totals for Canada 1,296,723 971,502 769,387 84,232 841,944 215,849 744,849 18,522 669,594 625,103 12,831

Province Federal general Federal general Federal general Federal general election 1908 election 1904 election 1900 election 1896 Liberal Conser- Other Liberal Conser- Other Liberal Conser- Other Liberal Conser- Other vative vative vative vative 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198

Prince Edward Island 14,496 14,286 – 14,441 14,986 – 10,887 10,139 – 9,515 9,157 – Nova Scotia 56,638 54,500 – 56,526 46,131 994 54,384 50,810 – 49,176 50,772 737 New Brunswick 40,716 34,935 – 37,158 35,503 138 35,401 32,638 228 28,383 31,399 4,318 Quebec 162,176 115,579 5,377 144,992 111,550 522 133,566 103,253 501 120,321 102,884 1,485 Ontario 217,963 237,548 6,769 219,871 223,627 759 212,595 212,413 2,165 169,480 189,927 62,668

Manitoba 30,892 35,078 2,077 26,713 20,119 1,290 21,597 20,177 – 11,519 15,459 5,906 Saskatchewan 33,885 22,007 3,976

Alberta 23,100 20,433 2,439 } 27,173 7 19,367 7 136 7 13,012 7 10,606 7 – 8,191 7 7,811 7 1,786 7 British Columbia 13,412 17,503 6,453 12,458 9,781 2,945 12,985 10,814 2,652 8,921 9,231 – Yukon Territory 992 265 1,208 1,495 2,113 – – – – – – –

Totals for Canada 594,270 552,134 28,299 540,827 483,177 6,784 494,427 450,790 5,546 405,506 416,640 76,900

1 Includes Independent Progressive Conservative. 2 Includes Independent Liberal. 3 Includes Independent Social Credit. 4 Includes Independent Cooperative Commonwealth Federation. 5 Includes Independent Conservative and National Government. 6 Includes Social Credit. 7 Northwest Territories.

Page 1 Series Y199-210. Members elected in federal elections, by party and province, 1867 to 1974

Year Party Totals New- Prince Nova New Quebec Ontario Mani- Saskat- Alberta British Yukon for found- Edward Scotia Bruns- toba chewan Columbia Territory Canada land Island wick and Northwest Terri- tories 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210

1974 Liberal 141 4 1 2 6 60 55 2 3 – 8 – Progressive Conservative 95 3 3 8 3 3 25 9 8 19 13 1 New Democratic Party 16 – – 1 – – 8 2 2 – 2 1 Social Credit 11 – – – – 11 – – – – – – Independent 1 – – – 1 – – – – – – –

1972 Liberal 109 3 1 1 5 56 36 2 1 – 4 – Progressive Conservative 107 4 3 10 5 2 40 8 7 19 8 1 New Democratic Party 31 – – – – – 11 3 5 – 11 1 Social Credit 15 – – – – 15 – – – – – – Independent 2 – – – – 1 1 – – – – –

1968 Liberal 154 1 – 1 5 56 63 5 2 4 16 1 Progressive Conservative 72 6 4 10 5 4 17 5 5 15 – 1 New Democratic Party 22 – – – – – 6 3 6 – 7 – Ralliement créditiste 14 – – – – 14 – – – – – – Liberal Labour 1 – – – – – 1 – – – – – Independent 1 – – – – – 1 – – – – –

1965 Liberal 131 7 – 2 6 56 51 1 – – 7 1 Progressive Conservative 97 – 4 10 4 8 25 10 17 15 3 1 New Democratic Party 21 – – – – – 9 3 – – 9 – Ralliement créditiste 9 – – – – 9 – – – – – – Social Credit 5 – – – – – – – – 2 3 – Independent 1 – – – – 1 – – – – – – Independent Progressive Conservative 1 – – – – 1 – – – – – –

1963 Liberal 128 7 2 5 6 47 51 2 – 1 7 – Progressive Conservative 95 – 2 7 4 8 27 10 17 14 4 2 New Democratic Party 17 – – – – – 6 2 – – 9 – Social Credit 24 – – – – 20 – – – 2 2 – Liberal Labour 1 – – – – – 1 – – – – –

1962 Progressive Conservative 116 1 4 9 4 14 35 11 16 15 6 1 Liberal 99 6 – 2 6 35 43 1 1 – 4 1 Social Credit 30 – – – – 26 – – – 2 2 – New Democratic Party 19 – – 1 – – 6 2 – – 10 – Liberal Labour 1 – – – – – 1 – – – – –

1958 Progressive Conservative 208 2 4 12 7 50 67 14 16 17 18 1 Liberal 48 5 – – 3 25 14 – – – – 1 Cooperative Commonwealth Federation 8 – – – – – 3 – 1 – 4 – Liberal Labour 1 – – – – – 1 – – – – –

1957 Progressive Conservative 112 2 4 10 5 9 61 8 3 3 7 – Liberal 105 5 – 2 5 63 20 1 4 1 2 2 Independent Liberal 1 – – – – 1 – – – – – – Cooperative Commonwealth Federation 25 – – – – – 3 5 10 – 7 – Social Credit 19 – – – – – – – – 13 6 – Liberal Labour 1 – – – – – 1 – – – – – Independent 2 – – – – 2 – – – – – –

1953 Liberal 170 7 3 10 7 66 50 8 5 4 8 2 Independent Liberal 2 – – – – 2 – – – – – – Progressive Conservative 51 – 1 1 3 4 33 3 1 2 3 – Cooperative Commonwealth Federation 23 – – 1 – – 1 3 11 – 7 – Social Credit 15 – – – – – – – – 11 4 – Independent 3 – – – – 3 – – – – – – Liberal Labour 1 – – – – – 1 – – – – –

1949 Liberal 190 5 3 10 7 66 56 12 14 5 11 1 Independent Liberal 3 – – – 1 1 1 – – – – – Progressive Conservative 41 2 1 2 2 2 25 1 1 2 3 – Cooperative Commonwealth Federation 13 – – 1 – – 1 3 5 – 3 – Social Credit 10 – – – – – – – – 10 – – Independent 5 – – – – 4 – – – – 1 –

1945 Liberal 125 – 3 8 7 54 34 10 2 2 5 – Independent Liberal 2 – – – – 2 – – – – – – Progressive Conservative 67 – 1 3 3 1 48 2 1 2 5 1 Independent Conserative 1 – – – – 1 – – – – – – Cooperative Commonwealth Federation 28 – – 1 – – – 5 18 – 4 – Independent Cooperative Commonwealth Federation 1 – – – 1 – – – – – – – Social Credit 13 – – – – – – – – 13 – – Independent 5 – – – – 4 – – – – 1 – Bloc Populaire 2 – – – – 2 – – – – – – Labour Progressive Party 1 – – – – 1 – – – – – –

1940 Liberal 178 – 4 10 5 61 55 14 12 7 10 – Independent Liberal 3 – – – – 3 – – – – – – Conservative 39 – – 1 5 – 25 1 2 – 4 1 Independent Conservative 1 – – – – 1 – – – – – – Social Credit 10 – – – – – – – – 10 – Cooperative Commonwealth Federation 8 – – 1 – – – 1 5 – 1 – Liberal Progressive 3 – – – – – 2 1 – – – – Independent 1 – – – – – – – – – 1 – Unity 2 – – – – – – – 2 – – –

1935 Liberal 171 – 4 12 9 55 56 12 16 1 6 – Independent Liberal 5 – – – – 5 – – – – – – Conservative 39 – – – 1 5 25 1 1 1 5 1 Independent Conservative 1 – – – – – – – – – – – Social Credit 17 – – – – – – – 2 15 – – Cooperative Commonwealth Federation 7 – – – – – – 2 2 – 3 – Liberal Progressive 2 – – – – – – 2 – – – Reconstruction 1 – – – – – – – – – 1 – Independent 1 – – – – – – – – – 1 – United Farmers of Ontario – Labour 1 – – – – – 1 – – – – –

1930 Conservative 137 – 3 10 10 24 59 11 8 4 7 1 Liberal 88 – 1 4 1 40 22 1 11 3 5 – United Farmers 10 – – – – – 1 – – 9 – – Progressive 2 – – – – – – – 2 – – – Liberal Progressive 3 – – – – – – 3 – – – – Labour 2 – – – – – – 2 – – – – Independent Labour 1 – – – – – – – – – 1 – Independent 2 – – – – 1 – – – – 1 –

1926 Liberal 116 – 3 2 4 60 23 4 16 3 1 – Conservative 91 – 1 12 7 4 53 – – 1 12 1 United Farmers of Alberta 11 – – – – – – – – 11 – – Progressive 13 – – – – – 4 4 5 – – – Liberal Progressive 9 – – – – – 2 7 – – – – Labour 3 – – – – – – 2 – 1 – – Independent 2 – – – – 1 – – – – 1 –

1925 Liberal 101 – 2 3 1 60 12 1 15 4 3 – Conservative 116 – 2 11 10 4 68 7 – 3 10 1 Progressive 24 – – – – – 2 7 6 9 – – Labour 2 – – – – – – 2 – – – – Independent 2 – – – – 1 – – – – 1 –

1921 Liberal 117 – 4 16 5 65 21 2 1 – 3 – Conservative 50 – – – 5 – 37 – – – 7 1 Progressive 64 – – – 1 – 24 12 15 10 2 – Labour 3 – – – – – – 1 – 2 – – Independent 1 – – – – – – – – – 1 –

1917 Unionist 153 – 2 12 7 3 74 14 16 11 13 1 Liberal 82 – 2 4 4 62 8 1 – 1 – –

1911 Conservative 133 – 2 9 5 27 72 8 1 1 7 1 Liberal 86 – 2 9 8 37 13 2 9 6 – – Independent 2 – – – – 1 1 – – – – –

1908 Liberal 133 – 3 12 11 53 36 2 9 4 2 1 Conservative 85 – 1 6 2 11 48 8 1 3 5 – Independent 3 – – – – 1 2 – – – – –

1904 Liberal 139 – 1 18 7 54 38 7 – – 7 7 Conservative 75 – 3 – 6 11 48 3 – – – 4

1900 Liberal 128 – 3 15 9 56 35 2 – – 3 5 Conservative 78 – 2 5 5 7 54 3 – – 3 – Other (no details) 8 – – – – – – – – – – –

1896 Liberal 117 – 2 10 5 49 43 2 – – 4 2 Conservative 89 – 3 10 9 16 44 4 – – 2 1 Independent 7 – – – – – 5 1 – – – 1

1891 Conservative 123 – 2 16 13 30 48 4 – – 6 4 Liberal 92 – 4 5 3 35 44 1 – – – –

1887 Conservative 123 – – 14 10 33 52 4 – – 6 4 Liberal 92 – 6 7 6 32 40 1 – – – –

1882 Conservative 139 – 4 15 10 48 54 2 – – 6 – Liberal 71 – 2 6 6 17 37 3 – – – –

1878 Conservative 137 – 5 14 5 45 59 3 – – 6 – Liberal 69 – 1 7 11 20 29 1 – – – –

1874 Liberal 133 – 6 17 11 33 64 2 – – – – Conservative 73 – – 4 5 32 24 2 – – 6 –

1872 Conservative 103 – – 11 7 38 38 3 – – 6 – Liberal 97 – – 10 9 27 50 1 – – – –

1867 Conservative 101 – – 3 7 45 46 – – – – – Liberal 80 – – 16 8 20 36 – – – – –

Page 1 Series Y211-259. Federal government employment, by department, branch and service, 1900 to 1977

1 Year Totals Agri- Auditor Chief Citizenship Communi- Consumer Defence Energy, Environ- External Finance Fisheries for culture General Electoral and cation and Production Mines ment Affairs Canada Officer Immi- Corporate and gration Affairs Resources 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223

Federal government employees – Statistics Canada 1977 338,114 11,419 407 37 – 2,756 2,667 – 4,487 12,652 6,629 1,493 – 1976 322,626 10,937 354 35 – 2,619 2,549 – 4,206 11,752 6,562 785 –

2 1975 307,390 10,137 316 42 – 2,409 2,496 – 4,074 11,303 6,382 730 – 1974 300,342 10,528 286 30 – 2,173 2,231 – 3,947 11,508 6,148 654 – 2 1973 287,055 10,566 291 45 – 1,737 2,161 – 3,727 10,936 5,771 605 – 1972 273,537 10,292 278 28 – 1,537 1,944 – 4,293 10,269 5,286 518 – 1971 250,672 9,587 238 37 – 1,242 1,660 – 5,538 – 3,885 476 –

1970 244,197 9,026 206 21 – 838 1,462 – 5,330 – 3,904 397 – 2 1969 232,862 9,319 207 22 – – 1,370 4,481 4,873 – 3,284 5,893 4,917 2 1968 235,492 9,928 193 18 – – 730 4,459 4,552 – 3,418 5,878 4,365 2 1967 225,342 9,782 202 29 – – – 4,686 4,086 – 3,208 5,323 2,531 2 1966 212,646 9,559 196 18 6,613 – – 4,290 3,592 – 2,838 5,367 2,344

2 1965 203,419 9,247 178 26 5,407 – – 3,736 3,036 – 2,710 5,156 2,202 2 1964 201,610 9,034 156 17 4,711 – – 1,613 3,217 – 2,451 5,031 2,111 1963 198,821 9,089 154 19 5,009 – – 1,506 2,861 – 2,322 5,113 2,219 1962 205,553 9,285 152 18 5,143 – – 1,517 2,821 – 2,294 5,327 2,071 1961 202,807 8,712 135 19 5,058 – – 1,432 2,671 – 2,121 5,301 2,094

1960 195,630 8,025 130 17 4,898 – – 1,449 2,355 – 2,015 5,285 1,969 1959 197,909 8,135 133 16 4,407 – – 1,432 2,734 – 1,963 5,291 1,989 1958 195,390 7,760 133 89 4,596 – – 1,427 2,126 – 1,954 5,340 1,768 3 1957 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1956 182,835 7,444 129 17 3,899 – – 1,456 2,349 – 1,594 4,874 1,925

1955 181,582 7,679 140 18 3,855 – – 1,455 1,982 – 1,548 5,126 1,875 1954 171,065 7,544 141 20 3,462 – – 1,522 1,919 – 1,474 5,176 1,847 1953 165,161 7,320 145 22 3,435 – – 1,678 1,703 – 1,395 5,157 1,875 1952 131,646 6,888 158 21 3,095 – – 1,488 1,746 – 1,339 4,959 1,031 1951 124,580 7,078 163 14 2,917 – – – 1,720 – 1,353 5,135 962

1950 127,196 6,667 169 13 2,657 – – – 1,661 – 1,311 5,874 883 1949 123,924 5,914 173 19 – – – 408 5,187 – 1,238 6,664 569 1948 118,370 5,381 173 10 – – – 329 4,211 – 1,058 6,774 533 1947 125,337 3,833 198 12 – – – 986 3,842 – 893 10,839 350 1946 120,557 3,535 247 12 – – – 1,925 4,361 – 764 14,860 361

1945 115,908 3,195 263 12 – – – 3,835 3,694 – 685 12,772 374 1944 112,658 3,326 262 9 – – – 4,027 3,601 – 576 12,707 364 1943 104,055 3,303 269 10 – – – 4,303 3,517 – 499 10,828 318 1942 83,781 3,202 359 38 – – – 3,219 3,307 – 376 6,673 332 1941 66,937 3,110 292 16 – – – 1,244 3,278 – 298 3,347 289

1940 49,656 3,362 280 38 – – – – 3,177 – 225 2,103 312 1939 46,106 3,122 231 15 – – – – 3,147 – 199 1,432 325 1938 44,143 2,926 226 5 – – – – 3,106 – 191 1,475 301 1937 42,836 2,633 220 6 – – – – 3,124 – 174 1,409 309 1936 41,001 2,344 233 14 615 – – – 456 – 178 1,399 320

1935 40,709 2,280 221 13 635 – – – 368 – 165 1,466 339 1934 40,401 2,176 212 3 647 – – – 354 – 165 1,466 310 1933 41,901 2,292 214 3 722 – – – 373 – 165 526 349 1932 44,002 2,385 220 4 781 – – – 394 – 165 536 362 1931 45,581 2,247 211 7 883 – – – 532 – 160 405 382

1930 44,175 2,113 205 10 955 – – – 383 – 159 419 381 1929 42,790 1,962 202 4 924 – – – 361 – 148 414 – 1928 41,243 1,846 202 5 887 – – – 343 – 134 421 – 1927 39,592 1,758 206 12 869 – – – 310 – 114 409 – 1926 39,154 1,698 214 12 884 – – – 317 – 107 416 –

1925 38,883 1,514 196 4 928 – – – 310 – 108 444 – 1924 40,068 1,538 211 4 1,119 – – – 298 – 114 503 –

Civil service personnel in the month of January – Statistics Canada 1924 38,062 1,597 209 4 840 – – – 296 – 104 546 – 1923 38,992 1,481 199 6 747 – – – 282 – 109 589 – 1922 41,094 1,370 205 39 713 – – – 276 – 110 479 – 1921 41,957 1,224 195 8 706 – – – 259 – 136 534 –

1920 47,133 1,171 158 – 607 – – – 275 – 144 656 – 1919 41,825 1,171 142 – 709 – – – 276 – 156 713 – 1918 38,369 1,230 150 – 824 – – – 267 – 87 803 – 1917 32,435 1,174 142 – 674 – – – 303 – 70 248 – 1916 29,219 1,080 111 – 728 – – – 260 – 58 176 –

1915 28,010 1,027 95 – 718 – – – 224 – 46 138 – 1914 25,107 870 97 – 663 – – – 195 – 38 122 – 1913 22,621 851 96 – 564 – – – 182 – 36 113 – 1912 20,016 738 83 – 476 – – – 148 – 31 113 –

Civil service employees – Parliamentary return 1915 – 1,264 101 2 109 – – – 255 – 21 129 – 1914 – 1,181 102 3 100 – – – 221 – 18 120 – 1913 – 1,128 88 12 96 – – – 200 – 14 121 – 1912 – 1,326 92 23 82 – – – 170 – 11 121 – 1911 – 1,001 87 – 83 – – – 150 – 10 121 –

1910 – 949 85 – 74 – – – 115 – 9 110 – 1909 – 960 93 – 76 – – – 104 – 6 111 – 1908 – 799 72 – 61 – – – 108 – – 114 – 1907 – 576 71 – 57 – – – 73 – – 109 – 1906 – 548 72 – 47 – – – 57 – – 110 –

1905 – 652 74 – 33 – – – 62 – – 105 – 1904 – 646 58 – 33 – – – 59 – – 98 – 1903 – 702 54 – 26 – – – 54 – – 90 – 1902 – 713 48 – 21 – – – 54 – – 80 – 1901 – 770 44 – 18 – – – 53 – – 74 –

1900 – 471 42 – 14 – – – 51 – – – –

Page 1 Series Y211-259. Federal government employment, by department, branch and service, 1900 to 1977 (continued)

Year1 Forestry Governor Indian Indian Industry, Insurance Interior Justice Labour Legis- Man- National National General Affairs Affairs Trade lation power Defence Film and and and and Board Lieutenant- Northern Commerce Immi- Governors Develop- gration ment 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236

Federal government employees – Statistics Canada 1977 – 89 – 11,912 2,876 186 – 1,822 814 3,030 14,193 41,767 891 1976 – 88 – 11,029 2,840 185 – 1,755 823 3,155 14,005 38,653 842

19752 – 78 – 10,610 2,834 183 – 1,678 1,518 2,850 13,248 37,290 842 1974 – 82 – 11,269 2,630 161 – 1,474 1,395 2,624 13,274 40,862 866 19732 – 50 – 11,916 2,529 154 – 884 781 2,253 11,337 38,390 1,030 1972 – 97 – 10,290 2,286 153 – 770 778 1,894 10,048 42,484 969 1971 – 41 – 8,734 2,749 152 – 594 703 1,565 9,282 37,757 961

1970 – 34 – 8,779 2,588 133 – 488 849 1,454 9,046 39,027 1,120 19692 2,094 59 – 6,975 2,539 124 – 426 751 1,379 8,534 39,308 1,086 19682 1,848 57 – 6,138 – 122 – 372 654 1,356 8,811 44,353 1,060 19672 1,715 60 – 6,826 – 116 – 328 670 1,318 7,624 42,791 983 19662 1,255 29 – – – 104 – 4,206 859 1,260 – 44,049 908

19652 1,194 19 – – – 103 – 3,452 710 1,074 – 44,462 867 19642 1,175 17 – – – 100 – 3,395 663 1,016 – 47,690 785 1963 1,055 16 – – – 99 – 3,224 610 518 – 48,590 740 1962 1,146 16 – – – 102 – 2,880 637 961 – 52,139 777 1961 7 17 – – – 95 – 2,840 602 944 – 52,813 743

1960 – 15 – – – 91 – 2,527 598 955 – 52,117 761 1959 – 13 – – – 94 – 2,366 625 925 – 54,267 756 1958 – 13 – – – 89 – 2,183 625 521 – 55,223 732 19573 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1956 – 24 – – – 93 – 2,186 598 880 – 54,805 616

1955 – 24 – – – 92 – 2,286 602 873 – 53,909 591 1954 – 24 – – – 94 – 2,263 650 897 – 45,718 553 1953 – 28 – – – 94 – 2,148 633 877 – 42,820 558 1952 – 13 – – – 83 – 1,714 601 855 – 24,175 579 1951 – 10 – – – 82 – 1,713 635 857 – 17,757 565

1950 – 10 – – – 72 – 1,556 645 843 – 16,847 596 1949 – 10 – – – 63 – 1,434 620 822 – 16,904 547 1948 – 12 – – – 59 – 1,326 620 720 – 15,039 598 1947 – 11 – – – 54 – 1,239 835 711 – 18,670 – 1946 – 10 – – – 53 – 1,113 1,359 741 – 19,273 –

1945 – 10 – – – 49 – 1,032 2,720 616 – 28,137 – 1944 – 10 – – – 47 – 996 2,637 646 – 30,801 476 1943 – 10 – – – 47 – 975 644 696 – 31,047 377 1942 – 12 – – – 49 – 1,048 356 687 – 22,921 49 1941 – 13 – – – 53 – 1,086 355 716 – 1,079 –

1940 – 11 – – – 53 – 1,115 303 328 – 3,592 – 1939 – 14 – – – 53 – 1,091 244 688 – 1,424 – 1938 – 12 – – – 54 – 1,044 244 736 – 1,306 – 1937 – 12 – – – 49 – 1,016 238 690 – 1,336 – 1936 – 12 1,029 – – 50 945 1,049 200 649 – 1,143 –

1935 – 11 1,072 – – 49 947 1,093 176 727 – 1,096 – 1934 – 10 1,020 – – 47 969 1,064 164 701 – 1,103 – 1933 – 10 1,056 – – 45 1,010 1,091 170 627 – 1,256 – 1932 – 10 1,077 – – 43 1,125 874 197 605 – 1,352 – 1931 – 10 1,074 – – 42 2,037 819 143 750 – 1,358 –

1930 – 10 1,035 – – 40 2,415 707 141 602 – 1,244 – 1929 – 10 988 – – 40 2,323 679 137 652 – 1,206 – 1928 – 11 934 – – 38 2,229 675 125 657 – 1,163 – 1927 – 12 929 – – 36 2,132 647 109 645 – 1,123 – 1926 – 12 912 – – 34 2,068 621 102 639 – 1,113 –

1925 – 12 896 – – 35 2,048 614 99 632 – 1,088 – 1924 – 12 858 – – 35 2,092 600 96 626 – 1,110 –

Civil service personnel in the month of January – Statistics Canada 1924 – 12 794 – – 34 2,052 599 94 231 – 1,304 – 1923 – 13 784 – – 35 2,153 592 123 228 – 1,538 – 1922 – 15 784 – – 32 2,179 562 146 224 – 2,398 – 1921 – 13 775 – – 31 2,008 499 139 218 – 2,685 –

1920 – 14 787 – – 29 1,975 494 154 184 – 5,547 – 1919 – 13 788 – – 27 1,904 454 238 136 – 7,392 – 1918 – 12 711 – – 22 1,896 469 67 140 – 5,771 – 1917 – 11 847 – – 21 1,861 504 45 227 – 4,143 – 1916 – 12 843 – – 19 1,888 512 45 50 – 2,708 –

1915 – 12 803 – – 18 1,765 504 44 52 – 1,747 – 1914 – 11 787 – – 20 1,532 467 43 56 – 919 – 1913 – 11 731 – – 18 1,386 443 35 54 – 841 – 1912 – 11 659 – – 16 1,270 419 30 50 – 725 –

Civil service employees – Parliamentary return 1915 – – 90 – – 25 976 540 44 – – 128 – 1914 – – 93 – – 23 909 531 42 – – 130 – 1913 – – 78 – – 19 806 507 33 – – 125 – 1912 – – 78 – – 17 720 477 27 – – 112 – 1911 – – 78 – – 17 701 414 24 – – 103 –

1910 – – 76 – – 14 666 387 21 – – 94 – 1909 – – 72 – – 12 663 387 17 – – 96 – 1908 – – 64 – – 11 578 400 14 – – 99 – 1907 – – 63 – – 10 468 385 13 – – 44 – 1906 – – 63 – – 9 403 360 11 – – 39 –

1905 – – 56 – – 9 360 347 11 – – 39 – 1904 – – 56 – – 6 335 366 11 – – 36 – 1903 – – 56 – – 6 274 341 11 – – 34 – 1902 – – 52 – – 6 231 341 9 – – 36 – 1901 – – 52 – – 8 206 338 10 – – 32 –

1900 – – 52 – – – 194 – – – – 32 –

Page 1 Series Y211-259. Federal government employment, by department, branch and service, 1900 to 1977 (continued)

Year1 National National National Northern Post Privy Public Public Public Public Regional Royal Science Health Research Revenue Affairs Office Council Archives Printing Service Works Economic Canadian and and Council and and and Commis- Expansion Mounted Tech- Welfare National National Statio- sion Police nology Resources Library nery 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249

Federal government employees – Statistics Canada 1977 11,112 3,049 27,374 – 65,907 923 1,197 – 3,984 9,694 1,840 19,525 207 1976 11,361 2,957 27,625 – 60,718 820 1,186 – 3,805 9,094 1,934 18,815 188

19752 10,358 3,402 27,012 – 55,591 796 1,130 – 2,886 9,031 1,813 17,926 191 1974 9,853 3,402 25,856 – 51,832 744 944 – 2,901 8,287 1,576 16,419 204 19732 9,623 3,649 24,627 – 47,996 666 970 – 2,433 7,911 1,822 15,236 157 1972 8,765 3,473 21,322 – 46,102 745 885 – 1,790 8,308 1,856 14,667 – 1971 8,495 3,428 19,848 – 43,891 616 639 – 1,391 8,169 1,652 13,600 –

1970 7,614 3,408 18,967 – 45,482 626 543 – 1,342 8,384 1,485 12,253 – 19692 7,348 3,576 18,676 – 40,926 558 469 202 1,021 8,367 – 12,872 – 19682 7,205 3,633 18,504 – 39,026 528 456 233 990 7,974 – 12,469 – 19672 5,789 3,515 18,142 – 37,262 406 390 212 1,101 8,471 – 11,513 – 19662 5,612 3,415 16,597 8,702 29,785 389 336 189 961 8,697 – 9,327 –

19652 5,112 3,264 15,650 4,308 28,483 313 276 169 824 8,998 – 8,877 – 19642 4,860 3,131 15,233 4,321 28,054 276 204 1,682 720 8,341 – 8,597 – 1963 4,861 3,128 14,421 4,350 27,411 273 183 1,717 680 8,215 – 8,491 – 1962 5,206 3,214 14,396 5,300 27,040 228 173 1,779 714 8,759 – 8,127 – 1961 4,834 3,086 14,220 5,923 26,322 196 155 1,873 678 8,517 – 7,804 –

1960 4,569 2,992 15,367 3,618 25,706 165 143 1,775 656 8,352 – 7,479 – 1959 4,567 2,905 14,967 5,164 24,739 135 141 1,776 647 8,494 – 7,281 – 1958 4,422 2,809 15,258 4,659 24,245 113 134 1,674 639 8,077 – 6,915 – 19573 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1956 4,077 2,577 14,657 2,548 21,827 91 99 1,453 585 7,718 – 6,232 –

1955 3,926 2,517 14,707 2,733 21,320 107 83 1,390 595 7,870 – 6,236 – 1954 3,737 2,415 14,058 2,335 19,789 103 78 1,295 570 7,797 – 6,112 – 1953 3,727 2,268 13,439 2,402 19,298 106 79 1,199 578 7,595 – 5,969 – 1952 3,239 2,052 12,540 1,671 19,510 90 67 1,132 544 7,183 – 828 – 1951 2,954 1,898 13,205 1,689 19,478 85 65 1,041 536 7,231 – 622 –

1950 2,801 1,701 16,715 1,570 19,096 87 61 991 580 6,954 – 568 – 1949 2,585 1,531 17,480 – 18,049 72 55 856 572 6,547 – 490 – 1948 2,346 1,550 16,030 – 17,105 68 54 786 532 6,574 – 463 – 1947 2,517 2,246 12,423 – 16,499 43 57 783 618 6,341 – 422 – 1946 1,830 1,379 11,771 – 15,256 43 52 771 684 6,184 – 459 –

1945 1,302 1,385 10,706 – 13,770 44 50 794 560 5,845 – 499 – 1944 4,998 1,232 9,285 – 13,105 51 50 824 591 5,694 – 425 – 1943 4,038 1,135 7,949 – 12,622 32 51 817 568 5,378 – 389 – 1942 3,371 792 6,657 – 12,809 23 53 766 453 4,858 – 323 – 1941 2,980 585 5,904 – 13,160 24 55 709 364 4,538 – 251 –

1940 2,578 310 5,700 – 12,857 23 69 665 277 4,250 – 127 – 1939 2,335 226 5,706 – 12,518 19 67 652 235 4,124 – 86 – 1938 2,288 185 5,784 – 12,122 18 74 635 230 4,027 – 100 – 1937 2,354 171 5,521 – 11,649 18 69 622 195 3,860 – 108 – 1936 2,290 144 5,454 – 10,847 17 77 617 147 3,682 – 114 –

1935 2,264 129 5,374 – 10,780 17 77 627 133 3,620 – 126 – 1934 2,266 126 5,360 – 10,842 19 76 601 124 3,594 – 161 – 1933 2,711 – 5,654 – 11,140 18 80 692 137 3,794 – 200 – 1932 2,750 – 6,260 – 11,676 18 81 709 155 3,950 – 88 – 1931 2,848 – 6,309 – 11,961 18 83 721 176 4,050 – 78 –

1930 2,518 – 6,131 – 11,739 20 83 715 173 4,030 – 70 – 1929 2,332 – 5,935 – 11,515 20 83 714 157 4,003 – 58 – 1928 2,289 – 5,771 – 10,871 21 83 696 144 3,933 – 48 – 1927 2,261 – 5,252 – 10,455 21 78 690 143 3,836 – 47 – 1926 2,452 – 5,137 – 10,240 21 79 689 138 3,897 – 47 –

1925 2,723 – 5,037 – 10,254 21 76 686 146 3,160 – 41 – 1924 3,156 – 5,101 – 10,259 20 84 715 155 3,326 – 40 –

Civil service personnel in the month of January – Statistics Canada 1924 3,408 – 5,136 – 10,213 19 81 688 172 3,004 – 41 – 1923 4,130 – 5,241 – 10,068 20 81 663 176 2,970 – 36 – 1922 5,194 – 5,308 – 10,007 18 79 729 219 3,020 – 35 – 1921 6,573 – 5,269 – 9,950 21 80 702 217 3,030 – 21 –

1920 9,466 – 4,719 – 9,740 25 80 1,142 118 3,103 – 15 – 1919 3,876 – 4,376 – 10,002 27 76 1,192 52 3,015 – 12 – 1918 3,852 – 4,525 – 9,084 29 78 1,260 13 2,189 – 10 – 1917 648 – 4,294 – 8,729 26 76 1,165 12 2,085 – 10 – 1916 47 – 4,225 – 8,057 27 76 1,150 14 2,007 – 10 –

1915 – – 4,144 – 7,849 25 74 1,106 13 1,911 – 12 – 1914 – – 4,037 – 7,171 21 62 989 14 1,708 – 12 – 1913 – – 3,651 – 5,919 27 59 915 11 1,554 – 11 – 1912 – – 3,214 – 5,082 20 – 862 11 1,481 – 11 –

Civil service employees – Parliamentary return 1915 – – 4,274 – 694 30 – 42 16 326 – 11 – 1914 – – 4,194 – 727 28 – 42 16 285 – 12 – 1913 – – 3,884 – 638 22 – 48 16 251 – 10 – 1912 – – 3,464 – 596 28 – 54 14 234 – 11 – 1911 – – 3,051 – 504 24 – 58 13 232 – 11 –

1910 – – 2,923 – 497 23 – 70 10 233 – 10 – 1909 – – 2,827 – 475 29 – 70 9 208 – 7 – 1908 – – 2,749 – 370 37 – 34 5 203 – 10 – 1907 – – 2,560 – 347 30 – 30 – 178 – 10 – 1906 – – 2,454 – 329 31 – 33 – 155 – 9 –

1905 – – 2,382 – 310 30 – 32 – 146 – 9 – 1904 – – 2,314 – 326 32 – 30 – 159 – 8 – 1903 – – 2,214 – 283 30 – 27 – 137 – 6 – 1902 – – 2,130 – 271 33 – 27 – 132 – 6 – 1901 – – 2,140 – 246 31 – 27 – 108 – 6 –

1900 – – 2,087 – 246 30 – 26 – – – 6 – Page 1 Series Y211-259. Federal government employment, by department, branch and service, 1900 to 1977 (concluded)

Year1 Secre- Solicitor Statistics Supply Trade Transport Treasury Unem- Urban Veterans tary General Canada and and Board ployment Affairs Affairs of Services Commerce Insurance State Commis- sion 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259

Federal government employees – Statistics Canada 1977 4,493 10,132 5,687 10,627 – 22,064 924 10,877 193 8,178 1976 4,550 9,333 5,365 10,402 – 21,086 820 10,891 304 8,198

19752 4,399 8,172 5,746 10,135 – 20,306 764 10,251 295 8,132 1974 3,075 7,405 5,092 9,714 – 19,071 656 11,030 223 9,916 19732 3,252 6,440 5,750 9,993 – 17,400 629 12,517 183 10,588 1972 2,437 5,524 5,119 9,569 – 17,416 557 9,740 77 10,971 1971 1,986 5,149 5,357 9,007 – 18,696 504 7,153 – 10,973

1970 1,570 4,832 4,886 9,268 – 17,556 435 5,361 – 11,118 19692 1,260 4,625 3,790 – – 16,645 467 5,218 – 11,277 19682 1,086 4,478 3,971 – 3,359 17,062 432 5,584 – 11,876 19672 1,699 4,228 2,860 – 2,860 16,426 211 5,931 – 12,010 19662 1,221 – – – 5,191 15,471 – 5,883 – 13,353

19652 985 – – – 4,585 14,832 – 10,249 – 12,884 19642 748 – – – 3,973 14,617 – 10,657 – 12,984 1963 738 – – – 3,852 14,189 – 10,078 – 13,090 1962 745 – – – 3,791 14,622 – 10,737 – 13,436 1961 736 – – – 4,492 14,033 – 10,831 – 13,503

1960 731 – – – 4,262 12,939 – 10,343 – 13,326 1959 712 – – – 4,194 13,387 – 10,106 – 13,548 1958 671 – – – 4,014 13,607 – 10,058 – 13,516 19573 – – – – – – – – – – 1956 592 – – – 3,665 12,166 – 8,754 – 12,905

1955 628 – – – 3,685 11,482 – 8,766 – 13,483 1954 608 – – – 3,699 12,298 – 8,881 – 13,986 1953 594 – – – 3,924 11,546 – 8,330 – 14,218 1952 579 – – – 3,686 9,073 – 6,885 – 13,822 1951 588 – – – 3,720 9,301 – 7,051 – 14,155

1950 608 – – – 3,748 9,682 – 7,148 – 15,082 1949 557 – – – 3,401 8,721 – 6,957 – 15,479 1948 528 – – – 3,500 8,000 – 7,140 – 16,851 1947 470 – – – 3,318 7,536 – 8,493 – 21,098 1946 457 – – – 2,907 7,432 – 8,477 – 14,241

1945 387 – – – 2,620 6,797 – 6,392 – 7,364 1944 361 – – – 2,657 6,833 – 5,728 – 339 1943 365 – – – 2,755 6,363 – 4,097 – 253 1942 426 – – – 3,302 5,705 – 1,360 – 255 1941 434 – – – 1,839 5,604 – – – 258

1940 421 – – – 1,801 5,414 – – – 265 1939 346 – – – 1,794 5,710 – – – 303 1938 324 – – – 1,607 4,816 – – – 307 1937 312 – – – 1,867 4,549 – – – 325 1936 294 – – – 1,685 4,662 – – – 335

1935 208 – – – 1,682 4,678 – – – 336 1934 196 – – – 1,756 4,526 – – – 343 1933 212 – – – 2,065 4,919 – – – 370 1932 214 – – – 2,632 4,970 – – – 369 1931 220 – – – 1,870 5,683 – – – 504

1930 216 – – – 1,675 5,458 – – – 528 1929 206 – – – 1,497 5,682 – – – 538 1928 197 – – – 1,363 5,611 – – – 546 1927 188 – – – 1,341 5,473 – – – 496 1926 188 – – – 1,112 5,516 – – – 489

1925 182 – – – 1,037 6,018 – – – 514 1924 195 – – – 1,236 5,956 – – – 609

Civil service personnel in the month of January – Statistics Canada 1924 236 – – – 1,403 4,327 – – – 618 1923 246 – – – 1,426 4,364 – – – 692 1922 247 – – – 1,487 4,449 – – – 770 1921 221 – – – 1,068 4,239 – – – 1,136

1920 177 – – – 1,021 4,157 – – – 1,175 1919 82 – – – 931 3,997 – – – 68 1918 77 – – – 695 4,106 – – – 2 1917 75 – – – 694 4,351 – – – – 1916 68 – – – 499 4,549 – – – –

1915 51 – – – 463 5,169 – – – – 1914 52 – – – 437 4,784 – – – – 1913 45 – – – 463 4,605 – – – – 1912 38 – – – 293 4,235 – – – –

Civil service employees – Parliamentary return 1915 55 – – – 249 341 – – – – 1914 51 – – – 292 347 – – – – 1913 47 – – – 338 334 – – – – 1912 39 – – – 418 320 – – – – 1911 34 – – – 147 301 – – – –

1910 35 – – – 145 311 – – – – 1909 34 – – – 121 251 – – – – 1908 34 – – – 104 164 – – – – 1907 34 – – – 101 153 – – – – 1906 32 – – – 90 136 – – – –

1905 30 – – – 71 135 – – – – 1904 32 – – – 76 134 – – – – 1903 32 – – – 66 119 – – – – 1902 31 – – – 45 118 – – – – 1901 31 – – – 17 119 – – – –

1900 32 – – – 13 48 – – – –

1 Data for 1924 to 1977 are for 31 March. 2 For some government organizations figures have been omitted as they are too small to be identified separately, but have been included in all totals. These figures were: 1975, 34; 1973, 50; 1969, 26; 1968, 42; 1967, 38; 1966, 30; 1965, 31; 1964, 30. 3 No separate tabulation available.

Page 1 Series Y260-263. Representation of the Government of Canada abroad, 1867 to 1977

Year Total Place of representation Year Status of representative number credentials at 30 June 1978 of places presented where represented 260 261 262 263

Regular diplomatic representation 1977, 31 December 145 Bahamas 1972 High Commissioner1 Bahrein 1974 Ambassador1 Bangladesh 1972 High Commissioner Belize 1976 Commissioner1 Bermuda 1976 Commissioner1

Cape Verde Islands 1976 Ambassador1 Comores (Islands) 1977 Ambassador1 Djibouti 1977 Ambassador1 German Democratic Republic 1977 Ambassador1 Grenada 1974 High Commissioner1

Guinea-Bissau 1974 Ambassador1 Hong Kong 1971 Commissioner Liberia 1971 Ambassador1 Malawi 1973 High Commissioner1 Mauritius 1970 High Commissioner1

Mongolia 1974 Ambassador Mozambique 1977 Ambassador1 Oman 1974 Ambassador1 Papua New Guinea 1975 High Commissioner1 Philippines2 1973 Ambassador

Qatar 1974 Ambassador1 Saudi Arabia 1973 Ambassador Seychelles 1976 High Commissioner1 Suriname, Republic of 1975 Ambassador1 Tonga 1975 High Commissioner1

United Arab Emirates 1974 Ambassador1 Viet-Nam, Socialist Republic of3 1973 Ambassador1 Western Samoa 1975 High Commissioner1 Yemen Arab Republic 1975 Ambassador1 Yemen, People's Democratic Republic of 1976 Ambassador1

1970, 31 December 115 Afghanistan 1964 Ambassador1 Algeria 1965 Ambassador Barbados 1966 High Commissioner Benin, People's Republic of (formerly Dahomey) 1962 Ambassador1 Bolivia 1961 Ambassador1

Botswana 1968 High Commissioner1 Bulgaria 1967 Ambassador1 Burundi 1969 Ambassador1 Cameroon 1962 Ambassador Central African Empire 1962 Ambassador1

Chad 1962 Ambassador1 China, People's Republic of4 1970 Ambassador Congo, People's Republic of the 1962 Ambassador1 Costa Rica 1961 Ambassador Cyprus 1961 High Commissioner1

Ecuador 1961 Ambassador1 EI Salvador 1962 Ambassador1 Ethiopia 1966 Ambassador Fiji 1970 High Commissioner1 Gabon 1962 Ambassador1

Gambia 1967 High Commissioner1 Guatemala 1961 Ambassador Guinea 1962 Ambassador1 Guyana 1966 High Commissioner Holy See 1970 Ambassador1

Honduras 1961 Ambassador1 Hungary 1965 Ambassador Iraq 1961 Ambassador Ivory Coast 1963 Ambassador Jamaica 1962 High Commissioner

Jordan 1965 Ambassador1 Kenya 1965 High Commissioner Korea 1964 Ambassador Kuwait 1965 Ambassador1 Lesotho 1968 High Commissioner1

1970, 31 December Libyan Arab Republic 1968 Ambassador1 Madagascar, Democratic Republic of 1967 Ambassador1 Mali 1970 Ambassador1 Malta 1965 High Commissioner1 Mauritania 1969 Ambassador1

Morocco 1962 Ambassador Nepal 1965 Ambassador1 Nicaragua 1961 Ambassador1 Niger 1962 Ambassador1 Panama 1961 Ambassador1

Paraguay 1962 Ambassador1 Romania 1967 Ambassador Rwanda 1967 Ambassador1 Senegal 1962 Ambassador Sierra Leone 1961 High Commissioner1

Singapore 1966 High Commissioner Somali Democratic Republic 1968 Ambassador1 Sudan 1961 Ambassador1 Swaziland 1969 High Commissioner1 Syrian Arab Republic5 1965 Ambassador1

Tanzania, United Republic of 1964 High Commissioner Thailand 1962 Ambassador Togo 1962 Ambassador1 Trinidad and Tobago 1962 High Commissioner Tunisia 1961 Ambassador

Uganda 1962 High Commissioner1 Upper Volts 1962 Ambassador1 Zaire, Republic of 1962 Ambassador Zambia 1966 High Commissioner

1960, 31 December 51 Austria 1952 Ambassador Burma 1958 Ambassador1 Colombia 1953 Ambassador Dominican Republic 1954 Ambassador1 Egypt, Arab Republic of5 1954 Ambassador

Ghana 1957 High Commissioner Haiti 1954 Ambassador Indonesia 1953 Ambassador Iran 1958 Ambassador Israel 1954 Ambassador

Lebanon 1954 Ambassador Malaysia 1958 High Commissioner Nigeria 1960 High Commissioner Portugal 1952 Ambassador Spain 1953 Ambassador

Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) 1953 High Commissioner Uruguay 1952 Ambassador1 Venezuela 1952 Ambassador

1950, 31 December 33 Argentina 1941 Ambassador Brazil 1941 Ambassador Chile 1942 Ambassador Cuba 1945 Ambassador Czechoslovakia 1943 Ambassador

Denmark 1946 Ambassador Finland 1949 Ambassador Germany, Federal Republic of 1950 Ambassador Greece 1943 Ambassador Iceland 1949 Ambassador1

India 1947 High Commissioner Italy 1947 Ambassador Luxembourg 1945 Ambassador1 Mexico 1944 Ambassador Norway 1943 Ambassador

1950, 31 December Pakistan 1950 Ambassador (formerly High Commissioner) Peru 1944 Ambassador Poland 1943 Ambassador Sweden 1947 Ambassador Switzerland 1947 Ambassador

Turkey 1947 Ambassador Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1943 Ambassador Yugoslavia 1943 Ambassador

1940, 31 December 10 Austria 1939 High Commissioner Belgium 1939 Ambassador Ireland 1940 Ambassador

Netherlands 1939 Ambassador New Zealand 1940 High Commissioner South Africa, Republic of 1940 Ambassador (formerly High Commissioner)

1930, 31 December 4 France 1928 Ambassador Japan 1929 Ambassador United States of America 1927 Ambassador

1920, 31 December 1 Britain 1880 High Commissioner

Consulates 6 1977, 31 December 33 Australia, Melbourne 1973 Consul General Sydney 1973 Consul General Brazil, Rio de Janeiro 1974 Consul Britain, Belfast 1974 Consul Birmingham 1974 Consul Glasgow 1974 Consul Manchester 1974 Consul

France, Strasbourg 1975 Consul General Germany, Federal Republic of, Stuttgart 1973 Consul Monaco (Marseille) 1971 Consul General South Africa, Republic of, Capetown 1975 Consul United States of America, Atlanta 1972 Consul General

1970, 31 December 21 France, Bordeaux 1965 Consul General Marseille 1965 Consul General Germany, Federal Republic of, Düsseldorf 1961 Consul General Italy, Milan 1963 Consul General San Marino (Rome) 1969 Consul

United States of America, Buffalo 1970 Consul Cleveland 1964 Consul Dallas 1967 Consul Minneapolis 1970 Consul Philadelphia 1961 Consul San Juan, Territory of Puerto Rico 1968 Consul

1960, 31 December 10 Germany, Federal Republic of, Hamburg 1956 Consul General United States of America, Los Angeles 1953 Consul General New Orleans 1953 Consul General Seattle 1953 Consul General

1950, 31 December 6 Brazil, Sao Paulo 1947 Consul United States of America, Boston 1948 Consul General Chicago 1947 Consul General Detroit 1948 Consul New York 1943 Consul General San Francisco 1948 Consul General

Special Missions 1977, 31 December 15 Geneva, Multilateral Trade Negotiations 1975 Head of Delegation (Ambassador) Nairobi, United Nations Environmental Program 1976 Permanent Representative Vienna, Mutual and Balanced Force Reduction Talks 1973 Head of Delegation (Ambassador) Washington, Organization of American States 1972 Permanent Observer (Ambassador)

1970, 31 December 11 Geneva, Conference of the Committee on Disarmament 1962 Permanent Representative (Ambassador) Vienna, United Nations Industrial Development Organization 1969 Permanent Representative

1960, 31 December 9 Brussels, European Communities (Atomic Energy, Coal and Steel, 1958 Head of Mission Economic) Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency 1957 Permanent Representative

1950, 31 December 7 Berlin, Canadian Military Mission7 1946 Head of Mission Brussels, North Atlantic Council 1949 Permanent Representative (Ambassador) Geneva, United Nations8 1945 Permanent Representative (Ambassador) New York, United Nations9 1945 Permanent Representative (Ambassador)

Paris, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural 1946 Permanent Delegate (Ambassador) Organization Paris, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 1950 Permanent Representative (Ambassador) Rome, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization 1945 Permanent Representative

1 Multiple accreditation, representative not resident in country. 2 A consul general was resident in Manila from 1947, an ambassador since 1973. 3 Includes the former areas of North Viet-Nam and South Viet-Nam. 4 From 1942 to 1970, representation was to Nationalist China; from 1970 to date, the representation is to the People's Republic of China. 5 From 1954, representation was to the United Arab Republic; from 1965, the representation has been to the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Syrian Arab Republic. 6 In addition to the consuls and consuls general listed, Canada has "Honorary Consuls in the following locations: France, Saint Pierre; Mexico, Acapulco and Guadalajara; Spain, Malaga; and an "Honorary Consul General" in Iceland, Reykjavik. 7 The Mission was suspended in 1970 and reinstated in 1973. 8 The Permanent Mission in Geneva is accredited to the following United Nations specialized agencies: International Labour Organization, International Telecommunications Union, World Health Organization, World Meteorological Organization and World Intellectual Property Organization. 9 Canada is also a member of the following United Nations specialized agencies to which there is no accredited permanent representative: Inter-governmental Maritime Consultative Organization, London; International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Washington; International Development Agency, Washington; International Finance Corporation, Washington; International Monetary Fund, Washington; Universal Postal Union, Berne.

Page 1 Series Y264-266. Formal amendments to the British North America Act, 1867 to 1975

Year of Citation Title Subject amendment 264 265 266

1975 23-24 Elizabeth II. ch. 53 (Can.) The British North America Act, 1975 Representation in the Senate

1965 14 Elizabeth II, ch. 4 (Can.) The British North America Act, 1965 Retirement for Senate members 1964 12-13 Elizabeth II, ch. 2 (U.K.) The British North America Act, 1964 Old age pension

1960 9 Elizabeth II, ch. 2 (U.K.) The British North America Act, 1960 Tenure of office of judges 1952 1 Elizabeth II, ch. 15 (Can.) The British North America Act, 1952 Representation in the House of Commons 1951 14-15 George VI, ch. 32 (U.K.) The British North America Act, 1951 Federal jurisdiction over old age pensions

1949 13 George VI, ch. 81 (U.K.) The British North America (No. 2) Act, 1949 Amendment of the constitution 1949 12-13 George VI, ch. 22 (U.K.) The British North America (No. 1) Act, 1949 Entry of Newfoundland 1946 10 George VI, ch. 63 (U.K.) The British North America Act, 1946 Representation in the House of Commons 1943 6-7 George VI, ch. 30 (U.K.) The British North America Act, 1943 Postponement of adjustment of representation in the House of Commons 1940 3-4 George VI, ch. 36 (U.K.) The British North America Act, 1940 Transfer of jurisdiction over unemployment in- surance to the federal government

1931 22 George V, ch. 4 (U.K.) The Statute of Westminster To give effect to certain resolutions passed by Imperial Conferences of 1926 and 1930 1930 20-21 George V, ch. 26 (U.K.) The British North America Act, 1930 Transfer of natural resources to Prairie provinces 1916 6-7 George V, ch. 19 (U.K.) The British North America Act, 1916 To extend life of House of Commons, elected in 1911 1915 5-6 George V, ch. 45 (U.K.) The British North America Act, 1915 Representation in Senate and House of Commons 1907 7 Edward VII, ch. 11 (U.K.) The British North America Act, 1907 Dominion-provincial financial arrangements

1895 58 Victoria, Session 2, ch. 3 (U.K.) The Canadian Speaker (Appointment of Deputy) Act To remove doubts concerning Parliament's power re appointment of deputy for Speaker of Senate 1889 52-53 Victoria, ch. 28 (U.K.) The Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889 Determination of boundaries of Ontario 1886 49-50 Victoria, ch. 35 (U.K.) The British North America Act, 1886 Representation of territories in House of Com- mons and the Senate 1875 38-39 Victoria, ch. 38 (U.K.) The Parliament of Canada Act, 1875 To remove doubts of privileges, etc., of Parlia- ment and members 1871 34-35 Victoria, ch. 28 (U.K.) The British North America Act, 1871 Federal government's power to establish new provinces from territories

Page 1 Series Y267-270. Provinces and territories, dates and processes of admission and present areas, 1867 to 1976

Year Province, territory Date of admission Process of admission Present area or district or creation (square miles) 267 268 269 270

1949 Newfoundland 31 March 1949 The British North America Act, 1949, 12-13 George VI, ch. 22 (U.K.) 156,185

1920 Mackenzie1 1 January 1920 Order in Council, 16 March 1918 527,490 1 Keewatin1 228,160 1 Franklin1 549,253 1 1905 Alberta 1 September 1905 Alberta Act, 1905, 4-5 Edward VII, ch. 3 (Can.) 255,285 1905 Saskatchewan 1 September 1905 Saskatchewan Act, 1905, 4-5 Edward VII, ch. 42 (Can.) 251,700

1898 Yukon Territory 13 June 1898 Yukon Territory Act, 1898, 61 Victoria, ch. 6 (Can.) 207,076 1873 Prince Edward Island 1 July 1873 Imperial Order in Council, 26 June 1873 2,184 1871 British Columbia 20 July 1871 Imperial Order in Council, 16 May 1871 366,255 1870 Manitoba 15 July 1870 Manitoba Act, 1870, 33 Victoria, ch.3 (Can.) and Imperial Order in Council, 23 June 251,000 1870 1870 Northwest Territories1 15 July 1870 Rupert's Land Act, 1868, 31-32 Victoria, ch.105 (U.K.) and Imperial Order in 1,304,903 1 Council, 23 June 1870

1867 Ontario 1 July 1867 The British North America Act, 1867, 30-31Victoria, ch. 3 (U.K.) and Imperial 412,582 Order in Council, 22 May 1867 Quebec 594,860 New Brunswick 28,354 Nova Scotia 21,425

1 The districts of Mackenzie, Keewatin and Franklin are divisions of the present Northwest Territories.

Page 1 Series Y271-281. Number of provincial statutes disallowed by the federal government, by province and decade, 1867 to 1976

Decade Total Newfound- Prince Nova New Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskat- Alberta British land Edward Scotia Brunswick chewan Columbia Island 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281

1967-1976 – – – – – – – – – – –

1957-1966 – – – – – – – – – – – 1947-1956 – – – – – – – – – – – 1937-1946 11 – – – – – – – – 11 – 1927-1936 – – – – – – – – – – – 1917-1926 6 – – 3 – – – – 1 2

1907-1916 8 – – – – 1 2 1 3 – 1 1897-1906 22 – – – – – – 2 – – 20 1887-1896 13 – – – – 2 – 10 – – 1 1877-1886 32 – – 1 1 1 5 9 – – 15 1867-1876 20 – – 5 – 2 3 6 – – 4

Totals 112 – – 9 1 6 10 28 3 12 43

Page 1 Series Y282-292. Number of provincial bills reserved by Lieutenant-Governors, by province and decade, 1867 to 1976

Decade Totals Newfound- Prince Nova New Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskat- Alberta British land Edward Scotia Brunswick chewan Columbia Island 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292

1967-1976 – – – – – – – – – – –

1957-1966 – – – – – – – – – – – 1947-1956 – – – – – – – – – – – 1937-1946 3 – – – – – – – – 3 – 1927-1936 – – – – – – – – – – – 1917-1926 2 – – – – – – – – – 2

1907-1916 2 – – – – – – – – – 2 1897-1906 5 – 1 – 1 1 – – – – 2 1887-1896 12 – 2 – 3 4 – 3 – – – 1877-1886 8 – 3 1 – 1 – 2 – – 1 1867-1876 37 – 4 2 7 1 2 16 – – 5

Totals 69 – 10 3 11 7 2 21 – 3 12

Page 1 Series Y293-295. Federal royal commissions, 1867 to 1976 (number)

Year Major Minor Total Year Major Minor Total appointed commissions commissions appointed commissions commissions 293 294 295 293 294 295

1976 2 – 2 1920 1 6 7 1975 2 – 2 1919 4 6 10 1918 3 7 10 1973 1 – 1 1917 4 7 11 1970 – 1 1 1916 5 10 15 1969 1 – 1 1967 1 1 2 1915 3 7 10 1966 1 4 5 1914 2 5 7 1913 5 5 10 1965 1 3 4 1912 7 2 9 1964 2 4 6 1911 1 1 2 1963 1 1 2 1962 1 1 2 1910 1 5 6 1961 3 – 3 1909 3 3 6 1908 3 2 5 1960 3 1 4 1907 4 1 5 1959 2 2 4 1906 2 5 7 1958 1 1 2 1957 4 – 4 1905 3 4 7 1956 – – – 1904 3 6 9 1903 5 6 11 1955 3 – 3 1902 2 – 2 1954 3 3 6 1901 1 8 9 1953 – 1 1 1952 – 1 1 1900 4 6 10 1951 1 3 4 1899 2 4 6 1898 2 5 7 1950 – 4 4 1897 – 10 10 1949 1 – 1 1896 1 7 8 1948 2 1 3 1947 – 2 2 1895 1 2 3 1946 3 – 3 1894 – 8 8 1893 – 1 1 1945 2 4 6 1892 2 4 6 1944 3 2 5 1891 1 3 4 1943 2 1 3 1942 1 2 3 1890 – 1 1 1941 – 1 1 1889 – 1 1 1888 – 2 2 1940 – 2 2 1887 – 6 6 1939 – 2 2 1886 4 3 7 1938 2 2 4 1937 1 2 3 1885 – 2 2 1936 6 1 7 1884 1 2 3 1883 – 1 1 1935 2 4 6 1882 – 4 4 1934 3 4 7 1881 – 3 3 1933 2 2 4 1932 2 7 9 1880 1 2 3 1931 3 2 5 1879 – 2 2 1878 – 1 1 1930 1 8 9 1877 – 2 2 1929 1 1 2 1876 – 3 3 1928 2 4 6 1927 3 4 7 1875 – 1 1 1926 3 2 5 1874 1 3 4 1873 1 1 2 1925 – 2 2 1872 – – – 1924 1 1 2 1871 – 1 1 1923 3 5 8 1922 2 – 2 1870 1 1 2 1921 1 3 4 1869 – 1 1 1868 1 – 1 1867 – – –

Page 1 Series Y296. Subjects of major royal commissions, 1867 to 1976

Year Subjects Year Subjects appointed appointed 296 296

1976 Bilingual air traffic services in Quebec; Financial management 1925 – and accountability. 1924 Failure of Home Bank. 1975 Marketing of beef; Corporate concentration. 1923 Lake freight rates; Grain trade; Pulpwood export. 1973 Airport inquiry. 1922 Pacific fisheries; Pensions and re-establishment. 1969 Mail transport in Montreal. 1921 Marketing of grain (no report). 1967 Status of women in Canada. 1920 Uniformity in labour laws. 1966 Canadian security methods and procedures. 1919 Treatment of soldiers on "Northland"; Reindeer and musk ox in 1965 Post Office department. Arctic; Relations between capital and labour; Racing and 1963 Bilingualism and biculturalism. betting. 1962 Taxation. 1918 Pilotage, Victoria, Vancouver, etc.; Pilotage, Halifax, etc.; Alle- 1961 Health services; Unemployment Insurance Act; Banking and gations re Chambly-Verchères election. finance. 1917 Newsprint industry; Export of electricity; Packers' profits; Find- ings of Mr. Justice Galt against Rogers. 1960 Automotive industry; Government organization publications. 1916 Fire in Parliament Buildings; Railway development in Canada; 1959 Freight rates and transportation problems; Coal. Cost of food; Sale of small arms ammunition; Grain, handling 1958 Boxcar allocation. and marketing. 1957 Diesel issue re CPR; Newfoundland terms of union; Energy; Price spreads. 1915 Supply of munitions and raw materials; Agricultural production; 1956 – War contracts. 1914 Georgian Bay Canal; Loss of Empress of Ireland. 1913 Better terms for B.C.; Penitentiaries; Cost of living; Coal mining 1955 Coasting trade; Long-term economic prospects; Broadcasting. disputes in Vancouver; Sale and disposal of Dominion lands 1954 Operation of Patent Act, etc.; Criminal law re sexual psychopaths; since 1896. Criminal law re defence of insanity. 1912 National Transcontinental Railway; Farmers Bank failure; Do- 1953 – minion's resources (Imperial Commission); Shell fisheries of 1952 – Maritimes; State of departmental records; Indian lands in B.C.; 1951 South Saskatchewan river projects. Public departments. 1911 Public Service. 1950 – 1949 Arts, letters and sciences. 1910 Industrial and technical education. 1948 Prices; Transportation. 1909 Fisheries of Manitoba and Saskatchewan; Swine industry; Trade 1947 – with West Indies (Imperial Commission). 1946 Espionage in government service; Administrative classifications in 1908 Civil Service of Canada; Losses to Chinese in Vancouver; Shad Public Service; Indian Act and administration. fisheries of Minas Basin. 1907 Civil Service of Canada; Quebec bridge collapse; Losses to Japa- 1945 Veterans' qualifications; Loyalty of Japanese. nese in Vancouver; Methods of inducing oriental immigration. 1944 Coal; Co-operatives and Income Tax Act; Taxation of annuities. 1906 Insurance; Grain trade. 1943 Japanese welfare in B.C.; Wages, western coal mines. 1942 Despatch of troops to Hong Kong. 1905 B.C. fisheries; Georgian Bay fisheries; Employment of aliens on 1941 – Père Marquette Railway. 1904 Salmon and lobster fishery; Employment of aliens on Grand 1940 – Trunk Railway; Italian labourers in Montreal. 1939 – 1903 Defalcation in Militia department; Tread gold and other conces- 1938 Bren gun contract; Alaska highway. sions in Yukon; Transportation; Herring and sardine fishery; 1937 Dominion-Provincial relations. Industrial disputes in B.C. 1936 Textile industry; Penal system of Canada; National employment; 1902 Salmon fishing in B.C.; Tobacco trade, Anthracite coal; Grain trade; Indian affairs. 1901 Alleged paper combine.

1935 Unemployment of ex-servicemen; Canadian Performing Rights 1900 Chinese and Japanese immigration; North West rebellion-scouts Society. claims (two commissions); Election frauds. 1934 Natural resources of Alberta; Price spreads and mass buying; 1899 Manitoba grain trade; Mining disputes in British Columbia. Maritime claims. 1898 Lobster fishing industry; Charges against government officials in 1933 Banking system of Canada; Natural resources of Saskatchewan. Yukon. 1932 Canadian Performing Rights Society; Ports of Canada. 1896 Manitoba school question. 1931 Grain futures; Chignecto Canal; Transportation. 1895 Sweating system.

1930 Compensation to provinces on return of natural resources. 1892 Liquor traffic; Charges against Sir A.P. Caron. 1929 Technical and professional officials of Civil Service. 1891 Civil Service of Canada. 1928 Transfer of natural resources Manitoba; Radio broadcasting. 1886 Railways; Labour relations; Rebellion losses; Lachine Canal 1927 Reconveyance of land to B.C.; Political partisanship in Depart- leases. ment of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment; Fishing industry in 1884 Chinese immigration Maritimes. 1880 Civil Service of Canada. 1926 Maritime claims; Customs and Excise Department; Toronto Harbour Commissioners. 1874 Prohibition. 1873 Charges re CPR. 1870 Improvement inland navigation. 1869 Obstruction to William McDougall in North West. 1868 Civil Service of Canada.

Page 1 Series Y297-298. Lieutenant-Governors, by province, 1867 to 1976

Term of Number Lieutenant-Governor Date of Term of Number Lieutenant-Governor Date of commission commission commission commission 297 298 297 298

Newfoundland 1917-1923 15 William Pugsley 6 November 1917 1974- 6 Gordon A. Winter 4 July 1974 1916-1917 14 G.W. Ganong 29 June 1916 1912-1916 13 Josiah Wood 6 March 1912 1969-1974 5 E. John A. Harnum 2 April 1969 1907-1912 12 L.J. Tweedie 2 March 1907 1963-1969 4 Fabian O'Dea 1 March 1963 1902-1907 11 Jabez B. Snowball 30 January 1902 1957-1963 3 Campbell Macpherson 16 December 1957 1949-1957 2 Lt.-Col. Sir Leonard Outerbridge 5 September 1949 1896-1902 10 A.R. McClelan 9 December 1896 1949 1 Sir Albert Joseph Walsh 1 April 1949 1893-1896 9 John A. Fraser 20 December 1893 1893 8 John Boyd 21 September 1893 Prince Edward Island 1885-1893 7 Sir Samuel Leonard Tilley 31 October 1885 1974- 21 Gordon L. Bennett 24 October 1974 1880-1885 6 Robert Duncan Wilmot 11 February 1880

1969-1974 20 J. George MacKay 6 October 1969 1878-1880 5 E. Baron Chandler 16 July 1878 1963-1969 19 W.J. MacDonald 1 August 1963 1873-1878 4 Samuel Leonard Tilley 5 November 1873 1958-1963 18 F.W. Hyndman 31 March 1958 1868-1873 3 L.A. Wilmot 14 July 1868 1950-1958 17 T.W. Prowse 4 October 1950 1867-1868 2 Col. F.P. Harding 18 October 1867 1945-1950 16 J.A. Bernard 18 May 1945 1867 1 Maj.-Gen. Sir C. Hastings Doyle 1 July 1867

1939-1945 15 Bradford W. LePage 11 September 1939 Quebec 1933-1939 14 George D. DeBlois 28 December 1933 1966- 23 Hugues Lapointe 22 February 1966 1930-1933 13 Charles Dalton 19 November 1930 1961-1966 22 Paul Comtois 6 October 1961 1924-1930 12 Frank R. Heartz 8 September 1924 1919-1924 11 Murdoch McKinnon 2 September 1919 1958-1961 20 Onésime Gagnon 14 February 1958 1950-1958 19 Gaspard Fauteux 3 October 1950 1915-1919 10 A.C. Macdonald 3 June 1915 1939-1950 18 Maj.-Gen. Sir Eugène Fiset1 30 December 1939 1910-1915 9 Benjamin Rogers 1 June 1910 1934-1939 17 E.L. Patenaude 29 April 1934 1904-1910 8 D.A. MacKinnon 3 October 1904 1929-1934 16 Henry George Carroll 2 April 1929 1899-1904 7 P.A. McIntyre 23 May 1899 1894-1899 6 George W. Howlan 21 February 1894 1928-1929 15 Sir Lomer Gouin 31 December 1928 1924-1928 14 Narcisse Pérodeau 8 January 1924 1889-1894 5 Jedediah S. Carvell 2 September 1889 1923-1924 13 Louis-Philippe Brodeur 31 October 1923 1884-1889 4 Andrew A. Macdonald 18 July 1884 1918-1923 12 Sir Charles Fitzpatrick 21 October 1918 1879-1884 3 Thomas H. Haviland 10 July 1879 1915-1918 11 Sir Pierre-Evariste Leblanc 9 February 1915 1874-1879 2 Sir Robert Hodgson 4 July 1874 1873-1874 1 William Robinson 10 June 1873 1911-1915 10 Sir François Langelier 5 May 1911 1908-1911 9 Sir Charles A.P. Pelletier 15 September 1908 Nova Scotia 1898-1908 8 Sir Louis-Amable Jette1 20 January 1898 1973- 25 Clarence L. Gosse 1 October 1973 1892-1898 7 Sir Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau 5 December 1892 1968-1973 24 Victor de B. Oland 22 July 1968 1887-1892 6 Auguste-Réal Angers 24 October 1887 1963-1968 23 H.P. MacKeen 1 March 1963 1958-1963 22 Maj.-Gen. E.C. Plow 15 January 1958 1884-1887 5 L.F.R. Masson 4 October 1884 1952-1958 21 Alistair Fraser 1 September 1952 1879-1884 4 Théodore Robitaille 26 July 1879 1876-1879 3 Luc Letellier de Saint-Just 15 December 1876 1947-1952 20 J.A.D. McCurdy 12 August 1947 1873-1876 2 René-Edouard Caron 11 February 1873 1942-1947 19 Lt.-Col. H. Ernest Kendall 17 November 1942 1867-1873 1 Sir Narcisse F. Belleau1 1 July 1867 1940-1942 18 Frederick F. Mathers 31 May 1940 1937-1940 17 Robert Irwin 7 April 1937 Ontario 1931-1937 16 Walter H. Covert 5 October 1931 1974- 22 Pauline McGibbon 17 January 1974 1968-1974 21 W. Ross MacDonald 4 July 1968 1930-1931 15 Frank Stanfield 19 November 1930 1925-1930 14 James C. Tory 24 September 1925 1963-1968 20 William Earl Rowe 1 May 1963 1925 13 J. Robson Douglas 12 January 1925 1957-1963 19 John Keiller Mackay 30 December 1957 1916-1925 12 MacCallum Grant1 29 November 1916 1952-1957 18 Louis O. Breithaupt 24 January 1952 1915-1916 11 David MacKeen 19 October 1915 1946-1952 17 Ray Lawson 26 December 1946 1937-1946 16 Albert Matthews 23 November 1937 1910-1915 10 James D. McGregor 18 October 1910 1906-1910 9 Duncan C. Fraser 27 March 1906 1932-1937 15 Col. Herbert Alexander Bruce 25 October 1932 1900-1906 8 Alfred G. Jones 26 July 1900 1926-1932 14 William Donald Ross 20 December 1926 1890-1900 7 Sir Malachy Bowes Daly1 11 July 1890 1921-1926 13 Col. Henry Cockshutt 10 September 1921 1888-1890 6 A.W. McLelan 9 July 1888 1919-1921 12 Lionel Clarke 27 November 1919 1914-1919 11 Lt.-Col. Sir John S. Hendrie 26 September 1914 1883-1888 5 Matthew Henry Richey 4 July 1883 1873-1883 4 Sir A.G. Archibald1 4 July 1873 1908-1914 10 Sir John M. Gibson 22 September 1908 1873 3 Joseph Howe 1 May 1873 1903-1908 9 Sir William Mortimer Clark 20 April 1903 1867-1873 2 Lt.-Gen. Sir C. Hastings Doyle1 18 October 1867 1897-1903 8 Sir Oliver Mowat 18 November 1897 1867 1 Lt.-Gen. Sir W.F. Williams 1 July 1867 1892-1897 7 Sir George A. Kirkpatrick 28 May 1892 1887-1892 6 Sir Alexander Campbell 8 February 1887 New Brunswick 1971- 24 Hédard J. Robichaud 8 October 1971 1880-1887 5 John Beverly Robinson 30 June 1880 1968-1971 23 Wallace S. Bird 1 February 1968 1875-1880 4 D.A. MacDonald 18 May 1875 1965-1968 22 John B. McNair 9 June 1965 1873-1875 3 John W. Crawford 5 November 1873 1958-1965 21 J. Leonard O'Brien 6 June 1958 1868-1873 2 W.P. Howland 14 July 1868 1867-1868 1 Maj.-Gen. H.W. Stisted 1 July 1867 1945-1958 20 David Laurence MacLaren 1 November 1945 1940-1945 19 W.G. Clark 5 March 1940 Manitoba 1935-1940 18 Col. Murray MacLaren 5 February 1935 1976- 19 Francis L. Jobin 15 March 1976 1928-1935 17 Maj.-Gen. Hugh H. McLean 11 December 1928 1970-1976 18 William John McKeag 2 September 1970 1923-1928 16 William F. Todd 24 February 1923 1965-1970 17 Richard S. Bowles 1 September 1965 1960-1965 16 Errick F. Willis 15 January 1960

Manitoba (continued) Alberta 1953-1960 15 John Stewart McDiarmid 1 August 1953 1974- 10 Ralph G. Steinhauer 2 July 1974 1940-1953 14 Roland Fairbairn McWilliams 1 November 1940 1966-1974 9 John W.G. MacEwan 6 January 1966 1934-1940 13 William J. Tupper 1 December 1934 1959-1966 8 J. Percy Page 19 December 1959 1929-1934 12 J.D. McGregor 25 January 1929 1950-1959 7 John J. Bowlen 1 February 1950 1926-1929 11 Theodore A. Burrows 9 October 1926 1937-1950 6 J.C. Bowen 20 March 1937

1916-1926 10 Sir James A.M. Aikins1 3 August 1916 1936-1937 5 Philip C.H. Primrose 10 September 1936 1911-1916 9 Sir Douglas C. Cameron 1 August 1911 1931-1936 4 William L. Walsh 24 April 1931 1900-1911 8 Sir Daniel H. McMillan1 10 October 1900 1925-1931 3 William Egbert 20 October 1925 1895-1900 7 J.C. Patterson 2 September 1895 1915-1925 2 Robert George Brett1 6 October 1915 1888-1895 6 J.C. Schultz 1 July 1888 1905-1915 1 George H.V. Bulyea1 24 August 1905

1882-1888 5 James C. Aikins 29 September 1882 British Columbia 1877-1882 4 Joseph E. Cauchon 8 October 1877 1973- 22 Walter Stewart Owen 19 March 1973 1872-1877 3 Alexander Morris 2 December 1872 1968-1973 21 Col. John R. Nicholson 2 July 1968 1872 2 Francis G. Johnson 9 April 1872 1870-1872 1 A.G. Archibald 20 May 1870 1960-1968 20 Maj.-Gen. George R. Pearkes 12 October 1960 1955-1960 19 Frank Mackenzie Ross 3 October 1955 Saskatchewan 1950-1955 18 Col. Clarence Wallace 1 October 1950 1976- 13 George Porteous 3 March 1976 1946-1950 17 Col. Charles Arthur Banks 1 October 1946 1963-1976 12 Robert L. Hanbidge 1 March 1963 1941-1946 16 Lt.-Col. William C. Woodward 29 August 1941 1958-1963 11 F.L. Bastedo 1 September 1958 1936-1941 15 Eric W. Hamber 29 April 1936 1951-1958 10 W.J. Patterson 4 July 1951 1931-1936 14 J.W. Fordham Johnson 18 July 1931 1948-1951 9 J.W. Uhrich 24 March 1948 1926-1931 13 R. Randolph Bruce 21 January 1926 1945-1948 8 Reginald J.M. Parker 22 June 1945 1920-1926 12 Walter C. Nichol 24 December 1920 1945 7 Thomas Miller 27 February 1945 1919-1920 11 Col. Edward G. Prior 9 December 1919 1936-1945 6 A.P. McNab 10 September 1936 1914-1919 10 Sir Frank S. Barnard 5 December 1914 1931-1936 5 Lt.-Col. H.E. Munroe 31 March 1931 1909-1914 9 T.W. Paterson 3 December 1909 1921-1931 4 H.W. Newlands1 17 February 1921 1906-1909 8 James Dunsmuir 11 May 1906 1915-1921 3 Sir Richard S. Lake 6 October 1915 1900-1906 7 Sir Henri G. Joly de Lotbinière 21 June 1900 1910-1915 2 George W. Brown 5 October 1910 1897-1900 6 Thomas Robert McInnes 18 November 1897 1905-1910 1 A.E. Forget 24 August 1905 1892-1897 5 Edgar Dewdney 1 November 1892 1887-1892 4 Hugh Nelson 8 February 1887 1881-1887 3 Clement F. Cornwall 21 June 1881 1876-1881 2 Albert Norton Richards 27 June 1876 1871-1876 1 Sir J.W. Trutch 5 July 1871

1 Appointed for second term.

Page 1 Series Y299-301. Ministries, by province and premier, 1867 to 1976

Years of Number Premier Date of Party ministry of appointment ministry 299 300 301

Newfoundland 1972- 2 Frank D. Moores 18 January 1972 Conservative 1949-1972 1 Joseph R . Smallwood 1 April 1949 Liberal

Prince Edward Island 1966- 25 Alexander B. Campbell 28 July 1966 Liberal 1959-1966 24 Walter Shaw 1 September 1959 Conservative 1953-1959 23 A.W. Matheson 25 May 1953 Liberal 1943-1953 22 J. Walter Jones 11 May 1943 Liberal 1936-1943 21 Thane A. Campbell 14 January 1936 Liberal

1935-1936 20 Walter M. Lea 15 August 1935 Liberal 1933-1935 19 William J.P. MacMillan 14 October 1933 Conservative 1931-1933 18 James D. Stewart 29 August 1931 Conservative 1930-1931 17 Walter M. Lea 20 May 1930 Liberal 1927-1930 16 Albert C. Saunders 12 August 1927 Liberal

1923-1927 15 James D. Stewart 5 September 1923 Conservative 1919-1923 14 J.H. Bell 9 September 1919 Liberal 1917-1919 13 Aubin Arsenault 21 June 1917 Conservative 1911-1917 12 John A. Mathieson 2 December 1911 Conservative 1911 11 H. James Palmer 16 May 1911 Liberal

1908-1911 10 F.L Haszard 1 February 1908 Liberal 1901-1908 9 A. Peters 29 December 1901 Liberal 1898-1901 8 D. Farquharson August 1898 Liberal 1897-1898 7 A.B. Warburton October 1897 Liberal 1891-1897 6 F. Peters 27 April 1891 Liberal

1889-1891 5 N. McLeod November 1889 Conservative 1879-1889 4 W.W. Sullivan 25 April 1879 Conservative 1876-1879 3 L.H. Davies August 1876 Liberal (Coalition) 1873-1876 2 L.C. Owen September 1873 Conservative 1873 1 J.C. Pope April 1873 Conservative

Nova Scotia 1970- 19 Gerald A. Reagan 28 October 1970 Liberal 1967-1970 18 George L. Smith 13 September 1967 Conservative 1956-1967 17 Robert L. Stanfield 20 November 1956 Conservative 1954-1956 16 Henry D. Hicks 30 September 1954 Liberal

1954 15 Harold Connolly 13 April 1954 Liberal 1945-1954 14 Angus L. Macdonald 8 September 1945 Liberal 1940-1945 13 A.S. MacMillan 10 July 1940 Liberal 1933-1940 12 Angus L. Macdonald 5 September 1933 Liberal 1930-1933 11 Col. Gordon S. Harrington 11 August 1930 Conservative

1925-1930 10 E.N. Rhodes 16 July 1925 Conservative 1923-1925 9 E.H. Armstrong 24 January 1923 Liberal 1896-1923 8 George H. Murray 20 July 1896 Liberal 1884-1896 7 W.S. Fielding 28 July 1884 Liberal 1882-1884 6 W.T. Pipes 3 August 1882 Liberal

1882 5 J.S.D. Thompson 25 May 1882 Conservative 1878-1882 4 S.H. Holmes 22 October 1878 Conservative 1875-1878 3 P.C. Hill 11 May 1875 Liberal 1867-1875 2 William Annand 7 November 1867 Liberal 1867 1 H. Blanchard 4 July 1867 Conservative

New Brunswick 1970- 24 Richard Hatfield 12 November 1970 Conservative 1960-1970 23 L.J. Robichaud 12 July 1960 Liberal 1952-1960 22 H.J. Flemming 8 October 1952 Conservative 1940-1952 21 J.B. McNair 13 March 1940 Liberal

1935-1940 20 A. Allison Dysart 16 July 1935 Liberal 1933-1935 19 L.P.D. Tilley 1 June 1933 Conservative 1931-1933 18 Charles D. Richards 19 May 1931 Conservative 1925-1931 17 John B.M. Baxter 14 September 1925 Conservative 1923-1925 16 Peter Veniot 28 February 1923 Liberal

1917-1923 15 Walter E. Foster 4 April 1917 Liberal 1917 14 James Murray 1 February 1917 Conservative 1914-1917 13 George G. Clarke 17 December 1914 Conservative 1911-1914 12 James K. Flemming 16 October 1911 Conservative 1908-1911 11 J.D. Hazen 24 March 1908 Conservative

1907-1908 10 C.W. Robinson 31 May 1907 Liberal 1907 9 William Pugsley 6 March 1907 Liberal 1900-1907 8 L.J. Tweedie 31 August 1900 Conservative 1897-1900 7 H.R. Emmerson 29 October 1897 Liberal 1896-1897 6 James Mitchell July 1896 Conservative

1883-1896 5 A.G. Blair 1883 Liberal 1882-1883 4 D.L. Hannington 1882 Conservative 1878-1882 3 J.J. Fraser 1878 Conservative 1872-1878 2 G.E. King 1872 Liberal 1867-1872 1 A.R. Wetmore 1867 –

Quebec 1976- 27 René Lévesque 25 November 1976 Parti Québécois 1970-1976 26 Robert Bourassa 29 April 1970 Liberal

1968-1970 25 Jean-Jacques Bertrand 2 October 1968 Union Nationale 1966-1968 24 Daniel Johnson 5 June 1966 Union Nationale 1960-1966 23 Jean Lesage 5 July 1960 Liberal 1960 22 Antonio Barrette 7 January 1960 Union Nationale 1959-1960 21 Paul Sauvé 10 September 1959 Union Nationale

1944-1959 20 Maurice Duplessis 30 August 1944 Union Nationale 1939-1944 19 Adélard Godbout 8 November 1939 Liberal 1936-1939 18 Maurice Duplessis 24 August 1936 Union Nationale 1936 17 Adélard Godbout 11 June 1936 Liberal 1920-1936 16 L. Alexandre Taschereau 9 July 1920 Liberal

1905-1920 15 Sir Lomer Gouin 23 March 1905 Liberal 1900-1905 14 S. Napoléon Parent 3 October 1900 Liberal 1897-1900 13 F. Gabriel Marchand 24 May 1897 Liberal 1896-1897 12 Edmund J. Flynn 11 May 1896 Conservative 1892-1896 11 L. Olivier Taillon 16 December 1892 Conservative

1891-1892 10 Charles E.B. deBoucherville 21 December 1891 Conservative 1887-1891 9 Honoré Mercier 29 January 1887 Liberal 1887 8 L. Olivier Taillon 13 January 1887 Conservative 1884-1887 7 John J. Ross 23 January 1884 Conservative 1882-1884 6 J. Alfred Mousseau 1 August 1882 Conservative

1879-1882 5 J. Adolphe Chapleau 31 October 1879 Conservative 1878-1879 4 Henri C. Joly 8 March 1878 Liberal 1874-1878 3 Charles E.B. deBoucherville 22 September 1874 Conservative 1873-1874 2 Gédéon Ouimet 27 February 1873 Conservative 1867-1873 1 Pierre J. Chauveau 15 July 1867 Conservative

Ontario 1971- 18 William G. Davis 1 March 1971 Conservative 1961-1971 17 John P. Robarts 8 November 1961 Conservative 1949-1961 16 Leslie M. Frost 4 May 1949 Conservative

1948 15 T.L. Kennedy 19 October 1948 Conservative 1943-1948 14 George Drew 17 August 1943 Conservative 1943 13 H.C. Nixon 18 May 1943 Liberal 1942-1943 12 G.D. Conant 21 October 1942 Liberal 1934-1942 11 M.F. Hepburn 10 July 1934 Liberal

1930-1934 10 G.S. Henry 15 December 1930 Conservative 1923-1930 9 G.H. Ferguson 16 July 1923 Conservative 1919-1923 8 E.G. Drury 14 November 1919 United Farmers of Ontario 1914-1919 7 Sir William Hearst 2 October 1914 Conservative 1905-1914 6 Sir J.P. Whitney 8 February 1905 Conservative

1899-1905 5 G.W. Ross 21 October 1899 Liberal 1896-1899 4 A.S. Hardy 25 July 1896 Liberal 1872-1896 3 Oliver Mowat 25 October 1872 Liberal 1871-1872 2 Edward Blake 20 December 1871 Liberal 1867-1871 1 J.S. Macdonald 16 July 1867 Conservative

Manitoba 1969- 17 Edward Schreyer 15 July 1969 N.D.P.1 1967-1969 16 Walter Weir 25 November 1967 Conservative

1958-1967 15 Dufferin Roblin 16 June 1958 Conservative 1948-1958 14 D.L. Campbell 7 November 1948 Liberal 1943-1948 13 S.S. Garson 8 January 1943 Coalition 1922-1943 12 John Bracken 8 August 1922 Coalition2 1915-1922 11 T.C. Norris 12 May 1915 Conservative

1900-1915 10 Sir R.P. Roblin 29 October 1900 Conservative 1900 9 H.J. Macdonald 8 January 1900 Conservative 1888-1900 8 T. Greenway 19 January 1888 Liberal 1887-1888 7 D.H. Harrison 26 December 1887 Conservative 1878-1887 6 John Norquay 16 October 1878 Conservative

1874-1878 5 R.A. Davis 3 December 1874 –3 1874 4 N.A. Girard 8 July 1874 Conservative 1872-1874 3 J.H. Clarke 14 March 1872 –4 1871-1872 2 N.A. Girard 14 December 1871 Conservative4 1870-1871 1 A. Boyd 16 September 1870 –4

Saskatchewan 1971- 11 R.E. Blakeney 30 June 1971 N.D.P.

1964-1971 10 W. Ross Thatcher 22 May 1964 Liberal 1961-1964 9 W.S. Lloyd 7 November 1961 N.D.P.-C.C.F.5 1944-1961 8 T.C. Douglas 10 July 1944 C.C.F. 1935-1944 7 W.J. Patterson 1 November 1935 Liberal 1934-1935 6 J.G. Gardiner 19 July 1934 Liberal

1929-1934 5 J.T.M. Anderson 9 September 1929 Conservative 1926-1929 4 J.G. Gardiner 26 February 1926 Liberal 1922-1926 3 C.A. Dunning 5 April 1922 Liberal 1916-1922 2 W.M. Martin 20 October 1916 Liberal 1905-1916 1 Walter Scott 12 September 1905 Liberal

Alberta 1971- 10 P. Lougheed 10 September 1971 Conservative 1968-1971 9 H.E. Strom 12 December 1968 Liberal 1943-1968 8 E.C. Manning 31 May 1943 Social Credit 1935-1943 7 William Aberhart 3 September 1935 Social Credit 1934-1935 6 Richard G. Reid 10 July 1934 United Farmers of Alberta

1925-1934 5 John E. Brownlee November 1925 United Farmers of Alberta 1921-1925 4 Herbert Greenfield 13 August 1921 United Farmers of Alberta 1917-1921 3 Charles Stewart 30 October 1917 Liberal 1910-1917 2 A.L Sifton 26 May 1910 Liberal 1905-1910 1 Alex Rutherford 2 September 1905 Liberal

British Columbia 1975- 29 W.R. Bennett 11 December 1975 Social Credit 1972-1975 28 David Barrett 30 August 1972 N.D.P. 1952-1972 26 - 27 W.A.C. Bennett 1 August 1952 Social Credit

1947-1952 25 Byron Johnson 18 January 1947 Coalition 1947 24 Byron Johnson/Herbert Anscomb 29 December 1947 Coalition 1941-1947 23 John Hart 9 December 1941 Coalition 1933-1941 22 T.D. Pattullo 15 November 1933 Liberal 1928-1933 21 Simon F. Tolmie 21 August 1928 Conservative

1927-1928 20 John D. Maclean 20 August 1927 Liberal 1918-1927 19 John Oliver 6 March 1918 Liberal 1916-1918 18 Harlan C. Brewster 23 November 1916 Liberal 1915-1916 17 William J. Bowser 15 December 1915 Conservative 1903-1905 16 Richard McBride 1 June 1903 Conservative

1902-1903 15 E.G. Prior 21 November 1902 – 1900-1902 14 J. Dunsmuir 15 June 1900 – 1900 13 Joseph Martin 28 February 1900 – 1898-1900 12 C.A. Semlin 12 August 1898 – 1895-1898 11 J.H. Turner 4 March 1895 –

1892-1895 10 T. Davie 2 July 1892 – 1889-1892 9 J. Robson 2 August 1889 – 1887-1889 8 A.E.B. Davie 15 May 1887 – 1883-1887 7 W. Smythe 29 January 1883 – 1882-1883 6 R. Beaven 13 June 1882 –

1878-1882 5 G.A. Walkem 25 June 1878 – 1876-1878 4 A.C. Elliott 1 February 1876 – 1874-1876 3 G.A. Walkem 11 February 1874 – 1872-1874 2 A. De Cosmos 23 December 1872 – 1871-1872 1 J.F. McCreight 13 November 1871 –

1 New Democratic Party. 2 Successively United Farmers, Progressive, and then Coalition. 3 Elected as candidate of Grangers. 4 See notes on series W253-255, in first edition of this volume. 5 Cooperative Commonwealth Federation.

Page 1 Series Y302-387. Provincial government elections, party standing and size of legislature, 1867 to 1977

Newfoundland Year Number Date Liberal Progres- Other Size of of of sive of election legis- election Conser- legis- lature vative lature 302 303 304 305 306 307

1975 9 16 September 1975 16 30 5 51 1972 8 24 March 1972 9 33 – 42 1971 7 28 October 1971 20 21 1 42 1966 6 8 September 1966 38 4 – 42

1962 5 19 November 1962 34 7 1 42 1959 4 20 August 1959 31 3 2 36 1956 3 2 October 1956 32 4 – 36 1951 2 26 November 1951 24 4 – 28 1949 1 27 May 1949 22 5 1 28

Prince Edward Island Year Number Date Liberal Progres- Other Size of of of sive of election legis- election Conser- legis- lature vative lature2 308 309 310 311 312 313

1974 28 29 April 1974 26 6 – 32 1970 27 11 May 1970 27 5 1 – 32 1966 26 30 May and 11 July 1966 17 15 – 32

1962 25 10 December 1962 11 19 – 30 1959 24 1 September 1959 8 22 – 30 1955 23 25 May 1955 27 3 – 30 1951 22 26 April 1951 24 6 – 30 1947 21 11 December 1947 24 6 – 30

1943 20 15 September 1943 20 10 – 30 1939 19 18 May 1939 27 3 – 30 1935 18 23 July 1935 30 – – 30 1931 17 6 August 1931 12 18 – 30 1927 16 25 June 1927 24 6 – 30

1923 15 24 July 1923 5 25 – 30 1919 14 24 July 1919 25 4 1 30 1915 13 16 September 1915 13 16 1 30 1912 12 3 January 1912 2 27 1 30 1908 11 18 November 1908 16 14 – 30

1904 10 7 December 1904 22 8 – 30 1900 9 12 December 1900 21 9 – 30 1897 8 28 July 1897 20 10 – 30 1893 7 13 December 1893 23 7 – 30 2 1890 6 30 January 1890 15 15 – 30

1886 5 30 June 1886 11 19 – 30 1882 4 8 May 1882 11 19 – 30 1879 3 2 April 1879 3 25 2 3 30 1876 2 17 August 1876 9 14 7 3 30 1873 1 2 April 1873 11 17 – 28

Page 1 Series Y302-387. Provincial government elections, party standing, and size of legislature, 1867 to 1977 (continued)

Nova Scotia Year Number Date Liberal New Progres- Other Size of of of Demo- sive of election legis- election cratic Conser- legis- lature Party4 vative5 lature6 314 315 316 317 318 319 320

1974 28 2 April 1974 31 3 12 – 46 1970 27 13 October 1970 23 2 21 – 46 1967 26 30 May 1967 6 – 40 – 46

1963 25 8 October 1963 4 – 39 – 43 1960 24 7 June 1960 15 1 4 27 – 43 1956 23 30 October 1956 18 1 24 – 43 1953 22 26 May 1953 22 2 13 – 37 1949 21 9 June 1949 28 2 7 – 37

1945 20 23 October 1945 28 2 – 5 – 30 1941 19 28 October 1941 23 3 4 – 30 1937 18 29 June 1937 25 – 5 – 30 1933 17 22 August 1933 22 – 8 – 30 1928 16 1 October 1928 20 – 23 – 43

1925 15 25 June 1925 3 – 40 – 43 6 1920 14 27 July 1920 29 – 3 11 43 1916 13 20 June 1916 30 – 13 – 43 1911 12 14 June 1911 27 – 11 – 38 1906 11 20 June 1906 32 – 5 1 38

1901 10 2 October 1901 36 – 2 – 38 1897 9 20 April 1897 35 – 3 – 38 1894 8 15 March 1894 25 – 13 – 38 1890 7 21 May 1890 28 – 10 – 38 1886 6 15 June 1886 29 – 8 1 38

1882 5 20 June 1882 24 – 14 – – 1878 4 17 September 1878 8 – 30 – 38 1874 3 17 December 1874 24 – 14 – 38 1871 2 16 May 1871 25 – 13 – 38 1867 1 18 September 1867 36 – 2 – 38

New Brunswick Year Number Date Liberal Progres- Other Size of of of sive of election legis- election Conser- legis- lature vative7 lature8 321 322 323 324 325 326

1974 27 18 November 1974 25 33 – 58 1970 26 26 October 1970 26 32 – 58

1967 25 23 October 1967 32 26 – 58 1963 24 22 April 1963 32 20 – 52 1960 23 27 June 1960 31 21 – 52 1956 22 18 June 1956 15 37 – 52 1952 21 22 September 1952 16 36 – 52

1948 20 28 June 1948 47 5 – 52 1944 19 28 August 1944 36 12 – 48 1939 18 20 November 1939 29 19 7 – 48 1935 17 27 June 1935 43 5 – 48 1930 16 19 June 1930 17 31 – 48

1925 15 10 August 1925 11 37 – 48 1920 14 9 October 1920 28 13 7 9 48 1917 13 24 February 1917 27 21 – 48 1912 12 20 June 1912 2 44 2 48 1908 11 3 March 1908 10 31 5 46

1903 10 28 February 1903 27 15 4 46 1899 9 18 February 1899 41 5 – 46 1895 8 16 October 1895 34 10 2 46 1892 7 22 October 1892 27 13 1 41 8 1890 6 21 January 1890 7 34 – 41

1886 5 26 April 1886 18 19 4 41 1882 4 15 June 1882 20 15 6 41 1878 3 June 1878 24 13 4 41 1874 2 June 1874 35 4 2 41 1870 1 June-July 1870 25 16 – 41

Page 1 Series Y302-387. Provincial government elections, party standing, and size of legislature, 1867 to 1977 (continued)

Quebec Year Number Date Conser- Crédit Liberal Parti Union Other Size of of of vative social québé- na- of election legisla- election cois10 tionale11 legis- ture lature12 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335

1976 31 15 November 1976 – 1 26 71 11 1 110

1973 30 29 October 1973 – 2 102 6 – – 110 1970 29 29 April 1970 – 12 72 7 10 17 – 108 1966 28 5 June 1966 – – 50 – 56 2 108 12 1962 27 15 November 1962 – – 63 – 31 1 95 1960 26 22 June 1960 – – 51 – 43 1 95

1956 25 20 June 1956 – – 20 – 72 1 93 1952 24 16 July 1952 – – 23 – 68 1 92 1948 23 28 July 1948 – – 8 – 82 2 92 1944 22 8 August 1944 – – 37 – 48 6 91 1939 21 25 October 1939 – – 70 – 15 1 86

1936 20 17 August 1936 – – 14 – 76 11 – 90 1935 19 25 November 1935 16 – 48 – – 26 90 1931 18 24 August 1931 11 – 79 – – – 90 1927 17 16 May 1927 9 – 75 – – 1 85 1923 16 5 February 1923 19 – 64 – – 2 85

1919 15 23 June 1919 5 – 74 – – 2 81 1916 14 22 May 1916 6 – 75 – – – 81 1912 13 15 May 1912 15 – 64 – – 2 81 1908 12 8 June 1908 13 – 58 – – 3 74 1904 11 25 November 1904 6 – 68 – – – 74

1900 10 7 December 1900 7 – 67 – – – 74 1897 9 11 May 1897 23 – 51 – – – 74 1892 8 8 March 1892 51 – 21 – – 1 73 1890 7 17 June 1890 24 – 42 – – 7 73 1886 6 14 October 1886 28 – 31 – – 6 65

1881 5 2 December 1881 49 – 15 – – 1 65 1878 4 1 May 1878 33 – 30 – – 2 65 1875 3 7 July 1875 43 – 19 – – 3 65 1871 2 June-July 1871 45 – 20 – – – 65 1867 1 August-September 1867 50 – 14 – – 1 13 65

Ontario Year Number Date Labour Labour Liberal New Progres- Progres- United Other Size of of of and Progres- Demo- sive sive Farmers of election legis- election Liberal- sive cratic Conser- of legis- lature Labour (Com- Party14 vative7 Ontario lature munist) 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346

1977 31 9 June 1977 – – 34 33 – 58 – – 125

1975 30 18 September 1975 – – 36 38 – 51 – – 125 1971 29 21 October 1971 – – 20 19 – 78 – – 117 1967 28 17 October 1967 – – 28 20 – 69 – – 117 1963 27 25 September 1963 – – 24 7 – 77 – – 108 1959 26 11 June 1959 – – 22 5 14 – 71 – – 98

1955 25 9 June 1955 – – 11 3 – 84 – – 98 1951 24 22 November 1951 1 1 7 2 – 79 – – 90 1948 23 7 June 1948 1 2 13 21 – 53 – – 90 1945 22 4 June 1945 3 2 11 8 – 66 – – 90 1943 21 4 August 1943 – 2 15 34 – 38 7 – 1 90

1937 20 6 October 1937 – – 63 – – 23 1 3 90 1934 19 19 June 1934 – – 66 1 – 17 1 5 90 1929 18 30 October 1929 1 – 14 – 5 91 1 – 112 1926 17 1 December 1926 1 – 17 – 13 74 3 4 112 1923 16 25 June 1923 3 – 14 – – 77 17 – 111

1919 15 20 October 1919 11 – 29 – – 25 44 3 112 1914 14 29 June 1914 1 – 25 – – 84 – 1 111 1911 13 11 December 1911 1 – 21 – – 83 – – 105 1908 12 8 June 1908 1 – 19 – – 86 – – 106 1905 11 25 January 1905 – – 28 – – 69 – 1 98

1902 10 29 May 1902 – – 51 – – 46 – – 97 1898 9 1 March 1898 – – 49 – – 43 – 1 93 1894 8 26 June 1894 – – 49 – – 27 – 16 15 92 1890 7 5 June 1890 – – 54 – – 36 – – 90 1886 6 28 December 1886 – – 64 – – 26 – – 90

1883 5 27 February 1883 – – 48 – – 36 – 2 86 1879 4 5 June 1879 – – 58 – – 29 – 1 88 1875 3 18 January 1875 – – 51 – – 33 – 4 88 1871 2 21 March 1871 – – 41 16 – – 32 16 – 7 80 1867 1 August-September 1867 – – 23 16 – – 56 16 – 5 84 Page 1 Series Y302-387. Provincial government elections, party standing, and size of legislature, 1867 to 1977 (continued)

Manitoba Year Number Date Labour Labour Liberal Liberal New Progres- Progres- Social United Other Size of of of Progres- and Demo- sive sive Credit Farmer of election legis- election sive Liberal cratic Conser- legis- lature (Com- Progres- Party14 vative17 lature18 munist) sive 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359

1977 31 11 October 1977 – – 1 – 23 – 33 – – – 57

1973 30 28 June 1973 – – 5 – 31 – 21 – – – 57 1969 29 25 June 1969 – – 4 – 28 – 22 1 – 2 57 1966 28 23 June 1966 – – 14 – 11 – 31 1 – – 57 1962 27 14 December 1962 – – 13 – 7 – 36 1 – – 57 1959 26 14 May 1959 – – – 1 10 14 – 36 – – – 57

1958 25 16 June 1958 – – – 19 11 – 26 – – 1 57 1953 24 8 June 1953 – 1 – 35 5 – 12 2 – 2 57 1949 23 10 November 1949 – – – 29 7 – 10 – – 11 57 1945 22 15 October 1945 – 1 – 26 10 – 13 2 – 3 55 1941 21 22 April 1941 – – – 25 3 – 14 17 3 – 10 55

1936 20 27 July 1936 – 1 – 23 7 – 16 5 – 3 55 1932 19 16 June 1932 5 – – – – 38 10 – – 2 55 1927 18 28 June 1927 3 – 7 – – 29 15 – – 1 55 1922 17 18 July 1922 6 – 7 – – 1 6 – 27 8 55 1920 16 29 June 1920 11 – 21 – – – 7 – 12 4 55

1915 15 16 September 1915 – – 40 – – – 5 – – 4 49 1914 14 10 July 1914 – – 21 – – – 28 – – – 49 1910 13 11 July 1910 – – 13 – – – 28 – – – 41 1907 12 7 March 1907 – – 13 – – – 28 – – – 41 1903 11 20 July 1903 – – 9 – – – 31 – – – 40

1899 10 7 December 1899 – – 14 – – – 26 – – – 40 1896 9 15 January 1896 – – 32 – – – 5 – – 3 40 1892 8 23 July 1892 – – 25 – – – 14 – – 1 40 1888 7 11 July 1888 – – 28 – – – 5 – – 5 38 1886 6 9 December 1886 – – 13 – – – 19 – – 3 35

1883 5 23 January 1883 – – 7 – – – 22 – – 2 31 1879 4 16 December 1879 – – 4 – – – 18 – – 2 24 1878 3 18 December 1878 – – 4 – – – 13 – – 7 24 1874 2 23 December 1874 – – 4 – – – 8 – – 12 24 18 1870 1 27 December 1870 – – 1 – – – 8 – – 15 24

Page 1 Series Y302-387. Provincial government elections, party standing, and size of legislature, 1867 to 1977 (continued)

Saskatchewan Year Number Date Liberal New Progres- Progres- Social Other Size of of of Demo- sive sive Credit of election legis- election cratic Conser- legis- lature Party18 vative20 lature 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368

1975 18 11 June 1975 15 39 – 7 – – 61 1971 17 23 June 1971 15 45 – – – – 60 1967 16 11 October 1967 35 24 19 – – – – 59

1964 15 22 April 1964 33 25 – 1 – – 59 1960 14 8 June 1960 17 38 – – – – 55 1956 13 20 June 1956 14 36 – – 3 – 53 1952 12 11 June 1952 11 42 – – – – 53 1948 11 24 June 1948 19 31 – – 2 52

1944 10 15 June 1944 5 47 – – 20 – – 52 21 1938 9 8 June 1938 38 10 – – 2 2 52 1934 8 19 June 1934 50 5 22 – – – – 55 1929 7 6 June 1929 28 – 5 24 – 6 63 1925 6 2 June 1925 50 – 6 3 – 4 63

1921 5 9 June 1921 45 – 6 2 – 10 63 1917 4 26 June 1917 51 – – 7 – 1 59 21 1912 3 11 July 1912 46 – – 8 – – 54 1908 2 14 August 1908 27 – – 14 23 – – 41 1905 1 13 December 1905 16 – – 9 23 – – 25

Alberta Year Number Date Labour Liberal New Progres- Social United Other Size of of of Demo- sive credit Farmers of election legis- election cratic Conser- of legis- ature Party4 vative17 Alberta lature 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378

1975 18 26 March 1975 – – 1 69 4 – 1 75 1971 17 30 August 1971 – – 1 49 24 – 1 75 1967 16 23 May 1967 – 3 – 6 55 – 1 65

1963 15 17 June 1963 – 2 – – 60 – 1 63 1959 14 18 June 1959 – 1 – 4 1 62 – 1 65 1955 13 29 June 1955 – 15 2 3 37 – 4 61 1952 12 5 August 1952 – 4 2 2 52 – 1 61 1948 11 17 August 1948 – 3 2 – 50 – 2 57

1944 10 8 August 1944 – – 2 – 17 51 – 4 57 1940 9 21 March 1940 1 1 – – 36 – 19 57 1935 8 22 August 1935 – 5 – 2 56 – – 63 1930 7 19 June 1930 4 11 – 5 – 39 4 63 1926 6 28 June 1926 6 7 – 4 – 43 – 60

1921 5 18 July 1921 4 13 – 1 – 39 2 59 1917 4 7 June 1917 1 33 – 19 – 1 4 58 1913 3 17 April 1913 – 39 – 17 – – – 56 1909 2 22 March 1909 – 36 – 2 – – 3 41 1905 1 9 November 1905 – 23 – 2 – – – 25

Page 1 Series Y302-387. Provincial government elections, party standing, and size of legislature, 1867 to 1977 (concluded)

British Columbia Year Number Date Labour Liberal New Progres- Social Other24 Size of of of Demo- give Credit of election legis- election cratic Conser- legis- lature party14 vative7 lature 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387

1975 31 11 December 1975 – 1 18 1 35 – 55

1972 30 30 August 1972 – 5 38 2 10 – 55 1969 29 27 August 1969 – 5 12 – 38 – 55 1966 28 12 September 1966 – 6 16 – 33 – 55 1963 27 30 September 1963 – 5 14 – 33 – 52 1960 26 12 September 1960 – 4 16 14 – 32 – 52

1956 25 19 September 1956 1 2 10 – 39 – 52 1953 24 9 June 1953 1 4 14 1 28 – 48 1952 23 12 June 1952 1 6 18 4 19 – 48 1949 22 15 June 1949 2 39 25 7 – 25 – – 48 1945 21 25 October 1945 1 37 25 10 – 25 – – 48

1941 20 21 October 1941 1 21 26 14 12 7,26 – – 48 1937 19 1 June 1937 1 31 7 8 – 1 48 1933 18 2 November 1933 1 34 7 – – 5 47 1928 17 18 July 1928 1 12 – 35 – – 48 1924 16 20 June 1924 3 27 – 16 – 2 48

1920 15 1 December 1920 – 26 – 14 – 7 24 47 1916 14 14 September 1916 – 37 – 9 – 1 47 1912 13 28 March 1912 – – – 40 – 2 42 1909 12 25 November 1909 – 3 – 36 – 3 42 1907 11 2 February 1907 – 13 – 26 – 3 42

1903 10 3 October 1903 1 17 – 21 – 3 42 1900 9 9 June 1900 – – – – – – 38 1898 8 9 July 1898 – – – – – – 38 1894 7 7 July 1894 – – – – – – 33 1890 6 13 June 1890 – – – – – – 33

1886 5 7 July 1886 – – – – – – 26 1882 4 24 July 1882 – – – – – – 26 1878 3 22 May 1878 – – – – – – 26 1875 2 11 September 1875 – – – – – – 25 1871 1 October-December 1871 – – – – – – 25

1 The Conservative Party became the Progressive Conservative Party in 1971. 2 The legislature was bicameral until 1894. The series shows the assembly only, before that date. 3 Includes several members whose affiliation is not known. 4 The Cooperative Commonweath Federation became the New Democratic Party in 1962. 5 The Conservative Party became the Progressive Conservative Party in 1946. 6 The legislature was bicameral until 1928. The series shows the assembly only, before that date. 7 The Conservative Party became the Progressive Conservative Party in 1943. 8 The legislature was bicameral until 1893. The series shows the assembly only, before that date. 9 United Farmers of New Brunswick. 10 In 1968, the Rassemblement pour I'indépendance nationale and Mouvement souveraineté association amalgamated to form the Parti québécois. 11 Union nationale formed in 1936 from Conservative and Action libérale nationale sources. 12 The legislature was bicameral until 1968. The series shows the assembly only, before that date. 13 One election (Kamouraska) annulled; seat vacant until 1871. 14 The Cooperative Commonwealth Federation became the New Democratic Party in 1961. 15 Includes 14 Patrons of Industry. 16 Counts Unionists as Conservatives, and Reformers as Liberals. 17 The Conservative Party became the Progressive Conservative Party in 1944. 18 The legislature was bicameral until 1876. The series shows the assembly only before that date. 19 The Cooperative Commonwealth Federation became the New Democratic Party in 1967. 20 The Conservative Party became the Progressive Conservative Party in 1945. 21 Plus three armed services representatives. 22 Farmer-Labour. 23 Known as Provincial Rights party. 24 Includes Socialist Party before 1924. 25 Coalition of Liberal and Conservative parties. 26 The Liberals and Conservatives formed a coalition to carry on as the government.

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