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Descriptive Osteology of Barbus Cyri (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Southern Caspian Sea Basin

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Descriptive Osteology of Barbus Cyri (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Southern Caspian Sea Basin Iran. J. Ichthyol. (June 2015), 2(2): 105–112 Received: April 06, 2014 © 2015 Iranian Society of Ichthyology Accepted: May 29, 2015 P-ISSN: 2383-1561; E-ISSN: 2383-0964 doi: http://www.ijichthyol.org Descriptive osteology of Barbus cyri (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from southern Caspian Sea basin Pariya JALILI1, Soheil EAGDERI1*, Nasrin NIKMEHR1, Yazdan KEIVANY2 1Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. 2Department of Natural Resources (Fisheries Division), Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran. Email: [email protected] Abstract: The present study was conducted to provide a detailed descriptive osteology of Barbus cyri from Southern Caspian Sea for the first time and comparing it with those of B. lacerta from the Tigris and Urmia lake basins. For this purpose, twelve specimens of B. cyri were collected from Safidrud River using electrofishing device and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Then, the specimens were cleared and stained with alcian blue and alizarin red for osteological examination. A detailed description of the osteological features of B. cyri was provided. Based on the results, several differences were observed between the two species. Barbus cyri can be distinguished from B. lacerta by having three pharyngobranchial, a consumptive neural spine of second centrum and having 3rd and 4th vertebra with posterior position of neural spines. Keywords: Barbus, Kura barbel, Cyprinidae, Caspian Sea, Skeleton, Bone. Introduction has a wide distribution in the southern Caspian Sea Over the years, the generic name Barbus (Cuvier and basin (Berg 1949; Bianco & Banarescu 1982; Kiabi Cloquet 1816) has been used for about 800 nominal et al. 1999; Abdoli 2000; Esmaeili et al. 2014a, b; species of cyprinid fishes in Europe, Africa and Asia. Motamedi et al. 2014). Berg (1948-1949) refers As presently understood, however, it is split into Caspian Sea basin specimens to Barbus lacerta cyri. several distinct genera (Coad 2015). This genus is But, this subspecies recognized as a full species by characterized by a rounded or compressed body of Naseka & Bogutskaya (2009). moderate to very large size, large to very small scales Until now, the phylogenetic relationships of the (no scale sheath around the anal fin), the presence of members of this group is based on external barbels in most species, usually two pairs, often one morphological characters (i.e. corporal proportions, pair and sometimes none (and individually variable scale and ray number), and few interna1 ones (i.e. within species), the last unbranched ray in the short number of pharyngeal teeth and gill rakers) (Doadrio dorsal fin (usually 7-8 branched rays but sometimes 1990). Since, osteological characters can provide more) is thickened and spine-like and may bear teeth valuable information in taxonomy and phylogenetic or be smooth and a short anal fin, usually with 5 relationships in fishes (Keivany & Nelson 1998, branched rays (but some have 6) (Coad 2015). 2004, 2006; Diogo & Bills 2006; Keivany 2014a, b, There are 16 formerly recognized species of the c, d), therefore, the present study was conducted to genus Barbus in Iranian inland waters (Coad 2015); provide a detailed descriptive osteology of B. cyri only two species including B. cyri (De Filippi 1865) from southern Caspian Sea for the first time and and B. lacerta (Heckel, 1843) is now assigned to this comparing it with those of B. lacerta from Tigris and genus. Barbus lacerta is found in the Tigris and Urmia lake basins. The results will provide a basis for Urmia Lake basins of Iran (Coad 2015). Barbus cyri further phylogenetic study of Iranian members of the 105 Iranian Journal of Ichthyology (June 2015), 2(2): 105-112 Fig.1. Lateral view of Barbus cyri from Safidrud River. Barbus group using osteological data. part of the vomer and the anterior part of the parasphenoid. The posterior part of the vomer is Materials and Methods pointed and its anterior part has a V-shaped notch. Twelve specimens of B. cyri were collected from The anterior part of the vomer is thicker than its Safidrud River (10.74±2.64mm; SL±SD) using posterior part. Two small semicircular preethmoid-I electrofishing device and fixed in 10% buffered are present in the antero-lateral part of the vomer formalin, after anesthetizing in 1% clove oil (Fig. 1). (Fig. 2c). The lateral ethmoid is located as a wall The specimens were cleared and stained with alizarin between the ethmoid and orbital regions; this bone is red S and alcian blue according to the protocol of concaved dorsally and flattened ventrally and its Taylor & van Dyke (1985) for osteological ventral surface bears many small pores. A cylindrical examination. The cleared and stained specimens kinethmoid exists between the maxillary bones (Fig. were studied using a stereomicroscope (Leica MC5); 3a). and their skeletal elements were dissected and The orbital region comprises the frontals, scanned by a scanner equipped with a glycerol bath parasphenoid, ptersphenoids, orbitosphenoids and (Epson V600). Drawing of the specimens were circumorbital series. The frontal is a large bony performed using CorelDraw X6 software. The element of the skull roof with a serrated anterior terminology of skeletal elements follows Rojo (2010) edge; it bears a mid-lateral pointed process. The and Howes (1982). The detailed osteological features supraorbital canal is enclosed by the lateral margin of of B. lacerta from Tigris and Urmia lake basins were the frontal. The two orbitosphenoids are fused via provided by Jalili et al. (2015) and Razavipour their ventral process that is also connected to the (2013). parasphenoid (Fig. 2b). The ptersphenoid is concaved in shape with two ventral processes for Results connecting to the parasphenoid. The ptersphenoid is The ethmoid region of the neurocranium consists of dorsally attached to the frontal, anteriorly to the the preethmoid-I, lateral ethmoid, supraethmoid, orbitosphenoid and posteriorly to the sphenotic. The vomer, kinethmoid and nasal bones (Fig. 2a, b). The anterior half of the parasphenoid is type-shape with a supraethmoid consists of two vertical and horizontal serrated anterior rim and its posterior half has a sections; the horizontal section bears two small triangular structure that its posterior margin anterior processes and a shallow middle depression bifurcates via a deep groove (Fig. 2c). with a cartilaginous lateral margins (Fig. 2a). The In the circumorbital series, the number of the vertical section of this bone is situated on the dorsal infraorbital bones was different in studied specimens. 106 Jalili et al.-Descriptive osteology of Barbus cyri of Cobitis avicennae Fig.2. Dorsal (a), lateral (b) and ventral (c) views of the neurocranium in Barbus cyri. Abbreviations: Bo: basioccipital; Epo: epiotic; Exo: exoccipital; Fr: frontal; Fon: fontanel; Le: lateral ethmoid; Nas: nasal; Orb: orbitosphenoid; Pa: parietal; Pe: preethmoid I; Ptt: posttemporal; Pr-Pp: posterior pharyngeal process; Pro: prootic; Ps: parasphenoid; Pts: pterosphenoid; Pto: pterotic; Stt: supratemporal; Scl: supracleithrum; So-cr; supraoccipital crest; So: supraorbital; Soc: supraoccipital; Sp: sphenotic; Se: supraethmoid; Vo: vomer. There are 4-6 infra-orbital and one supra-orbital the frontal. The suborbital canal is enclosed by the elements. The first circumorbital i.e. lacryamal, is the infraorbital bony elements (Fig. 3c). largest element of this series. The supraorbital is The otic portion of the neurocranium includes oval-shaped and located at the antero-lateral part of five bones viz. the parietal, epiotic, sphenotic, 107 Iranian Journal of Ichthyology (June 2015), 2(2): 105-112 Fig.3. Internal view of the upper (a) and lower jaw (b) and circumorbital series (c) of Barbus cyri. Abbreviations: An: Angular; Crb: coronoid process; Cm: coronomeckelian; Dn: dentary; Io 2-6: infraorbitals 2-6; Keth: kinethmoid; Ra: retroarticular; Mx: maxillary; Pmx: premaxillary; Mdip: maxillary descending process; Mdp: maxillary distal process; Mdcb: maxillary dorsal concaved border; Mdip: maxillary mid-lateral ascending process; Rap: rostral ascending process; Top: tail of premaxillary. pterotic and prootic. The postero-lateral margin of The upper jaw is made up of the maxillary and the parietal covers the dorsal part of the pterotic and premaxillary. The two maxillaries are located at the epiotic. The epiotic is oval-shaped with a posterior dorsal side of the premaxillary; this bone possesses a process (Fig. 2a); it is situated between the pterotic mid-lateral ascending and an anterior descending and supraoccipital. The pterotic has a trapezoid shape processes; it has also a distal process and a fossa on (Fig. 2b) and its postero-lateral part is well- its dorsal border. The premaxillary is wide and its developed. The sphenotic possesses a lateral process anterior part has a rostral ascending process (Fig. 3a). which connects the middle process of the frontal (Fig. The lower jaw is composed of four bones 2a). The ventral margin of the sphenotic is connected including the dentary, angular, retroarticular and to the prootic. The two prootics are connected to each coronomeckelian. The coronoid process, situated on other ventrally and to the parasphenoid dorsally by a the dorso-middle part of the dentary, is oriented descending process. This bone has two pores on its posteriorly. The middle part of the angular is wide anterior part. and its posterior part bears an articulatory facet. The The occipital region is composed of the retroarticular is a small bone situating under the supraoccipital, exoccipitals and basioccipital. The posterior part of the angular; the posterior part of the supraoccipital is pentagon in shape and has a blade- retroarticular is connected to the interopercle via the shaped crest. The exoccipital bears a large foramen retroarticular-interopercle ligament. A small and on its middle part. In the dorsal part of the elongated coronomeckelian is observed on the basioccipital, there are a pointed pharyngeal process medial face of the angular (Fig. 3b). and a concaved masticatory plate pointing laterally The suspensorium is formed by the (Fig.
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