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Chapter 1: Background and Objectives National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Established Invasive Plant Species Monitoring Protocol Pacific Island Network Natural Resource Report NPS/PACN/NRR—2012/514 ON THE COVER In and adjacent to the National Park of American Samoa, fast-growing Falcataria moluccana trees (known locally as tamaligi) invade and transform wet forest ecosystems. Established Invasive Plant Species Monitoring Protocol Pacific Island Network Natural Resource Report NPS/PACN/NRR—2012/514 Alison Ainsworth1, James D. Jacobi2, Rhonda K. Loh1, Julie A. Christian1, Corie M. Yanger1, and Paul Berkowitz3 1National Park Service Pacific Island Network - Inventory and Monitoring Program PO Box 52 Hawai‘i National Park, HI 96718 2US Geological Survey Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center PO Box 44 Hawai‘i National Park, HI 96718 3Hawai‘i Pacific Islands Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit University of Hawai‘i at Manoa Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center PO Box 44 Hawai‘i National Park, HI 96718 April 2012 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received formal, high-level peer review based on the importance of its content, or its potentially controversial or precedent-setting nature. Peer review was conducted by highly qualified individuals with subject area technical expertise and was overseen by a peer review manager. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. This report is available from the Pacific Island Network (http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/pacn/) and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/nrpm/). Please cite this publication as: Ainsworth, A., J. D. Jacobi, R. K. Loh, J. A. Christian, C. Yanger, and P. Berkowitz. 2012. Established invasive plant species monitoring protocol: Pacific Island Network. Natural Resource Report NPS/PACN/NRR—2012/514. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 988/113810, April 2012 ii Change History Only changes in the protocol narrative will be logged here. Version numbers will be incremented by a whole number (e.g., Version 1.3 to Version 2.0) for major changes. Version numbers will be incremented by decimals (e.g., Version 1.6 to Version 1.7) for minor modifications. The following revisions have occurred to the protocol narrative since February 29, 2012. Version # Date Revised by Changes Justification iii Contents Page Figures............................................................................................................................................ ix Tables ............................................................................................................................................. ix Appendices ..................................................................................................................................... xi Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................... xv Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... xvii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... xix Chapter 1: Background and Objectives .......................................................................................... 1 Rationale for Monitoring Nonnative Plant Species ................................................................. 1 Established Invasive Plant Species .......................................................................................... 1 Pacific Islands .......................................................................................................................... 2 History of Monitoring Invasive Plant Species ......................................................................... 3 Hawai‘i PACN Parks .......................................................................................................... 3 Other PACN Parks .............................................................................................................. 4 Within the State of Hawai‘i ................................................................................................ 5 Other Inventory and Monitoring Networks ........................................................................ 6 Outside Agencies ................................................................................................................ 6 Relationship to other PACN Terrestrial Monitoring Protocols ............................................... 7 Monitoring Objectives ............................................................................................................. 8 Chapter 2: Sampling Design ........................................................................................................... 9 Rationale for Selection of Sampling Design ........................................................................... 9 Target Population ..................................................................................................................... 9 Sampling Frame ..................................................................................................................... 11 Sampling Units ...................................................................................................................... 11 v Contents (continued) Page Selection of Sampling Locations (Spatial Design) ................................................................ 12 Sampling Frequency and Replication (Temporal Design) .................................................... 14 Level of Change Detection and Management Trigger Points ............................................... 15 Chapter 3: Field Methods.............................................................................................................. 17 Field Season Preparations ...................................................................................................... 17 Field Methods ........................................................................................................................ 17 Locating and Establishing Belt Transects ......................................................................... 17 Collecting Data Along Transects ...................................................................................... 18 After the Field Season ........................................................................................................... 19 Chapter 4: Data Handling, Analysis, and Reporting ..................................................................... 21 Project Information Management Overview ......................................................................... 21 Pre-season Preparations for Information Management ......................................................... 22 Set Up Project Workspace ................................................................................................ 22 GPS Loading and Preparation ........................................................................................... 22 Implement Working Database Copy ................................................................................. 22 Overview of Database Design ............................................................................................... 22 Data Entry and Processing ..................................................................................................... 24 Regular Data Backups....................................................................................................... 24 Data Verification ............................................................................................................... 24 Field Form Handling Procedures ...................................................................................... 25 Image Handling Procedures .............................................................................................. 25 GPS Data Procedures ........................................................................................................ 25 vi Contents (continued) Page Data Quality Review .............................................................................................................
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