Current research in African Studies Current research in African Studies Papers in Honour of Mwalimu Dr. Eugeniusz Rzewuski edited by Iwona Kraska-Szlenk and Beata Wójtowicz Warsaw 2014 The publication of this book is sponsored by the Faculty of Oriental Studies and Vice-Rector of the University of Warsaw, and by the University of Warsaw Foundation Recommended for publication by Prof. Nina Pawlak Portuguese text proofread by Carlos Romualdo and Bento Sitoe Cover design: Agnieszka Miłaszewicz © Copyright by Contributors for their respective articles and Dom Wydawniczy Elipsa, Warsaw 2014 ISBN 978-83-7151-716-7 Typesetting and printed by: Dom Wydawniczy ELIPSA ul. Inflancka 15/198, 00-189 Warszawa tel./fax 22 635 03 01, 22 635 17 85 e-mail: [email protected], www.elipsa.pl Dr. Eugeniusz Rzewuski Contents Editors’ preface . 11 Stanisław Piłaszewicz Dr. Eugeniusz Rzewuski – Portrait of the Scholar . 13 Perpétua Gonçalves, Adelina Gouveia “Geração da independência” de Moçambique . 17 Publications of Dr. Eugeniusz Rzewuski . 19 Zuzanna Augustyniak Konstytucja Cesarstwa Etiopskiego z 1930 roku – pierwszy krok ku modernizacji państwa czy próba wprowadzenia monarchii absolutnej? . 25 Sergio Baldi, Kyallo Wadi Wamitila Ideophones in Swahili: a preliminary survey . 39 Maud Devos, Thilo C. Schadeberg How did Shangaji come to be a nasal language? . 61 Renata Diaz-Szmidt The image of women in the novels of the first generation of Mozambican and Equato-Guinean women writers . 83 Zygmunt Frajzyngier The limitative anaphors . 93 Bernd Heine, Christa König, Karsten Legère What does it mean to be an endangered language? The state of Akie, a Tanzanian language . 107 8 Contents Arvi Hurskainen Use of English words in Tanzanian Parliament discussions . 123 Jakub Jankowski Quem é e quem foi o Xiconhoca? Vigilância sobre o protagonista . 133 Anna Kalewska O cinema angolano entre o colonialismo português e a emancipação identitária africana . 149 Iwona Kraska-Szlenk Swahili embodied metaphors in the domain of family and community relations . 163 Marcin Krawczuk Some remarks on the Ethiopic martyrdom of St. Hripsime . 175 Michel Lafon The vexed question of African languages in education. Still a solution may lay in front of us. Revisiting Orality for an authentic African future . 183 Sozinho Francisco Matsinhe The perils and prospects of bilingual education in Africa with special reference to Mozambique . 209 Gudrun Miehe Nasal(ised) vowels in Gur (Voltaic) languages: an assessment report . 229 Armindo A. Ngunga One language, two phonologies: The case of moraic nasals in Ciyao . 251 Marek Pawełczak Śmierć kapitana Brownrigga a schyłek rządów plantatorów na Pembie . 269 Nina Pawlak Językowe modele osoby w hausa i ich kontekst kulturowy . 283 Stanisław Piłaszewicz Bature Tanimu Gagare: działacz społeczny i pisarz . 301 Annachiara Raia Remarks on Swahili – manuscripts in Arabic script: layout and orthography of the Utendi wa Yusuf . 313 Hanna Rubinkowska-Anioł, Ewa Wołk-Sore Etiopski intelektualista i jego dzieło – pomiędzy oraturą a literaturą . 331 Contents 9 Bento Sitoe Escrevendo nas nossas linguaculturas . 347 Krzysztof Trzciński Słów kilka o potencjalnej przydatności indyjskich rozwiązań politycznych dla demokratyzacji państw Afryki Subsaharyjskiej . 355 Michał Tymowski Tuat – pielgrzymi, foggary i el-kijal (fragmenty dziennika pisanego w czasie II Akademickiej wyprawy Afrykańskiej Sahara 74) . 367 Rainer Vossen Animal names in Nilotic and Khoisan languages from a comparative-reconstructive perspective . 377 Izabela Will Quo vadis, Nollywood? . 393 Rafał Wiśniewski Africans in the eyes of Poles. Conclusions of the Polish Assessment of Values and Attitudes and other empirical studies . 403 Beata Wójtowicz A glimpse at the history of Swahili lexicography . 413 List of photographs . 427 Editors’ preface We offer this collection to our dear Colleague and Mwalimu Dr. Eugeniusz Rzewuski as our appreciation of his constant love for and great knowledge of Africa, and his generous sharing of this passion and expertise with everybody around him. As Eugeniusz’s former students and then colleagues in the Department of African Languages and Cultures we have received incredible amounts of enlightenment, stimulus, support and positive vibes from him. He guided us through the intricacies of the Swahili language and culture, and introduced us to African linguistics. He never hesitated to dedicate his time and knowledge to encourage us in our research ideas and studies. He also always shared with us his current research projects and interests, whether they be Indian Ocean civilizations, ajami manuscripts, multilingual education, Swahili travelogues, lusona drawings, or computer technologies. His deep knowledge of various fields in African Studies served many generations of students at the University of Warsaw and inspired them further in their professional activities and promotion of African culture in Poland. Upon beginning this project, we immediately realized that Eugeniusz’s other Colleagues had equally positive feelings toward him. He was a friend and a mentor to many, who will always remember the good emotions they shared while doing research together. For the Colleagues from Mozambique, Eugeniusz is part of the generation of independence, as Perpétua Gonçalves and Adelina Gouveia write in their introductory essay, while pointing out his efforts toward recognition of cultural value of Bantu languages. Drawing a Portrait of the Scholar Stanisław Piłaszewicz brings to attention Eugeniusz’s diplomatic career and many other missions he conducted in African countries and in Poland for the purpose of intercultural dialogue and understanding; they brought him numerous awards and people’s gratitude. 12 Editors’ preface The papers collected in this volume reflect our own and Eugeniusz’s interests within the broad area of African Studies, providing samples of current research projects in linguistics, literature, history, art, and education. We thank all Colleagues who have kindly agreed to participate as Authors. We are also grateful to Ewa Rzewuska for contributing family photographs and to Nina Pawlak, the Head of the Department of African Languages and Cultures at the University of Warsaw, for her general support on this project. Editors Dr. Eugeniusz Rzewuski Portrait of the Scholar Eugeniusz Rzewuski, an outstanding scholar and diplomat, belongs to the most prominent Polish Africanists, specialising in the field of the Swahili language, literature and culture, and making research on Portuguese Creole languages of Africa. He was born in Lublin on November 19th, 1944. His parents were white-collar workers: his father exercised profession of an agriculture engineer, and his mother was a teacher. After the Second World War the whole family moved to Wrocław, where E. Rzewuski had been living since June 1946 up to October 1962. In that town he completed his primary, and then the secondary education in a Grammar School (Liceum Ogólnokształcące). Having received the General Certificate of Education, in 1962 he passed an entrance examination and was admitted to the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Warsaw. As an excellent student in the field of African philology, he graduated in 1967 having submitted an M.A. thesis entitled „Structure of the Noun in the Kingwana Dialect” which was supervised by Professor Stefan Strelcyn. With the highest mark he got his M.A. diploma in African Studies. In 1967/68 E. Rzewuski undertook assistant preparatory studies and in 1968/72 continued his research at the Ph.D. level in the Institute of Oriental Studies, University of Warsaw. In the meantime the Department of African Studies, State University of Leningrad (now Petersburg) offered him a six months research internship under the supervision of Professor Dmitri Ol’derogge. In 1972 he was awarded Ph.D. degree with the thesis on „Nominal Roots in Word- Formation Structures in Swahili” which was written under the supervision of Professor Witold Tyloch. 14 Dr. Eugeniusz Rzewuski – Portrait of the Scholar Having defended his Ph.D. thesis, E. Rzewuski was employed in the Department of African and Semitic Studies (a mutation of the Department of Semitic Studies, now Department of African Languages and Cultures). From February, 1974 he has been Assistant Professor (adiunkt) and then Senior Lecturer (starszy wykładowca) in the Department. During his academic career he was engaged in many research trips and visits. In 1972/73 he took the lead of a scientific expedition which was organised by the former African Studies Centre (now Institute of Regional and Global Studies), Univeristy of Warsaw. The expedition overran some 13 African countries. For 6 years, in 1977–1983 Eugeniusz somewhere in Africa during he was an Assistant Professor in the 1972/73 AWA expedition Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo Eugeniusz with his wife Ewa, Luanda, Angola, September 2004 Dr. Eugeniusz Rzewuski – Portrait of the Scholar 15 (Mozambique), where he has founded the famous Centre for the Study of Mozambican Languages. And then in 1991 he was Visiting Professor at the Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Escola Superior de Educaçao in Santarém (Portugal). In the frame of the Erasmus mobility program he visited many universities like Lisbon, Helsinki, Naples, Nice and others. He represented the University of Warsaw on numerous national and international conferences. Being deeply engaged in the promotion of African cultures and languages, he became a member of many societies and boards like Polish Oriental Studies