Emily Brownell-Final June 2012

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Emily Brownell-Final June 2012 Copyright by Emily Beth Brownell 2012 The Dissertation Committee for Emily Beth Brownell Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Growing: An Environmental History of Urban Expansion in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Committee: Toyin Falola, Supervisor Erika Bsumek Ruramisai Charumbira Catherine Boone Gregory Maddox Growing: An Environmental History of Urban Growth in Dar es Growing: An Environmental History of Urban Expansion in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Tanzania by Emily Beth Brownell, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin Dedication For my grandmothers, Marilyn Folkman Greathouse and Eva Mae Cole Brownell. Acknowledgements I want to thank Toyin Falola for not only guiding me through graduate school and my dissertation but for what I know will be a lifetime long mentorship and friendship. Him and his wife Bisi Falola treated me as part of their family when I arrived in Austin and I will always be grateful for that. Erika Bsumek quickly became, despite her scholarly distance from African subjects, an irreplaceable mentor, guiding me through my own thoughts and reflections of how my project fit into the field of environmental history. I am also eternally grateful for all of her “local knowledge” about the pitfalls and joys of academia that she so graciously passed on to me as I came up against obstacles and frustrations. After meeting Gregory Maddox, he quickly became a crucial source of reflection and feedback for me working both in the fields of environmental history and Tanzanian history. Ruramisai Charumbira and Catherine Boone, as committee members gave me invaluable feedback and critique. In Tanzania, my research was facilitated by a generous group of people including Wolfgang Scholz, Kassim Kindinda my research assistant, The Tanzanian National Archives and their staff, COSTECH, Ardhi University School of Urban and Regional Planning at The University of Dar es Salaam, John Lupala, and my constant friend for venting about the frustrations of research, Roxanne Miller I am grateful for the funding and support over the years The University of Texas at Austin Department of History; I am so happy I came here. In particular, I have asked Marilyn Lehman our graduate coordinator countless questions and she always has the right answer. I would also like to thank the University of Texas Continuing Fellowship Committee, The Center for African and African American Studies at the University of Texas at Austin, the LBJ School of Public Policy’s Climate Change and Political Stability v program, the United States Department of Defense Boren Fellowship. Finally, I am thankful to my family for all their support and knowing to not ask too frequently when I will be done with school. My amazing surrogate family of friends in Austin may have not had much to do with this dissertation itself but they certainly make finishing it so bittersweet. vi Growing: An Environmental History of Urban Expansion in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Emily Beth Brownell, PhD The University of Texas at Austin, 2012 Supervisor: Toyin Falola A study of environment and place, “Growing” is an examination of urban transformation that focuses on Dar es Salaam’s geographical and social fringes. This work examines the physical expansion of Tanzania’s largest city from independence until the implementation of Structural Adjustment Programs in the mid 1980s. The goal of this work is threefold: to examine how new migrants to the city accessed important resources, to analyze how their tactics for survival change the environment and geography of the city and lastly, to consider the political battles that ensued over these resources and the city’s changing landscape. To deconstruct the nature of this geographical expansion, each chapter focuses on a different fundamental element of the city including land use, food scarcity and production, the politics of waste management, how citizens navigated city spaces in the face of dramatic transportation shortages and how national and transnational narratives of development influenced (and neglected) the formation of the city. vii Table of Contents Introduction ..............................................................................................................1 Chapter One: Narratives of Development in Tanzania ..........................................25 African Development after World War II .....................................................28 Tanzanian development and the growth of ‘self-help’ .................................33 Imagining urban development ......................................................................55 Dar es Salaam after Arusha ...........................................................................59 Self-help urbanism ........................................................................................66 Fighting urban primacy: creating the non-Dar es Salaam ............................75 Chapter Two: Going to the Ground: Land and Housing in Dar es Salaam ...........78 Informality and urban growth in African cities ............................................79 Land in the Colonial City ..............................................................................83 “Best being the enemy of the good” ...........................................................104 Going to the ground: the hinterlands and mbagala .....................................113 Conclusion ..................................................................................................118 Chapter Three: The Political Ecology of Food Supply in Dar es Salaam ...........121 Colonial Food Supply and Urban Bias .......................................................124 Post-colonial Food Distribution and the Evolution of a Food Crisis ..........131 Dukwallahs and Food Stalls ........................................................................144 Farming for Life on the Fringes ..................................................................152 Conclusion ..................................................................................................157 Chapter Four: Cars, Buses, and the Energy Crisis: The Politics of Mobility in 1970s Dar es Salaam .............................................................................................160 Mobility and the Migrant ............................................................................161 Transportation Infrastructure and the Construction of an arterial City .......167 Roads And The Hinterland Economy .........................................................173 Buses and workers ......................................................................................179 cars 184 viii Conserving oil .............................................................................................189 Chapter Five: Seeing Dirt in Dar es Salaam: Sanitation, Waste and Citizenship in the Post-Colonial City .......................................................................................198 Planning for the city ....................................................................................201 Discipline and Waste: discursive urbanization ...........................................213 Reuse and self-reliance ...............................................................................220 Conclusion ..................................................................................................223 Epilogue ...............................................................................................................228 Bibliography ........................................................................................................230 Vita .....................................................................................................................251 ix Introduction In 1972, reporter Guido Magome, writing in the Tanganyika Standard about Dar es Salaam’s “squatting problem,” argued that “if squatter settlements must continue to be established then Party and Government leaders must adopt a rural development approach rather than an urban attitude. We must cooperate with the squatters by making them feel that the settlements are their responsibility, not of an urban authority.”1 In light of events that unfolded during the next decade, Magome’s article reads like a prescient policy recommendation since citizen-led development was forced to fill the vacuum created by the virtual absence of government-instigated infrastructure development on the outskirts of Dar es Salaam. “On the other hand,” Magome quickly added, contradicting his prescription for dealing with growing peri-urban populations, “the Government should as far as possible avoid moving whole multitudes of people from town centres to outlying areas… especially when the replaced population cannot be accommodated in new multi- storey buildings which replace ordinary dwellings.”2 Magome seems unaware of what citizen-led settlement was bound to look like without government support, and, as is often the purview of the state in this story, he was eager that it be controlled while also desiring it to be citizen-motivated and funded. A few months earlier, a newspaper editorial by the Standard’s Jenerali Ulimwengu argued a different position, suggesting that poor living conditions for workers in Dar should be considered a “source of shame” for Tanzanians as they were “the acknowledged creators
Recommended publications
  • Issued by the Britain-Tanzania Society No 104 Jan - April 2013
    Tanzanian Affairs Text 1 Issued by the Britain-Tanzania Society No 104 Jan - April 2013 Big Progress in Transport Death of a Journalist A Tale of Two Museums Meaning in Miscellanea Faith News BIG PROGRESS IN TRANSPORT New ‘no frills’ airline launched A new ‘no frills’ airline called ‘Fastjet’, modelled on the Easyjet airline which has revolutionised air travel in Europe, was launched in Africa on November 29th. The famous entrepreneur Sir Stelios Haji Ioannou, who started Easyjet, has joined with Lonrho’s airline, which flies in West Africa to establish the new group. Significantly, Fastjet chose to begin in Tanzania and Dar es Salaam airport will be its first African hub. It has already leased two planes, has 15 more on order (all Airbus A319s with a capacity for up to 156 passengers), and plans to build up to a fleet of 40. Tanzania’s dynamic Minister of Transport, Dr Harrison Mwakyembe, spoke about the unusually speedy implementation of this vast project when he addressed a crowded AGM of the Britain Tanzania Society in London in mid November. Fastjet plans to expand from Tanzania into Kenya in 2013 and then to Ghana and Angola which are already served by the Lonrho airline. It is advertising for pilots, passenger services agents, cabin crew and crew managers and also for retail sales agents in the East African media. ‘Taking the country by storm.’ The Citizen wrote that the launch had taken the country by storm, as the airline transported 900 passengers in eight flights from Dar to Mwanza and Kilimanjaro and back on its first day! The airline’s management told investors that demand for seats on these routes far outstripped supply.
    [Show full text]
  • Dar Es Salaam-Ch1.P65
    Chapter One The Emerging Metropolis: A history of Dar es Salaam, circa 1862-2000 James R. Brennan and Andrew Burton This chapter offers an overview history of Dar es Salaam. It proceeds chronologically from the town’s inception in the 1860s to its present-day status as one of the largest cities in Africa. Within this sequential structure are themes that resurface in later chapters. Dar es Salaam is above all a site of juxtaposition between the local, the national, and the cosmopolitan. Local struggles for authority between Shomvi and Zaramo, as well as Shomvi and Zaramo indigenes against upcountry immigrants, stand alongside racialized struggles between Africans and Indians for urban space, global struggles between Germany and Britain for military control, and national struggles between European colonial officials and African nationalists for political control. Not only do local, national, and cosmopolitan contexts reveal the layers of the town’s social cleavages, they also reveal the means and institutions of social and cultural belonging. Culturally Dar es Salaam represents a modern reformulation of the Swahili city. Indeed it might be argued that, partly due to the lack of dominant founding fathers and an established urban society pre- dating its rapid twentieth century growth, this late arrival on the East African coast is the contemporary exemplar of Swahili virtues of cosmopolitanism and cultural exchange. Older coastal cities of Mombasa and Zanzibar struggle to match Dar es Salaam in its diversity and, paradoxically, its high degree of social integration. Linguistically speaking, it is without doubt a Swahili city; one in which this language of nineteenth-century economic incorporation has flourished as a twentieth-century vehicle of social and cultural incorporation for migrants from the African interior as well as from the shores of the western Indian Ocean.
    [Show full text]
  • WORKING PAPER February 2012
    REPORT ON INVESTIGATION OF DAR ES SALAAM’S INSTITUTIONAL ACTIVITIES RELATED TO CLIMATE CHANGE WORKING PAPER February 2012 KASSENGA, Gabriel (ARDHI University) MBULIGWE, Stephen (ARDHI University) The project is co-funded by European Union How to quote: Kassenga Gabriel, Mbuligwe Stephen “Report on Investigation of Dar es Salaam‘s Institutional Activities related to Climate Change” Working Paper, February 2012 Dae es Salaam: Ardhi University. Available at: http://www.planning4adaptation.eu/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Table of Contents Figures IV Tables V Annexes VI Acknowledgements VII 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background and Rationale of the ACC Dar Projectt 1 1.2 Objective and Purpose o the Study 1 1.3 Study Methodology 1 1.4 Scope and Organisation of the Report 2 2 Dar es Salaam City 3 2.1 Introduction 3 2.2 Dar es Salaam City Physical and Social-Economic Characteristics 3 2.3 Survey Findings 5 2.3.1 Names and Details of the Interviews 6 2.3.2 Age Distribution 6 2.3.3 Education Profile 6 2.3.4 Period of Service 7 2.3.5 Competence and Responsibilities 7 2.3.6 Relationship between Institutions 8 2.3.7 Strategies and Programs in PU 8 2.3.8 Specific Policies and Strategies for PU 9 2.3.9 Financial Resources 10 2.3.10 Facility Supply in the PU 10 2.3.11 Development Changes in the PU in Past Years 11 2.3.12 Main Linkage and Interdependencies between City Centre, PU and Rural Areas 11 2.3.13 Informal and Formal Groups, NGOs, CBOs and
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Tanzania
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced frommicrofilm the master. U M I films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/ 761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Order Number 9507836 War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania Francis, Joyce L., Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Crime and Policing Issues in Dar Es Salaam Tanzania Focusing On: Community Neighbourhood Watch Groups - “Sungusungu”
    CRIME AND POLICING ISSUES IN DAR ES SALAAM TANZANIA FOCUSING ON: COMMUNITY NEIGHBOURHOOD WATCH GROUPS - “SUNGUSUNGU” PRESENTED AT THE 1st SUB SAHARAN EXECUTIVE POLICING CONFERENCE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHIEFS OF POLICE (IACP) DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA: 27 – 30 AUGUST, 2000 Contents PREFACE:.........................................................................................................................................................................................I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................................................................III 1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................................ 7 DAR ES SALAAM IN BRIEF............................................................................................................................................................. 7 1.1 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION:......................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 HISTORICAL:.................................................................................................................................................................. 7 1.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING:.................................................................................................. 9 1.4 ORGANISATIONAL SETTING:.......................................................................................................................................13
    [Show full text]
  • Final Thesis Report
    INVESTIGATING THE INTRA-URBAN INEQUALITIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL INJUSTICE ON URBAN DEPRIVATION IN DAR ES SALAAM CITY – TANZANIA DEO DAMIAN MSILU March, 2009 Investigating the Intra-Urban Inequalities and Environmental Injustice on Urban Deprivation in Dar Es Salaam City – Tanzania By Deo Damian Msilu Thesis submitted to the International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, Specialization: (Governance and Spatial Information Management) Thesis Assessment Board Prof. Dr.Ing. P. Y. Georgiadou Chair person Dr. F.J. Coenen External examiner Prof. Dr. Ir. A. Stein Examiner Dr.J.A. Martinez Examiner Drs. Johan de Meijere First supervisor Prof. Dr. Anne van der Veen Second supervisor Ir. M.C. Bronsveld Observer INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR GEO-INFORMATION SCIENCE AND EARTH OBSERVATION ENSCHEDE, THE NETHERLANDS Investigating the Intra-urban Inequality and Environmental injustices on Urban deprivation in Dar es salaam city - Tanzania Disclaimer This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation. All views and opinions expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the institute. Investigating the Intra-urban Inequality and Environmental injustices on Urban deprivation in Dar es salaam city - Tanzania Abstract Spatial indicators of inequality, rather than simply poverty, and environmental injustices are two essential tools for today’s urban policy makers and planners (UNHSP, 2004 pp. 86). Most research on urban deprivation in Sub-Saharan Africa has been based on monetary indicators (income and consumption).
    [Show full text]
  • AC Vol 45 No 9
    www.africa-confidential.com 30 April 2004 Vol 45 No 9 AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL TANZANIA 3 SUDAN Troubled isles The union between the mainland Mass murder and Zanzibar – 40 years old this Ten years after Rwanda’s genocide, the NIF regime kills and displaces week – remains a political hotspot, tens of thousands of civilians in Darfur – with impunity mainly because the ruling CCM has rigged two successive elections on Civilians in Darfur continue to die as a result of the National Islamic Front regime’s ethnic cleansing and the islands. Some hope that former in the absence of serious diplomatic pressure. United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan has warned OAU Secretary General Salim that international military intervention might be required to stop the slaughter in Darfur, while senior UN Ahmed Salim of Zanzibar will take officials refer to the NIF regime’s scorched earth policy as ‘genocide’ or ‘ethnic cleansing’. Yet last week over from President Mkapa next the UN Commission on Human Rights (UNOHCHR) in Geneva again refused to recommend strong year and negotiate a new settlement with the opposition CUF. action against Khartoum and suppressed its own highly critical investigation, which found that government agents had killed, raped and tortured civilians. On 23 April, the NIF exploited anti-Americanism to defeat a call from the United States and European MALAWI 4Union to reinstate a Special Rapporteur (SR) on Human Rights. At 2003’s annual session, Khartoum had successfully lobbied for the removal as SR of the German lawyer and former Interior Minister Gerhard Bingu the favourite Baum, an obvious candidate for enquiries in Darfur.
    [Show full text]
  • Nakala Ya Mtandao (Online Document) 1 BUNGE LA TANZANIA
    Nakala ya Mtandao (Online Document) BUNGE LA TANZANIA ___________ MAJADILIANO YA BUNGE _____________ MKUTANO WA KUMI NA TANO Kikao cha Thelathini na Tatu - Tarehe 16 Juni, 2014 (Mkutano Ulianza Saa 3.00 Asubuhi) D U A Naibu Spika (Mhe. Job Y. Ndugai) Alisoma Dua SPIKA: Waheshimiwa Wabunge tukae. Katibu! HATI ZILIZOWASILISHWA MEZANI: Hati Zifuatazo Ziliwasilishwa Mezani na :- MWENYEKITI WA KAMATI YA BAJETI: Taarifa ya Kamati ya Bajeti Juu ya Hali ya Uchumi wa Taifa kwa Mwaka 2013 na Mpango wa Maendeleo wa Taifa kwa Mwaka 2014/2015 Pamoja na Tathmini ya Utekelezaji wa Bajeti ya Serikali kwa Mwaka 2013/2014 na Mapendekezo ya Mapato na Matumizi ya Serikali kwa Mwaka wa Fedha 2014/2015. MHE. RAJAB MBAROUK MOHAMMED (K.n.y. MSEMAJI MKUU WA KAMBI YA UPINZANI WA OFISI YA RAIS, MAHUSIANO NA URATIBU): Taarifa ya Msemaji Mkuu wa Kambi ya Upinzani wa Ofisi ya Rais (Mahusiano na Uratibu) Juu ya Hali ya Uchumi wa Taifa kwa Mwaka 2013 na Mpango wa Maendeleo wa Taifa kwa Mwaka wa Fedha 2014/2015. MHE. CHRISTINA LISSU MUGHWAI (K.n.y. MSEMAJI MKUU WA KAMBI YA UPINZANI WA WIZARA YA FEDHA): Taarifa ya Msemaji Mkuu wa Kambi ya Upinzani wa Wizara ya Fedha juu ya Makadirio ya Mapato na Matumizi ya Serikali kwa Mwaka wa Fedha 2014/2015. Na. 240 Ukosefu wa Hati Miliki MHE. NYAMBARI C. M. NYANGWINE aliuliza:- Ukosefu wa Hatimiliki za Kimila Vijijini unasababisha migogoro mingi ya ardhi baina ya Kaya, Kijiji na Koo na kupelekea kutoweka kwa amani kwa wananchi kama inavyotokea huko Tarime. 1 Nakala ya Mtandao (Online Document) (a) Je, ni kwa nini Serikali haitoi
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of the Implementation of Land Surveyed
    ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LAND SURVEYED PROJECTS FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENT DEVELOPMENT: A CASE OF ILALA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL GODFREY MLOTWA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT OF THE OPEN UNIVERSITY OF TANZANIA 2015 ii CERTIFICATION The undersigned certifies that he has read and hereby recommends for acceptance by Open University of Tanzania, a dissertation titled; “Assessment of the Implementation of Land Surveyed Projects for Human Settlement Development: A Case of Ilala Municipal Council” in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Project Management of the Open University of Tanzania. ……………………………… Dr. Salum Mohamed (Supervisor) ……………………………… Date iii COPYRIGHT No part of this thesis may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the author or the Open University of Tanzania in that behalf. iv DECLARATION I, Godfrey Mlotwa, do hereby declare that this dissertation is my own original work and that it has not been presented and will not be presented to any other university for a similar or any other degree award. ___________________________ Signature ____________________________ Date v DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the memory of my late father Rodrick Edward Mlotwa who some 30 years ago, took me to school. He was happily fulfilled his parental responsibility without knowing I would reach this stage in my life. Rest in Peace my daddy, Amen. This work is also dedicated to my beloved wife Janeth Peter Mayanja who encourages me to undertake this study and our children Collin and Carlen who were not tired of saying bye “baba” and “pole baba” throughout the period of this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Modelling Informal Settlement Growth in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
    MODELLING INFORMAL SETTLEMENT GROWTH in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania FIKRESELASSIE KASSAHUN ABEBE March, 2011 SUPERVISORS: Dr. Johannes Flacke Dr. Richard Sliuzas MODELLING INFORMAL SETTLEMENT GROWTH in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania FIKRESELASSIE KASSAHUN ABEBE Enschede, The Netherlands, March, 2011 Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geo-information Science and Earth Observation. Specialization: Urban Planning and Management SUPERVISORS: Dr. Johannes Flacke Dr. Richard Sliuzas THESIS ASSESSMENT BOARD: Prof. Dr. Ir. M.F.A.M. van Maarseveen (Chair) MSc. Ms. Olena Dubovyk (External Examiner, University of Bonn) Dr. Johannes Flacke (1st Supervisor) Dr. Richard Sliuzas (2nd Supervisor) DISCLAIMER This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente. All views and opinions expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the Faculty. ABSTRACT Dar es Salaam has witnessed rapid urbanization abreast many challenges that informal settlements have become inevitable manifestation of it. Although these settlements are known for relentless growth - leapfrogging into the unplanned periphery, very little is known about the driving forces for their sustained expansion and densification. Investigation of key driving forces of informal settlement growth in the city by coupling the potentials of Geo-Information Science with logistic regression modelling technique is made. A list of probable drivers is prepared in consultation with literature and experts‟ opinion, where in parallel spatio–temporal pattern of informal settlement expansion, 1982-2002, and densification, 1992- 1998, was conducted.
    [Show full text]
  • Cwr on EAST AFRICA If She Can Look up to You Shell Never Look Down on Herself
    cwr ON EAST AFRICA If she can look up to you shell never look down on herself. <& 1965, The Coca-Cola Company JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1988 AMERICA'S VOLUME 33, NUMBER 1 LEADING MAGAZINE cBFRICfl ON AFRICA A Publication of the (REPORT African-American Institute Letters to the Editor Update The Editor: Andre Astrow African-American Institute Chairman Uganda Randolph Nugent Ending the Rule of the Gun 14 President By Catharine Watson Donald B. Easum Interview with President Yoweri Museveni IK By Margaret A. Novicki and Marline Dennis Kenya Publisher The Dynamics of Discontent 22 Frank E. Ferrari By Lindsey Hilsum Editor-in-Chief Dealing with Dissent Margaret A. Novicki Tanzania Interview with President Ali Hassan Mwinyi Managing Editor 27 Alana Lee By Margaret A. Novicki Acting Managing Editor Politics After Dodoma 30 Daphne Topouzis By Philip Smith Assistant Editor Burkina Special Report Andre Astrow A Revolution Derailed 33 Editorial Assistant By Ernest Harsch W. LaBier Jones Ethiopia On Famine's Brink 40 Art Director By Patrick Moser Joseph Pomar Advertising Director Eritrea: The Food Weapon 44 Barbara Spence Manonelie, Inc. By Michael Yellin (718) 773-9869. 756-9244 Sudan Contributing Editor Prospects for Peace? 45 Michael Maren By Robert M. Press Interns Somalia Joy Assefa Judith Surkis What Price Political Prisoners? 48 By Richard Greenfield Comoros Africa Reporl (ISSN 0001-9836), a non- 52 partisan magazine of African affairs, is The Politics of Isolation published bimonthly and is scheduled By Michael Griffin to appear at the beginning of each date period ai 833 United Nations Plaza. Education New York, N.Y.
    [Show full text]
  • Politics, Decolonisation, and the Cold War in Dar Es Salaam C
    A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick Permanent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/87426 Copyright and reuse: This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: [email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications Politics, decolonisation, and the Cold War in Dar es Salaam c. 1965-72 by George Roberts A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History University of Warwick, Department of History, September 2016 Politics, decolonisation, and the Cold War in Dar es Salaam, c. 1965-72 Acknowledgements 4 Summary 5 Abbreviations and acronyms 6 Maps 8 Introduction 10 Rethinking the Cold War and decolonisation 12 The ‘Cold War city’ 16 Tanzanian history and the shadow of Julius Nyerere 20 A note on the sources 24 1 – From uhuru to Arusha: Tanzania and the world, 1961-67 34 Nyerere’s foreign policy 34 The Zanzibar Revolution 36 The Dar es Salaam mutiny 38 The creation of Tanzania 40 The foreign policy crises of 1964-65 43 The turn to Beijing 47 Revisiting the Arusha Declaration 50 The June 1967 government reshuffle 54 Oscar Kambona’s flight into exile 56 Conclusion 58 2 – Karibu Dar es Salaam: the political geography of a Cold War city 60 Dar es Salaam 61 Spaces 62 News 67 Propaganda
    [Show full text]