National Park Service Cultural Landscapes Inventory Dupont
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National Park Service Cultural Landscapes Inventory 2013 Dupont Circle National Mall & Memorial Parks - L'Enfant Plan Reservations Dupont Circle National Mall and Memorial Parks Table of Contents Inventory Unit Summary & Site Plan Inventory Unit Description ............................................................................................................. Page 2 Site Plan ........................................................................................................................................ Page 3 Concurrence Status Inventory Status ............................................................................................................................ Page 5 Geographic Information & Location Map Inventory Unit Boundary Description ............................................................................................ Page 7 Boundary UTMs ............................................................................................................................ Page 8 Location Map .................................................................................................................... .............Page 9 Management Information Management Category ................................................................................................................ Page 10 National Register Information Existing National Register Status ................................................................................................ Page 13 National Register Eligibility.......................................................................................................... Page 15 Statement of Significance ........................................................................................................... Page 15 Chronology & Physical History Cultural Landscape Type and Use .............................................................................................. Page 18 Chronology .................................................................................................................................. Page 19 Physical History ........................................................................................................................... Page 54 Analysis and Evaluation of Integrity Analysis and Evaluation of Integrity Narrative Summary ............................................................ Page 83 Landscape Characteristics and Features Spatial Organization .................................................................................................................... Page 86 Land Use ..................................................................................................................................... Page 87 Circulation ................................................................................................................................... Page 88 Vegetation ................................................................................................................................... Page 91 Buildings and Structures ............................................................................................................. Page 97 Views and Vistas ......................................................................................................................... Page 98 Constructed Water Features ..................................................................................................... Page 100 Small Scale Features ................................................................................................................ Page 102 Cultural Landscape Inventory Dupont Circle National Mall and Memorial Parks Condition.................................................................................................................................. Page 110 Treatment ................................................................................................................................. Page 111 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................. Page112 Cultural Landscape Inventory Dupont Circle National Mall & Memorial Parks - L'Enfant Plan Reservations Inventory Unit Summary & Site Plan Inventory Summary The Cultural Landscapes Inventory Overview: CLI General Information: Purpose and Goals of the CLI The Cultural Landscapes Inventory (CLI), a comprehensive inventory of all cultural landscapes in the national park system, is one of the most ambitious initiatives of the National Park Service (NPS) Park Cultural Landscapes Program. The CLI is an evaluated inventory of all landscapes having historical significance that are listed on or eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places, or are otherwise managed as cultural resources through a public planning process and in which the NPS has or plans to acquire any legal interest. The CLI identifies and documents each landscape’s location, size, physical development, condition, landscape characteristics, character-defining features, as well as other valuable information useful to park management. Cultural landscapes become approved CLIs when concurrence with the findings is obtained from the park superintendent and all required data fields are entered into a national database. In addition, for landscapes that are not currently listed on the National Register and/or do not have adequate documentation, concurrence is required from the State Historic Preservation Officer or the Keeper of the National Register. The CLI, like the List of Classified Structures, assists the NPS in its efforts to fulfill the identification and management requirements associated with Section 110(a) of the National Historic Preservation Act, National Park Service Management Policies (2006), and Director’s Order #28: Cultural Resource Management. Since launching the CLI nationwide, the NPS, in response to the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA), is required to report information that respond to NPS strategic plan accomplishments. Two GPRA goals are associated with the CLI: bringing certified cultural landscapes into good condition (Goal 1a7) and increasing the number of CLI records that have complete, accurate, and reliable information (Goal 1b2B). Scope of the CLI The information contained within the CLI is gathered from existing secondary sources found in park libraries and archives and at NPS regional offices and centers, as well as through on-site reconnaissance of the existing landscape. The baseline information collected provides a comprehensive look at the historical development and significance of the landscape, placing it in context of the site’s overall significance. Documentation and analysis of the existing landscape identifies character-defining characteristics and features, and allows for an evaluation of the landscape’s overall integrity and an assessment of the landscape’s overall condition. The CLI also provides an illustrative site plan that indicates major features within the inventory unit. Unlike cultural landscape reports, the CLI does not provide management recommendations or Cultural Landscapes Inventory Page 1 of 124 Dupont Circle National Mall & Memorial Parks - L'Enfant Plan Reservations treatment guidelines for the cultural landscape. Inventory Unit Description: Dupont Circle is situated in the northwest quadrant of Washington, DC, and is set within a ten-point traffic circle, where Massachusetts, Connecticut and New Hampshire Avenues converge. As part of National Mall & Memorial Parks (formerly National Capital Parks-Central), the Dupont Circle landscape encompasses Reservation 59 (.14 acres) and Reservation 60 (2.29 acres). As one of the original open spaces on Pierre Charles L’Enfant’s 1791 Plan for Washington, DC, Reservation 60, today is marked by a large centrally located elevated fountain basin encircled by a paved concrete plaza lined with hedges and benches. Radiating out from the fountain is a series of axial walks—that cut through open lawn dotted by specimen trees—and align with the adjacent avenues and streets; all of which are connected by a concrete circular walk lined with benches along the perimeter of the park. Beyond the walk, an outer ring of elm trees define the space. Reservation 59 is limited to the historic Dupont Lodge House, which now serves as a community center. Significance Summary: Dupont Circle (Res.59 and 60; Res. 61 excluded from this CLI) is significant as part of National Mall and Memorial Parks and also as a contributing resource within the L’Enfant Plan of the City of Washington, DC. National Register Nomination (1997) and Massachusetts Avenue (1974) and Dupont Circle Historic Districts (1978, amended 1985, and boundary increase in 2005). The Rear Admiral Francis Dupont Memorial Fountain is also listed as a contributing resource in the Civil War Monuments in Washington, DC National Register Nomination (1978). The Dupont Circle landscape derives significance under Criterion A in the areas of community planning and development (urban planning) and under Criterion C in the areas of landscape architecture, and art. In the area of community planning and development, Dupont Circle is significant as a major element in L’Enfant’s plan for the development of the capital and as the focal point for one of the more elegant architecturally rich residential neighborhoods in Washington, DC. In the area of landscape architecture, the Dupont Circle landscape is significant as a contributing element within the portion