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Consular Protection Abroad: a Union Citizenship Fundamental Right?
UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE BARCELONA FACULTAD DE DERECHO DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIA POLÍTICA Y DERECHO PÚBLICO CONSULAR PROTECTION ABROAD: A UNION CITIZENSHIP FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT? TESIS DOCTORAL Presentada por EvaMaria Alexandrova POPTCHEVA bajo la dirección de la Dra. Teresa FREIXES SANJUÁN Bellaterra, febrero 2012 «Les hommes n'acceptent le changement que dans la nécessité et ils ne voient la nécessité que dans la crise.» Jean Monnet Mémoires 1976 Table of Contents A. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................7 B. CONCEPTUALISING “CONSULAR PROTECTION” ..................................27 I. Problem‐Statement..........................................................................................28 II. Multilevel Context of Consular Protection ...........................................29 1. Differentiation between Diplomatic and Consular Protection 31 1. 1. Triggering Event.................................................................................45 1. 2. Nationality Rule and Third States’ Consent ............................47 1. 3. Right to Diplomatic Protection under European Union Law?...................................................................................................................50 1. 4. Discretionary Character of Diplomatic Protection...............59 1. 5. Interim Findings .................................................................................61 2. Relationship between International Law‐ and European Union Law‐Rules ..............................................................................................62 -
Argentina Spring 2016
Study Abroad Argentina Spring 2016 International Center Bldg 58E/Room 2300 TELF: (904) 620-2657 FAX: (904) 620-3925 E-mail: [email protected] Quick Facts PASSPORT VALIDITY: Must be valid at time of entry BLANK PASSPORT PAGES: One page required for entry stamp TOURIST VISA REQUIRED: Not required for stays of 90 days or less. However, prior to arrival in Argentina, U.S. citizen tourist and business travelers must pay a $160 reciprocity fee. See Entry, Exit & Visa Requirements for detailed information. VACCINATIONS: None CURRENCY RESTRICTIONS FOR ENTRY: None CURRENCY RESTRICTIONS FOR EXIT: None Destination Description Argentina's cultural and culinary traditions, natural beauty and diversity, as well as its business opportunities attract several hundred thousand U.S. citizen visitors each year. Buenos Aires, other large cities, as well as some rural destinations, have well- developed tourist facilities and services, including many four- and five-star hotels. The quality of tourist facilities in smaller towns outside the capital varies. Read the Department of State’s Fact Sheet on Argentina for additional information on U.S.- Argentina relations. Entry, Exit & Visa Requirements A valid passport is required for U.S. citizens to enter Argentina. U.S. citizens do not need a visa for visits of up to 90 days for tourism or business. Argentine law requires that, prior to arrival in Argentina at any entry point, U.S. citizen tourist and business travelers pay a 160 USD reciprocity fee by credit card online at the Provincia Pagos website. For English instructions, checkOnline Payment brocuhure. Once paid, travelers must print out the receipt and present it to the Argentine immigration officer at the time of entry. -
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 999 University Street Montréal, Québec Canada H3C 5H7
MRTD REPORT ICINTERNATIONAL CAIVIL AVIATION OORGANIZATION Resequunt Also in this issue: OSCE Collaborative Efforts with ICAO, INTERPOL and the IOM Argentine Identity and Passport Advances • e-MRTD Project Contract Development 39 Myths About e-Passports: Part II • MRTD Glossary of Terms Vol. 5, No. 2 Contents Cover STORY Global Capacity-building Leveraging New Collaborative Frameworks Editor’s Message Mauricio Siciliano highlights the foundational qualities of ICAO Doc 9303 with ICAO MRTD REPORT respect to the emerging interoperable border control and passenger throughput VOLuME 5, NuMBER 2, 2010 infrastructure it is enabling. He stresses that this work is being greatly assisted by the development of new collaborative frameworks being established Editorial to aid security and facilitation capacity-building efforts on a global basis.. 3 MRTD Programme—Aviation Security and Facilitation Policy Section Editor-in-Chief: Mauricio Siciliano Argentina’s Proactive Response to Identity Management Tel: +1 (514) 954-8219 ext. 7068 E-mail : [email protected] Julio C. Ferrari Freyre, Director of Travel Documents in the General Directorate of Consular Affairs of the Argentine Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Content Development Trade and Worship, outlines his State’s tremendously forward-looking approaches Anthony Philbin Communications Senior Editor: Anthony Philbin to identity management and travel document security ....................... 6 Tel: +1 (514) 886-7746 E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.philbin.ca OSCE Advances in MRTD Capacity-building Christopher Hornek, Ben Hiller and Dimitar Dimitrov of the OSCE Action Production and Design against Terrorism Unit (ATU) highlight the extensive programme of collaborative Bang Marketing capacity-building the OSCE has undertaken in the past year, with the important Stéphanie Kennan Tel: +1 (514) 849-2264 assistance and cooperation of ICAO and other global stakeholders ........... -
Electronic Identification (E-ID)
EXPLAINING INTERNATIONAL IT APPLICATION LEADERSHIP: Electronic Identification Daniel Castro | September 2011 Explaining International Leadership: Electronic Identification Systems BY DANIEL CASTRO SEPTEMBER 2011 ITIF ALSO EXTENDS A SPECIAL THANKS TO THE SLOAN FOUNDATION FOR ITS GENEROUS SUPPORT FOR THIS SERIES. SEPTEMBER 2011 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION | SEPTEMBER 2011 PAGE II TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ........................................................................................................ V Introduction..................................................................................................................... 1 Background ....................................................................................................................... 1 Box 1: Electronic Passports ............................................................................................. 3 Terminology and Technology ........................................................................................... 3 Electronic Signatures, Digital Signatures and Digital Certificates ............................... 3 Identification, Authentication and Signing ................................................................ 4 Benefits of e-ID Systems ............................................................................................ 5 Electronic Identification Systems: Deployment and Use .............................................. 6 Country Profiles ............................................................................................................. -
Statelessness and Nationality
Department of Law Spring Term 2015 Master’s Thesis in International Law 30 ECTS Statelessness and Nationality The Case of Non-Citizens in Latvia Author: Maria Hellborg Supervisor: Professor Inger Österdahl Summary Following its restoration as an independent state in the 1990s, the new Republic of Latvia inherited a significant population of former citizens of the Soviet Union who resided legally in the country, but were not given Latvian citizenship. The situation of these "non-citizens" of Latvia remains an unresolved issue, which has bearing on international law by its close connection to the concepts of nationality and statelessness. The issue also holds importance because of its implications for Latvia as a country, and for its consequences in relation to regional stability. From a perspective of contemporary international law this thesis will examine whether the non-citizens of Latvia are to be considered as constituting stateless individuals. The thesis will also address the question of whether the Latvian non-citizens are, through their legal status, limited in their access to human rights. Finally the thesis will discuss how the issue of non- citizens affects regional stability through the Latvia-Russia relationship. List of Abbreviations 1954 Convention The 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons 1961 Convention The 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness 1930 Hague Convention The Convention on Certain Questions relating to the Conflict of Nationality Laws Art. Article CBSS The Council of the Baltic -
The Case of the National Identity Card in the UK Paul Beynon-Davies University of Wales, Swansea, [email protected]
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) European Conference on Information Systems ECIS 2005 Proceedings (ECIS) 2005 Personal Identification in the Information Age: The Case of the National Identity Card in the UK Paul Beynon-Davies University of Wales, Swansea, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2005 Recommended Citation Beynon-Davies, Paul, "Personal Identification in the Information Age: The asC e of the National Identity Card in the UK" (2005). ECIS 2005 Proceedings. 27. http://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2005/27 This material is brought to you by the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS) at AIS Electronic Library (AISeL). It has been accepted for inclusion in ECIS 2005 Proceedings by an authorized administrator of AIS Electronic Library (AISeL). For more information, please contact [email protected]. PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION IN THE INFORMATION AGE: THE CASE OF THE NATIONAL IDENTITY CARD IN THE UK Paul Beynon-Davies, European Business Management School, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK, [email protected] Abstract The informatics infrastructure supporting the Information Society requires the aggregation of data about individuals in electronic records. Such data structures demand that individuals be uniquely identified and this is critical to the necessary processes of authentication, identification and enrolment associated with the use of e-Business, e-Government and potentially e-Democracy systems. It is also necessary to the representation of human interactions as data transactions supporting various forms of governance structure: hierarchies, markets and networks. -
When Cultures Collide: LEADING ACROSS CULTURES
When Cultures Collide: LEADING ACROSS CULTURES Richard D. Lewis Nicholas Brealey International 31573 01 i-xxiv 1-176 r13rm 8/18/05 2:56 PM Page i # bli d f li 31573 01 i-xxiv 1-176 r13rm 8/18/05 2:56 PM Page ii page # blind folio 31573 01 i-xxiv 1-176 r13rm 8/18/05 2:56 PM Page iii ✦ When Cultures Collide ✦ LEADING ACROSS CULTURES # bli d f li 31573 01 i-xxiv 1-176 r13rm 8/18/05 2:56 PM Page iv page # blind folio 31573 01 i-xxiv 1-176 r13rm 8/18/05 2:56 PM Page v ✦ When Cultures Collide ✦ LEADING ACROSS CULTURES A Major New Edition of the Global Guide Richard D. Lewis # bli d f li 31573 01 i-xxiv 1-176 r13rm 8/18/05 2:56 PM Page vi First published in hardback by Nicholas Brealey Publishing in 1996. This revised edition first published in 2006. 100 City Hall Plaza, Suite 501 3-5 Spafield Street, Clerkenwell Boston, MA 02108, USA London, EC1R 4QB, UK Information: 617-523-3801 Tel: +44-(0)-207-239-0360 Fax: 617-523-3708 Fax: +44-(0)-207-239-0370 www.nicholasbrealey.com www.nbrealey-books.com © 2006, 1999, 1996 by Richard D. Lewis All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission from the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. Printed in Finland by WS Bookwell. 10 09 08 07 06 12345 ISBN-13: 978-1-904838-02-9 ISBN-10: 1-904838-02-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lewis, Richard D. -
The Portuguese and the European Citizen Cards
Contributions to governmental eID platforms: The Portuguese and the European Citizen Cards Master’s Thesis Manuel Fernando V. Preliteiro Contributions to governmental eID platforms: The Portuguese and the European Citizen Cards THESIS regarding the research leading to the attainment of the degree of MASTER in Computer Science Engineering - Computation and Intelligent Systems by Manuel Fernando V. Preliteiro RELiablE And SEcure Computation Group Departamento de Informática MULTICERT Universidade da Beira Interior Rua Sidónio Pais Covilhã, Portugal Porto, Portugal www.di.ubi.pt www.multicert.com Copyright © 2009 by Manuel Fernando V. Preliteiro. All rights reserved. No part of this publication can be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the previous written permission of the author. Cover image: Universidade da Beira Interior Heraldry. Contributions to governmental eID platforms: The Portuguese and the European Citizen Cards Author: Manuel Fernando V. Preliteiro Student Id: m1244 Email: [email protected] Abstract This thesis presents two main levels contributions. The first contribution lies in the context of the STORK project. As a first step to the design of an integrated, uniform and secure European eID platform, a feasibility study was conducted and a small demonstrator was developed as a proof of concept. As a result of such task, several STORK deliverables were submitted along a contribution for the Porvoo Group regarding the current state of eID across Europe. This work also benefits the second contribution. Second, it is introduced a new middleware solution for the Portuguese Elec- tronic Citizen Card. -
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review of central and east european law 42 (2017) 325-363 brill.com/rela The Right to a Name Versus National Identity in the Context of eu Law: The Case of Lithuania Aistė Mickonytė Russian East European Eurasian Studies Centre (reees), Faculty of Law, University of Graz, Graz, Austria <[email protected]> Abstract This article examines national regulations relating to the recognition of names in official documents by focusing on Article 21 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, hav- ing particular regard to the judgment of the European Court of Justice in the case of Runevič-Vardyn and Wardyn. It also assesses the potential impact that this and other cases before the ecj and the European Court of Human Rights may exert on national minorities. The recognition of names is not regulated in European Union law; thus, the eu member states may freely determine the usage of names in official documents, as the state language represents a constitutional value and part of the national identity of many eu member states. Therefore, only regulation of names that causes excessive interference with the exercise of freedom of movement or respect for private and family life is unlawful under eu law. This issue will also be discussed in light of Article 4(2) of the Treaty on the European Union, by which the ecj assesses these types of interference with the eu’s duty to respect the national identities of its member states. Keywords European Court of Justice – eu law – right -
Criminal Background Check Procedures
Shaping the future of international education New Edition Criminal Background Check Procedures CIS in collaboration with other agencies has formed an International Task Force on Child Protection chaired by CIS Executive Director, Jane Larsson, in order to apply our collective resources, expertise, and partnerships to help international school communities address child protection challenges. Member Organisations of the Task Force: • Council of International Schools • Council of British International Schools • Academy of International School Heads • U.S. Department of State, Office of Overseas Schools • Association for the Advancement of International Education • International Schools Services • ECIS CIS is the leader in requiring police background check documentation for Educator and Leadership Candidates as part of the overall effort to ensure effective screening. Please obtain a current police background check from your current country of employment/residence as well as appropriate documentation from any previous country/countries in which you have worked. It is ultimately a school’s responsibility to ensure that they have appropriate police background documentation for their Educators and CIS is committed to supporting them in this endeavour. It is important to demonstrate a willingness and effort to meet the requirement and obtain all of the paperwork that is realistically possible. This document is the result of extensive research into governmental, law enforcement and embassy websites. We have tried to ensure where possible that the information has been obtained from official channels and to provide links to these sources. CIS requests your help in maintaining an accurate and useful resource; if you find any information to be incorrect or out of date, please contact us at: [email protected]. -
Convergence of Government Programs with Other Card Sectors
DOCUMENT SECURITY ISSUES Part of a Series of Datacard Group White Papers for the Secure Document Issuer CONVERGENCE OF GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS WITH OTHER CARD SECTORS Overview Unprecedented growth in the demand for optimum national security throughout the globe has resulted in an expanding electronic identity document industry with smart technology leading the field. The rapid development of e-passports and identity card schemes is, perhaps, mirrored only by the 1990s smart card boom in the financial sector, which spawned the plastic card. National and international security is driving change with processes and technologies to enhance the security of documents. Many technologies are converging in the use and application of identification cards. MARCH 2007 CONVERGENCE OF GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS WITH OTHER CARD SECTORS Developments in Passport Security Machine-readable passports (MRPs) have been in circulation since the 1980s as hand-written passports became less secure in terms of data matching and being open to counterfeiting. Most are standardized by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) document 9303, with a special machine readable zone providing the passport holder’s personal information including name, passport number, check digits, nationality, date of birth and sex. The passport expiration date and personal ID number, where applicable, can also be read. Between 2003 and 2006 the United States progressively introduced regulations making MRPs mandatory for anyone entering the US under the Visa Waiver Scheme. This means faster processing at immigration and secure matching of data. Since their introduction, MRPs are evolving to accommodate chip technology and biometric information – particularly since the ICAO recommendations are for biometrics using facial recognition technology and high capacity contactless integrated circuit chips. -
First Time Applicant Passport Requirements
First Time Applicant Passport Requirements architecturalWadsworth peculiarize Obadias stockpiling, crushingly? but Blair Greggory motivating indelicately her subprograms walk-around instinctively, her tactlessness. falconine and virtuous. Diverging and Apply per Person are of State Travel US Department. Passports County Clerk Knox County Tennessee Government. Cost of UK Passports New to Renew Fees Rules & Regulations. RECENT COLOR PHOTOGRAPH Photograph must meet passport requirements full sea view. New Passport for adults age 16 and older For a brilliant adult passport book 110 application fee undergo a 35 execution fee by new total surveillance is 145 Passport Cards for adults age 16 and older The application fee is 30 and the execution fee is 35 The share total discount is 65. Definitive US Passport Application Guide was First-Timers 2020. Be and see parental consent for additional document requirements. Philippine passport approximately nine months beyond the time applicant passport first to their own risk and a commissioner? Apply than a US Passport at the Clerk's Office department the New Courthouse in Inverness. When printing the application make sure the image taking the application covers the entire. For detailed and up-to-date information about Passports including age requirements and FAQ's. On their selected date vacation time of appointment at their chosen consular office. Unfortunately we cannot be used for some cases, consider expediting a passport can i renew their social distancing requirements that time applicant passport first requirements. In addition the queue time an applicant applies for a passport following or. No-fee passports are an employment benefit from are issued solely to citizens who are traveling abroad while you on behalf of the United States Government For draw list of requirements for a gas fee-based passport click here Processing takes up to 6 weeks.