DOCSLIB.ORG

The Portuguese and the European Citizen Cards

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Portuguese and the European Citizen Cards Contributions to governmental eID platforms: The Portuguese and the European Citizen Cards Master’s Thesis Manuel Fernando V. Preliteiro Contributions to governmental eID platforms: The Portuguese and the European Citizen Cards THESIS regarding the research leading to the attainment of the degree of MASTER in Computer Science Engineering - Computation and Intelligent Systems by Manuel Fernando V. Preliteiro RELiablE And SEcure Computation Group Departamento de Informática MULTICERT Universidade da Beira Interior Rua Sidónio Pais Covilhã, Portugal Porto, Portugal www.di.ubi.pt www.multicert.com Copyright © 2009 by Manuel Fernando V. Preliteiro. All rights reserved. No part of this publication can be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the previous written permission of the author. Cover image: Universidade da Beira Interior Heraldry. Contributions to governmental eID platforms: The Portuguese and the European Citizen Cards Author: Manuel Fernando V. Preliteiro Student Id: m1244 Email: [email protected] Abstract This thesis presents two main levels contributions. The first contribution lies in the context of the STORK project. As a first step to the design of an integrated, uniform and secure European eID platform, a feasibility study was conducted and a small demonstrator was developed as a proof of concept. As a result of such task, several STORK deliverables were submitted along a contribution for the Porvoo Group regarding the current state of eID across Europe. This work also benefits the second contribution. Second, it is introduced a new middleware solution for the Portuguese Elec- tronic Citizen Card. This middleware should subsume the actual and official version. Its novelty lies in its ability to process foreign (European) eID cards and adapts its provided support and services (including the User Interface) in conformity. The validity of the proposed platform was ensured and proved by several successful case studies that MULTICERT can use and develop. Supervisors: Supervisor: Simão Melo de Sousa Co-Supervisor: Pedro Borges Dedication The Author would like to dedicate this work to several people and entities: • Prof Simão Melo de Sousa - Without whom this opportunity (and many others not related to this thesis) wouldn’t have presented itself • Universidade da Beira Interior - All the Authors knowledge as a Computer Science Engineer started in this great institution • MULTICERT - For the offer of the scholarship and unique conditions (access to hardware from several different countries and brands) for the production of this work • MULTICERT Team - As a thanks for the amazing work environment, high moral and spirits • Family and Friends - There is nothing better than after a good hard day of work go back to the people you love iii Declaration The work of this thesis was possible thanks to a scholarship provided to the author by MULTICERT and with the support of the RELEASE (RELiable And SEcure Computation Group) research group from Universidade da Beira Interior, both from Portugal. Although parts of this thesis are researches of works already done and published (being those parts properly referenced by the bibliography), no part of this thesis has been submitted elsewhere for any other degree or qualification and it is all the authors work, unless referenced to the contrary in the text. There are parts of this thesis that are based on joint research by the author and Austrian partners. The parts and partners are properly identified in the proper sections. v Acknowledgements Benefiting from the fact of writing this thesis while working in a company such as MULTICERT it was possible to also benefit from the know-how of many of the work colleagues. So, a big thanks is also due to the MULTICERT team, in particular Gonçalo Hermenegildo and Pedro Borges for their availability and guidance. Also, another huge thanks goes to the authors Austrian partners on the STORK projects (Mario Ivkovic, Thomas Zefferer), that also contributed with valuable knowledge, experience and advices. Manuel Fernando V. Preliteiro Covilhã, Portugal June 12, 2009 vii Contents Dedication iii Declaration v Acknowledgements vii Contents ix List of Figures xi List of Tables xiii Acronyms xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Porvoo Group . 2 1.2 The STORK Project . 4 1.3 Middleware . 6 1.4 Objectives . 7 1.5 Contributions . 8 1.6 Organization and Parts Overview . 9 2 Key Concepts 11 2.1 eID . 11 2.2 Tag Length Value (TLV) . 17 2.3 Security Environments . 20 2.4 Extensible Markup Language (XML) . 22 3 Related Technologies 25 3.1 Smart Cards . 25 3.2 ECC . 31 ix CONTENTS CONTENTS 3.3 STORK project studied technologies . 36 3.4 PKCS#15 . 41 3.5 Graphical Interface Technologies . 44 3.6 Java . 50 4 Case Studies 51 4.1 Connecting to a smart card . 51 4.2 Portuguese eID . 52 4.3 PKCS#15 Compliant Smart Cards . 56 5 Minimal Footprint Middleware 59 5.1 Smart Card Abstraction Technologies Review . 61 5.2 Possible MFM Architecture . 62 5.3 Conclusion . 63 5.4 Demonstrator description . 64 6 Multiplatform Common and Adaptive Middleware 67 6.1 Planning . 68 6.2 Architecture . 69 6.3 Conclusion . 71 7 Porvoo Conferences 73 7.1 Notes . 73 7.2 Country updates . 75 7.3 Conclusions . 105 8 Results and Conclusions 107 8.1 Results . 107 8.2 Conclusion . 108 Bibliography 109 A Demonstrator Print Screens 113 B Bits and octets convention 117 B.1 . 117 B.2 . 117 C Multi Purpose Code 119 C.1 XML . 119 D Multiplatform Common and Adaptive Middleware: Working 121 D.1 Profile . 121 D.2 XML Description . 122 x List of Figures 1.1 Porvoo Group Logo . 3 1.2 STORK Logo . 4 1.3 Multi Card Middleware for Several Application . 6 1.4 Portuguese Middleware Architecture . 7 2.1 Identifier octet . 19 3.1 Smart card example . 26 3.2 Command APDU . 28 3.3 Response APDU . 29 3.4 Middleware Architecture . 34 4.1 Public Data . 53 4.2 Adress Data (test card) . 54 5.1 Smart card aware application model and OSI model . 60 5.2 Java Applet over OpenSC architecture . 62 5.3 Java Applet and ActiveX architecture . 63 5.4 Java Applet Solution . 64 6.1 Architecture . 68 A.1 Demonstrator Home Page . 113 A.2 Requesting permission to run the Java Applet . 114 A.3 Waiting for some smart card insertion . 114 A.4 The inserted card is not a supported eID . 115 A.5 Demonstrator recognizing the PT eID . 115 A.6 Demonstrator success page . 116 D.1 Public Personal Data . 122 D.2 Request PIN . 123 xi LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF FIGURES D.3 Protected Personal Data . 123 xii List of Tables 2.1 Encoding of class tag . 19 7.1 Porvoo Group Conferences . 74 7.2 Countries Present at the Porvoo Group Conferences . 76 xiii Acronyms ACD Application Capabilities Descriptor . 35 AID Applet Identifier . 122 AODF Authentication Object Directory File. .42 APDU Application Protocol Data Unit . 28 API Application Interface. .7 ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One . 18 AT Authentication Template. 21 ATR Answer to Reset. .30 bps Bits Per Second . 43 CA Certificate Authority . 13 CC Citizen Card . 1 CCD Card Capabilities Descriptor . 35 xv Acronyms Acronyms CCT Cryptographic Checksum Template . 22 CDF Certificate Directory File . ..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Electronic Identification (E-ID)
    EXPLAINING INTERNATIONAL IT APPLICATION LEADERSHIP: Electronic Identification Daniel Castro | September 2011 Explaining International Leadership: Electronic Identification Systems BY DANIEL CASTRO SEPTEMBER 2011 ITIF ALSO EXTENDS A SPECIAL THANKS TO THE SLOAN FOUNDATION FOR ITS GENEROUS SUPPORT FOR THIS SERIES. SEPTEMBER 2011 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION | SEPTEMBER 2011 PAGE II TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ........................................................................................................ V Introduction..................................................................................................................... 1 Background ....................................................................................................................... 1 Box 1: Electronic Passports ............................................................................................. 3 Terminology and Technology ........................................................................................... 3 Electronic Signatures, Digital Signatures and Digital Certificates ............................... 3 Identification, Authentication and Signing ................................................................ 4 Benefits of e-ID Systems ............................................................................................ 5 Electronic Identification Systems: Deployment and Use .............................................. 6 Country Profiles .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of the National Identity Card in the UK Paul Beynon-Davies University of Wales, Swansea, [email protected]
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) European Conference on Information Systems ECIS 2005 Proceedings (ECIS) 2005 Personal Identification in the Information Age: The Case of the National Identity Card in the UK Paul Beynon-Davies University of Wales, Swansea, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2005 Recommended Citation Beynon-Davies, Paul, "Personal Identification in the Information Age: The asC e of the National Identity Card in the UK" (2005). ECIS 2005 Proceedings. 27. http://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2005/27 This material is brought to you by the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS) at AIS Electronic Library (AISeL). It has been accepted for inclusion in ECIS 2005 Proceedings by an authorized administrator of AIS Electronic Library (AISeL). For more information, please contact [email protected]. PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION IN THE INFORMATION AGE: THE CASE OF THE NATIONAL IDENTITY CARD IN THE UK Paul Beynon-Davies, European Business Management School, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK, [email protected] Abstract The informatics infrastructure supporting the Information Society requires the aggregation of data about individuals in electronic records. Such data structures demand that individuals be uniquely identified and this is critical to the necessary processes of authentication, identification and enrolment associated with the use of e-Business, e-Government and potentially e-Democracy systems. It is also necessary to the representation of human interactions as data transactions supporting various forms of governance structure: hierarchies, markets and networks.
    [Show full text]
  • Criminal Background Check Procedures
    Shaping the future of international education New Edition Criminal Background Check Procedures CIS in collaboration with other agencies has formed an International Task Force on Child Protection chaired by CIS Executive Director, Jane Larsson, in order to apply our collective resources, expertise, and partnerships to help international school communities address child protection challenges. Member Organisations of the Task Force: • Council of International Schools • Council of British International Schools • Academy of International School Heads • U.S. Department of State, Office of Overseas Schools • Association for the Advancement of International Education • International Schools Services • ECIS CIS is the leader in requiring police background check documentation for Educator and Leadership Candidates as part of the overall effort to ensure effective screening. Please obtain a current police background check from your current country of employment/residence as well as appropriate documentation from any previous country/countries in which you have worked. It is ultimately a school’s responsibility to ensure that they have appropriate police background documentation for their Educators and CIS is committed to supporting them in this endeavour. It is important to demonstrate a willingness and effort to meet the requirement and obtain all of the paperwork that is realistically possible. This document is the result of extensive research into governmental, law enforcement and embassy websites. We have tried to ensure where possible that the information has been obtained from official channels and to provide links to these sources. CIS requests your help in maintaining an accurate and useful resource; if you find any information to be incorrect or out of date, please contact us at: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Convergence of Government Programs with Other Card Sectors
    DOCUMENT SECURITY ISSUES Part of a Series of Datacard Group White Papers for the Secure Document Issuer CONVERGENCE OF GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS WITH OTHER CARD SECTORS Overview Unprecedented growth in the demand for optimum national security throughout the globe has resulted in an expanding electronic identity document industry with smart technology leading the field. The rapid development of e-passports and identity card schemes is, perhaps, mirrored only by the 1990s smart card boom in the financial sector, which spawned the plastic card. National and international security is driving change with processes and technologies to enhance the security of documents. Many technologies are converging in the use and application of identification cards. MARCH 2007 CONVERGENCE OF GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS WITH OTHER CARD SECTORS Developments in Passport Security Machine-readable passports (MRPs) have been in circulation since the 1980s as hand-written passports became less secure in terms of data matching and being open to counterfeiting. Most are standardized by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) document 9303, with a special machine readable zone providing the passport holder’s personal information including name, passport number, check digits, nationality, date of birth and sex. The passport expiration date and personal ID number, where applicable, can also be read. Between 2003 and 2006 the United States progressively introduced regulations making MRPs mandatory for anyone entering the US under the Visa Waiver Scheme. This means faster processing at immigration and secure matching of data. Since their introduction, MRPs are evolving to accommodate chip technology and biometric information – particularly since the ICAO recommendations are for biometrics using facial recognition technology and high capacity contactless integrated circuit chips.
    [Show full text]
  • Royal Holloway University of London
    Review and Analysis of Current and Future European e-ID Schemes Siddhartha Arora Technical Report RHUL-MA-2008-07 15 January 2008 Royal Holloway University of London Department of Mathematics Roal Holloway, University of London Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, England http://www.rhul.ac.uk/mathematics/techreports Review and Analysis of Current and Future European e-ID Card Schemes Siddhartha ARORA – [email protected] Supervisor: Dr. Michael J Ganley Royal Holloway, University of London Submitted as part of the requirements for the award of the MSc in Information Security of the University of London. Note: After submission of this document, minor typographical changes were made on August 3rd 2007. CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 2. INTRODUCTION 7 2.1 SCOPE & OBJECTIVES 8 2.1.1 SCOPE RELATING TO E-ID CARDS 8 2.1.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVES 8 2.1.3 OUT OF SCOPE 8 2.2 MOTIVATION FOR E-ID CARD IMPLEMENTATIONS 9 2.2.1 E-GOVERNMENT SERVICES 9 2.3 INFORMATION SECURITY & E-ID CARDS 10 3. INTRODUCING IDENTITY 12 3.1 IDENTITY 12 3.2 ALLEGIANCE, CITIZENSHIP & NATIONALITY 13 3.3 IDENTITY DOCUMENTS 14 3.3.1 THE PASSPORT 14 3.3.2 SEED IDENTITY DOCUMENTS 15 3.4 THE ELECTRONIC IDENTITY (E-ID) 15 3.5 THE NATIONAL E-ID CARD 16 3.5.1 SECURE SIGNATURE CREATION DEVICES (SSCD) 17 4. E-ID CARD APPLICATIONS 18 4.1 APPLICATION USERS 18 4.2 BASE FUNCTIONALITY 18 4.3 GOVERNMENT APPLICATIONS 18 4.3.1 DEPLOYED E-GOVERNMENT APPLICATIONS 19 4.3.2 NON-GOVERNMENTAL AND OTHER APPLICATIONS 21 4.4 POSSIBLE FUTURE/OTHER APPLICATIONS 21 4.4.1 IDENTITY MIXER 22 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Limite En Questionnaire About the State of Play of Identity Cards
    COUNCIL OF Brussels, 31 May 2010 THE EUROPEAN UNION 9949/10 LIMITE FAUXDOC 10 COMIX 373 NOTE from: General Secretariat to: Working Party on Frontiers/False documents - Mixed Committee (EU-Iceland/Liechtenstein/Norway/Switzerland) Prev. doc. 5299/1/10 REV 1 FAUXDOC 2 COMIX 42 Subject: State of play concerning the electronic identity cards in the EU Member States Delegations will find below a compilation of Member States replies to the questionnaire on the state of play concerning the electronic identity cards in the EU Member States, as set out in doc. 5299/1/10 REV 1 FAUXDOC 2 COMIX 42. 9949/10 GG/cr 1 DG H 1 A LIMITE EN QUESTIONNAIRE ABOUT THE STATE OF PLAY OF IDENTITY CARDS 1. Does your country issues identity cards? 2. (if yes) What kind? (traditional or electronic ID, RF chip or Contact chip) What usable data size/capacity? 3. (if not) Has your country planned the issuance of identity cards in the near future? 4. What material is the card constructed from (e.g. polycarbonate)? 5. Does your country issue a card in ICAO TD1 or TD3 format? 6. How are the electronically stored data protected? BAC, EAC? 7. What kind of biometric data are electronically stored in the identity card and by which authorities? 8. Is any other information electronically stored on the identity card, (e.g. certificates)? 9. Does your country have a centralized or decentralized system for the issuance of identity cards and/or storage of biographic or biometric data? 10. How much does the citizen pay for the card? 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Reporting Standard
    COMMON REPORTING STANDARD TAX IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS LEAFLET Version updated as of October 31th, 2019 Disclaimer: The present informative document, subject to modification, is communicated for information purposes only and has no contractual value. This document is defined based on the information provided by the OECD portal. It contains information that it is the sole responsibility of each country and is (i) of a general nature only and not intended to address the specific circumstances of any particular individual or entity, (ii) not necessarily comprehensive, complete, accurate or up to date,(iii) sometimes linked to external sites over which SG Group has no control and for which SG Group assumes no responsibility and (iv) not professional or legal advice. If you need specific advice, you should always consult a professional tax advisor. TAX IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS This document provides an overview of domestic rules in the countries listed below governing the issuance, structure, use and validity of Tax Identification Numbers (“TIN”) or their functional equivalents. It is split into two sections: Countries that have already published the information on the OECD portal and can 1 be accessed by clicking on the name of the country below Cook Andorra Hungary Malaysia Saudi Arabia Islands Argentina Costa Rica Iceland Malta Seychelles Marshall Aruba Croatia India Islands Singapore Australia Curacao Indonesia Mauritius Slovak Republic Ireland Austria Mexico Cyprus Slovenia Isle of Man Azerbaijan Czech Montserrat Republic South Africa Bahrain
    [Show full text]
  • Document Types Supported by Assureid™ V4.4.4260.0 Legend
    Document Types Supported by AssureID™ V4.4.4260.0 Copyright © 2016 - AssureTec Technologies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Summary Total ICAO Non-ICAO North American Driver's Licenses 967 0 967 North American Identification Documents 425 6 419 International Driver's Licenses 387 0 387 International Identification Documents 425 39 386 Passports 743 604 139 Visas 59 49 10 Travel Documents and Permits 83 50 33 Other 103 1 102 Total Supported Documents 3192 749 2443 Legend Term Meaning Issuer The government jurisdiction that issued the document. This could be a country, state, province, or other government jurisdiction The full descriptive name of the document type. The name typically includes issuer (e.g. France), issuer abbreviation (e.g. FRA), document Document Type class (e.g. driver’s license or passport), and type of issue (e.g. commercial driver’s license, under 21, learner’s permit, etc.) Jurisdictions release new versions of documents regularly. The Series is a label that has been assigned by AssureTec to uniquely identify Series each version of the document (also known as series or issue). Typically the Series represents the first year that the document version was released, but that is not always the case The physical size of the document. ID1 represents a card-sized document such as a driver’s license or identification card. ID3 represents a Size passport-sized document Certain editions of AssureID only include a subset of the global document library, which is divided into four geographic regions: NA=North Region America, SA=South America, EMEA=Europe, Middle East, and Africa, and APAC=Asia-Pacific.
    [Show full text]
  • Unicard; National Identity Evolution
    The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES) || Volume || 9 || Issue || 01 || Series II || Pages || PP 84-102| 2020 || ISSN (e): 2319-1813 ISSN (p): 23-19-1805 Unicard; National Identity Evolution Hussam Elbehiery1, Khaled Elbehiery2 1Computer Networks Department, Ahram Canadian University (ACU), Egypt 2Computer Information Systems Department, DeVry University, USA Corresponding Author:Hussam Elbehiery --------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------------- The use of information technology in our daily lives has been on the rise. The ordinary governmental based identity system provides a vital foundation of authoritative sources of trust, but they usually focus on delivering official routine services rather than providing a choice of other services, privacy protection, and interoperability. Looking deep into the current identity system, it is widely known that, the identification, verification, and account creation is time consuming and duplicated across multiple systems, as a result, the future should be working towards identity system that demonstrates portability of trust and the ability for individuals to take control of their identity destiny. We are in a desperate need for a new secure electronic identity for citizens in a form "Unicard", a unique identifier used across multiple services, not only the essential services such as electronic passports, driving licenses, issuing citizens personal certificates such as birth certificates, marriage and divorce certificates, government benefits, schooling, healthcare system but also high security access cards such as credit cards. The unicard should be scalable and flexible to accommodate with other services anytime and anywhere that could be beneficial to the citizen such as bank account, mobile phone, utility bills, etc. or it could be necessary for the national security such as credit card, phone records transactions, and more to assure reducing the fraud, identity theft, and terrorism.
    [Show full text]
  • December 2018 Document Library Update List U.S
    DECEMBER 2018 DOCUMENT LIBRARY UPDATE LIST v18.12.20.66 *The Document Library is updated monthly* A total of 6 new Document types were added and a total of 257 existing Document types were modified in the December 2018 Document Library Update U.S. FEDERAL, STATES, and TERRITORIES & CANADIAN FEDERAL and PROVINCES & MEXICO Added (Total: 5) Document Type Series District Of Columbia (DC) Driver License Under 21 2017 District Of Columbia (DC) Identification Card Under 21 2017 District Of Columbia (DC) Learner Permit Under 21 2017 District Of Columbia (DC) Under 21 2017 Quebec (QC) Health Card 2 Modified (Total: 61) Document Type Series Alaska (AK) Driver License 2001 Alaska (AK) Identification Card 2000 American Samoa (ASM) Driver's License 1990 Arizona (AZ) Driver License 1990 Arkansas (AR) Commercial Driver's License - Not for Federal ID 2018 Arkansas (AR) Driver's License - Not for Federal ID 2018 Arkansas (AR) Driver's License Under 21 - Not for Federal ID 2018 Arkansas (AR) Identification Card - Not for Federal ID 2018 Arkansas (AR) Identification Card Under 21 - Not for Federal ID 2018 Arkansas (AR) Under 21 - Not for Federal ID 2018 Arkansas (AR) Under 21 2018 Canada (CAN) Certificate of Indian Status 2 Canada (CAN) Citizenship Certificate 1991 Florida (FL) Commercial Driver License 2009 Florida (FL) Driver License 1990 Florida (FL) Driver License 2009 Florida (FL) Driver License Business Only 2009 Florida (FL) Identification Card 2009 Florida (FL) Learner License 2009 Hawaii (HI) Identification Certificate 1993 Idaho (ID) Driver's
    [Show full text]
  • TAX IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS (Tins)
    Where to find TINs? en – English TAX IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS (TINs) Subject sheet: where to find TINs? 1. AT – Austria ................................................................................................................................ 2 2. BE – Belgium ............................................................................................................................... 2 3. BG – Bulgaria .............................................................................................................................. 3 4. CY – Cyprus ................................................................................................................................ 6 5. CZ – Czech Republic .................................................................................................................. 7 6. DE – Germany ........................................................................................................................... 10 7. DK – Denmark ........................................................................................................................... 12 8. EE – Estonia .............................................................................................................................. 13 9. EL – Greece .............................................................................................................................. 16 10. ES – Spain .............................................................................................................................. 19 11. FI – Finland
    [Show full text]
  • Study on ID Documents” Author: WP3 Editors: Dr
    FIDIS Future of Identity in the Information Society Title: “D3.6 Study on ID Documents” Author: WP3 Editors: Dr. Martin Meints (ICPP, Germany) Marit Hansen (ICPP, Germany) Reviewers: Jozef Vyskoc (VAF, Slovakia) Ronald Leenes (Tilburg University) Mark Gasson (Reading University) Identifier: D3.6 Type: [Deliverable] Version: 1.10 Date: Wednesday, 20 December 2006 Status: [Final] Class: [Public] File: fidis-wp3-del3.6.study_on_id_documents.doc Summary This document gives an overview of concepts, prototypes and implementations of European ID documents including machine readable travel documents (MRTDs). Although not totally comprehensive, it summarises basic technologies that are used for ID documents such as PKI, RFID, biometrics and chip card technologies. Legal grounds for European MRTDs are described and analysed. In addition to a short overview on implementations, five good practice examples are described and discussed. Security and privacy aspects of ID documents are analysed basing on current state-of-the-art in the described basic technologies and existing implementations of ID documents. Further, critical elements of cost projections for ID documents are presented and analysed from a social perspective. Copyright © 2004-06 by the FIDIS consortium - EC Contract No. 507512 The FIDIS NoE receives research funding from the Community’s Sixth Framework Program FIDIS D3.6 Future of Identity in the Information Society (No. 507512) Copyright Notice: This document may not be copied, reproduced, or modified in whole or in part for any purpose without written permission from the FIDIS Consortium. In addition to such written permission to copy, reproduce, or modify this document in whole or part, an acknowledgement of the authors of the document and all applicable portions of the copyright notice must be clearly referenced.
    [Show full text]