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A Study of the Theology of the Open Table

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A Study of the Theology of the Open Table A Study of the Theology of the Open Table: Researching the Eucharist of the Presbyterian Church of Korea Thesis submitted to Charles Sturt University for the award of Doctor of Philosophy Eojin Lee BA, MDiv, ThM, MTh July 2014 Contents Certificate of Authorship ····························································································· v Acknowledgements ········································································································ vi Abstract ······························································································································· viii Abbreviations ··················································································································· x Introduction ······················································································································ 1 1 Context and Rationale ····················································································· 1 2 Issues ····················································································································· 3 3 Method and Scope of the Study ··································································· 5 Part I Reflection on Traditional Eucharistic Practice in the Presbyterian Church of Korea (PCK) Chapter 1 Korean Culture and Its Influence on Worship and the Eucharist of the Presbyterian Church of Korea (PCK) ·························································· 9 1 Cultural Background of the PCK ······························································· 9 2 Cultural Influences on Worship and the Eucharist of the PCK ········· 21 3 Summary and Evaluation ·············································································· 31 Chapter 2 The Formation and Development of Worship and the Eucharist of the PCK ························································································································· 34 1 The Formation of Worship and the Eucharist of the PCK ·················· 34 2 Evangelization and Preaching Centred Worship ···································· 39 3 The Development of Worship and the Eucharist of the PCK ············ 45 4 The Authority Sought by the PCK in Understanding the Eucharist ·· 62 5 Summary and Evaluation ············································································· 70 Chapter 3 The Theological Basis of the PCK’s Understanding of the Eucharist: The Last Supper as the Origin of the Eucharist ······························ 72 1 Seeking the Origin of the Eucharist ··························································· 72 2 Structural Approach to the Origin of the Eucharist ····························· 74 3 Comparative Approach to the Origin of the Eucharist ······················· 79 4 Exegetical Approach to the Origin of the Eucharist ···························· 82 5 Scientific Approach to the Origin of the Eucharist ······························ 91 6 Summary and Evaluation ············································································· 94 Part II The Theology of the Eucharistic Open Table i Chapter 4 The Historical Basis for the Theology of the Open Table (1): The Eucharist in the First Two Centuries ······························································· 97 1 The Eucharist of the Fourth Gospel ·························································· 98 2 The Eucharist in the Didache ······································································ 108 3 The Eucharist of Ignatius of Antioch ························································ 114 4 The Eucharist of Justin Martyr ··································································· 119 5 The Eucharist of Irenaeus ············································································· 125 6 Summary and Evaluation ············································································· 128 Chapter 5 The Historical Basis for the Theology of the Open Table (2): The Eucharist after the Third Century ····································································· 130 1 The Emergence of the Last Supper Tradition with Canonization ···· 130 2 The Eucharist of Tertullian ·········································································· 134 3 The Eucharist of Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage ······································ 136 4 The Institution Narrative in the Anaphora since the Fourth Century 139 5 The Dominant Position of the Institution Narrative in the Reformers’ Eucharistic Understanding ························································ 147 6 The Eucharistic Understanding of John and Charles Wesley ·········· 151 7 Summary and Evaluation ············································································· 153 Chapter 6 The Biblical Basis for the Theology of the Open Table ·················· 155 1 The Meals of Jesus and the Kingdom of God ········································ 156 2 The Meals of Jesus as the Messianic Banquet ········································ 160 3 The Cleansing of the Temple ······································································· 165 4 Jesus is the New Temple ················································································ 170 5 Researching the Last Supper ········································································ 174 6 The Meals of Jesus after the Resurrection ··············································· 181 7 Summary and Evaluation ············································································· 183 Chapter 7 The Theological Basis for the Theology of the Open Table ·········· 185 1 Reconsideration of Discerning the Body ·················································· 185 2 Reconsideration of Baptism and Confirmation ······································ 190 3 Pastoral and Missiological Requests for the Open Table ···················· 193 4 The Open Table as a Means of Grace ······················································· 195 5 Reconsideration of the Traditional Understanding of Sacramentality ····································································································· 198 6 Summary and Evaluation ············································································· 201 ii Part III A Model of Application of the Open Table Theology in the Uniting Church in Australia (UCA) Chapter 8 The Way of the Open Table: The Eucharist of the Uniting Church in Australia (UCA) as a Model ·································································· 204 1 Basis of Union and the Eucharist ······························································· 206 2 The UCA’s Open Table Policy ··································································· 211 3 The UCA’s Perspective of Worship and the Eucharist: The Pattern of Worship ···················································································· 215 4 A Reflection on the Structure of the Eucharist of the UCA ··············· 217 5 Ways of Celebrating the Open Table in the UCA ································ 238 6 Reflection of the Eucharistic Theology and Practice of the UCA ···· 246 7 Summary and Evaluation ············································································· 251 Conclusion ······················································································································· 254 Bibliography ···················································································································· 259 1 English Language Sources ············································································ 259 2 Korean Language Sources ············································································ 273 iii iv Certificate of Authorship I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge and belief, understand that it contains no material previously published or written by another person, nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at Charles Sturt University or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis [or dissertation, as appropriate]. Any contribution made to the research by colleagues with whom I have worked at Charles Sturt University or elsewhere during my candidature is fully acknowledged. I agree that this thesis be accessible for the purpose of study and research in accordance with normal conditions established by the Executive Director, Library Services, Charles Sturt University or nominee, for the care, loan and reproduction of the thesis, subject to confidentiality provisions as approved by the University. Name Signature Date v Acknowledgements I am greatly indebted to many people for completing this thesis. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this thesis. I would like to express the deepest appreciation to my principal supervisor Rev. Dr. Sang Taek Lee. Thank you for encouraging my research and for leading me to grow as a theologian. Without your supervision and advice this thesis would not have been possible. I would also like to thank my co-supervisor, Dr. Gerard Moore for providing me useful suggestions and comments on my study as a liturgist. I would like to express my special thanks to Rev. Dr. Stephen Burns who was my first and second year supervisor. Your guidance helped me in all the time of
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