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Phylogenetic Relationships of Phyciodes Butterfly Species (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): Complex Mtdna Variation and Species Delimitations
Systematic Entomology (2003) 28, 257±273 Phylogenetic relationships of Phyciodes butterfly species (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): complex mtDNA variation and species delimitations NIKLAS WAHLBERG*, RITA OLIVEIRA* andJAMES A. SCOTTy *Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Ecology and Systematics, University of Helsinki, Finland, and yLakewood, Colorado, U.S.A. Abstract. Mitochondrial DNA variation wasstudied in the butterfly genus Phyciodes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) by sequencing 1450 bp of the COI gene from 140 individuals of all eleven currently recognized species. The study focused on four species in particular that have been taxonomically difficult for the past century, P. tharos, P. cocyta, P. batesii and P. pulchella. A cladistic analysis of ninety-eight unique haplotypesshowedthat Phyciodes formsa monophyletic group with P. graphica as the most basal species. Of the three informal species groupsdescribed for Phyciodes, only one (the mylitta-group) isunambiguously monophyletic. Within the tharos-group, seven well supported clades were found that correspond to three taxa, P. tharos, P. pulchella and a grade consisting of P. cocyta and P. batesii haplotypesinterdigitated with each other. None of the clades is formed exclusively by one species. The patterns of haplotype variation are the result of both retained ancient polymorphism and introgression. Introgression appearsto be mostcommon between P. cocyta and P. batesii; however, these two species occur sympatrically and are morphologically and ecologically distinct, suggesting that the level of current introgression does not seem to be enough to threaten their genetic integrity. The results indicate that mitochondrial DNA sequences must be used with great caution in delimiting species, especially when infraspecific samples are few, or introgression seems to be rampant. -
Butterflies of the Wesleyan Campus
BUTTERFLIES OF THE WESLEYAN CAMPUS SWALLOWTAILS Hairstreaks (Subfamily - Theclinae) (Family PAPILIONIDAE) Great Purple Hairstreak - Atlides halesus Coral Hairstreak - Satyrium titus True Swallowtails Banded Hairstreak - Satyrium calanus (Subfamily - Papilioninae) Striped Hairstreak - Satyrium liparops Pipevine Swallowtail - Battus philenor Henry’s Elfin - Callophrys henrici Zebra Swallowtail - Eurytides marcellus Eastern Pine Elfin - Callophrys niphon Black Swallowtail - Papilio polyxenes Juniper Hairstreak - Callophrys gryneus Giant Swallowtail - Papilio cresphontes White M Hairstreak - Parrhasius m-album Eastern Tiger Swallowtail - Papilio glaucus Gray Hairstreak - Strymon melinus Spicebush Swallowtail - Papilio troilus Red-banded Hairstreak - Calycopis cecrops Palamedes Swallowtail - Papilio palamedes Blues (Subfamily - Polommatinae) Ceraunus Blue - Hemiargus ceraunus Eastern-Tailed Blue - Everes comyntas WHITES AND SULPHURS Spring Azure - Celastrina ladon (Family PIERIDAE) Whites (Subfamily - Pierinae) BRUSHFOOTS Cabbage White - Pieris rapae (Family NYMPHALIDAE) Falcate Orangetip - Anthocharis midea Snouts (Subfamily - Libytheinae) American Snout - Libytheana carinenta Sulphurs and Yellows (Subfamily - Coliadinae) Clouded Sulphur - Colias philodice Heliconians and Fritillaries Orange Sulphur - Colias eurytheme (Subfamily - Heliconiinae) Southern Dogface - Colias cesonia Gulf Fritillary - Agraulis vanillae Cloudless Sulphur - Phoebis sennae Zebra Heliconian - Heliconius charithonia Barred Yellow - Eurema daira Variegated Fritillary -
NATURESCAPE BRITISH COLUMBIA Caring for Wildlife Habitat at Home
The Stewardship Series NATURESCAPE BRITISH COLUMBIA Caring for Wildlife Habitat at Home Native Plant and Animal Booklet, Coast and Mountains Naturescape British Columbia IS FUNDED BY For More information, call 1-800-387-9853 National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data Main entry under title: Naturescape British Columbia. Native plant and animal booklet, coast & mountains. – [Stewardship series] Consists of 2 v. in 1. Title on v. [2]: Naturescape British Columbia. Resource booklet, coast & mountains. Vol. [2] compiled by Saila Hull. Also available on the Internet. ISBN 0-7726-5179-5 1. Animals - British Columbia. 2. Plants - British Columbia. 3. Biotic communities - British Columbia. 4. Coastal ecology - British Columbia. 5. Nature conservation - Bibliography. 6. Nature conservation - British Columbia – Information resources. 7. Pacific Coast (B.C.) – Environmental conditions. I. MacDonald, Andrew, 1965- II. Hull, Saila. III. Naturescape British Columbia. IV. Title: Naturescape British Columbia. Resource booklet, coast & mountains. QH77.C3 N37 2004 578’.097111 C2004-960069-9 Notice: The information contained in the Naturescape British Columbia Guide and booklets is true and complete to the best of our knowledge. All recommendations are made without any guarantees on the part of the authors and Naturescape British Columbia sponsors. Because the means, materials and procedures followed by home- owners are beyond our control, the authors and Naturescape British Columbia disclaim all liability in connection with the use of this -
Superior National Forest
Admirals & Relatives Subfamily Limenitidinae Skippers Family Hesperiidae £ Viceroy Limenitis archippus Spread-wing Skippers Subfamily Pyrginae £ Silver-spotted Skipper Epargyreus clarus £ Dreamy Duskywing Erynnis icelus £ Juvenal’s Duskywing Erynnis juvenalis £ Northern Cloudywing Thorybes pylades Butterflies of the £ White Admiral Limenitis arthemis arthemis Superior Satyrs Subfamily Satyrinae National Forest £ Common Wood-nymph Cercyonis pegala £ Common Ringlet Coenonympha tullia £ Northern Pearly-eye Enodia anthedon Skipperlings Subfamily Heteropterinae £ Arctic Skipper Carterocephalus palaemon £ Mancinus Alpine Erebia disa mancinus R9SS £ Red-disked Alpine Erebia discoidalis R9SS £ Little Wood-satyr Megisto cymela Grass-Skippers Subfamily Hesperiinae £ Pepper & Salt Skipper Amblyscirtes hegon £ Macoun’s Arctic Oeneis macounii £ Common Roadside-Skipper Amblyscirtes vialis £ Jutta Arctic Oeneis jutta (R9SS) £ Least Skipper Ancyloxypha numitor Northern Crescent £ Eyed Brown Satyrodes eurydice £ Dun Skipper Euphyes vestris Phyciodes selenis £ Common Branded Skipper Hesperia comma £ Indian Skipper Hesperia sassacus Monarchs Subfamily Danainae £ Hobomok Skipper Poanes hobomok £ Monarch Danaus plexippus £ Long Dash Polites mystic £ Peck’s Skipper Polites peckius £ Tawny-edged Skipper Polites themistocles £ European Skipper Thymelicus lineola LINKS: http://www.naba.org/ The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/ in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national -
St.Marks National Wildlife Refuge Butterfly Checklist
St.Marks National Wildlife Refuge Butterfly Checklist Assembled by Stacy Hurst, Richard G. RuBino, and Karla Brandt September 2002 Sponsored by the St. Marks Refuge Association, Inc. For more information on butterflies and other wildlife on the refuge, contact: St. Marks NationalWildlife Refuge 1255 Lighthouse Road, St. Marks, FL 32355 (850) 925-6121 http://saintmarks.fws.gov Sunset photo by Shawn Gillette, St. Marks NWR Inside photographs are reproduced by permission of Paul A. Opier l^ong-tailed Skipper (Urbanusproteus) - May-Nov; brushy or disturbed areas Silver-spotted Skipper (Epargyreus clarus) - Mar-Oct; open areas Milkweed Butterflies Monarch (Danaus plexippus) - Apr & Oct-Nov; open fields; clusters in trees ©Paul A. Opler ©Paul A Opler ©Paul A Opler ©Paul A. Opler Queen (Danaus gilippus) - Apr-Sep; open areas, brushy fields, roadsides Zebra Swallowtail Palamedes Swallowtail Gulf Fritillary American Lady Other Butterflies This checklist includes the most common species of butterflies found at St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge, the time of year they might be seen on the American Lady (Vanessa virginiensis) - Mar-May & Sep-Oct; open spaces refuge, and their habitat preferences. Carolina Satyr (Hermeuptychia sosybius) - Mar-Nov; open fields, wooded Swallowtails areas Black Swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes) - Jun-Nov; open fields, tidal Common Buckeye (Junonia coenia) - May-Nov; open fields, pine woods marshes Common Wood Nymph (Cercyonis pegala) -May-Sep; moist, grassy areas Eastern Tiger Swallowtail (Papilio glaucus) - Apr-Nov; edge of Common Buckeye deciduous woods Gemmed Satyr (Cyllopsis gemma) - May-Nov; moist grassy areas Giant Swallowtail (Papilio cresphontes) - Apr-Oct; woodlands and fields Georgia Satyr (Neonympha areolata) - Mar-Apr & Sep-Oct; open pine OPaul A. -
Lepidoptera Recorded for Imperial County California Compiled by Jeffrey Caldwell [email protected] 1-925-949-8696 Note
Lepidoptera Recorded for Imperial County California Compiled by Jeffrey Caldwell [email protected] 1-925-949-8696 Note: BMNA = Butterflies and Moths of North America web site MPG = Moth Photographers Group web site Most are from the Essig Museum’s California Moth Specimens Database web site Arctiidae. Tiger and Lichen Moths. Apantesis proxima (Notarctia proxima). Mexican Tiger Moth. 8181 [BMNA] Ectypia clio (clio). Clio Tiger Moth. 8249 Estigmene acrea (acrea). Salt Marsh Moth. 8131 Euchaetes zella. 8232 Autostichidae (Deoclonidae). Oegoconia novimundi. Four-spotted Yellowneck Moth. 1134 (Oegoconia quadripuncta mis-applied) Bucculatricidae. Ribbed Cocoon-maker Moths. Bucculatrix enceliae. Brittlebrush Moth. 0546 Cossidae. Goat Moths, Carpenterworm Moths, and Leopard Moths. Comadia henrici. 2679 Givira mucida. 2660 Hypopta palmata. 2656 Prionoxystus robiniae (mixtus). Carpenterworm or Locust Borer. 2693 Depressariidae. Pseudethmia protuberans. 1008 [MPG] Ethmiidae. Now assigned to Depressariidae. Ethmiinae. Ethmia timberlakei. 0984 Pseudethmia protuberans. 1008 Gelechiidae. Twirler Moths. Aristotelia adceanotha. 1726 [Sighting 1019513 BMNA] Chionodes abdominella. 2054 Chionodes dentella. 2071 Chionodes fructuaria. 2078 Chionodes kincaidella. 2086 (reared from Atriplex acanthocarpa in Texas) Chionodes oecus. 2086.2 Chionodes sistrella. 2116 Chionodes xanthophilella. 2125 Faculta inaequalis. Palo Verde Webworm. 2206 Friseria cockerelli. Mesquite Webworm. 1916 Gelechia desiliens. 1938 Isophrictis sabulella. 1701 Keiferia lycopersicella. Tomato Pinworm. 2047 Pectinophora gossypiella. Pink Bollworm. 2261 Prolita puertella. 1895 Prolita veledae. 1903 Geometridae. Inchworm Moths, Loopers, Geometers, or Measuring Worms. Archirhoe neomexicana. 7295 Chesiadodes coniferaria. 6535 Chlorochlamys appellaria. 7073 Cyclophora nanaria. Dwarf Tawny Wave. W 7140 Dichorda illustraria. 7055 Dichordophora phoenix. Phoenix Emerald. 7057 Digrammia colorata. Creosote Moth. 6381 Digrammia irrorata (rubricata). 6395 Digrammia pictipennata. 6372 Digrammia puertata. -
CA Checklist of Butterflies of Tulare County
Checklist of Buerflies of Tulare County hp://www.natureali.org/Tularebuerflychecklist.htm Tulare County Buerfly Checklist Compiled by Ken Davenport & designed by Alison Sheehey Swallowtails (Family Papilionidae) Parnassians (Subfamily Parnassiinae) A series of simple checklists Clodius Parnassian Parnassius clodius for use in the field Sierra Nevada Parnassian Parnassius behrii Kern Amphibian Checklist Kern Bird Checklist Swallowtails (Subfamily Papilioninae) Kern Butterfly Checklist Pipevine Swallowtail Battus philenor Tulare Butterfly Checklist Black Swallowtail Papilio polyxenes Kern Dragonfly Checklist Checklist of Exotic Animals Anise Swallowtail Papilio zelicaon (incl. nitra) introduced to Kern County Indra Swallowtail Papilio indra Kern Fish Checklist Giant Swallowtail Papilio cresphontes Kern Mammal Checklist Kern Reptile Checklist Western Tiger Swallowtail Papilio rutulus Checklist of Sensitive Species Two-tailed Swallowtail Papilio multicaudata found in Kern County Pale Swallowtail Papilio eurymedon Whites and Sulphurs (Family Pieridae) Wildflowers Whites (Subfamily Pierinae) Hodgepodge of Insect Pine White Neophasia menapia Photos Nature Ali Wild Wanderings Becker's White Pontia beckerii Spring White Pontia sisymbrii Checkered White Pontia protodice Western White Pontia occidentalis The Butterfly Digest by Cabbage White Pieris rapae Bruce Webb - A digest of butterfly discussion around Large Marble Euchloe ausonides the nation. Frontispiece: 1 of 6 12/26/10 9:26 PM Checklist of Buerflies of Tulare County hp://www.natureali.org/Tularebuerflychecklist.htm -
Butterflies of Citrus County and Host Plants
Butterflies of Citrus County ~---4- --•;... ____ - Family I Species Host plant Hesperiidae SkipQers Phocides Qigmalion Mangrove Skipper ~mangrove herbs, vines, shrubs, and trees in the pea family (Fabaceae) including false indigobush (Amorpha fruticosa L.), American hogpeanut (Amphicarpaea bracteata [L.) Fernald), Atlantic pidgeonwings or butterfly pea (Clitoria mariana L.), groundnut (Apios ~vreus clarus Silver-spotted Skip~ americana Medik.), American wisteria (Wisteria frutescens [L.) Poir.) and the introduced Dixie ticktrefoil (Desmodium tortuosum [Sw.] DC.), kudzu (Pueraria montana [Lour.] Merr.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), Chinese wisteria (Wisteria sinensis [Sims) DC.) and a variety of other legumes Urbanus prqJg_µs Long-t~.Ued SkiQpec vine legumes including various beans (Phaseolus), hog peanuts (Amphicarpa bracteata), beggar's ticks (Desmodium), blue peas (Clitoria), and wisteria (Wisteria) Various legumes inclu ding wild and cu ltivated beans (Phaseolus), begga r's ticks Urbanus dorantes Dorantes Longtail (Desmodium), and bl ue peas (Clit oria ) -· Beggar\'s ticks (Desmodium); occasionally false indigo (Baptisia) and bush clover Achalarus ly-ciades Hoar.y_r;_ggg {Lespedeza); all in the pea family {Fabaceae) - pea family (Fabaceae) including beggar's ticks (Desmodium), bush clover (Lespedeza), Thor'lbes P'llades Northern Cloud'lwing clover (Trifolium), lotus (Hosackia), and others. -----· Thory-bes bathy-llus Southern Cloudywing Potato bean, Apios americana. Ozark milkvetch, Astragalus distortus var. engelmanni ~ ---- Lespedezas (Lespedeza spp .) are reported as well as Florida Hoarypea (Tephrosia l ibQr:_y_bes confusis Confused Cloudy-wing florid a) . -· -- -------- Staphy:lus hayhurst_ii Ha yh u r?J?-5.IAJ.\QQ Wi ri_g Lambsquart ers {Che nopodium) in the goosefoot family (Chenopodiaceae ), and occasiona lly chaff flower (Alternanthera) in the pigweed family (Amaranthaceae). -
Creating Economically and Ecologically Sustainable Pollinator Habitat District 2 Demonstration Research Project Summary Updated for Site Visit in April 2019
Creating Economically and Ecologically Sustainable Pollinator Habitat District 2 Demonstration Research Project Summary Updated for Site Visit in April 2019 The PIs are most appreciative for identification assistance provided by: Arian Farid and Alan R. Franck, Director and former Director, resp., University of South Florida Herbarium, Tampa, FL; Edwin Bridges, Botanical and Ecological Consultant; Floyd Griffith, Botanist; and Eugene Wofford, Director, University of Tennessee Herbarium, Knoxville, TN Investigators Rick Johnstone and Robin Haggie (IVM Partners, 501-C-3 non-profit; http://www.ivmpartners.org/); Larry Porter and John Nettles (ret.), District 2 Wildflower Coordinator; Jeff Norcini, FDOT State Wildflower Specialist Cooperator Rick Owen (Imperiled Butterflies of Florida Work Group – North) Objective Evaluate a cost-effective strategy for creating habitat for pollinators/beneficial insects in the ROW beyond the back-slope. Rationale • Will aid FDOT in developing a strategy to create pollinator habitat per the federal BEE Act and FDOT’s Wildflower Program • Will demonstrate that FDOT can simultaneously • Create sustainable pollinator habitat in an economical and ecological manner • Reduce mowing costs • Part of national effort coordinated by IVM Partners, who has • Established or will establish similar projects on roadside or utility ROWS in Alabama, Arkansas, Maryland, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Idaho, Montana, Virginia, West Virginia, and Tennessee; studies previously conducted in Arizona, Delaware, Michigan, and New Jersey • Developed partnerships with US Fish & Wildlife Service, Army Corps of Engineers, US Geological Survey, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Rutgers University, Chesapeake Bay Foundation, Chesapeake Wildlife Heritage, The Navajo Nation, The Wildlife Habitat Council, The Pollinator Partnership, Progressive Solutions, Bayer Crop Sciences, Universities of Maryland, Ohio, West Virginia, and the EPA. -
Biology and Systematics of Phyciodes (Phyciodes)
cf#']i:z 10 Feb. 20, 1998 PAPILIO ~ $4.00 - ..- ·-- .. -· - ~- - PHYCIODES (PHYCIOD£S): N£W DISCOVERIES, NEW SUBSPECIES, AND comf£R6ENCE by DR. JAMES A. SCOTT 60 Estes Street, Lakewood, Colorado 80226 Abstract. The paper presents new discoveries in Phyciodes (Phyciodes ). New life history information is given for P. mylitta arizonensis, P. pallida pallida, P. pallida barnesi, P. tharos tharos, P. cocyta selenis, P. cocyta dimin'utor, P. batesii lakota, P. b. apsaalooke, P. b. anasazi, P. pulchella camillus, and P. picta picta. P. batesii anasazi was found to significantly converge toward P. cocyta in western Colorado in appearance of some adults larvae and pupae, and P. cocyta selenis from the same area was found to converge a little toward anasazi in adult wing pattern and larval head pattern, so some individuals of these two tax.a are difficult to distinguish. The nomenclatural identity of P. tharos form marcia is clarified. Five new subspecies are named: P. tharos orantain has orange antenna nudum and is somewhat intermediate between P. tharos tharos and P. cocyta. P. cocyta diminutor is multivoltine with late-flying summer generations that are small like P. tharos, and might possibly even be a separate species from the sympatric univoltine larger P. cocyta selenis. P. pulchella deltarufa has oranger ups than ssp. pulchella. P. pulchella owimba differs from ssp. pulchella by having an orange antenna nudum and some different wing pattern details. P. phaon jalapeno has paler median ups bands. INTRODUCTION Scott (1994) reported on the systematics and biology of Phyciodes (Phyciodes), described numerous new life histories, named five new tax.a, and corrected prior nomenclature. -
How to Use This Checklist
How To Use This Checklist Swallowtails: Family Papilionidae Special Note: Spring and Summer Azures have recently The information presented in this checklist reflects our __ Pipevine Swallowtail Battus philenor R; May - Sep. been recognized as separate species. Azure taxonomy has not current understanding of the butterflies found within __ Zebra Swallowtail Eurytides marcellus R; May - Aug. been completely sorted out by the experts. Cleveland Metroparks. (This list includes all species that have __ Black Swallowtail Papilio polyxenes C; May - Sep. __ Appalachian Azure Celastrina neglecta-major h; mid - late been recorded in Cuyahoga County, and a few additional __ Giant Swallowtail Papilio cresphontes h; rare in Cleveland May; not recorded in Cuy. Co. species that may occur here.) Record you observations and area; July - Aug. Brush-footed Butterflies: Family Nymphalidae contact a naturalist if you find something that may be of __ Eastern Tiger Swallowtail Papilio glaucus C; May - Oct.; __ American Snout Libytheana carinenta R; June - Oct. interest. females occur as yellow or dark morphs __ Variegated Fritillary Euptoieta claudia R; June - Oct. __ Spicebush Swallowtail Papilio troilus C; May - Oct. __ Great Spangled Fritillary Speyeria cybele C; May - Oct. Species are listed taxonomically, with a common name, a Whites and Sulphurs: Family Pieridae __ Aphrodite Fritillary Speyeria aphrodite O; June - Sep. scientific name, a note about its relative abundance and flight __ Checkered White Pontia protodice h; rare in Cleveland area; __ Regal Fritillary Speyeria idalia X; no recent Ohio records; period. Check off species that you identify within Cleveland May - Oct. formerly in Cleveland Metroparks Metroparks. __ West Virginia White Pieris virginiensis O; late Apr. -
Specimen Records for North American Lepidoptera (Insecta) in the Oregon State Arthropod Collection. Lycaenidae Leach, 1815 and Riodinidae Grote, 1895
Catalog: Oregon State Arthropod Collection 2019 Vol 3(2) Specimen records for North American Lepidoptera (Insecta) in the Oregon State Arthropod Collection. Lycaenidae Leach, 1815 and Riodinidae Grote, 1895 Jon H. Shepard Paul C. Hammond Christopher J. Marshall Oregon State Arthropod Collection, Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis OR 97331 Cite this work, including the attached dataset, as: Shepard, J. S, P. C. Hammond, C. J. Marshall. 2019. Specimen records for North American Lepidoptera (Insecta) in the Oregon State Arthropod Collection. Lycaenidae Leach, 1815 and Riodinidae Grote, 1895. Catalog: Oregon State Arthropod Collection 3(2). (beta version). http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/osu/cat_osac.3.2.4594 Introduction These records were generated using funds from the LepNet project (Seltmann) - a national effort to create digital records for North American Lepidoptera. The dataset published herein contains the label data for all North American specimens of Lycaenidae and Riodinidae residing at the Oregon State Arthropod Collection as of March 2019. A beta version of these data records will be made available on the OSAC server (http://osac.oregonstate.edu/IPT) at the time of this publication. The beta version will be replaced in the near future with an official release (version 1.0), which will be archived as a supplemental file to this paper. Methods Basic digitization protocols and metadata standards can be found in (Shepard et al. 2018). Identifications were confirmed by Jon Shepard and Paul Hammond prior to digitization. Nomenclature follows that of (Pelham 2008). Results The holdings in these two families are extensive. Combined, they make up 25,743 specimens (24,598 Lycanidae and 1145 Riodinidae).