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Holcoglossum Calcicola Und Paphiopedilum Barbigerum Var. Sulivongii

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Holcoglossum Calcicola Und Paphiopedilum Barbigerum Var. Sulivongii OrchideenJournal Heft 1 · 2009 Holcoglossum calcicola und Paphiopedilum barbigerum var. sulivongii: Zwei attraktive neue Orchideen der Kalksteinberge von Laos André Schuiteman & Pierre Bonnet Schuiteman Kalksteinberge in Laos / Laos limstone hills © André Einführung aufgrund des ausgeprägten Monsun- mit ihnen bedeckt sind, häufi g zu fi n- Eingeschlossen zwischen Thailand, klimas hauptsächlich mit Wäldern be- den. Sie umfassen neben vielen ande- Burma, China, Vietnam und Kambod- deckt ist, dessen Bäume zum Teil laub- ren Arten Coelogyne viscosa, Vanda li- scha ist Laos in vieler Hinsicht eins abwerfend sind (Rundel, 1999). Hier lacina, Acampe rigida, Dendrobium der weniger bekannten Länder Südost- wird die Landschaft von nahezu end- fi mbriatum, Bulbophyllum orientale, asiens. Bis heute sind aus Laos etwa losen Gebirgszügen steiler Berge do- Calanthe vestita. Es ist normalerweise 490 Orchideenarten bekannt gewor- miniert, die bis zu mehr als 1.000 m durchaus riskant, die Berge zu erklet- den. Dies ist jedoch möglicherweise hoch sind und Barrieren grauen Kalk- tern, weil der stark zergliederte Kalk- nur wenig mehr als die Hälfte der Ar- steins bilden. Oft sind sie mit spitzen stein fast so scharf wie zerbrochenes tenzahl, die gefunden werden kann Kämmen und Gipfeln zu bizarren For- Glas ist und tiefe Löcher unter einer (Schuiteman et al., im Druck), da vie- men erodiert, die an manchen Plät- dünnen Schicht von abgestorbenen le Teile von Laos von Botanikern im- zen stark an die Ruinen gigantischer Ästen und Falllaub versteckt sein kön- mer noch nahezu unerforscht sind. Schlösser erinnern. Der größte Teil nen. Während unserer Exkursionen in Verschiedene Gründe, zu denen auch des Gebietes ist sehr dünn besiedelt diesem Gebiet entdeckten wir viele Or- eine schlechte Infrastruktur und unzu- und die Berge sind generell noch be- chideen, die zuvor nicht aus Laos be- gängliche Gelände gehören, sind dafür waldet, aber oft mit kleinen Bäumen in kannt waren. So z. B. Eparmatostigma maßgebend. Von 2006 bis 2008 waren sehr lockeren Wäldern, in denen suk- dives (Schuiteman & Bonnet 2008) das „French Agricultural Research Cen- kulente, dornige Euphorbia-Arten das und Thaia saprophytica (Schuiteman tre for International Development (CI- trockene Klima anzeigen, das während et al., im Druck), wie auch sogar eini- RAD)“, das „National Herbarium of the eines Teils des Jahres vorherrscht. Ei- ge, die der Wissenschaft bisher unbe- Netherlands“ und die „National Univer- nige der Baumarten haben dicke, ge- kannt waren. Davon sollen zwei nach- sity of Laos“ an einem Projekt hinsicht- schwollene Stämme, von denen viele folgend beschrieben werden. lich des Handels und des Schutzes der während der Trockenzeit blattlos sind. Orchideen in Laos beteiligt (ORCHIS). Zu den charakteristischen Arten gehö- Holcoglossum calcicola Schuit. & Für dieses Projekt wurden Pfl anzen in ren Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker Gawl., P. Bonnet, spec. nov. vielen Teilen des Landes untersucht. Sterculia sp., Cycas sp. und eine un- Darin eingeschlossen war eins der fas- gewöhnliche, kürzlich beschriebene Diagnose: A congeneribus labelli lo- zinierendsten und gleichzeitig schwie- Impatiens-Art, Impatiens pachycau- bo intermedio ligulato-pandurato rigsten Gebiete, die es zu erkunden lon M.F. Newman. Demzufolge sieht papilloso-verrucoso callo basali bi- galt: der Kalksteingürtel in den östli- die Vegetation oft aus, wie man sie lobato differt. chen Provinzen von Bolikhamxai und in Afrika oder auf Madagaskar erwar- Khammouan. Dieser Landstrich bildet ten würde. Orchideen sind insbeson- Typus: D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, einen Teil des größeren zentralen in- dere in der Nähe der Gipfel der Berge, A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB 451 dochinesischen Kalksteingürtels, der wo die Bäume und die Felsen komplett (L Holotypus; Herbarium der Fakul- 6 Heft 1 · 2009 OrchideenJournal Holcoglossum calcicola Schuiteman and © André Paphiopedilum barbigerum var. sulivongii: Two attractive new orchids André Schuiteman & Pierre Bonnet from the limestone hills Holcoglossum calcicola in situ / am Standort of Laos Introduction deciduous forest (Rundel, 1999), as a Vanda lilacina, Acampe rigida, Dendro- Enclosed between Thailand, Burma, result of the distinct monsoon climate. bium fi mbriatum, Bulbophyllum orien- China, Vietnam and Cambodia, Laos Here the landscape is dominated by tale, Calanthe vestita and many others. is in many respects one of the lesser almost endless ranges of steep hills, It is usually quite hazardous to climb known countries in Southeast Asia. At some more than 1,000 m high, form- these hills because of the strongly dis- present about 490 orchid species have ing barriers of gray limestone, often sected limestone, which can be almost been recorded from Laos, but this is eroded into bizarre shapes, with sharp as sharp as broken glass, while deep probably only little more than half the crests and pinnacles, in some places holes may be hidden under a thin layer number of species that may be found strongly resembling the ruins of giant of dead branches and leaf litter. During there (Schuiteman et al., in press). castles. Most of the area is very sparse- our excursions into this area we discov- Many parts of Laos are still almost un- ly populated and the hills are generally ered many orchids that were not previ- explored by botanists. This has vari- still forested, but often with a very open ously known from Laos, as for example ous causes, including poor infrastruc- forest of small trees, including succu- Eparmatostigma dives (Schuiteman & ture and inaccessibility of the terrain. lent spiny Euphorbia species that tes- Bonnet 2008) and Thaia saprophytica From 2006 to 2008, the “French Agri- tify to the dry conditions during part of (Schuiteman et al., in press), and even cultural Research Centre for Interna- the year. Some of the tree species have some that were unknown to science. tional Development (CIRAD)”, the “Na- fat swollen trunks and many are leaf- Two of the latter are described below. tional Herbarium of the Netherlands”, less during the dry season. Character- and the “National University of Laos”, istic species include Dracaena fragrans Holcoglossum calcicola Schuit. & were involved in a project concerning (L.) Ker Gawl., Sterculia sp., Cycas sp., P. Bonnet, spec. nov. the trade and conservation of orchids and an unusual, recently described Im- in Laos (ORCHIS). For this project plants patiens species, Impatiens pachycaulon Diagnosis: A congeneribus labelli lo- were studied in many parts of the coun- M.F. Newman. As a result the vegetation bo intermedio ligulato-pandurato try, including one of the most fascinat- often looks like what you expect to see papilloso-verrucoso callo basali bilo- ing and at the same time hardest are- in Africa or Madagascar, rather than in bato differt. as to explore: the limestone belt in the Southeast Asia. Orchids are common, eastern provinces of Bolikhamxai and especially near the summits of the hills, Type: D. Barthélémy, P. Bonnet, Khammouan. This area forms part of where the trees and the rocks are often A. Schuiteman, V. Lamxay PB 451 the larger central Indochina limestone completely covered with them. This in- (L holotype; Herbarium of the Facul- belt, which is mainly covered with semi- cludes species like Coelogyne viscosa, ty of Sciences of the National Univer- 7 OrchideenJournal Heft 1 · 2009 tät der Wissenschaften der National überlappend, ausdauernd, 2 – 2,5 cm quer breit elliptisch, etwas schief, 1,3 Universität von Laos, Isotypus; bei- lang. Infl oreszenzen erscheinen dicht x 1,4 cm groß, Spitze breit gerundet. de lediglich als Alkohol-Material), an den zuletzt entwickelten Wurzeln, Lippe mit Sporn 2,5 cm lang, 3-lap- Laos, Bolikhamxai Provinz, Lak Xao ca. 14 cm lang, schlank, horizontal, un- pig; unterer Teil (ohne den Sporn) breit Distrikt, im Mai 2007 gesammelt, verzweigt, locker 2 – 5 blütig; Blüten- sackartig, 6 mm breit (nicht ausgebrei- blühte in Kultur in der National Uni- stängel 12 cm lang, 1,8 mm im Durch- tet); seitliche Lappen schmal recht- versität von Laos in Vientiane im Ap- messer, ca. 3 – 5 Schuppen am Blüten- eckig, etwas sensenförmig, 1 cm x 3,5 ril 2008. stängel, gleichmäßig verteilt, asym- mm groß, Spitze schief abgeschnitten; metrisch röhrenförmig, 3 – 4 mm lang, Mittellappen bandartig-geigenförmig, Beschreibung: Trieb hängend, un- stumpf; Blütenstandsachse rund, et- 1,3 x 0,4 cm groß, Spitze zweilappig, verzweigt, 2 – 8 cm lang, 4 – 6 mm im was zickzack, 1,2 mm im Durchmesser. mit kleinen, gerundeten, überlappen- Durchmesser, am unteren Teil unter- Blütenhüllblätter dreieckig, 1,5 – 2 mm den Lappen ca. 1,5 mm lang; mittle- halb der Blätter bewurzelt. Wurzeln lang, konkav, stumpf. Blütenstiel und rer Teil des Mittellappens warzig, mit teret, abgefl acht wenn sie dem Subs- Ovarien schlank, ca. 2,4 cm lang, et- zwei breiten, undeutlich abgerunde- trat aufl iegen, spärlich verzweigt, was gebogen gleich unterhalb der Blü- ten Kielen, am Grunde des Mittellap- sehr lang, 3 – 5 mm im Durchmesser. te, kantig rund, glatt. Blüten resupinie- pens mit einem kurzen, aber gut ent- 3 – 4 Blätter, hängend, glatt, knotig, rend, ca. 2,5 cm im Durchmesser, weit wickelten, zweilappigen Kallus; Sporn fast rund im Querschnitt, breit und geöffnet. Mittleres Sepal breit eiför- gerade, seitlich abgefl acht, 6 – 7 mm tief gerillt, sich zur gespitzten, seit- mig elliptisch, 1,5 x 1,2 cm groß, Spitze lang, von unten betrachtet linealisch, lich abgefl achten Spitze verjüngend, breit gerundet. Petalen breit elliptisch, 1 mm breit, viel schmaler als die sack- 27 – 45 cm lang, 4 – 5 mm breit, leicht 1,5 – 1,6 x 1 – 1,3 cm groß, Spitze gerun- artige Basis der Lippe, in der Seitenan- längs verdreht. Blattscheiden dicht det-abgeschnitten. Seitliche Sepalen sicht schmal konisch, in der Nähe der Öffnung 2,5 mm breit, Spitze stumpf, manchmal mit ein paar kleinen War- zen. Säule kurz und robust, 2 mm lang; Klinandrium fast fl ach, mit einer zen- tralen Schwellung; Narbe groß, tief konkav, unterer Rand ausladend, ein- wärts gebogen, glänzend; Rostellum kurz, zweilappig, mit breiten, abge- schnittenen Lappen; Säulenfuß sehr kurz, undeutlich.
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