A Companion to Ancient Thrace
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A COMPANION TO ANCIENT THRACE BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO THE ANCIENT WORLD This series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of periods of ancient history, genres of classical literature, and the most important themes in ancient culture. Each volume comprises between approximately 25 and 40 concise essays written by individual scholars within their area of specialization. The essays are written in a clear, provocative, and lively manner, designed for an international audience of scholars, students, and general readers. ANCIENT HISTORY A Companion to Ancient Epic A Companion to the Roman Army Edited by John Miles Foley Edited by Paul Erdkamp A Companion to Greek Tragedy A Companion to the Roman Republic Edited by Justina Gregory Edited by Nathan Rosenstein and Robert Morstein-Marx A Companion to Latin Literature A Companion to the Roman Empire Edited by Stephen Harrison Edited by David S. Potter A Companion to Greek and Roman Political Thought A Companion to the Classical Greek World Edited by Ryan K. Balot Edited by Konrad H. Kinzl A Companion to Ovid A Companion to the Ancient Near East Edited by Peter E. Knox Edited by Daniel C. Snell A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language A Companion to the Hellenistic World Edited by Egbert Bakker Edited by Andrew Erskine A Companion to Hellenistic Literature A Companion to Late Antiquity Edited by Martine Cuypers and James J. Clauss Edited by Philip Rousseau A Companion to Vergil’s Aeneid and its Tradition A Companion to Ancient History Edited by Joseph Farrell and Michael C. J. Putnam Edited by Andrew Erskine A Companion to Horace A Companion to Archaic Greece Edited by Gregson Davis Edited by Kurt A. Raaflaub and Hans van Wees A Companion to Families in the Greek and Roman Worlds A Companion to Julius Caesar Edited by Beryl Rawson Edited by Miriam Griffin A Companion to Greek Mythology A Companion to Byzantium Edited by Ken Dowden and Niall Livingstone Edited by Liz James A Companion to the Latin Language A Companion to Ancient Egypt Edited by James Clackson Edited by Alan B. Lloyd A Companion to Tacitus A Companion to Ancient Macedonia Edited by Victoria Emma Pagán Edited by Joseph Roisman and Ian Worthington A Companion to Women in the Ancient World A Companion to the Punic Wars Edited by Sharon L. James and Sheila Dillon Edited by Dexter Hoyos A Companion to Sophocles A Companion to Augustine Edited by Kirk Ormand Edited by Mark Vessey A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East A Companion to Marcus Aurelius Edited by Daniel Potts Edited by Marcel van Ackeren A Companion to Roman Love Elegy A Companion to Ancient Greek Government Edited by Barbara K. Gold Edited by Hans Beck A Companion to Greek Art A Companion to the Neronian Age Edited by Tyler Jo Smith and Dimitris Plantzos Edited by Emma Buckley and Martin T. Dinter A Companion to Persius and Juvenal A Companion to Greek Democracy and the Roman Republic Edited by Susanna Braund and Josiah Osgood Edited by Dean Hammer A Companion to the Archaeology of the Roman Republic A Companion to Livy Edited by Jane DeRose Evans Edited by Bernard Mineo A Companion to Terence A Companion to Ancient Thrace Edited by Antony Augoustakis and Ariana Traill Edited by Julia Valeva, Emil Nankov, and Denver Graninger A Companion to Roman Architecture LITERATURE AND CULTURE Edited by Roger B. Ulrich and Caroline K. Quenemoen A Companion to Classical Receptions A Companion to Sport and Spectacle in Greek and Roman Edited by Lorna Hardwick and Christopher Stray Antiquity Edited by Paul Christesen and Donald G. Kyle A Companion to Greek and Roman Historiography Edited by John Marincola A Companion to Plutarch Edited by Mark Beck A Companion to Catullus Edited by Marilyn B. Skinner A Companion to Greek and Roman Sexualities Edited by Thomas K. Hubbard A Companion to Roman Religion Edited by Jörg Rüpke A Companion to the Ancient Novel Edited by Edmund P. Cueva and Shannon N. Byrne A Companion to Greek Religion Edited by Daniel Ogden A Companion to Ethnicity in the Ancient Mediterranean Edited by Jeremy McInerney A Companion to the Classical Tradition Edited by Craig W. Kallendorf A Companion to Ancient Egyptian Art Edited by Melinda Hartwig A Companion to Roman Rhetoric Edited by William Dominik and Jon Hall A Companion to Food in the Ancient World Edited by John Wilkins and Robin Nadeau A Companion to Greek Rhetoric Edited by Ian Worthington A COMPANION TO ANCIENT THRACE Edited by Julia Valeva, Emil Nankov, and Denver Graninger This edition first published 2015 © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/ wiley-blackwell. The right of Julia Valeva, Emil Nankov, and Denver Graninger to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A companion to ancient Thrace / edited by Julia Valeva, Emil Nankov, and Denver Graninger. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4443-5104-0 (cloth) 1. Thrace–History–To 1362. 2. Thrace–Antiquities. I. Valeva, Julia, editor, author. II. Nankov, Emil, editor, author. III. Graninger, Denver, editor, author. DR50.6.C66 2015 939′.861–dc23 2014047937 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Cover image: Apollo (?) on a chariot drawn by winged horses, detail from a jug from the Rogozen hoard, 4th century BC. Regional Museum of History, Vratsa, Bulgaria / photo by Nikolai Genov. Set in 9.5/11.5pt Galliard by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India 1 2015 Contents Editors’ Preface ix Notes on Contributors xi Abbreviations xiv Part I Thrace and Thracians 1 1 An Introduction to Studying Ancient Thrace 3 Nikola Theodossiev 2 Geography 12 Jan Bouzek and Denver Graninger 3 Ethnicity and Ethne 22 Denver Graninger Part II History 33 4 Early History of Thrace to the Murder of Kotys I (360 BCE) 35 Michael Zahrnt 5 Thrace from the Assassination of Kotys I to Koroupedion (360–281 BCE) 48 Peter Delev 6 From Koroupedion to the Beginning of the Third Mithridatic War (281–73 BCE) 59 Peter Delev 7 Roman Thrace 75 Ivaylo Lozanov 8 Thrace in Late Antiquity 91 Boyan Dumanov Part III Evidence 107 9 Settlements 109 Hristo Popov vi Contents 10 Dolmens and Rock-Cut Monuments 126 Georgi Nekhrizov 11 “Ritual Pits” 144 Rumyana Georgieva 12 Tomb Architecture 158 Daniela Stoyanova 13 The Decoration of Thracian Chamber Tombs 180 Julia Valeva 14 Gold, Silver, and Bronze Vessels 197 Julia Valeva 15 Adornments 212 Milena Tonkova 16 The Pottery of Ancient Thrace 229 Anelia Bozkova 17 Inscriptions 243 Dan Dana 18 Introduction to the Numismatics of Thrace, ca. 530 BCE–46 CE 265 Evgeni I. Paunov Part IV Influence and Interaction 293 19 The Greek Colonists 295 Margarit Damyanov 20 Athens 308 Matthew A. Sears 21 Persia 320 Maya Vassileva 22 Thracian and Macedonian Kingship 337 William S. Greenwalt 23 Thracians and Scythians: Tensions, Interactions and Osmosis 352 David Braund 24 Celts 366 Julij Emilov Part V Controversies 383 25 Social Life of Thrace 385 Zosia Archibald 26 Urbanization 399 Emil Nankov Contents vii 27 Trade 412 Chavdar Tzochev 28 Warfare 426 Totko Stoyanov 29 Religion 443 Kostadin Rabadjiev Index 457 Editors’ Preface Beyond the Thracian gold of itinerant museum exhibitions, the Thracian horses of Rhesos, and the wondrous Thracian logos in Herodotus’ Histories, Thrace remains marginal in Western scholarship, often open only to the sustained inquiry of a narrow group of specialists. But new discoveries achieved by intensified archaeological fieldwork and extensive application of remote sensing techniques and interdisciplinary methods, coupled with recent shifts within the modern historiography of the ancient world, have made a reappraisal of ancient Thrace desirable and necessary. A Companion to Ancient Thrace is an acknowledgement of the newly recognized complexity of the social and cultural phenomena of the Balkan periphery of the Classical world and responds to a need to make those phenomena more accessible to a broader scholarly audience.