H978 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 19, 2002 was remarkable for the bravery and fortitude maintain democracy only at great cost. The soring the annual Greek Independence displayed by the typical Greek citizen. This he- freedom we enjoy today is due to a large de- Day Parade for New York City. As roic ideal of sacrifice and service is best dem- gree to the sacrifices made by men and many of my colleagues know, New onstrated through the story of the Suliotes, vil- women in the past—in Greece, in America, York City is the home of the largest lagers who took refuge from Turkish authori- and all over the world. Hellenic population outside of Greece ties in the mountains of Epiros. The fiercely Clearly apparent in the aftermath of the and Cyprus. patriotic Suliotes bravely fought the Turks in September 11th attacks, freedom comes with I would now like to place in the several battles. News of their victories spread a price. Thousands have sacrificed their lives RECORD the members of the board of di- throughout the region and encouraged other to protect our freedom. Today, American mili- rectors, the officers, all of whom are villages to revolt. The Turkish Army acted tary personnel are tracking terrorism at its organizing this important tribute. swiftly and with overwhelming force to quell many sources. It is another reminder that free- The members of the Board of Directors are: the Suliote uprising. dom must be constantly guarded. In the words Bill Stathakos, President; Demos Siokis, The Suliote women were alone as their hus- 1st Vice President; Peter Michaleas, 2nd Vice of President Bush in his recent State of the President; Demetrius Kalamaras, 3rd Vice bands battled the Turks at the front. When Union address, ‘‘it is both our responsibility President; Demetrios Demetriou, General they learned that Turkish troops were fast ap- and our privilege to fight freedom’s fight.’’ Secretary; Demetrios Katchulis, 1st Ass’t. proaching their village, they began to dance Mr. Speaker, on this 181st birthday of Greek Secretary; Chris Orfanakos, 2nd Ass’t Sec- the ‘‘Syrtos,’’ a patriotic Greek dance. One by Independence, when we celebrate the restora- retary; Elias Tsekerides, Treasurer; George one, rather than face torture or enslavement at tion of democracy to the land of its concep- Kalivas Ass’t Treasurer; Ekaterine Livanis, the hands of the Turks, they committed sui- tion, we also celebrate the triumph of the Public Relations. Andreas Savva; Antonios Fokas; Avgitides cide by throwing themselves and their children human spirit and the strength of man’s will. Anastasios; Christos Gousis; Demosthenes off Mount Zalongo. They chose to die rather The goals and values that the people of Triantaffylou; Ektor Polykandriotis; than surrender their freedom. Greece share with the people of the United Eleftherios Avramidis; Jhon Zapantis; Maria The sacrifice of the Suliotes was repeated in States reaffirms our common democratic herit- Kalas; Paul Hatzikyriakos; Stelios Manis; the Arkadi Monastery of Crete. Hundreds of age. This occasion also serves to remind us Legal Advisors; Gregory Sioris and Attorney non-combatants, mainly the families of the that we must never take for granted the right at Law, Katerine Nikiforou, Esquire. Cretan freedom fighters, had taken refuge in to determine our own fate. This year, the board has elected the the Monastery to escape Turkish reprisals. f grand marshals for the parade. They The Turkish army was informed that the Mon- will be from both sides of the ocean, astery was used by the Cretan freedom fight- GREEK INDEPENDENCE DAY representing the strong bond and ers as an arsenal for their war material, and The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mrs. JO friendship between Greece and the they set out to seize it. As the Turkish troops ANN DAVIS of Virginia). Under a pre- United States. From the U.S. Alax were closing in, the priest gathered all the ref- vious order of the House, the gentle- Spanos and Denise Mehiel; and from ugees in the cellar around him. With their con- woman from New York (Mrs. MALONEY) Greece, Apostolos Kakkomanis and sent, he set fire to the gunpowder kegs stored is recognized for 5 minutes. Dora Kakoyiani. Ms. Kakoyiani was a there, killing all but a few. The ruins of the Mrs. MALONEY of New York. Madam victim of a terrorist who assassinated Arkadi Monastery, like the ruins of our Alamo, Speaker, I rise also today with my col- her husband. These outstanding indi- still stand as a monument to liberty. league, the gentleman from Florida viduals will lead the parade to sym- News of the Greek revolution met with wide- (Mr. BILIRAKIS), the co-chair of the Hel- bolize that no terrorist can extinguish spread feelings of compassion in the United lenic Caucus, which I chair with him, the light of democracy and freedom. States. The Founding Fathers eagerly ex- to recognize the Hellenic Americans As the representative of the 14th pressed sentiments of support for the fledgling and their heritage and their tremen- Congressional District, where a large uprising. Several American Presidents, includ- dous contribution to our country and number of my constituents are of Hel- ing James Monroe and John Quincy Adams, really to the world. lenic descent, I have often had the op- conveyed their support for the revolution The ancient state of Greece inspired portunity to speak with them about through their annual messages to Congress. our country in so many ways, from the the victims and heroes of 1821. Today, William Harrison, our ninth President, ex- architecture, the design of the very we speak also about the heroes and vic- pressed his belief in freedom for Greece, say- building in which we are residing right tims of 2001. ing: ‘‘We must send our free will offering. ‘The now, to the design of our government; The Hellenic community, as every Star-spangled Banner’ must wave in the Ae- and today we pay tribute to Greece’s community in New York and world- gean . . . a messenger of fraternity and declaration of independence from the wide, was hit heavily by the travesty of friendship to Greece.’’ Ottoman Empire on March 25. In 2002 it September 11. Those of Hellenic decent Various Members of Congress also showed will be the 181st anniversary. that were lost that day were: Ioanna a keen interest in the Greeks’ struggle for au- History tells us that in 1821 Greece Ahladiotis; Anastasios-Ernestos tonomy. Henry Clay, who in 1825 became rose up in a bloody revolt against the Alikakos; Katerina Bandis; Peter Bren- Secretary of State, was a champion of repressive might of the Ottoman Em- nan, a firefighter; John Catsimatides; Greece’s fight for independence. Among the pire. Determined to end 400 years of Thomas A. Damaskinos; Anthony most vocal was Daniel Webster from Massa- slavery or die in the attempt, Greek Demas; Gus Economou; Michael chusetts, who frequently roused the sympa- patriots began their unyielding strug- Eleferis, also a firefighter; Anna thetic interest of his colleagues and other gle for liberty and independence. Fosteris; Kenneth Grouzalis; Steve Americans in the Greek revolution. The legend says that on March 21, Hagis; Bill Haramis; Nick John; Steve It should not surprise us that the Founding 1821, Bishop Germanos of Patras hoist- Kokinos; Danielle Kousoulis; James Fathers would express such keen support for ed the Greek flag at the monastery of Maounis; George Merkouris; Peter- Greek independence, for they themselves had Agia Lavra in the Peloponnese in an Constantios Moutos; James been inspired by the ancient Greeks in their act of defiance that marked the begin- Papageorge; George Paris; Theodoros own struggle for freedom. As Thomas Jeffer- ning of the war of independence. Pigis; Daphni Pouletsos; Richard son once said, ‘‘To the ancient Greeks . . . At a time when we in the United Poulos; Tony Savvas; Muriel we are all indebted for the light which led our- States are fighting to preserve our de- Siskopoulos; Timothy P. Soulas; selves . . . American colonists, out of gothic mocracy from terrorists, I find a great Andreas Stergiiopoulos; Michael darkness.’’ Our two nations share a brother- deal of significance in our firemen rais- Tarrou; Michael Theodoridis; William hood bonded by the common blood of democ- ing the American flag at the World Tselepis; Jennifer Tzemis; Steve racy, birthed by Lady Liberty, and committed Trade Center after the attack on Sep- Zannettos; Gus Zavvos; Steve Savvas, to the ideal that each individual deserves the tember 11. That act symbolized our war from the New York Police Department; right of self-determination. for democracy and freedom, as did the and Prokopios Paul Zios. These victims We all know that the price of liberty can be flag at Agia Lavra many years ago. are the patriots. They gave their lives very high—history is replete with the names of To honor Greek Independence Day on that terrible attack against our the millions who have sacrificed for it. Soc- and honor the victims and heroes of country and our democracy. rates, Plato, Pericles, and many other great September 11, the Federation of Hel- The members of the fire department, scholars throughout history warned that we lenic Societies of New York is spon- police department, port authority and

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 04:35 Mar 20, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A19MR7.056 pfrm04 PsN: H19PT1 March 19, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H979 military will continue to lead this war the ancient Greeks on democracy. A careful people lived without freedom of religion, ac- and to protect us on the homeland and reading of ‘‘The Federalist Papers’’ reveals the cess to education, or representative govern- abroad. significant role the early Greeks played in the ment. Surrounded by the ruins of their noble On this day of independence and formation of our government. Thomas Jeffer- heritage, however, they never lost their identity strong bond with Greece, the Hellenic son called upon his studies of the Greek tradi- as a free people. On March 25, 1821, drawing and Philhellenic community remember tion of democracy when he drafted the Dec- inspiration from our own struggle for independ- that the future has much to offer: the laration of Independence, espousing the ideals ence, the revolution against the oppressive Olympics in Greece and New York; the of a government representative of and ac- Ottoman rule began. The revolution suc- efforts of the Hellenic Caucus to seek a countable to the people. Decades later, these ceeded, and a free, democratic nation was re- peaceful understanding with Turkey on ideas were a catalyst in the Greek uprising born. the issues of the Greek Islands and Cy- and successful independence movement Here in the United States we are blessed by prus occupation. against the Ottoman Empire—the event we the presence of many Greek-Americans. In On this day of Greek independence, celebrate today. San Francisco, the Greek-American commu- let us remember the words of Plato: On March 25, 1821, the Archbishop of nity is a vibrant part of our wonderful diversity. ‘‘Democracy is a charming form of gov- Patros blessed the Greek flag at the Aghia From the daily contributions of thousands of ernment, full of variety and disorder, Laura monastery, marking the proclamation of hardworking citizens to the leadership of and dispensing a kind of equality to Greek independence. It took 11 years for the former Mayors George Christopher and Art equals and unequals alike.’’ Greeks to finally defeat the Ottomans and gain Agnos, Greek-Americans have enriched San I ask the Members of the Congress to their true independence. After this long strug- Francisco and our nation. rise with me and pay tribute to the he- gle against an oppressive regime, Greece re- After enjoying the recent Winter Olympics in roes of 1821 and 2001. We will not forget turned to the democratic ideals that its ances- Salt Lake City, the world now turns its atten- you. tors had developed centuries before. tion to the 2004 summer games to be held in Zeto E Eleftheria. Se Ollo to Kosmo. Today, the United States’ relationship with Athens, Greece. The 108th anniversary of the Mr. GILLMAN. Madam Speaker, I am Greece is as strong as ever. Greece has been modern Olympics will be held where the pleased to rise in support of the celebration of our ardent supporter in every major inter- games were born some 3,000 years ago. The Greek independence, and I thank our col- national conflict of this century, and they play innovations of ancient Greece continue to light leagues, the gentleman from Florida, Mr. BILI- an important role in the North Atlantic Treaty our world, and modern Greece, our friend and RAKIS and the gentlelady from New York, Mrs. Organization and the European Union. Greece ally, continues to uphold its legacy. MALONEY, who have once again shown great It is my honor, as a member of the Con- leadership in their efforts to organize this spe- has also been a key participant in the United gressional Caucus on Hellenic Issues, to join cial order for Greek Independence Day. Nations peacekeeping force in Bosnia, pro- Since the people of Greece declared their viding troops and supplies. In turn, the United my colleagues in celebrating Greek Independ- independence on March 25, 1821, the people States has worked to attain a peaceful settle- ence Day. of the United States and Greece have enjoyed ment to the conflict in Cyprus, the island na- Mr. MCGOVERN. Madam Speaker, I am close relations, and generations of Greek im- tion that was brutally invaded by Turkey in proud to be able to participate in honoring 181 migrants have helped to strengthen and enrich 1974. years of Greek Freedom and Independence. I the relations between our two nations. How- Madam Speaker, I would thank our col- want to express my appreciation to Congress- ever, our mutual devotion to democratic ideals leagues, Mr. BILIRAKIS and Mrs. MALONEY, for man BILIRAKIS and Congresswoman MALONEY is rooted deep in history. Some 2,500 years organizing this Special Order, and I join all of for their leadership on Greece and Cyprus and ago, ancient Greek city-states helped to plant our House colleagues in recognizing Greek for keeping all Members informed and edu- the seeds of democratic thought among men. Independence Day. I salute the spirit of de- cated on Hellenic issues. The admiration that our Founding Fathers had mocracy and family that distinguish the Greek While there is much to celebrate this year for those very ideals are evident in our own people, as well as their courage in breaking about Greece—its strong and growing econ- Constitution, and in the letters our Founding the bonds of oppression 178 years ago. I look omy, its role in the European Union, and the Fathers exchanged with one another in chart- forward to many more years of cooperation preparations for the 2004 Summmer Olym- ing the course for American democracy. and friendship between our two nations. pics—I most want to mention the clear and Since the rebirth of a democratic Greece in Ms. PELOSI. Madam Speaker, I rise today unwavering support that Greece has given to 1974, a vibrant Greek democracy serves once to commemorate the 181st anniversary of the international campaign against terrorism. again as an inspiration to its neighbors and Greek Independence Day, and I thank my col- In his address to the U.N. General Assem- the world. Our two Nations continue to stand leagues, Mr. BILIRAKIS, and Mrs. MALONEY, for bly on November 13, 2001, Foreign Minister together as friends and allies in a region of the their leadership on Greek-American issues George Papandreou called for the abandon- world beset by strife and hardship. and for organizing today’s tribute. ment of rivalries and a new spirit of inter- Accordingly, I wish to thank the people of Greece has long held a special place in the national cooperation in a ‘‘common fight for Greece for their continued friendship, and I in- hearts and minds of Americans. From the ar- humanity’’ against terrorism. Mr. Papandreou vite my colleagues to join me in honoring the chitecture of this building to the design of our went on to describe a global community en- Nation of Greece on the 181st anniversary of government, we are indebted to the best ideas gaged in issues and programs that are very its independence. of the Greeks. They brought us a rational ex- near and dear to my own heart, calling on na- Mr. VISCLOSKY. Madam Speaker, I join my planation for the universe, provided the basis tions to reach beyond their borders to alleviate colleagues today to recognize the 181st anni- for Western medical science, and laid the disease and starvation, to oppose sex, reli- versary of Greek Independence Day. As the foundation of Western philosophy on which gious and racial discrimination, to protect the U.S. Representative of a region with over our country is built. As Thomas Jefferson ac- environment, to include the poor in the bene- 5,000 people of Greek descent, I know that knowledged, ‘‘to the ancient Greeks, we are fits of development, and to provide equal edu- this important event will be joyously celebrated indebted for the light which led ourselves out cational opportunities. throughout Northwest Indian. of Gothic darkness.’’ Greece has known the scourge of terrorism I would like to honor not only this important As the ancient state was an inspiration to and has long fought a battle against domestic day in Greek history, but the strong and the United States, the modern state of Greece and international terrorist groups. Now Greece unique relationship that exists today between is a trusted friend. From the first World War to is a full partner in the international war against the United States and Greece. The develop- the current struggle against terrorism, Greece terrorism. It has provided the United States ment of modern democracy has its roots in and the United States have fought side by the use of its airspace, air bases and naval fa- ancient Athens. The writings of Plato, Aristotle, side for the principles of liberty and self-deter- cilities on Crete, as well as intelligence sharing Cicero and others were the first to espouse mination the ancient Greeks set forth so elo- and investigation of suspect bank accounts the basic tends of a government of the people quently. A valued member of NATO, Greece that may be linked to terrorist activities world- and by the people. While these ideals were today is a thriving democracy that Aristotle wide. In addition, Greece has sent several C– not always followed in ancient Greece, these would recognize and of which he would be 130 planes with food and other needed sup- writings provided a roadmap for later govern- proud. plies for Afghan refugees, offered to send ments in their attempts to establish democracy But it almost wasn’t this way. For nearly 400 peacekeeping troops to Afghanistan, and is in their countries. years, the land that gave the world democracy working with the international community in The Founding Fathers of the United States lived under tyranny. Between 1453 and 1821, the development of post-conflict development were particularly influenced by the writings of as part of the Ottoman Empire, the Greek priorities for Afghanistan.

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 03:55 Mar 20, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\FM\K19MR7.103 pfrm04 PsN: H19PT1 H980 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 19, 2002 Greece has long been a crossroads for since given way to an incontestably stable, yet Community in celebrating their Day of Inde- many cultures. As such, we have much to colorful, democracy. pendence. learn from Greece about diversity, tolerance, Greece remains our critical strategic partner Mr. COYNE. Madam Speaker, I rise today democratic inclusion, and how to create a in today’s post-cold war world. We cooperate to join in this special order commemorating genuine multicultural society that honors its closely in promoting peace and stability in the Greek Independence Day. past and looks forward to the challenges of Balkans. Economic ties with Greece are vital At the time of the American Revolution, the future. to virtually every Balkan state. Athens has most of Greece was part of the Ottoman Em- I am proud to be able to honor Greece on been a firm supporter of inter-communal talks pire. At that time, Greece had been under 181 years of freedom and independence. in Cyprus, and it remains committed to a just, Ottoman rule for 400 years. Some Greeks Mr. LANTOS. Madam Speaker, as we ap- lasting, and democratic settlement of the Cy- held positions in the Ottoman government, proach Greek Independence Day, it is a great prus issue. And I’m sure everybody in this and Greek merchants throughout the empire honor for me to pay tribute ton one of the body applauds Greece’s historic and coura- were active and successful, but the Greek United States’ most important allies and one geous effort to resolve differences with its people were unwilling subjects of the Otto- which is held in such deep affection by mil- neighbor Turkey. mans. Greek Orthodox Christians were a reli- lions and millions of Americans. Madam Speaker, I congratulate the Greek gious minority within the empire, and were Western civilization as we know it today people on the 181st anniversary of their inde- subject to discrimination on that basis. More- owes the deepest debt and, indeed, its very pendence and I join my colleagues in thanking over, the Ottoman Empire had begun the long, origins, to the Greek nation. Greek philosophy, them for their vast contributions to world civili- slow period of decline that would end in its sculpture, and theater set standards to which zation and especially to our Nation. disintegration in the wake of World War I. The today’s practitioners still aspire. And, as the Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Madam Speaker, it is Ottoman government was becoming increas- cradle of democracy, Athens is the spiritual an honor today to join my colleagues, Rep- ingly characterized by corruption and violent ancestor of our own Republic. The history of resentatives BILIRAKIS and MALONEY in cele- oppression. Greek independence is one of the inspiring brating Greek Independence Day. In the late 1700s and early 1800s, the stories of our time. It is the tale of the revival Much like the ruins of ancient Greece, the Greek people developed a national identity. of an ancient and great people through sheer traditions and thoughts this society brought to Many Greeks began to come into greater con- commitment, sacrifice, and love of freedom the world are still standing. On this day which tact with Western Europeans, and through and heritage. Transmitted through the genera- marks Greece’s Independence, we celebrate these contacts they gained exposure to the tions, the ideals of the ancient Greeks inspired the spirit of liberty and self-determination as ideas of liberty and self-government that had their revolutionary descendants in the nine- manifested in 1821 when Greece began a 7 been developed in ancient Greece and revived teenth century, and great and gallant stalwarts year struggle against the Ottoman empire, in modern times by the French and American of the War of Independence such as Theodore which led to the restoration of democracy to revolutions. The development of a vision of an Kolokotronis and Rigas Velestinlis wrote of the land of Aristotle and Plato. independent Greek nation at that time was their belief in the rights of man. Madam Speaker, as the first Olympic flame due in no small part to the interaction of these The histories of the United States and ignited in ancient Greece spread the spirit of radical ideas with the increasing depredations Greece have been intimately intertwined ever sportsmanship and friendship around the of the Ottoman government. since the beginning of modern Greek sov- world for centuries to come, Greece gave the In March of 1821, Greek patriots rebelled ereignty. The cause of Greek independence world the tool with which to create a more just against the Ottomans. The rebellion lasted for evoked sympathy throughout the Western and peaceful society that continues to spread eight tumultuous years, but the Greek people world. Well known is Lord Byron, whose un- across the globe today—democracy. Hence, persevered in their uphill struggle. compromising commitment to Greece was as the Olympic flame makes its way back to The Greeks’ heroic struggle inspired support epitomized by his declaration ‘‘In for a penny, Athens in 2004, we celebrate today, that 181 from people in Western Europe and the United in for a pound.’’ Less renowned but no less years ago, democracy was returned to its States. Many people in these countries devel- committed were the many American birthplace continuing to make Greece a pillar oped an interest in Greek culture, architecture, Philhellenes, who repaid their debt to Greek of liberty and civility for the world to look onto. and history. Europeans and Americans identi- culture by crossing the ocean to fight for The tenants of rule of law, due process, and fied with the Greek people because of the an- Greek liberation. I am pleased that these civil liberties were philosophical notions in an- cient Greece’s legacy as the cradle of democ- American citizens were honored with a monu- cient society, which the modern world took, racy. A number of private citizens like Lord ment in Athens 2 years ago. developed and solidified in legal customs and Byron were so inspired by the Greeks’ fight for Greek citizens also crossed the ocean in the traditions creating a safer world for the op- freedom that they actually traveled to Greece other direction, emigrating to the United pressed. Artistotle spoke of democracy and and risked their lives to support this revolution. States, where they enjoyed great success and said, ‘‘If liberty and equality are chiefly to be Many of the people of Europe pressured their shared their prosperity with their kinfolk in their found in democracy, they will be best attained governments to intervene on the side of the original homeland. They have served as a when all persons alike share in the govern- Greeks, and as a result, in 1826 Great Britain bridge of understanding between our two na- ment to the utmost.’’ It is this legacy of de- and Russia agreed to work to secure Greek tions, and they have refreshed America with mocracy which our forefathers emulated for independence. France allied itself with these their spirit, their patriotism, and their hard our young republic in its founding days. states the following year. Foreign assistance work. Today, some five million Americans It is not surprising to see an ever stronger helped turn the tide, and in 1829 the Ottoman claim Greek ancestry, with understandable partnership between the United States and Empire signed a treaty recognizing Greece as pride. Greece in forging a commitment to democracy an autonomous state. Greece is one of less than a handful of na- and respect for every individual’s inherent right Madam Speaker, it is important that we rec- tions which has stood shoulder-to-shoulder to freedom around the world. Greece was a ognize the courage and heroism of these early with the United States in every major war of strong ally of this country during World War II Greek patriots, who fought and died for the the 20th century. Our close relations became and is a continual friend in NATO. Today, as same principles of freedom that inspired our even closer after World War II. The Truman the world once again joins together to fight ter- forefathers to rebel against Great Britain. I am Doctrine helped save Greece from com- ror and oppression, the country of Greece has pleased to join our country’s many Greek- munism, indeed helped save it for the Western made valuable contributions in terms of per- American citizens in observing this very spe- world, and the Marshall plan helped in its eco- sonnel and technical support for his global ef- cial day. nomic regeneration. In 1952, Greece joined fort. Mr. SWEENEY. Madam Speaker, I rise in NATO, formalizing the deep, mutual commit- Greece’s commitment to peace and stability support of celebrating March 25, 2002, as ment of Greece and the rest of the Western in the Aegean region can be further noted Greek Independence Day. The ancient Greeks world to protecting freedom. through the continual leadership it has dis- developed the concept of democracy, in which In more recent times, Greece has been one played in helping shepherd along the current the supreme power to govern was vested in of the world’s amazing success stories. A full- talks taking place in Cyprus. the people. The Founding Fathers of the fledged member of the European Union for Madam Speaker, the democratic heritage United States drew heavily on the political ex- two decades, Greece has become increasingly shared by the United States and Greece make perience and philosophy of ancient Greece in prosperous; it has whipped chronic inflation them formidable allies in the defense of de- forming our representative democracy. and qualified to join the ‘‘Euro currency zone.’’ mocracy around the world. It is with great joy Greece is one of only three nations in the Its once unsettled domestic politics has long that I stand here today and join the Greek world, beyond the former British Empire, that

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 03:55 Mar 20, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\FM\A19MR7.037 pfrm04 PsN: H19PT1 March 19, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H981 has been allied with the United States in every yoke of the Ottomans and declared the inde- of Greek independence. One hundred and major international conflict in the twentieth pendence of the Greek people from subjuga- eighty one years ago, after nearly 400 years century. Greece played a major role in the tion. At first, the Hellenic fighters met with vio- of oppression under the Ottoman Empire, the World War II struggle to protect freedom and lent failure, but their just cause ignited the courage and commitment to freedom of the democracy through such bravery as was imaginations of their people and of scores of Greek people prevailed in a revolution for shown in the historic Battle of Crete and in Western philhellenes, such as the English independence. It is an honor today to cele- Greece presenting the Axis land war with its poet Lord Byron, who left their homelands to brate Greek Independence Day in the House first major setback, which set off a chain of fight and die with the Greeks for their libera- of Representatives. events that significantly affected the outcome tion. Greece and the Greek people have made of World War II. The United States was never far from the remarkable contributions to the United States Greece and the United States are at the minds of the revolutionary Greeks, nor was and societies throughout the world. The forefront of the effort for freedom, democracy, the struggle of the Greeks unnoticed by Amer- achievements of Greek civilization in art, archi- peace, stability, and human rights. Those and icans. As Greek revolutionary commander tecture, science, philosophy, mathematics, and other ideals have forged a close bond be- Petros Mavromichalis, one of the founders of literature have become legacies for nations tween our two nations and their peoples. the modern Greek state, said to the citizens of across the globe. In addition, and most impor- March 25, 2001, marks the 180th anniver- the United States in 1821, ‘‘It is in your land tantly, the Greek commitment to freedom and sary of the beginning of the revolution that that liberty has fixed her abode and . . . in the birth of democracy remains an essential freed the Greek people from the Ottoman Em- imitating you, we shall imitate our ancestors contribution for which we as Americans are pire and it is proper and desirable to celebrate and be thought worthy of them if we succeed eternally grateful. with the Greek people and to reaffirm the in resembling you.’’ Greek civilization has inspired the American democratic principles from which our two great By 1833, the Greeks had secured independ- passion for truth, justice, and the rule of law nations were born. ence and with it a place in history as the first by the will of the people. The forefathers or Mr. HOLT. Madam Speaker, today I rise to of the subjugated peoples in Europe to over- our Nation recognized the spirit and idealism honor the Greek people and their successful throw their Ottoman masters. of ancient Greece when fighting for American struggle for independence from Ottoman occu- As the Greek nation developed and grew, it independence and drafting our Constitution. pation that began nearly 181 years ago. Greek emerged as a stalwart ally of the United Forty-five years after our own revolution for Independence Day has special symbolic reso- States. The Greek people fought alongside the independence, this tradition and commitment nance for Americans. Our forefathers founded American and Allied forces in both of the to freedom was carried forward by the Greek our democratic system of government on the world wars of the twentieth century. The people through their successful revolutionary principles of popular representation introduced Greeks again took up arms against their Otto- struggle for sovereignty. to this world by the ancient Athenians. man foes in the First World War and then Greek Americans can take pride today in Our word democracy is, in fact, of Greek handed the Axis powers their first defeat in the contributions of Greek culture and in their derivation and literally translates as people World War II when the Greek army pushed ancestors’ sacrifice. The effects of the vibrant (‘‘demo’’) rule (‘‘kratos’’). The ancient Greek back the forces of Mussolini. Soon after, how- Greek people can be witnessed throughout experiment with democracy, however, was a ever, they would suffer through a long and the United States in our government, culture, visionary aberration that was centuries ahead painful Nazi occupation. and economy, as well as in our commitment to After World War II, Greece became an in- of its time. Democracy did not last long in An- freedom and democracy throughout the world. strumental member of the NATO alliance. cient Greece as the fist of empires—Romans, We, as Americans, are grateful for these gifts. Greece’s strategic location made it a vital buff- Byzantine, and Ottoman—silenced democratic Madam Speaker, it is important for us to er between the Western Democratic world and yearnings for nearly two millennia. recognize and celebrate this day together with Soviet Communism. Although democracy temporarily dis- Greece to reaffirm our common democratic Over the last 30 years, Greece has made appeared, the Greeks continued to thrive and heritage. I am proud to join in this celebration major strides forward for its people. In 1974, prosper. As the Roman Empire expanded in Konstantine Karamanlis finally restored de- and offer my congratulations to Greece and the early centuries after the birth of Christ, the mocracy to Greece, bringing representative Greeks throughout the world on this very spe- Greek peoples dominated the eastern half of government back to its birthplace. Greece be- cial day. Mr. CROWLEY. Madam Speaker, it is with the Roman Empire, known as Byzantium, and came a member of the European Community great pleasure that I offer my congratulations it was in the Greek city of Constantinople and then the powerful European Union. where the Roman emperor Constantine con- Today, Greece continues to move in the to the Hellenic Republic on the 181st anniver- verted himself and the entire Roman Empire right direction thanks to the enlightened lead- sary of its independence from the Ottoman to Christianty. ership of Prime Minister Costas Simitis. He Empire. Upon the fall of Rome in 476 AD, the and Foreign Minister George Papandreou are Two and a half millennia ago, Greek phi- Greek-led Byzantine Empire emerged as a po- working with their Turkish counterparts to end losophers and politicians developed the demo- tent force in the world and the protectorate of generations of strained relations between Tur- cratic ideals that inspired our Founding Fa- Christian Orthodoxy. The Greeks remained key and Greece. Economically, Greece is thers and became the foundation for the strong and independent until the Central Asian prospering and recently became a member of American political system. Greek thinkers Ottomans crushed the Byzantine armies and the European Monetary Union. In 2004, made discoveries that for thousands of years conquered the spiritual capital of the Byzan- Greeks will display their successes to the helped advance the world’s knowledge of tine world at Constantinople in 1453. world when they host the Olympics, another science, medicine, mathematics, and astron- The victory of the Ottomans cast the Greek Greek invention, in Athens. omy. Greek drama and poetry became the speaking peoples into more than 400 years of Strategically, Greece remains important. It is model, in many ways, for much of Western lit- occupation. But even while under the yoke of a force of stability in the volatile Balkans erature. The list of Greek contributions to Ottoman rule, the Greeks were an impressive where it continues to promote open markets world culture is endless. force. As successful and educated merchants, and democracy. The Greek government is After freeing itself from foreign domination, they dominated the Ottoman middle class and also united with the United States in its war on including nearly 400 years under Ottoman rule were the backbone of the Ottoman economy. terrorism. Greece has sent a troop contingent and occupation by Nazi Germany, Greece is Still, the Greeks were not meant to be sub- to participate in the international force in Af- once again a fierce proponent of freedom and ject peoples and they began to oppose the im- ghanistan and has allowed U.S. aircraft use of democracy. It is a key NATO ally, a partner in perial policies of the Ottoman government. its airspace and its airbases. the war against terrorism, a critical contributor Greeks, many of whom were educated in the I cannot overstate the importance of strong to stability in the Balkans, and a participant in universities of the West, began to adopt revo- ties between Greece and the United States. the International Security Assistance Force lutionary ideas from France, Great Britain, and As an American citizen who believes firmly in that is working to bring peace and stability to the United States. The concept of the nation- the principles of democracy and as a rep- Afghanistan. Greek military observers and po- state, self-determination, and liberal democ- resentative of thousands of Greek-Americans lice serve in United Nations Peacekeeping racy found their ways into the Greek villages that live in Central New Jersey, I rise today in missions on the Iraq-Kuwait border, on the and cities from Athens to Constantinople. humble recognition of Greek Independence Ethiopia-Eritrea border, and in Bosnia, On March 25, 1821, Greek patriots from the Day. Kosovo, and the Republic of Georgia. The southern tip of the Peloponnese to the north- Mr. KNOLLENBERG. Madam Speaker, I democratic ideals of ancient Greece continue ern outskirts of Macedonia finally rebuked the rise today to celebrate the 181st anniversary to thrive in the Hellenic Republic today.

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 03:55 Mar 20, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00043 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\FM\A19MR7.041 pfrm04 PsN: H19PT1 H982 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 19, 2002 The 3 million Americans of Greek descent Today, the United States shares many com- cient Greece was the world’s first democracy. have made critical contributions to American mon threads with Greece, including commit- With modern Greece, it stands as an example business, culture, education, art, and politics ments to democracy, peace and human rights. to people around the world of overcoming tyr- and helped ensure the success of this great Greece has sent us her sons and daughters in anny. nation. past generations, helping us to build our proud Since its war of independence, Greece has Madam Speaker, my fellow colleagues, nation. We will not forget the fierce resistance been a strong ally to the United States. In please join in congratulating the Greek gov- with which Greece opposed the Axis powers turn, the U.S. has opened its heart to mul- ernment and our fellow Americans of Greek in World War Two, nor their equally staunch titudes of Greek immigrants. The contributions heritage as they celebrate the 181st anniver- resistance to the expansion of communism in of the Greek community in the United States sary of Greek independence. the war’s immediate aftermath. Greece has are immeasurable. Mr. ROTHMAN. Madam Speaker, I rise been one of our strongest allies ever since. The strong relationship between Greece and today to pay tribute to Greek Independence For nearly 5 decades now Greece has been a the United States is steeped in culture, history, Day. key NATO member, helping to stabilize its and philosophy and remains of critical impor- In this year following the horrific terrorist at- area of the Mediterranean. Since Greece and tance. Since September 11, Greece shared in tacks on our Nation, in which our democratic the United States share many interests and our loss—21 of its citizens died at the World society has been challenged like never before, many values, the celebration of the 181st An- Trade Center—and has stepped up its efforts it is important that we join together and honor niversary of Greek Independence gives us the to combat terrorism at home and abroad. the ideals that embody Greek Independence opportunity to call for an even closer collabo- Equally important is Greece’s membership in Day. On this 181st anniversary of the decision ration between both our countries. NATO, and its role in ensuring the security of by the Greek people to rise up against the Madam Speaker, I am pleased to have this Europe’s southern flank. Ottoman Empire and live freely, we celebrate opportunity to celebrate once again Greek cul- I remain committed to strengthening U.S.- democracy, a common bond that the United ture and to toast the Greek people. It is an Greek ties, and to working on issues of inter- States shares with Greece. honor to rise and commemorate the 181st est to the Greek American community, includ- For the thousands of Greek-Americans that Greek Independence Day. On this day we cel- ing a permanent solution in Cyprus. I represent, Greek Independence Day cele- ebrate more than just Greece’s independence, I thank my colleagues, Mr. BILIRAKIS, for or- brates the sacrifice made by their family mem- we celebrate Greece as a nation and as a ganizing this special order to highlight the im- bers, friends, and fellow countrymen. The de- friend. portant contributions of Greece to our country. cision by the Greeks to govern themselves Mr. MCNULTY. Madam Speaker, the Amer- Mr. PAYNE. Madam Speaker, I rise today, was a courageous action, and we honor the ican people join with the people of Greece in as a member of the Human Rights Sub- spirit of those who lost their lives in this quest celebrating the 181st Anniversary of the revo- committee, to join in commemorating the for freedom. This spirit will be on display for all lution that freed the Greek people from the 181st Anniversary of the revolution that freed the world to see when Athens hosts the Olym- Ottoman Empire. the Greek people from the Ottoman empire. pic Games in 2004. The bedrock of our close relationship with I congratulate Greece on celebrating its During this celebration of Greek Independ- Greece is our mutual devotion to freedom and 181st anniversary. The Greek people have ence, Congress memorializes the sacrifice of democracy and our unshakable determination much to be proud of. a generation of Greeks so that freedom and to fight, if need be, to protect these rights. As a senior member of the International Re- Greek philosophers and political leaders— independence could be secured for the Greek lations Committee, I have long been involved Cleisthenes and Pericles and their succes- people. America is involved in a similar strug- in, and have followed issues affecting the sors—had great influence upon America’s gle now. As we continue our struggle based Greek-American community. Founding Fathers in their creation of these on our love of democracy, freedom, rule of I am aware that Greece achieved its inde- United States. law, tolerance and justice, we draw strength We, as a nation, owe a great debt to pendence from the Ottoman Empire in 1829. and inspiration from the Greek people who Greece. Greece is the birthplace of democ- During the second half of the 19th century, shed blood and tears in their struggle for inde- racy, as we know it. and the first half of the 20th century, it gradu- pendence. Thomas Jefferson said, ‘‘To the ancient ally added neighboring islands and territories Today, we honor the just cause that the Greeks, we are all indebted for the light which with Greek-speaking populations. Greek people fought for in 1829, and I join my led ourselves (American colonists) out of Following the defeat of communist rebels in colleagues in recognition of this special anni- Gothic darkness.’’ 1949, Greece joined NATO in 1952. A military versary and the strong U.S.-Greece relation- The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 dictatorship, which in 1967 suspended many ship. were an attack on democracy and freedom— political liberties and forced the king to flee the Mr. ACKERMAN. Madam Speaker, I am not just against our people, but also against all country, lasted seven years. honored to rise today to salute the nation of freedom-living people everywhere in the world. Democratic elections in 1974 and a ref- Greece and celebrate the 181st anniversary of The Greek people understand this. erendum created a parliamentary republic, and Greek independence from the Ottoman Em- I congratulate the people of Greece and abolished the monarchy. pire. This great day in Greek history com- wish them a Happy National Birthday. Greece joined the European Community or memorates the successful struggle of the Mr. WOLF. Madam Speaker, I want to con- EC is 1981 (which became the EU in 1992). Greek people for national sovereignty. gratulate the Greek people on the 181st anni- I originally introduced a bill in March 2000, The Ancient Greeks forged the notion of de- versary of Greek independence from the Otto- calling for the return of the Parthenon Marbles mocracy, something for which the United man Empire. The thoughts and ideas ema- to their rightful home in Greece. States and the rest of the world will always be nating from the Greek Isles have had a pro- I am re-introducing that same bill tonight. thankful. Indeed, we owe Greece the inspira- found influence on the world. Ancient Greece’s Madam Speaker, I strongly urge my col- tion for our own democratic form of govern- embrace of democracy, contributions in philos- leagues to join me in congratulating the Greek ment. As Thomas Jefferson pointed out, ophy, spirit of athletic competition, and fierce people in their celebration of democracy. Once Greece is ‘‘the light which led ourselves out of adherence to freedom have shaped America again, congratulations on your 181st anniver- Gothic darkness’’. I think it is safe to say that in deep and significant ways. America would sary celebration! the Founders of both Greece and the United not be the country it is without the remarkable Mr. KIRK. Madam Speaker, I rise today to States would be proud of the tremendous influence of Greece. commemorate the 181st anniversary of the achievements of both nations. Again, I congratulate the Greek people on revolution that earned the independence of the Throughout the past 181 years, there have their country’s day of independence and hope Greek people from the Ottoman Empire. Near- been repeated challenges to the independ- for many, many years in which freedom and ly 400 years ago, after the fall of Constanti- ence of Greece, yet its people have stridently democracy reign throughout Greece. nople, Bishop Germanos of Patras raised the fought to maintain both their democracy and Ms. HARMAN. Madam Speaker, today, as Greek flag at Agia Lavras, sparking a powerful their independence. The United States and its Greece celebrates its 181st anniversary of its revolution against the Ottoman oppressors. people have been proud to stand by her and struggle for independence, I join my col- Following the triumphs of 1821, Greece con- provide strength, assistance and friendship to leagues in congratulating the people of tinued to prove itself as a loyal ally of the overcome those struggles. Greeks across the Greece and Greek-Americans, many of whom United States and an internationally recog- United States and throughout the world have I am proud to call constituents. nized advocate of democracy. Greece is one much to celebrate on this great day of inde- When we celebrate Greek Independence of only three nations in the world beyond pendence. Day, we celebrate the fight for freedom. An- those of the former British Empire to be allied

VerDate 11-MAY-2000 03:55 Mar 20, 2002 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 4634 Sfmt 9920 E:\CR\FM\A19MR7.045 pfrm04 PsN: H19PT1 March 19, 2002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H983 with the United States in every major inter- has poisoned the relations between Greece tors of Iranian society, including national conflict of the 20th century. In the Bal- and Turkey for so many years. youth, women, students, military per- kans, Greece has played a steady hand of de- I am concerned, however, that Turkey is sonnel and religious figures and that is mocracy in the face of regional unrest and in- once again not negotiating in good faith. Over pro-democratic, seeking freedom and stability. the years, I have become quite familiar with economic opportunity; Now, in the wake of September 11, Greece the Turkish side’s well-known negotiation tac- ‘‘Whereas, the Iranian people have in- again stands firm with the United States. Our tics. The Turkish side agrees to peace nego- creasingly expressed their frustration efforts in the war against terror would not be tiations on the Cyprus problem only for the at the slow pace of reform while still as successful without the continued assistance purpose of undermining them once they begin pursuing nonviolent change in their so- from our allies in Greece. Greece’s role as a and then blames the Greek Cypriots for their ciety; stable democracy and key NATO ally is critical failure. ‘‘Whereas, in four consecutive elec- as the international community fights against The time has come for Denktash to realize tions the Iranian people have opted for global terrorism. his demands for recognition of a separate nonviolent reform; On this special occasion, I commend and state are not acceptable. The framework has ‘‘Whereas, following the tragedies of thank the Greek people for their spirit and already been laid by the United Nations Secu- September 11, 2001, thousands of Ira- their ongoing pursuit of peace. To Greece, a rity Council’s Resolutions establishing a bi- nians filled the streets spontaneously free and democratic ally: ‘‘Cronia polla hellas’’. zonal, bicommunal federation with one single and in solidarity with the United Mr. PALLONE. Madam Speaker, on March international personality and one single citi- States and the victims of the terrorist 25th, Greece celebrates its 181st year of inde- zenship. attacks; and pendence. I am here tonight to praise a soci- Like their forefathers who were under the ‘‘Whereas, the people of Iran deserve ety that represents, in a historical sense, the control of a hostile foreign power for four cen- the support of the American people. origins of what we call Western culture, and, turies, the Cypriot people hold fast in defiance ‘‘Now, therefore, be it resolved by the in a contemporary sense, one of the staunch- of their Turkish aggressors with every con- House of Representatives, the Senate est defenders of Western society and values. fidence that they will again be a sovereign na- concurring, that the Congress of the There are many of us in Congress, on both tion. They will. And the United States will be United States expresses its heartfelt sides of the spectrum, who are staunchly com- by their side in both the fight to secure that gratitude and appreciation to the cou- mitted to preserving and strengthening the ties freedom and the celebration to mark the day rageous people of Iran for their brave between Greek and American people. I would when it finally arrives. expressions of support following the particularly like to thank the co-chairs of the I will continue to work with my colleagues September 11, 2001, attacks on the Hellenic Caucus, Congressman BILIRAKIS from here in Congress to ensure that the United United States; ‘‘Two, recognizes and supports the Florida, and Congresswoman MALONEY from States government remains on the right side people of Iran in their daily struggle New York for their fine leadership and their of this issue—because there is no gray area for democracy, reform, human rights, tireless efforts to strengthen the ties between when it comes to this conflict. our two countries. In closing I want to congratulate the Greek economic prosperity and the rule of Just two years after the Greek people people for 181 years of independence and law; ‘‘Three, makes a clear distinction be- began the revolution that would lead to their thank them for their contributions to American tween the peace-loving people of Iran, freedom, one of our predecessors in this life. endowed with a rich culture and his- Chamber, Massachusetts Congressman Dan- f tory and the unelected officials of Iran; iel Webster, referring to the 400 years during INTRODUCTION OF CONCURRENT and which the Greeks were ruled by the Ottoman RESOLUTION SUPPORTING THE ‘‘Four, urges the President of the Empire, observed, ‘‘These Greek people, a PEOPLE OF IRAN United States to: people of intelligence, ingenuity, refinement, ‘‘A, engage and support the people of The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a spirit, and enterprise, have been for centuries Iran in their legitimate aspiration for previous order of the House, the gen- under the atrocious and unparalleled Tartarian freedom and democracy; barbarism that ever opposed the human race.’’ tleman from Minnesota (Mr. GUT- ‘‘B, to continue to pursue areas of The words Congressman Webster chose KNECHT) is recognized for 5 minutes. common interest with the people of then to describe the Greek people—intel- Mr. GUTKNECHT. Madam Speaker, I Iran while taking an uncompromising ligence, ingenuity, refinement, spirit, and en- rise tonight to talk about a resolution stance on terrorism, weapons of mass terprise—are as apt today as they have ever which I have had drafted and will be in- destruction, and the human rights of been. troducing very shortly, and I hope my Iranian citizens; and In the years since, Americans and Greeks colleagues will join in supporting. I ‘‘C, to use available diplomatic have grown ever closer, bound by ties of stra- would like to read it tonight. It is a means to support the Iranian people’s tegic and military alliance, common values of resolution supporting the people of demand for an immediate release of all democracy, individual freedom, human rights, Iran: political prisoners and for the removal and close personal friendship. ‘‘Concurrent resolution, expressing of the ban on the freedom of the press.’’ The qualities exhibited by the nation of the sense of Congress in support of the Madam Speaker, I hope my col- Greece, Madam Speaker, are a reflection of people of Iran and their legitimate leagues will join me in supporting this the strong character and values of its indi- quest for freedom, economic oppor- important resolution. We need to send vidual citizens. The United States has been tunity, and friendship with the people a clear message that we stand with the greatly enriched as many sons and daughters of the United States. freedom-loving people of Iran. of Greece made a new life in America. They, ‘‘Whereas, the first day of spring, f and their children and grandchildren, have en- celebrated by millions worldwide as riched our country in countless ways, contrib- Nowruz, the Persian Iranian New Year, FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY uting to our cultural, professional, commercial, symbolizes renewal, birth and new be- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a academic, and political life. ginnings; previous order of the House, the gentle- The timeless values of Greek culture have ‘‘Whereas, the people of the United woman from Ohio (Ms. KAPTUR) is rec- endured for centuries, indeed for millennia. As States respect the Iranian people and ognized for 5 minutes. Daniel Webster noted, 400 years of control by value the contribution that Iran’s cul- Ms. KAPTUR. Madam Speaker, in the Ottoman Empire could not overcome the ture has made to the world civilization the memory of our former beloved col- Greek people’s determination to be free. But, over three millennia; league, Claude Pepper of Florida, who I regret to say, Madam Speaker, to this day, ‘‘Whereas, the United States recog- fought at our side in 1938 to preserve the Greek people must battle against oppres- nizes the legitimate aspiration of the the Social Security system, I rise this sion. For almost 27 years now, Greece has Iranian people for democratic, civil, evening to make my remarks. stood firm in its determination to bring freedom political and religious rights and the I want to talk about fiscal responsi- and independence to the illegally occupied na- rule of law; bility, responsibility to our Nation, re- tion of Cyprus. ‘‘Whereas there exists a broad-based sponsibility to the future, responsi- Given instability around the world, now is a movement and desire for political bility to our children, responsibility to good time to heal the wound in Cyprus that change in Iran that represents all sec- our senior citizens.

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