Corruption Risks in Criminal Process and Judiciary
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The Evolution of Corruption: from "Honest Graft" to Conflicts of Interest
T ONE The Evolution of Corruption: From "Honest Graft" to Conflicts of Interest Supposin' it's a new bridge they're going to build. I get tipped off and I buy as much property as I can that has to be taken for the approaches. I sell at my own price later on and drop some more money in the bank. Wouldn't you? It's just like lookin' ahead in Wall Street or in the coffee or cotton market It's honest graft and I'm lookin' for it every day of the year. George Washington Plunkitt, as quoted in William L. Riordon, Plunkitt ofTammany Hall To understand the evolution of the anticorruption project, it is necessary to begin with some observations about corruption itself. This chapter deals with four basic issues: the subjectivity of the definition of corruption, the increasing gap between expectations of official behavior and actual behav ior, the special politics of scandal and reform, and the difficulty of measur ing corruption. Defining Corruption Corruption is neither a single form of behavior nor an obvious species of conduct. 1 Corruption is the name we apply to some reciprocities by some people in some contexts at some times. The popular use of the term does not require that the conduct labeled corrupt be illegal; it is enough that the la beler thinks it is immoral or unethicaL Since people's views about moral and ethical conduct differ in important respects, corruption is often a contested ~. labeL Indeed, these days public servants are admonished not only to adhere to the skein of laws prohibiting a wide variety of conduct, but to avoid "the appearance of corruption." Such a warning recognizes that the term corrup tion refers to more than just positive law, but fails to recognize that appear ance of corruption is in the eyes of the beholder. -
The Anatomy of Official Corruption
VIII Congreso Internacional del CLAD sobre la Reforma del Estado y de la Administración Pública, Panamá, 28-31 Oct. 2003 The burden on our backs; corruption in Latin America Gerald E. Caiden University of Southern California Corruption has now become a popular subject in international circles. Not that it is new. Far from that, corruption has been with us since the dawn of government. But finally the world has decided that it has become too dysfunctional for global development for it to go unchallenged. Indeed, it has become so menacing that something has to be done about it. But are we taking about the same thing? Despite different words for it, there are common definitions and what is more there seems to be a remarkable degree of agreement in time and place. Ever since written records have survived, the same kinds of objectionable behavior have been identified, irrespective of language, religion, culture, ethnicity, governance, location, philosophy and social values. These have always been considered unworthy of individuals exercising power over others, epitomized in Lord Acton’s dictum that “Power corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely.” They have disappointed those over whom they have exercised their power. The Essence of Corruption The starting point in determining what constitutes corrupt practice is with the act itself, that specific form of behavior that is considered wrong and offensive. Those behaving in such a way must know that what they were doing was morally wrong, clearly out of line and unacceptable. They knowingly stole. They perjured themselves. They bribed or accepted bribes or passed on bribes or recorded bribes or disguised bribes. -
The Disappearance of Corruption and the New Path Forward in Campaign Finance
MAZO 1.24.15 - MAZO FINAL VERSION (DO NOT DELETE) 1/25/2015 2:01 AM THE DISAPPEARANCE OF CORRUPTION AND THE NEW PATH FORWARD IN CAMPAIGN FINANCE EUGENE D. MAZO Reformers cloak their plans for changing the campaign finance system in the language of corruption because of the Supreme Court. In Buckley v. Valeo, the 1976 case that put corruption at the center of campaign finance law, the Supreme Court held that the only acceptable justifications that could be used to impose limits on campaign contributions were the government’s interests in preventing “corruption and the appearance of corruption.” All other justifications would result in laws being struck down for violating the freedoms of the First Amendment. This article argues that the Court’s “corruption paradigm” has outlived its usefulness, however. It has been inconsistently applied, and it has led to more confusion than clarity. Because new legislation regulating campaign finance is likely to be struck down by the Court, Congress no longer has the stomach to regulate in this important area of the law. For this reason, the champions of campaign finance need to find a new path forward. One such path, proposed in this article, is to let Congress regulate campaign finance through its internal ethics rules. Copyright © 2014, Eugene D. Mazo. Visiting Assistant Professor of Law, Wake Forest University. B.A. Columbia; M.A. Harvard; Ph.D. Oxford; J.D., Stanford. I presented earlier versions of this work at the conference on “The Future of Campaign Finance Reform” at Duke University School of Law on February 7, 2014; at the Election Law Scholars’ Schmooze that took place at the National Convention of the American Constitution Society on June 19, 2014; and at a discussion group I had organized called “The Evolution of Campaign Finance Reform: From Buckley to Citizens United to McCutcheon v. -
The Price of Corruption Usha R
The Price of Corruption Usha R. Rodrigues According to the Supreme Court, politicians can’t be bought for less than $5200, the maximum campaign contribution an individual can give a single legislator. Consequently the Court struck down aggregate contribution limits on the theory that confining individual donations to that base limit provides an adequate safeguard against corruption. But the Court was wrong. Coupling data from actual campaign contributions from the last election cycle with social science research, this Article demonstrates that corruption likely occurs below the base limit threshold. In one case, a CEO made a first-time $1000 donation to a member of Congress. The next day that representative introduced a securities bill tailored to the interests of that CEO’s firm. The fact that the price of corruption is lower than commonly understood has fundamental repercussions for the Court’s current protection of money as speech. M.E. Kilpatrick Professor of Law, University of Georgia School of Law. I thank participants at workshops Fordham Law School and Zicklin Center for Business Ethics Research at Wharton. Stephen M. Bainbridge, Kent Barnett, William Baude, Vincent Blasi, Nathan Chapman, Dan T. Coenen, Jill Fisch, Michael Guttentag, Erica Hashimoto, Timothy Meyer, James Nelson, Daniel Ortiz, Lori Ringhand, Peter “Bo” Rutledge, and Yesha Yadav. Mistakes are my own. 45 46 Journal of Law & Politics [Vol.XXXI:45 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 47 I. THE STORY OF SECTION 12(G) 51 A. On the Hill 53 B. Lobbying and Campaign Contributions 56 II. DO THE SECONDMARKET EMPLOYEE DONATIONS QUALIFY AS CORRUPT UNDER MCCUTCHEON? 63 A. -
The Appearance and the Reality of Quid Pro Quo Corruption: an Empirical Investigation
THE APPEARANCE AND THE REALITY OF QUID PRO QUO CORRUPTION: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION Christopher Robertson*, D. Alex Winkelman**, Kelly Bergstrand** and Darren Modzelewski** ABSTRACT The Supreme Court says that campaign finance regulations are unconstitutional unless they target “quid pro quo” corruption or its appearance. To test those appearances, we fielded two studies. First, in a highly realistic simulation, three grand juries deliberated on charges that a campaign spender bribed a Congressperson. Second, 1271 representative online respondents considered whether to convict, with five variables manipulated ran- domly. In both studies, jurors found quid pro quo corruption for behaviors they believed to be common. This research suggests that Supreme Court decisions were wrongly decided, and that Congress and the states have greater authority to regulate campaign finance. Prosecutions for bribery raise serious problems for the First Amendment, due process, and separation of powers. Safe harbors may be a solution. * Associate Dean for Research and Innovation, Professor of Law, James E. Rogers College of Law, The University of Arizona, 1201 East Speedway, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA, E-mail: [email protected]. ** The Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics at Harvard University provided funding for this research. Kelly Bergstrand is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at the University of Texas at Arlington. She and the other authors were research associates at University of Arizona, where they recently graduated with advanced degrees. Robertson discloses that he has previously represented criminal defendants in public corruption cases. The authors thank Tom Mauet, Will Pew, Anthony Caldwell, and Robert Farquharson for serving as actors in the grand jury experiment; Kathy Pollard, for cooperation in recruiting participants; and Elizabeth Strange, John Evans, and Karen Wyss, for advising on grand jury procedure. -
Ukraine 120X205.Eps 2/03/12 16:32:31
9-Petit_Fute_Ukraine_120x205.eps 2/03/12 16:32:31 Voyagez sur LOT POLISH AIRLINES, la compagnie aérienne polonaise ! 4 villes desservies en Ukraine (Kiev, Lviv, Odessa, Donetsk via Varsovie) Informations et Réservations www.lot.com Tél : 0800 10 12 24 (Depuis la France métropolitaine) Et dans toutes les agence de voyages agréées. AUTEURS ET DIRECTEURS DES COLLECTIONS Dominique AUZIAS & Jean-Paul LABOURDETTE DIRECTEUR DES ÉDITIONS VOYAGE Ласкаво Stéphan SZEREMETA RESPONSABLES ÉDITORIAUX VOYAGE Patrick MARINGE et Morgane VESLIN просимо в ÉDITION ✆ 01 72 69 08 00 Julien BERNARD, Alice BIRON, Audrey BOURSET, Sophie CUCHEVAL, Caroline MICHELOT, Pierre-Yves SOUCHET, Jeff BUCHE, Україну ! Linda INGRACHEN et Pierrette KROMPHOLTZ ENQUÊTE ET RÉDACTION Federica VISANI, Benoît BOUET, Baptiste THARREAU, Bienvenue en Ukraine ! Carrefour d’influence, l’Ukraine ne Marie-Laëtitia GRIBINSKI-GARRIC peut se définir comme tout à fait occidentale ni orientale. et Marina ATTARHLIBI A la fois à la périphérie du monde slave et du monde STUDIO européen, ce pays charnière réunit en lui deux cultures, Sophie LECHERTIER et Romain AUDREN deux mentalités, deux langues : celles de l’Ukraine, MAQUETTE & MONTAGE concentrées dans l’ouest agricole, intellectuel et tourné Delphine PAGANO, Julie BORDES, Élodie CLAVIER, vers l’Europe, et celles de la Russie qui domine les régions Élodie CARY, Évelyne AMRI, Sandrine MECKING, Émilie PICARD, Laurie PILLOIS, orientales où se situe le complexe industriel du pays, et et Antoine JACQUIN la Crimée. Plus vaste pays d’Europe, elle offre un voyage CARTOGRAPHIE dans des régions et des cultures contrastées : montagnes, Philippe PARAIRE, Thomas TISSIER vastes plaines, mer bleue et villes envoûtantes. Tout PHOTOTHÈQUE ✆ 01 72 69 08 07 d’abord Kiev, dont le centre, jalonné d’églises et de Élodie SCHUCK, Sandrine LUCAS monastères, montre la ferveur de tout un peuple. -
Deregulating Corruption
Deregulating Corruption Ciara Torres-Spelliscy* The Roberts Supreme Court has, or to be more precise the five most conservative members of the Roberts Court have, spent the last twelve years branding and rebranding the meaning of the word “corruption” both in campaign finance cases and in certain white- collar criminal cases. Not only are the Roberts Court conservatives doing this over the strenuous objections of their more liberal colleagues, they are also breaking with the Rehn- quist Court’s more expansive definition of corruption. The actions of the Roberts Court in defining corruption to mean less and less have been a welcome development among dishon- est politicians. In criminal prosecutions, politicians convicted of honest services fraud and other crimes are all too eager to argue to courts that their convictions should be overturned in light of the Supreme Court’s lax definition of corruption. In some cases, jury convictions have been set aside for politicians who cite the Supreme Court’s latest campaign finance and white-collar crime cases, especially Citizens United v. FEC and McDonnell v. United States. This Article explores what the Supreme Court has done to rebrand corrup- tion, as well as how this impacts the criminal prosecutions of corrupt elected officials. This Article is the basis of a chapter of Professor Torres-Spelliscy’s second book, Political Brands, which will be published by Edward Elgar Publishing in late 2019. INTRODUCTION ................................................. 471 I. HOW AVERAGE VOTERS VIEW CORRUPTION . 474 II. HOW THE SUPREME COURT HAS CHANGED THE MEANING OF CORRUPTION IN CAMPAIGN FINANCE JURISPRUDENCE . 479 A. A Reasonable Take on Campaign Finance Reform from the Rehnquist Court ....................................... -
Conventional and Unconventional Corruption
Duquesne Law Review Volume 51 Number 2 Articles from the Current Article 2 Constitutional Issues in the Americas Seminar 2013 Conventional and Unconventional Corruption M. Patrick Yingling Follow this and additional works at: https://dsc.duq.edu/dlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation M. P. Yingling, Conventional and Unconventional Corruption, 51 Duq. L. Rev. 263 (2013). Available at: https://dsc.duq.edu/dlr/vol51/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Duquesne Scholarship Collection. It has been accepted for inclusion in Duquesne Law Review by an authorized editor of Duquesne Scholarship Collection. Conventional and Unconventional Corruption M. Patrick Yingling* I. DIFFERENT FORMS OF CORRUPTION .................... 266 A. Conventional Corruption ................. 266 B. Unconventional Corruption ....... ......... 267 II. SOLUTIONS FOR CONVENTIONAL AND UNCONVENTIONAL CORRUPTION ......... .......... 271 A. Solutions for Conventional Corruption............ 271 B. Solutions for Unconventional Corruption ....... 275 III. CORRUPTION IN THE UNITED STATES.......... ..... 277 A. Conventional Corruptionin the United States ................ ..... ...... 277 B. Unconventional Corruption in the United States........................... 282 1. The Framers'Definition of Corruption ........................... 282 2. The Effect of Money and Lobbying in Modern Campaigns .................. 284 3. The Effects of Unconventional Corruption: Troubles Unresolved............. 286 4. The Supreme Court on Corruptionand Campaign -
Comparative Political Corruption in the United States: the Lorf Ida Perspective Andrew Jonathon Wilson University of South Florida, [email protected]
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School January 2013 Comparative Political Corruption in the United States: The lorF ida Perspective Andrew Jonathon Wilson University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Political Science Commons, and the Public Policy Commons Scholar Commons Citation Wilson, Andrew Jonathon, "Comparative Political Corruption in the United States: The Florida Perspective" (2013). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4613 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Comparative Political Corruption in the United States: The Florida Perspective by Andrew J. Wilson A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Government and International Affairs College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Darrell Slider, Ph.D. Judithanne Scourfield McLauchlan, Ph.D. Janna Merrick, Ph.D. Date of Approval: March 5, 2013 Keywords: Anti-Corruption Measures, Campaign Finance, Florida Politics, Florida Government, Domestic Comparative Corruption Copyright © 2013, Andrew J. Wilson DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my family, and particularly to my late grandfather Newton A. Wilson. Without their love, guidance, and support I would not have been able to conceive of, let alone finish an undertaking of this magnitude. I also wish to thank my wife and best friend, Marissa, for her love and support not just throughout this program, but every academic undertaking leading up to this. -
Anti-Corruption Policy 2
FUCHS GROUP Anti-Corruption Policy 2 Content Preface 3 1. Goals and scope of this policy 4 2. What is corruption? 5 3. Consequences for employees and company 6 3.1 Consequences for employees 6 3.2 Consequences for the management of the company 6 3.3 Consequences for the company 6 4. The position of FUCHS PETROLUB 7 5. Standards of conduct for the prevention of corruption 8 5.1 Dealing with customers and suppliers 8 5.2 Presents and contributions for public officials 8 5.3 Presents and contributions in other business transactions 9 5.4 Using the services of representatives, consultants etc. 10 6. Chief Compliance Officer, whistleblower system and hotline 11 3 Preface Dear Employees, Compliance with the applicable laws and legal regulations is part of the corporate identity of FUCHS, which, last but not least, is also reflected in the FUCHS Code of Conduct. The prevention of and the fight against corruption are of particular significance since any breach of respective laws can lead to high fines, the obligation to pay damages and even criminal prosecution. Furthermore, it may considerably damage the public reputation of FUCHS. This policy explains the stan- dards regarding cooperation with business partners and authorities set out in section 3 of the Code of Conduct. It also contains rules to ensure compliance with the applicable anti-corruption laws con- cerning dealings with customers, public officials and other third parties. In connection with their business activities, FUCHS employees must, neither directly nor indirectly, offer, promise or confer an unjustified advantage in the form of money or other services, nor demand and accept nor make others promise such advantage. -
Target $10 Billion by 2010
EXIM BANK MAGAZINE FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES www.indocisbusiness.com BUSINESS NEWS MAGAZINE FOR INDO-AFRICAN REGION Jan-Mar 2006 Rs.100/- Entering a new phase in ties B2B:B2B: TargetTarget $10$10 billionbillion byby 20102010 NEW MEDIA connecting global business IssueIn This Distributed by: New Media Communication Pvt. Ltd. in association with Export-Import Bank of India Chairman: R.K. Prasad 06 Managing Editor: Satya Swaroop COVER STORY Director: B.K. Sinha Group Editor: Dev Varam B2B contacts vital to boost Indo-Russian Consulting Editors: Prabhuu Sinha, bilateral trade; 2010 target set at $10 billion Rajiv Tewari & Archana Sinha Giving a new depth Head-Busi. Dev. : Veerendra Bhargava Asst. Manager: Anand Kumar to strategic partnership Account Asst.: Vrunda Gurav Circulation: Jawaharlal 10 Art Director: Santosh Nawar ECONOMY Visualizers: Maya Vichare & Sagar Banawalikar Regional co-operation is the key, Photographer: Bilal Khan says Study Central Asian CIS members can BRANCHES: double incomes in 10 years Kolkata: Anurag Sinha, Branch Manager, A-7/1, Satyam Park, 2nd Lane, Near 3A Bus Stand, 14 Thakurpukur Kolkata- 700 104 REPORT Tel: 098300 15667, 033-24537708 Email:[email protected] Agri-food business, Ranchi: Dr. Shambhu Prasad, 22 Anjuman Plaza, a vast untapped avenue 2nd Floor, Main Road, Ranchi- 834001 in Indo-CIS trade: FICCI Tel: 0651-3095103, Telefax: 2246742 Pune: Geeta Khaladkar, Regional Head, Sahyog Apartments 508, Narayan Peth, Patrya Maruti Chowk 16 Pune 411 030. Telefax: 020 24454642 EVENT Email: [email protected] Displaying air defense system to Thiruvananthapuram: model mobile field hospital… Murugan, Branch Manager, TC-27/1749(3), PERA - 70, Vanchiyoor, Russia dominates Thiruvananthapuram DefExpo India 2006 Tel: 09447555222, 0471-5540888 Email: [email protected] 28 Australia Office: TOURISM Bandhana Kumari Prasad, 129 Camboon Road, Noranda, Perth, W.A. -
Verbindet! Gestaltet! Wirkt!
verbindet! gestaltet! wirkt! Weitere Informationen fi ndet Ihr unter: www.internationale-katholische-jugendarbeit.de GO EAST: UKRAINE Studienfahrt nach Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk und Kiew im Oktober 2016 verbindet! gestaltet! wirkt! Katholische Jugendsozialarbeit INHALT Vorwort 03 Über uns 04 Die Ukraine 06 Unser Programm 08 Projekte und Partner 10 Berichte 14 Deutsch-Ukrainisches Wiedersehen 31 Fördermöglichkeiten 34 Ein Jahr später – was ist geblieben? 39 Impressum 43 2 VORWORT Die Ukraine befi ndet sich in einem tiefgreifenden gesellschaftlichen Umbruch hin zu mehr Demokratie und Zivilgesellschaft. Dies geschieht unter starker Be- teiligung der jungen Generation und nicht ohne innere und äußere Spannun- gen. Der kriegerische Konfl ikt im Osten des Landes ist derzeit weitgehend aus unseren Schlagzeilen verschwunden, hält aber noch immer an. Bis heute gibt es allein ca. 1,5 Millionen Binnenfl üchtlinge im Land. Um einen persönlichen Eindruck von der Situation des Landes gewinnen zu können, sind wir im Oktober 2016 gemeinsam mit Multiplikatorinnen und Multiplikatoren der katholischen Jugendarbeit, Jugendsozialarbeit und Jugend- pastoral in die Ukraine gereist. Ziel war es, mit jungen Ukrainerinnen und Ukrainern ins Gespräch zu kommen und den Dialog zwischen Verantwortlichen der Jugendarbeit beider Länder zu stärken. Insgesamt acht Tage haben wir in der Ukraine verbracht und sind dabei von Lviv über Ivano-Frankivsk nach Kiew gereist. Im Laufe des Besuches haben wir zahlreiche jugendpolitische, pastorale und sozialcaritative Projekte der kirchli- chen Jugendarbeit besucht, Initiativen im Bereich jugendlicher Binnenfl üchtlin- ge, Jugendarbeitslosigkeit, Arbeitsmigration, zivilgesellschaftliches Engage- ment kennengelernt und Gespräche zur heutigen politischen, sozialen und kirchlichen Situation des Landes geführt. Heute, fast ein Jahr später, sind zahlreiche Eindrücke und Erinnerungen geblie- ben.