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References to Euripides in Hyginus 123 4.1 !No 125 4.2 Antiope 130 4.3 Conclusion 136

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References to Euripides in Hyginus 123 4.1 !No 125 4.2 Antiope 130 4.3 Conclusion 136 CENTRE FOR NEWFOUNDLAND STUDIES TOTAL OF 10 PAGES ONLY MAY BE XEROXED (Without Author's Pem1ission) National Library Bibliotheque nationale 1+1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisisitons et Bibliographic Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 0-612-93037-8 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 0-612-93037-8 The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant a Ia National Library of Canada to Bibliotheque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, preter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette these sous paper or electronic formats. Ia forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format electronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve Ia propriete du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protege cette these. thesis nor substantial extracts from it Ni Ia these ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes reproduced without the author's ou aturement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a Ia loi canadienne Privacy Act some supporting sur Ia protection de Ia vie privee, forms may have been removed quelques formulaires secondaires from this dissertation. ont ete enleves de ce manuscrit. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires in the document page count, aient inclus dans Ia pagination, their removal does not represent il n'y aura aucun contenu manquant. any loss of content from the dissertation. Canada EURIPIDES AND THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE FAB ULAE OFHYGINUS by George Adam Kovacs A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Classics Memorial University ofNewfoundland © June 2003 St. John's, Newfoundland Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Abstract 4 Abbreviations 5 List of Tables 6 Chapter 1: Introduction 7 I.1 Figures Named Hyginus 7 1.2 Date ofth e Fabulae 9 I.3 Manuscript Tradition and Textual Criticism IO I.4 Organization ofthe Fabulae II 1.5 Authorship ofthe Fabulae 19 I. 6 Relation to Euripides 2I I. 7 Arrangement and Methodology 23 Chapter 2: The Fabulae and Extant Euripides 26 2.I Cyclops 32 2.2 Rhesus 35 2.3 Ion 36 2.4 Helen 37 2.5 Suppliant Women 39 2.6 Electra 39 2. 7 Trojan Women and Hecuba 40 2.8 Heraclidae 44 2.9 Medea 47 2.I 0 Hippolytus 50 2.I1 Andromache 53 2.I2 Bacchae 56 2.13 Phoenician Women 57 2.14 Orestes 6I 2.I5 The Iphigenia Plays 62 2.1 6 Heracles 69 2 2.17 Alcestis 72 2.18 Conclusion 74 Chapter 3: The Fabulae and Non-Extant Euripides 76 3.1 Erechtheus 79 3.2 Telephus 82 3.3 Stheneboea and Bellerophon 86 3.4 Alexander 90 3.5 Palamedes 96 3.6 Philoctetes 98 3. 7 Phrixus A and B 101 3.8 Hypsipyle 106 3.9 Cresphontes 109 3.10 Melanippe Sophe and Desmotis 112 3.11 Phaethon 117 3.12 Conclusion 121 Chapter 4: References to Euripides in Hyginus 123 4.1 !no 125 4.2 Antiope 130 4.3 Conclusion 136 Chapter 5: Conclusion 137 5.1 Sources 13 7 5.2 Multiple Authorship ofth e Fabulae 139 5.3 Hyginus A 140 5.4 Hyginus B 142 5.5 Indices and Hyginus A and B 143 5.6 Conclusion and Summary 143 Bibliography 145 Editions and Commentaries 145 General Bibliography 145 3 Abstract This study will focus on the Fabulae, a mythographic collection of short entries dating to approximately the second century CE and attributed in the manuscript tradition to C. Iulius Hyginus. There are two questions that this thesis will attempt to answer. First is the question of authorship. The Fabulae are not, as previously believed, the product of a single author. Numerous instances of repeated content, contradictory entries and evidence of different levels of comprehension of the Greek language indicate that at least two authors penned the Fabulae. The second question is one of source and directly relates to the plays of Euripides. Did the author(s) of the Fabulae have access to the plays of Euripides? Direct access to the plays does not seem likely in the case of most Fabulae, but evidence exists that didascalic information was available to the author(s). We can then compare the Fabulae to the fragments and testimonia of the non-extant plays to determine if the F abulae constitute a useful tool in the reconstruction of lost tragedy. This is a process that must be carried out on an individual basis: some Fabulae appear to have drawn on non-extant tragedy, while others, as best as it can be determined, do not. 4 Abbreviations Cropp-Fick = Cropp, M.J. & Fick, G. 1985. Resolutions and Chronology in Euripides: The Fragmentary Tragedies. London. EGM= Gantz, T. 1993. Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources. Baltimore. SFP 1 =Collard, C., Cropp, M.J. & Lee, K.H., edd. 1995. Euripides: Selected . Fragmentary Plays, Volume 1. Warminster. TGFS = Diggle, J., ed. 1998. Tragicorum Graecorum: Fragmenta Selecta. Oxford. T&T= Reynolds, L.D., ed. 1983. Texts and Transmission. Oxford. Names of various figures appear in both their Greek and Latin forms, according to the source being discussed. For example, Heracles is used when discussing Euripides, but Hercules is used for the Fabulae. All passages of the Fabulae in Latin are from Marshall's Teubner text; passages in English are from Grant's The Myths ofHyginus. References to the Fabulae are given with Fabula and line number as found in Marshall. 5 List of Tables 1: Story Arcs and Themes in the Fabulae .. ............................................... 14 2: Indices not found in Fabulae 221-277 ......................... .. ........................ 15 3: The F abulae as suggested by Rose ................................................ ........ 18 4: Material Unique to the Fabulae ................................. ......................... .137 5: "Euripidean" Fabulae .......................... .. ................. ............................. 138 6 Chapter 1: Introduction The Fabulae are a collection of277 numbered short entries that together comprise a mythographic work. Aside from these entries, the manuscript also preserves an Index, listing the titles of each entry and numbering them in Roman numerals. 1 There is also a praefatio, which is only 87 lines in length. It is not narrative in form, but is rather a single long genealogy of the gods, which gives it the feeling of a cosmogony. Most of the Fabulae themselves are narrative in form, but not all. Roughly the last quarter of the Fabulae (221-277), and a number of others spread throughout the earlier fabulae, are in the form of lists. These generally group various figures of myth together according to a single characteristic or shared fate. These fabulae are known as the indices. 2 Our editio princeps bears the title C. Iulii Hygini Augusti Iiberti Fabularum fiber, ad omnium poetarum lectionem mire necessarius & antehac nunquam excusus. The work was referred to in antiquity as the Genealogia (Hermeneumata 56.27-57.4, seep. 9). 1.1 Figures Named Hyginus The third edition of the Oxford Classical Dictionary now lists four figures known as Hyginus. The second and fourth Hygini were once thought to be a single person, a surveyor known as Hyginus Gromaticus.3 However, evidence suggests that this Hyginus lived in the first century CE, while the only surviving work to be attributed to him dates 1 Manuscript F uses Arabic numerals. 2 Throughout, the italicized indices will refer to thesefabulae. The capitalized Index will referr to the list of contents that is preserved in the MS tradition. 3 The title is from the Latin groma, the name given to the long staff with a small crosspiece at one end that was the surveyor's trademark tool. 7 to the late second or third century.4 This work, given the title On Camp Fortifications in the early 16th century, is a dissertation on how to determine dimensions, lay fortifications and make other arrangements for preparing an army camp. The first figure listed in the OCD3 is one C. Iulius Hyginus. Suetonius (De Grammaticis, 20c) tells us that he was a Spaniard, and a freedman ofthe emperor Augustus. He was known to Ovid, and indeed addressed by him in one of his poems (Tristia, 3.14). He wrote on a variety of subjects, from agriculture to mythology, including one work entitled On Trojan Families, and another On the Qualities ofthe Gods. He was perhaps best known to ancient scholars for a commentary on Virgil. Several fragments and titles survive, mostly from Servius, Aulus Gellius and Macrobius.5 Our Hyginus, supposed author of the Fabulae and the Astronomica,6 is none of the above figures. In the case ofboth works, the authorship is attributed to a Hyginus because that is what is found in the manuscripts, though some scholars are still prepared to take this at face value.7 It is not uncommon for certain names to become common pseudonyms for unknown writers and this may be what is happening here: "Le nom d'Hyginus pourrait s'etre generalize pour designer un auteur de recueils mythologiques et recouvrir ainsi les noms d'erudits verses en cette matiere."8 The Library of Apollodorus is now known to be a similar case: it has picked up the name of Apollodorus for its author, even though Apollodorus the Athenian and the Library itself could not have been 4 Lenoir (I 979) viii. See Gemoll (I 877) for the dating of the various fragments of Hyginus Gromaticus, found in Frontinus, Siculus Flaccus and Iunius Nipsus.
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