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POPULATION MOBILITY MAPPING HURUNGWE DISTRICT, CHIRUNDU Poe, ZIMBABWE NOVEMBER 2020

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POPULATION MOBILITY MAPPING HURUNGWE DISTRICT, CHIRUNDU Poe, ZIMBABWE NOVEMBER 2020 POPULATION MOBILITY MAPPING HURUNGWE DISTRICT, CHIRUNDU PoE, ZIMBABWE NOVEMBER 2020 INTRODUCTION The spread of COVID-19 around the world Saharan Africa’s busiest ports of entries and continues to threaten the full reopening of exits, linking the north and south corridor, with borders and regular migration pathways. As of hundreds of commercial trucks passing through 29 November, the total numbers of cases the border posts every day. Day traders from confirmed in Africa are 1,494,524, including Zambia gather in Chirundu to exchange goods 33,512 deaths, with 9,950 cases and 276 deaths such as agricultural products, vegetables, and in Zimbabwe alone. As part of the response to second-hand clothes. The livelihoods of people the COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe, the in Chirundu depend on trade in markets and Ministry of Health in collaboration with its cross border trade. technical partners strengthened activities for the preparedness and response of COVID-19. This report presents the findings and results of To support these activities, the International the population mobility mapping (PMM) of Organization for Migration (IOM) is working Zimbabwe’s Northern region in the city of closely with the local government of Zimbabwe, Chirundu in Hurungwe province on 25 and 26 Ministry of Health, and the Immigration November 2020. Department to support the government of Zimbabwe and other key partners with regards to understanding migration flows, as well as to APPROACH respond to the outbreak in a way that is The aim of the Population Mobility Mapping in sensitive to current and emerging migration and Chirundu was to complement the Government mobility realities in multiple regions in of Zimbabwe’s National Preparedness and Zimbabwe. Response plan for COVID-19 by providing the Government, communities, and humanitarian As part of the East Horn African route, partners with information on population Hurungwe district’s Chirundu border post mobility and cross-border movements. More holds a particular significance for a greater broadly, it aimed to enhance prevention, understanding of mobility trends and migration detection, and response to the spread of practices, due to its strategic position of being infectious diseases through an improved the main point of access by road to Zambia understanding of prevailing human mobility which relies heavily on the continued and patterns in Zimbabwe and Chirundu Border uninterrupted transport of freight and persons districts. for a range of essential goods and services. Chirundu is the border post in Zimbabwe on The specific objectives of this exercise were to: the border with Zambia, in Mashonaland West • Identify the points of entry and congregation province. Located on the banks of the Zambezi areas within Hurungwe and at its borders with river, Chirundu is the second busiest border neighboring countries. post in Zimbabwe and is also among sub- Market in Chirundu © IOM 2021 • Based on estimations on volume of flows and other criteria, provide a list of specific points of entry and congregation areas that are prioritized for public health interventions in times of public health emergency. • Recommend immediate public health interventions for the identified prioritized congregation areas and ports of entry. • Assess the feasibility of implementing Flow Monitoring and Bus station in Chirundu © IOM 2021 recommend locations of Flow Monitoring Points for the purpose of disease surveillance, interventions strengthening health system along mobility mobility. Flow monitoring aims to derive corridors and provide information on cross quantitative estimates of the flow of individuals border mobility trends to support through specific locations and to collect Government’s evidence-based migration policy information about the profiles, intentions and development. needs of the people on the move. The mapping exercise was based on their understanding of Participatory mapping is a tool that collects the nearby region countries such as Zambia, information from key informants through a DRC and South Africa and local population group discussion. This tool is based on IOM’s movement dynamics in the country. Participants Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) and represented the formal and informal, health and IOM’s past experience in Population Mobility non-health sectors, including local authorities, mapping. Key informants are identified by the community leaders. Government of Zimbabwe and IOM based on their knowledge of the community, population The exercise began with a presentation by the mobility and public health at local, regional and Ministry of Health on the state of the epidemic other levels, and come with a strong and the actions taken in the region. Following multisectoral working knowledge able to an overview of Flow Monitoring (FM), data represent various diverse stakeholders. collection, target areas, and risk of communication emphasizing transmission of For this exercise, key stakeholders were COVID 19 and other health related issues, key selected from the district and local councilors informants were then encouraged to relate the who oversee the community and are information shared with situations in their daily responsible for day-to-day operations in the lives and contribute their knowledge of their community. Local councilors also assisted in communities by identifying and locating points mapping Points of Entry (PoEs) in Chirundu of entry (PoE), axes of mobility (routes) and which help in tracking irregular and regular points of congregation on maps, to identify migrants. Stakeholders from government also places where travellers could interact with participated in the one-day workshop to ensure other travellers and/or the local community. that Flow Monitoring Points (FMPs) are selected based with their experience in dealing with Among the key points, participants selected migrants and flow of people. Population Mobility priority sites for the implementation of public Mapping (PMM) aims to inform public health health measures and population mobility interventions through the analysis of the patterns and dynamics were then characterized. dynamics and characteristics of population The exercise was followed by an assessment of prioritized sites in the field with the following Characteristics of population mobility objectives: (migration routes) The contributions from the PME identified 1) Collect GPS coordinates of the sites various mobility routes and patterns in the identified during the exercise to develop the District based on the main places of origin of final map. the population travelling in, within and out of 2) Verify the information collected during the the district. Chirundu is an important transit exercise and make direct observations on point for long distance travelers and trucks, site. daily traders, commerce which include regular 3) Collect any additional information for the and irregular cross border movements introduction of FMPs. connecting people from different countries such as South Africa, Zambia, DRC, Burundi, Uganda, Malawi, Tanzania, Swaziland, Somalia, Lesotho, FINDINGS Mozambique and Ethiopia. The findings are based on the contributions of 15 participants from the Zimbabwe Revenue Characteristics of population mobility Authority (ZIMRA), Ministry of Public Service, (migration routes) Labour and Social Welfare, Ministry of Health, The contributions from the PME identified District Development coordinator (DDC), ZRP various mobility routes and patterns in the (Zimbabwe Republic Police) and local District based on the main places of origin of authorities. Congregation points and mobility the population travelling in, within and out of routes which connect Chirundu to other towns the district. Chirundu is an important transit were named during the mapping exercise. Local point for long distance travelers and trucks, congregation points were selected by daily traders, commerce which include regular stakeholders. and irregular cross border movements connecting people from different countries such A total of 5 key points were selected and listed as South Africa, Zambia, DRC, Burundi, Uganda, starting with highest mobility point of interest Malawi, Tanzania, Swaziland, Somalia, Lesotho, to the lowest mobility area. PoE, truck stop, bus Mozambique and Ethiopia. station, marketplace and the shops were the high mobility points selected in Chirundu. Regional Mobility routes Information collected was then confirmed with The first theme identified routes of mobility and the maximum number of field verification visits mobility patterns observed in the Chirundu possible following the participatory mapping district. The information gathered from the key exercise (PME), for the key sites along axes of information during the exercise include the main mobility based on the estimated number of axes of mobility, the characteristics of this travellers and persons congregating. mobility and the main origin and destination of travellers. Axes of mobility For trucks traveling along this axe, from One main mobility route traversing Chirundu Zimbabwe to South Africa, Mozambique or was identified during the exercise: Botswana, they will stop and congregate for a variety of reasons including rest, sleep, meals Route A1 and for administrative reasons. A truck driver The main route connects Zambia and will take two days to travel from Chirundu all Zimbabwe through the Chirundu official Border the way to South Africa, meaning there are post. This route includes commercial vehicles, many sites for stoppage and
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