The Space Congress® Proceedings 2004 (41st) Space Congress Proceedings
Apr 27th, 8:00 AM
Panel Session III - Astronomical Search for Origins Program
Eric P. Smith Origins Theme Scientist, James Webb Space Telescope Program Scientist
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Scholarly Commons Citation Smith, Eric P., "Panel Session III - Astronomical Search for Origins Program" (2004). The Space Congress® Proceedings. 11. https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings/proceedings-2004-41st/april-27/11
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Eric P. Smith Origins Theme Scientist, James Webb Space Telescope Program Scientist
27-April-2004 41 st Space Congress
28 Origins Program Missions
Kep ler
KECK
Long Baseline Starlight Nulling Arrays
Large UV/.Opticaj
•Space Interferometry TPF SAFIR • Starlight -Nulling ·Large Cold Optics · ColdOpHcs · JR Focal Planes • IRFocalPlanes -·Large Deployable Op cs l·P assive Cooling JWST
· Passive Cooling
SOFIA
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JWST Overview
• Mission (Part of NASA's Astronomical Search for Origins theme) - Detect light from the first objects in the universe •- Study of the birth and evolution of galaxies - Understand star and planet formation • Description - Sensitive (large and cold) infrared (0.6-28µm) space observatory - Orbit at Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 2 (L2 - about 1.5 million km from Earth) - Launch in 2011 - 5 year lifetime (10 year goal) - -$38 total value: • -$2.58 U.S. (-$1.98 development+ -$0.68 ops)+ -$0.48 equivalent value from ESA + -$0.18 equivalent value from CSA [nearest $0.18] • Organization - Project Lead: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center - International collaboration w/ European and Canadian Space Agencies (ESA & CSA) - Prime Contractor: Northrop Grumman Space Technology - Other mission hardware & software: University of Arizona, JPL, STScl •Status - Preliminary Design (Formulation/Phase 8) 27-April-2004 41st Space Congress LO
JWST Observatory JWST Animation
27-April-2004 4 lst Space Congress 12
29 • Radial Velocity Planet Detection
HD209458 150 too - Qi' ~ 50 / ·" £... i. ..£ 0 f ~ / ..,50 /l -100
0.0 6.5 1.0 .OrlJillJ/ Ptim;e
27-April-2004 4Jst Space Congress 13 27-April-2004 41st Space Congress 14
Transits Reveal Planet Origins Program Missions
Kepler • Transits of a planet orbiting HD 209458 KECK determine properties of another Solar System - Previously known from radial velocity ·Space - Inclination= 87.1° Interferometry TPF SAFIR ·Starlight Mass= 0.63 Mjup -Nulling · Large Cold Optics lics ·IR Focal Planes =1.27-1.6 Rjup Spitzer ·ColdOp - Radius · IR FocalPlanes ·Large Deployable Op cs Density= 0.27-0.38 g/cc l• Passive Cooling The l/t?V <17' ' Mission The [/~71'] Jor· . Mission 1\ J '.\c.f.., t-D p.c 1 I Use transit photometry to detect Earth-size planets • Wide field-of-view 0.95-meter (3-foot) diameter telescope • Monitor 100,000 stars (every 15 minutes) for 4 years • Enough precision (20 ppm) to detect transits of Earth-size planets • Launches 2007 Pri!flary Mrrror I Focal Plane Array 27-April-2004 41 st Space Congress 17 27-April-2004 4 1st Space Congress 18 30 Origins Program Missions Kepler •KECK ...,,_'"'~ ... ~"""~" ii •Nulling Large UV/Oplicaj ·Synthetic Imaging TPF SAFIRIla ·Large Cold Optics •ColdOptics ·IRFocalPJanes ·IRFocatPlanes ·La1"9eDeployableOp cs l·Passive Cooling JWST ______o_ b_s_e_r_v_a_to_r_i e_ s ______,;~ ~~~~~~;~ -: ~!!~ ~ : ~~~:~: Astrometric Search for Planets Origins Program Missions • Measure star's positional Kepler wobble KECK Complements radial velocity ~~----~~~~~·~LongBaselineSlar1ightNullingArrays - Most sensitive to massive Large UV/Opticaj planets far from their stars • Space Interferometry ·Space Mission will be able to detect TPF SAFIRD ~ry tiny, tiny stellar wobble due to ·Starlight LBTI Nulling ·Large Cold Optics ·lR Focal Planes Earth-mass planets around Spitzer ·Cold Optics • IRFocalPlanes ·Large Deployable Op cs nearby stars ·Passive Cooling - Measures positions of stars ! JWST with precision equivalent to the size of an amoeba in California as seen from Washington, DC!! Sun's wobble seen from SOFIA 33 light-years away 27-Apri l-2004 41 st Space Congress 21 , The Habitable Zone* for Various Types of Stars s. 10 Continuousiy ;f H•bHable Zone E l! •• ••· Solac S)"tem 0.1 l....-J-L.L.LU.IL.--'--L.L.LLUL-->-LJ...LJ.U"--.._,_.1..1.LWl--L.....u..LLWI 0.001 0.01 0.1 10 100 Stellar Radii and Planetary Orbital Semi-Major Axis (A.U,) *The Habitable Zone is the range of distances from a star at which water can remain liquid on the surface of an orbiting planet 27-April-2004 41st Space Congress 24 7/9l 31 Atmospheric Composit ion of an Early • Simulated TPF Spectmm of an Earth-like Planet Earth-like World Harboring Life? Main Constituents C0 2, N 2, H 20 Secondary Constituents CO, H2, H2S, CH4 9 10 11: 12 13 14 15 1S Trace Constituents Wavelength ( µm) Organo-sulfur compounds, hydrocarbons, other reduced gases 26 27-April-2004 4 1s t Space Congress 25 27-April-2004 4 Isl Space Congress Origins Science in the New Vision How do Origins Mi ssions Align with the Vi sion? Implement a sustained and affordable human and roboti c program to explore the solar system and beyond Conduct advanced telescope searches for Earth-like I Investigations I planets and habitable environments around other stars Mission Status HST Operational 11,23 What are the properties of giants orbitiog orl1er stars? Keck Interf. C/D 11,12 lfo)'I common ate terrestrial plane.ts? What are their properties and wlticb of tbem m ight be habitable? LBTI C/D 11,12 lS there life on planets owside the solar system·? Kepler 4 1s t Space Congress 28 27-April-2004 4 1s t Space Congress 27 27-April-2004 Changes to Mi ssions in Why Fly a TPF Coronagraph response t o the Vi sion and an I nterferometer? • Respond to presidents vision - " ... conduct advanced telescope •searches for Earth-like planets and habitable en vironments around JWST: project considering white paper other stars." • • The technology appears to be maturing for both study by astrobiologists outlining • Fl y sooner -- A small to moderate sized coronograph in ~2014 - Starlight suppression technology must be fully demonstrated first (by observatory capabilities for optimal 2006) astrobiology science return - Enter phase A in 2007 • More capable, iater --- Formation flying interferometer done jointly • TPF: Split TPF program into two with ESA later towards end of decade - Continue technology development during coronagraph formulation and components, coronographic and implementation interferometric observatories and - Collaboration with ESA on SMART3 (~2011) - Enter Phase A in ~ 2011 accelerate development on coronographic • Most compelling science --- Data from both wavelength regions . provide robust assessment of habitability and biomarkers option • Doing both within ORIGINS line requires no near t erm augmentation 41st Space Congress 30 27-April-2004 4 1st Space Congress 29 27-April-2004 32 33