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The American Philosophical Society Library from 1942 to 1952 with a Survey of Its Historical Background Author(S): William E The American Philosophical Society Library from 1942 to 1952 with a Survey of Its Historical Background Author(s): William E. Lingelbach Source: Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 97, No. 5 (Oct. 30, 1953), pp. 471-492 Published by: American Philosophical Society Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3149265 Accessed: 30-08-2018 19:03 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3149265?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms American Philosophical Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society This content downloaded from 65.213.241.226 on Thu, 30 Aug 2018 19:03:04 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY LIBRARY FROM 1942 TO 1952 WITH A SURVEY OF ITS HISTORICAL BACKGROUND WILLIAM E. LINGELBACH Librarian, American Philosophical Society; Professor Emeritus of Modern European History, University of Pennsylvania PART I spirit of inquiry and search for knowledge so char- acteristic of the eighteenth century. EARLY HISTORY OF THE LIBRARY In the spirit of the Renaissance and the tradition of Copernicus and Galileo, men eagerly espoused THE story of the activities of any institution, the Newtonian approach to the physical world. like the Library of the American Philosophical They turned to the study of nature and of man. Society, even for one short decade, if it is to be at Science and experimental philosophy became the all adequate, must be projected against the back- vogue among the intellectuals of every country, ground of its history. To do so in detail, how- even though they continued to give lip service to ever, would lead too far afield. Reference is all branches of knowledge-Bacon's "House of therefore made to the "Brief History" in the Year Solomon." Only giants like Alexander von Hum- Book, and to "The Library of the American Phil- boldt (cf. Cosmnos) could still venture to treat all osophical Society," by the Chairman, in The Wil- fields of knowledge. In recognition of this. sci- liam and Mary Quarterly for January 1946.1 entists and scholars organized societies and acad- Only the more significant features of the story, emies, pooling their ideas and discoveries through such as are essential to a correct understanding of correspondence and the exchange of publications. the developments in the decade just past, are noted Moreover, in the search for the laws of the uni- here. verse and of man, as the eighteenth century en- The Library of the American Philosophical visaged them, they developed a strong belief not Society had its beginnings in colonial days, and, only in the unity of science and learning. hut also as the Library of the oldest scientific and learned in their universal, rather than their national char- society of the country, it has shared the fortunes acter. Scientists were citizens of the world, and and vicissitudes of that Society over a period of their desire to share ideas and discoveries was more than two hundred years. It is the product equalled only by their faith in the dynamic power therefore not of a great collector or Maecenas, but of ideas when applied to the practical affairs of of the interest and devotion of the officers and life. It was to this intellectual atmosphere, this members-scientists and scholars-of a great So- search for knowledge by men singly and collec- ciety, united, says the Charter, "for promoting tively, that the Library of the American Philo- useful knowledge." sophical Society owed its inception and many of Not until the early thirties of the present century its early holdings. did the Library obtain some degree of the financial strength so marvelously utilized in the promotion FRANKLIN, FOUNDER AND PATRON of scholarship by the great specialized libraries like the Henry E. Huntington, the John Carter Great institutions do not, however, arise and Brown, the William L. Clements, and others. grow without the initiative and efforts of some in- But if large private endowments were not the dividual or group of individuals. The Library of fashion in the Age of Enlightenment, an intense the American Philosophical Society points with interest in science and learning was paramount, pride to that great printer, reader, and lover of and the American Philosophical Society, like the books, Benjamin Franklin, as its founder. In Library itself, is today a living memorial to the 1727 he organized the Junto among a group of friends for study and discussion. A modest num- 1 Edwin G. Conklin, A brief history of the American ber of books was gradually assembled, and this Philosophical Society, Yr. Bk. Amer. Philos. Soc. for early interest in a library was continued in the 1946 and subsequent years. William E. Lingelbach, The Library of the American Philosophical Society, Win. & American Philosophical Society of 1743, which Mary Quiart., ser. 3, 3: 48-69, 1946. joined with the American Society in 1769 to PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, VOL. 97, NO. 5, OCTOBER, 1953 471 This content downloaded from 65.213.241.226 on Thu, 30 Aug 2018 19:03:04 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms 472 WILLIAM E. LINGELBACH [PROC. AMER. PHIL. SOC. form The American Philosophical Society held at entific and scholarly library which is in striking Philadelphia for Promoting Useful Knowledge. contrast with that of the subscription library The agreement of union provided "That the Books, of the Philadelphia Library Company (1731). & all the Curiosities &c. of the former Societies be While Franklin's enterprise and initiative were deposited in the Cabinet or elsewhere as the United largely responsible for both, his contribution to Society shall direct." To the Founders, the Li- the Library of the Society clearly reveals the sci- brary-a "collection of books"-and the exchange entific objectives he had in mind for the latter. of publications were essentials in the promotion His great reputation and personal efforts largely of knowledge. account for the remarkable sets of serial publica- Although absent in England at the time of the tions by foreign academies and societies, which union of the two societies, in both of which he was are today a conspicuous feature of our Library. a prominent member, Franklin was at once elected Another characteristic of the accessions in these president of the Society, and thereafter succes- years is the predominance of works on natural sively till his death in 1790. During all this time, history and science. This is strikingly illustrated he not only procured many books for the Library, in a minute of the Meeting of December 17, 1774, but zealously promoted the exchange of the So- referring to a letter from Franklin, and the re- ciety's Transuictions, the first volume of which was ceipt of the following books: published in 1771, for those of the academies and 1st The Compt of Buffons Natural History of Birds, learned societies of Europe. This appears re- with Coloured Plates from the Author-4 Vol. folio peatedly in the early records of the Society. A 2nd Three Volumes of the Transactions of the Royal minute of the Meeting of May 15, 1772, for ex- Society of London, from the said Society-4to- ample, speaks of twenty-seven copies sent to 3rd Novi Commentarii societatis scientiarum got- Franklin. Of these eighteen were for distribu- tingensis tomi III-4to - tion among "learned Bodies" in seven different 4th Observations sur la physique sur l'histoire natu- countries, and "9 Copies for Dr. Franklin," doubt- relle-et sur les arts &c par l'Abbe Rozier-2 Vol. less for personal distribution (fig. 1). from the Author-4to- 5th Nouveaux memoires de I'academie Royale de sciences et belles lettres, Annee 1770-Berlin-4to 6th Astronomical Observations made at the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, in the years, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1768, & 1769, by the Revd Nevil Maskelyne B.D, from the author-folio- 7tlh A new Atlas of the Mundane system or Geog- raphy & Cosmography, by Samnl Dunn from the Au- thor-folio- 8th Opuscules physiques et chemiques, par M. La- a"'V-=~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. N N voisier, de l'academie royale des sciences-8vo from the Author, with a letter to the Society- 9th An Account of the Northern Archipelago lately discovered by the Russians in the Seas of Kamsckatka & Anadir, by I Von Stxehlin-from Dr. Franklin 8vo-- 10th Experimental enquiries into the lymphatic sys- tem by Wm. Hewson, F. R. S. from his Widow-8vo 11th Of the electric property of the Torpedo in a letter from John Walsh Esqre. to Dr. Franklin-a pamphlet 4to from Dr. Franklin- 12th A Discourse on the different kinds of air, by Sir John Pringle Bart, from the author-a pamphlet -4to 13th Precis de recherches faites en france depuis I'annee 1730, pour la determination des longitudes en FIG. 1. mer pour la mesure artificielle du tems, par M. le Roy, from author-a pamphlet 4to,- The Address "prefix'd to each Volume designed 14th Some additional observations on the Methods for the above mentioned Institutions," suggests of Preserving seeds from foreign parts, for the benefit an important aspect of the beginnings of the sci- of the Amer Colonies, with an account of the Gardlen This content downloaded from 65.213.241.226 on Thu, 30 Aug 2018 19:03:04 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms VOL.
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