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MLT-120 / Urinalysis Course Name: Urinalysis Course Number: MLT-120-FD01 Course Department: STEMM Course Term: Fall 2021 Last Revised by Department: May 2021 Total Semester Hour(s) Credit: 3 Total Contact Hours per Semester: Lecture: 30 Lab: 30 Clinical: 0 Internship/Practicum: 0 Catalog Description: This course is the study of the properties and constituents of urine and other body fluids. Emphasis is placed on theory and methodology of qualitative and quantitative analysis of urine. Constituent values are related to the physiology of the urinary system in health and disease. This course will help students develop the hands-on and critical thinking skills needed to function as an entry-level medical laboratory technician and satisfies curriculum requirements of the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences. This course will also help students gain scientific literacy vital to making important life decisions. Pre-requisites and/or Co-requisites: MLT 111 – Fundamentals of Laboratory Science Credit for Prior Learning: There are no Credit for Prior Learning opportunities for this course. Textbook(s) Required: 1. Strasinger, Susan. Urinalysis and Body Fluids, 7th ed., F.A. Davis, Philadelphia, 2021. ISBN: 978-0-8036-7582-7 2. Estridge, Barbara. Basic Clinical Laboratory Techniques, 6th ed., Delmar Cengage Learning, 2012. ISBN:978-1-111-13836-3 Access Code: N/A Required Materials: Surface Go or other device that can be used for assessments and assignment submissions, course packet (provided by instructor prior to instruction), calculator, face mask, face shield (provided by Iowa Central). Suggested Materials: Three-ring binder to organize notes and handouts and a planner. Course Fees: $35.00 Institutional Outcomes: Critical Thinking: The ability to dissect a multitude of incoming information, sorting the pertinent from the irrelevant, in order to analyze, evaluate, synthesize, or apply the information to a defendable conclusion. Effective Communication: Information, thoughts, feelings, attitudes, or beliefs transferred either verbally or nonverbally through a medium in which the intended meaning is clearly and correctly understood by the recipient with the expectation of feedback. Personal Responsibility: Initiative to consistently meet or exceed stated expectations over time. Department Outcomes: • Students will apply science, technology, engineering, and mathematics in contexts that make connections between school, community, and work, enabling them to compete in the current and future economy. • Students will possess the skills needed to be gainfully employed in their chosen career path. • Students will demonstrate competency in the skills needed to satisfy their educational goals Program Outcomes: • Demonstrate entry level knowledge and skill in modern clinical laboratory science. • Collect and process biological specimens and perform analytical tests on body fluids, cells, and products. • Monitor quality control through understanding of basic laboratory statistics, recognize affected results, and take appropriate action. • Perform preventive and corrective maintenance of equipment and instruments or refer to appropriate sources for repairs. • Recognize the responsibilities of other laboratory and health care personnel and interact with them with respect for their position and patient care. • Relate laboratory finding to common disease processes. Student Learning Outcomes: • Describe required specimens and special handling when specific urinalysis and body fluid procedures are requested and discuss quality control measures in the urinalysis laboratory • Describe the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system and other body systems as they relate to urinary and body fluid findings and describe the laboratory tests used to evaluate them • Demonstrate the proper technique for analyses of urine and body fluid specimens • Relate laboratory findings in urinalysis and body fluid results to disease processes and recognize discrepancies between results • Demonstrate professionalism by following written and verbal instruction, responding positively to suggestions, working well with peers and instructors, and developing a commitment to quality work by repeating assignments if necessary Unit Objectives: Unit 1: Introduction to urinalysis, kidney function, diseases, and physical examination of urine 1. List major normal chemical constituents of urine 2. Recognize terminology and volumes associated with normal and abnormal urine output 3. Describe the characteristics of appropriate urine specimen containers, labeling, and rejection criterion 4. Describe proper collection and use of types of urine specimens 5. Describe advantages and disadvantages of urine preservatives currently in use and changes that occur in unpreserved urine 6. Describe appropriate handling of biological hazards in the clinical laboratory 7. Discuss handling of other types of hazards 8. Describe the four physiologic mechanisms of the urinary system 9. Identify laboratory procedures used to evaluate renal functions and the normal ranges associated with the procedures 10. Distinguish between the cause of abnormal and normal urine colors 11. Correctly identify the appearance of urine sample unknowns according to four classifications 12. Define the principle used to determine urinary specific gravity by three different methods 13. Calculate urinary specific gravity readings by urinometer using correction factors for temperature, glucose, and protein Unit 2: Chemical Examination of Urine 1. Demonstrate proper technique to determine chemical analyses of urine samples using chemical test strips 2. State the principle used to determine urinary pH by chemstrip 3. Summarize the clinical significance of urinary pH values 4. State the principle used to determine urinary protein by chemstrip 5. Describe the pathologic causes of proteinuria 6. Compare protein determination by chemstrip and precipitation methods 7. Compare the glucose oxidase and copper reduction test used to detect glucose and reducing substances in urine 8. List the three ketone bodies that may be found in urine and those that will react on the chemstrip 9. Summarize the clinical significance of the presence of ketones detected by chemstrip or tablet reactions 10. Describe the chemical principle involved in a positive reaction on the chemical strip for the detection of blood 11. Differentiate between reactions due to RBC’s, hemoglobin, and myoglobin 12. Describe the degradation of hemoglobin to bilirubin, urobilinogen and urobilin, and the conjugation of bilirubin 13. Describe the chemical principle used to detect urinary bilirubin 14. Summarize clinical conditions of urine bilirubin as determined by the diazo reaction 15. Describe the physiologic conditions that result in either an absence or increase in urinary urobilinogen 16. State the chemical principles utilized in testing for urobilinogen in urine specimens 17. State clinical conditions that may result in a positive urinary nitrite test 18. Describe the chemical principle used to detect nitrite in urine 19. Describe the chemical principle used to detect leukocytes in urine 20. Summarize the clinical significance of a positive urinary leukocyte esterase test 21. State the chemical principle incorporated in chemstrip testing for urinary specific gravity Unit 3: Microscopic Examination of Urinary Sediment and Special Screening Procedures 1. Describe standard steps for preforming the microscopic urinalysis of a urine samples 2. Identify cellular elements in the urine sediment and relate their appearance to clinical conditions 3. Identify crystals found in urine and correlate their appearance with pathologic and nonpathologic conditions 4. Describe conditions necessary for urinary cast formation 5. Explain the significance of casts observed in the sediment of a urine sample 6. Differentiate between miscellaneous artifacts, cellular elements, formed elements, and parasites in the sediment 7. Describe techniques used to confirm the identity of elements in urinary sediment 8. Describe scales used to quantitate results of urinary sediment 9. Differentiate between overflow and renal diseases that result in the abnormal accumulation of metabolites in urine 10. Summarize the disorders of Phenylalanine-Tyrosine pathway 11. List the tests for detection of disorders in the Phenylalanine-Tyrosine pathway 12. Describe branched-chain amino acid disorders and the test results associated with them 13. Describe disorders with tryptophan metabolites and the test results associated with them 14. Differentiate between disorders of cysteine metabolism that result in cystinuria, cystinosis, and homocystinuria 15. Describe porphyrin disorders resulting from disruptions in the pathway of heme formation 16. Discuss other urine diseases Unit 4: Body Fluid Analysis Performed in the Laboratory 1. List three major functions of spinal fluid 2. Distribute tubes 1, 2, and 3 of CSF to the appropriate lab department 3. Describe the significance of the appearance of CSF resulting from traumatic tap vs. cerebral hemorrhage and other conditions 4. Identify and state the significance of abnormal cells in CSF 5. State normal values for CSF chemistry tests 6. List pathologic conditions associated with abnormal CSF chemistry findings 7. Discuss diagnostic value of bacterial and antigen tests performed on CSF in the microbiology department 8. Discuss the composition and proper collection of seminal fluid 9. List normal values associated with semen 10. Describe the methods used to evaluate sperm
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