Musical Explorers Is Made Available to a Nationwide Audience Through Carnegie Hall’S Weill Music Institute

Weill Music Institute

Student Musical Guide Explorers My City, My Song A Program of the Weill Music Institute at Carnegie Hall for Students in Grades K–2

2016 | 2017

Weill Music Institute

Student Musical Guide Explorers My City, My Song A Program of the Weill Music Institute at Carnegie Hall for Students in Grades K–2

2016 | 2017 WEILL MUSIC INSTITUTE Joanna Massey, Director, School Programs Amy Mereson, Assistant Director, Elementary School Programs Rigdzin Pema Collins, Coordinator, Elementary School Programs Tom Werring, Administrative Assistant, School Programs

ADDITIONAL CONTRIBUTERS Michael Daves Qian Yi Alsarah Nahid Abunama-Elgadi Etienne Charles Teni Apelian Yeraz Markarian Anaïs Tekerian Reph Starr Patty Dukes Shanna Lesniak Savannah Music Festival

PUBLISHING AND CREATIVE SERVICES Carol Ann Cheung, Senior Editor Eric Lubarsky, Senior Editor Raphael Davison, Senior Graphic Designer

ILLUSTRATIONS Sophie Hogarth

AUDIO PRODUCTION Jeff Cook

Weill Music Institute at Carnegie Hall 881 Seventh Avenue | New York, NY 10019 Phone: 212-903-9670 | Fax: 212-903-0758 [email protected] carnegiehall.org/MusicalExplorers

Musical Explorers is made available to a nationwide audience through Carnegie Hall’s Weill Music Institute.

Lead funding for Musical Explorers has been provided by Ralph W. and Leona Kern. Major funding for Musical Explorers has been provided by the E.H.A. Foundation and The Walt Disney Company.

Additional support has been provided by the Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation, The Lanie & Ethel Foundation, and the Vidda Foundation.

Welcome to Our Musical Trip! Our subway conductor, Melody, will take us to neighborhoods all over New York City, where we’ll discover the music and cultures that we will be studying.

P O R T W A S H IN G T O N

B L V D ORCHARD

k BEACH a r t m PELHAM A BAY PARK New York City Subway

Wakefield Wakefield 241 St EASTCHESTER with bus and railroad connections Local service only B AY 2 C H T Eastchester All trains stop (local ES S TE 3 R 23 Dyre Av and express service) Nereid Av AV 5 Key Rush hour line 2•5 extension Normal service The subway operates 24 hours a HESTER Baychester WESTC Additional express NX 233 St Av CO-OP day, but not all lines operate at all HE BRO Woodlawn d service T 2•5 5 CITY CITY times. Call our Travel Information ISLAND n B T Center at 511 for more information Station Free subway transfer R 222 S O u Accessible A 225 St in English or Spanish (24 hours) or Name

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St • • • 5 President St R F • 3 3 4 S Center T 2 7 Av• Q • U E • S 2 FLATBUSH AV B 2 5 H • •J Z H • 5 C A C T Beach 90 St• • 4 S WTC Site U Sterling St A Cortlandt St • • •5 BROOKLYN 3 Botanic PATH 2 3 4 O Clark St • • S Hoyt 2 5 WTC R BRIDGE 2 • 3 9/11 Memorial T Garden GATEWAY 2 D S PARK S FINANCIAL Wall St Schermerhorn • 3 V Hoyt St K M • S NATIONAL Cortlandt St R • L 1 Wall St Borough Hall C G • 3 2 Winthrop• 5 St DISTRICT E • A BROOKLYNI B • 3 I N 2 T F 4 5 •3 T T N S 2 2 RECREATION Beach 98 St• E LIRR G G • O S H R 2 A 2 3, NEW YORK BE Plaza AREA– A H S U Bergen St W • R BROOKLYN C

R A Prospect H n-bound 4 5 TRANSIT MUSEUM Church• 5 Av • N BOTANIC JAMAICA BAY E RectorY St T W

2 H B A Park Broad St T D S Y CARROLL S ION Grand Army GARDEN R N • G U Eastern Pkwy • Y W A Beverly Rd T 5 Rector St •Z PARK •Q S • B A J GARDENS V D F R N 2 Beach 105 St 1 SLOPE O •S

A A S W A O H T Newkirk Av Bergen St R • 5 K I R Union St PROSPECT A C Brooklyn Museum N 2 C B K D • G H ST PARK Rockaway Park O S NINT A Whitehall St H F V R Atlantic Av–Barclays Ctr S F G Beach 116 St E • FLATBUSH FLATLANDS •S T T I A N S South Ferry 9 F 7 AvF • Bowling Green T 4 5 R • R Parkside Av Flatbush Av R R Y Carroll St H Q FLATBU • G SH AV Brooklyn• 5 College D

• G S A F • G 2 RED T Smith 15 St V L 9 StsF V South Ferry F A E 1 HOOK V E N 4 Av–9 St SPECT A PRO D Church• Q Av N REY TUNNEL I H

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K A H

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d E BENNETT A E Q D N PARK n F B Fort Hamilton O D FIELD a A ELLIS l E R Pkwy D V s GOVERNORS 1 Newkirk• Q Plaza ISLAND I • C 5 A F G O S B V ISLAND F N T southbound n 25 St O E e Y t Y MARINE PARKWAY- R U I Avenue H M a W O S t R L Q V GREEN-WOOD K M C A A GIL HODGES JACOB S T E N MIDWOOD P C H CEMETERY D A D O N MEMORIAL N O N C O MARINE RIIS A E A O • G N P V S BRIDGE LIBERTY A K A T PARK PARK V T W N R L F L Y A ISLAND I D Y A Avenue J V A N M A D V W A Q H H B R G A 39 ST I 36 St T Church Av IG V C H R H F U • • T S D N R O L O V G F E N Avenue M St. George R L N F I Q I L N U W T END LINE IN E K ES E V 18 Av A Tompkinsville D Ditmas Av 9 Av F Z V 45 St V A WEST NEW SUNSET Kings• Q Hwy A S Stapleton R D N BRIGHTON PARK BOROUGH B O SNUG HARBOR Pkwy Avenue I E M PARK Bay F 1 M CULTURAL CENTER 6 E Clifton D S V T PORT SILVER S51 Pkwy A LAKE 50 St E RICHMOND T 53 St 9 C Avenue N PARK L Fort Hamilton A I Avenue U R A ER B R F D T V D Q RICHMON V R T Avenue P S A E FOX 63 T S D ROSEBANK NE F E HILLS 55 St CH LI R N BEA SHEEPSHEAD MARINERS O A EA Neck Rd F CLOVE S BAY HARBOR V VERRAZANO-NARRO Kings Hwy AY WS BRID Q LAKES SSW GE 59 St T D RE 61 S N F V PARK XP N E • M L D N R N C Sheepshead• Q Bay WESTERLEIGH N E N B A 20 Av D B L W 18 Av O S N T VD I N Y BL N U A P CASTLETON OR E Grasmere D L ICT T T D CORNERS V A N N R Y T 62 St W A Avenue U S 8 Av E E V A Pkwy C Bay Pkwy S F Brighton Beach H N T W • A STATEN T KingsHwy 8 B Q S BRIGHTON K A T TODT Old Town V BEACH C Bay Ridge AvR D O HILL Avenue X R COLLEGE OF Fort Hamilton New Utrecht Av 71 St BENSONHURST F ISLAND STATEN ISLAND R Avenue U BULLS F I Neptune Av BREEZY HEAD C Dongan Hills D O N Ocean Pkwy V H 86 ST F L U POINT M B 77 St BAY RIDGE Q SEA R D O 86 St

T N VIEW R H 79 St NEW D N CHELSEA HOSPITAL Jefferson Av D 25 Av A A SPRINGVILLE N V STATEN ST PARK A V 86 D D D ISLAND Grant City L 18 Av y Y MALL H S51/81 a 20 Av Bay 50 St West 8 St lw S 86 St i NO-NARROW D a VERRAZA R NY Aquarium R Bay Pkwy New Dorp NEW • d F Q n DORP BRIDGE DYKER a l BEACH s Bay Ridge BEACH Y I Coney Island

W n 95 St PARK P e Stillwell Av Oakwood Heights t • X R • •N Q E a D F S57 t E LA TOURETTE S R PARK O RICHMONDTOWN A H T S GREAT CONEY ISLAND M T ARDEN Bay Terrace KILLS S D R FRESH E HEIGHTS L PARK KIL KILLS W ARTHUR Great Kills S54 X7 X8

D Eltingville R

L L I

K Annadale R D V U S55 L H B

T N A R L WOODROW Y A Huguenot H ROSSVILLE S55 X17 X19

CHARLESTON Prince's Bay S56

Pleasant Plains Richmond Valley Nassau S78 TOTTENVILLE BEACH Atlantic S78 Tottenville S78

Explore the Sounds of Our City Music is everywhere! Let’s go on a sound exploration. All you need are your ears. You can use this explorer’s journal to record what you hear, including car horns and sirens, people singing, the chimes for the subway doors, and even silence.

What did you hear? When and where? 3

Discover Music in Everyday Objects Music is waiting to be found in everyday objects!

Experiment and see what kinds of sounds you can make with these objects.

List other objects you find that make interesting musical sounds. 4

HIP-HOP BLUEGRASS Musical Explorers Around the World Map

We can hear music from all around Circa ’95 the world in New York City. Where do Michael these types of music come from?

Sudanese Celebration Songs Appalachia Sudan New York City Bluegrass Appalachia British Isles West Africa Trinidad Chinese Traditional and Tobago China CALYPSO Calypso New York City Trinidad and Tobago Armenian Folk Armenia Etienne Hip-Hop New York City 5

CHINESE TRADITIONAL ARMENIAN FOLK

British Isles Qian Yi Zulal

Armenia China

West Africa Sudan SUDANESE CELEBRATION SONGS

Alsarah 6

Create a Postcard

Use the space below to draw or paste pictures of some of your favorite things about your neighborhood. Then write a message to one of our Musical Explorers artists describing your neighborhood.

Greetings from ...

Dear ______,

(Artist’s name)

c/o Carnegie Hall 881 Seventh Avenue New York, NY 10019 Your friend,

______7

Carnegie Hall Musical Explorers Song Every song tells a story, every tune tells a tale. Every rhythm has a reason, don’t you want to know? Don’t you want to know what makes the music go? Come along and see, make your discovery.

(x2)

I can go explore the world of music at my door. My city and my neighborhood, singing songs and feeling good. I can know what makes the music grow, I can know what makes the music go! 8

Meet Michael!

Hello Musical Explorers! My name is Michael, and I am a singer and guitarist who moved to Brooklyn from down south in Atlanta, Georgia. I grew up playing a style of American music called bluegrass with my parents. Some of the songs my parents taught me have been played for hundreds of years! I can’t wait for you to hear my band. You might Musical Explorers recognize some of our instruments, like the bass, guitar, and violin (or fiddle as we c/o Carnegie Hall like to call it), but others, like the banjo and mandolin, might be new to you. 881 Seventh Avenue See you at the concert! New York, NY 10019 Michael 9

We asked Michael …

What was your favorite memory of listening to bluegrass as a child? I used to love it when my parents would have music parties and invite all of their musician friends over to jam. There’s something special about sitting around in your own house making music with your friends and family. You don’t need to always listen to recordings or go to a concert hall to enjoy music—you can also make your own music any time, and share it with friends!

Who are your favorite bluegrass musicians and why? My favorite bluegrass musician is Bill Monroe, who people call the “Father of Bluegrass Music.” A long time ago he made up a new style that no one had ever heard before, and then a lot of people wanted to play it, and to this day, still do. I also love Ralph Stanley. He has such a cool voice that sounds about 200 years old.

Arriving at Park Slope, Brooklyn 10

Make Your Own Bluegrass Band Here are all the instruments you need to make your very own bluegrass band. Draw a picture of your band!

FIDDLE

BANJO GUITAR MANDOLIN

BASS

My bluegrass band’s name is . 11

Explore Emotions and Opposites Through “In the Pines” We can feel many emotions when we sing. Draw some emotions and their opposites on the faces below. Be sure to write what each emotion is! 12

Meet Qian Yi!

Ni hao, Musical Explorers, I was born in Shanghai, China, and first began singing in the choir when I was eight years old. When I turned 10, I was picked to go to the Shanghai Opera School. I studied Chinese opera for many years in my home country. Now I love to sing all different kinds of Chinese traditional music, including folk songs. I can’t wait to Musical Explorers share these songs with you! c/o Carnegie Hall Your friend, Qian Yi 881 Seventh Avenue New York, NY 10019 P.S. On Bayard Street in Chinatown, there’s a garden where Chinese opera can be heard almost every day, and especially on the weekends!

Leaving from Park Slope, Brooklyn SG13 13

We asked Qian Yi …

What was your first memory of hearing traditional Chinese music as a child? I remember hearing my grandmother singing opera songs at home.

Do you have a favorite Chinese traditional song? Yes, “Mo Li Hua”!

Did you have a favorite Chinese fairy tale as a child? I loved the story called “The River Snail Lady.” This story is about a poor fisherman who caught a river snail one day and put her in a fish tank in his house. Every day after that, when he would come home there would be warm food waiting for him on the dinner table. One day, he discovered that the snail transformed into a beautiful woman each day while he was away to prepare the food. He and the woman fell in love and lived happily ever after.

Here’s how you write the word music in Chinese. Try writing it yourself by tracing over the lines.

Arriving at Chinatown, Manhattan 14

Explore the Pipa The pipa is one of the most popular traditional Chinese instruments. It has been played in China for almost 2,000 years! Sometimes called the Chinese lute, it has a pear-shaped wooden body and four strings. The strings used to be made of soft silk and plucked with the fingernails; today, the strings are steel, so pipa players attach fake fingernails to their fingertips. Pipa players also make percussive sounds by striking the instrument’s body, or twisting its strings to make a cymbal-like sound.

TUNING PEGS

STRINGS

BRIDGE 15

Explore Chinese Characters The Chinese written language uses characters for each word instead of letters. If you look carefully the characters are like simple drawings of the words. Trace the first character, and try drawing the others on your own.

Niao 鸟鸟 bird

Shan 山 mountain

STRINGS Kou 口 mouth

Chang 唱 sing 16

Meet Alsarah!

Ahlan, Musical Explorers! I was born in a city called Khartoum, which is in an African country called Sudan. My family had to leave Sudan when I was eight because of serious troubles there. We came to the US when I was 12, and now I live in Crown Heights with people from all over the world. I love the songs that I learned in my country— Musical Explorers songs of celebration that were written and sung by women and taught to me as a c/o Carnegie Hall little girl. I’m so excited to share these songs with you! And I’m especially excited 881 Seventh Avenue that I get to perform with my sister, Nahid! New York, NY 10019 Wa shokran, Alsarah

Leaving from Chinatown, Manhattan 17

We asked Alsarah …

What did you eat for breakfast growing up in Khartoum? Like most people in my country, I ate foul (fava beans) for breakfast every day. Sometimes I ate eggs, too.

What was your favorite Sudanese tradition? The bridal dance! In Sudan, weddings are a big deal and the entire neighborhood gets involved. As part of the wedding, the bride performs songs and dances that she creates and practices for months. It is the job of all her little cousins to help her practice and sing along; that’s where I learned some of the songs I now sing.

Is there a special kind of traditional dress in Sudan? In my part of the Sudan, women traditionally wear a toub, which is basically a kind of large scarf wrapped around the body over your dress, and the men wear a long, white tunic called a jalabiya.

toub

jalabiya

Here’s how you write the word music in Arabic. Try writing it yourself by tracing over the lines.

Arriving at Crown Heights, Brooklyn 18

Compose with Body Percussion You can create a body percussion composition to perform with a partner, just like Alsarah and Nahid. Circle TWO body percussion sounds below that you want to use.

Clap Clap two hands Stomp Tap your thigh What else? with your partner’s two hands

Your composition is eight beats long, from 1 to 8. Where do you want to put your two sounds? If you want silence, you can leave a space blank. For example: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

clap clap stomp clap clap clap stomp

Now it’s your turn: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Your class can clap or count the steady beat while you and your partner perform your composition. 19

Explore Nubia For thousands of years, some of the land that is now part of Sudan was in a civilization called Nubia. That’s why Alsarah’s band is called the Nubatones. Nubia stretched all along the Nile River from Sudan into Egypt. It was one of the oldest civilizations in northern Africa—more than 8,000 years old!

Nubians were known to be excellent archers. These are ancient statues of Nubian archers Here are Nubian pyramids. with their bows and arrows.

These are Nubian hieroglyphs, an early form of writing based on pictures. What do you think they mean?

Create your own hieroglyphs that say “musical explorer” in the box below. 20

Welcome to Carnegie Hall’s Zankel Hall

Hi! I’m Sid, and I’m thrilled to be your host for Musical Explorers! Getting to spend time at Carnegie Hall is my favorite part of the year, and I can’t wait to hear lots of great music from all over New York City and the world with you. I hope you’re all ready to be Musical Explorers. See you soon!

Meet Sid!

Meet the ushers! 21

This is Carnegie Hall.

You’ll enter here and go down the escalator.

Your ushers will meet you at the bottom of the escalator and guide you into beautiful Zankel Hall. Everyone will get a great seat! SG22 23

What Did You See and Hear at Carnegie Hall? Draw pictures of your trip to Carnegie Hall below. 23

Who Is Your Favorite Artist?

Write a letter to your favorite artist. Be sure to include your favorite part of the concert and your favorite song from the concert.

Dear ,

Your friend, 24

Meet Etienne!

Bonjou, Musical Explorers! My name is Etienne, and I am a singer and trumpet player from the island of Trinidad. Trinidad is famous for its Carnival, and Carnival is famous for its my favorite! Every September calypso music—

there is a big Carnival parade on Musical Explorers Eastern Parkway in Brooklyn with lots of calypso music. c/o Carnegie Hall I can’t wait to sing and jump up with 881 Seventh Avenue you at the concert! Ovwa, New York, NY 10019 Etienne

Leaving from Crown Heights, Brooklyn 25

We asked Etienne …

What are your first musical memories? At school, we sang in the choir from age four. Even before that, I heard calypso and many other styles of music on my parents’ record player at home.

What is your favorite food from Trinidad? My favorite Trini food is pelau. It’s a one-pot dish with rice, beans, and chicken. So tasty!

Do you have a favorite Carnival character? One of my favorites is Jab Molassie, one of the first characters I ever played. Jab Molassie is a devil—you smear your body with tar or grease, usually dyed in bright blue, red, or green.

Jab Molassie

Arriving at Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn 26

Explore the Steel Pan The steel pan is the national instrument of Trinidad and Tobago. Steel pans were originally made from oil drums—big metal containers used to hold oil. The top of the oil drum is heated and stretched into a bowl shape, and then dents are carefully molded into the surface. Each dent plays a different pitch; the bigger the dent, the lower the pitch.

DENT PLAYING SURFACE

MALLET 27

Calypso Rhymes Here are some words about calypso. Draw a line between words that rhyme.

sing dancesing madesing songsing longsing singcan pantssing singfun singsun paradesing singpan thingsing

Now use the rhyming pairs from above to complete these calypso lyrics.

The day is here, here comes the .

I’m sure that we’ll have lots of .

I wear the costume that I

And run to join in the .

My friend is playing a steel

While I play on an old tin .

A man is wearing bright red .

He jumps and chips, it’s quite a !

Then everybody starts to .

I think that is my favorite !

We celebrated all day .

And so ends my calypso . 28

Meet Zulal!

Parev, Musical Explorers! Our names are Teni, Yeraz, and Ana ïs, and together we make up the vocal trio Zulal.

We are all Armenian, but like many Armenians our families haven’t lived in Armenia for two generations: Our parents were born in Iraq, Kenya, Palestine, and Egypt, and we three were born here in the US. We connect to our Armenian heritage through the songs that we sing. We’re so Musical Explorers excited that you’ll be learning the songs c o Carnegie Hall we love, and can’t wait to sing with you /

at Carnegie Hall! 881 Seventh Avenue Ts’dsootyoon, New York, NY 10019 Teni, Yeraz, and Anaïs, (Zulal)

Leaving from Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn

30 29

We asked Zulal …

What is your favorite Armenian food? There is so much delicious Armenian food! Yeraz loves mante, which are boat-shaped dumplings cooked in tomato-chicken broth and topped with yogurt and mint. Anaïs loves boreg—buttery pastry triangles filled with cheese. Teni loves vospov kufte, which are lentil patties.

Do you have a favorite Armenian holiday? Our favorite holiday is definitely Hampartsoum, when a wonderful fortune-telling ritual called the vijag is performed. It is believed that on that day the seams of the universe loosen so the future can be told. There are many vijag songs that we love to sing!

Did you have a favorite Armenian story growing up? We all love the story of the talking fish! It is the story of a poor fisherman who saves a fish by throwing it back into the water, and how the fish rewards the fisherman. Ask your teacher to tell you the whole story!

Here’s how you write the word music in Armenian. Try writing it yourself by tracing over the lines.

Arriving at Little Armenia, Manhattan

31 30

The Myth of Tammooz The Assyrians believed there was a god who had the power to make sure that the crops they planted grew strong, and there would be plenty of food to eat. They called that god Tammooz. Draw a picture of how you imagine Tammooz would look.

32 31

Explore the Oud The oud is a pear-shaped string instrument with a rounded back and a short neck. While the oud looks like a big gourd, its body is actually made out of many wooden strips—in fact, its name in Arabic means “thin strips of wood”! Ten of the strings are paired together—pairs of strings play the same note—with one low string on its own.

TUNING PEGS SOUND HOLE

STRINGS

BRIDGE RIBS

33 32

Meet Circa ’95!

Hi Musical Explorers! Our names are Reph and Patty, and we perform a style of music that is known all over the world: HIP-HOP! We bet you already know some hip-hop songs, but did you know that hip-hop (like us) was born in New York City? Have you ever seen hip-hop dancers and musicians in your neighborhood or on the subway? We write and perform our own songs about life in the city and some of them are in Spanish Musical Explorers and English. We can’t wait to have a good time and c/o Carnegie Hall rhyme with you at Carnegie Hall! 881 Seventh Avenue See you soon! New York, NY 10019 Reph and Patty (Circa ’95)

Leaving from Little Armenia, Manhattan

34 33

We asked Circa ’95 …

What were your first memories of hip-hop as a child? Patty: One of my first memories is hearing hip-hop music on the radio. I would use a hairbrush like a microphone and sing along in front of the mirror, pretending I was on stage. Reph: As a child, I remember b-boys and b-girls (hip-hop dancers) dancing in the park. Their music and their dance moves were exciting!

What do you love most about hip-hop? Patty: I love that anyone and everyone can participate! Hip-hop celebrates your individuality and creates spaces for you to express yourself. Reph: I love that hip-hop is bigger than just a type of music or dance. It’s a culture. It’s a way of life.

What is the first step to writing a hip-hop song? Patty: Think of a theme you would like to write about. Write words that inspire and motivate you. The words can repeat and rhyme. Before you know it, you have a story to tell—and a beautiful song!

How do you know when you have a good message? Reph: When your music is true to who you are and you bring joy to the people who hear it.

Arriving at South Bronx

35 34

Four Elements of Hip-Hop

B-Boying / B-Girling

g in MCing Graffiti C M

DJing

36 35

Learn to Beatbox You can create your own rhythm track using just your mouth to imitate different percussion instruments.

When you say “BOOTS” it sounds like a bass drum

When you say “CATS” it sounds like a snare drum

Ready to BEATBOX?

BOOTS and CATS and BOOTS and CATS and BOOTS and CATS and BOOTS and CATS

What other sounds can you make with your mouth to add to your beatboxing rhythm?

37 36

Create Your Own Mural Graffiti artists paint murals and other street art with messages that they feel are important for their communities to know. Create your own mural with a message that is important to you and your class.

38 37

It’s Concert Time!

Circle things you WILL do at Carnegie Hall. Put an “X” through things you WON’T do at Carnegie Hall. Use all four kinds of voices: Dance whispering, talking, calling, Sleep and singing

Run Have fun!

Get bored Talk during the music Cheer! Open your ears Laugh Move

Follow directions Sing!

Listen to the performers Watch how the musicians play and sing

Eat popcorn Clap 38

What Did You See and Hear at Carnegie Hall?

Draw pictures of your trip to Carnegie Hall below. 39

Who Is Your Favorite Artist?

Write a letter to your favorite artist. Be sure to include your favorite part of the concert and your favorite song from the concert.

Dear ,

Your friend, Additional Information

Glossary banjo: a string instrument originally from fiddle: the name used by bluegrass musicians West Africa used in American folk music, for the violin including bluegrass gesture: a movement we make with our faces or beatboxing: a form of vocal percussion in which you bodies to express something without talking imitate the sound of percussion instruments using just your mouth harmony: the combination of simultaneously sounded musical notes bluegrass: a style of American roots music played on acoustic string instruments hook: in hip-hop, a repeated phrase that returns like a chorus body percussion: the use of the human body to create percussive sounds jump-up: the communal celebratory dance during the Carnival parade break: the part of a bluegrass song when the instrumentalists play while the singer takes a break limbo: a popular dance contest from Trinidad, in which contestants shimmy under a limbo bar call and response: a musical form in which one person sings a musical phrase (call), and the group lyrics: the words in a song responds (response) with either an echo or another mandolin: a plucked string instrument in the lute complementary phrase family used in bluegrass calypso: a form of music from Trinidad and Tobago MC: the vocalist in hip-hop music who raps the that combines West African and French influences lyrics over the beat

Carnival: a festival held before Lent that includes measure: a segment of music defined by a set music and dancing number of beats chipping: a form of calypso dance medley: a musical arrangement that combines chord: two or more notes sounded together two or more songs chorus: a musical section in a song with the same melodic contour: the direction of the melody lyrics and melody that repeats after each verse melodic phrase: a short musical segment within a cypher: a circle of people taking turns rapping larger melody that has a specific contour and duration verses, often improvising melody: the main tune of a piece of music

DJ: in hip-hop, the musician who makes the meter: the number of beats in a measure beats using turntables and digital equipment message: in hip-hop, something that the musician emotions: feelings wants to express engine room: a group of non-pitched percussion mood: emotional feeling instruments that form the rhythm section of a steel band opera: a dramatic work set to music explorer: a person who uses his or her senses to opposites: things that are very different from learn about something each other ostinato: a repeated musical pattern steady beat: the pulse in music oud: a pear-shaped string instrument with steel band: a musical group that brings together Arabic roots, related to the lute steel pans of different sizes with an engine room of non-pitched percussion pantomime: acting something out without speaking steel pan: an instrument used in steel bands made pentatonic scale: a scale made up of five notes from oil drums pipa: a traditional Chinese instrument with four step: melodic movement that ascends or descends strings, sometimes called the Chinese lute using consecutive notes in a scale refrain: the line or lines that are repeated in music strong beat: a beat that is emphasized or accented rap: spoken or chanted rhyming lyrics to a beat top rock: a hip-hop dance step rhyme: two words that have the same last sound unison: singing or playing together rhythmic layering: layering repeated rhythms on top verse: a musical section in a song where the melody of each other to create a more complex polyrhythm stays the same but the lyrics change scale: a pattern of musical notes waltz: a dance step in triple meter, with a strong-weak- skip: melodic movement that skips notes in the scale weak pattern as it ascends or descends weak beat: a beat that is not emphasized or accented solfège: the use of sol-fa syllables to name each note in a musical scale Acknowledgments

Photos Artist photos: Michael Daves childhood photo courtesy of artist, publicity photo by Wendy George; Qian Yi childhood photo courtesy of artist, publicity photo by Ken Anderson; Alsarah’s childhood photo and Nahid Abunama-Elgadi childhood photo courtesy of artist, publicity photo by Nousha Salimi; Etienne Charles publicity photo by Laura Ferreira; Zulal childhood photos courtesy of artists, publicity photo by Kathi Littwin; Circa ’95 childhood photo courtesy of artist, publicity photo by Shirley Rodriguez. SG3 (clockwise from top left): Stephanie Berger, Nan Palmero, Stephanie Berger. SG8: Park Slope, Brooklyn photo by Wally Gobetz; quilt photo by Tamar Horton Harris North. SG9: Birth of Bluegrass photo by Corkythehornetfan; banjo photo by Brian Stansberry. Page 27 (top to bottom): oldcrowgirl, bunky’s pickle. SG10 (left to right): Wayne Rogers, Cornergraf, arent, Martin Moller, Paree. SG12: Chinatown, Manhattan photo by Thomas Hawk. SG13: Paper dragon photo by 蔡滄龍; paper lamp photo by cisc1970. SG16: Crown Heights, Brooklyn photo by Beyond My Ken. SG17: Toub photo by UNAMID; jalabiya photo by David Stanley. SG19 (left to right): Mak Khogaly, kairoinfo4u. SG20: Sid’s photo by Xanthe Elbrick. SG21 (top to bottom): Jeff Goldberg/Esto, Google Maps, Jeff Goldberg/Esto. SG24: Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn photo by Nick Normal; Trinidad photo by Dieter Mueller. SG25 (Carnival photos left to right): Idobi, cisc1970, George Popplewell. Page 65: Steel band photo by Tony Hisgett. Page 68: Carnival photo by Mister Jo. SG28: Armenian Record Center photo by Ara Dinkjian; mante photo by Amber Leach; childhood photos courtesy of Zulal. SG29 (left to right): Armenia landscape by Bo Stern; Armenian flags by Flickr user Young Shanahan. Page 78: Tamzara dance photos by Kevork Mourad. SG32: South Bronx photo by AquaLungBX, Circa ’95 photo by Shirley Rodriguez. SG33: B-Boy photo by Bob Jagendorf. SG34 (clockwise from top): Wen-Cheng Liu, Thomas Hawk, Mika-photography, Casa For a do Eixo Minas. SG36: Jeffrey Zeldman.

Special Thanks Special thanks to Jacqueline Stahlmann, Hayk Arsenyan, the Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU), and Sarah Cullen.

Weill Music Institute

carnegiehall.org/MusicalExplorers