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1 Lao People's Democratic Republic Peace Independence Democracy Unity Prosperity Ministry of Health Department of Planning

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1 Lao People's Democratic Republic Peace Independence Democracy Unity Prosperity Ministry of Health Department of Planning Lao People’s Democratic Republic Peace Independence Democracy Unity Prosperity Ministry of Health Department of Planning and Cooperation GMS Health Security Project Cross border checkpoint (Points of entry) survey report The department of communicable disease control of the ministry of health conducted the survey of the border checkpoints during the period of June to September 2019. The survey was to implement one of the activities of the annual operation plan 2019 supported by the health security project and funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The overall objectives of the survey were to have the information about the operation and the capacity of the border checkpoints in meeting the core capacity of the International Health Regulation for the public health emergency operation. Specific objectives were to: Map out the location/site of each checkpoint Assess the availability of health facilities, equipment, numbers of health staff and location of health checking counter and SOP Collect the information of traffic volume crossing the border checkpoints Assess the preparedness and response capacity at the PoE See the gaps, constraints and make the recommendation for an improved capacity in disease outbreak control at the border checkpoint I. Border checkpoints in the survey: A totally 27 selected points of entry surveyed which included 4 international airports, 23 ground crossing points and 3 local traditional checkpoints shown in the table below: No. Province District Check point name Shared border Sikhottabong Wattai International airport Vientiane Hadsayfong Lao-Thai friendship bridge Nongkhai -Thailand 1 Capital (1) Sikhottabong Local traditional checkpoint Nongkhai - Thailand 2 Phongsaly Nhot Ou Lan Tui local checkpoint Yunnan - China May district Pang Hock local checkpoint Dien Fu - Vietnam 3 Luang Luang Namtha Boten international GCP Yunnan - China Namtha Houay Xay Lao-Thai friendship bridge ChiangRai - Thailand 4 Bokeo (4) Ton Pheung Golden Triangle Chiang Rai - Thailand 5 Luang Luang Prabang LB International airport Prabang City Kaenthao Nam Heuang local Thailand 7 Xayabouly checkpoint 1 Paklay Phou Dou local checkpoint Thailand Muong Ngeun Nam Ngeun checkpoint Thailand 6 Houaphanh Viengxay Nam Soy local checkpoint Thanh Houa -Vietnam 8 Xiengkhouang Nong Hed Nam Kanh local checkpoint Ngae An - Vietnam Pakxanh Pakxanh – Bungkarn Bung Karn - Thailand 9 Bolikhamxay Khamkeut Nam Phao Hatinh - Vietnam 10 Khammouane Thakhek Lao-Thai friendship bridge Nakorn Panom (3) Thailand Boualapha Naphao Quang binh -Vietnam 11 Svannakhet Kaysone International airport Phomvihan City checkpoint Kaysone Lao-Thai friendship bridge Moukdahan - Thailand Phomvihan City (2) Sepon Dan Savan – Lao Bao Quang Tri - Vietnam 12 Saravanh Samouay La lay Quang Tri - Vietnam 13 Sekong Duckchung Dark Ta Ork QUang Nam - Vietnam 14 Champasack Pakse City Pakse International airport Phonthong Vang Tao-Chongmeck Oubon - Thailand 15 Attapeu Phouvong Phoukeua Quang Toum - Vietnam 16 Vientiane Meune district Pakxom Loei - Thailand province Process of survey The survey used a simple questionnaire formulated by the country technical adviser (CTA) of the project and were modified by the Department of communicable diseases control (DCDC) for some additional numbers of questions. The DCDC have established 3 level survey teams which included: (1) Central and provincial supervising team which comprised of the general board director of the department of communicable disease control and senior technical officers of disease outbreak. The team made the decision on the approach of the survey, follow up and supervised the survey (2) Provincial coordination team coordinated with the checkpoint authority for authorization and cooperation and appointed the technical officer of the department of health to part of the survey team (3) On site survey team. The survey team approached the target of survey below Provincial head/deputy head and communicable diseases unit staff Head and senior officer of immigration of the border checkpoints Customs Border checkpoint office administrative officer Ware house manager Food and drug and health inspectors 2 Animal and plant health Business and service operators Prior to the survey in each province, the DCDC team consulted firstly the board of the provincial health department and other concern health officers to provide orientation on the objectives and the needs of the survey. The provincial designated team members were met to be coached on the utilization of the survey form and on active participation to the survey. Results Vientiane Capital 2 international and 1 local traditional checkpoints: 1) Wattay International Airport – a designated international checkpoint to meet the core capacity requirement of the International Health Regulation is at the distance of 7 km away from the Centre of Vientiane capital. The regular daily administrative working hours starts from 8:00 am to 4:00 pm. However the immigration and custom checks were beyond the official given time which depended on the arrival and departure time of the flights in the day. The numbers of entry passengers varied from 1500 to 2000 while the exit numbers were bigger 2,000 Health inspection was not done on a regular basis. There were only few hospital medical staff who came from nearby Sikhottabong district hospital (a designated referral hospital) and worked on health inspection when the disease outbreak occurred. There was not a room designated for the quarantine in the terminal but a room to provide a small scale of medical care service for the airport staff and the travelers who needed is available. The thermo scanner has been put in place to screen the arrival passengers during the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was still kept in work together with some infrared thermometers and a hand use blood pressure device. The department of communicable diseases control team has conducted a training on the standard operating procedure (SOP) and simulation exercise for the airport staff and authorities and distributed the printed manual of SOP 2) Lao – Thai Friendship Bridge 1. An international cross border checkpoint located in Hadsayfong district at the distance of 20 kilometers away from Vientiane town. The official working time was from 8:00 am to 8:00 pm with the record of a bigger volume of international traffic when compared to Wattay airport and in other Lao – Thai Friendship Bridge checkpoint. Cars and conveyances were counted for 300 of entry and 400 of exit per day. 2 medical staffs were appointed by Hadsayfong district health office. A medical room service existed and provided very little consultation service to the staff and authorities working at the checkpoints in case of needs 3) Local traditional Cross Mekong river checkpoint located in Sikhottabong district at about 12 km north of Vientiane town is a checkpoint crossed by the local residents of Sikhottabong district and those of Sangkhom district of Nongkhai province of Thailand. An average hundred people crossed the checkpoint per day for a quotidian small trade and importation mainly: food, clothes, farming materials and products, and house construction hardware. The local authority appointed 2 health and 2 to 3 animal and plant health inspectors to work every day. Phongsaly province 3 4) Lan Toui local ground crossing point at 60 km away from Nhot Ou district and shares the border with Chang Seun district of Yunnan province of China. This newly opened checkpoint has 8 and half hours operation in the day starting from 8 am to 16:30 pm with a recorded of a little number crossing travelers (50) both entry and exit. Very little numbers of cars and conveyance crossing the border – 40 entry against 10 of exit. The provincial and district health department have posted 2 drugs inspectors but no health staff working for outbreak response. There were 2 staffs posted by agriculture sector – 1 for animal health and 1 for plant inspection. There was only an infrared thermometer available in the checkpoint. The passengers who needed to receive the medical were referred to Nhot Ou district hospital. 5) Pang Hock checkpoint. This sharing checkpoint Dien Bien Fu of Vietnam is located at 30 km away from May district and operates the work from 7:00 am to 19:00 pm. The numbers of entry passengers were around hundred with around same numbers of exit. Recommendations made by the PoE staff were to have the PoE health operation office in the right location which should be at the position of first hand contact with travelers before proceeding to other checking counter such as immigration and custom. Luang Namtha province 6) Boten – Mohan International Border checkpoint is located at 46 km away from Lung Namtha provincial town and shares the border with Muongla district of Yunnan province of China. The checkpoint received the highest traffic volume when compared to other checkpoints in the north provinces of Laos. Starting at 7:30 am to 20:30 pm, the immigration counter recorded around 2,000 entry and exit around 1,000 exit checked per day. The cars and conveyances are counted for 800 of entry and 600 of exit. 2 health staff were appointed by Luang Namtha provincial health department and providing daily medical service to the checkpoint staff. Thermo scanner, infrared thermometer and a manual blood pressure device were in place supported by Chinese Yunnan health authority 7) Pang Hay traditional checkpoint is located in Sing district at 75 km far and shares the border with Muongla of Yunnan province of China. Bokeo province 8) Lao – Thai Friendship Bridge number 4 – An International checkpoint which connecting Houayxai district and Chiangkhong district of Chiang Rai province of Thailand. The checkpoint is located at 12 km away from Huayxai town. 12 hours of works per day from 7:00 pm to 6:00 pm and the immigration has recorded 500 entry checks against 450 of exit. The number of the cars and conveyances were 70 – 50 of entry against 40 of exit. Of the total 6 health officers designated to operate the health services at the checkpoint, 3 were appointed by the district health office and the rest were sent 4 by the provincial health department.
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