Spring 2001 Department of Economics UCLA April 1, 2001 Version

Econ 262A Topics in Labor Economics Public Policy and Human Capital Formation

Janet Currie [email protected]

V. Joseph Hotz [email protected]

This course will focus on the evaluation of a range of public policies that affect human capital formation, broadly defined. The course will emphasize the evaluation of these policies, using a range of empirical techniques, and will highlight areas of expertise of the two instructors.

The grade will be based on continued progress towards the paper assignment, class participation, and one written critical discussion of one of the papers on the reading list below. In this critical discussion, students should: (a) summarize the article, including its motivation, theoretical framework, critical assumptions, econometric methods used and main results; (b) critically assess the contribution of the paper; including the strengths and weaknesses of the paper’s approach, appropriateness of theory, methods and data used, and whether the paper addresses an important issue and assessment of how convincing are the findings of the paper. This assessment should be between 5-10 pages in length (double-spaced). The schedule for progress on the paper assignment is as follows:

April 9: Submission and class presentation of 5-10 page progress report.

June 4: Submission and class presentation of draft paper (20-25 pages)

July 9: Submission of final draft of paper (30+ pages)

July 10-14: Presentation and oral defense of research.

Additional presentations may be scheduled as necessary.

In addition to the above course requirements, all students are urged to regularly attend the "Labor and Population" Workshop which is being jointly sponsored by UCLA and RAND. Many eminent people will be giving talks about their work in progress. Regular attendance is the best way to find out what’s hot and what’s not, and to see how successful economists approach empirical problems. Please contact the instructors if you need a ride to a seminar held at RAND.

Readings that are not available electronically already (i.e. on JSTOR, the NBER web site, or the instructor’s own web sites) will be made available on the course web site for downloading. The URL for the course website is: www.econ.ucla.edu/hotz/ec262a. April 2: Introduction The Role of Government

Atkinson, Anthony. "Income Maintenance and Social Insurance," in Handbook of Public Economics Vol. 2, Auerbach and Feldstein (eds), 1986, especaily pages 779-833, 850-880.

Bertrand, Marianne, E. Luttmer, and S. Mullainathan. "Network Effects and Welfare Cultures, Quarterly Journal of Economics, August 2000.

Inman, Robert. "Markets, Government, and the ‘New’ Political Economy," in Handbook of Public Economics Vol. 2, Auerbach and Feldstein (eds), 1986, pages 647-674.

The Welfare System

Blank, Rebecca and Patricia Ruggles. "When do Women use AFDC and Food Stamps? The Dynamics of Eligibility vs. Participation," Journal of Human Resources, Winter 1996.

Currie, Janet. "The Effects of Welfare on Child Outcomes: What We Know and What We Need to Know" in The Effects of Welfare on the Family, Robert Moffitt (ed), Washington D.C.: National Academy Press, 1998.

Currie, Janet and Nancy Cole. "Welfare and Child Health: The Link Between AFDC Participation and Birth Weight," American Economic Review, Sept. 1993.

Hoynes, Hilary. "Welfare Spells over the Last Two Decades: Do Changes in Benefits Explain the Trends?" American Economic Review, May 1994.

Moffitt, Robert. "Incentive Effects of the U.S. Welfare System: A Review," Journal of Economic Literature, March 1992.

Moffitt, Robert, ed. The Effects of Welfare on the Family, Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1998.

Moffitt, Robert, ed. Means-Tested Transfer Programs in the United States, Chicago: University of Chicago Press for NBER, forthcoming (see NBER web page, books in progress).

Murray, Charles. Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950-1980, New York: Basic Books, 1984, Chaps. 2, 4, 12.

3 Slesnick, Daniel. "Gaining Ground: Poverty in the Postwar United States," Journal of Political Economy, February 1993, 1-38.

Empirical Issues

Angrist, Joshua and Alan B. Krueger. "Empirical Strategies in Labor Economics" in Handbook of Labor Economics, Vol. 3A, Ashenfelter and Card (eds.), 1999.

Heckman, James, Robert Lalonde, and Jeffrey Smith. "The Economics and Econometrics of Active Labor Market Programs," in Handbook of Labor Economics, V. 3A, Ashenfelter and Card (eds.), 1999.

Moffitt, Robert. "New Developments in Econometric Methods for Labor Market Analysis," in Handbook of Labor Economics, Vol. 3A, Ashenfelter and Card (eds.), 1999.

Stafford, Frank. "Forestalling the Demise of Empirical Economics: The Role of Microdata in Labor Economics Research," in Handbook of Labor Economics, Vol. 1, Ashenfelter and Card (eds)., 1986.

April 3: Special Lecture by Prof. David Cutler "Public Policy for Health Care"

(NOTE: This is a Tues. The lecture will be held from 9:30-11 in a room 9383)

April 9: Presentation of Preliminary Research Papers

April 11 and 16: Estimating the Causal Effects fo Social Programs with Application to Training programs

Burtless, G. (1995), "The Case for Randomized Field Trials in Economic and Policy Research," Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 63-84

Dehejia, R., and S. Wahba (1999), "Causal Effects in Non- Experimental Studies: Re-Evaluating the Evaluation of Training Programs," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 94, No. 448, pp. 1053- 1062. Heckman, J. and J. Smith (1998), "Assessing the Case for Social

4 Experiments," Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 85-110

Heckman, J. and J. Smith (1998), "Evaluating the Welfare State", Frisch Centenary, Econometric Monograph Series, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Heckman, J. and V. J. Hotz (1989), "Choosing Among Alternative Nonexperimental Methods for Estimating the Impact of Social Programs: The Case of Manpower Training" Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 84, No. 408, pp. 862-880.

Heckman, J., H. Ichimura, and P. Todd (1997), "Matching as an Econometric Evaluation Estimator: Evidence from Evaluating a Job Training Program", Review of Economic Studies, 64, 605-654.

Heckman, J., H. Ichimura, and P. Todd (1998), "Matching as an Econometric Evaluation Estimator", Review of Economic Studies, 65, 261- 294.

Heckman, J., H. Ichimura, J. Smith, and P. Todd (1998), "Characterizing Selection Bias Using Experimental Data," Econometrica, 66, 1017-1098.

Heckman, J., J. Smith, and C. Taber (1998), "Accounting for Dropouts in the Evaluation of Social Experiments," Review of Economics and Statistics, pp. 1-14.

Heckman, J., J. Smith, and N. Clements (1997), "Making the Most Out of Programme Evaluations and Social Experiments: Accounting for Heterogeneity in Programme Impacts," Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 64, pp. 487-535.

Heckman, J., R. Lalonde, and J. Smith (1999), "The Economics and Econometrics of Active Labor Market Programs," Handbook of Labor Economics, Volume 3, Ashenfelter, A. and D. Card, eds., Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.

LaLonde, R. (1986), "Evaluating the Econometric Evaluations of Training Programs with Experimental Data," American Economic Review, Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 604-620.

Card, D. and D. Sullivan, (1988), "Measuring the Effect of Subsidized Training Programs on Movements In and Out of Employment," Econometrica, Vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 497-530. April 18: Discrimination and Human Capital Formation

5 Altonji, Joseph and Rebecca Blank. "Race and Gender in the Labor Market," in Handbook of Labor Economics, Vol. 3C, Ashenfelter and Card (eds.), 1999.

Altonji, Joseph and Charles Pierret. "Employer Learning and Statistical Discrimination," Quarterly Journal of Economics, forthcoming (see NBER working paper).

Arrow, Kenneth. "The Theory of Discrimination," in Discrimination in Labor Markets, Ashenfelter and Rees (eds)., 1973.

Becker, Gary. The Economics of Discrimination, University of Chicago Press, 2nd edition, 1971.

Blau, Francine. "Trends in the Well-Being of American Women," Journal of Economic Literature, March 1998 (also, NBER Working Paper #6206, October 1997).

Borjas, George. "Discrimination in HEW: Is the Doctor Sick or the Patient Healthy," Journal of Law and Economics, XXI, April 1978.

Borjas, George and Stephen Bronars. "Consumer Discrimination and Self-Employment," Journal of Political Economy, June 1989.

Carrington, William and Kenneth Troske. "Interfirm Segregation and the Black/White Wage Gap," Journal of Labor Economics, April 1998.

Currie, Janet and Richard Chaykowski. "Male Jobs, Female Jobs, and Gender Gaps in Benefits Coverage in Canada," Research in Labor Economics, 1995.

Cutler, David, Edward Glaeser and Jacob Vigdor. "The Rise and Decline of the American Ghetto?" Journal of Political Economy, June 1999 (also NBER Working Paper, #5881).

Freeman, Richard and John Bound. "What Went Wrong? The Erosion of Relative Earnings and Employment Among Young Black Men in the 1980s," Quarterly Journal of Economics, February 1992.

Goldin, Claudia. The Gender Gap, University of Chicago Press, 1990, chapter 3.

Hamermesh, Daniel and Jeff Biddle. "Beauty and the Labor Market," American Economic Review, December 1994.

6 Heckman, James and Brook Payner. "Determining the Impact of Federal Antidiscrimination Policy on the Economic Status of Blacks: A Case Study of South Carolina," American Economic Review, March 1989.

Heckman, James and John Donohue. "Continuous Versus Episodic Change: The Impact of Affirmative Action and Civil Rights Policy on the Economic Status of Blacks," Journal of Economic Literature, December 1991 (also NBER Working Paper, #3894, November 1991).

Loprest, Pamela. "Gender Differences in Wage Growth and Job Mobility" American Economic Review 82(2), May 1992, 526-532.

Lundberg, Shelly and Richard Startz. "On the Persistence of Racial Inequality," Journal of Labor Economics, 16 #2, 1998.

Neale, Derek and William R. Johnson. "The Role of Premarket Factors in Black-White Wage Differences," Journal of Political Economy, October 1996.

Oaxaca, Ronald. "Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets," International Economic Review, October 1973.

Phelps, Edmund. "The Statistical Theory of Racism and Sexism," American Economic Review, September, 1972.

Smith, James and Michael Ward. "Women in the Labor Market and in the Family," Journal Economic Perspectives, Winter 1989.

Smith, James and Finis Welch. "Black Economic Progress After Myrdal," Journal of Economic Literature, June 1989.

April 23: Special Lecture by Nicole Fortin "Wage Inequality and Labor Market Institutions

April 25 and 30: Recent Developments in the Effects of Social and Welfare Programs on Behavior

The Earned Income Tax Credit

Blundell, Richard, Alan Duncan, Julian McCrae, and Costas Meghir, "The Labour Market Impact of the Working Families Tax Credit," JCPR

7 Working Paper, October 1999.

Cossa, Ricardo, James J. Heckman and Lance Lochner, 1999, "Wage Subsidies and Skill Formation: A Study of the Earned Income Tax Credit," manuscript, University of Chicago, May.

Eissa, Nada and Hilary Williamson Hoynes, 1998, "The Earned Income Tax Credit and the Labor Supply of Married Couples," NBER Working Paper #6856.

Eissa, Nada and Jeffrey B. Liebman, 1996, "Labor Supply Response to the Earned Income Tax Credit, Quarterly Journal of Economics, May, 605-637.

Liebman, Jeffrey B., 1999b, "The Optimal Design of the Earned Income Tax Credit," mimeo, Kennedy School of Government

Hotz, V. Joseph and John Karl Scholz, "The Earned Income Tax Credit," in Robert Moffitt (ed). Means Tested Transfer Programs in the United States, Chicago: University of Chicago Press for NBER, forthcoming (see NBER web page, books in progress).

The Effects of Welfare Programs on Trends in Labor Force Participation

Meyer, Bruce D. and Dan T. Rosenbaum, 1999, "Welfare, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and the Labor Supply of Single Mothers," NBER Working Paper #7363, September 1999.

Meyer, Bruce D. and Dan T. Rosenbaum, 2000, "Making Single Mothers Work: Recent Tax and Welfare Policy and Its Effects," NBER Working Paper #7491, January 2000.

Hotz, V. Joseph, Charles Mullin, and John Karl Scholz, 2001, "The Earned Income Tax Credit and Labor Market Participation of Families on Welfare," Unpublished manuscript, UCLA, March 2001.

Term Limits

Grogger, Jeffrey and Charles Michalopoulos, "Welfare Dynamics under Time Limits," JCPR Working Paper #125, January 2000.

Grogger, Jeff, 2000, "Time Limits and Welfare Use," NBER Working Paper #7709, May 200.

8 Grogger, Jeffrey, 2001, "The Effects of Time Limits and Other Policy Changes on Welfare Use, Work and Income Among Female-Headed Families, NBER Working Paper #8153.

Modeling Effects of Multiple Program Participation

Keane, Michael and Robert Moffitt, "A Structural Model of Multiple Welfare Program Participation and Labor Supply," International Economic Review, 39(3), August 1998, pp. 553-590.

The Effects of Welfare-to-Work Programs

Friedlander, Daniel, David Greenberg, and Philip Robins (1997), "Evaluating Government Training Programs for the Economically Disadvantaged," Journal of Economic Literature, 35:4, (December), 1809- 1855.

Couch, Kenneth A. (1992), "New Evidence on the Long-Term Effects of Employment Training Programs." Journal of Labor Economics. 10(4):380- 388.

Dehejia, R. (2000), "Was There a Riverside Miracle: A Framework for Evaluating Multi-site Programs," Department of Economics, Columbia University.

Hotz, V. Joseph, Guido Imbens, and Jacob Klerman, 2000, "The Long-Term Gains from GAIN: A Re-Analysis of the Impacts of the California GAIN Program," November 2000, NBER Working Paper #8007.

Riccio, J., D. Friedlander, and S. Freedman (1994), GAIN: Benefits, Costs, and Three-Year Impacts of a Welfare-to-Work Program, Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation.

May 2: Unemployment Insurance

Anderson, Patricia and Bruce Meyer. "Unemployment Insurance in the United States: Layoff Incentives and Cross Subsidies," Journal of Labor Economics, January 1993.

Anderson, Patricia. "Time-Varying Effects of Recall Experience, a Reemployment Bonus, and Job Counselling on Unemployment Durations" Journal of Labor Economics, January 1992.

9 David Card and Craid Riddell. "A Comparative Analysis of Unemployment in the United States and Canada" in Small Differences that Matter, University of Chicago Press for NBER, 1993.

Gustafson, Cynthia and Phillip Levine. "Less-Skilled Workers, Welfare Reform, and the Unemployment Insurance System," NBER Working Paper #6489, March 1998.

Katz, Lawrence and Bruce Meyer. "Unemployment Insurance, Recall Expectations, and Unemployment Outcomes," Quarterly Journal of Economics, Nov. 1990.

Katz, Lawrence and Bruce Meyer. "The Impact of the Potential Duration of Unemployment Benefits on the Duration of Unemployment," Journal of Public Economics, 1990.

Lemieux, Thomas and W. Bentley MacLeod. "Supply Side Hysterisis: The Case of the Canadian Unemployment Insurance System," Journal of Public Economics, forthcoming 2000 (also NBER Working Paper #6732, Sept. 1998).

McCall, Brian. "The Impact of Unemployment Insurance Benefit Levels on Recipiency," Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, April 1995.

McCall, Brian. "Unemployment Insurance Rules, Joblessness and Part-Time Work" Econometrica, May 1996.

Meyer, Bruce. "Unemployment Insurance and Unemployment Spells," Econometrica, July 1990.

Woodbury, Stephen and Robert Spiegelman. "Bonuses to Workers and Employers to Reduce Unemployment: Randomized Trials in Illinois," American Economic Review, Sept. 1987.

May 7: Teenage and Out-of-Wedlock Childbearing

Hotz, V. Joseph, Jacob Klerman, and Robert Willis (1997), "The Economics of Fertility in Developed Countries: A Survey," Handbook of Population and Family Economics, M. Rosenzweig and O. Stark, eds., Amsterdam, Netherlands: North-Holland, 1997, pp. 275-347.

10 Willis, Robert (1999), "A Theory of Out-of-Wedlock Childbearing." Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 107, No. 6, Part 2, December 1999.

Nechyba, Thomas, 1999, "Social Approval, Values, and AFDC: A Re-Examination of the Illegitimacy Debate," NBER Working Paper #7240, July 1999.

Mullin, Charles and Anandi Mani, 2001, "Social Approval and Teenage Childbearing," Unpublished manuscript, Vanderbilt, February 2001.

Mullin, Charles, 1999, "A Rational Choice Based Model of Teenage Childbearing," Unpublished manuscript, January 1999.

Akerloff, G., J. Yellen, and M. Katz (1996), "An Analysis of Out-of- Wedlock Childbearing in the United States," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 111(2):277-317.

Hao, L., V. J. Hotz, and G. Z. Jin (2000), "Games Daughters and Parents Play: Teenage Childbearing, Parental Reputation, and Strategic Transfers," Unpublished manuscript, UCLA, March 2000.

May 9: Consequences of Teen and Out-of-Wedlock Births

Angrist, Joshua and William Evans "Children and their Parent’s Labor Supply: Evidence from Exogenous Variation in Family Size," American Economic Review. (Also see NBER Working Paper 5778, September 1996.)

Bronars, Stephen and Jeffrey Grogger (1994), "The Economic Consequences of Unwed Motherhood: Using Twin Births as a Natural Experiment," American Economic Review, 84 (1994): 1141-1156.

Geronimus, A. and S. Korenman (1992), "The Socioeconomic Consequences of Teen Childbearing Reconsidered," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107, 1187-1214.

Hotz, V. Joseph, Charles Mullin, and Seth Sanders (1997), "Bounding Causal Effects Using Data from a Contaminated Natural Experiment: Analyzing the Effects of Teenage Childbearing," Review of Economic Studies, 64:576-603.

Hotz, V. Joseph, Susan McElroy, and Seth Sanders. "The Costs and Consequences of Teenage Childbearing for the Mothers and the

11 Government," in Kids having Kids: The Economic Costs and Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy, ed. by R. Maynard, Urban Institute Press, 1997, pp. 55-94. (Also see NBER Working Paper #7397, Hotz, McElroy & Sanders, "Teenage Childbearing and Its Life Cycle Consequences: Exploiting a Natural Experiment.")

Maynard, Rebecca, ed. Kids having Kids: The Economic Costs and Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy, ed. by Urban Institute Press, 1997.

Rosenzweig, M. and K. Wolpin (1995), "Sisters, Siblings, and Mothers: The Effect of Teen-age Childbearing on Birth Outcomes in a Dynamic Family Context," Econometrica, 63(2), 303-326.

Rosenzweig, Mark R. and Kenneth I. Wolpin, "Life-Cycle Labor Supply and Fertility: Casual Inferences from Household Models." Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 88, No. 2 (1980): 328 - 348.

May 11: Effects of Social Policies on Family Structure, Fertility, and Abortion

Dickert-Conlin, Stacy and Amitabh Chandra (1999), "Taxes and the Timing of Births," Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 107, No. 1, 161-177.

Donohue, John and Steven Levitt. "Legalized Abortion and Crime. JCPR Working Paper, June 1999.

Hoynes, Hilary (1997), "Does Welfare Paly Any Role in Female Headship Decisions?" Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 65, No. 2, 89-117.

Kane, T. and D. Staiger (1996), "Teen Motherhood and Abortion Access," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 111(2):467-506.

Klerman, Jacob (1998), "Welfare Reform and Abortion," in Welfare, the Family, and Reproductive Behavior: Research Perspectives, Robert A. Moffitt, Editor, Committee on Population, National Research Council, 98-133.

Moffitt, R. (1994), "Welfare Effects on Female Headship with Area Effects," Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 29, Spring, 621-636.

Moffitt, Robert (1998), "The Effect of Welfare on Marriage and Fertility," in Welfare, the Family, and Reproductive Behavior: Research Perspectives, Robert A. Moffitt, Editor, Committee on Population, National Research Council, 50-97.

12 Oettinger, Gerald (1999), "The Effects of Sex Education on Teen Sexual Activity and Teen Pregnancy," Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 107, No. 3, 606-644.

Rosenzweig, Mark (1999), "Welfare, Marital Prospects and Nonmarital Childbearing." Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 107, No. 6, Part 2, December 1999.

May 16, 21 23: Public Policy and the Health Sector

Cutler, David and Elizabeth Richardson, "Your Money and Your Life: The Value of Health and What Affects It," in Alan Garber (ed). Frontiers in Health Policy, Cambridge MA: MIT Press for NBER, 1998.

Fuchs, Victor. Who Shall Live? New York: Basic Books, 1982, Introduction 1-29.

Grossman, Michael. "On the Concept of Health Capital and the Demand for Health," Journal of Political Economy, 1972.

Grossman, Michael. "The Human Capital Model of the Demand for Health," NBER Working Paper #7078, April 1999 (prepared for the Handbook of Health Economics).

Newhouse, Joseph. "Medical Care Costs: How Much Welfare Loss?" Journal of Economic Perspectives, Summer 1992.

Pauly, Mark. "Taxation, Health Insurance and Market Failure in Medical Care," Journal of Economic Literature, June 1986.

Weisbrod, Burton. "The Health Care Quadrilemma: An Essay on Technological Change, Insurance, Quality of Care, and Cost Containment," Journal of Economic Literature, June 1991.

Health and Inequality

Bound, John, Michael Schoenbaum, and Timothy Waidmann. "Race and Education Differences in Disability Status and Labor Force Attachment in the Health and Retirement Survey," Journal of Human Resources, 1995.

Currie, Janet and Brigitte Madrian. "Health, Health Insurance, and the Labor Market" forthcoming in The Handbook of Labor Economics, David

13 Card and Orley Ashenfelter (eds)., 1999.

Currie, Janet and Aaron Yelowitz. "Health Insurance and Less Skilled Workers," Labor Markets and Less Skilled Workers, Rebecca Blank and David Card (eds.), New York: Russell Sage, forthcoming, 2000.

Currie, Janet and Rosemary Hyson. "Is the Impact of Health Shocks Cushioned by Socioeconomic Status? The Case of Birthweight," American Economic Review, May 1999.

Deaton, Angus. "Inequalities in Health, Inequalities in Income," NBER Working Paper #7141, May 1999.

Deaton, Angus and Christina Paxson. "Mortality, Education, Income and Inequality Among American Cohorts," NBER Working Paper #7140, May 1999.

Gravelle, Hugh. "How Much of the Relation Between Population Mortality and Unequal Distribution of Income is a Statistical Artefact?" British Medical Journal, January 31, 1998.

Smith, James P. "Healthy Bodies and Thick Wallets: The Dual Relationship Between Health and Economic Status," Journal of Economic Perspectives, Spring 1999.

Wilkinson, Richard. Unhealthy Societies: The Affliction of Inequality, Routledge, 1996, especially chapters 9 and 10.

Public Health Insurance

Currie, Janet and Duncan Thomas. "Medicaid and Medical Care for Children," Journal of Human Resources, Winter, 1995.

Currie, Janet and Jon Gruber. "Saving Babies: The Efficacy and Cost of Recent Changes in the Medicaid Eligibility of Pregnant Women," Journal of Political Economy, December 1996.

Currie, Janet and Jon Gruber. "Health Insurance Eligibility, Utilization of Medical Care, and Child Health," Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 1996.

Currie, Janet and Jeffrey Grogger. "Medicaid Expansions and Welfare Contractions: Offsetting Effects on Prenatal Care and Infant Health," March, 1999.

14 Currie, Janet. "Do Children of Immigrants Make Differential Use of Public Health Insurance?" Issues in the Economics of Immigration, George Borjas (ed.), Chicago: University of Chicago Press for NBER, forthcoming, 2000.

Currie, Janet, Jon Gruber, and Michael Fischer. "Physician Payments and Infant Mortality: Evidence from Medicaid Fee Policy," American Economic Review, May 1995.

Cutler, David. "The Incidence of Adverse Medical Outcomes Under Prospective Payment," Econometrica, January 1995.

Cutler, David and Jon Gruber. "Does Public Insurance Crowd out Private Insurance?" Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 1996.

Gruber, Jonathan and Aaron Yelowitz. "Public Health Insurance and Private Savings," Journal of Political Economy, Dec. 1999 (also available on Aaron’s web site).

Gruber, Jon and Leemore Dafny. "Does Public Insurance Improve the Efficiency of Medical Care? Medicaid Expansions and Child Hospitalizations," NBER Working Paper #7555, February 2000.

Hanratty, Maria. "Canadian National Health Insurance and Infant Health," American Economic Review, March 1996.

McClellan, Mark, David Cutler, Victor Fuchs, Uwe Reinhardt, Thomas Savings, "Symposium: The Future of Medicare", in Journal of Economic Perspectives, Spring 2000, v14 #2.

Moffitt, Robert and Barbara Wolfe. "The Effect of the Medicaid Program on Welfare Participation and Labor Supply," Review of Economics and Statistics, November 1992. (Also available as NBER Working Paper #3286.)

Weisman, Joel Arnold Epstein. Falling Through the Safety Net (Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore) 1990, Chapters 5, 6 and 7.

Yelowitz, Aaron. "The Medicaid Notch, Labor Supply and Welfare Participation: Evidence from Eligibility Expansions," Quarterly Journal of Economics Nov. 1995.

15 Managed Care/Effects of Competition

Currie, Janet and John Fahr. "Medicaid Managed Care: Effects on Children’s Medicaid Coverage and Utilization of Care," August, 1999, revised January, 2000.

Cutler, David and Louise Sheiner. "Managed Care and the Growth of Medical Expenditures" in Frontiers in Health Policy Research, Alan Garber (ed), Cambridge MA: MIT Press, 1998.

Dranove, David, M. Shanley, and Carol Simon. "Is Hospital Competition Wasteful? RAND Journal of Economics, Summer 1992.

Duggan, Mark. "Hospital Ownership and Public Medical Spending," October 1998.

Kessler, Daniel and Mark McClellan. "Do Doctors Practice defensive Medicine?" Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1996.

Kessler, Daniel and Mark McClellan. "Is Hospital Competition Socially Wasteful?" NBER Working Paper #7266, July 1999.

Induced Demand

Dranove, David. "Demand Inducement and the Physician/Patient Relationship," Economic Inquiry, April 1988.

Dranove, David and Paul Wehner. "Physician-induced Demand for Childbirths," Journal of Health Economics," 13, 1994.

Pauly, Mark. Doctors and Their Workshops: Economic Models of Physician Behavior (Chicago: NBER) 1980, Chapters 4 and 5.

Policies for Public Health

Currie, Janet. "Child Health in Developed Countries," forthcoming in Handbook of Health Economics, Cutler and Newhouse (eds) (Amsterdam: North Holland) 2000.

Cutler, David. "Public Policy for Health Care" in Fiscal Policy: Lessons from Economic Research, Alan Auerbach ed., Cambridge MA: MIT Press, 1997.

16 Gruber, Jonathan. "The Efficiency of a Group-Specific Mandated Benefit: Evidence from Health Insurance Benefits for Maternity," American Economic Review, June 1994.

Krueger, Alan and Uwe Reinhardt. "The Economics of Employer versus Individual Mandates," Health Affairs, 1994.

Mathios, Alan and Pauline Ippolitto. "Information, Advertising, and Health Choices: A Study of the Cereal Market," RAND Journal of Economics, Fall 1990.

Phelps, Charles. "Diffusion of Information in Medical Care" Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1992.

May 28: Memorial Day

May 30: Public Housing Policy

Borjas, George. "Ethnicity, Neighborhoods and Human-Capital Externalities", American Economic Review, LXXXV (1995), 365-90.

Currie, Janet and Aaron Yelowitz. "Are Public Housing Projects Good for Kids?" Journal of Public Economics LXXV (2000), 99-124.

Cutler, David and Edward Glaeser. "Are Ghettos Good or Bad?", Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXII (1997), 827-72 (see NBER Working Paper).

Katz, Lawrence, Jeffrey Kling, and Jeffrey Liebman. "Moving to Opportunity in Boston: Early Results of a Randomized Mobility Experiment", NBER Working Paper #7973, October 2000.

Ludwig, Jens, Greg Duncan and Paul Hirschfield. "Urban Poverty and Juvenile Crime: Evidence from a Randomized Housing Mobility Experiment", Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 2001.

Rosenbaum, James E. "Employment and Earnings of Low-Income Blacks Who Move to the Suburbs" in Christopher Jencks and Paul Peterson, eds. The Urban Underclass (Washington D.C.: Brookings) 1991.

June 4: Second presentation of research papers

17 June 6: Child Care

Blau, D. and Hagy, A., "The Demand for Quality in Child Care," Journal of Political Economy, 1998.

Blau, David M., 2000, "Child Care Subsidy Programs," in Robert Moffitt (ed) Means Tested Transfer Programs in the U.S., Chicago: University of Chicago Press for NBER (see NBER Working Paper # W7806).

Chipty, T. and A. D. Witte (1998), "Effects of Information Provision in a Vertically Differentiated Market," NBER Working Paper 6493, April 1998.

Currie, Janet and V. Joseph Hotz. "Accidents Will Happen? Unintentional Injury, Maternal Employment, and Child Care Policy", NBER Working Paper #8090, Jan. 2001.

Heeb, Randal, V. Joseph Hotz and M. Rebecca Kilburn. "The Effects of State Regulations On Child Care Prices and Choices." Unpublished Manuscript, March 2000.

Lemke, Robert, Ann Dryden Witte, Magaly Queralt, and Robert Witt, 2000, "Child Care and the Welfare to Work Transition," NBER Working Paper #7583, March 2000.

June 11: Early Intervention Programs

Currie, Janet. "Early Childhood Intervention Programs: What Do We Know?", Journal of Economic Perspectives, forthcoming.

Currie, Janet and Duncan Thomas. "Does Head Start Make a Difference?" American Economic Review, June 1995.

Currie, Janet and Duncan Thomas. "Does Head Start Help Hispanic Children?" Journal of Public Economics, November, 1999.

Currie, Janet and Duncan Thomas. "The Intergenerational Transmission of "Intelligence": Down the Slippery Slopes of ‘The Bell Curve’" Industrial Relations, July 1999.

Garces, Eliana, Duncan Thomas and Janet Currie. "Longer Term Effects of Head Start", NBER Working Paper # 8054, December 2000.

18