North&South Trade and Directed Technical Change
North-South Trade and Directed Technical Change Gino Ganciay Alessandra Bon…glioliz CREI and CEPR IAE-CSIC First draft: May 2003 This version: April 2008 Abstract In a world where poor countries provide weak protection for intellectual prop- erty rights (IPRs), market integration shifts technical change in favor of rich nations. Through this channel, free trade may amplify international wage di¤erences. At the same time, integration with countries where IPRs are weakly protected can slow down the world growth rate. An important implication of these results is that protection of intellectual property is most bene…cial in open countries. This prediction, which is novel in the literature, is consistent with evidence from a panel of 53 countries observed in the years 1965-1990. The paper also provides empirical support for the mechanism linking North-South trade to the direction of technical change: an increase in import penetration from low-wage, low-IPRs, countries is followed by a sharp fall in R&D investment in a panel of US manufacturing sectors. JEL classi…cation: F14, F43, O33, O34, O41. Keywords: Economic Growth, North-South Trade, Directed Technical Change, Intellectual Property Rights, Cross-Country Income Di¤erences. This is a revised and extended version of a previous paper circulated under the title “Globalization, Divergence and Stagnation”. We are grateful to Daron Acemoglu, Torsten Persson, Jaume Ventura, Fabrizio Zilibotti for advice and to Kala Krishna and two anonymous referee for suggestions. We also thank Philippe Aghion, Pol Antràs, Paolo Epifani, Renato Flores, Omar Licandro, Paul Segerstrom, Bob Staiger, Dan Tre‡er and seminar participants at MIT, IIES, Stockholm University, Stockholm School of Economics, University of British Columbia, Toronto, Wisconsin, Rochester, CREI, Pompeu Fabra, UCL, LSE, Bocconi, the NBER Summer Institute (2004), ESSIM (2004), the SED Annual Meeting (2004), the EEA Meetings (2004) and the European Winter Meeting of the Econometric Society (2002).
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